Handbook of
U.S. Labor Statistics Employment, Earnings, Prices, Productivity, and Other Labor Data
Eighth Edition, 2005
Handbook of
U.S. Labor Statistics Employment, Earnings, Prices, Productivity, and Other Labor Data
Eighth Edition, 2005 EDITOR
Eva E. Jacobs ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Mary Meghan Ryan
© 2005 Bernan Press, an imprint of Bernan Associates, a division of The Kraus Organization Limited. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Bernan Press does not claim copyright in U.S. government information. ISBN: 1-886222-20-7 ISSN: 1526-2553 Printed by Automated Graphic Systems, Inc., White Plains, MD, on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standards Institute Z39-48 standard. 2005 2004
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CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
LIST OF CHARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv ABOUT THE EDITORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii PREFACE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
ARTICLE 1: BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS: NEW DATA ON GROSS JOB GAINS AND LOSSES . . . . . . xxi ARTICLE 2: THE EFFECT OF OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING ON BLS PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES . . . . . xxv SUMMARY OF SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix PART 1: POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tables Population, Labor Force, and Employment Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Work Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Labor Force and Employment Characteristics of Selected Family Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Labor Force and Employment Characteristics by Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 PART 2: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Tables Employment by Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Hours and Earnings by Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Employment, Hours, and Earnings by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Tables Covered Employment and Wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 PART 3: OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 PART 4: PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION . . . . . . . 239 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 PART 5: PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
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PART 6: COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Tables Employment Cost Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Tables Employee Benefits Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 PART 7: PRICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Tables Producer Price Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Tables Consumer Price Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Tables Export and Import Price Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 PART 8: CONSUMER EXPENDITURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 PART 9: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 PART 10: LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 PART 11: FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 PART 12: AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
LIST OF TABLES PART 1: POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 POPULATION, LABOR FORCE,
AND
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-1. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, 1947–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Table 1-2. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, 1970–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Table 1-5. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Region, Division, and State, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . . . 41 Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2003 . . . . . . . . . 51 Table 1-10. Persons Not in the Labor Force by Desire and Availability for Work, Age, and Sex, 1998–2003 . . . . . . . 54 EMPLOYMENT Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2003 . . . . . . 64 Table 1-13. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, New Series, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . 67 Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 . . . . . . . . . . 68 Table 1-15. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 1-17. Employed Civilians in Agriculture and Nonagricultural Industries by Class of Worker and Sex, 1980–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Table 1-18. Number of Employed Persons 25 Years and Over by Educational Attainment, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Table 1-19. Multiple Jobholders and Multiple Jobholding Rates by Selected Characteristics, May of Selected Years, 1970–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Table 1-20. Multiple Jobholders by Sex, Age, Marital Status, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Job Status, 2000–2003 . . . 79 Table 1-21. Multiple Jobholders by Industry of Principal Secondary Job, and Sex, 2001–2003, Annual Averages . . . 80 Table 1-22. Employment and Unemployment in Families by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1997–2003, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Table 1-23. Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1998–2003, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Table 1-24. Unemployment in Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1998–2003, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Table 1-25. Employment Status of the Population by Sex, Marital Status, and Presence and Age of Own Children Under 18, 1998–2003, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Table 1-26. Employment Status of Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years Old by Age of Youngest Child, and Marital Status, 1999–2003, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
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UNEMPLOYMENT Table 1-27. Unemployment Rate According to Selected Characteristics, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . 98 Table 1-30. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, New Series, 2000–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Table 1-31. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Table 1-32. Unemployed Persons by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Table 1-33. Unemployed Persons by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Table 1-34. Unemployment Rates by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Table 1-35. Unemployment Rates by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Table 1-36. Unemployed Persons by Duration of Unemployment, 1948–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Table 1-37. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2000–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Table 1-38. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Table 1-39. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Sex, Age, and Reason for Unemployment, 1970–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 WORK EXPERIENCE Table 1-40. Percentage of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Age, 1987–2003 . . . 118 Table 1-41. Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Industry and Class of Worker of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Table 1-42. Number of Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Table 1-43. Percentage Distribution of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Table 1-44. Extent of Unemployment During the Year by Sex, 1991–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Table 1-45. Percentage Distribution of Persons with Unemployment During the Year by Sex and Extent of Unemployment, 1991–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Table 1-46. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Table 1-48. Wage and Salary Workers Paid Hourly Rates with Earnings at or Below the Prevailing Federal Minimum Wage by Selected Characteristics, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Table 1-49. Absences from Work of Employed Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age and Sex, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Table 1-50. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Age, and Sex, Selected Years, 1983–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Table 1-51. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Industry, Selected Years, 2000–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 LABOR FORCE
AND
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
OF
SELECTED FAMILY TYPES
Table 1-52. Employment Status of the Population by Marital Status and Sex, March 1989–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Table 1-53. Employment Status of All Women and Single Women by Presence and Age of Children, March 1988–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Table 1-54. Employment Status of Ever-Married Women and Married Women, Spouse Present, by Presence and Age of Children, March 1988–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Table 1-55. Employment Status of Women Who Maintain Families by Marital Status and Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Table 1-56. Number and Age of Children in Families by Type of Family and Labor Force Status of Mother, March 1988–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Table 1-57. Number of Families and Median Family Income by Type of Family and Earner Status of Members, 1991–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Table 1-58. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Citizenship Status and Sex, 1999–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Table 1-59. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Citizenship Status, and Sex, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Table 1-60. Total Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 15 Years and Over by Sex and U.S. Citizenship Status, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
LIST OF TABLES LABOR FORCE
AND
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
BY
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EDUCATION
Table 1-61. Percentage Distribution of the Civilian Labor Force 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Table 1-62. Labor Force Participation Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Table 1-63. Unemployment Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Table 1-64. Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Held Job, and Sex, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Table 1-65. Percent Distribution of Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Held Job, and Sex, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Table 1-66. Median Annual Earnings by Educational Attainment and Sex, Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers, Age 25 to 64, 1998–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 PART 2: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 EMPLOYMENT
BY INDUSTRY
Table 2-1. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Table 2-2. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry Groups, SIC Basis, 1948–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Table 2-3. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Table 2-4. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1959–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Table 2-5. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Table 2-6. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Table 2-7. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Table 2-8. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Basis, 1939–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Table 2-9. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Table 2-10. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Basis, 1939–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 HOURS
AND
EARNINGS
BY INDUSTRY
Table 2-11. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Table 2-12. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Table 2-13. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Table 2-14. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Table 2-15. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Table 2-16. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1956–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Table 2-17. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Table 2-18. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
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Table 2-19. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Table 2-20. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Table 2-21. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Table 2-22. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Table 2-23. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Table 2-24. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Table 2-25. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Table 2-26. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Table 2-27. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Table 2-28. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 EMPLOYMENT, HOURS,
AND
EARNINGS
BY
STATE
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Table 2-30. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Table 2-31. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Table 2-32. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Table 2-33. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Table 2-34. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Table 2-35. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Table 2-36. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Table 2-37. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Table 2-38. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Table 2-39.Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 COVERED EMPLOYMENT
AND
WAGES
Table 2-40. Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, by State, 2001–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Table 2-41. NAICS Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, United States, 2001–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Table 2-42. SIC Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, United States, Old Series, 1997–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Table 2-43. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, 1992–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Table 2-44. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, as a Percent of Employment, Seasonally Adjusted, 1992–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Table 2-45. Three-Month Private Sector Job Gains and Losses by Industry, Seasonally Adjusted, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
LIST OF TABLES
xi
PART 3: OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Table 3-1. Employment and Wages by Major Occupational Group, 2001–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Table 3-2. Distribution of Employment by Wage Range and Occupational Group, 2001–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Table 3-3. Distribution of Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 PART 4: PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION . . . . . . . . 239 Table 4-1. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1982, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012 . . . 245 Table 4-2. Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Table 4-3. Industries with the Largest Output Growth and Declines, 2000–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Table 4-4. Percentage of Employees and Projected Net Employment Change in Selected Occupations, by Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 PART 5: PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Table 5-2. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series: Selected Service-Providing and Mining Industries, 1987–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Table 5-3. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series: Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade and Food Service and Drinking Places Industries, 1987–2003 and 2002–2003 . . . . . . . 279 Table 5-4. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Selected Years, 1960–2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1986–2000 . . . . . 282 PART 6: COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1989–2003 . . . . . . . 311 Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region, and Area Size, 1989–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Table 6-5. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Major Industry Group, March 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Table 6-6. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Census Area and Region, March 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Table 6-7. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation, State and Local Government, by Major Occupational Industry Group, March 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Table 6-8. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: State and Local Government Workers, by Occupational and Industry Workers, March 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SURVEY Table 6-9. Percent of Workers that are Participating in or Have Access to Selected Benefits, March 2003 . . . . . . . 327 Table 6-10. Medical Care Benefits: Percent of Participants Required to Contribute and Average Employee Contribution, Private Industry, March 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Table 6-11. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours by Selected Characteristics, Private Industry and State and Local Government, National Compensation Survey, July 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Table 6-12. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Characteristics, Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas, National Compensation Survey, July 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Table 6-13. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Occupations, Full-Time and Part-Time Workers National Compensation Survey, July 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
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PART 7: PRICES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
PRODUCER PRICE INDEX Table 7-1. Producer Price Indexes by Stage of Processing, 1947–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Table 7-2. Producer Price Indexes by Commodity Groups, 1913–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1990–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Table 7-4. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1967–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Table 7-5. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Commodity, Service, and Special Groups, 1967–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Table 7-6. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Selected Groups, and Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar, 1913–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Table 7-7. Consumer Price Indexes, Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1913–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Table 7-8. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, by Expenditure Category, 1989–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Table 7-9. Relative Importance of Components in the Consumer Price Index, U.S. City Average, December 1997–December 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Table 7-10. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers, All Items, Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1965–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 EXPORT
AND IMPORT
PRICE INDEXES
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1993–2003 . . . . . . 368 Table 7-14. U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes and Percent Changes for Selected Categories of Services, December 2002–December 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 PART 8: CONSUMER EXPENDITURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Table 8-1. Consumer Expenditures, Average Annual of All Consumer Units, 1993–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Table 8-2. Shares of Average Annual Expenditures and Characteristics of All Consumer Units, 1993–2002 . . . . . 379 Table 8-3. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Income Before Taxes, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Table 8-4. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Quintiles of Income Before Taxes, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Table 8-5. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Age of Reference Person, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Table 8-6. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Size of Consumer Unit, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Table 8-7. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Composition of Consumer Unit, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Table 8-8. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Number of Earners, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Table 8-9. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Housing Tenure, Type of Area, Race and Hispanic Origin of Reference Person, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Table 8-10. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Region of Residence, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Table 8-11. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Occupation of Reference Person, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Table 8-12. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Under Age 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Table 8-13. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 25–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Table 8-14. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 35–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Table 8-15. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 45–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Table 8-16. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 55–64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
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Table 8-17. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 65 and Over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Table 8-18. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Men by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Table 8-19. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Women by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002 . . . . . . . . . . 396 Table 8-20. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Table 8-21. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Table 8-22. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: Midwest Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Table 8-23. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Table 8-24. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Education of Reference Person, 2001–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 PART 9: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Table 9-1. Incidence Rates of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Industries and Case Types, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Table 9-2. Number of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work by Selected Worker Characteristics and Industry Division, Private Industry, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Table 9-3. Number and Percent Distribution of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work by Selected Occupation and Number of Days Away from Work, Private Industry, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Table 9-4. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Selected Worker Characteristics and Selected Event or Exposure, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Table 9-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Selected Event or Exposure, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 PART 10: LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Table 10-1. Work Stoppages Involving 1,000 Workers or More, 1947–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Table 10-2. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, 1998–2003 . . . . 420 Table 10-3. Union Affiliation of Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Table 10-4. Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Table 10-5. Wage and Salary Employees Who Were Union or Employee Association Members, 1977–2003 . . . . . . 426 Table 10-6. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by State, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 PART 11: FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Table 11-1. Employment Status of the Working-Age Population, Approximating U.S. Concepts, 10 Countries, 1965–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 Table 11-2. Indexes of Manufacturing Productivity and Related Measures, 15 Countries, 1970 and 1990–2003 . . . 435 Table 11-3. Hourly Compensation Costs in U.S. Dollars for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 30 Countries and Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1975–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Table 11-4. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, 1950–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Table 11-5. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, Percent Change from Previous Year, 1956–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Table 11-6. Real GDP Per Capita, 14 Countries, 1960–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Table 11-7. Real GDP per Employed Person, 14 Countries, 1960–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Table 11-8. Employment–Population Ratios, 14 Countries, 1960–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Table 11-9. Real GDP Per Capita and per Employed Person, 14 Countries, 1980–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
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PART 12: AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Table 12-1. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities for the Total Population and for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day by Activity Category and Sex, 2003 Annual Averages . . . . . 450 Table 12-2. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities for the Total Population by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity and Educational Attainment, 2003 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Table 12-3. Average Hours Worked per Day by Employed Persons on Weekdays and Weekends by Selected Characteristics, 2003 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 Table 12-4. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities for the Population 18 Years and Over, by Sex, Labor Force Status, and Presence and Age of Children, Selected Characteristics, 2003 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Table 12-5. Average Hours per Day Spent by Persons 18 Years and Over, Caring for Household Children Under 18 Years, by Sex of Respondent and Age of Youngest Household Child, 2003 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Table 12-6. Average Hours per Day Spent in Leisure and Sports Activities for the Total Population by Selected Characteristics, 2003 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
LIST OF CHARTS PART 1: POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS Percentage Increase of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Employed Civilians in Selected Occupations by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Unemployment Rates by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1995–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Labor Force Participation Rates of Women with Children Under 6 Years of Age, March 1994–March 2004 . . . 132 PART 2: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS Percentage Change in Nonfarm Payroll Employment 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Total Private Nonfarm Payrolls in Current and Constant Dollars, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Gross Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Components of Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 PART 3: OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES Percentage of Total Employment and Mean Hourly Wages of Selected Major Occupational Groups, 2002 . . . 223 PART 4: PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION Percent Change and Projected Percent Change in the Labor Force, 1992–2002 and 2002–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 The 10 Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002–2012 (Percent Change) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 PART 5: PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS Indexes of Output per Hour and Unit Labor Costs in Business and Manufacturing, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 PART 6: COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Private Industry Wages, Salaries and Benefits, December to December Percent Change, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . 289 State and Local Government Wages, Salaries, and Benefits, December to December Percent Change, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 PART 7: PRICES Percentage Change in Producer and Consumer Price Indexes, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Consumer Price Index, All Items and Medical Care, Annual Percent Change, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 PART 8: CONSUMER EXPENDITURES Percentage Distribution of Major Consumer Expenditures by Selected Age Groups, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 PART 9: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illness Rates by Industry, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 PART 10: LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 PART 11: FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Percentage Change in Output per Hour, Output, and Hours for Manufacturing, Selected Countries, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 PART 12: AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) Average Hours Spent per day in Primary Activities for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
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ABOUT THE EDITORS
Eva E. Jacobs, editor of Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics since the first edition, served as Chief of the Division of Consumer Expenditure Surveys at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) for over 20 years. As manager of this division, Ms. Jacobs was responsible for the ongoing Consumer Expenditure Survey, which tracked the expenditure patterns of U.S. households over time. Ms. Jacobs also held positions in the Productivity Division and the Economic Growth Division. More recently, she acted as advisor on cost of living projects for both government and private consultants. Currently, Ms. Jacobs serves as chair of a panel advising the Safe Harbor Working Group on issues related to cost of living adjustments for federal employees in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Ms. Jacobs was the 1998 recipient of the Julius Shiskin Award, given by the National Association of Business Economists and the Washington Statistical Society for distinguished contributions to Economic Statistics.
Mary Meghan Ryan is a data analyst with Bernan Press. She received her bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Maryland and is a former economist with the American Economics Group. Additionally, Ms. Ryan has worked as a research assistant for FRANDATA. Ms. Ryan is also an associate editor of the eighth edition of Business Statistics of the United States and the first edition of Vital Statistics of the United States, both published by Bernan Press.
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PREFACE As the economy changes, different aspects become of concern. During periods of concern about inflation, as in the nineties, the movement of prices, as reflected in the Consumer and Producer Price indexes, is the center of attention. During periods of recession or slow economic growth, as in the years 2000–2003, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed workers receives widespread attention. At the same time, there are noncyclical changes going on in society that raise questions. What has been the impact of immigration on the structure of the labor force? Which industries are expected to provide employment growth in the future? How has technology changed the occupational and educational requirements of industry? How have the demographic changes in the population affected the pattern of pension plans offered by employers? How have the consumption patterns of various groups in the population changed? Other policy questions continue to be debated even as the economy recovers slowly from the recession of 2000–2001. One persistent problem has been the increasing medical care costs faced by the government, industry, and individuals. What has been the increase in the price of prescription drugs and medical services? What other factors influence these costs? How have medical benefits provided by employers been influenced by these increases? Answering questions such as these for the future requires information about the present and the past. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) provides a treasure trove of historical information about the labor market, prices, and productivity. Bernan Press is pleased to present this eighth edition of its award-winning Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics containing a compilation of such BLS data. The current publication maintains and updates the content of the previous edition and adds additional data and new features.
The second article examines the effect of outsourcing and offshoring on BLS productivity measures. The authors conclude that the effect is small and there does not appear to be an explanation for the recent speed-up of productivity. •
Other articles in previous editions of the Handbook have described the new classification systems for occupations (SOC, third ed.) and industries (NAICS, sixth ed.), which are being introduced in all federal surveys.
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An introduction to each chapter that highlights some salient data in the following numerous tables.
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One or more charts in each chapter that call attention to noteworthy trends. A summary of important economic trends is in the beginning of the Handbook.
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Each major section is preceded by a concise description of the data sources, concepts, definitions, and methodology from which tables are derived.
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The introductory notes also contain references to more comprehensive reports that generally provide more data and more detailed descriptions of estimation methods and reliability measures.
NEW IN THIS EDITION •
One consists of the Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data, which forms the basis of the analysis in the introductory article on that subject. There are three new tables relating to BED.
FEATURES OF THIS PUBLICATION •
Approximately 200 tables present authoritative data on workers, industries, wages, prices, productivity, and international comparisons.
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Introductory articles that call attention to new data or new analyses of data that are of interest to users. There are two articles in this Handbook: The first article analyzes new data on Business Employment Dynamics, which disaggregates the components of establishment-level employment changes. The detail provided gives analysts insight into business openings, closings, expansions, and contractions across the stages of the business cycle and the effect of these activities on employment.
There are two major new series that are introduced in this edition of the Handbook:
A new chapter, Chapter 12, presents the first results of the new American Time Use Survey (ATUS). This survey, which was first described in the sixth edition of this Handbook, collects information on how people living in the United States spend their time. Estimates show the kinds of activities people do and the time spent doing them. There are six new tables from this survey. •
There are significant changes in some chapters resulting from the new industrial and occupational classification systems. These changes lead to incomparability between the earlier and later data. These changes are described in the introductory Notes and Definitions for the appropriate chapter.
•
There are several more charts than in the previous editions of this Handbook.
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All tables are updated with the latest annual data available at the time of the publication deadline.
SOURCES OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BLS data, for the most part, are derived from surveys conducted by the federal government or through federalstate cooperative arrangements. The comparability of data over time can be affected by the changes in the surveys that are needed to keep pace with the current structure of economic institutions or to take advantage of improved survey techniques. Revisions of current data are also made periodically as a result of the availability of new information. In addition, some tables in this Handbook were dropped because the data are from a one-time survey that is now outdated, such as the data on training (1995) or the survey has been restructured entirely. Introductory notes to each chapter summarize the specific factors that may affect the data in that chapter. In the tables, the ellipsis character (“…”) has been used to indicate data that are not available. More extensive methodological information, including sampling and estimation procedures for all BLS programs, is contained in the BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2490, April 1997. That publication is being updated as each chapter is completed. The completed chapters are available on the BLS Web site. Other sources of current data and analytical articles are the Monthly Labor Review and a daily Internet publication, The Editor’s Desk (TED). The Internet address for the BLS home page is <www.bls.gov>. Other relevant publications are noted at the end of the individual chapters. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Preparation of this book was very much a team activity. Mary Meghan Ryan capably researched the data and
compiled the tables. Deirdre Gaquin prepared the special tabulations of data from the Current Population Survey. Kara Prezocki, assisted by Rebecca Zayas, prepared all graphics and layout. Jacalyn Houston copyedited this edition. Tamera Wells-Lee managed the overall editorial and production aspects of this volume. I extend my sincere gratitude to these individuals for their skills, professionalism, and cooperative effort—all of which made this publication possible. Particular thanks go to the BLS staff members too numerous to mention by name who patiently answered questions and provided material. OTHER PUBLICATIONS BY BERNAN PRESS The Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics is one of a number of publications in Bernan Press’ award-winning U.S. DataBook Series. Other titles in the U.S. DataBook Series include Business Statistics of the United States: Patterns of Economic Change; Vital Statistics of the United States: Births, Life Expectancy, Deaths, and Selected Health Data; and the forthcoming United States Foreign Trade Highlights. Each of these titles provides the public with statistical information from official government sources. Other publications published by Bernan Press include Social Change in America: The Historical Handbook; Datapedia of the United States: American History in Numbers; and The Almanac of American Education, selected by CHOICE as an Outstanding Academic Title. If you have any questions or suggestions on how we may make future editions even more useful, please contact us by email at
[email protected] or write us at Bernan Press, 4611-F Assembly Dr., Lanham, MD 20706. Visit our Web site at
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ARTICLE 1 BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS: NEW DATA ON GROSS JOB GAINS AND LOSSES The new BLS business employment dynamics data series captures establishment-level employment changes that are absent from other BLS series; the detail provided gives researchers insight into business openings, closings, expansions, and contractions across the stages of the business cycle. This article is excerpted from the April 2004 edition of the Montly Labor Review.
O ne of the most watched economic indicators in the United States is the monthly change in nonfarm payroll employment released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Changes in this indicator can affect stock market movements and interest rate decisions considerably. The monthly change in nonfarm payroll employment gives the net change in the number of jobs over a particular month—the overall change, given that some establishments have opened, some have expanded, some have contracted, and some have closed. This article presents new BLS data on quarterly gross job gains and losses. The new BLS measures of gross job gains and gross job losses afford a more thorough understanding of the employment decisions of the millions of business establishments in the U.S. economy. Examining establishmentlevel employment changes aids in analyzing both the large gross job flows that underlie the substantially smaller net employment changes and the establishment-level employment dynamics across various stages of the business cycle. The article begins with definitions of gross job gains and gross job losses. Following this introductory section are a description of the source data used by the bureau to generate estimates of quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses and an explanation of the methodology employed for longitudinally linking establishment records. The heart of the article is the presentation of the new BLS business employment dynamics data series. Special attention is given to how the business employment dynamics data compare with other BLS establishment-based employment series, and establishment openings and closings relative to births and deaths. The article concludes with a summary of ongoing work and planned future enhancements to the gross job gains and gross job loss statistics at the bureau. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS The net result of the millions of business establishments in the U.S. economy changing their specific employment levels is a change in aggregate employment from one quarter to the next. While this aggregate net change identifies the overall growth or decline of the labor market, it does not convey the underlying heterogeneity of the many establishments that open, expand, contract, and close every quarter. By contrast, statistics on gross job
gains and gross job losses aggregate the establishmentlevel employment changes in such a way that one can observe and assess the underlying dynamics. The bureau uses a number of definitions pertaining to gross job gains and gross job losses. Gross job gains are the sum of all employment increases at either opening or expanding establishments. An opening establishment is an establishment that has positive employment in the current quarter and that either had zero employment or was not in the database the previous quarter. An expanding establishment is a continuous unit that increases its employment from a positive level in the previous quarter to a higher level in the current quarter. Gross job losses are the sum of all employment losses at either closing or contracting establishments. A closing establishment is an establishment that had positive employment in the previous quarter and that either has zero employment or is not in the database in the current quarter. A contracting establishment is a continuous unit that decreases its employment from the previous quarter to a lower positive level in the current quarter. The familiar net change in employment is the difference between the gross job gains and the gross job losses. Many establishments do not change their level of employment from one quarter to the next. For example, between the first and second quarters of 2003, 3.1 million U.S. establishments with workers did not change their employment levels. Those establishments that keep their employment constant do not contribute to the count of either gross job gains or gross job losses. However, such establishments and their employment levels are included in the count of the total number of establishments and the aggregate level of employment. By dividing estimates of gross job gains and gross job losses by the average of the current and previous quarters’ employment, the bureau expresses those estimates as rates. This approach provides a symmetric growth rate, so that one can add and subtract the rates just as one can the levels. For instance, the net growth rate is the difference of the gross job gain rate and the gross job loss rate. An example can help clarify the concepts of gross job gains and gross job losses. For the rest of this paragraph, the data discussed are not seasonally adjusted. In March 2003, there were 105,079,625 jobs and in June 2003, there
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were 107,615,979 jobs. Thus, employment increased by 2,536,354 jobs during the second quarter of 2003. This employment growth can be decomposed into expanding, opening, contracting, and closing establishments. Employment in expanding establishments grew by 7,229,797 jobs, employment in opening establishments by 1,754,671 jobs. The level of gross job gains was 8,984,468 jobs during the second quarter of 2003, a rate of 8.5 percent. Employment in contracting establishments declined by 5,093,167 jobs, and closing establishments accounted for the loss of 1,354,947 jobs. The level of gross job losses was 6,448,114 jobs during the second quarter of 2003, a rate of 6.1 percent. The difference between the gross job gains and the gross job losses constituted the net employment increase of 2,536,354 jobs, a rate of 2.4 percent.
employment dynamics data series requires a thorough understanding of how businesses operate and how they file their UI tax forms. The manner in which businesses report administrative changes and changes in ownership can result in establishments obtaining new UI identifiers even though no economic changes occurred. Failing to capture and link such noneconomic changes would result in an overstatement of establishment openings and closings and thus an overstatement of job turnover in the economy. Accordingly, the bureau has developed a multistep process for linking business establishment data over time. The process consists of four steps: two distinct administrative matches, a probability-based weighted match, and an analyst intervention match. GROSS JOB GAINS AND GROSS JOB LOSSES
Both gross job gains and gross job losses are the sums of net changes in employment at the establishment level and are referred to collectively as gross job flows. For example, if an establishment increases its employment from 100 workers to 120 workers, the 20 additional jobs are classified as gross job gains. This count of gross job gains does not measure the dynamics of workers into and out of jobs in the establishment. For instance, the addition of 20 jobs during the quarter might have occurred either with the addition of 20 new hires or by the net of 30 new hires and 10 separations. LONGITUDINAL ESTABLISHMENT MICRODATA Source of data. The source of the data used for constructing the new BLS business employment dynamics data series is the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), also known as the ES-202 program. A comprehensive and accurate source of information on employment and wages, the data gathered in the QCEW program provide a virtual census (98 percent) of employees on nonfarm payrolls. In the second quarter of 2003, the QCEW statistics show an employment level of 129.2 million, in 8.2 million establishments in the U.S. economy. The QCEW data are derived from quarterly Unemployment Insurance (UI) administrative microdata. All employers subject to State UI laws are required to submit quarterly reports detailing their monthly employment and quarterly wages to the State Employment Security Agencies. After the microdata are edited and, if necessary, corrected by the State Labor Market Information staff, the states submit the data and other business identification information to the bureau as part of the Federal- State cooperative QCEW program. The linkage methodology. Following establishments across time with administrative UI microdata is a complex and challenging exercise. Creating the business
Cross-Sectional Results During the second quarter of 2003, the economy lost a (seasonally adjusted) total of 180,000 jobs. This employment decline is the net result of two factors: the jobs gained by opening and expanding establishments and the jobs lost by closing and contracting establishments. Opening and expanding establishments gained 7.5 million jobs in the second quarter of 2003, while closing and contracting establishments lost 7.7 million jobs. Each of these figures is substantially larger than the net employment change statistic, which illustrates the sizable amount of job “churning” that occurs in the U.S. economy every quarter. Gross job gains result from expanding and opening establishments. How large are these two components relative to each other? In the second quarter of 2003, employment in expanding establishments grew by 6.0 million jobs and employment in opening establishments grew by 1.5 million. These statistics indicate that expanding establishments account for 80 percent, and opening establishments for 20 percent, of quarterly gross job gains. With regard to gross job losses, employment in contracting establishments declined by 6.1 million jobs, employment in closing establishments by 1.6 million jobs. Thus, contracting establishments accounted for 80 percent, and closing establishments for 20 percent, of quarterly gross job losses. Expanding and contracting establishments accounted for most jobs gained and lost when measured quarterly. Measured in percentages rather than levels, the gross job gain rate in the U.S. private-sector economy was 7.0 percent between March 2003 and June 2003, and the gross job loss rate for the quarter was 7.3 percent. The interpretation of these statistics is that the jobs gained in opening and expanding establishments during the quarter
BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS
made up 7.0 percent of the total number of jobs and the jobs lost from closing and contracting establishments during the quarter constituted 7.3 percent of the total number of jobs. The difference of -0.3 percent between the gross job gain rate and the gross job loss rate is the net employment growth rate, seasonally adjusted, between March 2003 and June 2003. An important component of the business employment dynamics data series is the establishment counts underlying the gross job gains and gross job losses. Looking at the second quarter of 2003 reveals that there were about 1.5 million expanding establishments (22.6 percent of all active establishments) and 1.5 million contracting establishments (22.9 percent) during the quarter. Approximately 332,000 establishments (5.2 percent) opened during the quarter, and 337,000 establishments (5.3 percent) closed during the quarter. The difference of the number of opening establishments and the number of closing establishments (-5,000) is the net change in the number of active establishments during the quarter. The average expanding establishment added 4.1 jobs during the quarter (5.988 million jobs divided by 1.451 million establishments) and the average contracting establishment lost 4.2 jobs during the quarter (6.140 million jobs divided by 1.465 million establishments). A similar calculation shows that the average opening establishment starts with 4.6 employees in its first quarter of positive employment and the average closing establishment is responsible for the loss of 4.6 employees in the final quarter in which it still has employees. These business employment dynamics data add to the labor market statistics currently available from the bureau. The traditional measure of net employment change produced by the bureau indicates that employment fell by 180,000 jobs (seasonally adjusted) during the second quarter of 2003. The gross job gains and gross job loss statistics signal that this net employment loss is the result of 6.0 million jobs added at 1.5 million expanding establishments, 1.5 million jobs added at 332,000 opening establishments, 6.1 million jobs lost at 1.5 million contracting establishments, and 1.6 million jobs lost at 337,000 closing establishments. These large gross job flows underlie the substantially smaller net employment change statistic and were calculated from the same administrative UI microdata, without any additional data collection efforts or any additional burden on respondents. The business employment dynamics statistics also expand our understanding of the U.S. economy. Primarily, the gross job flow and establishment flow statistics reveal the
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tremendous amount of churning underlying the net growth rates. Each quarter in the U.S. economy, millions of establishments remaining in operation are adding or subtracting from their workforces, creating a turnover of millions of jobs. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of establishments open and close, causing the simultaneous gain and loss of millions of jobs. These business employment dynamics statistics demonstrate that a sizable number of jobs and establishments appear and disappear in the short time frame of three months. The business employment dynamics data for any given quarter highlight the large amount of churning that underlies net employment growth. One of the principal uses of these data is to gain an understanding of this continuous churning over the course of the business cycle, which, to a large degree, is defined by the growth (or shrinkage) of employment. The new BLS gross job gain and gross job loss statistics will enable researchers to analyze the extent to which economic recessions and expansions are characterized by changes in business expansions and openings, by changes in business contractions and closings, or by a combination of the two. Gross Job Gain Rates The time series of gross job gain rates at expanding and opening establishments, and gross job loss rates at contracting and closing establishments, show that for any given quarter, expanding and contracting establishments account for most jobs gained and most jobs lost, respectively, measured on a quarterly frequency. This is seen in the fact that the job gain rate for expanding establishments and the job loss rate for contracting establishments are in the neighborhood of roughly 6 percent, whereas the job gain rate for opening establishments and the job loss rate for closing establishments are almost always below 2 percent. The business cycle is most evident in the expanding and contracting establishments the difference between the gross job gain rate due to expansions and the gross job loss rate due to contractions mirrors the overall difference between the gross job gain rate and the gross job loss rate. The difference between the gross job gain rate due to openings and the gross job loss rate due to closings does exhibit some business cycle properties, but this difference is quite small relative to the difference between the corresponding rates for expansions and contractions. Comparisons with other BLS data series. The net employment change from the business employment dynamics data series will not match the net employment change from the BLS monthly Current Employment Statistics
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(CES) survey. With a sample size of more than 400,000 business establishments per month covering about onethird of total nonfarm employment, the CES survey provides detailed and timely industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The employment estimates from the CES survey are usually the first major economic indicators to be released each month and are widely used by policymakers and the business community. There are three key reasons that the business employment dynamics data series will not match the CES estimates. First, the CES estimates are based on monthly surveys from a sample of establishments and are available within two to three weeks of the reference period, whereas the gross job gain and gross job loss statistics are based on a quarterly census of administrative records and are published eight months after the end of the reference period. Second, the CES survey has coverage different from that of the business employment dynamics series— excluding the agriculture sector, but including establishments not covered by the UI program, such as railroads and religious organizations. Third, computing a seasonally adjusted net employment change from seasonally adjusted component series (openings, expansions, contractions, and closings) is different from estimating the net employment change from a seasonally adjusted total employment series. It is wise to be cautious in attempting to compare net employment change statistics from the CES survey with those from the business employment dynamics data series. The intended use of the latter is to show the large gross job flows that underlie the net change in aggregate employment levels. Data users who want timely information or who want to track net changes in aggregate employment levels over time without regard to the underlying gross job gains and gross job loss statistics should refer to the CES data. Still, although the net employment change statistic from the CES survey and that from the business employment
dynamics data series may differ in any specific quarter, the time-series behavior of the seasonally adjusted net employment change from the two series is quite similar. This similarity should not be surprising, because the CES survey benchmarks to the QCEW. During the 1990s, the net employment change from the two data series show the same pattern, albeit with differences in any given quarter. Both data series exhibit a substantial decline in net employment growth during 2001, with continued negative net employment growth through calendar year 2002. These new gross job gain and gross job loss statistics will help economists, policymakers, and business leaders better understand the labor market and the U.S. economy. The data described represent just the start of a number of new data series flowing from the Business Employment Dynamics program. In addition to publishing the national-level data described herein, the bureau is preparing further data series at more detailed levels. Plans are in the works to release gross job gain and gross job loss statistics for industries and geographical regions, although confidentiality restrictions will determine just how much detail will be published. The bureau also is working on gross job gain and gross job loss data by size class, which will allow the commonly asked question “Who creates the most jobs?” to be answered. The statistics presented in this article are all at the establishment level; the bureau is working on gross job gain and gross job loss statistics at the firm level as well. Finally, BLS researchers are working on annual gross job gain and gross job loss statistics, and related issues such as business survival rates.
Authors: James R. Spletzer, R. Jason Faberman, Akbar Sadeghi, David M. Talan are economists and Richard L. Clayton is a division chief in the Bureau of Labor Statistics. More information is available at <www.bls.gov/bdm>.
ARTICLE 2 THE EFFECT OF OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING ON BLS PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES
This article, written by the staff of the BLS Office of Productivity and Technology, is reproduced from the BLS Web site. The annual data cited are available in part 5 of this Handbook.
Among those that include intermediates, multifactor productivity measures compare output trends to more than one input and this framework can better help to trace the influence of offshoring on the productivity measures.
Recent discussions about the extent of outsourcing and offshoring in the American economy have raised questions about their possible impact on productivity measures. In order to understand the impact, it is necessary to understand the construction of productivity measures and to look at historical trends in the productivity series.
BUSINESS AND NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR
Around 1990, output per hour or labor productivity in the business sector began growing at a faster rate than had been seen in the previous 17 years. Given that productivity measures tend to grow faster during the early stages of economic recovery, the faster growth rate was not widely viewed as unusual at the time. What was unusual was that the rate of productivity growth accelerated even further beginning around 1995 when normally it would be expected to slow as the recovery matured. While several explanations have been suggested, most economists believed that firms were finally able to harness the information technology revolution to introduce new methods of production, management controls, and services. This view, sometimes called the New Economy Paradigm, argued that a new permanently higher trend rate of productivity growth has occurred. Others cautioned that another explanation may hold or that the effect of information technology might not be permanent. The recession of 2001 seemed to further confirm the higher trend growth rate. While labor productivity growth did slow in 2001 compared with the previous five years, its growth was still rapid when compared with most other recessions. Productivity growth tends to be higher than average in recoveries, but coming out of the 2001 recession, business sector productivity growth advanced at its fastest rate since 1950 and maintained its rapid rate during 2003, including the dramatic 9.4 percent annual growth rate reported for the third quarter. Consequently, we have experienced nearly 13 years of faster productivity growth. While a number of explanations have been put forth and to this list some have added measurement issues related to outsourcing and offshoring, any set of explanations should cover not just the last few years, but the entire 13-year period. BLS produces a family of productivity measures. For the purposes of understanding how offshoring might affect these measures, the key distinction is between those measures that include intersectoral intermediate inputs as part of the output measure and those that do not.
The quarterly measures of labor productivity, defined as output per hour, for the business and nonfarm business sectors utilize an output measure that is derived from the National Income and Product Accounts produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Output is measured as the delivery of value-added to final demand and so it does not include intermediate inputs. Imported finished goods and services to consumers reduce these output measures dollar for dollar. Thus, outsourcing of production from manufacturing to domestic non-manufacturing industries has little if any effect on measures of business and nonfarm business sector output. Value-added has been shifted between the sectors but the total value-added produced domestically is unchanged. If the outsourcing is from manufacturing to businesses located abroad (“offshoring”), business sector output is lowered by the amount of value-added that is no longer produced in the United States. It does not matter for measurement purposes if offshoring is an intermediate product or service such as a computer chip or call center services or the entire production of a final product or service such as a computer. If it is assumed that an outsourced product or service is identical to the original, business sector output is unaffected by outsourcing from one domestic industry to another. However, labor productivity can differ between the original manufacturer and the new outsourced producer. As a result, aggregate hours may rise or fall somewhat, but the effect on business sector productivity will be quite modest. In the case of offshoring, both business sector output and hours will fall. Again, the net effect on business sector labor productivity depends on the relative productivity of the lost output to the remaining output and any new output created. It is reasonable, however, to suppose that in this type of situation lost production may have taken place in plants with relatively low levels of productivity. If so, then offshoring might raise labor productivity, but as with domestic outsourcing the effect of this compositional effect is expected to be modest. MANUFACTURING For the quarterly manufacturing labor productivity series, the output concept is sectoral output, which is measured as the real value of shipments leaving the sector. Thus,
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this output measure includes intermediate inputs purchased from outside of the manufacturing sector. These intermediate inputs include materials, energy and purchased business services, whether purchased from domestic or foreign suppliers. When output is compared to a single input such as hours worked, productivity change also reflects the substitution of other inputs for labor. Conceptually, the impact of offshoring is more pronounced in manufacturing measures than in the business sector measures, provided the domestic manufacturer is purchasing the offshored goods or services as inputs. (As with the business sector, the complete loss of manufacturing production to an importer of finished goods leaves productivity largely unchanged.) If a domestic computer manufacturer switches from domestic to foreign suppliers of intermediate inputs such as computer memory chips or call center services, real manufacturing sectoral output is unchanged because the real value of the computer is unchanged. Because U.S. jobs are lost (all other things unchanged), labor productivity will rise. If the U.S. manu-
facturer switches most of its production to off-shore facilities, labor productivity might rise substantially. While the labor productivity measures provide us with the timeliest look at productivity trends, they do not provide us with the most comprehensive view. Multifactor productivity measures compare output to two or more inputs and remove from the labor productivity measures the effect of substitution among inputs. Within this framework, it is possible to account for labor productivity growth as the sum of multifactor productivity growth and the contribution of shifts in the mix of inputs. The table below shows these data for manufacturing, where inputs include capital, hours, energy, materials, and purchased business services. Because these data are for manufacturing in its entirety, energy, materials and purchased business services are purchased from the domestic nonmanufacturing sector or imported. Outsourced and imported inputs are included but they cannot be separately identified in these data.
TABLE 1. SOURCES OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN MANUFACTURING, 1973–2001 (Percent per year) Labor Productivity Equals: Multifactor Productivity:
1973–1990 2.5
1990–1995 3.3
1995–2000 4.1
2000–2001 1.2
0.5
1.2
2.3
-0.8
1.0 0.4 0.0 0.6
1.0 0.5 0.1 0.5
0.7 0.2 0.0 0.8
1.1 -0.4 0.0 1.3
Plus: Input Deepening Materials Business Services Energy Capital
Multifactor productivity plus the effects of input deepening may not sum to labor productivity due to rounding. All data are reporting using the Standard Industrial Classification system. Labor productivity measures are from the Multifactor Productivity Trends program and may not equal those reported in the quarterly Productivity and Costs News Release. Source: Multifactor Productivity Trends in Manufacturing, 2001, USDOL, 04-148, February 10, 2004.
THE EFFECT OF OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING
The acceleration of labor productivity through 2000 is evident in the table above. The overwhelming portion of this acceleration comes from faster multifactor productivity growth, leaving little to be accounted for by capital deepening or domestic outsourcing or offshoring of materials and business services. In combination, increased use of materials and business services relative to labor contributes almost exactly the same amount in each of the earliest two periods and slows beginning in 1995. Therefore domestic outsourcing and offshoring explain none of the labor productivity speed-up. While this does not preclude imports from representing a rising share of materials and business services, it suggests a limit to the scope of their influence on productivity change. Because of data limitations, the manufacturing multifactor productivity measures are not yet available for years after 2001. The final set of manufacturing data comes from the BLS international comparisons program, where labor produc-
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tivity for manufacturing is measured as value-added output per hour worked. Value-added output is produced by the BEA. Value-added output measures the contribution of capital and labor to production and excludes intermediates. In this framework, outsourcing and offshoring have the same effect. Both output and hours fall and, like the business sector, the net effect is likely to be slight. This is the case whether the lost production is an intermediate good or a final product. The second table provides a comparison of the Bureau’s family of manufacturing measures. All three measures show acceleration in the growth rate of productivity. The measure of value-added output per hour grew slightly faster than the sectoral output per hour measure. This implies that combined intermediates grew slightly more slowly than sectoral output. It can be inferred from the similar pattern of sectoral and value-added productivity growth that intermediates are not a primary explanation of the faster productivity growth.
TABLE 2. COMPARISON OF BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS’ PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES IN MANUFACTURING (Percent per year) Period
Sectoral output per hour (1)
Multifactor productivity (2)
Value-Added output per hour (3)
1979–1990 1990–1995 1995–2000 2000–2001 2001–2002
2.6 3.3 4.3 1.8 6.5
1.1 1.3 2.1 -0.8 N.A.
3.0 3.3 4.5 0.4 9.2p
2003 1st quarter 2003 2nd quarter 2003 3rd quarter
5.8 2.8 9.0
N.P. N.P. N.P.
N.P. N.P. N.P.
All data are reported using the Standard Industrial Classification system. p–Based on preliminary value-added measures from the gross product originating program of the Bureau of Economic Analysis. N.A.–Data is not available. N.P.–Not produced. Only annual data are available for these series. 1. Sectoral output per hour is the real value of shipments leaving an industry, (including the value of intermediate inputs) divided by hours at work. Data are from the quarterly Productivity and Costs News Release, December 3, 2003. 2. Multifactor productivity is sectoral output per combined units of capital, hours at work, energy, non-energy materials, and purchased business services. Data are from the annual Multifactor Productivity Trends in Manufacturing, 2001, USDOL 04-148, February 10, 2004. 3. Value-added output per hour is sectoral output less the real value of intermediate inputs such as materials, energy, and purchased business services. Data are from the annual International Comparisons of Manufacturing Productivity and Unit Labor Costs Trends, March 26, 2004. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. xxvii
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
SUMMARY Productivity growth, however it is measured, accelerated in the 1990s and this faster growth has continued on during the last recession and recovery. Offshoring affects business sector productivity change only through changes in the composition of domestic production and its effect is likely to be small. In manufacturing, the combination of domestic outsourcing and offshoring has contributed about 1.5 percent per year to sectoral output per hour growth through 1995 but only about 1 percent per year thereafter and as a result, they do not appear to be an explanation for the productivity speed-up. This conclu-
sion must be qualified in two ways. First, there is no information on the relative importance of offshoring relative to domestic outsourcing and so it is not known if foreign suppliers have become a growing substitute for domestic suppliers of intermediate inputs. Even if they have, under reasonable assumptions, offshoring appears to explain only a small fraction of the productivity speedup. Second, not all BLS data extend beyond 2001 and so it cannot be ascertained if there has been a sudden shift in trends. Even if there has, the impact of outsourcing and offshoring on productivity change is likely to be small.
SUMMARY OF SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS These charts, which appear in the relevant chapters of this Handbook, show the significant change in the direction of the United States economy that took place in the early years of the twenty-first century. The most important of these was the rise in the unemployment rate and the concomitant decline in employment, particularly in manufacturing. At the same time, price inflation was very low and productivity rose, also particularly in manufacturing. Additionally, real earnings have been flat for some years. The last chart shows the first results from the new American Time Use Survey.
Unemployment Rates by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1995–2003
Percentage Change in Nonfarm Payroll Employment, 1993–2003 6.0
14.0
4.0 12.0
2.0 10.0 Total White men White women Black men Black women Hispanic men Hispanic women
8.0
6.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
4.0
-6.0 2.0
-8.0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
0.0 1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Total private
Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Total Private Nonfarm Payrolls in Current and Constant Dollars, 1993–2003
Manufacturing
Private service-providing
Indexes of Output per Hour and Unit Labor Costs in Business and Manufacturing, 1993–2003 (1992=100)
$600.00
160.0 Business (Output per hour) Business (Unit labor costs) Manufacturing (Output per hour) Manufacturing (Unit labor costs)
150.0
$500.00
140.0 $400.00
130.0 $300.00
120.0 $200.00
110.0
$100.00
100.0 90.0
$0.00 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Current dollars
2000
2001
2002
2003
80.0 1993
Constant dollars
Percentage Change in Producer and Consumer Price Indexes, 1993–2003
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Average Hours Spent per Day in Primary Activities for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day, 2003 10.0
6.0 5.0 8.0
4.0
Total Men Women
3.0 6.0
Hours
2.0 1.0
4.0
0.0 -1.0 2.0
-2.0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 0.0 Working and work-related activities
Producer Price Index: Finished consumer goods Consumer Price Index: All items less shelter
Leisure and sports
Household activities
Activity
xxix
Caring for and helping household children
PART ONE POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS HIGHLIGHTS This chapter presents detailed historical information collected in a survey of households on the employment status of the population, the Current Population Survey (CPS). Basic data on labor force, employment, and unemployment are shown for various characteristics of the population such as age, sex, race, and marital status.
Percentage Increase of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1993–2003 70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0 White men
White women
Black men
Black women
Hispanic men
Hispanic women
The rapid rise of the Hispanic labor force continued throughout the decade. The labor force of Hispanic women is larger in 2003 than that of Hispanic men 10 years ago. The rate of increase in the labor force of women in all groups was greater than that of men. (Hispanics may be White or Black.) (Table 1-3) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • While the rate of increase among different groups varies sharply, the distribution of the labor force changes slowly because of the great difference in the levels. For example, the proportion of White men in the labor force declined from 46.8 percent to 44.7 percent from 1993 to 2003, while the proportion of Hispanic men in the labor force rose from 5.5 percent to 7.7 percent. (Table 1-7) • The labor force participation rate for the civilian population as a whole declined from the peak of 67.1 percent in the late nineties, to 66.2 percent in 2003. (Table 1-8) • The labor force participation rate for White men continued the persistent decline that took place throughout the nineties and in 2003 was the lowest ever, 74.2 percent compared with 77.1 percent as late as 1990. One explanation has been the increasing number of men that pursue more years of education and are therefore not in the labor force. A 12-point drop in the 16–19 year old age group from 1990 to 2003 bolsters this explanation. (Table 1-8). • The labor force participation rate for White women is relatively steady recently after the increases in the eighties and nineties. However, the rates in the older age groups are rising, beginning with the 45–54 age group, which rose 6 points since 1990 and an almost 12-point increase for the 55–64 age group. (Table 1-8) • The labor force participation rate for Black men steadily declined as the rate for Black women increased. The rate for Black men declined 3.7 points since 1990 while the rate for Black women increased by 3.6 points. (Table 1-8) • The explanation for the trends for both men and women is probably the same for all the groups of the population, increasing years of education. However, the participation rate has not declined as much for women as it has for men due to the large number of new entrants into the labor force. 3
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY OF HOUSEHOLDS Note: Data for 2000 and 2001 have been revised. See sections on Comparability of Labor Force Levels and Changes in Occupational and Industrial Classification Systems. Collection and Coverage The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) compiles statistics on the employment status of the population and related data. This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Census Bureau using a scientifically selected sample of the civilian noninstitutional population. The CPS sample has been increased to 60,000 households from 50,000. The new sample was introduced beginning September 2, 2000. However, the estimates of the national labor force from the additional sample were not introduced at that time in order to evaluate the impact of the change. Since the estimates from the two samples were virtually the same, BLS incorporated the additional sample into the official national estimates beginning in July 2001. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th day of the month. This is known as the “reference week.” Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the “survey week.” Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier. Concepts and Definitions The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the inception of the survey in 1940. Current definitions of some of the major concepts used in the CPS are given below. The civilian noninstitutional population includes persons 16 years of age and older residing in the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (such as penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and who are not on active duty in the armed forces. Employed persons are all persons who, during the reference week, (a) did any work at all (at least one hour) as
paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management disputes, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the reference week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around their own house (painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and other organizations. Unemployed persons are all persons who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the fourweek period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a distribution of weeks of unemployment. Reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups: (1) Job losers, defined as (a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date to return to work or who expect to return within six months (persons on layoff need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed); (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work; and (c) persons who completed a temporary job, and who began looking for work after the job ended; (2) Job leavers, defined as persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work; (3) Reentrants, defined as persons who previously worked but were out of the labor
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
force prior to beginning their job search; and (4) New entrants, defined as persons who never had worked but were searching for work. The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified as employed or unemployed. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. The participation rate represents the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. The employment to population ratio represents the proportion of the population that is employed. Persons not in the labor force are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking for work in the four-week period ending with the reference week. Persons not in the labor force who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 months), but who are not currently looking, are designated as “marginally attached to the labor force.” The marginally attached are divided into those not currently looking because they believe their search would be futile—so-called discouraged workers— and those not currently looking for other reasons such as family responsibilities, ill health, or lack of transportation. For discouraged workers, the reasons for not currently looking for work are that the individual believes that: No work is available in his or her line of work or area; he or she could not find any work; he or she lacks necessary schooling, training, skills, or experience; employers would think he or she is too young or too old; or he or she would encounter hiring discrimination. Discouraged workers are defined as persons not in the labor force who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. Usual full- or part-time status refers to hours usually worked per week. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 hours or more. This group includes some individuals who worked less than 35 hours in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic reasons. Part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. These concepts are used to differentiate a person’s normal schedule from
5
their specific activity during the reference week. Unemployed persons who are looking for full-time work or are on layoff from full-time jobs are counted as part of the full-time labor force; unemployed persons who are seeking or who are on layoff from part-time jobs are counted as part of the part-time labor force. Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor force. Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed is determined by the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The unemployed are classified according to their last job. Beginning in 2003, the occupational and industrial classification of CPS data is based on the 2002 Census Bureau occupational and industrial classification systems, which are derived from the 2000 Standard Classification (SOC) and the 2002 North American Industry Classification (NAICS). (See the following section on historical comparability for a discussion of previous classification systems used in the CPS.) The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the following categories: private and government wage and salary workers; self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are included in the selfemployed category in the class-of-worker typology. Selfemployed persons who respond that their businesses are incorporated are included among wage and salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage. Multiple jobholders are employed persons who, during the reference week, had two or more jobs as a wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.) who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with multiple jobs as unpaid family workers. At work part-time for economic reasons, sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time, refers to individuals who gave an economic reason for working one to 34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in
6
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
demand. Those who usually work part-time must also indicate that they want and are available to work fulltime to be classified as on part-time for economic reasons. At work part-time for noneconomic reasons refers to persons who usually work part-time and were at work one to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Non-economic reasons include, for example: illness or other medical limitations; childcare problems or other family or personal obligations; school or training; retirement or Social Security limits on earnings; and being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours. The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working one to 34 hours but said they do not want to work full-time or were unavailable for such work. White, Black, and Asian are terms used to describe the race of persons. Persons in these categories are those who selected that race only. Persons in the remaining race categories–American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders, and persons who selected more than one race category–are included in the estimates of total employment and unemployment but are not shown separately because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of sufficient quality for monthly publication. In the enumeration process, the household respondent determines race. Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as being Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other marital status are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with the armed forces, or any other reasons. A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term is not applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple families but only to
persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse. Family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all such persons are considered as members of one family. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the householder is single; widowed; divorced; or married, spouse absent. The annual CPS data on the employment characteristics of families and family members begin with data for 1995. These data are not strictly comparable with family data derived from the March CPS. The annual data are derived by averaging the data for each month of the year, whereas the March data refer to that month. The annual average data provide a larger sample size, while the March family data provide a longer historical series. Additional Concepts and Definitions: CPS Supplements In addition to the above concepts and definitions, the definitions below apply to the special labor force data collected annually in the March supplement to the monthly CPS, and the data on tenure usually collected in a February supplement. Persons with work experience are civilians who worked at any time during the preceding calendar year at full- or part-time jobs for pay or profit (including paid vacations and sick leave) or worked without pay on a farm or in a business that was family operated. From 1989 forward, these supplementary tables also include members of the armed forces within the United States. Tenure refers to length of time a worker has been continuously employed by the current employer. The data were collected through a supplement to the CPS. The question asked of all employed persons was how long the person has been working continuously for their present employer and, if one or two years, the exact number of months. The follow-up question was asked for the first time in the 1998 February supplement. Prior to 1983 the question was asked differently; data prior to 1983 are not strictly comparable to data for subsequent years. Year-round full-time workers are workers who worked primarily at full-time jobs for 50 weeks or more during the preceding calendar year. Part-year workers worked either full or part-time for one to 49 weeks. Spell of unemployment is a continuous period of unemployment of at least one week’s duration. A spell is terminated by employment or withdrawal from the labor force.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Extent of unemployment refers to the number and proportion of the labor force that were unemployed at some time during the year. The number of weeks unemployed is the total number of weeks accumulated during the entire year. Children refer to “own” children of the husband, wife, or person maintaining the family, including sons and daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children, such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, and unrelated children. Earnings are all money income of $1 or more from wages and salaries and net money income of $1 or more from farm and nonfarm self-employment.
7
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the definition of discouraged workers. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked during the year), and must have been available for work during the reference week (a direct question on availability was added in 1994). These changes were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective, relying mainly on an individual’s stated desire for a job and not on prior testing of the labor market.
Educational attainment refers to years of school completed in regular schools, which include graded public, private, and parochial elementary and high schools, whether day or night school; also college, university, or professional school.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed parttime for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in the reference week because of poor business conditions or because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work part-time: They must want and be available for full-time work. (Persons who usually work full-time but worked part-time for an economic reason during the reference week are assumed to meet these criteria.)
Minimum wages refers to the prevailing federal minimum wage, which was $5.15 per hour in 2002. Data are for wage and salary workers who are paid hourly rates. They refer to a person’s earnings on their sole or principal job.
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To be classified as “on temporary layoff,” persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs.
Absences are defined as instances when persons who usually work 35 or more hours a week worked less than that during the reference period for reasons of illness or family obligations. Excluded are situations in which work was missed for vacation, holidays or other reasons. The estimates are based on one-fourth of the sample only.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the four weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed.
Historical Comparability
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and methods made over the years, other changes—made to improve the accuracy of the estimates—have also affected the comparability of the labor force data. The most important of these is the adjustment of the population totals as a result of new information from the decennial censuses and to correct for estimating errors during the intercensal years. Those affecting the most recent decade are described below.
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940, a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Only the latest changes are described here. In 1994, major changes to the CPS were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major changes to the survey were: a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant information, and to take advantage of state-of-theart computer interviewing techniques.
Comparability of Labor Force Levels
Beginning in January 1997, updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants and emigrants was introduced. This raised the overall population by about 470,000-labor force by 320,000, and employment by 290,000, with similar upward adjustments for Hispanics. Unemployment and other percentage rates were not affected. Beginning in January 1998, new estimating procedures were introduced, which reduced labor force by about 229,000 and employment by 256,000 but raised unemployment by 27,000. New information about immigration and emigration was also incorporated which increased the Hispanic population by about 57,000. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Beginning in January 1999, new information on immigration raised the population by about 310,000, with differing impacts on different demographic groups. The population of men was lowered by about 185,000, but of women was raised by 490,000. The Hispanic population was lowered by about 165,000 while the rest of the population was raised by about 470,000. Hispanic labor force and employment estimates were each reduced by over 200,000. The impact on unemployment rates and other percentages was small. Beginning in January 2003, several changes were introduced into the CPS. These changes included: a) Population controls that reflected the results of Census 2000 were introduced into the monthly CPS estimation process. These new population controls substantially increased the size of the civilian noninstitutional population and the civilian labor force. Data from January 2000 through December 2002 were revised to reflect the higher population estimates from Census 2000 and the higher rates of population growth since the census. The entire amount of this adjustment was added to the labor force data in January 2003 resulting in increases of 941, 000 to the civilian noninstitutional population and 614,000 to the civilian labor force. The unemployment rate and other ratios were not substantially affected by either of these population control adjustments. b) The modification of the questions on race and Hispanic origin to comply with the new standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity for federal statistical agencies. The questions were reworded to indicate that individuals could select more than one race category and to convey more clearly that individuals should report their own perception of what their race is. These changes had no impact on the overall civilian noninstitutional population and civilian labor force but did reduce the population and labor force levels of Whites, Blacks, and Asians beginning in January 2003. Changes in the Occupational and Industrial Classification System Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 Census were introduced into the CPS. The 1980 Census occupational
classification system was so radically different in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. The industrial classification system used in the 1980 Census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new industrial system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 Census were introduced into the CPS. There were a few breaks in comparability between the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within the “technical, sales, and administrative support” categories. The most notable changes in industry classification were the shift of several industries from “business services” to “professional services” and the splitting of some industries into smaller, more detailed categories. Beginning in January 2003, the 2003 Census Bureau occupational and industrial classification system were introduced into the CPS and reestimated for 2000 and 2001. These systems were derived from the 2000 SOC and the 2002 NAICS, which were described in the third and sixth editions of this Handbook respectively. The composition of detailed occupational and industrial classifications in the new systems was substantially changed from the previous systems in use as was the structure for aggregating them into broad groups. Consequently, the use of the new classification systems created breaks in existing data series at all levels of aggregation beginning with the year 2000. Sources of Additional Information A complete description of sampling and estimation procedures and further information on the impact of historical changes in the survey can be found in Employment and Earnings, February 2003 and February 2004, and the updated Chapter 1 of the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 1, April 17, 2003, available on line at the BLS Web site. Technical papers, which describe various revisions, are also available from BLS.
9
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-1. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, 1947–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Employed Total
Participation rate
Total
Percent of population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Number
Not in labor force
Unemployment rate
1947 ................................. 1948 ................................. 1949 .................................
101 827 103 068 103 994
59 350 60 621 61 286
58.3 58.8 58.9
57 038 58 343 57 651
56.0 56.6 55.4
7 890 7 629 7 658
49 148 50 714 49 993
2 311 2 276 3 637
3.9 3.8 5.9
42 477 42 447 42 708
1950 ................................. 1951 ................................. 1952 ................................. 1953 1 .............................. 1954 .................................
104 995 104 621 105 231 107 056 108 321
62 208 62 017 62 138 63 015 63 643
59.2 59.2 59.0 58.9 58.8
58 918 59 961 60 250 61 179 60 109
56.1 57.3 57.3 57.1 55.5
7 160 6 726 6 500 6 260 6 205
51 758 53 235 53 749 54 919 53 904
3 288 2 055 1 883 1 834 3 532
5.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 5.5
42 787 42 604 43 093 44 041 44 678
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................
109 683 110 954 112 265 113 727 115 329
65 023 66 552 66 929 67 639 68 369
59.3 60.0 59.6 59.5 59.3
62 170 63 799 64 071 63 036 64 630
56.7 57.5 57.1 55.4 56.0
6 450 6 283 5 947 5 586 5 565
55 722 57 514 58 123 57 450 59 065
2 852 2 750 2 859 4 602 3 740
4.4 4.1 4.3 6.8 5.5
44 660 44 402 45 336 46 088 46 960
1960 1 .............................. 1961 ................................. 1962 1 .............................. 1963 ................................. 1964 .................................
117 245 118 771 120 153 122 416 124 485
69 628 70 459 70 614 71 833 73 091
59.4 59.3 58.8 58.7 58.7
65 778 65 746 66 702 67 762 69 305
56.1 55.4 55.5 55.4 55.7
5 458 5 200 4 944 4 687 4 523
60 318 60 546 61 759 63 076 64 782
3 852 4 714 3 911 4 070 3 786
5.5 6.7 5.5 5.7 5.2
47 617 48 312 49 539 50 583 51 394
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................
126 513 128 058 129 874 132 028 134 335
74 455 75 770 77 347 78 737 80 734
58.9 59.2 59.6 59.6 60.1
71 088 72 895 74 372 75 920 77 902
56.2 56.9 57.3 57.5 58.0
4 361 3 979 3 844 3 817 3 606
66 726 68 915 70 527 72 103 74 296
3 366 2 875 2 975 2 817 2 832
4.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5
52 058 52 288 52 527 53 291 53 602
1970 ................................. 1971 ................................. 1972 1 .............................. 1973 1 .............................. 1974 .................................
137 085 140 216 144 126 147 096 150 120
82 771 84 382 87 034 89 429 91 949
60.4 60.2 60.4 60.8 61.3
78 678 79 367 82 153 85 064 86 794
57.4 56.6 57.0 57.8 57.8
3 463 3 394 3 484 3 470 3 515
75 215 75 972 78 669 81 594 83 279
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
4.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.6
54 315 55 834 57 091 57 667 58 171
1975 ................................. 1976 ................................. 1977 ................................. 1978 1 .............................. 1979 .................................
153 153 156 150 159 033 161 910 164 863
93 774 96 158 99 008 102 250 104 962
61.2 61.6 62.3 63.2 63.7
85 846 88 752 92 017 96 048 98 824
56.1 56.8 57.9 59.3 59.9
3 408 3 331 3 283 3 387 3 347
82 438 85 421 88 734 92 661 95 477
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8
59 377 59 991 60 025 59 659 59 900
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................
167 745 170 130 172 271 174 215 176 383
106 940 108 670 110 204 111 550 113 544
63.8 63.9 64.0 64.0 64.4
99 302 100 397 99 526 100 834 105 005
59.2 59.0 57.8 57.9 59.5
3 364 3 368 3 401 3 383 3 321
95 938 97 030 96 125 97 450 101 685
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
60 806 61 460 62 067 62 665 62 839
1985 ................................. 1986 1 .............................. 1987 ................................. 1988 ................................. 1989 .................................
178 206 180 587 182 753 184 613 186 393
115 461 117 834 119 865 121 669 123 869
64.8 65.3 65.6 65.9 66.5
107 150 109 597 112 440 114 968 117 342
60.1 60.7 61.5 62.3 63.0
3 179 3 163 3 208 3 169 3 199
103 971 106 434 109 232 111 800 114 142
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
62 744 62 752 62 888 62 944 62 523
1990 1 .............................. 1991 ................................. 1992 ................................. 1993 ................................. 1994 1 ..............................
189 164 190 925 192 805 194 838 196 814
125 840 126 346 128 105 129 200 131 056
66.5 66.2 66.4 66.3 66.6
118 793 117 718 118 492 120 259 123 060
62.8 61.7 61.5 61.7 62.5
3 223 3 269 3 247 3 115 3 409
115 570 114 449 115 245 117 144 119 651
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
5.6 6.8 7.5 6.9 6.1
63 324 64 578 64 700 65 638 65 758
1995 ................................. 1996 ................................. 1997 1 .............................. 1998 1 .............................. 1999 1 ..............................
198 584 200 591 203 133 205 220 207 753
132 304 133 943 136 297 137 673 139 368
66.6 66.8 67.1 67.1 67.1
124 900 126 708 129 558 131 463 133 488
62.9 63.2 63.8 64.1 64.3
3 440 3 443 3 399 3 378 3 281
121 460 123 264 126 159 128 085 130 207
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
66 280 66 647 66 836 67 547 68 385
2000 1 .............................. 2001 ................................. 2002 ................................. 2003 1 ..............................
212 577 215 092 217 570 221 168
142 583 143 734 144 863 146 510
67.1 66.8 66.6 66.2
136 891 136 933 136 485 137 736
64.4 63.7 62.7 62.3
2 464 2 299 2 311 2 275
134 427 134 635 134 174 135 461
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774
4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0
69 994 71 359 72 707 74 658
1Not
strictly comparable with data for prior years.
10
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-2. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, 1970–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Employed Total
Participation rate
Total
Percent of population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Number
Not in labor force
Unemployment rate
MEN 1970 ........................................... 1971 ........................................... 1972 1 ......................................... 1973 1 ......................................... 1974 ...........................................
64 304 65 942 67 835 69 292 70 808
51 228 52 180 53 555 54 624 55 739
79.7 79.1 78.9 78.8 78.7
48 990 49 390 50 896 52 349 53 024
76.2 74.9 75.0 75.5 74.9
2 862 2 795 2 849 2 847 2 919
46 128 46 595 48 047 49 502 50 105
2 238 2 789 2 659 2 275 2 714
4.4 5.3 5.0 4.2 4.9
13 076 13 762 14 280 14 667 15 069
1975 ........................................... 1976 ........................................... 1977 ........................................... 1978 1 ......................................... 1979 ...........................................
72 291 73 759 75 193 76 576 78 020
56 299 57 174 58 396 59 620 60 726
77.9 77.5 77.7 77.9 77.8
51 857 53 138 54 728 56 479 57 607
71.7 72.0 72.8 73.8 73.8
2 824 2 744 2 671 2 718 2 686
49 032 50 394 52 057 53 761 54 921
4 442 4 036 3 667 3 142 3 120
7.9 7.1 6.3 5.3 5.1
15 993 16 585 16 797 16 956 17 293
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ...........................................
79 398 80 511 81 523 82 531 83 605
61 453 61 974 62 450 63 047 63 835
77.4 77.0 76.6 76.4 76.4
57 186 57 397 56 271 56 787 59 091
72.0 71.3 69.0 68.8 70.7
2 709 2 700 2 736 2 704 2 668
54 477 54 697 53 534 54 083 56 423
4 267 4 577 6 179 6 260 4 744
6.9 7.4 9.9 9.9 7.4
17 945 18 537 19 073 19 484 19 771
1985 ........................................... 1986 1 ......................................... 1987 ........................................... 1988 ........................................... 1989 ...........................................
84 469 85 798 86 899 87 857 88 762
64 411 65 422 66 207 66 927 67 840
76.3 76.3 76.2 76.2 76.4
59 891 60 892 62 107 63 273 64 315
70.9 71.0 71.5 72.0 72.5
2 535 2 511 2 543 2 493 2 513
57 356 58 381 59 564 60 780 61 802
4 521 4 530 4 101 3 655 3 525
7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 5.2
20 058 20 376 20 692 20 930 20 923
1990 1 ......................................... 1991 ........................................... 1992 ........................................... 1993 ........................................... 1994 1 .........................................
90 377 91 278 92 270 93 332 94 354
69 011 69 168 69 964 70 404 70 817
76.4 75.8 75.8 75.4 75.1
65 104 64 223 64 440 65 349 66 450
72.0 70.4 69.8 70.0 70.4
2 546 2 589 2 575 2 478 2 554
62 559 61 634 61 866 62 871 63 896
3 906 4 946 5 523 5 055 4 367
5.7 7.2 7.9 7.2 6.2
21 367 22 110 22 306 22 927 23 538
1995 ........................................... 1996 ........................................... 1997 1 ......................................... 1998 1 ......................................... 1999 1 .........................................
95 178 96 206 97 715 98 758 99 722
71 360 72 086 73 261 73 959 74 512
75.0 74.9 75.0 74.9 74.7
67 377 68 207 69 685 70 693 71 446
70.8 70.9 71.3 71.6 71.6
2 559 2 573 2 552 2 553 2 432
64 818 65 634 67 133 68 140 69 014
3 983 3 880 3 577 3 266 3 066
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.1
23 818 24 119 24 454 24 799 25 210
2000 1 ......................................... 2001 ........................................... 2002 ........................................... 2003 1 .........................................
101 964 103 282 104 585 106 435
76 280 76 886 77 500 78 238
74.8 74.4 74.1 73.5
73 305 73 196 72 903 73 332
71.9 70.9 69.7 68.9
1 861 1 708 1 724 1 695
71 444 71 488 71 179 71 636
2 975 3 690 4 597 4 906
3.9 4.8 5.9 6.3
25 684 26 396 27 085 28 197
1970 ........................................... 1971 ........................................... 1972 1 ......................................... 1973 1 ......................................... 1974 ...........................................
72 782 74 274 76 290 77 804 79 312
31 543 32 202 33 479 34 804 36 211
43.3 43.4 43.9 44.7 45.7
29 688 29 976 31 257 32 715 33 769
40.8 40.4 41.0 42.0 42.6
601 599 635 622 596
29 087 29 377 30 622 32 093 33 173
1 855 2 227 2 222 2 089 2 441
5.9 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.7
41 239 42 072 42 811 43 000 43 101
1975 ........................................... 1976 ........................................... 1977 ........................................... 1978 1 ......................................... 1979 ...........................................
80 860 82 390 83 840 85 334 86 843
37 475 38 983 40 613 42 631 44 235
46.3 47.3 48.4 50.0 50.9
33 989 35 615 37 289 39 569 41 217
42.0 43.2 44.5 46.4 47.5
584 588 612 669 661
33 404 35 027 36 677 38 900 40 556
3 486 3 369 3 324 3 061 3 018
9.3 8.6 8.2 7.2 6.8
43 386 43 406 43 227 42 703 42 608
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ...........................................
88 348 89 618 90 748 91 684 92 778
45 487 46 696 47 755 48 503 49 709
51.5 52.1 52.6 52.9 53.6
42 117 43 000 43 256 44 047 45 915
47.7 48.0 47.7 48.0 49.5
656 667 665 680 653
41 461 42 333 42 591 43 367 45 262
3 370 3 696 4 499 4 457 3 794
7.4 7.9 9.4 9.2 7.6
42 861 42 922 42 993 43 181 43 068
1985 ........................................... 1986 1 ......................................... 1987 ........................................... 1988 ........................................... 1989 ...........................................
93 736 94 789 95 853 96 756 97 630
51 050 52 413 53 658 54 742 56 030
54.5 55.3 56.0 56.6 57.4
47 259 48 706 50 334 51 696 53 027
50.4 51.4 52.5 53.4 54.3
644 652 666 676 687
46 615 48 054 49 668 51 020 52 341
3 791 3 707 3 324 3 046 3 003
7.4 7.1 6.2 5.6 5.4
42 686 42 376 42 195 42 014 41 601
1990 1 ......................................... 1991 ........................................... 1992 ........................................... 1993 ........................................... 1994 1 .........................................
98 787 99 646 100 535 101 506 102 460
56 829 57 178 58 141 58 795 60 239
57.5 57.4 57.8 57.9 58.8
53 689 53 496 54 052 54 910 56 610
54.3 53.7 53.8 54.1 55.3
678 680 672 637 855
53 011 52 815 53 380 54 273 55 755
3 140 3 683 4 090 3 885 3 629
5.5 6.4 7.0 6.6 6.0
41 957 42 468 42 394 42 711 42 221
1995 ........................................... 1996 ........................................... 1997 1 ......................................... 1998 1 ......................................... 1999 1 .........................................
103 406 104 385 105 418 106 462 108 031
60 944 61 857 63 036 63 714 64 855
58.9 59.3 59.8 59.8 60.0
57 523 58 501 59 873 60 771 62 042
55.6 56.0 56.8 57.1 57.4
881 871 847 825 849
56 642 57 630 59 026 59 945 61 193
3 421 3 356 3 162 2 944 2 814
5.6 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.3
42 462 42 528 42 382 42 748 43 175
2000 1 ......................................... 2001 ........................................... 2002 ........................................... 2003 1 .........................................
110 613 111 811 112 985 114 733
66 303 66 848 67 363 68 272
59.9 59.8 59.6 59.5
63 586 63 737 63 582 64 404
57.5 57.0 56.3 56.1
602 591 587 580
62 983 63 147 62 995 63 824
2 717 3 111 3 781 3 868
4.1 4.7 5.6 5.7
44 310 44 962 45 621 46 461
WOMEN
1Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
11
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003 (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
176 383 113 544 105 005 3 321 101 685 8 539 62 839
178 206 115 461 107 150 3 179 103 971 8 312 62 744
180 587 117 834 109 597 3 163 106 434 8 237 62 752
182 753 119 865 112 440 3 208 109 232 7 425 62 888
184 613 121 669 114 968 3 169 111 800 6 701 62 944
186 393 123 869 117 342 3 199 114 142 6 528 62 523
189 164 125 840 118 793 3 223 115 570 7 047 63 324
190 925 126 346 117 718 3 269 114 449 8 628 64 578
192 805 128 105 118 492 3 247 115 245 9 613 64 700
194 838 129 200 120 259 3 115 117 144 8 940 65 638
83 605 63 835 59 091 2 668 56 423 4 744 19 771
84 469 64 411 59 891 2 535 57 356 4 521 20 058
85 798 65 422 60 892 2 511 58 381 4 530 20 376
86 899 66 207 62 107 2 543 59 564 4 101 20 692
87 857 66 927 63 273 2 493 60 780 3 655 20 930
88 762 67 840 64 315 2 513 61 802 3 525 20 923
90 377 69 011 65 104 2 546 62 559 3 906 21 367
91 278 69 168 64 223 2 589 61 634 4 946 22 110
92 270 69 964 64 440 2 575 61 866 5 523 22 306
93 332 70 404 65 349 2 478 62 871 5 055 22 927
76 219 59 701 55 769 2 418 53 351 3 932 16 518
77 195 60 277 56 562 2 278 54 284 3 715 16 918
78 523 61 320 57 569 2 292 55 277 3 751 17 203
79 565 62 095 58 726 2 329 56 397 3 369 17 470
80 553 62 768 59 781 2 271 57 510 2 987 17 785
81 619 63 704 60 837 2 307 58 530 2 867 17 915
83 030 64 916 61 678 2 329 59 349 3 239 18 114
84 144 65 374 61 178 2 383 58 795 4 195 18 770
85 247 66 213 61 496 2 385 59 111 4 717 19 034
86 256 66 642 62 355 2 293 60 063 4 287 19 613
92 778 49 709 45 915 653 45 262 3 794 43 068
93 736 51 050 47 259 644 46 615 3 791 42 686
94 789 52 413 48 706 652 48 054 3 707 42 376
95 853 53 658 50 334 666 49 668 3 324 42 195
96 756 54 742 51 696 676 51 020 3 046 42 014
97 630 56 030 53 027 687 52 341 3 003 41 601
98 787 56 829 53 689 678 53 011 3 140 41 957
99 646 57 178 53 496 680 52 815 3 683 42 468
100 535 58 141 54 052 672 53 380 4 090 42 394
101 506 58 795 54 910 637 54 273 3 885 42 711
85 429 45 900 42 793 595 42 198 3 107 39 529
86 506 47 283 44 154 596 43 558 3 129 39 222
87 567 48 589 45 556 614 44 943 3 032 38 979
88 583 49 783 47 074 622 46 453 2 709 38 800
89 532 50 870 48 383 625 47 757 2 487 38 662
90 550 52 212 49 745 642 49 103 2 467 38 339
91 614 53 131 50 535 631 49 904 2 596 38 483
92 708 53 708 50 634 639 49 995 3 074 39 000
93 718 54 796 51 328 625 50 702 3 469 38 922
94 647 55 388 52 099 598 51 501 3 288 39 260
14 735 7 943 6 444 309 6 135 1 499 6 791
14 506 7 901 6 434 305 6 129 1 468 6 604
14 496 7 926 6 472 258 6 215 1 454 6 570
14 606 7 988 6 640 258 6 382 1 347 6 618
14 527 8 031 6 805 273 6 532 1 226 6 497
14 223 7 954 6 759 250 6 510 1 194 6 270
14 520 7 792 6 581 264 6 317 1 212 6 727
14 073 7 265 5 906 247 5 659 1 359 6 808
13 840 7 096 5 669 237 5 432 1 427 6 745
13 935 7 170 5 805 224 5 580 1 365 6 765
TOTAL CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONAL POPULATION Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
12
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
196 814 131 056 123 060 3 409 119 651 7 996 65 758
198 584 132 304 124 900 3 440 121 460 7 404 66 280
200 591 133 943 126 708 3 443 123 264 7 236 66 647
203 133 136 297 129 558 3 399 126 159 6 739 66 837
205 220 137 673 131 463 3 378 128 085 6 210 67 547
207 753 139 368 133 488 3 281 130 207 5 880 68 385
212 577 142 583 136 891 2 464 134 427 5 692 69 994
215 092 143 734 136 933 2 299 134 635 6 801 71 359
217 570 144 863 136 485 2 311 134 174 8 378 72 707
221 168 146 510 137 736 2 275 135 461 8 774 74 658
94 355 70 817 66 450 2 554 63 896 4 367 23 538
95 178 71 360 67 377 2 559 64 818 3 983 23 818
96 206 72 087 68 207 2 573 65 634 3 880 24 119
97 715 73 261 69 685 2 552 67 133 3 577 24 454
98 758 73 959 70 693 2 553 68 140 3 266 24 799
99 722 74 512 71 446 2 432 69 014 3 066 25 210
101 964 76 280 73 305 1 861 71 444 2 975 25 684
103 282 76 886 73 196 1 708 71 488 3 690 26 396
104 585 77 500 72 903 1 724 71 179 4 597 27 085
106 435 78 238 73 332 1 695 71 636 4 906 28 197
87 151 66 921 63 294 2 351 60 943 3 627 20 230
87 811 67 324 64 085 2 335 61 750 3 239 20 487
88 606 68 044 64 897 2 356 62 541 3 146 20 563
89 879 69 166 66 284 2 356 63 927 2 882 20 713
90 790 69 715 67 135 2 350 64 785 2 580 21 075
91 555 70 194 67 761 2 244 65 517 2 433 21 362
93 875 72 010 69 634 1 756 67 878 2 376 21 864
95 181 72 816 69 776 1 613 68 163 3 040 22 365
96 439 73 630 69 734 1 629 68 104 3 896 22 809
98 272 74 623 70 415 1 614 68 801 4 209 23 649
102 460 60 239 56 610 855 55 755 3 629 42 221
103 406 60 944 57 523 881 56 642 3 421 42 462
104 385 61 857 58 501 871 57 630 3 356 42 528
105 418 63 036 59 873 847 59 026 3 162 42 382
106 462 63 714 60 771 825 59 945 2 944 42 748
108 031 64 855 62 042 849 61 193 2 814 43 175
110 613 66 303 63 586 602 62 983 2 717 44 310
111 811 66 848 63 737 591 63 147 3 111 44 962
112 985 67 363 63 582 587 62 995 3 781 45 621
114 733 68 272 64 404 580 63 824 3 868 46 461
95 467 56 655 53 606 809 52 796 3 049 38 813
96 262 57 215 54 396 830 53 566 2 819 39 047
97 050 58 094 55 311 827 54 484 2 783 38 956
97 889 59 198 56 613 798 55 815 2 585 38 691
98 786 59 702 57 278 768 56 510 2 424 39 084
100 158 60 840 58 555 803 57 752 2 285 39 318
102 790 62 301 60 067 567 59 500 2 235 40 488
103 983 63 016 60 417 558 59 860 2 599 40 967
105 136 63 648 60 420 557 59 863 3 228 41 488
106 800 64 716 61 402 550 60 852 3 314 42 083
14 196 7 481 6 161 249 5 912 1 320 6 715
14 511 7 765 6 419 275 6 144 1 346 6 746
14 934 7 806 6 500 261 6 239 1 306 7 128
15 365 7 932 6 661 244 6 417 1 271 7 433
15 644 8 256 7 051 261 6 790 1 205 7 388
16 040 8 333 7 172 234 6 938 1 162 7 706
15 912 8 271 7 189 141 7 049 1 081 7 642
15 929 7 902 6 740 128 6 611 1 162 8 027
15 994 7 585 6 332 124 6 207 1 253 8 409
16 096 7 170 5 919 111 5 808 1 251 8 926
TOTAL CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONAL POPULATION Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
13
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
152 347 98 492 92 120 3 057 89 063 6 372 53 855
153 679 99 926 93 736 2 936 90 799 6 191 53 753
155 432 101 801 95 660 2 958 92 703 6 140 53 631
156 958 103 290 97 789 2 986 94 803 5 501 53 669
158 194 104 756 99 812 2 965 96 846 4 944 53 349
159 338 106 355 101 584 2 996 98 588 4 770 52 983
160 625 107 447 102 261 2 998 99 263 5 186 53 178
161 759 107 743 101 182 3 026 98 157 6 560 54 061
162 972 108 837 101 669 3 018 98 650 7 169 54 135
164 289 109 700 103 045 2 895 100 150 6 655 54 589
72 723 56 062 52 462 2 437 50 025 3 600 16 661
73 373 56 472 53 046 2 325 50 720 3 426 16 901
74 390 57 217 53 785 2 340 51 444 3 433 17 173
75 189 57 779 54 647 2 354 52 293 3 132 17 410
75 855 58 317 55 550 2 318 53 232 2 766 17 538
76 468 58 988 56 352 2 345 54 007 2 636 17 480
77 369 59 638 56 703 2 353 54 350 2 935 17 731
77 977 59 656 55 797 2 384 53 413 3 859 18 321
78 651 60 168 55 959 2 378 53 580 4 209 18 484
79 371 60 484 56 656 2 286 54 370 3 828 18 887
66 610 52 453 49 461 2 201 47 260 2 992 14 157
67 386 52 895 50 061 2 085 47 976 2 834 14 490
68 413 53 675 50 818 2 131 48 687 2 857 14 738
69 175 54 232 51 649 2 150 49 499 2 584 14 942
69 887 54 734 52 466 2 104 50 362 2 268 15 153
70 654 55 441 53 292 2 149 51 143 2 149 15 213
71 457 56 116 53 685 2 148 51 537 2 431 15 340
72 274 56 387 53 103 2 192 50 912 3 284 15 887
73 040 56 976 53 357 2 197 51 160 3 620 16 064
73 721 57 284 54 021 2 114 51 907 3 263 16 436
79 624 42 431 39 659 620 39 038 2 772 37 193
80 306 43 455 40 690 611 40 079 2 765 36 852
81 042 44 584 41 876 617 41 259 2 708 36 458
81 769 45 510 43 142 632 42 509 2 369 36 258
82 340 46 439 44 262 648 43 614 2 177 35 901
82 871 47 367 45 232 651 44 581 2 135 35 504
83 256 47 809 45 558 645 44 913 2 251 35 447
83 781 48 087 45 385 641 44 744 2 701 35 695
84 321 48 669 45 710 640 45 070 2 959 35 651
84 918 49 216 46 390 609 45 780 2 827 35 702
73 590 39 087 36 823 564 36 259 2 264 34 503
74 394 40 190 37 907 566 37 341 2 283 34 204
75 140 41 264 39 050 580 38 471 2 213 33 876
75 845 42 164 40 242 590 39 652 1 922 33 681
76 470 43 081 41 316 599 40 717 1 766 33 389
77 154 44 105 42 346 608 41 738 1 758 33 050
77 539 44 648 42 796 598 42 198 1 852 32 891
78 285 45 111 42 862 601 42 261 2 248 33 174
78 928 45 839 43 327 594 42 733 2 512 33 089
79 490 46 311 43 910 572 43 339 2 400 33 179
12 147 6 952 5 836 292 5 544 1 116 5 195
11 900 6 841 5 768 285 5 483 1 074 5 058
11 879 6 862 5 792 247 5 545 1 070 5 017
11 939 6 893 5 898 246 5 652 995 5 045
11 838 6 940 6 030 263 5 767 910 4 897
11 530 6 809 5 946 239 5 707 863 4 721
11 630 6 683 5 779 252 5 528 903 4 947
11 200 6 245 5 216 233 4 984 1 029 4 955
11 004 6 022 4 985 228 4 757 1 037 4 982
11 078 6 105 5 113 209 4 904 992 4 973
TOTAL, WHITE1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
14
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
165 555 111 082 105 190 3 162 102 027 5 892 54 473
166 914 111 950 106 490 3 194 103 296 5 459 54 965
168 317 113 108 107 808 3 276 104 532 5 300 55 209
169 993 114 693 109 856 3 208 106 648 4 836 55 301
171 478 115 415 110 931 3 160 107 770 4 484 56 064
173 085 116 509 112 235 3 083 109 152 4 273 56 577
176 220 118 545 114 424 2 320 112 104 4 121 57 675
178 111 119 399 114 430 2 174 112 256 4 969 58 713
179 783 120 150 114 013 2 171 111 841 6 137 59 633
181 292 120 546 114 235 2 148 112 087 6 311 60 746
80 059 60 727 57 452 2 347 55 104 3 275 19 332
80 733 61 146 58 146 2 347 55 800 2 999 19 587
81 489 61 783 58 888 2 436 56 452 2 896 19 706
82 577 62 639 59 998 2 389 57 608 2 641 19 938
83 352 63 034 60 604 2 376 58 228 2 431 20 317
83 930 63 413 61 139 2 273 58 866 2 274 20 517
85 370 64 466 62 289 1 743 60 546 2 177 20 905
86 452 64 966 62 212 1 606 60 606 2 754 21 486
87 361 65 308 61 849 1 611 60 238 3 459 22 053
88 249 65 509 61 866 1 597 60 269 3 643 22 740
74 311 57 411 54 676 2 151 52 525 2 735 16 900
74 879 57 719 55 254 2 132 53 122 2 465 17 161
75 454 58 340 55 977 2 224 53 753 2 363 17 114
76 320 59 126 56 986 2 201 54 785 2 140 17 194
76 966 59 421 57 500 2 182 55 319 1 920 17 545
77 432 59 747 57 934 2 094 55 839 1 813 17 685
78 966 60 850 59 119 1 640 57 479 1 731 18 116
80 029 61 519 59 245 1 512 57 733 2 275 18 510
80 922 62 067 59 124 1 519 57 605 2 943 18 855
81 860 62 473 59 348 1 517 57 831 3 125 19 386
85 496 50 356 47 738 815 46 923 2 617 35 141
86 181 50 804 48 344 847 47 497 2 460 35 377
86 828 51 325 48 920 840 48 080 2 404 35 503
87 417 52 054 49 859 819 49 040 2 195 35 363
88 126 52 380 50 327 784 49 543 2 053 35 746
89 156 53 096 51 096 810 50 286 1 999 36 060
90 850 54 079 52 136 578 51 558 1 944 36 770
91 660 54 433 52 218 568 51 650 2 215 37 227
92 422 54 842 52 164 560 51 604 2 678 37 581
93 043 55 037 52 369 551 51 818 2 668 38 006
79 980 47 314 45 116 772 44 344 2 197 32 666
80 567 47 686 45 643 799 44 844 2 042 32 881
81 041 48 162 46 164 798 45 366 1 998 32 879
81 492 48 847 47 063 771 46 292 1 784 32 645
82 073 49 029 47 342 729 46 612 1 688 33 044
82 953 49 714 48 098 765 47 333 1 616 33 239
84 718 50 740 49 145 546 48 599 1 595 33 978
85 526 51 218 49 369 537 48 831 1 849 34 308
86 266 51 717 49 448 532 48 916 2 269 34 548
86 905 52 099 49 823 522 49 301 2 276 34 806
11 264 6 357 5 398 239 5 158 960 4 907
11 468 6 545 5 593 262 5 331 952 4 923
11 822 6 607 5 667 254 5 413 939 5 215
12 181 6 720 5 807 236 5 571 912 5 462
12 439 6 965 6 089 250 5 839 876 5 475
12 700 7 048 6 204 224 5 980 844 5 652
12 535 6 955 6 160 135 6 025 795 5 581
12 556 6 661 5 817 125 5 692 845 5 894
12 596 6 366 5 441 121 5 320 925 6 230
12 527 5 973 5 064 109 4 955 909 6 554
TOTAL, WHITE1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ WHITE BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
15
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
TOTAL, BLACK1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
19 348 12 033 10 119 196 9 923 1 914 7 315
19 664 12 364 10 501 189 10 312 1 864 7 299
19 989 12 654 10 814 155 10 659 1 840 7 335
20 352 12 993 11 309 164 11 145 1 684 7 359
20 692 13 205 11 658 153 11 505 1 547 7 487
21 021 13 497 11 953 150 11 803 1 544 7 524
21 477 13 740 12 175 142 12 034 1 565 7 737
21 799 13 797 12 074 160 11 914 1 723 8 002
22 147 14 162 12 151 153 11 997 2 011 7 985
22 521 14 225 12 382 143 12 239 1 844 8 296
8 654 6 126 5 124 174 4 950 1 003 2 528
8 790 6 220 5 270 167 5 103 951 2 570
8 956 6 373 5 428 133 5 295 946 2 583
9 128 6 486 5 661 142 5 519 826 2 642
9 289 6 596 5 824 133 5 691 771 2 694
9 439 6 701 5 928 127 5 802 773 2 738
9 573 6 802 5 995 124 5 872 806 2 772
9 725 6 851 5 961 139 5 822 890 2 874
9 896 6 997 5 930 138 5 791 1 067 2 899
10 083 7 019 6 047 128 5 919 971 3 064
7 599 5 686 4 871 161 4 710 815 1 913
7 731 5 749 4 992 154 4 837 757 1 982
7 907 5 915 5 150 125 5 025 765 1 991
8 063 6 023 5 357 135 5 222 666 2 040
8 063 6 023 5 357 135 5 222 666 2 040
8 215 6 127 5 509 129 5 381 617 2 089
8 364 6 221 5 602 119 5 483 619 2 143
8 479 6 357 5 692 117 5 576 664 2 122
8 652 6 451 5 706 131 5 575 745 2 202
8 840 6 568 5 681 131 5 550 886 801
10 694 5 907 4 995 22 4 973 911 4 787
10 873 6 144 5 231 22 5 209 913 4 729
11 033 6 281 5 386 22 5 364 894 4 752
11 224 6 507 5 648 22 5 626 858 4 717
11 402 6 609 5 834 20 5 814 776 4 793
11 582 6 796 6 025 24 6 001 772 4 786
11 904 6 938 6 180 18 6 162 758 4 965
12 074 6 946 6 113 21 6 092 833 5 129
12 251 7 166 6 221 15 6 206 944 5 086
12 438 7 206 6 334 15 6 320 872 5 231
9 588 5 520 4 773 21 4 752 747 4 069
9 773 5 727 4 977 19 4 959 750 4 046
9 945 5 855 5 128 22 5 106 728 4 090
10 126 6 071 5 365 20 5 345 706 4 054
10 298 6 190 5 548 18 5 530 642 4 108
10 482 6 352 5 727 23 5 703 625 4 130
10 760 6 517 5 884 18 5 867 633 4 243
10 959 6 572 5 874 20 5 853 698 4 388
11 152 6 778 5 978 15 5 963 800 4 374
11 332 6 824 6 095 14 6 081 729 4 508
2 161 827 474 13 460 353 1 334
2 160 889 532 16 516 357 1 271
2 137 883 536 8 529 347 1 254
2 163 899 587 9 578 312 1 264
2 179 889 601 7 594 288 1 291
2 176 925 625 8 617 300 1 251
2 238 866 598 7 591 268 1 372
2 187 774 494 8 486 280 1 413
2 155 816 492 7 485 324 1 339
2 181 807 494 9 485 313 1 374
BLACK MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK, BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
16
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL, BLACK1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
22 879 14 502 12 835 136 12 699 1 666 8 377
23 246 14 817 13 279 101 13 178 1 538 8 429
23 604 15 134 13 542 98 13 444 1 592 8 470
24 003 15 529 13 969 117 13 852 1 560 8 474
24 373 15 982 14 556 138 14 417 1 426 8 391
24 855 16 365 15 056 117 14 939 1 309 8 490
24 902 16 397 15 156 77 15 079 1 241 8 505
25 138 16 421 15 006 62 14 944 1 416 8 717
25 578 16 565 14 872 69 14 804 1 693 9 013
25 686 16 526 14 739 63 14 676 1 787 9 161
10 258 7 089 6 241 118 6 122 848 3 169
10 411 7 183 6 422 93 6 329 762 3 228
10 575 7 264 6 456 86 6 371 808 3 311
10 763 7 354 6 607 103 6 504 747 3 409
10 927 7 542 6 871 118 6 752 671 3 386
11 143 7 652 7 027 99 6 952 671 3 386
11 129 7 702 7 082 67 7 015 620 3 427
11 172 7 647 6 938 56 6 882 709 3 525
11 391 7 794 6 959 63 6 896 835 3 597
11 454 7 711 6 820 52 6 768 891 3 743
9 171 6 646 5 964 115 5 849 682 2 525
9 280 6 730 6 137 89 6 048 593 2 550
9 414 6 806 6 167 83 6 084 639 2 608
9 575 6 910 6 325 101 6 224 585 2 665
9 727 7 053 6 530 112 6 418 524 2 673
9 926 7 182 6 702 96 6 606 480 2 743
9 952 7 240 6 741 67 6 675 499 2 711
9 993 7 200 6 627 55 55 573 2 792
10 196 7 347 6 652 62 6 591 695 2 848
10 278 7 346 6 586 51 6 535 760 2 932
12 621 7 413 6 595 18 6 577 818 5 208
12 835 7 634 6 857 8 6 849 777 5 201
13 029 7 869 7 086 13 7 073 784 5 159
13 241 8 175 7 362 14 7 348 813 5 066
13 446 8 441 7 685 20 7 665 756 5 005
13 711 8 713 8 029 18 8 011 684 4 999
13 772 8 695 8 073 10 8 064 621 5 078
13 966 8 774 8 068 6 8 062 706 5 192
14 187 8 772 7 914 6 7 907 858 5 415
14 232 8 815 7 919 11 7 908 895 5 418
11 496 7 004 6 320 17 6 303 685 4 492
11 682 7 175 6 556 7 6 548 620 4 507
11 833 7 405 6 762 12 6 749 643 4 428
12 016 7 686 7 013 13 7 000 673 4 330
12 023 7 912 7 290 19 7 272 622 4 291
12 451 8 224 7 663 17 7 646 561 4 226
12 561 8 215 7 703 9 7 694 512 4 346
12 758 8 323 7 741 6 7 735 582 4 434
12 966 8 348 7 610 5 7 604 738 4 618
13 026 8 409 7 636 10 7 626 772 4 618
2 211 852 552 1 547 300 1 360
2 284 911 586 5 581 325 1 372
2 356 923 613 3 611 310 1 434
2 412 933 631 3 611 310 1 434
2 443 1 017 736 8 728 281 1 427
2 479 959 691 4 687 268 1 520
2 389 941 711 1 710 230 1 448
2 388 898 637 1 637 260 1 490
2 416 870 611 2 609 260 1 546
2 382 771 516 1 516 255 1 611
BLACK MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ BLACK, BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
17
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
TOTAL, HISPANIC Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
11 478 7 451 6 651 341 6 310 800 4 027
11 915 7 698 6 888 302 6 586 811 4 217
12 344 8 076 7 219 329 6 890 857 4 268
12 867 8 541 7 790 398 7 391 751 4 327
13 325 8 982 8 250 407 7 843 732 4 342
13 791 9 323 8 573 440 8 133 750 4 468
15 904 10 720 9 845 517 9 328 876 5 184
16 425 10 920 9 828 512 9 315 1 092 5 506
16 961 11 338 10 027 524 9 503 1 311 5 623
17 532 11 610 10 361 523 9 838 1 248 5 922
5 661 4 563 4 083 296 3 787 480 1 098
5 885 4 729 4 245 264 3 981 483 1 157
6 106 4 948 4 428 287 4 140 520 1 158
6 371 5 163 4 713 351 4 361 451 1 208
6 604 5 409 4 972 356 4 616 437 1 195
6 825 5 595 5 172 393 4 779 423 1 230
8 041 6 546 6 021 449 5 572 524 1 495
8 296 6 664 5 979 453 5 526 685 1 632
8 553 6 900 6 093 468 5 625 807 1 654
8 824 7 076 6 328 469 5 860 747 1 749
5 005 4 218 3 825 271 3 554 393 787
5 232 4 395 3 994 239 3 754 401 837
5 451 4 612 4 174 263 3 911 438 839
5 700 4 818 4 444 327 4 118 374 882
5 921 5 031 4 680 327 4 353 351 890
6 114 5 195 4 853 366 4 487 342 919
7 126 6 034 5 609 415 5 195 425 1 092
7 392 6 198 5 623 419 5 204 575 1 194
7 655 6 432 5 757 437 5 320 675 1 223
7 930 6 621 5 992 441 5 551 629 1 309
5 816 2 888 2 568 46 2 522 320 2 929
6 029 2 970 2 642 38 2 604 327 3 059
6 238 3 128 2 791 42 2 749 337 3 110
6 496 3 377 3 077 47 3 030 300 3 119
6 721 3 573 3 278 51 3 227 296 3 147
6 965 3 728 3 401 48 3 353 327 3 237
7 863 4 174 3 823 68 3 755 351 3 689
8 130 4 256 3 848 59 3 789 407 3 874
8 408 4 439 3 934 57 3 877 504 3 969
8 708 4 534 4 033 55 3 978 501 4 174
5 173 2 725 2 357 37 2 320 258 2 558
5 385 2 893 2 456 31 2 424 269 2 660
5 591 3 112 2 615 39 2 576 278 2 698
5 835 3 281 2 872 45 2 827 241 2 723
6 050 3 448 3 047 49 2 998 234 2 769
6 278 3 857 3 172 44 3 128 276 2 830
7 041 3 941 3 567 62 3 505 289 3 184
7 301 4 110 3 603 53 3 549 339 3 360
7 569 4 218 3 693 51 3 642 418 3 459
7 846 4 421 3 800 49 3 751 418 3 628
1 300 618 468 34 435 149 682
1 298 579 438 31 407 141 719
1 302 571 430 27 403 141 730
1 332 610 474 27 447 136 722
1 354 671 523 32 492 148 683
1 399 680 548 31 517 132 719
1 737 829 668 40 628 161 907
1 732 781 602 41 562 179 951
1 737 796 577 36 541 219 941
1 756 771 570 33 537 201 985
HISPANIC MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
18
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1984–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL, HISPANIC Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
18 117 11 975 10 788 560 10 227 1 187 6 142
18 629 12 267 11 127 604 10 524 1 140 6 362
19 213 12 774 11 642 609 11 033 1 132 6 439
20 321 13 796 12 726 660 12 067 1 069 6 526
21 070 14 317 13 291 742 12 549 1 026 6 753
21 650 14 665 13 720 734 12 986 945 6 985
23 938 16 689 15 735 536 15 199 954 7 249
24 942 17 328 16 190 423 15 767 1 138 7 614
25 963 17 943 16 590 448 16 141 1 353 8 020
27 551 18 813 17 372 446 16 927 1 441 8 738
9 104 7 210 6 530 494 6 036 680 1 894
9 329 7 376 6 725 527 6 198 651 1 952
9 604 7 646 7 039 537 6 502 607 1 957
10 368 8 309 7 728 571 7 157 582 2 059
10 734 8 571 8 018 651 7 367 552 2 164
10 713 8 546 8 067 642 7 425 480 2 167
12 174 9 923 9 428 449 8 979 494 2 252
12 695 10 279 9 668 345 9 323 611 2 416
13 221 10 609 9 845 361 9 484 764 2 613
14 098 11 288 10 479 350 10 129 809 2 810
8 178 6 747 6 189 466 5 722 558 1 431
8 375 6 898 6 367 501 5 866 530 1 477
8 611 7 150 6 655 510 6 145 495 1 461
9 250 7 779 7 307 544 6 763 471 1 471
9 573 8 005 7 570 621 6 949 436 1 568
9 523 7 950 7 576 602 6 974 374 1 573
10 841 9 247 8 859 423 8 435 388 1 595
11 386 9 595 9 100 328 8 773 495 1 791
11 928 9 977 9 341 345 8 996 636 1 951
12 797 10 756 10 063 336 9 727 693 2 041
9 014 4 765 4 258 66 4 191 508 4 248
9 300 4 891 4 403 76 4 326 488 4 409
9 610 5 128 4 602 72 4 531 525 4 482
9 953 5 486 4 999 89 4 910 488 4 466
10 335 5 746 5 273 91 5 182 473 4 589
10 937 6 119 5 653 92 5 561 466 4 819
11 764 6 767 6 307 87 6 220 460 4 997
12 247 7 049 6 522 77 6 445 527 5 198
12 742 7 334 6 744 87 6 657 590 5 408
13 452 7 525 6 894 96 6 798 631 5 928
8 122 4 520 3 989 61 3 928 431 3 701
8 382 4 779 4 116 72 4 044 404 3 863
8 654 5 106 4 341 69 4 272 438 3 875
8 950 5 304 4 705 83 4 622 401 3 845
9 292 5 666 4 928 85 4 843 376 3 988
9 821 6 275 5 290 88 5 202 376 4 155
10 574 6 557 5 903 81 5 822 371 4 299
11 049 6 863 6 121 73 6 048 436 4 492
11 528 7 096 6 367 84 6 283 496 4 666
12 211 7 096 6 541 91 6 450 555 5 114
1 818 807 609 32 577 198 1 010
1 872 850 645 31 614 205 1 022
1 948 845 646 29 617 199 1 103
2 121 911 714 33 682 197 1 210
2 204 1 007 793 36 757 214 1 197
2 307 1 049 854 45 809 196 1 257
2 523 1 168 973 31 942 194 1 355
2 508 1 176 969 22 947 208 1 331
2 507 1 103 882 19 863 221 1 404
2 543 960 768 19 749 192 1 583
HISPANIC MEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC MEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OLDER Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................ HISPANIC BOTH SEXES, 16–19 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
19
Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2003 (Thousands of people.) Men Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Women
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
TOTAL: SINGLE 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
23 328 23 662 23 947 24 572 24 831
17 208 17 553 17 772 18 345 18 738
15 022 15 407 15 794 16 521 16 936
2 186 2 146 1 978 1 824 1 801
19 768 20 113 20 596 20 961 21 141
13 163 13 512 13 885 14 194 14 377
11 758 12 071 12 561 12 979 13 175
1 404 1 442 1 323 1 215 1 202
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
25 870 26 197 26 436 26 570 26 786
19 357 19 411 19 709 19 706 19 786
17 405 17 011 17 098 17 261 17 604
1 952 2 400 2 611 2 445 2 181
21 901 22 173 22 475 22 713 23 000
14 612 14 681 14 872 15 031 15 333
13 336 13 198 13 263 13 484 13 847
1 276 1 482 1 609 1 547 1 486
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
26 918 27 387 28 311 28 693 29 104
19 841 20 071 20 689 21 037 21 351
17 833 18 055 18 783 19 240 19 686
2 007 2 016 1 906 1 798 1 665
23 151 23 623 24 285 24 941 25 576
15 467 15 842 16 492 17 087 17 575
14 053 14 403 15 037 15 755 16 267
1 413 1 439 1 455 1 332 1 308
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
29 887 30 646 31 072 31 691
22 002 22 285 22 289 22 297
20 339 20 298 19 983 19 841
1 663 1 988 2 306 2 457
25 920 26 462 26 999 27 802
17 849 18 021 18 203 18 397
16 628 16 635 16 583 16 723
1 221 1 386 1 621 1 674
1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
52 128 52 769 53 223 53 246 53 530
41 014 41 477 41 889 41 832 42 036
39 248 39 658 40 265 40 472 40 760
1 767 1 819 1 625 1 360 1 276
51 832 52 158 52 532 52 775 52 885
27 894 28 623 29 381 29 921 30 548
26 336 27 144 28 107 28 756 29 404
1 558 1 479 1 273 1 166 1 145
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
53 793 54 158 54 509 55 178 55 560
42 275 42 303 42 491 42 834 43 005
40 829 40 429 40 341 40 935 41 414
1 446 1 875 2 150 1 899 1 592
52 917 53 169 53 501 53 838 54 155
30 901 31 112 31 700 31 980 32 888
29 714 29 698 30 100 30 499 31 536
1 188 1 415 1 600 1 482 1 352
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
56 100 56 363 56 396 56 670 57 089
43 472 43 739 43 808 43 957 44 244
42 048 42 417 42 642 42 923 43 254
1 424 1 322 1 167 1 034 990
54 716 54 970 54 915 55 331 56 178
33 359 33 618 33 802 33 857 34 372
32 063 32 406 32 755 32 872 33 450
1 296 1 211 1 047 985 921
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
58 167 58 448 59 102 60 063
44 987 45 233 45 766 46 404
44 078 44 007 44 116 44 653
908 1 226 1 650 1 751
57 557 57 610 58 165 59 069
35 146 35 236 35 477 36 046
34 209 34 153 34 153 34 695
937 1 083 1 323 1 352
1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
9 013 9 367 9 729 10 039 10 401
6 190 6 392 6 546 6 751 7 066
5 621 5 827 6 048 6 280 6 618
568 565 498 471 448
22 136 22 518 22 726 23 020 23 604
9 993 10 277 10 393 10 627 11 104
9 165 9 491 9 665 9 962 10 448
828 787 727 665 656
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
10 714 10 924 11 325 11 584 12 008
7 378 7 454 7 763 7 864 8 026
6 871 6 783 7 001 7 153 7 432
508 671 762 711 594
23 968 24 304 24 559 24 955 25 304
11 315 11 385 11 570 11 784 12 018
10 639 10 600 10 689 10 927 11 227
676 786 881 856 791
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
12 160 12 456 13 009 13 394 13 528
8 047 8 277 8 764 8 965 8 918
7 496 7 735 8 260 8 530 8 507
551 541 504 435 411
25 539 25 791 26 218 26 190 26 276
12 118 12 397 12 742 12 771 12 909
11 407 11 691 12 082 12 143 12 324
712 706 660 628 585
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
13 910 14 188 14 411 14 680
9 291 9 367 9 445 9 537
8 888 8 892 8 804 8 838
403 476 641 699
27 135 27 738 27 821 27 862
13 308 13 592 13 683 13 828
12 748 12 949 12 846 12 986
559 642 837 842
TOTAL: MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT
TOTAL: DIVORCED, WIDOWED OR SEPARATED
20
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) Men Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Women
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
WHITE: SINGLE1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
19 100 19 316 19 526 19 966 20 076
14 426 14 672 14 850 15 279 15 511
12 875 13 162 13 449 13 982 14 249
1 550 1 510 1 401 1 297 1 263
15 472 15 686 15 990 16 218 16 289
10 705 10 965 11 196 11 428 11 474
9 828 10 060 10 382 10 674 10 741
877 906 815 754 734
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
20 746 20 899 21 025 20 974 21 071
15 993 15 989 16 129 16 033 16 074
14 617 14 233 14 285 14 303 14 539
1 376 1 756 1 844 1 730 1 535
16 555 16 569 16 684 16 768 16 936
11 522 11 497 11 502 11 613 11 805
10 729 10 557 10 526 10 633 10 885
794 939 976 980 920
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
21 132 21 454 22 236 22 513 22 788
16 080 16 285 16 810 17 007 17 272
14 674 14 891 15 507 15 746 16 116
1 406 1 394 1 303 1 261 1 157
17 046 17 282 17 728 18 247 18 635
11 830 11 977 12 322 12 742 13 029
10 967 11 099 11 443 11 945 12 206
864 878 879 797 823
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
23 266 23 979 24 289 24 419
17 659 17 970 17 924 17 755
16 504 16 561 16 289 16 031
1 154 1 409 1 635 1 723
18 808 19 253 19 625 19 924
13 215 13 368 13 556 13 462
12 449 12 491 12 550 12 461
766 877 1 006 1 001
1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
46 925 47 399 47 690 47 685 47 883
36 934 37 230 37 486 37 429 37 589
35 472 35 727 36 127 36 304 36 545
1 462 1 503 1 359 1 125 1 044
46 728 46 892 47 180 47 364 47 382
24 777 25 368 26 014 26 499 27 030
23 468 24 141 24 969 25 540 26 083
1 308 1 226 1 045 959 947
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
47 841 48 137 48 416 48 937 49 169
37 515 37 507 37 671 37 953 38 008
36 338 35 923 35 886 36 396 36 719
1 177 1 585 1 785 1 557 1 288
47 240 47 456 47 705 47 944 48 120
27 271 27 479 27 951 28 221 29 017
26 285 26 290 26 623 26 993 27 888
986 1 189 1 329 1 228 1 129
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
49 597 49 800 49 719 49 901 50 091
38 376 38 616 38 593 38 629 38 765
37 211 37 522 37 636 37 793 37 968
1 165 1 094 957 836 797
48 497 48 684 48 542 48 722 49 296
29 360 29 517 29 664 29 534 29 806
28 290 28 496 28 809 28 727 29 056
1 070 1 020 855 808 749
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
50 775 50 850 51 284 51 859
39 169 39 246 39 580 39 908
38 451 38 265 38 261 38 529
717 981 1 319 1 379
50 194 50 077 50 489 50 957
30 344 30 336 30 511 30 805
29 582 29 472 29 463 29 740
762 864 1 048 1 065
1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
7 348 7 675 7 974 8 204 8 509
5 112 5 315 5 443 5 608 5 887
4 698 4 896 5 070 5 265 5 558
414 420 373 344 329
18 106 18 463 18 599 18 758 19 200
7 973 8 251 8 300 8 512 8 863
7 393 7 675 7 791 8 047 8 409
580 576 509 464 454
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
8 782 8 941 9 210 9 459 9 819
6 131 6 159 6 368 6 498 6 644
5 748 5 641 5 788 5 957 6 193
382 518 580 541 451
19 461 19 757 19 931 20 206 20 439
9 016 9 111 9 216 9 382 9 533
8 544 8 538 8 561 8 764 8 965
471 573 654 618 569
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
10 005 10 234 10 622 10 937 11 050
6 689 6 883 7 236 7 398 7 375
6 261 6 474 6 855 7 064 7 056
428 408 382 334 320
20 638 20 862 21 147 21 157 21 225
9 613 9 831 10 068 10 104 10 261
9 087 9 325 9 607 9 656 9 834
526 506 461 449 427
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
11 329 11 623 11 789 11 971
7 638 7 750 7 804 7 846
7 333 7 386 7 299 7 305
305 364 505 541
21 847 22 330 22 308 22 162
10 521 10 729 10 775 10 769
10 105 10 255 10 151 10 168
416 474 624 602
WHITE: MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT1
WHITE: DIVORCED, WIDOWED OR SEPARATED1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
21
Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) Men Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Women
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
BLACK AND OTHER: SINGLE1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
4 228 4 345 4 421 4 606 4 755
2 782 2 881 2 922 3 066 3 227
2 147 2 245 2 345 2 539 2 687
635 636 577 527 538
4 297 4 427 4 606 4 743 4 852
2 458 2 547 2 688 2 766 2 903
1 930 2 011 2 179 2 304 2 434
528 536 509 461 468
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
5 124 5 298 5 411 5 596 5 715
3 364 3 422 3 580 3 673 3 712
2 788 2 778 2 813 2 958 3 065
576 644 767 715 646
5 346 5 604 5 791 5 945 6 064
3 090 3 184 3 370 3 418 3 528
2 607 2 641 2 737 2 851 2 962
482 543 633 567 566
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
5 786 5 933 6 075 6 180 6 316
3 761 3 786 3 879 4 030 4 079
3 159 3 164 3 276 3 494 3 570
601 622 603 537 508
6 105 6 341 6 557 6 694 6 941
3 637 3 865 4 170 4 345 4 546
3 086 3 304 3 594 3 810 4 061
549 561 576 535 485
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
6 621 6 667 6 783 7 272
4 343 4 315 4 365 4 542
3 835 3 737 3 694 3 810
509 579 671 734
7 112 7 209 7 374 7 878
4 634 4 653 4 647 4 935
4 179 4 144 4 033 4 262
455 509 615 673
1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
5 203 5 370 5 534 5 560 5 647
4 080 4 247 4 403 4 403 4 447
3 775 3 931 4 137 4 168 4 215
305 316 266 234 232
5 104 5 266 5 352 5 411 5 503
3 118 3 255 3 367 3 422 3 518
2 868 3 003 3 138 3 215 3 321
250 253 228 207 198
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
5 952 6 021 6 093 6 241 6 391
4 760 4 796 4 820 4 881 4 997
4 491 4 506 4 455 4 539 4 695
269 290 365 342 304
5 677 5 713 5 796 5 894 6 035
3 630 3 633 3 749 3 759 3 871
3 429 3 408 3 477 3 506 3 648
202 226 271 254 223
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
6 503 6 563 6 677 6 769 6 998
5 096 5 123 5 215 5 328 5 479
4 837 4 895 5 006 5 130 5 286
259 228 210 198 193
6 219 6 286 6 373 6 609 6 882
3 999 4 101 4 138 4 323 4 566
3 773 3 910 3 946 4 145 4 394
226 191 192 177 172
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
7 392 7 598 7 818 8 204
5 818 5 987 6 186 6 496
5 627 5 742 5 855 6 124
191 245 331 372
7 363 7 533 7 676 8 112
4 802 4 900 4 966 5 241
4 627 4 681 4 690 4 955
175 219 275 287
1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
1 665 1 692 1 755 1 836 1 892
1 078 1 076 1 103 1 142 1 179
923 931 977 1 015 1 060
155 146 125 127 119
4 030 4 055 4 127 4 262 4 404
2 020 2 026 2 093 2 115 2 241
1 772 1 816 1 875 1 914 2 039
248 210 218 201 202
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
1 932 1 983 2 115 2 125 2 189
1 247 1 295 1 395 1 366 1 382
1 123 1 142 1 213 1 196 1 239
126 153 182 170 143
4 507 4 547 4 628 4 749 4 865
2 299 2 274 2 354 2 402 2 485
2 095 2 062 2 128 2 163 2 262
205 213 227 238 222
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
2 155 2 222 2 387 2 457 2 478
1 358 1 394 1 528 1 567 1 543
1 235 1 261 1 405 1 466 1 451
123 133 122 101 91
4 901 4 929 5 071 5 033 5 051
2 505 2 566 2 674 2 667 2 648
2 320 2 366 2 475 2 487 2 490
186 200 199 179 158
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................
2 581 2 565 2 622 2 709
1 653 1 617 1 641 1 691
1 555 1 506 1 505 1 533
98 112 136 158
5 288 5 408 5 513 5 700
2 787 2 863 2 908 3 059
2 643 2 694 2 695 2 818
143 168 213 240
BLACK AND OTHER: MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT1
BLACK AND OTHER: DIVORCED, WIDOWED OR SEPARATED1
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
22
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-5. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Region, Division, and State, 2002–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) 2002 Region, division, and state
UNITED STATES 1 .................
Civilian noninstitutional population
2003
Civilian labor force Total
217 570 144 863
Participation Employed Unemployed rate
Unemployment rate
66.6
136 485
8 378
5.8
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
221 168 146 510
Participation Employed Unemployed rate
Unemployment rate
66.2
137 736
8 774
6.0
Northeast ............................... New England .......................... Connecticut ......................... Maine .................................. Massachusetts .................... New Hampshire .................. Rhode Island ...................... Vermont .............................. Middle Atlantic ........................ New Jersey ......................... New York ............................ Pennsylvania ......................
41 960 11 007 2 651 1 025 5 018 990 835 489 30 953 6 563 14 789 9 601
27 531 7 548 1 792 680 3 467 706 553 349 19 984 4 353 9 345 6 286
65.6 68.6 67.6 66.3 69.1 71.3 66.2 71.4 64.6 66.3 63.2 65.5
25 984 7 182 1 714 650 3 283 673 525 336 18 803 4 099 8 773 5 930
1 547 366 78 30 184 33 28 13 1 181 254 572 356
5.6 4.8 4.3 4.4 5.3 4.7 5.1 3.7 5.9 5.8 6.1 5.7
42 264 11 092 2 680 1 039 5 028 1 005 844 494 31 173 6 619 14 891 9 663
27 415 7 554 1 803 693 3 416 719 573 351 19 860 4 375 9 315 6 170
64.9 68.1 67.3 66.7 67.9 71.5 67.9 71.1 63.7 66.1 62.6 63.9
25 815 7 145 1 704 658 3 217 688 543 335 18 671 4 118 8 726 5 826
1 599 409 99 35 198 31 30 16 1 190 257 589 344
5.8 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.8 4.3 5.3 4.6 6.0 5.9 6.3 5.6
Midwest ................................. East North Central .................. Illinois .................................. Indiana ................................ Michigan ............................. Ohio .................................... Wisconsin ........................... West North Central ................. Iowa .................................... Kansas ................................ Minnesota ........................... Missouri .............................. Nebraska ............................ North Dakota ...................... South Dakota ......................
49 563 34 723 9 510 4 648 7 650 8 729 4 186 14 841 2 271 2 035 3 851 4 318 1 305 489 571
34 099 23 411 6 369 3 170 5 001 5 847 3 025 10 689 1 663 1 410 2 915 2 982 956 344 419
68.8 67.4 67.0 68.2 65.4 67.0 72.3 72.0 73.2 69.3 75.7 69.1 73.3 70.3 73.4
32 222 22 025 5 955 3 007 4 691 5 515 2 858 10 196 1 596 1 338 2 787 2 818 921 330 406
1 878 1 386 414 163 310 332 167 492 67 72 128 164 34 14 13
5.5 5.9 6.5 5.1 6.2 5.7 5.5 4.6 4.0 5.1 4.4 5.5 3.6 4.0 3.1
49 929 34 963 9 583 4 679 7 706 8 771 4 224 14 966 2 286 2 049 3 896 4 352 1 318 490 576
34 291 23 553 6 330 3 188 5 042 5 915 3 078 10 737 1 612 1 434 2 923 3 021 976 346 425
68.7 67.4 66.1 68.1 65.4 67.4 72.9 71.7 70.5 70.0 75.0 69.4 74.1 70.6 73.8
32 267 22 063 5 908 3 024 4 674 5 552 2 905 10 204 1 540 1 357 2 778 2 850 937 333 410
2 024 1 491 422 163 368 363 174 533 72 77 145 170 39 14 15
5.9 6.3 6.7 5.1 7.3 6.1 5.6 5.0 4.5 5.4 5.0 5.6 4.0 4.0 3.6
South ..................................... South Atlantic ......................... Delaware ............................ District of Columbia ............ Florida ................................. Georgia ............................... Maryland ............................. North Carolina .................... South Carolina .................... Virginia ................................ West Virginia ...................... East South Central ................. Alabama ............................. Kentucky ............................. Mississippi .......................... Tennessee .......................... West South Central ................ Arkansas ............................. Louisiana ............................ Oklahoma ........................... Texas ..................................
77 583 40 706 617 458 12 943 6 318 4 124 6 254 3 105 5 451 1 435 13 126 3 419 3 129 2 126 4 451 23 752 2 054 3 324 2 622 15 753
50 551 26 642 420 303 8 095 4 280 2 897 4 166 1 944 3 733 804 8 248 2 095 1 932 1 292 2 928 15 661 1 281 1 998 1 695 10 686
65.2 65.4 68.1 66.2 62.5 67.7 70.2 66.6 62.6 68.5 56.0 62.8 61.3 61.7 60.8 65.8 65.9 62.4 60.1 64.6 67.8
47 711 25 218 402 284 7 653 4 060 2 771 3 885 1 828 3 581 755 7 778 1 971 1 824 1 204 2 779 14 715 1 212 1 876 1 618 10 009
2 840 1 424 18 19 443 220 126 281 116 152 49 470 124 108 88 150 946 70 123 76 677
5.6 5.3 4.2 6.4 5.5 5.1 4.4 6.7 6.0 4.1 6.1 5.7 5.9 5.6 6.8 5.1 6.0 5.4 6.1 4.5 6.3
78 692 41 345 625 454 13 211 6 431 4 181 6 328 3 142 5 532 1 442 13 235 3 442 3 153 2 138 4 501 24 112 2 071 3 348 2 646 16 047
51 228 26 995 417 302 8 164 4 414 2 904 4 230 2 003 3 773 787 8 325 2 147 1 956 1 312 2 909 15 908 1 265 2 037 1 696 10 910
65.1 65.3 66.7 66.5 61.8 68.6 69.5 66.8 63.7 68.2 54.6 62.9 62.4 62.0 61.4 64.6 66.0 61.1 60.8 64.1 68.0
48 277 25 586 399 281 7 744 4 207 2 773 3 957 1 866 3 620 739 7 828 2 023 1 836 1 229 2 740 14 863 1 186 1 904 1 600 10 173
2 951 1 409 18 21 420 207 131 273 136 154 48 497 125 120 83 169 1 045 78 134 96 738
5.8 5.2 4.4 7.0 5.1 4.7 4.5 6.5 6.8 4.1 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.2 6.3 5.8 6.6 6.2 6.6 5.7 6.8
West ....................................... Mountain ................................. Arizona ............................... Colorado ............................. Idaho ................................... Montana .............................. Nevada ............................... New Mexico ........................ Utah .................................... Wyoming ............................. Pacific ..................................... Alaska ................................. California ............................ Hawaii ................................. Oregon ................................ Washington .........................
48 903 14 137 4 027 3 393 991 705 1 626 1 378 1 634 383 34 766 450 26 040 927 2 726 4 624
32 948 9 693 2 667 2 437 686 464 1 129 875 1 165 270 23 256 324 17 376 606 1 840 3 109
67.4 68.6 66.2 71.8 69.2 65.8 69.4 63.5 71.3 70.5 66.9 72.0 66.7 65.4 67.5 67.2
30 813 9 135 2 503 2 298 646 442 1 066 828 1 094 259 21 678 299 16 215 581 1 701 2 883
2 135 558 165 140 40 21 62 48 71 11 1 577 25 1 161 26 139 227
6.5 5.8 6.2 5.7 5.8 4.6 5.5 5.4 6.1 4.2 6.8 7.7 6.7 4.2 7.5 7.3
49 792 14 433 4 131 3 440 1 013 714 1 686 1 401 1 660 387 35 359 459 26 490 944 2 770 4 697
33 245 9 837 2 690 2 478 693 475 1 141 897 1 184 278 23 409 332 17 460 618 1 859 3 140
66.8 68.2 65.1 72.0 68.4 66.5 67.7 64.0 71.3 71.8 66.2 72.3 65.9 65.5 67.1 66.9
31 070 9 281 2 539 2 328 655 452 1 082 840 1 118 266 21 789 305 16 283 592 1 707 2 903
2 176 556 151 150 37 22 59 57 67 12 1 620 27 1 177 27 152 237
6.5 5.7 5.6 6.0 5.4 4.7 5.2 6.4 5.6 4.4 6.9 8.0 6.7 4.3 8.2 7.5
Puerto Rico 2 ...........................
2 934
1 356
46.2
1 190
166
12.3
2 980
1 393
46.7
1 226
167
12.0
Note: Region and division data are derived from summing the component states. Sub-national data except for Puerto Rico incorporate updated Census 2000-based population controls. 1Because of 2The source
separate processing and weighing procedures, totals for the United States differ from the results obtained by aggregating data for regions, divisions, or states. of these data is the Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
23
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
TOTAL 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
103 068 103 994
8 449 8 215
4 265 4 139
4 185 4 079
94 618 95 778
11 530 11 312
22 610 22 822
20 097 20 401
16 771 17 002
12 885 13 201
10 720 11 035
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
104 995 104 621 105 231 107 056 108 321
8 143 7 865 7 922 8 014 8 224
4 076 4 096 4 234 4 241 4 336
4 068 3 771 3 689 3 773 3 889
96 851 96 755 97 305 99 041 100 095
11 080 10 167 9 389 8 960 8 885
23 013 22 843 23 044 23 266 23 304
20 681 20 863 21 137 21 922 22 135
17 240 17 464 17 716 17 991 18 305
13 469 13 692 13 889 13 830 14 085
11 363 11 724 12 126 13 075 13 375
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
109 683 110 954 112 265 113 727 115 329
8 364 8 434 8 612 8 986 9 618
4 440 4 482 4 587 4 872 5 337
3 925 3 953 4 026 4 114 4 282
101 318 102 518 103 653 104 737 105 711
9 036 9 271 9 486 9 733 9 975
23 249 23 072 22 849 22 563 22 201
22 348 22 567 22 786 23 025 23 207
18 643 19 012 19 424 19 832 20 203
14 309 14 516 14 727 14 923 15 134
13 728 14 075 14 376 14 657 14 985
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
117 245 118 771 120 153 122 416 124 485
10 187 10 513 10 652 11 370 12 111
5 573 5 462 5 503 6 301 6 974
4 615 5 052 5 150 5 070 5 139
107 056 108 255 109 500 111 045 112 372
10 273 10 583 10 852 11 464 12 017
21 998 21 829 21 503 21 400 21 367
23 437 23 585 23 797 23 948 23 940
20 601 20 893 20 916 21 144 21 452
15 409 15 675 15 874 16 138 16 442
15 336 15 685 16 554 16 945 17 150
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
126 513 128 058 129 874 132 028 134 335
12 930 13 592 13 480 13 698 14 095
6 936 6 914 7 003 7 200 7 422
5 995 6 679 6 480 6 499 6 673
113 582 114 463 116 391 118 328 120 238
12 442 12 638 13 421 13 891 14 488
21 417 21 543 22 057 22 912 23 645
23 832 23 579 23 313 23 036 22 709
21 728 21 977 22 256 22 534 22 806
16 727 17 007 17 310 17 614 17 930
17 432 17 715 18 029 18 338 18 657
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
137 085 140 216 144 126 147 096 150 120
14 519 15 022 15 510 15 840 16 180
7 643 7 849 8 076 8 227 8 373
6 876 7 173 7 435 7 613 7 809
122 566 125 193 128 614 131 253 133 938
15 323 16 345 17 143 17 692 17 994
24 435 25 337 26 740 28 172 29 439
22 489 22 274 22 358 22 287 22 461
23 059 23 244 23 338 23 431 23 578
18 250 18 581 19 007 19 281 19 517
19 007 19 406 20 023 20 389 20 945
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
153 153 156 150 159 033 161 910 164 863
16 418 16 614 16 688 16 695 16 657
8 419 8 442 8 482 8 484 8 389
7 999 8 171 8 206 8 211 8 268
136 733 139 536 142 345 145 216 148 205
18 595 19 109 19 582 20 007 20 353
30 710 31 953 33 117 34 091 35 261
22 526 22 796 23 296 24 099 24 861
23 535 23 409 23 197 22 977 22 752
19 844 20 185 20 557 20 875 21 210
21 525 22 083 22 597 23 166 23 767
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
167 745 170 130 172 271 174 215 176 383
16 543 16 214 15 763 15 274 14 735
8 279 8 068 7 714 7 385 7 196
8 264 8 145 8 049 7 889 7 538
151 202 153 916 156 508 158 941 161 648
20 635 20 820 20 845 20 799 20 688
36 558 37 777 38 492 39 147 39 999
25 578 26 291 27 611 28 932 30 251
22 563 22 422 22 264 22 167 22 226
21 520 21 756 21 909 22 003 22 052
24 350 24 850 25 387 25 892 26 433
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
178 206 180 587 182 753 184 613 186 393
14 506 14 496 14 606 14 527 14 223
7 232 7 386 7 501 7 284 6 886
7 274 7 110 7 104 7 243 7 338
163 700 166 091 168 147 170 085 172 169
20 097 19 569 18 970 18 434 18 025
40 670 41 731 42 297 42 611 42 845
31 379 32 550 33 755 34 784 35 977
22 418 22 732 23 183 24 004 24 744
22 140 22 011 21 835 21 641 21 406
26 997 27 497 28 108 28 612 29 173
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
189 164 190 925 192 805 194 838 196 814
14 520 14 073 13 840 13 935 14 196
6 893 6 901 6 907 7 010 7 245
7 626 7 173 6 933 6 925 6 951
174 644 176 852 178 965 180 903 182 619
18 902 18 963 18 846 18 642 18 353
42 976 42 688 42 278 41 771 41 306
37 719 39 116 39 852 40 733 41 534
25 081 25 709 27 206 28 549 29 778
20 719 20 675 20 604 20 574 20 635
29 247 29 700 30 179 30 634 31 012
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
198 584 200 591 203 133 205 220 207 753
14 511 14 934 15 365 15 644 16 040
7 407 7 678 7 861 7 895 8 060
7 104 7 256 7 504 7 749 7 979
184 073 185 656 187 769 189 576 191 713
17 864 17 409 17 442 17 593 17 968
40 798 40 252 39 559 38 778 37 976
42 254 43 086 43 883 44 299 44 635
30 974 32 167 33 391 34 373 35 587
20 735 20 990 21 505 22 296 23 064
31 448 31 751 31 989 32 237 32 484
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
212 577 215 092 217 570 221 168
15 912 15 929 15 994 16 096
7 978 8 020 8 099 8 561
7 934 7 909 7 895 7 535
196 664 199 164 201 576 205 072
18 311 18 877 19 348 19 801
38 703 38 505 38 472 39 021
44 312 44 195 43 894 43 746
37 642 38 904 39 711 40 522
24 230 25 011 26 343 27 728
33 466 33 672 33 808 34 253
24
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
MEN 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
49 996 50 321
4 078 3 946
2 128 2 062
1 951 1 884
45 918 46 378
5 527 5 405
10 767 10 871
9 798 9 926
8 290 8 379
6 441 6 568
5 093 5 226
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
50 725 49 727 49 700 50 750 51 395
3 962 3 725 3 767 3 823 3 953
2 043 2 039 2 121 2 122 2 174
1 920 1 687 1 647 1 701 1 780
46 763 46 001 45 932 46 927 47 441
5 270 4 451 3 788 3 482 3 509
10 963 10 709 10 855 11 020 11 067
10 034 10 049 10 164 10 632 10 718
8 472 8 551 8 655 8 878 9 018
6 664 6 737 6 798 6 798 6 885
5 357 5 503 5 670 6 119 6 241
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
52 109 52 723 53 315 54 033 54 793
4 022 4 020 4 083 4 293 4 652
2 225 2 238 2 284 2 435 2 681
1 798 1 783 1 800 1 858 1 971
48 086 48 704 49 231 49 740 50 140
3 708 3 970 4 166 4 339 4 488
11 068 10 983 10 889 10 787 10 625
10 804 10 889 10 965 11 076 11 149
9 164 9 322 9 499 9 675 9 832
6 960 7 032 7 109 7 179 7 259
6 380 6 505 6 602 6 683 6 785
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
55 662 56 286 56 831 57 921 58 847
4 963 5 112 5 150 5 496 5 866
2 805 2 742 2 764 3 162 3 503
2 159 2 371 2 386 2 334 2 364
50 698 51 173 51 681 52 425 52 981
4 679 4 844 4 925 5 240 5 520
10 514 10 440 10 207 10 165 10 144
11 230 11 286 11 389 11 476 11 466
10 000 10 112 10 162 10 274 10 402
7 373 7 483 7 610 7 740 7 873
6 901 7 006 7 386 7 526 7 574
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
59 782 60 262 60 905 61 847 62 898
6 318 6 658 6 537 6 683 6 928
3 488 3 478 3 528 3 634 3 741
2 831 3 180 3 010 3 049 3 187
53 463 53 603 54 367 55 165 55 969
5 701 5 663 5 977 6 127 6 379
10 182 10 224 10 495 10 944 11 309
11 427 11 294 11 161 11 040 10 890
10 512 10 598 10 705 10 819 10 935
7 990 8 099 8 218 8 336 8 464
7 649 7 723 7 809 7 897 7 990
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
64 304 65 942 67 835 69 292 70 808
7 145 7 430 7 705 7 855 8 012
3 848 3 954 4 081 4 152 4 231
3 299 3 477 3 624 3 703 3 781
57 157 58 511 60 130 61 436 62 796
6 861 7 511 8 061 8 429 8 600
11 750 12 227 12 911 13 641 14 262
10 810 10 721 10 762 10 746 10 834
11 052 11 129 11 167 11 202 11 315
8 590 8 711 8 895 8 990 9 140
8 093 8 208 8 330 8 426 8 641
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
72 291 73 759 75 193 76 576 78 020
8 134 8 244 8 288 8 309 8 310
4 252 4 266 4 290 4 295 4 251
3 882 3 978 4 000 4 014 4 060
64 158 65 515 66 904 68 268 69 709
8 950 9 237 9 477 9 693 9 873
14 899 15 528 16 108 16 598 17 193
10 874 11 010 11 260 11 665 12 046
11 298 11 243 11 144 11 045 10 944
9 286 9 444 9 616 9 758 9 907
8 852 9 053 9 297 9 509 9 746
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
79 398 80 511 81 523 82 531 83 605
8 260 8 092 7 879 7 659 7 386
4 195 4 087 3 911 3 750 3 655
4 064 4 005 3 968 3 908 3 731
71 138 72 419 73 644 74 872 76 219
10 023 10 116 10 136 10 140 10 108
17 833 18 427 18 787 19 143 19 596
12 400 12 758 13 410 14 067 14 719
10 861 10 797 10 726 10 689 10 724
10 042 10 151 10 215 10 261 10 285
9 979 10 170 10 371 10 573 10 788
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
84 469 85 798 86 899 87 857 88 762
7 275 7 275 7 335 7 304 7 143
3 689 3 768 3 824 3 715 3 524
3 586 3 507 3 510 3 588 3 619
77 195 78 523 79 565 80 553 81 619
9 746 9 498 9 195 8 931 8 743
19 864 20 498 20 781 20 937 21 080
15 265 15 858 16 475 17 008 17 590
10 844 10 986 11 215 11 625 11 981
10 392 10 336 10 267 10 193 10 092
11 084 11 347 11 632 11 859 12 134
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
90 377 91 278 92 270 93 332 94 355
7 347 7 134 7 023 7 076 7 203
3 534 3 548 3 542 3 595 3 718
3 813 3 586 3 481 3 481 3 486
83 030 84 144 85 247 86 256 87 151
9 320 9 367 9 326 9 216 9 074
21 117 20 977 20 792 20 569 20 361
18 529 19 213 19 585 20 037 20 443
12 238 12 554 13 271 13 944 14 545
9 778 9 780 9 776 9 773 9 810
12 049 12 254 12 496 12 717 12 918
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
95 178 96 206 97 715 98 758 99 722
7 367 7 600 7 836 7 968 8 167
3 794 3 955 4 053 4 059 4 143
3 573 3 645 3 783 3 909 4 024
87 811 88 606 89 879 90 790 91 555
8 835 8 611 8 706 8 804 8 899
20 079 19 775 19 478 19 094 18 565
20 800 21 222 21 669 21 857 21 969
15 111 15 674 16 276 16 773 17 335
9 856 9 997 10 282 10 649 11 008
13 130 13 327 13 469 13 613 13 779
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
101 964 103 282 104 585 106 435
8 089 8 101 8 146 8 163
4 096 4 102 4 140 4 365
3 993 3 999 4 006 3 797
93 875 95 181 96 439 98 272
9 101 9 368 9 627 9 878
19 106 19 056 19 037 19 347
21 683 21 643 21 523 21 463
18 365 18 987 19 379 19 784
11 583 11 972 12 641 13 305
14 037 14 155 14 233 14 496
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
25
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WOMEN 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
53 071 53 670
4 371 4 269
2 137 2 077
2 234 2 195
48 700 49 400
6 003 5 907
11 843 11 951
10 299 10 475
8 481 8 623
6 444 6 633
5 627 5 809
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
54 270 54 895 55 529 56 305 56 925
4 181 4 140 4 155 4 191 4 271
2 033 2 057 2 113 2 119 2 162
2 148 2 084 2 042 2 072 2 109
50 088 50 754 51 373 52 114 52 654
5 810 5 716 5 601 5 478 5 376
12 050 12 134 12 189 12 246 12 237
10 647 10 814 10 973 11 290 11 417
8 768 8 913 9 061 9 113 9 287
6 805 6 955 7 091 7 032 7 200
6 006 6 221 6 456 6 956 7 134
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
57 574 58 228 58 951 59 690 60 534
4 342 4 414 4 529 4 693 4 966
2 215 2 244 2 303 2 437 2 656
2 127 2 170 2 226 2 256 2 311
53 232 53 814 54 421 54 997 55 570
5 328 5 301 5 320 5 394 5 487
12 181 12 089 11 960 11 776 11 576
11 544 11 678 11 821 11 949 12 058
9 479 9 690 9 925 10 157 10 371
7 349 7 484 7 618 7 744 7 875
7 348 7 570 7 774 7 974 8 200
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
61 582 62 484 63 321 64 494 65 637
5 224 5 401 5 502 5 874 6 245
2 768 2 720 2 739 3 139 3 471
2 456 2 681 2 764 2 736 2 775
56 358 57 082 57 819 58 620 59 391
5 594 5 739 5 927 6 224 6 497
11 484 11 389 11 296 11 235 11 223
12 207 12 299 12 408 12 472 12 474
10 601 10 781 10 754 10 870 11 050
8 036 8 192 8 264 8 398 8 569
8 435 8 679 9 168 9 419 9 576
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
66 731 67 795 68 968 70 179 71 436
6 612 6 934 6 943 7 015 7 167
3 448 3 436 3 475 3 566 3 681
3 164 3 499 3 470 3 450 3 486
60 119 60 860 62 026 63 164 64 269
6 741 6 975 7 445 7 764 8 109
11 235 11 319 11 562 11 968 12 336
12 405 12 285 12 152 11 996 11 819
11 216 11 379 11 551 11 715 11 871
8 737 8 908 9 092 9 278 9 466
9 783 9 992 10 220 10 441 10 667
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
72 782 74 274 76 290 77 804 79 312
7 373 7 591 7 805 7 985 8 168
3 796 3 895 3 994 4 076 4 142
3 578 3 697 3 811 3 909 4 028
65 408 66 682 68 484 69 819 71 144
8 462 8 834 9 082 9 263 9 393
12 684 13 110 13 829 14 531 15 177
11 679 11 553 11 597 11 541 11 627
12 008 12 115 12 171 12 229 12 263
9 659 9 870 10 113 10 290 10 377
10 914 11 198 11 693 11 963 12 304
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
80 860 82 390 83 840 85 334 86 843
8 285 8 370 8 400 8 386 8 347
4 168 4 176 4 193 4 189 4 139
4 117 4 194 4 206 4 197 4 208
72 576 74 020 75 441 76 948 78 496
9 645 9 872 10 103 10 315 10 480
15 811 16 425 17 008 17 493 18 070
11 652 11 786 12 036 12 435 12 815
12 237 12 166 12 053 11 932 11 808
10 558 10 742 10 940 11 118 11 303
12 673 13 030 13 300 13 658 14 021
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
88 348 89 618 90 748 91 684 92 778
8 283 8 121 7 884 7 616 7 349
4 083 3 981 3 804 3 635 3 542
4 200 4 140 4 081 3 981 3 807
80 065 81 497 82 864 84 069 85 429
10 612 10 705 10 709 10 660 10 580
18 725 19 350 19 705 20 004 20 403
13 177 13 533 14 201 14 865 15 532
11 701 11 625 11 538 11 478 11 501
11 478 11 605 11 694 11 742 11 768
14 372 14 680 15 017 15 319 15 645
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
93 736 94 789 95 853 96 756 97 630
7 231 7 221 7 271 7 224 7 080
3 543 3 618 3 677 3 569 3 361
3 688 3 603 3 594 3 655 3 719
86 506 87 567 88 583 89 532 90 550
10 351 10 072 9 776 9 503 9 282
20 805 21 233 21 516 21 674 21 765
16 114 16 692 17 279 17 776 18 387
11 574 11 746 11 968 12 378 12 763
11 748 11 675 11 567 11 448 11 314
15 913 16 150 16 476 16 753 17 039
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
98 787 99 646 100 535 101 506 102 460
7 173 6 939 6 818 6 859 6 993
3 359 3 353 3 366 3 415 3 528
3 813 3 586 3 452 3 444 3 465
91 614 92 708 93 718 94 647 95 467
9 582 9 597 9 520 9 426 9 279
21 859 21 711 21 486 21 202 20 945
19 190 19 903 20 267 20 696 21 091
12 843 13 155 13 935 14 605 15 233
10 941 10 895 10 828 10 801 10 825
17 198 17 446 17 682 17 917 18 094
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
103 406 104 385 105 418 106 462 108 031
7 144 7 335 7 528 7 676 7 873
3 613 3 723 3 808 3 835 3 917
3 531 3 612 3 721 3 840 3 955
96 262 97 050 97 889 98 786 100 158
9 029 8 798 8 736 8 790 9 069
20 719 20 477 20 081 19 683 19 411
21 454 21 865 22 214 22 442 22 666
15 862 16 493 17 115 17 600 18 251
10 879 10 993 11 224 11 646 12 056
18 318 18 424 18 520 18 625 18 705
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
110 613 111 811 112 985 114 733
7 823 7 828 7 848 7 934
3 882 3 917 3 959 4 195
3 941 3 910 3 889 3 738
102 790 103 983 105 136 106 800
9 211 9 509 9 721 9 924
19 597 19 449 19 435 19 674
22 628 22 552 22 371 22 283
19 276 19 917 20 332 20 738
12 647 13 039 13 703 14 423
19 430 19 517 19 575 19 758
26
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE1 1954 ............................................
97 705
7 180
3 786
3 394
90 524
7 794
20 818
19 915
16 569
12 993
12 438
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
98 880 99 976 101 119 102 392 103 803
7 292 7 346 7 505 7 843 8 430
3 874 3 908 4 007 4 271 4 707
3 419 3 438 3 498 3 573 3 725
91 586 92 629 93 612 94 547 95 370
7 912 8 106 8 293 8 498 8 697
20 742 20 564 20 342 20 063 19 715
20 110 20 314 20 514 20 734 20 893
16 869 17 198 17 562 17 924 18 257
13 169 13 341 13 518 13 681 13 858
12 785 13 105 13 383 13 645 13 951
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
105 282 106 604 107 715 109 705 111 534
8 924 9 211 9 343 9 978 10 616
4 909 4 785 4 818 5 549 6 137
4 016 4 427 4 526 4 430 4 481
96 355 97 390 98 371 99 725 100 916
8 927 9 203 9 484 10 069 10 568
19 470 19 289 18 974 18 867 18 838
21 049 21 169 21 293 21 398 21 375
18 578 18 845 18 872 19 082 19 360
14 070 14 304 14 450 14 681 14 957
14 260 14 581 15 297 15 629 15 816
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
113 284 114 566 116 100 117 948 119 913
11 319 11 862 11 682 11 840 12 179
6 049 5 993 6 051 6 225 6 418
5 271 5 870 5 632 5 616 5 761
101 963 102 702 104 417 106 107 107 733
10 935 11 094 11 797 12 184 12 677
18 882 18 989 19 464 20 245 20 892
21 258 21 005 20 745 20 474 20 156
19 604 19 822 20 067 20 310 20 546
15 215 15 469 15 745 16 018 16 305
16 070 16 322 16 602 16 875 17 156
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
122 174 124 758 127 906 130 097 132 417
12 521 12 937 13 301 13 533 13 784
6 591 6 750 6 910 7 021 7 114
5 931 6 189 6 392 6 512 6 671
109 652 111 821 114 603 116 563 118 632
13 359 14 208 14 897 15 264 15 502
21 546 22 295 23 555 24 685 25 711
19 929 19 694 19 673 19 532 19 628
20 760 20 907 20 950 20 991 21 061
16 591 16 884 17 250 17 484 17 645
17 469 17 833 18 278 18 607 19 085
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
134 790 137 106 139 380 141 612 143 894
13 941 14 055 14 095 14 060 13 994
7 132 7 125 7 150 7 132 7 029
6 808 6 930 6 944 6 928 6 964
120 849 123 050 125 285 127 552 129 900
15 980 16 368 16 728 17 038 17 284
26 746 27 757 28 703 29 453 30 371
19 641 19 827 20 231 20 932 21 579
20 981 20 816 20 575 20 322 20 058
17 918 18 220 18 540 18 799 19 071
19 587 20 064 20 508 21 007 21 538
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
146 122 147 908 149 441 150 805 152 347
13 854 13 516 13 076 12 623 12 147
6 912 6 704 6 383 6 089 5 918
6 943 6 813 6 693 6 534 6 228
132 268 134 392 136 366 138 183 140 200
17 484 17 609 17 579 17 492 17 304
31 407 32 367 32 863 33 286 33 889
22 174 22 778 23 910 25 027 26 124
19 837 19 666 19 478 19 349 19 348
19 316 19 485 19 591 19 625 19 629
22 050 22 487 22 945 23 403 23 906
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
153 679 155 432 156 958 158 194 159 338
11 900 11 879 11 939 11 838 11 530
5 922 6 036 6 110 5 893 5 506
5 978 5 843 5 829 5 945 6 023
141 780 143 553 145 020 146 357 147 809
16 853 16 353 15 808 15 276 14 879
34 450 35 293 35 667 35 876 35 951
27 100 28 062 29 036 29 818 30 774
19 405 19 587 19 965 20 652 21 287
19 620 19 477 19 242 18 996 18 743
24 352 24 780 25 301 25 739 26 175
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
160 625 161 759 162 972 164 289 165 555
11 630 11 200 11 004 11 078 11 264
5 464 5 451 5 478 5 562 5 710
6 166 5 749 5 526 5 516 5 554
148 996 150 558 151 968 153 210 154 291
15 538 15 516 15 354 15 087 14 708
35 661 35 342 34 885 34 365 33 865
31 739 32 854 33 305 33 919 34 582
21 535 22 052 23 364 24 456 25 435
18 204 18 074 17 951 17 892 17 924
26 319 26 721 27 108 27 493 27 776
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
166 914 168 317 169 993 171 478 173 085
11 468 11 822 12 181 12 439 12 700
5 822 6 026 6 213 6 264 6 342
5 646 5 796 5 968 6 176 6 358
155 446 156 495 157 812 159 039 160 385
14 313 13 907 13 983 14 138 14 394
33 355 32 852 32 091 31 286 30 516
35 222 35 810 36 325 36 610 36 755
26 418 27 403 28 388 29 132 30 048
17 986 18 136 18 511 19 231 19 855
28 153 28 387 28 514 28 642 28 818
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
176 220 178 111 179 783 181 292
12 535 12 556 12 596 12 527
6 264 6 291 6 346 6 629
6 271 6 265 6 250 5 898
163 685 165 556 167 187 168 765
14 552 15 001 15 360 15 536
30 948 30 770 30 676 30 789
36 261 36 113 35 750 35 352
31 550 32 475 33 012 33 466
20 757 21 434 22 540 23 589
29 617 29 762 29 849 30 033
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
27
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
14 526 14 917 15 329
2 018 2 095 2 137
1 061 1 095 1 122
956 1 000 1 014
12 508 12 823 13 192
2 027 2 132 2 137
2 809 2 957 3 103
2 329 2 333 2 382
2 139 2 156 2 202
1 601 1 616 1 679
1 605 1 628 1 689
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
15 751 16 196 16 605 16 970 17 397
2 191 2 264 2 273 2 270 2 276
1 146 1 165 1 175 1 169 1 167
1 046 1 098 1 097 1 101 1 109
13 560 13 932 14 332 14 701 15 121
2 228 2 303 2 400 2 483 2 556
3 258 3 412 3 566 3 717 3 899
2 395 2 435 2 493 2 547 2 615
2 211 2 220 2 225 2 226 2 240
1 717 1 736 1 765 1 794 1 831
1 755 1 826 1 883 1 932 1 980
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
17 824 18 219 18 584 18 925 19 348
2 289 2 288 2 252 2 225 2 161
1 171 1 161 1 119 1 092 1 056
1 119 1 127 1 134 1 133 1 105
15 535 15 931 16 332 16 700 17 187
2 606 2 642 2 697 2 734 2 783
4 095 4 290 4 438 4 607 4 789
2 687 2 758 2 887 2 999 3 167
2 249 2 260 2 263 2 260 2 288
1 870 1 913 1 935 1 964 1 977
2 030 2 069 2 113 2 135 2 183
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
19 664 19 989 20 352 20 692 21 021
2 160 2 137 2 163 2 179 2 176
1 083 1 090 1 123 1 130 1 116
1 077 1 048 1 040 1 049 1 060
17 504 17 852 18 189 18 513 18 846
2 649 2 625 2 578 2 527 2 479
4 873 5 026 5 139 5 234 5 308
3 290 3 410 3 563 3 716 3 900
2 372 2 413 2 460 2 524 2 587
2 060 2 079 2 097 2 110 2 118
2 259 2 298 2 352 2 402 2 454
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
21 477 21 799 22 147 22 521 22 879
2 238 2 187 2 155 2 181 2 211
1 101 1 085 1 086 1 113 1 168
1 138 1 102 1 069 1 069 1 044
19 239 19 612 19 992 20 339 20 668
2 554 2 585 2 615 2 600 2 616
5 407 5 419 5 404 5 409 5 362
4 328 4 538 4 722 4 886 5 038
2 618 2 682 2 809 2 941 3 084
1 970 1 985 1 996 2 016 2 045
2 362 2 403 2 446 2 487 2 524
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
23 246 23 604 24 003 24 373 24 855
2 284 2 356 2 412 2 443 2 479
1 198 1 238 1 255 1 241 1 250
1 086 1 118 1 158 1 202 1 229
20 962 21 248 21 591 21 930 22 376
2 554 2 519 2 515 2 546 2 615
5 337 5 311 5 279 5 221 5 197
5 178 5 290 5 410 5 510 5 609
3 244 3 408 3 571 3 735 3 919
2 079 2 110 2 164 2 224 2 295
2 571 2 609 2 653 2 695 2 741
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
24 902 25 138 25 578 25 686
2 389 2 388 2 416 2 382
1 205 1 212 1 235 1 309
1 183 1 176 1 181 1 074
22 513 22 750 23 162 23 304
2 611 2 686 2 779 2 773
5 089 5 003 5 015 4 978
5 488 5 467 5 460 5 387
4 168 4 343 4 513 4 628
2 407 2 478 2 571 2 692
2 750 2 775 2 823 2 846
1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
6 104 6 564
867 926
... ...
... ...
5 238 5 645
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
6 862 6 910 7 362 7 912 8 207
962 953 1 024 1 076 1 095
... 494 513 561 544
... 480 508 515 551
5 900 6 075 6 376 6 836 7 113
... 1 053 1 163 1 265 1 296
... 1 775 1 869 2 004 2 117
... 1 261 1 283 1 378 1 458
... 936 989 1 033 1 015
... 570 587 627 659
... 479 485 529 566
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
9 598 10 120 10 580 11 029 11 478
1 281 1 301 1 307 1 304 1 300
638 641 639 635 633
643 660 668 670 667
8 317 8 819 9 273 9 725 10 178
1 564 1 650 1 724 1 790 1 839
2 508 2 698 2 871 3 045 3 224
1 575 1 680 1 779 1 883 1 996
1 190 1 231 1 264 1 298 1 336
782 832 880 928 973
698 728 755 781 810
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
11 915 12 344 12 867 13 325 13 791
1 298 1 302 1 332 1 354 1 399
638 658 651 662 672
661 644 681 692 727
10 617 11 042 11 536 11 970 12 392
1 864 1 899 1 910 1 948 1 950
3 401 3 510 3 714 3 807 3 953
2 117 2 239 2 464 2 565 2 658
1 377 1 496 1 492 1 571 1 649
1 015 1 023 1 061 1 159 1 182
843 875 895 920 1 001
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
15 904 16 425 16 961 17 532 18 117
1 737 1 732 1 737 1 756 1 818
821 819 836 855 902
915 913 901 901 916
14 167 14 693 15 224 15 776 16 300
2 428 2 481 2 444 2 487 2 518
4 589 4 674 4 806 4 887 5 000
3 001 3 243 3 458 3 632 3 756
1 817 1 879 1 980 2 094 2 223
1 247 1 283 1 321 1 324 1 401
1 084 1 134 1 216 1 353 1 401
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
18 629 19 213 20 321 21 070 21 650
1 872 1 948 2 121 2 204 2 307
903 962 1 088 1 070 1 113
969 986 1 033 1 135 1 194
16 757 17 265 18 200 18 865 19 344
2 528 2 524 2 623 2 731 2 700
5 050 5 181 5 405 5 447 5 512
3 965 4 227 4 453 4 636 4 833
2 294 2 275 2 581 2 775 2 868
1 483 1 546 1 580 1 615 1 713
1 437 1 512 1 558 1 662 1 718
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
23 938 24 942 25 963 27 551
2 523 2 508 2 507 2 543
1 214 1 173 1 216 1 346
1 309 1 334 1 291 1 197
21 415 22 435 23 456 25 008
3 255 3 417 3 508 3 533
6 466 6 726 7 010 7 506
5 189 5 346 5 606 6 003
3 061 3 339 3 494 3 845
1 736 1 816 1 953 2 093
1 708 1 792 1 885 2 027
HISPANIC
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
28
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE MEN1 1954 ............................................
46 462
3 455
1 902
1 553
43 007
3 074
9 948
9 688
8 172
6 341
5 787
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
47 076 47 602 48 119 48 745 49 408
3 507 3 500 3 556 3 747 4 079
1 945 1 955 2 000 2 140 2 370
1 563 1 546 1 557 1 607 1 710
43 569 44 102 44 563 44 998 45 329
3 241 3 464 3 638 3 783 3 903
9 936 9 851 9 758 9 656 9 499
9 768 9 848 9 917 10 018 10 081
8 303 8 446 8 605 8 765 8 909
6 398 6 455 6 518 6 574 6 639
5 923 6 038 6 127 6 203 6 298
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
50 065 50 608 51 054 52 031 52 869
4 349 4 479 4 520 4 827 5 148
2 476 2 407 2 426 2 792 3 090
1 874 2 073 2 094 2 036 2 059
45 716 46 129 46 534 47 204 47 721
4 054 4 204 4 306 4 610 4 862
9 373 9 290 9 080 9 039 9 024
10 131 10 178 10 239 10 309 10 301
9 042 9 148 9 191 9 297 9 417
6 721 6 819 6 917 7 031 7 153
6 395 6 490 6 801 6 919 6 963
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
53 681 54 061 54 608 55 434 56 348
5 541 5 820 5 671 5 787 6 005
3 050 3 023 3 058 3 153 3 246
2 492 2 798 2 613 2 635 2 759
48 140 48 241 48 937 49 647 50 343
5 017 4 974 5 257 5 376 5 589
9 056 9 085 9 339 9 752 10 074
10 262 10 136 10 013 9 902 9 760
9 516 9 592 9 688 9 790 9 895
7 261 7 362 7 474 7 585 7 705
7 028 7 092 7 167 7 242 7 320
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
57 516 58 900 60 473 61 577 62 791
6 179 6 420 6 627 6 737 6 851
3 329 3 412 3 503 3 555 3 604
2 851 3 008 3 125 3 182 3 247
51 336 52 481 53 845 54 842 55 942
5 988 6 546 7 042 7 312 7 476
10 441 10 841 11 495 12 075 12 599
9 678 9 578 9 568 9 514 9 564
9 999 10 066 10 078 10 099 10 165
7 822 7 933 8 089 8 178 8 288
7 409 7 517 7 573 7 664 7 849
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
63 981 65 132 66 301 67 401 68 547
6 929 6 993 7 024 7 022 7 007
3 609 3 609 3 625 3 619 3 568
3 320 3 384 3 399 3 404 3 439
57 052 58 138 59 278 60 378 61 540
7 766 7 987 8 175 8 335 8 470
13 131 13 655 14 139 14 528 15 008
9 578 9 674 9 880 10 236 10 563
10 134 10 063 9 957 9 845 9 730
8 413 8 556 8 708 8 826 8 949
8 031 8 203 8 420 8 608 8 820
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
69 634 70 480 71 211 71 922 72 723
6 941 6 764 6 556 6 340 6 113
3 508 3 401 3 249 3 098 3 019
3 433 3 363 3 307 3 242 3 094
62 694 63 715 64 655 65 581 66 610
8 581 8 644 8 621 8 597 8 522
15 529 16 005 16 260 16 499 16 816
10 863 11 171 11 756 12 314 12 853
9 636 9 560 9 463 9 408 9 434
9 059 9 139 9 188 9 208 9 217
9 027 9 195 9 367 9 556 9 768
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
73 373 74 390 75 189 75 855 76 468
5 987 5 977 6 015 5 968 5 813
3 026 3 084 3 125 3 015 2 817
2 961 2 894 2 890 2 953 2 996
67 386 68 413 69 175 69 887 70 654
8 246 8 002 7 729 7 473 7 279
17 042 17 564 17 754 17 867 17 908
13 337 13 840 14 338 14 743 15 237
9 488 9 578 9 771 10 114 10 434
9 262 9 201 9 101 9 001 8 900
10 010 10 229 10 481 10 688 10 897
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
77 369 77 977 78 651 79 371 80 059
5 913 5 704 5 611 5 650 5 748
2 809 2 805 2 819 2 862 2 938
3 103 2 899 2 792 2 788 2 810
71 457 72 274 73 040 73 721 74 311
7 764 7 748 7 676 7 545 7 357
17 766 17 615 17 403 17 158 16 915
15 770 16 340 16 579 16 900 17 247
10 598 10 856 11 513 12 058 12 545
8 680 8 640 8 602 8 590 8 618
10 879 11 074 11 268 11 470 11 629
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
80 733 81 489 82 577 83 352 83 930
5 854 6 035 6 257 6 386 6 498
2 995 3 099 3 209 3 233 3 266
2 859 2 936 3 048 3 153 3 232
74 879 75 454 76 320 76 966 77 432
7 163 6 971 7 087 7 170 7 244
16 653 16 395 16 043 15 644 15 150
17 567 17 868 18 163 18 310 18 340
13 028 13 518 14 030 14 400 14 834
8 653 8 734 8 929 9 286 9 581
11 815 11 968 12 067 12 155 12 283
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
85 370 86 452 87 361 88 249
6 404 6 422 6 439 6 390
3 224 3 229 3 251 3 378
3 181 3 194 3 189 3 012
78 966 80 029 80 922 81 860
7 329 7 564 7 750 7 856
15 528 15 486 15 470 15 569
18 003 17 960 17 792 17 620
15 578 16 047 16 317 16 555
10 028 10 369 10 918 11 442
12 501 12 604 12 676 12 818
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
29
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE WOMEN1 1954 ............................................
51 242
3 725
1 884
1 841
47 517
4 720
10 870
10 227
8 397
6 652
6 651
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
51 802 52 373 52 998 53 645 54 392
3 785 3 846 3 949 4 096 4 351
1 929 1 953 2 007 2 131 2 337
1 856 1 892 1 941 1 966 2 015
48 017 48 527 49 049 49 549 50 041
4 671 4 642 4 655 4 715 4 794
10 806 10 713 10 584 10 407 10 216
10 342 10 466 10 597 10 716 10 812
8 566 8 752 8 957 9 159 9 348
6 771 6 886 7 000 7 107 7 219
6 862 7 067 7 256 7 442 7 653
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
55 214 55 993 56 660 57 672 58 663
4 575 4 732 4 823 5 151 5 468
2 433 2 378 2 392 2 757 3 047
2 142 2 354 2 432 2 394 2 422
50 639 51 261 51 837 52 521 53 195
4 873 4 999 5 178 5 459 5 706
10 097 9 999 9 894 9 828 9 814
10 918 10 991 11 054 11 089 11 074
9 536 9 697 9 681 9 785 9 943
7 349 7 485 7 533 7 650 7 804
7 865 8 091 8 496 8 710 8 853
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
59 601 60 503 61 491 62 512 63 563
5 778 6 042 6 011 6 053 6 174
2 999 2 970 2 993 3 072 3 172
2 779 3 072 3 019 2 981 3 002
53 823 54 461 55 480 56 460 57 390
5 918 6 120 6 540 6 809 7 089
9 826 9 904 10 125 10 493 10 818
10 996 10 869 10 732 10 572 10 396
10 088 10 230 10 379 10 520 10 651
7 954 8 107 8 271 8 433 8 600
9 042 9 230 9 435 9 633 9 836
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
64 656 65 857 67 431 68 517 69 623
6 342 6 518 6 673 6 796 6 933
3 262 3 338 3 407 3 466 3 510
3 080 3 180 3 267 3 331 3 424
58 315 59 340 60 758 61 721 62 690
7 370 7 662 7 855 7 951 8 026
11 105 11 454 12 060 12 610 13 112
10 251 10 117 10 105 10 018 10 064
10 761 10 841 10 872 10 891 10 896
8 769 8 951 9 161 9 306 9 356
10 060 10 315 10 705 10 943 11 236
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
70 810 71 974 73 077 74 213 75 347
7 011 7 062 7 071 7 038 6 987
3 523 3 516 3 525 3 513 3 460
3 488 3 546 3 545 3 524 3 527
63 798 64 912 66 007 67 174 68 360
8 214 8 381 8 553 8 704 8 815
13 615 14 102 14 564 14 926 15 363
10 063 10 153 10 351 10 696 11 017
10 847 10 752 10 618 10 476 10 327
9 505 9 664 9 832 9 974 10 122
11 556 11 860 12 088 12 399 12 717
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
76 489 77 428 78 230 78 884 79 624
6 914 6 752 6 519 6 282 6 034
3 403 3 303 3 134 2 991 2 899
3 511 3 449 3 385 3 292 3 135
69 575 70 677 71 711 72 601 73 590
8 904 8 965 8 959 8 895 8 782
15 878 16 362 16 603 16 788 17 073
11 313 11 606 12 154 12 714 13 271
10 201 10 106 10 015 9 941 9 914
10 256 10 346 10 402 10 418 10 412
13 022 13 292 13 579 13 847 14 138
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
80 306 81 042 81 769 82 340 82 871
5 912 5 902 5 924 5 869 5 716
2 895 2 953 2 985 2 878 2 690
3 017 2 949 2 939 2 991 3 027
74 394 75 140 75 845 76 470 77 154
8 607 8 351 8 079 7 804 7 600
17 409 17 728 17 913 18 009 18 043
13 762 14 223 14 698 15 074 15 537
9 917 10 009 10 194 10 537 10 853
10 358 10 277 10 141 9 994 9 843
14 342 14 551 14 820 15 052 15 278
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
83 256 83 781 84 321 84 918 85 496
5 717 5 497 5 393 5 428 5 516
2 654 2 646 2 659 2 700 2 772
3 063 2 850 2 734 2 728 2 744
77 539 78 285 78 928 79 490 79 980
7 774 7 768 7 678 7 542 7 351
17 895 17 726 17 482 17 206 16 950
15 969 16 514 16 727 17 019 17 335
10 937 11 196 11 851 12 398 12 890
9 524 9 435 9 350 9 302 9 306
15 440 15 647 15 841 16 023 16 148
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
86 181 86 828 87 417 88 126 89 156
5 614 5 787 5 924 6 053 6 202
2 827 2 927 3 004 3 031 3 076
2 787 2 860 2 920 3 023 3 127
80 567 81 041 81 492 82 073 82 953
7 150 6 936 6 896 6 969 7 150
16 702 16 457 16 047 15 642 15 366
17 654 17 943 18 162 18 300 18 415
13 390 13 884 14 357 14 732 15 214
9 333 9 402 9 582 9 944 10 274
16 337 16 419 16 447 16 486 16 536
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
90 850 91 660 92 422 93 043
6 131 6 134 6 157 6 137
3 041 3 062 3 096 3 251
3 090 3 071 3 061 2 886
84 718 85 526 86 266 86 905
7 223 7 438 7 611 7 680
15 420 15 284 15 207 15 220
18 258 18 153 17 958 17 731
15 972 16 428 16 695 16 911
10 729 11 065 11 622 12 147
17 116 17 158 17 173 17 216
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
30
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK MEN1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
6 538 6 704 6 875
978 1 007 1 027
525 539 554
453 468 471
5 559 5 697 5 848
921 979 956
1 251 1 327 1 381
1 026 1 027 1 055
963 962 997
720 718 753
679 684 707
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
7 060 7 265 7 431 7 577 7 761
1 051 1 099 1 102 1 093 1 100
565 579 586 579 581
486 518 516 514 519
6 009 6 167 6 329 6 484 6 661
1 002 1 036 1 080 1 120 1 151
1 452 1 521 1 589 1 657 1 738
1 060 1 077 1 102 1 128 1 159
997 999 998 995 998
769 774 786 794 809
730 756 774 789 804
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
7 944 8 117 8 283 8 447 8 654
1 110 1 110 1 097 1 087 1 055
583 577 556 542 524
526 534 542 545 531
6 834 7 007 7 186 7 360 7 599
1 171 1 189 1 225 1 254 1 292
1 828 1 914 1 983 2 068 2 164
1 191 1 224 1 282 1 333 1 411
999 1 003 1 003 1 000 1 012
825 844 848 857 858
822 835 846 847 861
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
8 790 8 956 9 128 9 289 9 439
1 059 1 049 1 065 1 074 1 075
543 548 566 569 575
517 503 499 505 501
7 731 7 907 8 063 8 215 8 364
1 202 1 195 1 173 1 151 1 128
2 180 2 264 2 320 2 367 2 403
1 462 1 517 1 587 1 656 1 741
1 060 1 072 1 092 1 121 1 145
924 934 944 951 956
902 924 947 970 989
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
9 573 9 725 9 896 10 083 10 258
1 094 1 072 1 056 1 075 1 087
555 546 544 559 586
540 526 512 516 501
8 479 8 652 8 840 9 008 9 171
1 144 1 168 1 194 1 181 1 207
2 412 2 417 2 409 2 425 2 399
1 968 2 060 2 150 2 228 2 300
1 183 1 211 1 268 1 330 1 392
855 864 868 874 889
917 933 951 969 985
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
10 411 10 575 10 763 10 927 11 143
1 131 1 161 1 188 1 201 1 218
601 623 634 623 628
530 538 553 578 589
9 280 9 414 9 575 9 727 9 926
1 161 1 154 1 153 1 166 1 197
2 388 2 373 2 363 2 335 2 321
2 362 2 413 2 471 2 520 2 566
1 462 1 534 1 607 1 682 1 765
901 914 936 956 986
1 006 1 025 1 045 1 068 1 091
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
11 129 11 172 11 391 11 454
1 178 1 179 1 195 1 176
605 606 615 661
572 573 580 515
9 952 9 993 10 196 10 278
1 195 1 224 1 281 1 291
2 277 2 212 2 223 2 210
2 471 2 440 2 437 2 401
1 889 1 960 2 042 2 094
1 067 1 096 1 137 1 189
1 053 1 060 1 075 1 093
1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
7 988 8 214 8 454
1 040 1 088 1 110
536 556 567
503 532 542
6 948 7 126 7 344
1 106 1 153 1 181
1 558 1 631 1 723
1 302 1 306 1 327
1 176 1 194 1 206
881 898 926
925 944 981
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
8 691 8 931 9 174 9 394 9 636
1 141 1 165 1 171 1 177 1 176
581 585 590 589 586
560 580 581 588 589
7 550 7 765 8 003 8 217 8 460
1 226 1 266 1 320 1 363 1 405
1 806 1 890 1 978 2 061 2 160
1 334 1 357 1 390 1 419 1 455
1 213 1 220 1 228 1 231 1 242
948 962 979 999 1 022
1 025 1 070 1 108 1 143 1 176
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
9 880 10 102 10 300 10 477 10 694
1 180 1 178 1 155 1 138 1 106
587 584 563 550 532
593 593 592 588 574
8 700 8 924 9 146 9 340 9 588
1 435 1 453 1 472 1 480 1 491
2 267 2 376 2 455 2 539 2 625
1 496 1 534 1 605 1 666 1 756
1 250 1 257 1 260 1 260 1 276
1 045 1 069 1 087 1 107 1 119
1 208 1 234 1 267 1 288 1 322
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
10 873 11 033 11 224 11 402 11 582
1 101 1 088 1 098 1 105 1 100
540 542 557 561 541
560 545 541 544 559
9 773 9 945 10 126 10 298 10 482
1 447 1 430 1 405 1 376 1 351
2 693 2 762 2 819 2 867 2 905
1 828 1 893 1 976 2 060 2 159
1 312 1 341 1 368 1 403 1 441
1 136 1 145 1 153 1 159 1 162
1 357 1 374 1 405 1 432 1 464
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
11 904 12 074 12 251 12 438 12 621
1 144 1 115 1 099 1 106 1 125
546 539 542 554 582
598 576 557 552 543
10 760 10 959 11 152 11 332 11 496
1 410 1 417 1 421 1 419 1 410
2 995 3 003 2 995 2 983 2 963
2 360 2 478 2 573 2 659 2 738
1 435 1 471 1 542 1 611 1 692
1 114 1 121 1 127 1 142 1 156
1 446 1 470 1 495 1 518 1 538
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
12 835 13 029 13 241 13 446 13 711
1 153 1 195 1 225 1 243 1 261
597 615 620 618 621
556 580 604 624 640
11 682 11 833 12 016 12 203 12 451
1 392 1 364 1 362 1 380 1 418
2 948 2 938 2 916 2 886 2 876
2 816 2 877 2 939 2 991 3 043
1 782 1 874 1 964 2 053 2 153
1 178 1 196 1 228 1 268 1 310
1 565 1 584 1 608 1 626 1 650
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
13 772 13 966 14 187 14 232
1 211 1 209 1 221 1 206
600 606 620 648
611 603 601 558
12 561 12 758 12 966 13 026
1 416 1 462 1 498 1 482
2 812 2 790 2 792 2 768
3 017 3 026 3 023 2 986
2 279 2 383 2 471 2 534
1 340 1 382 1 434 1 504
1 697 1 714 1 747 1 753
BLACK WOMEN1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
31
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
HISPANIC MEN 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
2 891 3 130
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 472 2 680
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
3 219 3 241 3 483 3 750 3 917
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
2 741 2 764 2 982 3 228 3 362
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
4 689 4 968 5 203 5 432 5 661
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
4 036 4 306 4 539 4 771 5 005
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
5 885 6 106 6 371 6 604 6 825
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
5 232 5 451 5 700 5 921 6 114
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
8 041 8 296 8 553 8 824 9 104
... ... ... ... 926
... ... ... ... 472
... ... ... ... 454
7 126 7 392 7 655 7 930 8 178
... ... ... ... 1 346
... ... ... ... 2 627
... ... ... ... 1 871
... ... ... ... 1 076
... ... ... ... 644
... ... ... ... 614
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
9 329 9 604 10 368 10 734 10 713
954 992 1 119 1 161 1 190
481 485 585 586 571
473 507 534 575 619
8 375 8 611 9 250 9 573 9 523
1 337 1 321 1 439 1 462 1 398
2 657 2 692 2 872 2 907 2 805
1 966 2 144 2 275 2 377 2 407
1 127 1 111 1 266 1 342 1 397
668 712 747 771 767
619 630 651 714 749
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
12 174 12 695 13 221 14 098
1 333 1 310 1 293 1 301
640 619 615 674
693 690 678 627
10 841 11 386 11 928 12 797
1 784 1 846 1 890 1 905
3 380 3 529 3 727 4 033
2 626 2 765 2 875 3 098
1 527 1 650 1 716 1 910
799 848 902 989
725 749 817 862
1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
3 213 3 434
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 766 2 959
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
3 644 3 669 3 879 4 159 4 291
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3 161 3 263 3 377 3 608 3 751
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
4 909 5 151 5 377 5 597 5 816
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
4 281 4 513 4 734 4 954 5 173
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
6 029 6 238 6 496 6 721 6 965
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
5 385 5 591 5 835 6 050 6 278
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
7 863 8 130 8 408 8 708 9 014
... ... ... ... 892
... ... ... ... 430
... ... ... ... 462
7 041 7 301 7 569 7 846 8 122
... ... ... ... 1 173
... ... ... ... 2 373
... ... ... ... 1 885
... ... ... ... 1 147
... ... ... ... 757
... ... ... ... 787
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
9 300 9 610 9 953 10 335 10 937
918 956 1 003 1 044 1 116
422 477 503 483 542
496 479 500 560 575
8 382 8 654 8 950 9 292 9 821
1 191 1 203 1 184 1 269 1 302
2 393 2 489 2 533 2 539 2 707
1 999 2 082 2 178 2 259 2 425
1 167 1 164 1 315 1 433 1 470
815 834 833 844 947
818 882 907 948 969
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
11 764 12 247 12 742 13 452
1 190 1 198 1 214 1 242
574 554 601 672
616 644 613 570
10 574 11 049 11 528 12 211
1 471 1 571 1 617 1 628
3 086 3 198 3 283 3 473
2 564 2 581 2 732 2 905
1 534 1 689 1 777 1 935
937 968 1 051 1 105
982 1 043 1 068 1 166
HISPANIC WOMEN
. . . = Not available.
32
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
TOTAL 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
60 621 61 286
4 435 4 288
1 780 1 704
2 654 2 583
56 187 57 000
7 392 7 340
14 258 14 415
13 397 13 711
10 914 11 107
7 329 7 426
2 897 3 010
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
62 208 62 017 62 138 63 015 63 643
4 216 4 103 4 064 4 027 3 976
1 659 1 743 1 806 1 727 1 643
2 557 2 360 2 257 2 299 2 300
57 994 57 914 58 075 58 989 59 666
7 307 6 594 5 840 5 481 5 475
14 619 14 668 14 904 14 898 14 983
13 954 14 100 14 383 15 099 15 221
11 444 11 739 11 961 12 249 12 524
7 633 7 796 7 980 8 024 8 269
3 036 3 020 3 005 3 236 3 192
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
65 023 66 552 66 929 67 639 68 369
4 092 4 296 4 275 4 260 4 492
1 711 1 878 1 843 1 818 1 971
2 382 2 418 2 433 2 442 2 522
60 931 62 257 62 653 63 377 63 876
5 666 5 940 6 071 6 272 6 413
15 058 14 961 14 826 14 668 14 435
15 400 15 694 15 847 16 028 16 127
12 992 13 407 13 768 14 179 14 518
8 513 8 830 8 853 9 031 9 227
3 305 3 423 3 290 3 199 3 158
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
69 628 70 459 70 614 71 833 73 091
4 841 4 936 4 916 5 139 5 388
2 095 1 984 1 919 2 171 2 449
2 747 2 951 2 997 2 966 2 940
64 788 65 524 65 699 66 695 67 702
6 702 6 950 7 082 7 473 7 963
14 382 14 319 14 023 14 050 14 056
16 269 16 402 16 589 16 788 16 771
14 852 15 071 15 096 15 338 15 637
9 385 9 636 9 757 10 006 10 182
3 195 3 146 3 154 3 041 3 090
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
74 455 75 770 77 347 78 737 80 734
5 910 6 558 6 521 6 619 6 970
2 486 2 664 2 734 2 817 3 009
3 425 3 893 3 786 3 803 3 959
68 543 69 219 70 825 72 118 73 763
8 259 8 410 9 010 9 305 9 879
14 233 14 458 15 055 15 708 16 336
16 840 16 738 16 703 16 591 16 458
15 756 15 984 16 172 16 397 16 730
10 350 10 575 10 792 10 964 11 135
3 108 3 053 3 097 3 153 3 227
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
82 771 84 382 87 034 89 429 91 949
7 249 7 470 8 054 8 507 8 871
3 135 3 192 3 420 3 665 3 810
4 115 4 278 4 636 4 839 5 059
75 521 76 913 78 980 80 924 83 080
10 597 11 331 12 130 12 846 13 314
17 036 17 714 18 960 20 376 21 654
16 437 16 305 16 398 16 492 16 763
16 949 17 024 16 967 16 983 17 131
11 283 11 390 11 412 11 256 11 284
3 222 3 149 3 114 2 974 2 934
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
93 775 96 158 99 009 102 251 104 962
8 870 9 056 9 351 9 652 9 638
3 740 3 767 3 919 4 127 4 079
5 131 5 288 5 431 5 526 5 559
84 904 87 103 89 658 92 598 95 325
13 750 14 284 14 825 15 370 15 769
22 864 24 203 25 500 26 703 27 938
16 903 17 317 17 943 18 821 19 685
17 084 16 982 16 878 16 891 16 897
11 346 11 422 11 577 11 744 11 931
2 956 2 895 2 934 3 070 3 104
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
106 940 108 670 110 204 111 550 113 544
9 378 8 988 8 526 8 171 7 943
3 883 3 647 3 336 3 073 3 050
5 496 5 340 5 189 5 098 4 894
97 561 99 682 101 679 103 379 105 601
15 922 16 099 16 082 16 052 16 046
29 227 30 392 31 186 31 834 32 723
20 463 21 211 22 431 23 611 24 933
16 910 16 970 16 889 16 851 17 006
11 985 11 969 12 062 11 992 11 961
3 054 3 042 3 030 3 040 2 933
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
115 461 117 834 119 865 121 669 123 869
7 901 7 926 7 988 8 031 7 954
3 154 3 287 3 384 3 286 3 125
4 747 4 639 4 604 4 745 4 828
107 560 109 908 111 878 113 638 115 916
15 718 15 441 14 977 14 505 14 180
33 550 34 591 35 233 35 503 35 896
26 073 27 232 28 460 29 435 30 601
17 322 17 739 18 210 19 104 19 916
11 991 11 894 11 877 11 808 11 877
2 907 3 010 3 119 3 284 3 446
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
125 840 126 346 128 105 129 200 131 056
7 792 7 265 7 096 7 170 7 481
2 937 2 789 2 769 2 831 3 134
4 856 4 476 4 327 4 338 4 347
118 047 119 082 121 009 122 030 123 576
14 700 14 548 14 521 14 354 14 131
35 929 35 507 35 369 34 780 34 353
32 145 33 312 33 899 34 562 35 226
20 248 20 828 22 160 23 296 24 318
11 575 11 473 11 587 11 599 11 713
3 451 3 413 3 473 3 439 3 834
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
132 304 133 943 136 297 137 673 139 368
7 765 7 806 7 932 8 256 8 333
3 225 3 263 3 237 3 335 3 337
4 540 4 543 4 695 4 921 4 996
124 539 126 137 128 365 129 417 131 034
13 688 13 377 13 532 13 638 13 933
34 198 33 833 33 380 32 813 32 143
35 751 36 556 37 326 37 536 37 882
25 223 26 397 27 574 28 368 29 388
11 860 12 146 12 665 13 215 13 682
3 819 3 828 3 887 3 847 4 005
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
142 583 143 734 144 863 146 510
8 271 7 902 7 585 7 170
3 261 3 088 2 870 2 857
5 010 4 814 4 715 4 313
134 312 135 832 137 278 139 340
14 250 14 557 14 781 14 928
32 755 32 361 32 196 32 343
37 567 37 404 36 926 36 695
31 071 32 025 32 597 33 270
14 356 15 104 16 309 17 312
4 312 4 382 4 469 4 792
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
33
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
MEN 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
43 286 43 498
2 600 2 477
1 109 1 056
1 490 1 420
40 687 41 022
4 673 4 682
10 327 10 418
9 596 9 722
7 943 8 008
5 764 5 748
2 384 2 454
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
43 819 43 001 42 869 43 633 43 965
2 504 2 347 2 312 2 320 2 295
1 048 1 081 1 101 1 070 1 023
1 456 1 266 1 210 1 249 1 272
41 316 40 655 40 558 41 315 41 669
4 632 3 935 3 338 3 053 3 051
10 527 10 375 10 585 10 736 10 771
9 793 9 799 9 945 10 437 10 513
8 117 8 205 8 326 8 570 8 702
5 794 5 873 5 949 5 975 6 105
2 453 2 469 2 416 2 543 2 526
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
44 475 45 091 45 197 45 521 45 886
2 369 2 433 2 415 2 428 2 596
1 070 1 142 1 127 1 133 1 206
1 299 1 291 1 289 1 295 1 390
42 106 42 658 42 780 43 092 43 289
3 221 3 485 3 629 3 771 3 940
10 806 10 685 10 571 10 475 10 346
10 595 10 663 10 731 10 843 10 899
8 838 9 002 9 153 9 320 9 438
6 122 6 220 6 222 6 304 6 345
2 526 2 602 2 477 2 378 2 322
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
46 388 46 653 46 600 47 129 47 679
2 787 2 794 2 770 2 907 3 074
1 290 1 210 1 178 1 321 1 499
1 496 1 583 1 592 1 586 1 575
43 603 43 860 43 831 44 222 44 604
4 123 4 253 4 279 4 514 4 754
10 251 10 176 9 920 9 876 9 876
10 967 11 012 11 115 11 187 11 156
9 574 9 668 9 715 9 836 9 956
6 399 6 530 6 560 6 675 6 741
2 287 2 220 2 241 2 135 2 124
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
48 255 48 471 48 987 49 533 50 221
3 397 3 685 3 634 3 681 3 870
1 532 1 609 1 658 1 687 1 770
1 866 2 075 1 976 1 995 2 100
44 857 44 788 45 354 45 852 46 351
4 894 4 820 5 043 5 070 5 282
9 903 9 948 10 207 10 610 10 941
11 120 10 983 10 859 10 725 10 556
10 045 10 100 10 189 10 267 10 344
6 763 6 847 6 937 7 025 7 058
2 132 2 089 2 118 2 154 2 170
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
51 228 52 180 53 555 54 624 55 739
4 008 4 172 4 476 4 693 4 861
1 810 1 856 1 955 2 073 2 138
2 199 2 315 2 522 2 618 2 721
47 220 48 009 49 079 49 932 50 879
5 717 6 233 6 766 7 183 7 387
11 327 11 731 12 350 13 056 13 665
10 469 10 347 10 372 10 338 10 401
10 417 10 451 10 412 10 416 10 431
7 126 7 155 7 155 7 028 7 063
2 165 2 090 2 026 1 913 1 932
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
56 299 57 174 58 396 59 620 60 726
4 805 4 886 5 048 5 149 5 111
2 065 2 069 2 155 2 227 2 192
2 740 2 817 2 893 2 923 2 919
51 494 52 288 53 348 54 471 55 615
7 565 7 866 8 109 8 327 8 535
14 192 14 784 15 353 15 814 16 387
10 398 10 500 10 771 11 159 11 531
10 401 10 293 10 158 10 083 10 008
7 023 7 020 7 100 7 151 7 212
1 914 1 826 1 857 1 936 1 943
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
61 453 61 974 62 450 63 047 63 835
4 999 4 777 4 470 4 303 4 134
2 102 1 957 1 776 1 621 1 591
2 897 2 820 2 694 2 682 2 542
56 455 57 197 57 980 58 744 59 701
8 607 8 648 8 604 8 601 8 594
16 971 17 479 17 793 18 038 18 488
11 836 12 166 12 781 13 398 14 037
9 905 9 868 9 784 9 746 9 776
7 242 7 170 7 174 7 119 7 050
1 893 1 866 1 845 1 842 1 755
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
64 411 65 422 66 207 66 927 67 840
4 134 4 102 4 112 4 159 4 136
1 663 1 707 1 745 1 714 1 630
2 471 2 395 2 367 2 445 2 505
60 277 61 320 62 095 62 768 63 704
8 283 8 148 7 837 7 594 7 458
18 808 19 383 19 656 19 742 19 905
14 506 15 029 15 587 16 074 16 622
9 870 9 994 10 176 10 566 10 919
7 060 6 954 6 940 6 831 6 783
1 750 1 811 1 899 1 960 2 017
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
69 011 69 168 69 964 70 404 70 817
4 094 3 795 3 751 3 762 3 896
1 537 1 452 1 453 1 497 1 630
2 557 2 343 2 297 2 265 2 266
64 916 65 374 66 213 66 642 66 921
7 866 7 820 7 770 7 671 7 540
19 872 19 641 19 495 19 214 18 854
17 481 18 077 18 347 18 713 18 966
11 103 11 362 12 040 12 562 12 962
6 627 6 550 6 551 6 502 6 423
1 967 1 924 2 010 1 980 2 176
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
71 360 72 087 73 261 73 959 74 512
4 036 4 043 4 095 4 244 4 318
1 668 1 665 1 676 1 728 1 732
2 368 2 378 2 419 2 516 2 587
67 324 68 044 69 166 69 715 70 194
7 338 7 104 7 184 7 221 7 291
18 670 18 430 18 110 17 796 17 318
19 189 19 602 20 058 20 242 20 382
13 421 13 967 14 564 14 963 15 394
6 504 6 693 6 952 7 253 7 477
2 201 2 247 2 298 2 240 2 333
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
76 280 76 886 77 500 78 238
4 269 4 070 3 870 3 614
1 676 1 568 1 431 1 405
2 594 2 501 2 439 2 209
72 010 72 816 73 630 74 623
7 521 7 640 7 769 7 906
17 844 17 671 17 596 17 767
20 093 20 018 19 828 19 762
16 269 16 804 17 143 17 352
7 795 8 171 8 751 9 144
2 488 2 511 2 542 2 692
34
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WOMEN 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
17 335 17 788
1 835 1 811
671 648
1 164 1 163
15 500 15 978
2 719 2 658
3 931 3 997
3 801 3 989
2 971 3 099
1 565 1 678
513 556
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
18 389 19 016 19 269 19 382 19 678
1 712 1 756 1 752 1 707 1 681
611 662 705 657 620
1 101 1 094 1 047 1 050 1 028
16 678 17 259 17 517 17 674 17 997
2 675 2 659 2 502 2 428 2 424
4 092 4 293 4 319 4 162 4 212
4 161 4 301 4 438 4 662 4 708
3 327 3 534 3 635 3 679 3 822
1 839 1 923 2 031 2 049 2 164
583 551 589 693 666
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
20 548 21 461 21 732 22 118 22 483
1 723 1 863 1 860 1 832 1 896
641 736 716 685 765
1 083 1 127 1 144 1 147 1 132
18 825 19 599 19 873 20 285 20 587
2 445 2 455 2 442 2 501 2 473
4 252 4 276 4 255 4 193 4 089
4 805 5 031 5 116 5 185 5 228
4 154 4 405 4 615 4 859 5 080
2 391 2 610 2 631 2 727 2 882
779 821 813 821 836
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
23 240 23 806 24 014 24 704 25 412
2 054 2 142 2 146 2 232 2 314
805 774 741 850 950
1 251 1 368 1 405 1 380 1 365
21 185 21 664 21 868 22 473 23 098
2 579 2 697 2 803 2 959 3 209
4 131 4 143 4 103 4 174 4 180
5 302 5 390 5 474 5 601 5 615
5 278 5 403 5 381 5 502 5 681
2 986 3 106 3 197 3 331 3 441
908 926 913 906 966
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
26 200 27 299 28 360 29 204 30 513
2 513 2 873 2 887 2 938 3 100
954 1 055 1 076 1 130 1 239
1 559 1 818 1 810 1 808 1 859
23 686 24 431 25 475 26 266 27 413
3 365 3 590 3 966 4 235 4 597
4 330 4 510 4 848 5 098 5 395
5 720 5 755 5 844 5 866 5 902
5 711 5 884 5 983 6 130 6 386
3 587 3 728 3 855 3 939 4 077
976 964 979 999 1 057
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
31 543 32 202 33 479 34 804 36 211
3 241 3 298 3 578 3 814 4 010
1 325 1 336 1 464 1 592 1 672
1 916 1 963 2 114 2 221 2 338
28 301 28 904 29 901 30 991 32 201
4 880 5 098 5 364 5 663 5 926
5 708 5 983 6 610 7 320 7 989
5 968 5 957 6 027 6 154 6 362
6 532 6 573 6 555 6 567 6 699
4 157 4 234 4 257 4 228 4 221
1 056 1 059 1 089 1 061 1 002
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
37 475 38 983 40 613 42 631 44 235
4 065 4 170 4 303 4 503 4 527
1 674 1 698 1 765 1 900 1 887
2 391 2 470 2 538 2 603 2 639
33 410 34 814 36 310 38 128 39 708
6 185 6 418 6 717 7 043 7 234
8 673 9 419 10 149 10 888 11 551
6 505 6 817 7 171 7 662 8 154
6 683 6 689 6 720 6 807 6 889
4 323 4 402 4 477 4 593 4 719
1 042 1 069 1 078 1 134 1 161
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
45 487 46 696 47 755 48 503 49 709
4 381 4 211 4 056 3 868 3 810
1 781 1 691 1 561 1 452 1 458
2 599 2 520 2 495 2 416 2 351
41 106 42 485 43 699 44 636 45 900
7 315 7 451 7 477 7 451 7 451
12 257 12 912 13 393 13 796 14 234
8 627 9 045 9 651 10 213 10 896
7 004 7 101 7 105 7 105 7 230
4 742 4 799 4 888 4 873 4 911
1 161 1 176 1 185 1 198 1 177
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
51 050 52 413 53 658 54 742 56 030
3 767 3 824 3 875 3 872 3 818
1 491 1 580 1 638 1 572 1 495
2 276 2 244 2 237 2 300 2 323
47 283 48 589 49 783 50 870 52 212
7 434 7 293 7 140 6 910 6 721
14 742 15 208 15 577 15 761 15 990
11 567 12 204 12 873 13 361 13 980
7 452 7 746 8 034 8 537 8 997
4 932 4 940 4 937 4 977 5 095
1 156 1 199 1 221 1 324 1 429
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
56 829 57 178 58 141 58 795 60 239
3 698 3 470 3 345 3 408 3 585
1 400 1 337 1 316 1 335 1 504
2 298 2 133 2 030 2 073 2 081
53 131 53 708 54 796 55 388 56 655
6 834 6 728 6 750 6 683 6 592
16 058 15 867 15 875 15 566 15 499
14 663 15 235 15 552 15 849 16 259
9 145 9 465 10 120 10 733 11 357
4 948 4 924 5 035 5 097 5 289
1 483 1 489 1 464 1 459 1 658
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
60 944 61 857 63 036 63 714 64 855
3 729 3 763 3 837 4 012 4 015
1 557 1 599 1 561 1 607 1 606
2 172 2 164 2 277 2 405 2 410
57 215 58 094 59 198 59 702 60 840
6 349 6 273 6 348 6 418 6 643
15 528 15 403 15 271 15 017 14 826
16 562 16 954 17 268 17 294 17 501
11 801 12 430 13 010 13 405 13 994
5 356 5 452 5 713 5 962 6 204
1 618 1 581 1 590 1 607 1 673
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
66 303 66 848 67 363 68 272
4 002 3 832 3 715 3 556
1 585 1 520 1 439 1 452
2 416 2 313 2 277 2 104
62 301 63 016 63 648 64 716
6 730 6 917 7 012 7 021
14 912 14 690 14 600 14 576
17 473 17 386 17 098 16 933
14 802 15 221 15 454 15 919
6 561 6 932 7 559 8 168
1 823 1 870 1 926 2 099
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
35
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE1 1954 ............................................
56 816
3 501
1 448
2 054
53 315
4 752
13 226
13 540
11 258
7 591
2 946
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
58 085 59 428 59 754 60 293 60 952
3 598 3 771 3 775 3 757 4 000
1 511 1 656 1 637 1 615 1 775
2 087 2 113 2 135 2 144 2 225
54 487 55 657 55 979 56 536 56 952
4 941 5 194 5 283 5 449 5 544
13 267 13 154 13 044 12 884 12 670
13 729 14 000 14 117 14 257 14 355
11 680 12 061 12 382 12 727 13 048
7 810 8 080 8 091 8 254 8 411
3 062 3 166 3 049 2 964 2 925
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
61 915 62 656 62 750 63 830 64 921
4 275 4 362 4 354 4 559 4 784
1 871 1 767 1 709 1 950 2 211
2 405 2 594 2 645 2 608 2 572
57 640 58 294 58 396 59 271 60 137
5 787 6 026 6 164 6 537 6 952
12 594 12 503 12 218 12 229 12 235
14 450 14 557 14 695 14 859 14 852
13 322 13 517 13 551 13 789 14 043
8 522 8 773 8 856 9 067 9 239
2 964 2 917 2 912 2 790 2 817
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
66 137 67 276 68 699 69 976 71 778
5 267 5 827 5 749 5 839 6 168
2 221 2 367 2 432 2 519 2 698
3 044 3 460 3 318 3 320 3 470
60 870 61 449 62 950 64 137 65 611
7 189 7 324 7 886 8 109 8 614
12 391 12 591 13 123 13 740 14 289
14 900 14 785 14 765 14 683 14 564
14 162 14 370 14 545 14 756 15 057
9 392 9 583 9 817 9 968 10 132
2 839 2 793 2 821 2 884 2 954
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
73 556 74 963 77 275 79 151 81 281
6 442 6 681 7 193 7 579 7 899
2 824 2 894 3 096 3 320 3 441
3 617 3 787 4 098 4 260 4 459
67 113 68 282 70 082 71 572 73 381
9 238 9 889 10 605 11 182 11 600
14 896 15 445 16 584 17 764 18 862
14 525 14 374 14 399 14 440 14 644
15 269 15 343 15 283 15 256 15 375
10 255 10 351 10 402 10 240 10 241
2 930 2 880 2 809 2 687 2 656
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
82 831 84 767 87 141 89 634 91 923
7 899 8 088 8 352 8 555 8 548
3 375 3 410 3 562 3 715 3 668
4 525 4 679 4 790 4 839 4 881
74 932 76 678 78 789 81 079 83 375
12 019 12 444 12 892 13 309 13 632
19 897 20 990 22 099 23 067 24 101
14 753 15 088 15 604 16 353 17 123
15 308 15 187 15 053 15 004 14 965
10 287 10 371 10 495 10 602 10 767
2 668 2 599 2 647 2 745 2 787
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
93 600 95 052 96 143 97 021 98 492
8 312 7 962 7 518 7 186 6 952
3 485 3 274 3 001 2 765 2 720
4 827 4 688 4 518 4 421 4 232
85 286 87 089 88 625 89 835 91 540
13 769 13 926 13 866 13 816 13 733
25 181 26 208 26 814 27 237 27 958
17 811 18 445 19 491 20 488 21 588
14 956 14 993 14 879 14 798 14 899
10 812 10 764 10 832 10 732 10 701
2 759 2 753 2 742 2 766 2 660
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
99 926 101 801 103 290 104 756 106 355
6 841 6 862 6 893 6 940 6 809
2 777 2 895 2 963 2 861 2 685
4 065 3 967 3 931 4 079 4 124
93 085 94 939 96 396 97 815 99 546
13 469 13 176 12 764 12 311 11 940
28 640 29 497 29 956 30 167 30 388
22 591 23 571 24 581 25 358 26 312
15 101 15 379 15 792 16 573 17 278
10 679 10 583 10 497 10 462 10 533
2 605 2 732 2 806 2 943 3 094
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
107 447 107 743 108 837 109 700 111 082
6 683 6 245 6 022 6 105 6 357
2 543 2 432 2 388 2 458 2 681
4 140 3 813 3 633 3 647 3 677
100 764 101 498 102 815 103 595 104 725
12 397 12 248 12 187 11 987 11 688
30 174 29 794 29 518 29 027 28 580
27 265 28 213 28 580 29 056 29 626
17 515 18 028 19 200 20 181 21 026
10 290 10 129 10 196 10 215 10 319
3 123 3 086 3 135 3 129 3 486
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
111 950 113 108 114 693 115 415 116 509
6 545 6 607 6 720 6 965 7 048
2 749 2 780 2 779 2 860 2 849
3 796 3 826 3 941 4 105 4 199
105 404 106 502 107 973 108 450 109 461
11 266 11 003 11 127 11 244 11 436
28 325 27 901 27 362 26 707 25 978
30 112 30 683 31 171 31 221 31 391
21 804 22 781 23 709 24 282 25 102
10 432 10 648 11 086 11 548 11 960
3 466 3 485 3 517 3 448 3 595
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
118 545 119 399 120 150 120 546
6 955 6 661 6 366 5 973
2 768 2 626 2 445 2 414
4 186 4 035 3 921 3 560
111 590 112 737 113 784 114 572
11 626 11 883 12 073 12 064
26 336 26 010 25 908 25 752
30 968 30 778 30 286 29 788
26 353 27 062 27 405 27 786
12 463 13 121 14 148 14 944
3 846 3 883 3 965 4 238
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
36
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
8 707 8 976 9 167
788 833 851
293 307 317
496 525 534
7 919 8 143 8 317
1 393 1 489 1 492
2 107 2 242 2 358
1 735 1 741 1 777
1 496 1 513 1 517
909 901 917
281 258 253
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
9 263 9 561 9 932 10 432 10 678
838 837 861 930 912
312 304 304 341 340
524 532 557 589 572
8 426 8 724 9 072 9 501 9 766
1 477 1 544 1 641 1 739 1 793
2 466 2 646 2 798 2 961 3 094
1 775 1 824 1 894 1 975 2 039
1 519 1 518 1 530 1 560 1 584
929 925 943 978 974
258 268 267 289 281
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
10 865 11 086 11 331 11 647 12 033
891 862 824 809 827
326 308 268 248 268
565 554 556 561 558
9 975 10 224 10 507 10 838 11 206
1 802 1 828 1 849 1 871 1 926
3 259 3 365 3 492 3 675 3 800
2 081 2 164 2 303 2 406 2 565
1 596 1 608 1 610 1 630 1 671
978 1 009 1 012 1 032 1 020
257 249 243 224 224
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
12 364 12 654 12 993 13 205 13 497
889 883 899 889 925
311 322 336 344 353
578 562 563 545 572
11 476 11 770 12 094 12 316 12 573
1 854 1 881 1 818 1 782 1 789
3 888 4 028 4 147 4 226 4 295
2 681 2 793 2 942 3 069 3 227
1 742 1 793 1 838 1 894 1 954
1 059 1 051 1 098 1 069 1 023
252 224 251 276 285
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
13 740 13 797 14 162 14 225 14 502
866 774 816 807 852
306 266 285 283 351
560 508 532 524 501
12 874 13 023 13 346 13 418 13 650
1 758 1 750 1 763 1 764 1 800
4 307 4 254 4 309 4 232 4 199
3 566 3 719 3 843 3 960 4 068
2 003 2 042 2 142 2 212 2 308
977 1 001 1 029 1 013 1 007
262 256 259 237 267
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
14 817 15 134 15 529 15 982 16 365
911 923 933 1 017 959
366 366 352 370 352
545 556 580 646 607
13 906 14 211 14 596 14 966 15 406
1 754 1 738 1 783 1 797 1 866
4 267 4 305 4 329 4 332 4 430
4 165 4 287 4 401 4 531 4 653
2 404 2 553 2 724 2 863 2 992
1 046 1 073 1 093 1 163 1 180
271 255 265 278 285
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
16 397 16 421 16 565 16 526
941 898 870 771
356 332 297 289
585 565 574 482
15 456 15 524 15 695 15 755
1 873 1 878 1 908 1 892
4 281 4 180 4 134 4 060
4 515 4 483 4 458 4 465
3 203 3 298 3 435 3 506
1 264 1 335 1 407 1 466
320 350 353 366
1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
3 673 4 012
407 442
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
4 171 4 205 4 536 4 979 5 219
444 447 493 533 551
... 176 184 221 207
... 285 305 312 343
... 3 820 4 059 4 446 4 668
... 729 813 901 960
... 1 248 1 325 1 446 1 532
... 875 916 1 008 1 062
... 625 656 701 704
... 294 293 323 339
... 48 55 67 72
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
6 146 6 492 6 734 7 033 7 451
645 603 585 590 618
241 215 192 189 209
404 388 393 401 409
5 502 5 888 6 148 6 442 6 833
1 136 1 231 1 251 1 282 1 325
1 843 2 015 2 163 2 267 2 436
1 163 1 239 1 313 1 380 1 509
860 886 891 931 954
414 430 444 495 524
85 87 85 86 84
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
7 698 8 076 8 541 8 982 9 323
579 571 610 671 680
199 203 206 234 224
379 368 404 437 456
7 119 7 505 7 931 8 311 8 643
1 358 1 414 1 425 1 486 1 483
2 571 2 685 2 890 2 957 3 118
1 595 1 713 1 904 1 996 2 092
985 1 097 1 086 1 147 1 205
527 511 545 621 625
82 84 81 103 120
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
10 720 10 920 11 338 11 610 11 975
829 781 796 771 807
276 249 263 246 285
554 532 533 525 522
9 891 10 139 10 542 10 839 11 168
1 839 1 835 1 815 1 811 1 863
3 590 3 596 3 740 3 800 3 865
2 386 2 539 2 735 2 865 2 965
1 320 1 376 1 442 1 534 1 626
647 681 687 684 698
110 111 122 145 151
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
12 267 12 774 13 796 14 317 14 665
850 845 911 1 007 1 049
291 284 315 320 333
559 561 596 688 717
11 417 11 929 12 884 13 310 13 616
1 818 1 845 2 004 2 077 2 052
3 943 4 054 4 298 4 372 4 330
3 113 3 361 3 601 3 707 3 929
1 671 1 697 1 945 2 090 2 178
720 806 850 894 927
152 166 186 169 199
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
16 689 17 328 17 943 18 813
1 168 1 176 1 103 960
368 352 335 322
800 824 769 638
15 521 16 152 16 840 17 853
2 546 2 616 2 678 2 672
5 197 5 380 5 645 5 960
4 241 4 377 4 545 4 867
2 387 2 583 2 657 2 894
940 1 000 1 091 1 201
209 195 224 259
HISPANIC
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
37
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE MEN1 1954 ............................................
39 759
1 989
896
1 095
37 770
2 654
9 695
9 516
7 913
5 653
2 339
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
40 197 40 734 40 826 41 080 41 397
2 056 2 114 2 108 2 116 2 279
935 1 002 992 1 001 1 077
1 121 1 110 1 114 1 116 1 202
38 141 38 620 38 718 38 964 39 118
2 803 3 036 3 152 3 278 3 409
9 721 9 595 9 483 9 386 9 261
9 597 9 661 9 719 9 822 9 876
8 025 8 175 8 317 8 465 8 581
5 654 5 736 5 735 5 800 5 833
2 343 2 417 2 307 2 213 2 158
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
41 743 41 986 41 931 42 404 42 894
2 433 2 439 2 432 2 563 2 716
1 140 1 067 1 041 1 183 1 345
1 293 1 372 1 391 1 380 1 371
39 310 39 547 39 499 39 841 40 178
3 559 3 681 3 726 3 955 4 166
9 153 9 072 8 846 8 805 8 800
9 919 9 961 10 029 10 079 10 055
8 689 8 776 8 820 8 944 9 053
5 861 5 988 5 995 6 090 6 161
2 129 2 068 2 082 1 967 1 942
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
43 400 43 572 44 041 44 553 45 185
2 999 3 253 3 191 3 236 3 413
1 359 1 423 1 464 1 504 1 583
1 639 1 830 1 727 1 732 1 830
40 401 40 319 40 851 41 318 41 772
4 279 4 200 4 416 4 432 4 615
8 824 8 859 9 102 9 477 9 773
10 023 9 892 9 785 9 662 9 509
9 130 9 189 9 260 9 340 9 413
6 188 6 250 6 348 6 427 6 467
1 959 1 928 1 944 1 981 1 996
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
46 035 46 904 48 118 48 920 49 843
3 551 3 719 3 980 4 174 4 312
1 629 1 681 1 758 1 875 1 922
1 922 2 039 2 223 2 300 2 391
42 483 43 185 44 138 44 747 45 532
4 988 5 448 5 937 6 274 6 470
10 099 10 444 11 039 11 621 12 135
9 414 9 294 9 278 9 212 9 246
9 487 9 528 9 473 9 445 9 455
6 517 6 550 6 562 6 452 6 464
1 978 1 922 1 846 1 740 1 759
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
50 324 51 033 52 033 52 955 53 856
4 290 4 357 4 496 4 565 4 537
1 871 1 869 1 949 2 002 1 974
2 418 2 489 2 548 2 563 2 563
46 034 46 675 47 537 48 390 49 320
6 642 6 890 7 097 7 274 7 421
12 579 13 092 13 575 13 939 14 415
9 231 9 289 9 509 9 858 10 183
9 415 9 310 9 175 9 068 8 968
6 425 6 437 6 492 6 508 6 571
1 742 1 657 1 688 1 744 1 761
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
54 473 54 895 55 133 55 480 56 062
4 424 4 224 3 933 3 764 3 609
1 881 1 751 1 602 1 452 1 420
2 543 2 473 2 331 2 312 2 189
50 049 50 671 51 200 51 716 52 453
7 479 7 521 7 438 7 406 7 370
14 893 15 340 15 549 15 707 16 037
10 455 10 740 11 289 11 817 12 348
8 877 8 836 8 727 8 649 8 683
6 618 6 530 6 520 6 446 6 410
1 727 1 704 1 677 1 691 1 606
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
56 472 57 217 57 779 58 317 58 988
3 576 3 542 3 547 3 583 3 546
1 467 1 502 1 524 1 487 1 401
2 109 2 040 2 023 2 095 2 146
52 895 53 675 54 232 54 734 55 441
7 122 6 986 6 717 6 468 6 316
16 306 16 769 16 963 17 018 17 077
12 767 13 207 13 674 14 068 14 516
8 730 8 791 8 945 9 285 9 615
6 376 6 260 6 200 6 108 6 082
1 595 1 663 1 733 1 787 1 835
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
59 638 59 656 60 168 60 484 60 727
3 522 3 269 3 192 3 200 3 315
1 333 1 266 1 260 1 292 1 403
2 189 2 003 1 932 1 908 1 912
56 116 56 387 56 976 57 284 57 411
6 688 6 619 6 542 6 449 6 294
16 920 16 709 16 512 16 244 15 879
15 026 15 523 15 701 15 971 16 188
9 713 9 926 10 570 11 010 11 327
5 957 5 847 5 821 5 784 5 726
1 811 1 763 1 830 1 825 1 998
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
61 146 61 783 62 639 63 034 63 413
3 427 3 444 3 513 3 614 3 666
1 429 1 421 1 440 1 487 1 478
1 998 2 023 2 073 2 127 2 188
57 719 58 340 59 126 59 421 59 747
6 096 5 922 6 029 6 063 6 151
15 669 15 475 15 120 14 770 14 292
16 414 16 728 17 019 17 157 17 201
11 730 12 217 12 710 13 003 13 368
5 809 5 943 6 154 6 415 6 618
2 000 2 054 2 094 2 013 2 117
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
64 466 64 966 65 308 65 509
3 615 3 446 3 241 3 036
1 422 1 334 1 215 1 193
2 193 2 112 2 026 1 843
60 850 61 519 62 067 62 473
6 244 6 363 6 444 6 479
14 666 14 536 14 499 14 529
16 880 16 809 16 583 16 398
13 977 14 400 14 615 14 708
6 840 7 169 7 665 7 973
2 243 2 241 2 261 2 386
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
38
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE WOMEN1 1954 ............................................
17 057
1 512
552
959
15 545
2 098
3 531
4 024
3 345
1 938
607
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
17 888 18 694 18 928 19 213 19 555
1 542 1 657 1 667 1 641 1 721
576 654 645 614 698
966 1 003 1 021 1 028 1 023
16 346 17 037 17 261 17 572 17 834
2 138 2 158 2 131 2 171 2 135
3 546 3 559 3 561 3 498 3 409
4 132 4 339 4 398 4 435 4 479
3 655 3 886 4 065 4 262 4 467
2 156 2 344 2 356 2 454 2 578
719 749 742 751 767
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
20 172 20 670 20 819 21 426 22 027
1 842 1 923 1 922 1 996 2 068
731 700 668 767 866
1 112 1 222 1 254 1 228 1 201
18 330 18 747 18 897 19 430 19 959
2 228 2 345 2 438 2 582 2 786
3 441 3 431 3 372 3 424 3 435
4 531 4 596 4 666 4 780 4 797
4 633 4 741 4 731 4 845 4 990
2 661 2 785 2 861 2 977 3 078
835 849 830 823 875
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
22 737 23 704 24 658 25 423 26 593
2 268 2 574 2 558 2 603 2 755
862 944 968 1 015 1 115
1 405 1 630 1 591 1 588 1 640
20 469 21 130 22 100 22 821 23 839
2 910 3 124 3 471 3 677 3 999
3 567 3 732 4 021 4 263 4 516
4 877 4 893 4 980 5 021 5 055
5 032 5 181 5 285 5 416 5 644
3 204 3 333 3 469 3 541 3 665
880 865 877 903 958
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
27 521 28 060 29 157 30 231 31 437
2 891 2 962 3 213 3 405 3 588
1 195 1 213 1 338 1 445 1 520
1 695 1 748 1 875 1 960 2 068
24 630 25 097 25 945 26 825 27 850
4 250 4 441 4 668 4 908 5 131
4 797 5 001 5 544 6 143 6 727
5 111 5 080 5 121 5 228 5 399
5 781 5 816 5 810 5 811 5 920
3 738 3 801 3 839 3 788 3 777
952 958 963 947 897
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
32 508 33 735 35 108 36 679 38 067
3 610 3 731 3 856 3 990 4 011
1 504 1 541 1 614 1 713 1 694
2 107 2 189 2 243 2 276 2 318
28 898 30 004 31 253 32 689 34 056
5 378 5 554 5 795 6 035 6 211
7 318 7 898 8 523 9 128 9 687
5 522 5 799 6 095 6 495 6 940
5 892 5 877 5 877 5 936 5 997
3 862 3 935 4 003 4 094 4 196
926 940 959 1 001 1 024
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
39 127 40 157 41 010 41 541 42 431
3 888 3 739 3 585 3 422 3 343
1 605 1 523 1 399 1 314 1 300
2 284 2 216 2 186 2 109 2 043
35 239 36 418 37 425 38 119 39 087
6 290 6 406 6 428 6 410 6 363
10 289 10 868 11 264 11 530 11 922
7 356 7 704 8 202 8 670 9 240
6 079 6 157 6 152 6 149 6 217
4 194 4 235 4 313 4 285 4 292
1 032 1 049 1 065 1 074 1 054
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
43 455 44 584 45 510 46 439 47 367
3 265 3 320 3 347 3 358 3 262
1 310 1 393 1 439 1 374 1 284
1 955 1 927 1 908 1 984 1 978
40 190 41 264 42 164 43 081 44 105
6 348 6 191 6 047 5 844 5 625
12 334 12 729 12 993 13 149 13 311
9 824 10 364 10 907 11 291 11 796
6 371 6 588 6 847 7 288 7 663
4 303 4 323 4 297 4 354 4 451
1 010 1 069 1 073 1 156 1 259
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
47 809 48 087 48 669 49 216 50 356
3 161 2 976 2 830 2 905 3 042
1 210 1 166 1 128 1 167 1 278
1 951 1 810 1 702 1 739 1 764
44 648 45 111 45 839 46 311 47 314
5 709 5 629 5 645 5 539 5 394
13 254 13 085 13 006 12 783 12 702
12 239 12 689 12 879 13 085 13 439
7 802 8 101 8 630 9 171 9 699
4 333 4 282 4 375 4 430 4 593
1 312 1 324 1 305 1 304 1 487
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
50 804 51 325 52 054 52 380 53 096
3 118 3 163 3 207 3 351 3 382
1 320 1 360 1 339 1 373 1 371
1 798 1 803 1 867 1 977 2 010
47 686 48 162 48 847 49 029 49 714
5 170 5 081 5 099 5 180 5 285
12 656 12 426 12 242 11 937 11 685
13 697 13 955 14 153 14 064 14 190
10 074 10 563 10 999 11 279 11 734
4 622 4 706 4 932 5 133 5 342
1 466 1 431 1 422 1 435 1 478
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
54 079 54 433 54 842 55 037
3 339 3 215 3 125 2 937
1 346 1 292 1 229 1 221
1 993 1 923 1 895 1 716
50 740 51 218 51 717 52 099
5 381 5 519 5 628 5 584
11 669 11 474 11 409 11 223
14 088 13 969 13 703 13 390
12 376 12 662 12 790 13 078
5 623 5 952 6 482 6 970
1 602 1 642 1 704 1 852
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
39
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK MEN1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
4 816 4 924 5 020
453 460 480
180 175 189
272 286 291
4 364 4 464 4 540
761 819 798
1 158 1 217 1 279
935 935 953
824 842 838
522 499 519
165 153 152
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
5 016 5 101 5 263 5 435 5 559
447 454 476 491 480
168 168 178 186 179
279 285 299 306 301
4 569 4 648 4 787 4 943 5 079
790 820 856 883 928
1 328 1 383 1 441 1 504 1 577
948 969 1 003 1 022 1 049
833 824 818 829 844
520 504 515 540 524
150 149 154 166 156
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
5 612 5 685 5 804 5 966 6 126
479 462 436 433 440
181 169 137 134 141
298 293 300 300 299
5 134 5 223 5 368 5 533 5 686
935 940 964 997 1 022
1 659 1 702 1 769 1 840 1 924
1 061 1 093 1 152 1 196 1 270
830 829 824 845 847
509 524 525 536 505
138 134 135 119 118
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
6 220 6 373 6 486 6 596 6 701
471 458 463 469 480
162 164 179 186 190
310 294 284 283 291
5 749 5 915 6 023 6 127 6 221
950 957 914 913 904
1 937 2 029 2 074 2 114 2 157
1 313 1 359 1 406 1 459 1 544
879 901 915 936 945
544 552 586 565 530
125 116 130 139 141
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
6 802 6 851 6 997 7 019 7 089
445 400 429 425 443
161 140 149 154 176
284 260 280 270 266
6 357 6 451 6 568 6 594 6 646
879 896 900 875 891
2 142 2 111 2 121 2 118 2 068
1 733 1 806 1 859 1 918 1 975
988 1 010 1 037 1 065 1 102
496 507 521 506 484
119 122 130 112 125
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
7 183 7 264 7 354 7 542 7 652
453 458 444 488 470
184 182 178 181 180
269 276 266 307 291
6 730 6 806 6 910 7 053 7 182
866 848 832 837 835
2 089 2 077 2 052 2 034 2 069
1 987 2 036 2 096 2 142 2 206
1 148 1 204 1 287 1 343 1 387
490 509 508 548 547
150 132 134 150 138
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
7 702 7 647 7 794 7 711
462 447 446 365
181 166 149 138
281 281 297 228
7 240 7 200 7 347 7 346
875 853 906 918
1 999 1 915 1 909 1 872
2 105 2 073 2 064 2 058
1 497 1 537 1 623 1 627
612 645 664 685
151 177 181 186
1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
3 890 4 052 4 148
335 373 371
113 133 128
224 240 243
3 555 3 678 3 777
632 670 694
949 1 026 1 079
800 806 824
672 670 679
387 402 398
116 105 100
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
4 247 4 460 4 670 4 997 5 119
391 384 385 439 432
144 136 127 155 161
245 247 258 283 271
3 857 4 076 4 286 4 558 4 687
687 723 785 856 865
1 138 1 264 1 357 1 456 1 517
827 855 891 953 990
686 694 712 731 740
409 421 429 439 451
108 119 113 124 124
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
5 253 5 401 5 527 5 681 5 907
412 400 387 375 387
144 139 131 114 127
267 261 256 261 260
4 841 5 001 5 140 5 306 5 520
867 888 885 874 904
1 600 1 663 1 723 1 835 1 876
1 020 1 071 1 151 1 210 1 294
767 779 786 785 823
469 485 487 496 515
119 115 108 105 106
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
6 144 6 281 6 507 6 609 6 796
417 425 435 419 445
149 157 157 158 163
268 268 278 262 281
5 727 5 855 6 071 6 190 6 352
904 924 904 869 885
1 951 1 999 2 073 2 112 2 138
1 368 1 434 1 537 1 610 1 683
862 892 924 958 1 009
515 499 512 504 493
127 107 121 137 144
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
6 938 6 946 7 166 7 206 7 413
421 374 387 383 409
145 126 135 129 174
276 248 252 254 235
6 517 6 572 6 778 6 824 7 004
879 854 863 889 909
2 165 2 143 2 188 2 115 2 131
1 833 1 913 1 985 2 042 2 093
1 015 1 032 1 105 1 147 1 206
481 494 508 506 523
143 135 129 125 142
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
7 634 7 869 8 175 8 441 8 713
458 464 489 528 489
182 184 175 189 172
276 280 314 339 316
7 175 7 405 7 686 7 912 8 224
887 890 951 960 1 031
2 177 2 228 2 277 2 298 2 360
2 178 2 251 2 305 2 390 2 447
1 256 1 349 1 437 1 520 1 606
556 565 585 615 633
121 122 131 128 147
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
8 695 8 774 8 772 8 815
479 451 424 406
175 166 148 151
305 284 276 255
8 215 8 323 8 348 8 409
998 1 025 1 002 973
2 282 2 265 2 225 2 188
2 409 2 410 2 394 2 407
1 706 1 762 1 812 1 879
652 690 743 781
168 173 171 180
BLACK WOMEN1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
40
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
HISPANIC MEN 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
2 356 2 556
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 124 2 306
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
2 597 2 580 2 817 3 041 3 184
... 260 285 299 315
... 104 105 129 121
... 155 179 171 194
2 343 2 326 2 530 2 742 2 869
... 433 485 546 562
... 771 828 882 941
... 541 567 620 648
... 398 416 425 445
... 189 197 217 216
... 34 42 52 56
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
3 818 4 005 4 148 4 362 4 563
392 359 333 348 345
147 130 111 109 113
245 229 221 239 232
3 426 3 647 3 815 4 014 4 218
697 747 759 789 822
1 161 1 269 1 361 1 447 1 540
713 756 808 852 910
522 535 539 557 570
270 278 290 311 325
62 61 58 58 51
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
4 729 4 948 5 163 5 409 5 595
334 336 345 378 400
116 114 112 123 129
218 222 233 255 271
4 395 4 612 4 818 5 031 5 195
835 888 865 897 909
1 629 1 669 1 801 1 834 1 899
957 1 015 1 121 1 189 1 221
591 661 652 686 719
331 323 325 355 375
53 56 55 69 71
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
6 546 6 664 6 900 7 076 7 210
512 466 468 455 463
165 141 154 145 163
346 325 314 310 300
6 034 6 198 6 432 6 621 6 747
1 182 1 202 1 141 1 147 1 184
2 230 2 260 2 366 2 417 2 430
1 403 1 487 1 593 1 675 1 713
775 780 844 900 922
380 401 414 394 410
65 67 74 88 89
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
7 376 7 646 8 309 8 571 8 546
479 496 531 565 596
168 156 177 188 181
311 340 354 377 415
6 898 7 150 7 779 8 005 7 950
1 153 1 132 1 267 1 288 1 231
2 469 2 510 2 684 2 733 2 633
1 795 1 966 2 091 2 173 2 219
965 967 1 112 1 164 1 205
417 469 511 541 526
98 105 113 106 136
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
9 923 10 279 10 609 11 288
676 684 632 532
204 200 183 164
471 484 449 368
9 247 9 595 9 977 10 756
1 590 1 602 1 627 1 642
3 181 3 294 3 484 3 776
2 451 2 562 2 647 2 877
1 337 1 430 1 478 1 630
555 582 607 680
134 125 134 150
1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
1 317 1 456
... ...
... ...
... ...
1 142 1 264
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
1 574 1 625 1 720 1 938 2 035
... 201 204 233 235
... 71 80 93 86
... 130 125 142 149
1 384 1 454 1 523 1 704 1 800
... 295 327 354 397
... 479 497 564 590
... 334 349 388 413
... 227 240 275 258
... 105 96 106 124
... 13 13 16 15
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
2 328 2 486 2 586 2 671 2 888
252 244 252 242 273
93 85 81 80 96
159 159 172 162 177
2 076 2 242 2 333 2 429 2 615
439 484 492 493 503
682 745 802 820 896
450 483 504 529 599
337 351 352 374 384
144 152 155 184 199
22 27 28 29 34
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
2 970 3 128 3 377 3 573 3 728
245 236 265 293 280
84 89 94 111 95
161 147 171 182 185
2 725 2 893 3 112 3 281 3 448
524 526 559 589 574
943 1 016 1 090 1 123 1 219
639 698 783 806 871
394 436 434 461 486
196 189 220 267 251
29 28 27 34 49
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
4 174 4 256 4 439 4 534 4 765
318 315 328 316 345
110 107 110 101 122
207 207 219 215 222
3 857 3 941 4 110 4 218 4 421
657 633 674 664 679
1 360 1 336 1 374 1 383 1 435
983 1 052 1 142 1 190 1 252
545 596 599 633 704
268 279 273 290 288
45 44 48 57 62
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
4 891 5 128 5 486 5 746 6 119
371 349 381 442 453
123 128 138 132 151
249 221 242 310 302
4 520 4 779 5 106 5 304 5 666
666 713 737 789 821
1 473 1 544 1 614 1 639 1 698
1 318 1 395 1 510 1 533 1 710
706 729 833 927 973
303 338 338 353 401
54 61 73 62 63
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
6 767 7 049 7 334 7 525
492 492 471 428
164 152 152 158
328 340 320 271
6 275 6 557 6 863 7 096
956 1 014 1 051 1 030
2 016 2 086 2 161 2 183
1 791 1 815 1 897 1 990
1 051 1 153 1 179 1 264
386 418 484 520
75 70 90 109
HISPANIC WOMEN
. . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
41
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
TOTAL 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
58.8 58.9
52.5 52.2
59.4 59.5
64.1 64.9
63.1 63.2
66.7 67.2
65.1 65.3
56.9 56.2
27.0 27.3
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
59.2 59.2 59.0 58.9 58.8
51.8 52.2 51.3 50.2 48.3
59.9 59.8 59.7 59.6 59.6
65.9 64.8 62.2 61.2 61.6
63.5 64.2 64.7 64.0 64.3
67.5 67.6 68.0 68.9 68.8
66.4 67.2 67.5 68.1 68.4
56.7 56.9 57.5 58.0 58.7
26.7 25.8 24.8 24.8 23.9
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
59.3 60.0 59.6 59.5 59.3
48.9 50.9 49.6 47.4 46.7
60.1 60.7 60.4 60.5 60.4
62.7 64.1 64.0 64.4 64.3
64.8 64.8 64.9 65.0 65.0
68.9 69.5 69.5 69.6 69.5
69.7 70.5 70.9 71.5 71.9
59.5 60.8 60.1 60.5 61.0
24.1 24.3 22.9 21.8 21.1
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
59.4 59.3 58.8 58.7 58.7
47.5 46.9 46.1 45.2 44.5
60.5 60.5 60.0 60.1 60.2
65.2 65.7 65.3 65.1 66.3
65.4 65.6 65.2 65.6 65.8
69.4 69.5 69.7 70.1 70.0
72.2 72.1 72.2 72.5 72.9
60.9 61.5 61.5 62.0 61.9
20.8 20.1 19.1 17.9 18.0
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
58.9 59.2 59.6 59.6 60.1
45.7 48.2 48.4 48.3 49.4
60.3 60.5 60.9 60.9 61.3
66.4 66.5 67.1 67.0 68.2
66.4 67.1 68.2 68.6 69.1
70.7 71.0 71.6 72.0 72.5
72.5 72.7 72.7 72.8 73.4
61.9 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.1
17.8 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.3
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
60.4 60.2 60.4 60.8 61.3
49.9 49.7 51.9 53.7 54.8
61.6 61.4 61.4 61.7 62.0
69.2 69.3 70.8 72.6 74.0
69.7 69.9 70.9 72.3 73.6
73.1 73.2 73.3 74.0 74.6
73.5 73.2 72.7 72.5 72.7
61.8 61.3 60.0 58.4 57.8
17.0 16.2 15.6 14.6 14.0
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
61.2 61.6 62.3 63.2 63.7
54.0 54.5 56.0 57.8 57.9
62.1 62.4 63.0 63.8 64.3
73.9 74.7 75.7 76.8 77.5
74.4 75.7 77.0 78.3 79.2
75.0 76.0 77.0 78.1 79.2
72.6 72.5 72.8 73.5 74.3
57.2 56.6 56.3 56.3 56.2
13.7 13.1 13.0 13.3 13.1
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
63.8 63.9 64.0 64.0 64.4
56.7 55.4 54.1 53.5 53.9
64.5 64.8 65.0 65.0 65.3
77.2 77.3 77.1 77.2 77.6
79.9 80.5 81.0 81.3 81.8
80.0 80.7 81.2 81.6 82.4
74.9 75.7 75.9 76.0 76.5
55.7 55.0 55.1 54.5 54.2
12.5 12.2 11.9 11.7 11.1
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
64.8 65.3 65.6 65.9 66.5
54.5 54.7 54.7 55.3 55.9
65.7 66.2 66.5 66.8 67.3
78.2 78.9 78.9 78.7 78.7
82.5 82.9 83.3 83.3 83.8
83.1 83.7 84.3 84.6 85.1
77.3 78.0 78.6 79.6 80.5
54.2 54.0 54.4 54.6 55.5
10.8 10.9 11.1 11.5 11.8
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
66.5 66.2 66.4 66.3 66.6
53.7 51.6 51.3 51.5 52.7
67.6 67.3 67.6 67.5 67.7
77.8 76.7 77.0 77.0 77.0
83.6 83.2 83.7 83.3 83.2
85.2 85.2 85.1 84.9 84.8
80.7 81.0 81.5 81.6 81.7
55.9 55.5 56.2 56.4 56.8
11.8 11.5 11.5 11.2 12.4
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
66.6 66.8 67.1 67.1 67.1
53.5 52.3 51.6 52.8 52.0
67.7 67.9 68.4 68.3 68.3
76.6 76.8 77.6 77.5 77.5
83.8 84.1 84.4 84.6 84.6
84.6 84.8 85.1 84.7 84.9
81.4 82.1 82.6 82.5 82.6
57.2 57.9 58.9 59.3 59.3
12.1 12.1 12.2 11.9 12.3
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
67.1 66.8 66.6 66.2
52.0 49.6 47.4 44.5
68.3 68.2 68.1 67.9
77.8 77.1 76.4 75.4
84.6 84.0 83.7 82.9
84.8 84.6 84.1 83.9
82.5 82.3 82.1 82.1
59.2 60.4 61.9 62.4
12.9 13.0 13.2 14.0
42
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
MEN 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
86.6 86.4
63.7 62.8
88.6 88.5
84.6 86.6
95.9 95.8
97.9 97.9
95.8 95.6
89.5 87.5
46.8 47.0
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
86.4 86.3 86.3 86.0 85.5
63.2 63.0 61.3 60.7 58.0
88.4 88.2 88.3 88.0 87.8
87.9 88.4 88.1 87.7 86.9
96.0 96.9 97.5 97.4 97.3
97.6 97.5 97.8 98.2 98.1
95.8 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.5
86.9 87.2 87.5 87.9 88.7
45.8 44.9 42.6 41.6 40.5
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
85.4 85.5 84.8 84.2 83.7
58.9 60.5 59.1 56.6 55.8
87.6 87.6 86.9 86.6 86.3
86.9 87.8 87.1 86.9 87.8
97.6 97.3 97.1 97.1 97.4
98.1 97.9 97.9 97.9 97.8
96.4 96.6 96.3 96.3 96.0
87.9 88.5 87.5 87.8 87.4
39.6 40.0 37.5 35.6 34.2
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
83.3 82.9 82.0 81.4 81.0
56.1 54.6 53.8 52.9 52.4
86.0 85.7 84.8 84.4 84.2
88.1 87.8 86.9 86.1 86.1
97.5 97.5 97.2 97.1 97.3
97.7 97.6 97.6 97.5 97.3
95.7 95.6 95.6 95.7 95.7
86.8 87.3 86.2 86.2 85.6
33.1 31.7 30.3 28.4 28.0
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
80.7 80.4 80.4 80.1 79.8
53.8 55.3 55.6 55.1 55.9
83.9 83.6 83.4 83.1 82.8
85.8 85.1 84.4 82.8 82.8
97.2 97.3 97.2 96.9 96.7
97.3 97.2 97.3 97.1 96.9
95.6 95.3 95.2 94.9 94.6
84.6 84.5 84.4 84.3 83.4
27.9 27.1 27.1 27.3 27.2
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
79.7 79.1 78.9 78.8 78.7
56.1 56.1 58.1 59.7 60.7
82.6 82.1 81.6 81.3 81.0
83.3 83.0 83.9 85.2 85.9
96.4 95.9 95.7 95.7 95.8
96.9 96.5 96.4 96.2 96.0
94.3 93.9 93.2 93.0 92.2
83.0 82.1 80.4 78.2 77.3
26.8 25.5 24.3 22.7 22.4
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
77.9 77.5 77.7 77.9 77.8
59.1 59.3 60.9 62.0 61.5
80.3 79.8 79.7 79.8 79.8
84.5 85.2 85.6 85.9 86.4
95.2 95.2 95.3 95.3 95.3
95.6 95.4 95.7 95.7 95.7
92.1 91.6 91.1 91.3 91.4
75.6 74.3 73.8 73.3 72.8
21.6 20.2 20.0 20.4 19.9
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
77.4 77.0 76.6 76.4 76.4
60.5 59.0 56.7 56.2 56.0
79.4 79.0 78.7 78.5 78.3
85.9 85.5 84.9 84.8 85.0
95.2 94.9 94.7 94.2 94.4
95.5 95.4 95.3 95.2 95.4
91.2 91.4 91.2 91.2 91.2
72.1 70.6 70.2 69.4 68.5
19.0 18.4 17.8 17.4 16.3
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
76.3 76.3 76.2 76.2 76.4
56.8 56.4 56.1 56.9 57.9
78.1 78.1 78.0 77.9 78.1
85.0 85.8 85.2 85.0 85.3
94.7 94.6 94.6 94.3 94.4
95.0 94.8 94.6 94.5 94.5
91.0 91.0 90.7 90.9 91.1
67.9 67.3 67.6 67.0 67.2
15.8 16.0 16.3 16.5 16.6
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
76.4 75.8 75.8 75.4 75.1
55.7 53.2 53.4 53.2 54.1
78.2 77.7 77.7 77.3 76.8
84.4 83.5 83.3 83.2 83.1
94.1 93.6 93.8 93.4 92.6
94.3 94.1 93.7 93.4 92.8
90.7 90.5 90.7 90.1 89.1
67.8 67.0 67.0 66.5 65.5
16.3 15.7 16.1 15.6 16.8
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
75.0 74.9 75.0 74.9 74.7
54.8 53.2 52.3 53.3 52.9
76.7 76.8 77.0 76.8 76.7
83.1 82.5 82.5 82.0 81.9
93.0 93.2 93.0 93.2 93.3
92.3 92.4 92.6 92.6 92.8
88.8 89.1 89.5 89.2 88.8
66.0 67.0 67.6 68.1 67.9
16.8 16.9 17.1 16.5 16.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
74.8 74.4 74.1 73.5
52.8 50.2 47.5 44.3
76.7 76.5 76.3 75.9
82.6 81.6 80.7 80.0
93.4 92.7 92.4 91.8
92.7 92.5 92.1 92.1
88.6 88.5 88.5 87.7
67.3 68.3 69.2 68.7
17.7 17.7 17.9 18.6
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
43
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WOMEN 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
32.7 33.1
42.0 42.4
31.8 32.3
45.3 45.0
33.2 33.4
36.9 38.1
35.0 35.9
24.3 25.3
9.1 9.6
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
33.9 34.6 34.7 34.4 34.6
41.0 42.4 42.2 40.7 39.4
33.3 34.0 34.1 33.9 34.2
46.0 46.5 44.7 44.3 45.1
34.0 35.4 35.4 34.0 34.4
39.1 39.8 40.4 41.3 41.2
37.9 39.7 40.1 40.4 41.2
27.0 27.6 28.7 29.1 30.0
9.7 8.9 9.1 10.0 9.3
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
35.7 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.1
39.7 42.2 41.1 39.0 38.2
35.4 36.4 36.5 36.9 37.1
45.9 46.3 45.9 46.3 45.1
34.9 35.4 35.6 35.6 35.3
41.6 43.1 43.3 43.4 43.4
43.8 45.5 46.5 47.8 49.0
32.5 34.9 34.5 35.2 36.6
10.6 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.2
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
37.7 38.1 37.9 38.3 38.7
39.3 39.7 39.0 38.0 37.0
37.6 38.0 37.8 38.3 38.9
46.1 47.0 47.3 47.5 49.4
36.0 36.4 36.3 37.2 37.2
43.4 43.8 44.1 44.9 45.0
49.9 50.1 50.0 50.6 51.4
37.2 37.9 38.7 39.7 40.2
10.8 10.7 10.0 9.6 10.1
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
39.3 40.3 41.1 41.6 42.7
38.0 41.4 41.6 41.9 43.2
39.4 40.1 41.1 41.6 42.7
49.9 51.5 53.3 54.5 56.7
38.5 39.8 41.9 42.6 43.7
46.1 46.8 48.1 48.9 49.9
50.9 51.7 51.8 52.3 53.8
41.1 41.8 42.4 42.4 43.1
10.0 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.9
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
43.3 43.4 43.9 44.7 45.7
44.0 43.4 45.8 47.8 49.1
43.3 43.3 43.7 44.4 45.3
57.7 57.7 59.1 61.1 63.1
45.0 45.6 47.8 50.4 52.6
51.1 51.6 52.0 53.3 54.7
54.4 54.3 53.9 53.7 54.6
43.0 42.9 42.1 41.1 40.7
9.7 9.5 9.3 8.9 8.1
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
46.3 47.3 48.4 50.0 50.9
49.1 49.8 51.2 53.7 54.2
46.0 47.0 48.1 49.6 50.6
64.1 65.0 66.5 68.3 69.0
54.9 57.3 59.7 62.2 63.9
55.8 57.8 59.6 61.6 63.6
54.6 55.0 55.8 57.1 58.3
40.9 41.0 40.9 41.3 41.7
8.2 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.3
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
51.5 52.1 52.6 52.9 53.6
52.9 51.8 51.4 50.8 51.8
51.3 52.1 52.7 53.1 53.7
68.9 69.6 69.8 69.9 70.4
65.5 66.7 68.0 69.0 69.8
65.5 66.8 68.0 68.7 70.1
59.9 61.1 61.6 61.9 62.9
41.3 41.4 41.8 41.5 41.7
8.1 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.5
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
54.5 55.3 56.0 56.6 57.4
52.1 53.0 53.3 53.6 53.9
54.7 55.5 56.2 56.8 57.7
71.8 72.4 73.0 72.7 72.4
70.9 71.6 72.4 72.7 73.5
71.8 73.1 74.5 75.2 76.0
64.4 65.9 67.1 69.0 70.5
42.0 42.3 42.7 43.5 45.0
7.3 7.4 7.4 7.9 8.4
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
57.5 57.4 57.8 57.9 58.8
51.6 50.0 49.1 49.7 51.3
58.0 57.9 58.5 58.5 59.3
71.3 70.1 70.9 70.9 71.0
73.5 73.1 73.9 73.4 74.0
76.4 76.5 76.7 76.6 77.1
71.2 72.0 72.6 73.5 74.6
45.2 45.2 46.5 47.2 48.9
8.6 8.5 8.3 8.1 9.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
58.9 59.3 59.8 59.8 60.0
52.2 51.3 51.0 52.3 51.0
59.4 59.9 60.5 60.4 60.7
70.3 71.3 72.7 73.0 73.2
74.9 75.2 76.0 76.3 76.4
77.2 77.5 77.7 77.1 77.2
74.4 75.4 76.0 76.2 76.7
49.2 49.6 50.9 51.2 51.5
8.8 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
59.9 59.8 59.6 59.5
51.2 49.0 47.3 44.8
60.6 60.6 60.5 60.6
73.1 72.7 72.1 70.8
76.1 75.5 75.1 74.1
77.2 77.1 76.4 76.0
76.8 76.4 76.0 76.8
51.9 53.2 55.2 56.6
9.4 9.6 9.8 10.6
44
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE1 1954 ............................................
58.2
48.8
58.9
61.0
63.5
68.0
67.9
58.4
23.7
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
58.7 59.4 59.1 58.9 58.7
49.3 51.3 50.3 47.9 47.4
59.5 60.1 59.8 59.8 59.7
62.4 64.1 63.7 64.1 63.7
64.0 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3
68.3 68.9 68.8 68.8 68.7
69.2 70.1 70.5 71.0 71.5
59.3 60.6 59.9 60.3 60.7
23.9 24.2 22.8 21.7 21.0
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
58.8 58.8 58.3 58.2 58.2
47.9 47.4 46.6 45.7 45.1
59.8 59.9 59.4 59.4 59.6
64.8 65.5 65.0 64.9 65.8
64.7 64.8 64.4 64.8 64.9
68.6 68.8 69.0 69.4 69.5
71.7 71.7 71.8 72.3 72.5
60.6 61.3 61.3 61.8 61.8
20.8 20.0 19.0 17.9 17.8
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
58.4 58.7 59.2 59.3 59.9
46.5 49.1 49.2 49.3 50.6
59.7 59.8 60.3 60.4 60.9
65.7 66.0 66.8 66.6 67.9
65.6 66.3 67.4 67.9 68.4
70.1 70.4 71.2 71.7 72.3
72.2 72.5 72.5 72.7 73.3
61.7 61.9 62.3 62.2 62.1
17.7 17.1 17.0 17.1 17.2
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
60.2 60.1 60.4 60.8 61.4
51.4 51.6 54.1 56.0 57.3
61.2 61.1 61.2 61.4 61.9
69.2 69.6 71.2 73.3 74.8
69.1 69.3 70.4 72.0 73.4
72.9 73.0 73.2 73.9 74.6
73.5 73.4 72.9 72.7 73.0
61.8 61.3 60.3 58.6 58.0
16.8 16.1 15.4 14.4 13.9
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
61.5 61.8 62.5 63.3 63.9
56.7 57.5 59.3 60.8 61.1
62.0 62.3 62.9 63.6 64.2
75.2 76.0 77.1 78.1 78.9
74.4 75.6 77.0 78.3 79.4
75.1 76.1 77.1 78.1 79.3
73.0 73.0 73.2 73.8 74.6
57.4 56.9 56.6 56.4 56.5
13.6 13.0 12.9 13.1 12.9
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
64.1 64.3 64.3 64.3 64.6
60.0 58.9 57.5 56.9 57.2
64.5 64.8 65.0 65.0 65.3
78.7 79.1 78.9 79.0 79.4
80.2 81.0 81.6 81.8 82.5
80.3 81.0 81.5 81.9 82.6
75.4 76.2 76.4 76.5 77.0
56.0 55.2 55.3 54.7 54.5
12.5 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.1
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
65.0 65.5 65.8 66.2 66.7
57.5 57.8 57.7 58.6 59.1
65.7 66.1 66.5 66.8 67.3
79.9 80.6 80.7 80.6 80.2
83.1 83.6 84.0 84.1 84.5
83.4 84.0 84.7 85.0 85.5
77.8 78.5 79.1 80.3 81.2
54.4 54.3 54.6 55.1 56.2
10.7 11.0 11.1 11.4 11.8
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
66.9 66.6 66.8 66.8 67.1
57.5 55.8 54.7 55.1 56.4
67.6 67.4 67.7 67.6 67.9
79.8 78.9 79.4 79.5 79.5
84.6 84.3 84.6 84.5 84.4
85.9 85.9 85.8 85.7 85.7
81.3 81.8 82.2 82.5 82.7
56.5 56.0 56.8 57.1 57.6
11.9 11.6 11.6 11.4 12.5
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
67.1 67.2 67.5 67.3 67.3
57.1 55.9 55.2 56.0 55.5
67.8 68.1 68.4 68.2 68.2
78.7 79.1 79.6 79.5 79.5
84.9 84.9 85.3 85.4 85.1
85.5 85.7 85.8 85.3 85.4
82.5 83.1 83.5 83.4 83.5
58.0 58.7 59.9 60.1 60.2
12.3 12.3 12.3 12.0 12.5
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
67.3 67.0 66.8 66.5
55.5 53.1 50.5 47.7
68.2 68.1 68.1 67.9
79.9 79.2 78.6 77.7
85.1 84.5 84.5 83.6
85.4 85.2 84.7 84.3
83.5 83.3 83.0 83.0
60.0 61.2 62.8 63.3
13.0 13.0 13.3 14.1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
45
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
59.9 60.2 59.8
39.1 39.8 39.8
63.3 63.4 63.0
68.6 69.7 69.8
74.9 75.7 75.8
74.4 74.5 74.6
70.0 70.3 69.1
56.9 55.9 54.7
17.5 16.0 15.1
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
58.8 59.0 59.8 61.5 61.4
38.2 37.0 37.9 41.0 40.1
62.0 62.5 63.2 64.5 64.5
66.1 66.8 68.2 69.9 70.0
75.6 77.4 78.3 79.6 79.2
74.1 74.9 75.9 77.4 77.9
69.0 68.6 69.0 70.4 71.1
54.3 53.4 53.7 54.8 53.5
14.9 14.9 14.5 15.3 14.5
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
61.0 60.8 61.0 61.5 62.2
38.9 37.7 36.6 36.4 38.3
64.1 64.2 64.3 64.9 65.2
69.0 69.2 68.6 68.4 69.2
79.5 78.5 78.7 79.8 79.3
77.4 78.4 79.8 80.2 81.0
71.4 71.2 71.1 72.1 73.0
52.6 52.8 52.3 52.5 51.6
13.0 12.0 11.5 10.5 10.3
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
62.9 63.3 63.8 63.8 64.2
41.2 41.3 41.6 40.8 42.5
65.6 65.9 66.5 66.5 66.7
70.0 71.7 70.5 70.5 72.2
79.8 80.1 80.7 80.8 80.9
81.5 81.9 82.6 82.6 82.7
73.4 74.3 74.7 75.0 75.5
51.4 50.6 52.4 50.6 48.3
11.2 9.7 10.7 11.5 11.6
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
64.0 63.3 63.9 63.2 63.4
38.7 35.4 37.9 37.0 38.5
66.9 66.4 66.8 66.0 66.0
68.8 67.7 67.4 67.8 68.8
79.7 78.5 79.7 78.3 78.3
82.4 82.0 81.4 81.0 80.8
76.5 76.2 76.2 75.2 74.8
49.6 50.4 51.6 50.2 49.3
11.1 10.7 10.6 9.5 10.6
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
63.7 64.1 64.7 65.6 65.8
39.9 39.2 38.7 41.6 38.7
66.3 66.9 67.6 68.2 68.9
68.7 69.0 70.9 70.6 71.4
80.0 81.1 82.0 83.0 85.2
80.4 81.0 81.4 82.2 83.0
74.1 74.9 76.3 76.7 76.4
50.3 50.9 50.5 52.3 51.4
10.5 9.8 10.0 10.3 10.4
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
65.8 65.3 64.8 64.3
39.4 37.6 36.0 32.4
68.7 68.2 67.8 67.6
71.8 69.9 68.6 68.2
84.1 83.6 82.4 81.6
82.3 82.0 81.6 82.9
76.9 75.9 76.1 75.8
52.5 53.9 54.7 54.4
11.6 12.6 12.5 12.9
1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
60.2 61.1
46.9 47.7
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
60.8 60.8 61.6 62.9 63.6
46.2 46.9 48.2 49.6 50.3
... 62.9 63.7 65.0 65.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
64.0 64.1 63.6 63.8 64.9
50.3 46.4 44.8 45.3 47.5
66.2 66.8 66.3 66.2 67.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
64.6 65.4 66.4 67.4 67.6
44.6 43.9 45.8 49.6 48.6
67.1 68.0 68.8 69.4 69.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
67.4 66.5 66.8 66.2 66.1
47.8 45.1 45.8 43.9 44.4
69.8 69.0 69.2 68.7 68.5
... ... ... ... 74.0
... ... ... ... 77.3
... ... ... ... 78.9
... ... ... ... 73.1
... ... ... ... 49.8
... ... ... ... 10.7
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
65.8 66.5 67.9 67.9 67.7
45.4 43.4 43.0 45.7 45.5
68.1 69.1 70.8 70.6 70.4
71.9 73.1 76.4 76.1 76.0
78.1 78.2 79.5 80.3 78.6
78.5 79.5 80.9 80.0 81.3
72.8 74.6 75.4 75.3 75.9
48.6 52.2 53.8 55.4 54.1
10.5 11.0 11.9 10.1 11.6
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
69.7 69.5 69.1 68.3
46.3 46.9 44.0 37.7
72.5 72.0 71.8 71.4
78.2 76.6 76.3 75.6
80.4 80.0 80.5 79.4
81.7 81.9 81.1 81.1
78.0 77.4 76.1 75.3
54.2 55.1 55.8 57.4
12.3 10.9 11.9 12.8
HISPANIC
1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
46
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE MEN1 1954 ............................................
85.6
57.6
87.8
86.3
97.5
98.2
96.8
89.1
40.4
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
85.4 85.6 84.8 84.3 83.8
58.6 60.4 59.2 56.5 55.9
87.5 87.6 86.9 86.6 86.3
86.5 87.6 86.6 86.7 87.3
97.8 97.4 97.2 97.2 97.5
98.2 98.1 98.0 98.0 98.0
96.7 96.8 96.7 96.6 96.3
88.4 88.9 88.0 88.2 87.9
39.6 40.0 37.7 35.7 34.3
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
83.4 83.0 82.1 81.5 81.1
55.9 54.5 53.8 53.1 52.7
86.0 85.7 84.9 84.4 84.2
87.8 87.6 86.5 85.8 85.7
97.7 97.7 97.4 97.4 97.5
97.9 97.9 97.9 97.8 97.6
96.1 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.1
87.2 87.8 86.7 86.6 86.1
33.3 31.9 30.6 28.4 27.9
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
80.8 80.6 80.6 80.4 80.2
54.1 55.9 56.3 55.9 56.8
83.9 83.6 83.5 83.2 83.0
85.3 84.4 84.0 82.4 82.6
97.4 97.5 97.5 97.2 97.0
97.7 97.6 97.7 97.6 97.4
95.9 95.8 95.6 95.4 95.1
85.2 84.9 84.9 84.7 83.9
27.9 27.2 27.1 27.4 27.3
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
80.0 79.6 79.6 79.4 79.4
57.5 57.9 60.1 62.0 62.9
82.8 82.3 82.0 81.6 81.4
83.3 83.2 84.3 85.8 86.6
96.7 96.3 96.0 96.2 96.3
97.3 97.0 97.0 96.8 96.7
94.9 94.7 94.0 93.5 93.0
83.3 82.6 81.1 78.9 78.0
26.7 25.6 24.4 22.7 22.4
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
78.7 78.4 78.5 78.6 78.6
61.9 62.3 64.0 65.0 64.8
80.7 80.3 80.2 80.1 80.1
85.5 86.3 86.8 87.3 87.6
95.8 95.9 96.0 95.9 96.0
96.4 96.0 96.2 96.3 96.4
92.9 92.5 92.1 92.1 92.2
76.4 75.2 74.6 73.7 73.4
21.7 20.2 20.0 20.3 20.0
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
78.2 77.9 77.4 77.1 77.1
63.7 62.4 60.0 59.4 59.0
79.8 79.5 79.2 78.9 78.7
87.2 87.0 86.3 86.1 86.5
95.9 95.8 95.6 95.2 95.4
96.2 96.1 96.0 96.0 96.1
92.1 92.4 92.2 91.9 92.0
73.1 71.5 71.0 70.0 69.5
19.1 18.5 17.9 17.7 16.4
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
77.0 76.9 76.8 76.9 77.1
59.7 59.3 59.0 60.0 61.0
78.5 78.5 78.4 78.3 78.5
86.4 87.3 86.9 86.6 86.8
95.7 95.5 95.5 95.2 95.4
95.7 95.4 95.4 95.4 95.3
92.0 91.8 91.6 91.8 92.2
68.8 68.0 68.1 67.9 68.3
15.9 16.3 16.5 16.7 16.8
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
77.1 76.5 76.5 76.2 75.9
59.6 57.3 56.9 56.6 57.7
78.5 78.0 78.0 77.7 77.3
86.2 85.4 85.2 85.5 85.5
95.2 94.9 94.9 94.7 93.9
95.3 95.0 94.7 94.5 93.9
91.7 91.4 91.8 91.3 90.3
68.6 67.7 67.7 67.3 66.4
16.6 15.9 16.2 15.9 17.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
75.7 75.8 75.9 75.6 75.6
58.5 57.1 56.1 56.6 56.4
77.1 77.3 77.5 77.2 77.2
85.1 85.0 85.1 84.6 84.9
94.1 94.4 94.2 94.4 94.3
93.4 93.6 93.7 93.7 93.8
90.0 90.4 90.6 90.3 90.1
67.1 68.0 68.9 69.1 69.1
16.9 17.2 17.4 16.6 17.2
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
75.5 75.1 74.8 74.2
56.5 53.7 50.3 47.5
77.1 76.9 76.7 76.3
85.2 84.1 83.2 82.5
94.5 93.9 93.7 93.3
93.8 93.6 93.2 93.1
89.7 89.7 89.6 88.8
68.2 69.1 70.2 69.7
17.9 17.8 17.8 18.6
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
47
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE WOMEN1 1954 ............................................
33.3
40.6
32.7
44.4
32.5
39.3
39.8
29.1
9.1
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
34.5 35.7 35.7 35.8 36.0
40.7 43.1 42.2 40.1 39.6
34.0 35.1 35.2 35.5 35.6
45.8 46.5 45.8 46.0 44.5
32.8 33.2 33.6 33.6 33.4
40.0 41.5 41.5 41.4 41.4
42.7 44.4 45.4 46.5 47.8
31.8 34.0 33.7 34.5 35.7
10.5 10.6 10.2 10.1 10.0
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
36.5 36.9 36.7 37.2 37.5
40.3 40.6 39.8 38.7 37.8
36.2 36.6 36.5 37.0 37.5
45.7 46.9 47.1 47.3 48.8
34.1 34.3 34.1 34.8 35.0
41.5 41.8 42.2 43.1 43.3
48.6 48.9 48.9 49.5 50.2
36.2 37.2 38.0 38.9 39.4
10.6 10.5 9.8 9.4 9.9
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
38.1 39.2 40.1 40.7 41.8
39.2 42.6 42.5 43.0 44.6
38.0 38.8 39.8 40.4 41.5
49.2 51.0 53.1 54.0 56.4
36.3 37.7 39.7 40.6 41.7
44.4 45.0 46.4 47.5 48.6
49.9 50.6 50.9 51.5 53.0
40.3 41.1 41.9 42.0 42.6
9.7 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.7
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
42.6 42.6 43.2 44.1 45.2
45.6 45.4 48.1 50.1 51.7
42.2 42.3 42.7 43.5 44.4
57.7 58.0 59.4 61.7 63.9
43.2 43.7 46.0 48.7 51.3
49.9 50.2 50.7 52.2 53.6
53.7 53.6 53.4 53.4 54.3
42.6 42.5 41.9 40.7 40.4
9.5 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.0
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
45.9 46.9 48.0 49.4 50.5
51.5 52.8 54.5 56.7 57.4
45.3 46.2 47.3 48.7 49.8
65.5 66.3 67.8 69.3 70.5
53.8 56.0 58.5 61.2 63.1
54.9 57.1 58.9 60.7 63.0
54.3 54.7 55.3 56.7 58.1
40.6 40.7 40.7 41.1 41.5
8.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
51.2 51.9 52.4 52.7 53.3
56.2 55.4 55.0 54.5 55.4
50.6 51.5 52.2 52.5 53.1
70.6 71.5 71.8 72.1 72.5
64.8 66.4 67.8 68.7 69.8
65.0 66.4 67.5 68.2 69.6
59.6 60.9 61.4 61.9 62.7
40.9 40.9 41.5 41.1 41.2
7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.5
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
54.1 55.0 55.7 56.4 57.2
55.2 56.3 56.5 57.2 57.1
54.0 54.9 55.6 56.3 57.2
73.8 74.1 74.8 74.9 74.0
70.9 71.8 72.5 73.0 73.8
71.4 72.9 74.2 74.9 75.9
64.2 65.8 67.2 69.2 70.6
41.5 42.1 42.4 43.6 45.2
7.0 7.3 7.2 7.7 8.2
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
57.4 57.4 57.7 58.0 58.9
55.3 54.1 52.5 53.5 55.1
57.6 57.6 58.1 58.3 59.2
73.4 72.5 73.5 73.4 73.4
74.1 73.8 74.4 74.3 74.9
76.6 76.8 77.0 76.9 77.5
71.3 72.4 72.8 74.0 75.2
45.5 45.4 46.8 47.6 49.4
8.5 8.5 8.2 8.1 9.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
59.0 59.1 59.5 59.4 59.6
55.5 54.7 54.1 55.4 54.5
59.2 59.4 59.9 59.7 59.9
72.3 73.3 73.9 74.3 73.9
75.8 75.5 76.3 76.3 76.0
77.6 77.8 77.9 76.9 77.1
75.2 76.1 76.6 76.6 77.1
49.5 50.1 51.5 51.6 52.0
9.0 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
59.5 59.4 59.3 59.2
54.5 52.4 50.8 47.9
59.9 59.9 60.0 59.9
74.5 74.2 74.0 72.7
75.7 75.1 75.0 73.7
77.2 77.0 76.3 75.5
77.5 77.1 76.6 77.3
52.4 53.8 55.8 57.4
9.4 9.6 9.9 10.8
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
48
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK MEN1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
73.6 73.4 72.9
46.3 45.7 46.7
78.5 78.4 77.6
82.7 83.7 83.6
92.7 91.8 92.8
91.1 91.0 90.4
85.4 87.4 84.0
72.5 69.5 68.9
24.2 22.3 21.6
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
70.9 70.0 70.6 71.5 71.3
42.6 41.3 43.2 44.9 43.6
76.0 75.4 75.6 76.2 76.3
78.7 79.0 79.2 78.8 80.7
91.6 90.9 90.7 90.9 90.8
89.4 89.9 91.0 90.5 90.4
83.5 82.4 82.0 83.2 84.5
67.7 65.1 65.5 67.9 64.8
20.7 19.8 20.0 21.1 19.5
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
70.3 70.0 70.1 70.6 70.8
43.2 41.6 39.8 39.9 41.7
75.1 74.5 74.7 75.2 74.8
79.9 79.2 78.7 79.4 79.1
90.9 88.9 89.2 89.0 88.9
89.1 89.3 89.8 89.7 90.0
83.0 82.7 82.2 84.5 83.7
61.9 62.1 61.9 62.6 58.9
16.9 16.0 15.9 14.0 13.7
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
70.8 71.2 71.1 71.0 71.0
44.6 43.7 43.6 43.8 44.6
74.4 74.8 74.7 74.6 74.4
79.0 80.1 77.8 79.3 80.2
88.8 89.6 89.4 89.3 89.7
89.8 89.6 88.6 88.2 88.7
83.0 84.1 83.7 83.5 82.5
58.9 59.1 62.1 59.4 55.5
13.9 12.6 13.7 14.3 14.3
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
71.0 70.4 70.7 69.6 69.1
40.7 37.3 40.6 39.5 40.8
75.0 74.6 74.3 73.2 72.5
76.8 76.7 75.4 74.1 73.9
88.8 87.3 88.0 87.3 86.2
88.1 87.7 86.5 86.1 85.9
83.5 83.4 81.8 80.0 79.1
58.0 58.7 60.0 57.9 54.5
13.0 13.0 13.7 11.6 12.7
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
69.0 68.7 68.3 69.0 68.7
40.1 39.5 37.4 40.7 38.6
72.5 72.3 72.2 72.5 72.4
74.6 73.4 72.1 71.8 69.8
87.5 87.5 86.8 87.1 89.2
84.1 84.4 84.8 85.0 86.0
78.5 78.5 80.1 79.9 78.5
54.4 55.6 54.3 57.3 55.5
14.9 12.9 12.9 14.0 12.7
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
69.2 68.4 68.4 67.3
39.2 37.9 37.3 31.1
72.8 72.1 72.1 71.5
73.3 69.7 70.7 71.1
87.8 86.6 85.9 84.7
85.2 84.9 84.7 85.7
79.2 78.4 79.5 77.7
57.4 58.9 58.4 57.6
14.4 16.7 16.9 17.0
1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
48.7 49.3 49.0
32.2 34.2 33.4
51.2 51.6 51.4
57.0 58.0 58.8
60.8 62.7 62.4
61.4 61.7 62.2
57.2 56.1 56.4
44.0 44.7 42.8
... ... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
48.8 49.8 50.8 53.1 53.1
34.2 32.9 32.9 37.3 36.8
51.1 52.5 53.6 55.5 55.4
55.9 56.9 59.3 62.7 61.5
62.8 66.7 68.5 70.6 70.1
62.0 63.0 64.1 67.2 68.0
56.6 56.8 57.9 59.4 59.6
43.1 43.7 43.7 43.8 44.0
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
53.1 53.5 53.7 54.2 55.2
34.9 34.0 33.5 33.0 35.0
55.6 56.0 56.2 56.8 57.6
60.2 61.1 60.1 59.1 60.7
70.5 70.0 70.2 72.3 71.5
68.1 69.8 71.7 72.6 73.7
61.4 62.0 62.4 62.3 64.5
44.8 45.4 44.8 44.8 46.1
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
56.5 56.9 58.0 58.0 58.7
37.9 39.1 39.6 37.9 40.4
58.6 58.9 60.0 60.1 60.6
62.5 64.6 64.4 63.2 65.5
72.4 72.4 73.5 73.7 73.6
74.8 75.8 77.8 78.1 78.0
65.7 66.5 67.5 68.3 70.0
45.3 43.6 44.4 43.4 42.4
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
58.3 57.5 58.5 57.9 58.7
36.8 33.5 35.2 34.6 36.3
60.6 60.0 60.8 60.2 60.9
62.4 60.3 60.8 62.6 64.5
72.3 71.4 73.1 70.9 71.9
77.7 77.2 77.1 76.8 76.4
70.7 70.2 71.7 71.2 71.3
43.2 44.1 45.1 44.4 45.3
... ... ... ... 9.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
59.5 60.4 61.7 62.8 63.5
39.8 38.9 39.9 42.5 38.8
61.4 62.6 64.0 64.8 66.1
63.7 65.2 69.9 69.6 72.7
73.9 75.9 78.1 79.6 82.1
77.3 78.2 78.4 79.9 80.4
70.5 72.0 73.2 74.0 74.6
47.2 47.2 47.6 48.5 48.4
7.7 7.7 8.2 7.9 8.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
63.1 62.8 61.8 61.9
39.6 37.3 34.7 33.7
65.4 65.2 64.4 64.6
70.5 70.1 66.9 65.7
81.1 81.2 79.7 79.1
79.9 79.6 79.2 80.6
74.9 73.9 73.3 74.2
48.6 49.9 51.8 51.9
9.9 10.1 9.8 10.3
BLACK WOMEN1
1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
49
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
HISPANIC MEN 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
81.5 81.7
... ...
85.9 86.0
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
80.7 79.6 80.9 81.1 81.3
... ... ... ... ...
85.5 84.2 84.8 84.9 85.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
81.4 80.6 79.7 80.3 80.6
... ... ... ... ...
84.9 84.7 84.0 84.1 84.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
80.3 81.0 81.0 81.9 82.0
... ... ... ... ...
84.0 84.6 84.5 85.0 85.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
81.4 80.3 80.7 80.2 79.2
... ... ... ... 50.0
84.7 83.8 84.0 83.5 82.5
... ... ... ... 88.0
... ... ... ... 92.5
... ... ... ... 91.5
... ... ... ... 85.7
... ... ... ... 63.6
... ... ... ... 14.4
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
79.1 79.6 80.1 79.8 79.8
50.2 50.0 47.4 48.7 50.1
82.4 83.0 84.1 83.6 83.5
86.2 85.7 88.1 88.1 88.1
92.9 93.2 93.5 94.0 93.9
91.3 91.7 91.9 91.4 92.2
85.6 87.0 87.8 86.7 86.2
62.4 65.9 68.4 70.2 68.6
15.8 16.7 17.3 14.9 18.2
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
81.5 81.0 80.2 80.1
50.7 52.2 48.8 40.9
85.3 84.3 83.6 84.1
89.1 86.8 86.1 86.2
94.1 93.4 93.5 93.6
93.3 92.7 92.1 92.9
87.6 86.7 86.1 85.4
69.4 68.6 67.3 68.8
18.5 16.8 16.3 17.4
1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
41.0 42.4
... ...
41.3 42.7
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
43.2 44.3 44.3 46.6 47.4
... ... ... ... ...
43.8 44.6 45.1 47.2 48.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
47.4 48.3 48.1 47.7 49.6
... ... ... ... ...
48.5 49.7 49.3 49.0 50.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
49.3 50.1 52.0 53.2 53.5
... ... ... ... ...
50.6 51.7 53.3 54.2 54.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
53.1 52.4 52.8 52.1 52.9
... ... ... ... 38.7
54.8 54.0 54.3 53.8 54.4
... ... ... ... 57.9
... ... ... ... 60.5
... ... ... ... 66.4
... ... ... ... 61.4
... ... ... ... 38.1
... ... ... ... 7.9
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
52.6 53.4 55.1 55.6 55.9
40.4 36.5 38.0 42.4 40.6
53.9 55.2 57.0 57.1 57.7
55.9 59.2 62.3 62.2 63.0
61.6 62.0 63.7 64.5 62.7
65.9 67.0 69.3 67.9 70.5
60.5 62.7 63.3 64.7 66.2
37.2 40.5 40.6 41.9 42.4
6.6 6.9 8.1 6.6 6.5
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................
57.5 57.6 57.6 55.9
41.4 41.1 38.8 34.5
59.3 59.3 59.5 58.1
65.0 64.6 65.0 63.3
65.3 65.2 65.8 62.9
69.9 70.3 69.5 68.5
68.5 68.3 66.3 65.3
41.2 43.2 46.1 47.1
7.7 6.7 8.5 9.4
HISPANIC WOMEN
. . . = Not available.
50
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
EMPLOYMENT
Employed Civilians in Selected Occupations by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 2003 40.0
Management, professional, and related occupations
30.0
Service occupations Sales and office occupations
20.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 10.0
0.0 Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
This chart shows the distribution of occupations within each of the selected characteristics of the population. While a larger percentage of employed women (37.6) than men (32.4) are in ‘management, professional and related occupations,’ the professional group includes teachers, a large majority of which are women. Within the service occupations, over half the women are in food preparation and personal care occupations. (Table 1-13) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The data can also be examined to determine what proportion of each occupation the particular groups occupy. Of the total population in management and professional occupations, about 50 percent are men and about 50 percent are women. However, within this group, 58 percent of the management portion are men while 56 percent of the professional portion, including teachers, are women. Only 8.2 percent of the entire management and professional group are Black and only 6.1 percent are Hispanic. (Table 1-13) • The age distribution of the employed population also varies by age. Of the total population 20 years and over, Hispanics have the highest proportion of people in the 20–24 age group, 14.4 percent compared with 10.2 percent for the entire population. The difference is even greater for the 25–34 age group. That age group represents 33.4 percent of total employed Hispanic population whereas that proportion for the total population is more than 10 points lower at 23.0 percent. (Table 1-11) • The aging of the employed population is demonstrated by the change in the distribution of the age groups between 1993 and 2003. The number of employed people in the 55–64 age group has increased by 50 percent, the 45–54 age group by 44 percent. Even the 65+ group, while a relatively small number, increased 38 percent now being 3.5 percent of the 20+ total from 2.9 percent in 1993. (Table 1-11) • Looking at employment by industry, the largest employers are manufacturing, healthcare and social assistance, and retail trade, each employing over 16 million persons, nearly one-third of total employment. The distribution of occupations within these industries is quite different. For manufacturing, production, transportation, and material moving occupations are half the total, but for health care, management, professional, and related occupations are about half the total. For retail trade, sales and office occupations, of course, are about 70 percent of the total in that industry. (Table 1-15)
51
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2003 (Thousands of people.) Employed 1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Year, age, sex, and race Total
1 to 34 hours for 35 hours or economic or more noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Total
Part-time for economic reasons
Part-time for noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER 1994 .............................................................
99 772
85 686
9 980
4 106
23 288
3 453
18 321
1 513
6 513
1 483
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
101 679 103 537 106 334 108 202 110 302
87 736 89 020 92 399 91 880 96 276
9 924 10 381 9 922 12 260 10 079
4 020 4 137 4 013 4 062 3 947
23 220 23 170 23 224 23 261 23 186
3 215 3 080 2 826 2 497 2 216
18 443 18 459 18 856 19 239 19 509
1 562 1 631 1 542 1 524 1 461
5 909 5 803 5 395 4 916 4 669
1 495 1 433 1 344 1 293 1 211
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
113 846 113 573 112 700 113 324
100 533 99 047 99 042 99 539
9 125 10 464 9 746 9 841
4 188 4 061 3 912 3 944
23 044 23 361 23 785 24 412
2 003 2 297 2 755 3 184
19 548 19 494 19 549 19 702
1 493 1 570 1 481 1 525
4 538 5 546 7 063 7 361
1 154 1 254 1 314 1 413
TOTAL, 20 YEARS AND OVER 1994 .............................................................
97 890
84 126
9 711
4 052
19 010
3 094
14 580
1 337
5 865
811
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
99 651 101 496 104 168 105 882 107 917
86 043 87 344 90 613 89 966 94 270
9 643 10 070 9 601 11 915 9 754
3 965 4 083 3 954 4 001 3 893
18 830 18 712 18 729 18 530 18 399
2 853 2 733 2 500 2 197 1 939
14 613 14 556 14 872 15 007 15 187
1 365 1 423 1 357 1 326 1 273
5 253 5 157 4 748 4 332 4 094
806 773 719 672 624
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
111 353 111 323 110 679 111 578
98 439 97 161 97 342 98 087
8 787 10 156 9 474 9 587
4 127 4 006 3 862 3 904
18 348 18 870 19 475 20 239
1 747 2 013 2 448 2 875
15 297 15 486 15 704 16 001
1 304 1 371 1 322 1 363
3 978 4 956 6 395 6 705
632 682 730 818
1994 .............................................................
58 832
51 615
5 144
2 073
7 617
1 524
5 691
403
3 745
622
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
59 936 60 762 62 258 63 189 63 930
52 833 53 425 55 216 55 080 57 034
5 120 5 290 5 040 6 136 4 971
1 984 2 047 2 001 1 973 1 924
7 441 7 445 7 427 7 504 7 516
1 401 1 322 1 187 1 063 946
5 626 5 692 5 821 6 026 6 178
414 431 418 416 392
3 374 3 276 3 012 2 707 2 548
609 604 564 559 518
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
65 930 65 623 65 205 65 379
59 345 58 386 58 318 58 428
4 555 5 241 4 971 5 023
2 030 1 996 1 916 1 927
7 375 7 573 7 697 7 953
856 1 021 1 246 1 473
6 105 6 129 6 050 6 056
414 424 401 423
2 486 3 144 4 029 4 291
488 546 568 615
1994 .............................................................
57 707
50 678
4 989
2 040
5 587
1 351
3 908
329
3 359
269
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
58 707 59 543 60 974 61 837 62 514
51 793 52 411 54 148 53 947 55 827
4 960 5 117 4 857 5 950 4 790
1 955 2 015 1 969 1 940 1 897
5 377 5 354 5 310 5 297 5 247
1 228 1 155 1 023 925 809
3 828 3 859 3 944 4 050 4 127
322 341 343 322 311
2 988 2 899 2 644 2 366 2 222
251 248 239 214 211
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
64 464 64 311 64 006 64 364
58 095 57 273 57 302 57 580
4 370 5 072 4 815 4 879
2 000 1 966 1 889 1 905
5 170 5 465 5 728 6 051
733 881 1 093 1 314
4 109 4 253 4 299 4 388
328 331 336 348
2 162 2 801 3 642 3 906
214 239 254 302
MEN, 16 YEARS AND OVER
MEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER
1Employed
persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified according to their usual status. some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part time.
2Includes
52
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) Employed 1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Year, age, sex, and race Total
1 to 34 hours for 35 hours or economic or more noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Total
Part-time for economic reasons
Part-time for noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OVER 1994 .............................................................
40 940
34 071
4 836
2 033
15 670
1 929
12 631
1 111
2 768
861
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
41 743 42 776 44 076 45 014 46 372
34 903 35 594 37 183 36 800 39 242
4 805 5 091 4 882 6 124 5 108
2 036 2 090 2 011 2 090 2 022
15 779 15 725 15 797 15 757 15 670
1 814 1 758 1 638 1 435 1 270
12 817 12 767 13 035 13 214 13 330
1 148 1 200 1 124 1 108 1 069
2 535 2 527 2 383 2 210 2 121
886 829 779 734 693
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
47 916 47 950 47 494 47 946
41 188 40 661 40 723 41 111
4 570 5 223 4 775 4 818
2 158 2 065 1 996 2 017
15 670 15 788 16 088 16 459
1 147 1 276 1 509 1 711
13 443 13 365 13 498 13 646
1 080 1 146 1 080 1 102
2 052 2 402 3 034 3 070
666 709 747 798
1994 .............................................................
40 183
33 449
4 722
2 012
13 423
1 743
10 672
1 008
2 506
543
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
40 943 41 953 43 194 44 045 45 403
34 250 34 933 36 465 36 019 38 443
4 683 4 953 4 744 5 965 4 964
2 010 2 068 1 985 2 061 1 996
13 453 13 357 13 419 13 233 13 152
1 623 1 579 1 477 1 272 1 131
10 785 10 697 10 927 10 957 11 059
1 043 1 082 1 015 1 004 962
2 265 2 258 2 105 1 966 1 872
554 525 480 458 413
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
46 889 47 012 46 673 47 215
40 344 39 889 40 040 40 507
4 417 5 083 4 660 4 708
2 128 2 040 1 973 2 000
13 178 13 405 13 747 14 188
1 013 1 132 1 355 1 560
11 188 11 233 11 406 11 613
976 1 040 986 1 015
1 816 2 155 2 752 2 799
419 444 476 515
1994 .............................................................
50 964
44 750
4 431
1 783
6 487
1 192
4 946
350
2 800
475
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
51 768 52 527 53 640 54 206 54 756
45 634 46 208 47 563 47 239 48 834
4 406 4 547 4 358 5 257 4 274
1 728 1 772 1 719 1 709 1 647
6 378 6 361 6 358 6 398 6 383
1 100 1 046 909 829 730
4 921 4 941 5 084 5 209 5 314
357 374 365 360 339
2 525 2 426 2 202 1 999 1 883
475 470 440 432 391
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
56 068 55 830 55 369 55 216
50 434 49 625 49 459 49 323
3 896 4 504 4 267 4 266
1 738 1 701 1 644 1 628
6 221 6 381 6 480 6 650
656 793 980 1 146
5 213 5 225 5 150 5 148
351 364 350 357
1 798 2 323 3 017 3 164
379 431 443 479
1994 .............................................................
49 959
43 912
4 291
1 756
4 717
1 048
3 382
287
2 533
203
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
50 691 51 442 52 498 53 017 53 513
44 726 45 300 46 609 46 240 47 764
4 263 4 397 4 199 5 095 4 124
1 702 1 745 1 691 1 682 1 626
4 563 4 534 4 488 4 483 4 420
958 907 771 716 618
3 330 3 330 3 419 3 487 3 534
275 297 298 280 268
2 260 2 167 1 946 1 756 1 651
204 197 194 164 162
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
54 778 54 666 54 333 54 339
49 335 48 636 48 581 48 585
3 733 4 354 4 133 4 145
1 710 1 676 1 619 1 609
4 341 4 579 4 790 5 010
558 677 857 1 016
3 505 3 616 3 640 3 703
278 285 293 291
1 566 2 080 2 743 2 893
165 195 200 231
1994 .............................................................
33 906
28 170
4 031
1 705
13 832
1 517
11 316
1 000
1 935
682
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
34 422 35 057 35 965 36 553 37 417
28 685 29 124 30 286 29 792 31 577
4 039 4 196 4 036 5 039 4 157
1 697 1 737 1 643 1 722 1 684
13 922 13 863 13 894 13 774 13 679
1 431 1 388 1 260 1 089 947
11 448 11 398 11 623 11 695 11 768
1 043 1 077 1 011 990 964
1 755 1 749 1 587 1 481 1 469
705 656 608 572 530
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
38 438 38 445 38 152 38 249
32 942 32 491 32 623 32 659
3 729 4 252 3 896 3 939
1 767 1 702 1 633 1 652
13 698 13 773 14 011 14 120
867 971 1 152 1 304
11 870 11 787 11 903 11 860
961 1 015 956 956
1 422 1 664 2 084 2 038
521 551 595 629
WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER
WHITE MEN, 16 YEARS AND OVER 3
WHITE MEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER 3
WHITE WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OVER 3
1Employed
persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified according to their usual status.
2Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part time. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one
race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one
53
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) Employed 1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Year, age, sex, and race Total
1 to 34 hours for 35 hours or economic or more noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Total
Part-time for economic reasons
Part-time for noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
WHITE WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER 3 1994 .............................................................
33 250
27 628
3 936
1 686
11 866
1 359
9 596
912
1 754
443
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
33 728 34 350 35 216 35 738 36 602
28 116 28 553 29 677 29 130 30 905
3 938 4 078 3 919 4 910 4 036
1 674 1 719 1 620 1 698 1 662
11 916 11 814 11 847 11 604 11 496
1 277 1 243 1 136 953 839
9 690 9 598 9 788 9 749 9 789
949 973 923 902 867
1 579 1 570 1 396 1 318 1 297
463 427 388 370 319
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
37 585 37 658 37 467 37 640
32 242 31 839 32 049 32 158
3 600 4 139 3 803 3 845
1 743 1 680 1 615 1 637
11 560 11 711 11 981 12 183
754 853 1 029 1 180
9 935 9 933 10 079 10 124
872 924 873 879
1 256 1 492 1 888 1 866
339 357 381 411
1994 .............................................................
5 452
4 723
520
209
788
247
504
38
738
111
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
5 685 5 723 5 894 6 148 6 263
4 995 4 971 5 193 5 322 5 574
513 547 490 637 494
177 206 211 189 196
737 733 713 723 764
216 199 203 168 163
479 494 474 520 568
43 40 36 34 33
660 705 648 572 528
101 103 98 99 97
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
6 350 6 178 6 194 6 055
5 704 5 509 5 541 5 414
445 468 480 453
202 200 173 188
732 761 765 765
144 165 188 221
548 557 546 505
41 39 30 39
542 626 749 804
78 83 86 87
1994 .............................................................
5 369
4 655
509
205
595
223
343
29
634
47
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
5 582 5 622 5 790 6 023 6 140
4 906 4 892 5 111 5 218 5 477
502 528 471 620 471
175 201 208 185 192
554 545 535 507 561
193 177 179 147 142
326 338 326 334 392
36 30 30 25 27
558 602 549 487 446
35 37 35 37 35
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
6 222 6 069 6 073 5 980
5 594 5 417 5 437 5 355
429 455 465 439
199 197 171 185
520 558 579 607
125 145 166 201
363 382 387 372
32 31 26 34
468 542 660 717
31 31 35 43
1994 .............................................................
5 289
4 408
627
253
1 306
319
906
79
678
140
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
5 542 5 776 6 026 6 281 6 641
4 679 4 785 5 085 5 166 5 651
594 710 652 828 734
268 280 289 288 256
1 315 1 310 1 336 1 404 1 388
290 289 305 278 257
952 933 952 1 045 1 059
74 88 79 81 72
637 652 677 624 554
140 132 136 131 130
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
6 780 6 761 6 588 6 552
5 862 5 777 5 685 5 709
632 715 640 595
287 270 263 247
1 293 1 307 1 326 1 367
211 223 259 274
1 005 998 991 1 017
77 85 76 76
515 584 744 774
106 122 114 121
1994 .............................................................
5 211
4 346
612
251
1 108
300
740
69
608
76
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
5 469 5 684 5 921 6 159 6 519
4 623 4 714 5 001 5 073 5 549
580 693 634 803 717
266 277 286 283 252
1 087 1 078 1 092 1 131 1 145
263 263 273 256 230
757 737 755 807 850
66 79 64 68 65
553 570 603 555 486
66 73 70 66 75
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
6 651 6 647 6 492 6 468
5 753 5 684 5 605 5 639
615 695 626 583
283 268 261 246
1 052 1 094 1 117 1 168
197 203 234 257
788 816 816 842
67 75 68 69
456 521 671 698
56 61 67 75
BLACK MEN, 16 YEARS AND OVER 3
BLACK MEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER 3
BLACK WOMEN, 16 YEARS AND OVER 3
BLACK WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER 3
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Employed
persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified according to their usual status.
2Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part time. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one
race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one
54
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-10. Persons Not in the Labor Force by Desire and Availability for Work, Age, and Sex, 1998–2003 (Thousands of people.) Total
Age
Category
16 to 24 years 1998
TOTAL, NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE .....................................
Sex
25 to 54 years
55 and over
Men
Women
1999 1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
67547
68385
11343
11740
18732
18785
37472
37861
24799
25210
42748
43175
........................................................
62735
63818
9491
9938
16580
16814
36664
37066
22790
23307
39945
40511
Want A Job 1 ............................................................................. Did not search for work in the previous year .............................. Searched for work in the previous year 2 ................................... Not available to work now ...................................................... Available to work now ............................................................ Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 3 ............................ Reasons other than discouragement ............................. Family responsibilities ................................................ In school or training .................................................... Ill health or disability ................................................... Other 4 ........................................................................
4812 2859 1953 643 1310
4568 2723 1844 644 1201
1852 1011 841 332 509
1802 981 822 345 477
2152 1240 912 275 637
1971 1144 827 258 569
807 608 200 36 164
795 599 196 41 155
2008 1134 875 250 624
1903 1083 820 249 571
2803 1725 1078 392 686
2665 1640 1024 395 629
331 979 143 206 104 525
273 927 132 214 97 485
108 401 37 173 14 177
86 391 29 176 13 173
170 467 93 32 69 273
146 423 92 34 57 239
53 111 13 1 21 75
41 114 11 4 26 73
198 427 23 105 52 247
161 411 29 110 39 234
133 552 120 102 52 278
113 517 103 104 58 251
Do Not Want A Job
Now 1
Total
Age
Category
16 to 24 years 2000
TOTAL, NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE .....................................
Sex
25 to 54 years
55 and over
Men
Women
2001 2000
2001
2000
2001
2000
2001
2000
2001
2000
2001
69994
71359
11702
12347
19263
19814
39029
39198
25684
26396
44310
44962
........................................................
65581
66769
10083
10616
17286
17797
38212
38355
23818
24403
41762
42366
Want A Job 1 ............................................................................. Did not search for work in the previous year .............................. Searched for work in the previous year 2 ................................... Not available to work now ...................................................... Available to work now ............................................................ Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 3 ............................ Reasons other than discouragement ............................. Family responsibilities ................................................ In school or training .................................................... Ill health or disability ................................................... Other 4 ........................................................................
4413 2705 1708 552 1157
4590 2731 1859 593 1266
1619 899 720 276 444
1730 939 791 300 492
1977 1164 813 242 571
2017 1150 867 256 611
817 642 175 34 142
842 642 201 37 163
1866 1076 789 216 573
1993 1134 859 228 631
2547 1628 919 335 584
2597 1597 1000 365 634
266 891 120 184 96 491
321 945 133 203 96 513
79 365 26 157 15 167
104 388 32 172 16 168
148 423 84 27 58 254
170 441 89 30 56 266
40 102 10 1 22 69
47 116 13 1 25 77
164 409 23 97 49 240
192 440 29 111 45 255
102 482 96 88 47 251
129 505 105 92 51 257
Do Not Want A Job
Now 1
Total
Age
Category
16 to 24 years 2002
TOTAL, NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE .....................................
Sex
25 to 54 years
55 and over
Men
Women
2003 2002
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
72707
74658
12976
13800
20358
20980
39373
39878
27085
28197
45621
46461
........................................................
68029
69932
11254
12079
18286
18857
38489
38996
24994
26073
43035
43859
Want A Job 1 ............................................................................. Did not search for work in the previous year .............................. Searched for work in the previous year 2 ................................... Not available to work now ...................................................... Available to work now ............................................................ Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 3 ............................ Reasons other than discouragement ............................. Family responsibilities ................................................ In school or training .................................................... Ill health or disability ................................................... Other 4 ........................................................................
4677 2673 2004 565 1439
4726 2631 2096 564 1531
1722 910 812 272 540
1721 882 838 274 565
2071 1112 960 252 708
2124 1129 995 248 747
884 651 233 41 191
882 620 262 43 220
2091 1135 956 227 729
2124 1127 996 231 765
2586 1538 1048 338 710
2603 1503 1099 333 766
369 1070 150 238 107 575
457 1075 153 239 113 570
110 430 31 195 16 188
134 431 37 194 15 184
209 499 99 41 61 299
248 499 94 42 72 292
51 141 20 2 30 88
75 145 22 3 26 94
226 503 34 126 50 292
266 499 35 125 51 288
143 567 116 112 56 283
190 576 118 114 62 282
Do Not Want A Job
Now 1
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job. 2Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since the end of that job . 3Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 4Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior four weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which
nonparticipation was not ascertained.
reason for
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
55
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
TOTAL 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
58 343 57 651
4 026 3 712
1 600 1 466
2 426 2 246
54 318 53 940
6 937 6 660
13 801 13 639
13 050 13 108
10 624 10 636
7 103 7 042
2 804 2 864
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58 918 59 961 60 250 61 179 60 109
3 703 3 767 3 719 3 720 3 475
1 433 1 575 1 626 1 577 1 422
2 270 2 192 2 092 2 142 2 053
55 218 56 196 56 536 57 460 56 634
6 746 6 321 5 572 5 225 4 971
13 917 14 233 14 515 14 519 14 190
13 424 13 746 14 058 14 774 14 541
10 966 11 421 11 687 11 969 11 976
7 265 7 558 7 785 7 806 7 895
2 899 2 917 2 919 3 166 3 060
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62 170 63 799 64 071 63 036 64 630
3 642 3 818 3 778 3 582 3 838
1 500 1 647 1 613 1 519 1 670
2 143 2 171 2 167 2 063 2 168
58 528 59 983 60 291 59 454 60 791
5 270 5 545 5 641 5 571 5 870
14 481 14 407 14 253 13 675 13 709
14 879 15 218 15 348 15 157 15 454
12 556 12 978 13 320 13 448 13 915
8 158 8 519 8 553 8 559 8 822
3 185 3 314 3 179 3 045 3 023
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 778 65 746 66 702 67 762 69 305
4 129 4 108 4 195 4 255 4 516
1 770 1 621 1 607 1 751 2 013
2 360 2 486 2 588 2 504 2 503
61 648 61 638 62 508 63 508 64 789
6 119 6 227 6 446 6 815 7 303
13 630 13 429 13 311 13 318 13 449
15 598 15 552 15 901 16 114 16 166
14 238 14 320 14 491 14 749 15 094
8 989 9 120 9 346 9 596 9 804
3 073 2 987 3 013 2 915 2 973
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
71 088 72 895 74 372 75 920 77 902
5 036 5 721 5 682 5 781 6 117
2 075 2 269 2 334 2 403 2 573
2 962 3 452 3 348 3 377 3 543
66 052 67 178 68 690 70 141 71 785
7 702 7 964 8 499 8 762 9 319
13 704 14 017 14 575 15 265 15 883
16 294 16 312 16 281 16 220 16 100
15 320 15 615 15 789 16 083 16 410
10 028 10 310 10 536 10 745 10 919
3 005 2 961 3 011 3 065 3 155
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
78 678 79 367 82 153 85 064 86 794
6 144 6 208 6 746 7 271 7 448
2 598 2 596 2 787 3 032 3 111
3 546 3 613 3 959 4 239 4 338
72 534 73 158 75 407 77 793 79 347
9 731 10 201 10 999 11 839 12 101
16 318 16 781 18 082 19 509 20 610
15 922 15 675 15 822 16 041 16 203
16 473 16 451 16 457 16 553 16 633
10 974 11 009 11 044 10 966 10 964
3 118 3 040 3 003 2 886 2 835
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
85 846 88 752 92 017 96 048 98 824
7 104 7 336 7 688 8 070 8 083
2 941 2 972 3 138 3 330 3 340
4 162 4 363 4 550 4 739 4 743
78 744 81 416 84 329 87 979 90 741
11 885 12 570 13 196 13 887 14 327
21 087 22 493 23 850 25 281 26 492
15 953 16 468 17 157 18 128 18 981
16 190 16 224 16 212 16 338 16 357
10 827 10 912 11 126 11 400 11 585
2 801 2 747 2 787 2 946 2 999
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
99 303 100 397 99 526 100 834 105 005
7 710 7 225 6 549 6 342 6 444
3 106 2 866 2 505 2 320 2 404
4 605 4 359 4 044 4 022 4 040
91 593 93 172 92 978 94 491 98 562
14 087 14 122 13 690 13 722 14 207
27 204 28 180 28 149 28 756 30 348
19 523 20 145 20 879 21 960 23 598
16 234 16 255 15 923 15 812 16 178
11 586 11 525 11 414 11 315 11 395
2 960 2 945 2 923 2 927 2 835
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
107 150 109 597 112 440 114 968 117 342
6 434 6 472 6 640 6 805 6 759
2 492 2 622 2 736 2 713 2 588
3 941 3 850 3 905 4 092 4 172
100 716 103 125 105 800 108 164 110 582
13 980 13 790 13 524 13 244 12 962
31 208 32 201 33 105 33 574 34 045
24 732 25 861 27 179 28 269 29 443
16 509 16 949 17 487 18 447 19 279
11 474 11 405 11 465 11 433 11 499
2 813 2 919 3 041 3 197 3 355
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
118 793 117 718 118 492 120 259 123 060
6 581 5 906 5 669 5 805 6 161
2 410 2 202 2 128 2 226 2 510
4 171 3 704 3 540 3 579 3 651
112 213 111 812 112 824 114 455 116 899
13 401 12 975 12 872 12 840 12 758
33 935 33 061 32 667 32 385 32 286
30 817 31 593 31 923 32 666 33 599
19 525 19 882 21 022 22 175 23 348
11 189 11 001 10 998 11 058 11 228
3 346 3 300 3 341 3 331 3 681
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
124 900 126 708 129 558 131 463 133 488
6 419 6 500 6 661 7 051 7 172
2 573 2 646 2 648 2 762 2 793
3 846 3 853 4 012 4 289 4 379
118 481 120 208 122 897 124 413 126 316
12 443 12 138 12 380 12 557 12 891
32 356 32 077 31 809 31 394 30 865
34 202 35 051 35 908 36 278 36 728
24 378 25 514 26 744 27 587 28 635
11 435 11 739 12 296 12 872 13 315
3 666 3 690 3 761 3 725 3 882
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
136 891 136 933 136 485 137 736
7 189 6 740 6 332 5 919
2 759 2 558 2 330 2 312
4 431 4 182 4 002 3 607
129 701 130 194 130 154 131 817
13 229 13 348 13 351 13 433
31 549 30 863 30 306 30 383
36 433 36 049 35 235 34 881
30 310 31 036 31 281 31 914
14 002 14 645 15 674 16 598
4 179 4 253 4 306 4 608
56
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
MEN 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
41 725 40 925
2 344 2 124
996 911
1 348 1 213
39 382 38 803
4 349 4 197
10 038 9 879
9 363 9 308
7 742 7 661
5 587 5 438
2 303 2 329
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41 578 41 780 41 682 42 430 41 619
2 186 2 156 2 107 2 136 1 985
909 979 985 976 881
1 277 1 177 1 121 1 159 1 104
39 394 39 626 39 578 40 296 39 634
4 255 3 780 3 183 2 901 2 724
10 060 10 134 10 352 10 500 10 254
9 445 9 607 9 753 10 229 10 082
7 790 8 012 8 144 8 374 8 330
5 508 5 711 5 804 5 808 5 830
2 336 2 382 2 343 2 483 2 414
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 621 43 379 43 357 42 423 43 466
2 095 2 164 2 115 2 012 2 198
936 1 008 987 948 1 015
1 159 1 156 1 130 1 064 1 183
40 526 41 216 41 239 40 411 41 267
2 973 3 245 3 346 3 293 3 597
10 453 10 337 10 222 9 790 9 862
10 267 10 385 10 427 10 291 10 492
8 553 8 732 8 851 8 828 9 048
5 857 6 004 6 002 5 955 6 058
2 424 2 512 2 394 2 254 2 210
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
43 904 43 656 44 177 44 657 45 474
2 361 2 315 2 362 2 406 2 587
1 090 989 990 1 073 1 242
1 271 1 325 1 372 1 334 1 345
41 543 41 342 41 815 42 251 42 886
3 754 3 795 3 898 4 118 4 370
9 759 9 591 9 475 9 431 9 531
10 552 10 505 10 711 10 801 10 832
9 182 9 195 9 333 9 478 9 637
6 105 6 155 6 260 6 385 6 478
2 191 2 098 2 138 2 038 2 039
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
46 340 46 919 47 479 48 114 48 818
2 918 3 253 3 186 3 255 3 430
1 285 1 389 1 417 1 453 1 526
1 634 1 863 1 769 1 802 1 904
43 422 43 668 44 294 44 859 45 388
4 583 4 599 4 809 4 812 5 012
9 611 9 709 9 988 10 405 10 736
10 837 10 764 10 674 10 554 10 401
9 792 9 904 9 990 10 102 10 187
6 542 6 668 6 774 6 893 6 931
2 057 2 024 2 058 2 093 2 122
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48 990 49 390 50 896 52 349 53 024
3 409 3 478 3 765 4 039 4 103
1 504 1 510 1 598 1 721 1 744
1 905 1 968 2 167 2 318 2 359
45 581 45 912 47 130 48 310 48 922
5 237 5 593 6 138 6 655 6 739
10 936 11 218 11 884 12 617 13 119
10 216 10 028 10 088 10 126 10 135
10 170 10 139 10 139 10 197 10 181
6 928 6 916 6 929 6 857 6 880
2 094 2 019 1 953 1 856 1 869
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
51 857 53 138 54 728 56 479 57 607
3 839 3 947 4 174 4 336 4 300
1 621 1 626 1 733 1 800 1 799
2 219 2 321 2 441 2 535 2 501
48 018 49 190 50 555 52 143 53 308
6 484 6 915 7 232 7 559 7 791
13 205 13 869 14 483 15 124 15 688
9 891 10 069 10 399 10 845 11 202
9 902 9 881 9 832 9 806 9 735
6 722 6 724 6 848 6 954 7 015
1 811 1 732 1 761 1 855 1 876
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57 186 57 397 56 271 56 787 59 091
4 085 3 815 3 379 3 300 3 322
1 672 1 526 1 307 1 213 1 244
2 412 2 289 2 072 2 087 2 078
53 101 53 582 52 891 53 487 55 769
7 532 7 504 7 197 7 232 7 571
15 832 16 266 16 002 16 216 17 166
11 355 11 613 11 902 12 450 13 309
9 548 9 478 9 234 9 133 9 326
6 999 6 909 6 781 6 686 6 694
1 835 1 812 1 776 1 770 1 703
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
59 891 60 892 62 107 63 273 64 315
3 328 3 323 3 381 3 492 3 477
1 300 1 352 1 393 1 403 1 327
2 029 1 971 1 988 2 089 2 150
56 562 57 569 58 726 59 781 60 837
7 339 7 250 7 058 6 918 6 799
17 564 18 092 18 487 18 702 18 952
13 800 14 266 14 898 15 457 16 002
9 411 9 554 9 750 10 201 10 569
6 753 6 654 6 682 6 591 6 548
1 695 1 753 1 850 1 911 1 968
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 104 64 223 64 440 65 349 66 450
3 427 3 044 2 944 2 994 3 156
1 254 1 135 1 096 1 155 1 288
2 173 1 909 1 848 1 839 1 868
61 678 61 178 61 496 62 355 63 294
7 151 6 909 6 819 6 805 6 771
18 779 18 265 17 966 17 877 17 741
16 771 17 086 17 230 17 665 18 111
10 690 10 813 11 365 11 927 12 439
6 378 6 245 6 173 6 166 6 142
1 909 1 860 1 943 1 916 2 089
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
67 377 68 207 69 685 70 693 71 446
3 292 3 310 3 401 3 558 3 685
1 316 1 318 1 355 1 398 1 437
1 977 1 992 2 045 2 161 2 249
64 085 64 897 66 284 67 135 67 761
6 665 6 429 6 548 6 638 6 729
17 709 17 527 17 338 17 097 16 694
18 374 18 816 19 327 19 634 19 811
12 958 13 483 14 107 14 544 14 991
6 272 6 470 6 735 7 052 7 274
2 108 2 172 2 229 2 171 2 263
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
73 305 73 196 72 903 73 332
3 671 3 420 3 169 2 917
1 394 1 268 1 130 1 115
2 276 2 151 2 040 1 802
69 634 69 776 69 734 70 415
6 974 6 952 6 978 7 065
17 241 16 915 16 573 16 670
19 537 19 305 18 932 18 774
15 871 16 268 16 419 16 588
7 606 7 900 8 378 8 733
2 406 2 437 2 455 2 585
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
57
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WOMEN 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
16 617 16 723
1 682 1 588
604 555
1 078 1 033
14 936 15 137
2 588 2 463
3 763 3 760
3 687 3 800
2 882 2 975
1 516 1 604
501 535
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
17 340 18 181 18 568 18 749 18 490
1 517 1 611 1 612 1 584 1 490
524 596 641 601 541
993 1 015 971 983 949
15 824 16 570 16 958 17 164 17 000
2 491 2 541 2 389 2 324 2 247
3 857 4 099 4 163 4 019 3 936
3 979 4 139 4 305 4 545 4 459
3 176 3 409 3 543 3 595 3 646
1 757 1 847 1 981 1 998 2 065
563 535 576 683 646
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
19 551 20 419 20 714 20 613 21 164
1 547 1 654 1 663 1 570 1 640
564 639 626 571 655
984 1 015 1 037 999 985
18 002 18 767 19 052 19 043 19 524
2 297 2 300 2 295 2 278 2 273
4 028 4 070 4 031 3 885 3 847
4 612 4 833 4 921 4 866 4 962
4 003 4 246 4 469 4 620 4 867
2 301 2 515 2 551 2 604 2 764
761 802 785 791 813
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 874 22 090 22 525 23 105 23 831
1 768 1 793 1 833 1 849 1 929
680 632 617 678 771
1 089 1 161 1 216 1 170 1 158
20 105 20 296 20 693 21 257 21 903
2 365 2 432 2 548 2 697 2 933
3 871 3 838 3 836 3 887 3 918
5 046 5 047 5 190 5 313 5 334
5 056 5 125 5 158 5 271 5 457
2 884 2 965 3 086 3 211 3 326
882 889 875 877 934
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
24 748 25 976 26 893 27 807 29 084
2 118 2 468 2 496 2 526 2 687
790 880 917 950 1 047
1 328 1 589 1 579 1 575 1 639
22 630 23 510 24 397 25 281 26 397
3 119 3 365 3 690 3 950 4 307
4 093 4 308 4 587 4 860 5 147
5 457 5 548 5 607 5 666 5 699
5 528 5 711 5 799 5 981 6 223
3 486 3 642 3 762 3 852 3 988
948 937 953 972 1 033
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
29 688 29 976 31 257 32 715 33 769
2 735 2 730 2 980 3 231 3 345
1 094 1 086 1 188 1 310 1 367
1 641 1 645 1 792 1 920 1 978
26 952 27 246 28 276 29 484 30 424
4 494 4 609 4 861 5 184 5 363
5 382 5 563 6 197 6 893 7 492
5 706 5 647 5 734 5 915 6 068
6 303 6 313 6 318 6 356 6 451
4 046 4 093 4 115 4 109 4 084
1 023 1 021 1 051 1 029 966
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
33 989 35 615 37 289 39 569 41 217
3 263 3 389 3 514 3 734 3 783
1 320 1 346 1 403 1 530 1 541
1 943 2 043 2 110 2 204 2 242
30 726 32 226 33 775 35 836 37 434
5 401 5 655 5 965 6 328 6 538
7 882 8 624 9 367 10 157 10 802
6 061 6 400 6 758 7 282 7 779
6 288 6 343 6 380 6 532 6 622
4 105 4 188 4 279 4 446 4 569
989 1 017 1 027 1 091 1 124
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 117 43 000 43 256 44 047 45 915
3 625 3 411 3 170 3 043 3 122
1 433 1 340 1 198 1 107 1 161
2 192 2 070 1 972 1 935 1 962
38 492 39 590 40 086 41 004 42 793
6 555 6 618 6 492 6 490 6 636
11 370 11 914 12 147 12 540 13 182
8 168 8 532 8 977 9 510 10 289
6 686 6 777 6 689 6 678 6 852
4 587 4 616 4 634 4 629 4 700
1 125 1 133 1 147 1 157 1 133
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
47 259 48 706 50 334 51 696 53 027
3 105 3 149 3 260 3 313 3 282
1 193 1 270 1 343 1 310 1 261
1 913 1 879 1 917 2 003 2 021
44 154 45 556 47 074 48 383 49 745
6 640 6 540 6 466 6 326 6 163
13 644 14 109 14 617 14 872 15 093
10 933 11 595 12 281 12 811 13 440
7 097 7 395 7 737 8 246 8 711
4 721 4 751 4 783 4 841 4 950
1 118 1 165 1 191 1 286 1 388
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53 689 53 496 54 052 54 910 56 610
3 154 2 862 2 724 2 811 3 005
1 156 1 067 1 032 1 071 1 222
1 998 1 794 1 692 1 740 1 783
50 535 50 634 51 328 52 099 53 606
6 250 6 066 6 053 6 035 5 987
15 155 14 796 14 701 14 508 14 545
14 046 14 507 14 693 15 002 15 488
8 835 9 069 9 657 10 248 10 908
4 811 4 756 4 825 4 892 5 085
1 437 1 440 1 398 1 414 1 592
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57 523 58 501 59 873 60 771 62 042
3 127 3 190 3 260 3 493 3 487
1 258 1 328 1 293 1 364 1 357
1 869 1 862 1 967 2 128 2 130
54 396 55 311 56 613 57 278 58 555
5 779 5 709 5 831 5 919 6 163
14 647 14 549 14 471 14 298 14 171
15 828 16 235 16 581 16 644 16 917
11 421 12 031 12 637 13 043 13 644
5 163 5 269 5 561 5 820 6 041
1 558 1 518 1 532 1 554 1 619
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63 586 63 737 63 582 64 404
3 519 3 320 3 162 3 002
1 364 1 289 1 200 1 197
2 154 2 031 1 962 1 805
60 067 60 417 60 420 61 402
6 255 6 396 6 374 6 367
14 308 13 948 13 733 13 714
16 897 16 744 16 303 16 106
14 438 14 768 14 863 15 326
6 396 6 745 7 296 7 866
1 773 1 815 1 851 2 023
58
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE1 1954 ......................................................
53 957
3 078
1 257
1 822
50 879
4 358
12 616
13 000
10 811
7 262
2 831
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
55 833 57 269 57 465 56 613 58 006
3 225 3 389 3 374 3 216 3 475
1 330 1 465 1 442 1 370 1 520
1 896 1 922 1 931 1 847 1 955
52 608 53 880 54 091 53 397 54 531
4 637 4 897 4 952 4 908 5 138
12 855 12 748 12 619 12 128 12 144
13 327 13 637 13 716 13 571 13 830
11 322 11 706 12 009 12 113 12 552
7 510 7 822 7 829 7 849 8 063
2 957 3 068 2 951 2 828 2 805
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58 850 58 913 59 698 60 622 61 922
3 700 3 693 3 774 3 851 4 076
1 598 1 472 1 447 1 600 1 846
2 103 2 220 2 327 2 250 2 230
55 150 55 220 55 924 56 771 57 846
5 331 5 460 5 676 6 036 6 444
12 021 11 835 11 703 11 689 11 794
13 930 13 905 14 173 14 341 14 380
12 820 12 906 13 066 13 304 13 596
8 192 8 335 8 511 8 718 8 916
2 855 2 778 2 795 2 683 2 717
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63 446 65 021 66 361 67 750 69 518
4 562 5 176 5 114 5 195 5 508
1 892 2 052 2 121 2 193 2 347
2 670 3 124 2 993 3 002 3 161
58 884 59 845 61 247 62 555 64 010
6 752 6 986 7 493 7 687 8 182
11 992 12 268 12 763 13 410 13 935
14 473 14 449 14 429 14 386 14 270
13 804 14 072 14 224 14 487 14 788
9 116 9 356 9 596 9 781 9 947
2 748 2 713 2 746 2 804 2 888
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
70 217 70 878 73 370 75 708 77 184
5 571 5 670 6 173 6 623 6 796
2 386 2 404 2 581 2 806 2 881
3 185 3 266 3 592 3 816 3 916
64 645 65 208 67 197 69 086 70 388
8 559 9 000 9 718 10 424 10 676
14 326 14 713 15 904 17 099 18 040
14 092 13 858 13 940 14 083 14 196
14 854 14 843 14 845 14 886 14 948
9 979 10 014 10 077 9 983 9 958
2 835 2 780 2 714 2 610 2 568
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
76 411 78 853 81 700 84 936 87 259
6 487 6 724 7 068 7 367 7 356
2 721 2 762 2 926 3 085 3 079
3 770 3 962 4 142 4 282 4 278
69 924 72 129 74 632 77 569 79 904
10 546 11 119 11 696 12 251 12 594
18 485 19 662 20 844 22 008 23 033
13 979 14 407 14 984 15 809 16 578
14 555 14 549 14 483 14 550 14 522
9 827 9 923 10 107 10 311 10 477
2 533 2 470 2 518 2 642 2 699
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
87 715 88 709 87 903 88 893 92 120
7 021 6 588 5 984 5 799 5 836
2 861 2 645 2 317 2 156 2 209
4 161 3 943 3 667 3 643 3 627
80 694 82 121 81 918 83 094 86 284
12 405 12 477 12 097 12 138 12 451
23 653 24 551 24 531 24 955 26 235
17 071 17 617 18 268 19 194 20 552
14 405 14 414 14 083 13 961 14 239
10 475 10 386 10 283 10 169 10 227
2 684 2 676 2 656 2 678 2 580
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
93 736 95 660 97 789 99 812 101 584
5 768 5 792 5 898 6 030 5 946
2 270 2 386 2 468 2 424 2 278
3 498 3 406 3 431 3 606 3 668
87 968 89 869 91 890 93 782 95 638
12 235 12 027 11 748 11 438 11 084
26 945 27 746 28 429 28 796 29 091
21 552 22 515 23 596 24 468 25 442
14 459 14 750 15 216 16 054 16 775
10 247 10 176 10 164 10 153 10 223
2 530 2 654 2 738 2 874 3 024
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102 261 101 182 101 669 103 045 105 190
5 779 5 216 4 985 5 113 5 398
2 141 1 971 1 904 1 990 2 210
3 638 3 246 3 081 3 123 3 188
96 481 95 966 96 684 97 932 99 792
11 498 11 116 11 031 10 931 10 736
28 773 27 989 27 552 27 274 27 101
26 282 26 883 27 097 27 645 28 442
16 933 17 269 18 285 19 273 20 247
9 960 9 719 9 701 9 772 9 912
3 035 2 990 3 019 3 037 3 354
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
106 490 107 808 109 856 110 931 112 235
5 593 5 667 5 807 6 089 6 204
2 273 2 325 2 341 2 436 2 435
3 320 3 343 3 466 3 653 3 769
100 897 102 141 104 049 104 842 106 032
10 400 10 149 10 362 10 512 10 716
27 014 26 678 26 294 25 729 25 113
28 951 29 566 30 137 30 320 30 548
21 127 22 071 23 061 23 662 24 507
10 070 10 313 10 785 11 272 11 657
3 335 3 364 3 411 3 347 3 491
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
114 424 114 430 114 013 114 235
6 160 5 817 5 441 5 064
2 383 2 224 2 037 1 999
3 777 3 593 3 404 3 065
108 264 108 613 108 572 109 171
10 944 11 054 11 096 11 052
25 500 24 948 24 568 24 399
30 151 29 793 29 049 28 501
25 762 26 301 26 401 26 762
12 169 12 743 13 630 14 375
3 738 3 774 3 828 4 083
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
59
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
7 802 8 128 8 203
509 570 554
180 194 190
329 378 364
7 292 7 559 7 649
... 1 258 1 231
1 924 2 062 2 157
1 629 1 659 1 682
1 434 1 460 1 452
872 872 884
269 249 243
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 894 8 227 8 540 9 102 9 359
507 508 508 571 579
183 170 169 191 204
325 338 339 380 376
7 386 7 719 8 031 8 531 8 780
1 115 1 193 1 244 1 359 1 424
2 145 2 309 2 443 2 641 2 759
1 617 1 679 1 754 1 848 1 902
1 393 1 416 1 448 1 479 1 502
874 870 892 932 927
241 252 251 273 266
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9 313 9 355 9 189 9 375 10 119
547 505 428 416 474
192 170 138 123 146
356 335 290 294 328
8 765 8 849 8 761 8 959 9 645
1 376 1 346 1 283 1 280 1 423
2 827 2 872 2 830 2 976 3 223
1 910 1 957 2 025 2 107 2 311
1 487 1 489 1 469 1 456 1 533
925 954 928 937 945
239 231 225 204 209
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10 501 10 814 11 309 11 658 11 953
532 536 587 601 625
175 183 203 223 237
356 353 385 378 388
9 969 10 278 10 722 11 057 11 328
1 399 1 429 1 421 1 433 1 467
3 325 3 464 3 614 3 725 3 801
2 427 2 524 2 695 2 839 2 981
1 598 1 666 1 714 1 783 1 844
985 982 1 036 1 018 970
235 214 241 261 265
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12 175 12 074 12 151 12 382 12 835
598 494 492 494 552
194 161 157 171 224
404 334 335 323 328
11 577 11 580 11 659 11 888 12 284
1 409 1 373 1 343 1 377 1 449
3 803 3 714 3 699 3 700 3 732
3 287 3 401 3 441 3 584 3 722
1 897 1 892 1 964 2 059 2 178
933 957 965 941 953
248 243 246 226 251
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
13 279 13 542 13 969 14 556 15 056
586 613 631 736 691
223 233 229 246 243
363 380 401 490 448
12 693 12 929 13 339 13 820 14 365
1 443 1 411 1 456 1 496 1 594
3 844 3 851 3 903 3 967 4 091
3 861 3 974 4 094 4 238 4 404
2 288 2 426 2 588 2 739 2 872
1 004 1 025 1 048 1 118 1 134
253 241 249 262 271
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15 156 15 006 14 872 14 739
711 637 611 516
260 230 193 196
451 408 417 320
14 444 14 368 14 262 14 222
1 593 1 571 1 543 1 516
3 993 3 840 3 726 3 618
4 261 4 200 4 109 4 080
3 073 3 139 3 220 3 289
1 226 1 283 1 332 1 373
300 335 332 346
1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
3 396 3 687
325 355
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 663 3 720 4 079 4 527 4 785
322 341 381 423 445
... 124 135 159 152
... 230 245 264 292
... 3 436 3 715 4 104 4 340
... 614 715 803 860
... 1 135 1 212 1 330 1 430
... 803 860 942 996
... 573 608 661 666
... 269 269 307 319
... 42 50 62 69
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 527 5 813 5 805 6 072 6 651
500 459 410 423 468
174 155 119 125 148
325 304 291 297 320
5 028 5 354 5 394 5 649 6 182
998 1 060 1 030 1 068 1 160
1 675 1 837 1 896 1 997 2 201
1 074 1 147 1 173 1 224 1 385
811 829 816 837 883
389 399 399 441 474
80 82 80 81 79
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 888 7 219 7 790 8 250 8 573
438 430 474 523 548
144 146 149 171 165
294 284 325 353 383
6 449 6 789 7 316 7 727 8 025
1 187 1 231 1 273 1 341 1 325
2 316 2 427 2 668 2 749 2 900
1 473 1 570 1 775 1 876 1 968
913 1 011 1 010 1 078 1 129
486 474 512 585 589
75 76 76 97 114
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9 845 9 828 10 027 10 361 10 788
668 602 577 570 609
208 169 169 160 195
460 433 408 410 415
9 177 9 225 9 450 9 792 10 178
1 672 1 622 1 575 1 574 1 643
3 327 3 264 3 350 3 446 3 517
2 229 2 333 2 468 2 605 2 737
1 235 1 266 1 316 1 402 1 495
611 637 628 630 647
103 103 112 135 139
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11 127 11 642 12 726 13 291 13 720
645 646 714 793 854
194 199 228 230 254
450 447 487 563 600
10 483 10 996 12 012 12 498 12 866
1 609 1 628 1 798 1 883 1 881
3 618 3 758 4 029 4 113 4 097
2 889 3 115 3 371 3 504 3 738
1 565 1 595 1 846 1 994 2 074
666 748 794 846 886
135 152 173 158 190
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15 735 16 190 16 590 17 372
973 969 882 768
285 268 254 242
688 701 628 525
14 762 15 221 15 708 16 604
2 356 2 404 2 413 2 399
4 950 5 065 5 272 5 541
4 052 4 149 4 273 4 573
2 308 2 472 2 511 2 711
898 944 1 029 1 132
197 187 209 249
HISPANIC
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
60
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE MEN1 1954 ......................................................
37 846
1 723
771
953
36 123
2 394
9 287
9 175
7 614
...
2 241
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38 719 39 368 39 349 38 591 39 494
1 824 1 893 1 865 1 783 1 961
821 890 874 852 915
1 004 1 002 990 932 1 046
36 895 37 475 37 484 36 808 37 533
2 607 2 850 2 930 2 896 3 153
9 461 9 330 9 226 8 861 8 911
9 351 9 449 9 480 9 386 9 560
7 792 7 950 8 067 8 061 8 261
5 431 5 559 5 542 5 501 5 588
2 254 2 336 2 234 2 103 2 060
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39 755 39 588 40 016 40 428 41 115
2 092 2 055 2 098 2 156 2 316
973 891 883 972 1 128
1 119 1 164 1 215 1 184 1 188
37 663 37 533 37 918 38 272 38 799
3 264 3 311 3 426 3 646 3 856
8 777 8 630 8 514 8 463 8 538
9 589 9 566 9 718 9 782 9 800
8 372 8 394 8 512 8 650 8 787
5 618 5 670 5 749 5 844 5 945
2 043 1 961 1 998 1 887 1 872
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41 844 42 331 42 833 43 411 44 048
2 612 2 913 2 849 2 908 3 070
1 159 1 245 1 278 1 319 1 385
1 453 1 668 1 571 1 589 1 685
39 232 39 418 39 985 40 503 40 978
4 025 4 028 4 231 4 226 4 401
8 598 8 674 8 931 9 315 9 608
9 795 9 719 9 632 9 522 9 379
8 924 9 029 9 093 9 198 9 279
5 998 6 096 6 208 6 316 6 359
1 892 1 871 1 892 1 926 1 953
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
44 178 44 595 45 944 47 085 47 674
3 066 3 157 3 416 3 660 3 728
1 374 1 393 1 470 1 590 1 611
1 692 1 764 1 947 2 071 2 117
41 112 41 438 42 528 43 424 43 946
4 601 4 935 5 431 5 863 5 965
9 784 10 026 10 664 11 268 11 701
9 202 9 026 9 047 9 046 9 027
9 271 9 256 9 236 9 257 9 242
6 340 6 339 6 363 6 299 6 304
1 914 1 856 1 786 1 689 1 706
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
46 697 47 775 49 150 50 544 51 452
3 505 3 604 3 824 3 950 3 904
1 502 1 501 1 607 1 664 1 654
2 002 2 103 2 217 2 286 2 250
43 192 44 171 45 326 46 594 47 546
5 770 6 140 6 437 6 717 6 868
11 783 12 362 12 893 13 413 13 888
8 818 8 944 9 212 9 608 9 930
9 005 8 968 8 898 8 840 8 748
6 160 6 176 6 279 6 339 6 406
1 656 1 579 1 605 1 677 1 707
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
51 127 51 315 50 287 50 621 52 462
3 708 3 469 3 079 3 003 3 001
1 534 1 402 1 214 1 124 1 140
2 174 2 066 1 865 1 879 1 861
47 419 47 846 47 209 47 618 49 461
6 652 6 652 6 372 6 386 6 647
14 009 14 398 14 164 14 297 15 045
10 077 10 307 10 593 11 062 11 776
8 586 8 518 8 267 8 152 8 320
6 412 6 309 6 188 6 084 6 108
1 684 1 662 1 624 1 637 1 564
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53 046 53 785 54 647 55 550 56 352
2 985 2 966 2 999 3 084 3 060
1 185 1 225 1 252 1 248 1 171
1 800 1 741 1 747 1 836 1 889
50 061 50 818 51 649 52 466 53 292
6 428 6 340 6 150 5 987 5 839
15 374 15 790 16 084 16 241 16 383
12 214 12 620 13 138 13 590 14 046
8 374 8 442 8 596 8 992 9 335
6 118 6 012 5 991 5 909 5 891
1 552 1 612 1 690 1 748 1 797
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56 703 55 797 55 959 56 656 57 452
3 018 2 694 2 602 2 634 2 776
1 119 1 017 990 1 031 1 144
1 899 1 677 1 612 1 603 1 632
53 685 53 103 53 357 54 021 54 676
6 179 5 942 5 855 5 830 5 738
16 124 15 644 15 357 15 230 15 052
14 496 14 743 14 842 15 178 15 562
9 383 9 488 10 027 10 497 10 910
5 744 5 578 5 503 5 514 5 490
1 760 1 707 1 772 1 772 1 925
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58 146 58 888 59 998 60 604 61 139
2 892 2 911 3 011 3 103 3 205
1 169 1 161 1 206 1 233 1 254
1 723 1 750 1 806 1 870 1 951
55 254 55 977 56 986 57 500 57 934
5 613 5 444 5 590 5 659 5 753
14 958 14 820 14 567 14 259 13 851
15 793 16 136 16 470 16 715 16 781
11 359 11 834 12 352 12 661 13 046
5 609 5 755 5 972 6 251 6 447
1 921 1 987 2 037 1 955 2 056
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62 289 62 212 61 849 61 866
3 169 2 967 2 725 2 518
1 205 1 102 987 972
1 965 1 865 1 738 1 546
59 119 59 245 59 124 59 348
5 876 5 870 5 882 5 890
14 238 13 989 13 727 13 731
16 477 16 280 15 910 15 675
13 675 13 987 14 060 14 117
6 678 6 941 7 360 7 640
2 175 2 178 2 184 2 295
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
61
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE WOMEN1 1954 ......................................................
16 111
1 355
486
869
14 756
1 964
3 329
3 825
3 197
1 850
590
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
17 114 17 901 18 116 18 022 18 512
1 401 1 496 1 509 1 433 1 514
509 575 568 518 605
892 920 941 915 909
15 713 16 405 16 607 16 589 16 998
2 030 2 047 2 022 2 012 1 985
3 394 3 418 3 393 3 267 3 233
3 976 4 188 4 236 4 185 4 270
3 530 3 756 3 942 4 052 4 291
2 079 2 263 2 287 2 348 2 475
703 732 717 725 745
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
19 095 19 325 19 682 20 194 20 807
1 608 1 638 1 676 1 695 1 760
625 581 564 628 718
984 1 056 1 112 1 066 1 042
17 487 17 687 18 006 18 499 19 047
2 067 2 149 2 250 2 390 2 588
3 244 3 205 3 189 3 226 3 256
4 341 4 339 4 455 4 559 4 580
4 448 4 512 4 554 4 654 4 809
2 574 2 665 2 762 2 874 2 971
812 817 797 796 845
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 602 22 690 23 528 24 339 25 470
1 950 2 263 2 265 2 287 2 438
733 807 843 874 962
1 217 1 456 1 422 1 413 1 476
19 652 20 427 21 263 22 052 23 032
2 727 2 958 3 262 3 461 3 781
3 394 3 594 3 832 4 095 4 327
4 678 4 730 4 797 4 864 4 891
4 880 5 043 5 131 5 289 5 509
3 118 3 260 3 388 3 465 3 588
856 842 854 878 935
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
26 039 26 283 27 426 28 623 29 511
2 505 2 513 2 755 2 962 3 069
1 012 1 011 1 111 1 217 1 269
1 493 1 502 1 645 1 746 1 799
23 534 23 770 24 669 25 661 26 442
3 959 4 065 4 286 4 562 4 711
4 542 4 687 5 240 5 831 6 340
4 890 4 831 4 893 5 036 5 169
5 582 5 588 5 608 5 628 5 706
3 640 3 675 3 714 3 684 3 654
921 924 928 920 862
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
29 714 31 078 32 550 34 392 35 807
2 983 3 120 3 244 3 416 3 451
1 215 1 260 1 319 1 420 1 423
1 767 1 860 1 923 1 996 2 027
26 731 27 958 29 306 30 975 32 357
4 775 4 978 5 259 5 535 5 726
6 701 7 300 7 950 8 595 9 145
5 161 5 462 5 772 6 201 6 648
5 550 5 580 5 585 5 710 5 773
3 667 3 746 3 829 3 972 4 071
877 891 912 964 993
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
36 587 37 394 37 615 38 272 39 659
3 314 3 119 2 905 2 796 2 835
1 327 1 242 1 103 1 032 1 069
1 986 1 877 1 802 1 764 1 766
33 275 34 275 34 710 35 476 36 823
5 753 5 826 5 724 5 751 5 804
9 644 10 153 10 367 10 659 11 190
6 994 7 311 7 675 8 132 8 776
5 818 5 896 5 816 5 809 5 920
4 064 4 077 4 095 4 084 4 118
1 001 1 013 1 032 1 041 1 015
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40 690 41 876 43 142 44 262 45 232
2 783 2 825 2 900 2 946 2 886
1 085 1 160 1 216 1 176 1 107
1 698 1 665 1 684 1 770 1 779
37 907 39 050 40 242 41 316 42 346
5 807 5 687 5 598 5 450 5 245
11 571 11 956 12 345 12 555 12 708
9 338 9 895 10 459 10 878 11 395
6 084 6 307 6 620 7 062 7 440
4 128 4 164 4 172 4 244 4 332
978 1 042 1 047 1 126 1 227
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
45 558 45 385 45 710 46 390 47 738
2 762 2 523 2 383 2 479 2 622
1 023 954 915 959 1 066
1 739 1 569 1 468 1 520 1 556
42 796 42 862 43 327 43 910 45 116
5 319 5 174 5 176 5 101 4 997
12 649 12 344 12 195 12 044 12 049
11 785 12 139 12 254 12 467 12 880
7 551 7 781 8 258 8 776 9 338
4 217 4 141 4 198 4 258 4 423
1 275 1 283 1 246 1 265 1 429
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48 344 48 920 49 859 50 327 51 096
2 701 2 756 2 796 2 986 2 999
1 104 1 164 1 136 1 203 1 181
1 597 1 592 1 660 1 783 1 817
45 643 46 164 47 063 47 342 48 098
4 787 4 705 4 773 4 853 4 963
12 056 11 858 11 727 11 470 11 262
13 157 13 430 13 667 13 604 13 767
9 768 10 237 10 709 11 001 11 461
4 461 4 558 4 813 5 021 5 211
1 415 1 376 1 374 1 392 1 435
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
52 136 52 218 52 164 52 369
2 991 2 850 2 716 2 546
1 178 1 122 1 050 1 027
1 813 1 727 1 665 1 519
49 145 49 369 49 448 49 823
5 068 5 184 5 214 5 161
11 262 10 959 10 842 10 668
13 674 13 513 13 138 12 826
12 087 12 314 12 341 12 645
5 490 5 802 6 269 6 735
1 564 1 597 1 644 1 788
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
62
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK MEN1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
4 368 4 527 4 527
309 330 322
114 112 114
195 220 209
4 058 4 197 4 204
648 711 668
1 074 1 142 1 176
890 898 912
793 816 803
499 483 500
156 148 145
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 275 4 404 4 565 4 796 4 923
276 283 291 312 316
98 100 105 106 111
179 184 186 206 205
3 998 4 120 4 273 4 483 4 606
595 635 659 697 754
1 159 1 217 1 271 1 357 1 425
865 897 940 969 983
755 763 777 788 801
487 472 484 516 498
137 137 143 155 147
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 798 4 794 4 637 4 753 5 124
299 273 223 222 252
109 95 65 64 79
191 178 158 158 173
4 498 4 520 4 414 4 531 4 871
713 693 660 684 750
1 438 1 457 1 414 1 483 1 635
975 991 997 1 034 1 138
770 764 750 749 780
478 492 471 477 460
126 123 122 105 108
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 270 5 428 5 661 5 824 5 928
278 278 304 316 327
92 96 109 122 124
186 182 195 193 202
4 992 5 150 5 357 5 509 5 602
726 732 728 736 742
1 669 1 756 1 821 1 881 1 931
1 187 1 211 1 283 1 348 1 415
795 831 853 878 886
501 507 547 536 498
114 112 124 131 131
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 995 5 961 5 930 6 047 6 241
303 255 249 254 276
99 85 78 88 107
204 170 170 166 169
5 692 5 706 5 681 5 793 5 964
702 695 679 674 718
1 895 1 859 1 819 1 858 1 850
1 586 1 634 1 650 1 717 1 795
926 923 930 978 1 030
469 481 478 461 455
114 114 124 106 115
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 422 6 456 6 607 6 871 7 027
285 289 282 341 325
111 109 108 120 120
174 180 174 221 205
6 137 6 167 6 325 6 530 6 702
714 685 668 686 700
1 895 1 867 1 874 1 886 1 926
1 836 1 878 1 955 2 008 2 092
1 085 1 129 1 215 1 284 1 327
468 482 487 524 525
138 126 127 142 131
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 082 6 938 6 959 6 820
341 311 306 234
129 115 95 89
211 196 212 145
6 741 6 627 6 652 6 586
730 703 725 726
1 865 1 757 1 729 1 660
1 984 1 931 1 899 1 868
1 425 1 452 1 503 1 518
596 614 624 638
142 170 172 176
1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
3 433 3 601 3 677
200 239 232
65 81 77
134 158 155
3 233 3 362 3 445
519 546 562
850 920 981
739 761 770
641 644 649
373 389 383
113 101 98
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 618 3 823 3 975 4 307 4 436
231 224 217 260 263
85 70 64 85 92
146 154 153 175 171
3 388 3 599 3 758 4 047 4 174
520 558 585 662 670
985 1 092 1 172 1 283 1 333
752 782 814 879 919
638 653 671 691 702
387 398 408 416 428
104 115 109 118 119
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 515 4 561 4 552 4 622 4 995
248 232 205 194 222
82 75 73 59 67
165 157 132 136 155
4 267 4 329 4 347 4 428 4 773
663 653 623 596 673
1 389 1 415 1 416 1 493 1 588
936 966 1 028 1 073 1 173
717 725 719 707 753
448 462 457 460 485
113 108 103 99 101
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 231 5 386 5 648 5 834 6 025
254 259 283 285 298
83 87 93 101 113
171 171 190 184 185
4 977 5 128 5 365 5 548 5 727
673 696 693 697 725
1 656 1 708 1 793 1 844 1 870
1 240 1 313 1 412 1 491 1 566
804 835 860 905 959
484 475 489 482 472
121 102 117 129 134
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 180 6 113 6 221 6 334 6 595
296 239 243 239 275
96 76 79 82 117
200 164 164 157 158
5 884 5 874 5 978 6 095 6 320
707 677 664 703 731
1 907 1 855 1 880 1 842 1 882
1 701 1 768 1 791 1 867 1 926
971 969 1 034 1 081 1 147
464 476 487 480 497
135 129 123 121 136
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 857 7 086 7 362 7 685 8 029
301 324 349 395 366
112 124 122 126 123
189 200 227 268 243
6 556 6 762 7 013 7 290 7 663
729 726 789 810 893
1 949 1 984 2 029 2 081 2 165
2 025 2 096 2 139 2 230 2 312
1 202 1 297 1 373 1 455 1 545
536 543 561 594 609
114 115 122 120 139
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 073 8 068 7 914 7 919
370 327 304 283
131 115 99 107
240 212 205 175
7 703 7 741 7 610 7 636
862 868 819 790
2 128 2 084 1 997 1 959
2 277 2 269 2 209 2 211
1 647 1 686 1 717 1 770
630 668 708 735
158 165 160 171
BLACK WOMEN1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
63
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
HISPANIC MEN 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
2 198 2 369
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 010 2 165
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 301 2 303 2 564 2 808 2 962
... 199 225 241 260
... 74 78 93 93
... 125 147 147 168
2 117 2 109 2 335 2 568 2 701
... 364 427 494 511
... 708 763 824 891
... 504 540 590 615
... 369 394 405 427
... 173 184 207 205
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 448 3 597 3 583 3 771 4 083
306 272 229 248 258
109 90 66 71 78
198 182 162 177 180
3 142 3 325 3 354 3 523 3 825
611 642 621 655 718
1 065 1 157 1 192 1 280 1 398
662 707 729 760 841
491 504 498 499 530
254 259 261 275 292
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 245 4 428 4 713 4 972 5 172
251 254 268 292 319
82 82 81 87 94
169 172 188 205 225
3 994 4 174 4 444 4 680 4 853
727 773 777 815 821
1 473 1 510 1 664 1 706 1 787
888 929 1 044 1 120 1 152
550 614 606 645 676
308 297 303 331 350
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 021 5 979 6 093 6 328 6 530
412 356 336 337 341
126 94 97 95 109
286 263 238 242 233
5 609 5 623 5 757 5 992 6 189
1 083 1 063 985 1 003 1 056
2 076 2 050 2 127 2 200 2 227
1 312 1 360 1 437 1 527 1 600
722 719 768 822 847
355 369 372 360 379
... ... ... ... 79
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 725 7 039 7 728 8 018 8 067
358 384 420 449 491
110 107 130 133 139
248 277 290 315 352
6 367 6 655 7 307 7 570 7 576
1 030 1 015 1 142 1 173 1 135
2 284 2 345 2 547 2 592 2 524
1 675 1 842 1 978 2 077 2 135
908 918 1 059 1 115 1 151
384 438 477 512 502
85 96 105 101 130
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9 428 9 668 9 845 10 479
570 568 504 415
159 149 141 121
411 419 363 294
8 859 9 100 9 341 10 063
1 486 1 473 1 476 1 485
3 063 3 142 3 271 3 537
2 358 2 446 2 503 2 724
1 295 1 375 1 396 1 533
532 545 569 639
126 119 125 144
1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
1 198 1 319
... ...
... ...
... ...
1 060 1 166
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 362 1 417 1 516 1 719 1 824
... 155 155 182 185
... 50 57 65 60
... 106 98 117 125
1 224 1 288 1 370 1 537 1 638
... 249 288 308 349
... 427 449 506 539
... 300 320 352 381
... 204 214 256 241
... 96 86 99 115
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 079 2 216 2 222 2 301 2 568
193 187 181 175 211
65 65 52 54 71
128 122 129 120 140
1 886 2 029 2 040 2 127 2 357
387 418 409 413 442
610 680 704 717 804
412 440 444 464 544
320 326 318 338 354
136 139 139 166 181
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 642 2 791 3 077 3 278 3 401
187 176 206 231 229
62 64 69 84 71
125 112 137 147 158
2 456 2 615 2 872 3 047 3 172
460 458 496 526 504
843 917 1 004 1 042 1 114
585 641 732 756 816
362 397 405 434 453
178 177 209 254 239
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 823 3 848 3 934 4 033 4 258
256 246 242 233 268
82 76 72 65 86
174 170 170 168 182
3 567 3 603 3 693 3 800 3 989
588 559 591 571 587
1 251 1 214 1 223 1 246 1 290
917 972 1 031 1 077 1 137
513 548 548 581 648
256 268 256 269 268
... ... ... ... 59
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 403 4 602 4 999 5 273 5 653
287 261 294 345 363
85 92 98 97 115
202 169 196 247 248
4 116 4 341 4 705 4 928 5 290
579 612 656 710 746
1 334 1 412 1 482 1 521 1 574
1 213 1 273 1 393 1 428 1 603
657 677 787 879 923
282 310 318 334 384
50 56 69 57 60
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 307 6 522 6 744 6 894
404 401 378 353
127 119 113 121
277 282 265 231
5 903 6 121 6 367 6 541
870 931 937 914
1 887 1 923 2 001 2 004
1 695 1 703 1 770 1 849
1 013 1 097 1 114 1 178
366 398 460 493
72 67 84 105
HISPANIC WOMEN
. . . = Not available.
64
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2003 (Percent.) Total Year, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Men
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
Women
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
TOTAL 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
56.6 55.4
47.7 45.2
57.4 56.3
83.5 81.3
57.5 53.8
85.8 83.7
31.3 31.2
38.5 37.2
30.7 30.6
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.1 57.3 57.3 57.1 55.5
45.5 47.9 46.9 46.4 42.3
57.0 58.1 58.1 58.0 56.6
82.0 84.0 83.9 83.6 81.0
55.2 57.9 55.9 55.9 50.2
84.2 86.1 86.2 85.9 83.5
32.0 33.1 33.4 33.3 32.5
36.3 38.9 38.8 37.8 34.9
31.6 32.6 33.0 32.9 32.3
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.7 57.5 57.1 55.4 56.0
43.5 45.3 43.9 39.9 39.9
57.8 58.5 58.2 56.8 57.5
81.8 82.3 81.3 78.5 79.3
52.1 53.8 51.8 46.9 47.2
84.3 84.6 83.8 81.2 82.3
34.0 35.1 35.1 34.5 35.0
35.6 37.5 36.7 33.5 33.0
33.8 34.9 35.0 34.6 35.1
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.1 55.4 55.5 55.4 55.7
40.5 39.1 39.4 37.4 37.3
57.6 56.9 57.1 57.2 57.7
78.9 77.6 77.7 77.1 77.3
47.6 45.3 45.9 43.8 44.1
81.9 80.8 80.9 80.6 80.9
35.5 35.4 35.6 35.8 36.3
33.8 33.2 33.3 31.5 30.9
35.7 35.6 35.8 36.3 36.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.2 56.9 57.3 57.5 58.0
38.9 42.1 42.2 42.2 43.4
58.2 58.7 59.0 59.3 59.7
77.5 77.9 78.0 77.8 77.6
46.2 48.9 48.7 48.7 49.5
81.2 81.5 81.5 81.3 81.1
37.1 38.3 39.0 39.6 40.7
32.0 35.6 35.9 36.0 37.5
37.6 38.6 39.3 40.0 41.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.4 56.6 57.0 57.8 57.8
42.3 41.3 43.5 45.9 46.0
59.2 58.4 58.6 59.3 59.2
76.2 74.9 75.0 75.5 74.9
47.7 46.8 48.9 51.4 51.2
79.7 78.5 78.4 78.6 77.9
40.8 40.4 41.0 42.0 42.6
37.1 36.0 38.2 40.5 41.0
41.2 40.9 41.3 42.2 42.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.1 56.8 57.9 59.3 59.9
43.3 44.2 46.1 48.3 48.5
57.6 58.3 59.2 60.6 61.2
71.7 72.0 72.8 73.8 73.8
47.2 47.9 50.4 52.2 51.7
74.8 75.1 75.6 76.4 76.5
42.0 43.2 44.5 46.4 47.5
39.4 40.5 41.8 44.5 45.3
42.3 43.5 44.8 46.6 47.7
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
59.2 59.0 57.8 57.9 59.5
46.6 44.6 41.5 41.5 43.7
60.6 60.5 59.4 59.5 61.0
72.0 71.3 69.0 68.8 70.7
49.5 47.1 42.9 43.1 45.0
74.6 74.0 71.8 71.4 73.2
47.7 48.0 47.7 48.0 49.5
43.8 42.0 40.2 40.0 42.5
48.1 48.6 48.4 48.8 50.1
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60.1 60.7 61.5 62.3 63.0
44.4 44.6 45.5 46.8 47.5
61.5 62.1 62.9 63.6 64.2
70.9 71.0 71.5 72.0 72.5
45.7 45.7 46.1 47.8 48.7
73.3 73.3 73.8 74.2 74.5
50.4 51.4 52.5 53.4 54.3
42.9 43.6 44.8 45.9 46.4
51.0 52.0 53.1 54.0 54.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.8 61.7 61.5 61.7 62.5
45.3 42.0 41.0 41.7 43.4
64.3 63.2 63.0 63.3 64.0
72.0 70.4 69.8 70.0 70.4
46.6 42.7 41.9 42.3 43.8
74.3 72.7 72.1 72.3 72.6
54.3 53.7 53.8 54.1 55.3
44.0 41.2 40.0 41.0 43.0
55.2 54.6 54.8 55.0 56.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.9 63.2 63.8 64.1 64.3
44.2 43.5 43.4 45.1 44.7
64.4 64.7 65.5 65.6 65.9
70.8 70.9 71.3 71.6 71.6
44.7 43.6 43.4 44.7 45.1
73.0 73.2 73.7 73.9 74.0
55.6 56.0 56.8 57.1 57.4
43.8 43.5 43.3 45.5 44.3
56.5 57.0 57.8 58.0 58.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
64.4 63.7 62.7 62.3
45.2 42.3 39.6 36.8
66.0 65.4 64.6 64.3
71.9 70.9 69.7 68.9
45.4 42.2 38.9 35.7
74.2 73.3 72.3 71.7
57.5 57.0 56.3 56.1
45.0 42.4 40.3 37.8
58.4 58.1 57.5 57.5
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
65
Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) Total Year, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Men
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
Women
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
WHITE1 1954 ......................................................
55.2
42.9
56.2
81.5
49.9
84.0
31.4
36.4
31.1
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.5 57.3 56.8 55.3 55.9
44.2 46.1 45.0 41.0 41.2
57.4 58.2 57.8 56.5 57.2
82.2 82.7 81.8 79.2 79.9
52.0 54.1 52.4 47.6 48.1
84.7 85.0 84.1 81.8 82.8
33.0 34.2 34.2 33.6 34.0
37.0 38.9 38.2 35.0 34.8
32.7 33.8 33.9 33.5 34.0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
55.9 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.5
41.5 40.1 40.4 38.6 38.4
57.2 56.7 56.9 56.9 57.3
79.4 78.2 78.4 77.7 77.8
48.1 45.9 46.4 44.7 45.0
82.4 81.4 81.5 81.1 81.3
34.6 34.5 34.7 35.0 35.5
35.1 34.6 34.8 32.9 32.2
34.5 34.5 34.7 35.2 35.8
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.0 56.8 57.2 57.4 58.0
40.3 43.6 43.8 43.9 45.2
57.8 58.3 58.7 59.0 59.4
77.9 78.3 78.4 78.3 78.2
47.1 50.1 50.2 50.3 51.1
81.5 81.7 81.7 81.6 81.4
36.2 37.5 38.3 38.9 40.1
33.7 37.5 37.7 37.8 39.5
36.5 37.5 38.3 39.1 40.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.5 56.8 57.4 58.2 58.3
44.5 43.8 46.4 48.9 49.3
59.0 58.3 58.6 59.3 59.3
76.8 75.7 76.0 76.5 75.9
49.6 49.2 51.5 54.3 54.4
80.1 79.0 79.0 79.2 78.6
40.3 39.9 40.7 41.8 42.4
39.5 38.6 41.3 43.6 44.3
40.4 40.1 40.6 41.6 42.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.7 57.5 58.6 60.0 60.6
46.5 47.8 50.1 52.4 52.6
57.9 58.6 59.6 60.8 61.5
73.0 73.4 74.1 75.0 75.1
50.6 51.5 54.4 56.3 55.7
75.7 76.0 76.5 77.2 77.3
42.0 43.2 44.5 46.3 47.5
42.5 44.2 45.9 48.5 49.4
41.9 43.1 44.4 46.1 47.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60.0 60.0 58.8 58.9 60.5
50.7 48.7 45.8 45.9 48.0
61.0 61.1 60.1 60.1 61.5
73.4 72.8 70.6 70.4 72.1
53.4 51.3 47.0 47.4 49.1
75.6 75.1 73.0 72.6 74.3
47.8 48.3 48.1 48.5 49.8
47.9 46.2 44.6 44.5 47.0
47.8 48.5 48.4 48.9 50.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
61.0 61.5 62.3 63.1 63.8
48.5 48.8 49.4 50.9 51.6
62.0 62.6 63.4 64.1 64.7
72.3 72.3 72.7 73.2 73.7
49.9 49.6 49.9 51.7 52.6
74.3 74.3 74.7 75.1 75.4
50.7 51.7 52.8 53.8 54.6
47.1 47.9 49.0 50.2 50.5
51.0 52.0 53.1 54.0 54.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63.7 62.6 62.4 62.7 63.5
49.7 46.6 45.3 46.2 47.9
64.8 63.7 63.6 63.9 64.7
73.3 71.6 71.1 71.4 71.8
51.0 47.2 46.4 46.6 48.3
75.1 73.5 73.1 73.3 73.6
54.7 54.2 54.2 54.6 55.8
48.3 45.9 44.2 45.7 47.5
55.2 54.8 54.9 55.2 56.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63.8 64.1 64.6 64.7 64.8
48.8 47.9 47.7 48.9 48.8
64.9 65.3 65.9 65.9 66.1
72.0 72.3 72.7 72.7 72.8
49.4 48.2 48.1 48.6 49.3
73.8 74.2 74.7 74.7 74.8
56.1 56.3 57.0 57.1 57.3
48.1 47.6 47.2 49.3 48.3
56.7 57.0 57.8 57.7 58.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
64.9 64.2 63.4 63.0
49.1 46.3 43.2 40.4
66.1 65.6 64.9 64.7
73.0 72.0 70.8 70.1
49.5 46.2 42.3 39.4
74.9 74.0 73.1 72.5
57.4 57.0 56.4 56.3
48.8 46.5 44.1 41.5
58.0 57.7 57.3 57.3
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
66
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent.) Total Year, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Men
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
Women
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
BLACK1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
53.7 54.5 53.5
25.2 27.2 25.9
58.3 58.9 58.0
66.8 67.5 65.8
31.6 32.8 31.4
73.0 73.7 71.9
43.0 43.8 43.5
19.2 22.0 20.9
46.5 47.2 46.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
50.1 50.8 51.4 53.6 53.8
23.1 22.4 22.3 25.2 25.4
54.5 55.4 56.0 58.0 58.1
60.6 60.6 61.4 63.3 63.4
26.3 25.8 26.4 28.5 28.7
66.5 66.8 67.5 69.1 69.1
41.6 42.8 43.3 45.8 46.0
20.2 19.2 18.5 22.1 22.4
44.9 46.4 47.0 49.3 49.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
52.3 51.3 49.4 49.5 52.3
23.9 22.1 19.0 18.7 21.9
56.4 55.5 53.6 53.6 56.1
60.4 59.1 56.0 56.3 59.2
27.0 24.6 20.3 20.4 23.9
65.8 64.5 61.4 61.6 64.1
45.7 45.1 44.2 44.1 46.7
21.0 19.7 17.7 17.0 20.1
49.1 48.5 47.5 47.4 49.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53.4 54.1 55.6 56.3 56.9
24.6 25.1 27.1 27.6 28.7
57.0 57.6 58.9 59.7 60.1
60.0 60.6 62.0 62.7 62.8
26.3 26.5 28.5 29.4 30.4
64.6 65.1 66.4 67.1 67.0
48.1 48.8 50.3 51.2 52.0
23.1 23.8 25.8 25.8 27.1
50.9 51.6 53.0 53.9 54.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.7 55.4 54.9 55.0 56.1
26.7 22.6 22.8 22.6 24.9
60.2 59.0 58.3 58.4 59.4
62.6 61.3 59.9 60.0 60.8
27.7 23.8 23.6 23.6 25.4
67.1 65.9 64.3 64.3 65.0
51.9 50.6 50.8 50.9 52.3
25.8 21.5 22.1 21.6 24.5
54.7 53.6 53.6 53.8 55.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.1 57.4 58.2 59.7 60.6
25.7 26.0 26.1 30.1 27.9
60.5 60.8 61.8 63.0 64.2
61.7 61.1 61.4 62.9 63.1
25.2 24.9 23.7 28.4 26.7
66.1 65.5 66.1 67.1 67.5
53.4 54.4 55.6 57.2 58.6
26.1 27.1 28.5 31.8 29.0
56.1 57.1 58.4 59.7 61.5
2000 2001 2002 2002
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60.9 59.7 58.1 57.4
29.8 26.7 25.3 21.7
64.2 63.2 61.6 61.0
63.6 62.1 61.1 59.5
28.9 26.4 25.6 19.9
67.7 66.3 65.2 64.1
58.6 57.8 55.8 55.6
30.6 27.0 24.9 23.4
61.3 60.7 58.7 58.6
1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
55.6 56.2
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53.4 53.8 55.4 57.2 58.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.6 57.4 54.9 55.1 57.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.8 58.5 60.5 61.9 62.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
61.9 59.8 59.1 59.1 59.5
... ... ... ... 33.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 71.7
... ... ... ... 36.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 47.2
... ... ... ... 30.1
... ... ... ... ...
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
59.7 60.6 62.6 63.1 63.4
34.4 33.1 33.7 36.0 37.0
... ... ... ... ...
72.1 73.3 74.5 74.7 75.3
37.5 38.8 37.6 38.6 41.2
... ... ... ... ...
47.3 47.9 50.2 51.0 51.7
31.3 27.3 29.3 33.0 32.5
... ... ... ... ...
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65.7 64.9 63.9 63.1
38.6 38.6 35.2 30.2
... ... ... ...
77.4 76.2 74.5 74.3
42.8 43.3 39.0 31.9
81.7 79.9 78.3 78.6
53.6 53.3 52.9 51.2
33.9 33.5 31.1 28.4
55.8 55.4 55.2 53.6
HISPANIC
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
67
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-13. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, New Series, 2001–2003 (Thousands of people.) Occupation
Women
White1
Black1
Total
Men
Hispanic
TOTAL ..............................................................................................
136933
73196
63737
114430
15006
16190
Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations ........................ Professional and related occupations ........................................... Life, physical, and social science occupations ................................. Community and social services occupations ................................ Service occupations ......................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ................................................... Protective service occupations ..................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ...................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ..... Personal care and service occupations ........................................ Sales and office occupations ............................................................ Office and administrative support occupations ............................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................... Construction and extraction occupations ...................................... Installation, maintenance and repair occupations ........................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......... Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
47043 19830 27213 1275 1917 21183 2569 2664 6723 5008 4220 35785 20098 13688 1052 7920 4716 19234 8507
23863 11687 12175 747 756 9158 250 2087 2919 3032 870 12709 4787 13012 794 7713 4505 14455 7210
23180 8142 15038 527 1161 12025 2319 577 3804 1975 3349 23077 15311 676 259 206 211 4780 1297
40176 17480 22696 1057 1481 16545 1789 2075 5474 3921 3286 29984 16577 12262 960 7124 4178 15462 6800
3868 1335 2533 76 354 3431 656 497 808 835 636 4013 2583 977 51 556 370 2717 1387
2702 1097 1605 51 136 3753 302 283 1320 1365 483 3633 2089 2696 410 1673 613 3406 1339
TOTAL ..............................................................................................
136485
72903
63582
114013
14872
16590
Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations ........................ Professional and related occupations ........................................... Life, physical, and social science occupations ................................. Community and social services occupations ................................ Service occupations ......................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ................................................... Protective service occupations ..................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ...................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ..... Personal care and service occupations ........................................ Sales and office occupations ............................................................ Office and administrative support occupations ............................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................... Construction and extraction occupations ...................................... Installation, maintenance and repair occupations ........................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......... Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
47180 19823 27358 1287 2151 21766 2694 2696 6968 5050 4358 35408 19580 13562 1040 7898 4623 18569 8488
23612 11619 11993 741 836 9504 260 2139 3077 3094 934 12821 4690 12874 788 7674 4412 14091 7228
23568 8204 15364 545 1315 12261 2434 557 3891 1956 3424 22587 14890 688 252 224 212 4478 1260
40318 17435 22883 1079 1675 16962 1836 2082 5647 4000 3397 29745 16123 12071 928 7076 4067 14918 6797
3818 1364 2454 67 662 3519 712 522 823 819 643 3872 2515 1009 58 573 377 2654 1348
2822 1142 1679 27 175 3979 324 276 1342 1492 545 3632 2058 2747 430 1754 563 3410 1400
2001
2002
2003 TOTAL ..............................................................................................
137736
73332
64404
114235
14739
17372
Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations ........................ Professional and related occupations ........................................... Life, physical, and social science occupations ................................. Community and social services occupations ................................ Service occupations ......................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ................................................... Protective service occupations ..................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ...................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ..... Personal care and service occupations ........................................ Sales and office occupations ............................................................ Office and administrative support occupations ............................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................... Construction and extraction occupations ...................................... Installation, maintenance and repair occupations ........................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......... Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
47929 19934 27995 1375 2184 22086 2926 2727 7254 4947 4232 35496 19536 14205 1050 8114 5041 18020 8320
23735 11534 12201 783 862 9460 311 2164 3151 2920 915 12851 4714 13541 819 7891 4830 13745 7049
24194 8400 15794 592 1323 12626 2616 563 4104 2027 3316 22645 14823 665 231 223 211 4274 1270
40558 17377 23181 1113 1663 17132 1996 2098 5797 3920 3321 29555 15968 12600 954 7242 4404 14391 6625
3923 1368 2555 86 408 3408 738 511 842 740 578 3881 2465 1022 49 578 395 2504 1301
2925 1176 1749 81 184 4175 365 276 1441 1542 550 3820 2167 3023 423 1926 674 3430 8320
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
68
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 (Thousands of people.) 1984
1985
Occupation Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
118793
65104
53689
102261
12175
9845
117718
64223
53496
101182
12074
9828
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
30602 14802 15800 36913 3866 14285 18762 16012 792 2000 13220 13745 18071 8200 4886 4985 3450
16601 8872 7729 13054 1973 7247 3834 6470 29 1708 4732 12580 13494 4931 4449 4114 2907
14001 5931 8071 23859 1893 7038 14928 9543 763 293 8488 1166 4577 3269 436 871 544
27416 13432 13984 32136 3298 12871 15967 12565 571 1618 10376 12255 14732 6668 4010 4054 3157
1945 869 1076 3465 357 937 2170 2757 191 334 2233 1083 2715 1184 757 775 209
1208 630 578 2366 182 848 1336 1984 168 131 1685 1301 2436 1249 466 721 550
30934 14904 16030 36318 3814 14052 18452 16254 799 2083 13372 13250 17456 7820 4913 4723 3506
16623 8858 7765 12852 1937 7180 3735 6610 33 1765 4812 12112 13075 4693 4476 3906 2951
14311 6046 8265 23466 1877 6872 14717 9644 766 318 8560 1138 4380 3127 437 816 556
27706 13513 14193 31524 3257 12590 15677 12739 608 1682 10449 11824 14205 6284 4022 3899 3184
1972 875 1097 3443 344 955 2145 2783 162 351 2270 1039 2613 1159 774 680 224
1259 653 606 2413 196 867 1349 2005 179 144 1682 1269 2311 1142 462 707 570
Total
Men
Total
Men
1986
1987
Occupation Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
118492
64440
54052
101669
12151
10027
120259
65349
54910
103045
12382
10361
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
31085 14722 16363 37048 4277 14014 18757 16377 891 2114 13373 13225 17247 7658 4908 4682 3510
16387 8612 7775 13379 2185 7286 3908 6676 37 1760 4879 12087 12954 4623 4482 3850 2957
14698 6110 8588 23669 2092 6728 14849 9701 854 354 8493 1137 4294 3035 426 832 553
27719 13327 14393 32167 3620 12576 15971 12778 695 1669 10414 11798 14018 6141 4069 3808 3188
2044 872 1172 3423 418 891 2114 2843 162 383 2298 1016 2599 1153 730 716 226
1322 683 639 2492 216 882 1395 2037 187 168 1682 1345 2243 1130 460 653 588
32231 15338 16893 37058 4039 14342 18677 16821 928 2165 13727 13429 17341 7553 5036 4753 3379
16811 8897 7915 13417 2000 7418 3999 6867 45 1792 5030 12279 13109 4642 4570 3897 2864
15419 6441 8978 23641 2039 6924 14679 9953 883 373 8697 1150 4232 2911 465 856 515
28647 13783 14863 32096 3433 12824 15839 13145 735 1729 10681 11990 14090 6066 4195 3829 3078
2181 977 1204 3501 395 974 2132 2901 154 380 2367 1006 2580 1117 706 757 212
1437 762 675 2578 223 940 1415 2069 214 160 1695 1372 2310 1140 481 689 596
1988
1989
Occupation Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
123060
66450
56610
105190
12835
10788
124900
67377
57523
106490
13279
11127
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
33847 16312 17536 37306 3869 14817 18620 16912 817 2249 13847 13489 17876 7754 5136 4986 3629
17583 9298 8285 13322 1856 7543 3923 6840 30 1873 4938 12241 13535 4800 4654 4081 2928
16264 7014 9250 23984 2013 7273 14697 10072 787 376 8909 1248 4341 2954 483 904 701
30045 14605 15439 32232 3301 13235 15696 13207 643 1778 10787 11974 14416 6166 4227 4023 3315
2405 1103 1302 3637 376 1056 2205 2890 136 407 2346 1040 2677 1167 749 760 187
1517 807 709 2639 205 1010 1424 2131 223 167 1741 1407 2474 1151 511 811 620
35318 17186 18132 37417 3909 15119 18389 16930 821 2237 13872 13524 18068 7907 5171 4990 3642
18378 9840 8539 13310 1900 7634 3776 6774 37 1881 4857 12323 13675 4958 4682 4035 2916
16940 7346 9593 24107 2009 7485 14613 10155 784 356 9015 1201 4393 2949 490 955 726
31323 15398 15924 32184 3361 13366 15457 13208 638 1772 10799 11949 14496 6221 4254 4022 3330
2651 1233 1418 3808 378 1183 2248 2880 137 406 2337 1073 2712 1218 760 734 154
1548 821 727 2719 240 1048 1431 2195 204 166 1825 1430 2577 1250 512 816 658
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
69
Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 1990
1991
Occupation Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
118793
65104
53689
102261
12175
9845
117718
64223
53496
101182
12074
9828
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
30602 14802 15800 36913 3866 14285 18762 16012 792 2000 13220 13745 18071 8200 4886 4985 3450
16601 8872 7729 13054 1973 7247 3834 6470 29 1708 4732 12580 13494 4931 4449 4114 2907
14001 5931 8071 23859 1893 7038 14928 9543 763 293 8488 1166 4577 3269 436 871 544
27416 13432 13984 32136 3298 12871 15967 12565 571 1618 10376 12255 14732 6668 4010 4054 3157
1945 869 1076 3465 357 937 2170 2757 191 334 2233 1083 2715 1184 757 775 209
1208 630 578 2366 182 848 1336 1984 168 131 1685 1301 2436 1249 466 721 550
30934 14904 16030 36318 3814 14052 18452 16254 799 2083 13372 13250 17456 7820 4913 4723 3506
16623 8858 7765 12852 1937 7180 3735 6610 33 1765 4812 12112 13075 4693 4476 3906 2951
14311 6046 8265 23466 1877 6872 14717 9644 766 318 8560 1138 4380 3127 437 816 556
27706 13513 14193 31524 3257 12590 15677 12739 608 1682 10449 11824 14205 6284 4022 3899 3184
1972 875 1097 3443 344 955 2145 2783 162 351 2270 1039 2613 1159 774 680 224
1259 653 606 2413 196 867 1349 2005 179 144 1682 1269 2311 1142 462 707 570
Total
Men
Total
Men
1992
1993
Occupation Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
118492
64440
54052
101669
12151
10027
120259
65349
54910
103045
12382
10361
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
31085 14722 16363 37048 4277 14014 18757 16377 891 2114 13373 13225 17247 7658 4908 4682 3510
16387 8612 7775 13379 2185 7286 3908 6676 37 1760 4879 12087 12954 4623 4482 3850 2957
14698 6110 8588 23669 2092 6728 14849 9701 854 354 8493 1137 4294 3035 426 832 553
27719 13327 14393 32167 3620 12576 15971 12778 695 1669 10414 11798 14018 6141 4069 3808 3188
2044 872 1172 3423 418 891 2114 2843 162 383 2298 1016 2599 1153 730 716 226
1322 683 639 2492 216 882 1395 2037 187 168 1682 1345 2243 1130 460 653 588
32231 15338 16893 37058 4039 14342 18677 16821 928 2165 13727 13429 17341 7553 5036 4753 3379
16811 8897 7915 13417 2000 7418 3999 6867 45 1792 5030 12279 13109 4642 4570 3897 2864
15419 6441 8978 23641 2039 6924 14679 9953 883 373 8697 1150 4232 2911 465 856 515
28647 13783 14863 32096 3433 12824 15839 13145 735 1729 10681 11990 14090 6066 4195 3829 3078
2181 977 1204 3501 395 974 2132 2901 154 380 2367 1006 2580 1117 706 757 212
1437 762 675 2578 223 940 1415 2069 214 160 1695 1372 2310 1140 481 689 596
1994
1995
Occupation Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
123060
66450
56610
105190
12835
10788
124900
67377
57523
106490
13279
11127
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
33847 16312 17536 37306 3869 14817 18620 16912 817 2249 13847 13489 17876 7754 5136 4986 3629
17583 9298 8285 13322 1856 7543 3923 6840 30 1873 4938 12241 13535 4800 4654 4081 2928
16264 7014 9250 23984 2013 7273 14697 10072 787 376 8909 1248 4341 2954 483 904 701
30045 14605 15439 32232 3301 13235 15696 13207 643 1778 10787 11974 14416 6166 4227 4023 3315
2405 1103 1302 3637 376 1056 2205 2890 136 407 2346 1040 2677 1167 749 760 187
1517 807 709 2639 205 1010 1424 2131 223 167 1741 1407 2474 1151 511 811 620
35318 17186 18132 37417 3909 15119 18389 16930 821 2237 13872 13524 18068 7907 5171 4990 3642
18378 9840 8539 13310 1900 7634 3776 6774 37 1881 4857 12323 13675 4958 4682 4035 2916
16940 7346 9593 24107 2009 7485 14613 10155 784 356 9015 1201 4393 2949 490 955 726
31323 15398 15924 32184 3361 13366 15457 13208 638 1772 10799 11949 14496 6221 4254 4022 3330
2651 1233 1418 3808 378 1183 2248 2880 137 406 2337 1073 2712 1218 760 734 154
1548 821 727 2719 240 1048 1431 2195 204 166 1825 1430 2577 1250 512 816 658
70
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 1996
1997
Occupation Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
126708
68207
58501
107808
13542
11642
129558
69685
59873
109856
13969
12726
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
36497 17746 18752 37683 3926 15404 18353 17177 804 2187 14186 13587 18197 7874 5302 5021 3566
18744 9979 8764 13489 1865 7782 3842 6967 41 1811 5115 12368 13750 4902 4799 4049 2889
17754 7767 9987 24194 2061 7622 14511 10210 764 375 9071 1219 4447 2972 504 971 677
32116 15807 16309 32177 3334 13519 15323 13447 637 1748 11062 12020 14697 6270 4412 4016 3350
2706 1218 1488 3877 368 1218 2291 2962 139 389 2435 1069 2789 1193 772 824 139
1654 854 799 2849 248 1085 1516 2349 211 175 1963 1498 2607 1295 548 764 685
37686 18440 19245 38309 4214 15734 18361 17537 795 2300 14442 14124 18399 7962 5389 5048 3503
19249 10271 8978 13760 2028 7840 3892 7122 37 1890 5195 12868 13858 4962 4872 4025 2828
18437 8170 10267 24549 2186 7894 14469 10416 758 411 9247 1256 4540 3000 518 1023 675
33089 16420 16669 32624 3571 13730 15323 13604 642 1800 11162 12472 14813 6322 4435 4057 3254
2764 1267 1497 4032 410 1271 2352 3092 129 430 2533 1144 2781 1178 819 784 156
1867 1001 866 3026 256 1198 1572 2560 212 202 2146 1714 2839 1426 592 821 721
1998
1999
Occupation Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Total
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
TOTAL ......................................................................................
131463
70693
60771
110931
14556
13291
133488
71446
62042
112235
15056
13720
Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... Professional specialty ........................................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ Technicians and related support .......................................... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical .............................. Service occupations ................................................................. Private household ................................................................. Protective service ................................................................. Service, except private household and protective ............... Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Farming, forestry, and fishing ...................................................
38937 19054 19883 38521 4261 15850 18410 17836 847 2417 14572 14411 18256 7791 5363 5102 3502
19867 10585 9282 13792 1976 7875 3941 7222 46 1986 5190 13208 13769 4882 4818 4069 2835
19070 8469 10602 24728 2285 7975 14469 10614 801 431 9382 1203 4487 2909 545 1033 668
34063 16903 17160 32490 3557 13704 15229 13807 704 1892 11211 12729 14609 6146 4351 4112 3233
2947 1368 1579 4264 441 1415 2408 3148 116 463 2569 1158 2866 1200 872 795 172
1933 1028 905 3186 283 1245 1657 2670 262 204 2204 1793 2917 1340 640 938 792
40467 19584 20883 38921 4355 16118 18448 17915 831 2440 14644 14593 18167 7386 5516 5265 3426
20446 10744 9702 14079 2094 8049 3936 7093 40 1980 5074 13286 13793 4637 4968 4188 2749
20021 8840 11181 24842 2261 8069 14512 10822 791 460 9570 1307 4374 2749 548 1077 676
35125 17235 17890 32779 3622 13956 15201 13725 670 1886 11168 12908 14535 5824 4488 4223 3165
3233 1484 1749 4356 467 1405 2484 3275 126 484 2666 1174 2847 1143 879 825 172
2040 1097 943 3286 279 1267 1740 2716 244 200 2271 1871 3014 1364 659 992 793
Note: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the Other races group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the White and Black population groups. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
71
Table 1-15. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2001–2003 (Thousands of people.)
Industry
Life, physical, and social science occupations
2 299 538 10 155 18 434 11 703 6 730 4 020 15 786 6 017 1 244 4 005 6 664 2 780 8 489 5 579 11 535 15 313 2 590 8 781 6 477 6 228
1 116 144 1 760 4 973 3 376 1 597 667 1 642 681 400 1 947 2 951 833 6 336 1 133 8 548 7 912 838 1 374 1 358 2 428
35 17 11 242 52 189 16 9 2 22 21 22 3 309 23 164 181 12 5 13 167
78 5 99 306 160 146 54 605 267 37 97 78 349 105 2 177 1 259 4 553 1 196 5 865 2 141 1 912
125 64 767 2 582 1 515 1 067 2 232 10 900 1 694 264 1 357 3 568 1 360 1 714 1 427 1 241 2 426 384 1 127 1 123 1 431
885 204 6 992 1 286 872 414 230 814 357 276 423 32 135 144 210 168 103 83 47 1 046 254
95 123 537 9 286 5 780 3 506 836 1 825 3 018 267 181 35 103 190 632 319 319 90 367 809 204
2 311 502 9 981 17 233 10 833 6 400 4 144 15 663 5 971 1 273 3 691 6 749 2 816 8 408 5 607 11 724 15 900 2 639 8 902 6 665 6 307
1 173 127 1 673 4 626 3 116 1 510 668 1 634 636 387 1 778 3 051 850 6 344 1 118 8 695 8 297 836 1 347 1 452 2 489
24 15 8 272 71 201 20 14 4 30 11 20 6 288 22 161 184 11 3 15 181
69 9 82 280 136 144 53 589 281 34 87 63 345 110 2 285 1 281 4 725 1 233 6 060 2 269 1 912
108 47 764 2 447 1 452 995 2 286 10 892 1 601 269 1 270 3 560 1 346 1 659 1 325 1 261 2 486 410 1 079 1 141 1 455
864 202 6 940 1 250 854 395 242 815 374 297 380 29 141 127 228 158 99 91 54 1 008 263
96 117 522 8 630 5 274 3 356 895 1 733 3 078 287 175 46 133 170 651 329 294 68 362 794 189
2 275 525 10 138 16 902 10 520 6 382 4 486 16 220 5 758 1 193 3 687 6 834 2 914 8 243 5 636 11 826 16 434 2 587 9 021 6 815 6 243
1 088 133 1 590 4 733 3 207 1 526 782 1 679 630 376 1 852 3 142 881 6 237 1 131 8 808 8 665 891 1 267 1 482 2 563
29 18 6 287 58 229 20 15 6 28 12 26 6 320 25 170 201 9 2 14 182
80 6 60 252 128 123 47 569 268 21 91 67 304 122 2 321 1 274 4 785 1 193 6 393 2 321 1 912
112 57 693 2 340 1 370 970 2 477 11 273 1 614 252 1 188 3 561 1 421 1 627 1 286 1 236 2 565 361 988 1 064 1 384
901 203 7 277 1 150 756 394 239 888 401 293 380 36 194 130 262 187 127 92 57 1 144 245
94 127 519 8 428 5 060 3 368 941 1 811 2 845 251 176 29 114 128 637 322 291 50 315 804 138
Total employed
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
Management, professional, and related occupations
2001 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ................... Mining ........................................................................ Construction ............................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................ Durable goods ........................................................ Nondurable goods .................................................. Wholesale trade ......................................................... Retail trade ................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ............................... Utilities ....................................................................... Information .................................................................. Finance and insurance ............................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ............................ Professional and technical services ........................... Management, administrative, and waste services ..... Educational services .................................................. Healthcare and social assistance .............................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................ Accommodation and food services ............................ Other services ............................................................. Public administration .................................................. 2002 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ................... Mining ........................................................................ Construction ............................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................ Durable goods ........................................................ Nondurable goods .................................................. Wholesale trade .......................................................... Retail trade ................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ............................... Utilities ....................................................................... Information ................................................................. Finance and insurance ............................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ............................. Professional and technical services ............................ Management, administrative, and waste services ...... Educational services ................................................... Healthcare and social assistance ............................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................. Accommodation and food services ............................. Other services ............................................................. Public administration ................................................... 2003 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ................... Mining ........................................................................ Construction ............................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................ Durable goods ........................................................ Nondurable goods .................................................. Wholesale trade ......................................................... Retail trade ................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ............................... Utilities ........................................................................ Information ................................................................. Finance and insurance ................................................ Real estate and rental and leasing ............................ Professional and technical services ........................... Management, administrative, and water services ...... Educational services .................................................. Healthcare and social assistance .............................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................ Accommodation and food services ............................ Other services ............................................................ Public administration ..................................................
72
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999 (Thousands of people.) Managerial and professional specialty
Industry
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Executive, Total Techniemployed adminisProfescians and trative, sional related and man- specialty support agerial
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Service occupations
Handlers, Precision producMachine equipOther Transporment tion, craft, operators, services, tation and Private cleaners, and repair assemmaterial household including blers, and helpers, protective moving and inspectors laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1990 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
3 223 724 7 764 21 346 12 630 8 717 8 168 4 669 19 953 8 051 39 267 38 231 25 351 5 627
95 110 1 034 2 530 1 521 1 010 915 528 1 557 2 087 4 745 4 742 2 642 1 199
85 63 133 1 794 1 225 569 459 88 379 225 11 786 11 773 10 425 788
30 32 64 765 533 232 306 50 89 155 2 125 2 121 1 719 251
23 9 75 779 326 453 340 1 862 8 295 1 904 971 969 162 26
108 72 426 2 363 1 363 1 000 2 166 788 1 633 3 097 6 561 6 552 4 763 1 549
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 792 ... ... ...
17 9 35 374 197 178 293 39 4 584 296 8 194 8 098 4 545 1 380
42 243 4 445 3 964 2 721 1 243 1 259 323 1 181 155 1 898 1 881 400 235
13 26 114 6 696 3 685 3 011 122 138 197 19 831 829 228 43
49 123 524 805 416 389 1 812 464 512 17 521 514 276 60
21 36 890 1 173 552 621 481 380 1 498 25 436 417 101 44
2 740 2 23 102 91 11 14 10 27 71 408 336 91 53
3 269 732 7 140 20 580 12 015 8 565 8 234 4 660 19 758 7 806 39 884 38 868 25 853 5 655
91 112 969 2 499 1 489 1 010 973 537 1 591 2 027 4 873 4 871 2 706 1 231
78 65 137 1 777 1 178 599 474 77 372 216 12 035 12 029 10 629 798
31 37 53 749 512 237 301 37 103 133 2 148 2 144 1 742 223
22 8 71 729 292 437 331 1 868 8 181 1 849 967 966 162 27
102 81 386 2 283 1 260 1 023 2 170 776 1 589 3 022 6 534 6 522 4 788 1 508
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 799 ... ... ...
18 12 29 355 185 170 262 36 4 605 270 8 455 8 375 4 749 1 414
41 244 4 077 3 837 2 630 1 207 1 285 319 1 142 167 1 884 1 870 393 253
12 24 100 6 402 3 459 2 943 125 135 173 18 792 791 211 41
54 115 497 780 404 376 1 833 490 530 14 537 531 295 62
16 34 797 1 076 525 551 465 374 1 450 20 444 422 87 46
2 803 1 24 92 80 13 16 11 23 69 416 346 92 51
3 247 666 7 063 20 124 11 561 8 563 8 284 4 783 19 938 7 780 40 967 39 821 27 713 5 640
91 100 892 2 401 1 405 996 946 556 1 603 1 966 4 937 4 933 3 150 1 231
74 58 147 1 640 1 069 571 461 85 374 224 12 473 12 463 11 168 829
44 31 67 758 525 234 375 46 146 162 2 379 2 373 2 040 268
21 7 73 768 306 462 250 1 883 8 229 1 851 908 906 175 25
118 79 410 2 268 1 251 1 017 2 281 820 1 591 2 991 6 728 6 714 5 032 1 472
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 891 ... ... ...
17 12 34 330 158 172 274 42 4 717 290 9 259 8 368 5 017 1 404
45 214 4 073 3 808 2 569 1 239 1 227 302 1 117 171 2 022 2 007 411 246
10 28 99 6 244 3 344 2 901 114 118 180 19 810 807 208 37
44 106 480 749 374 375 1 874 490 530 13 563 555 314 59
19 31 762 1 074 485 589 464 405 1 428 22 440 421 102 38
2 764 1 28 84 75 8 18 38 25 73 449 372 95 31
3 115 672 7 276 19 711 11 385 8 326 8 526 4 622 20 521 7 975 42 059 40 924 28 365 5 782
99 102 928 2 432 1 415 1 017 975 533 1 652 2 089 5 234 5 231 3 299 1 294
87 75 137 1 688 1 085 603 500 85 351 244 12 864 12 857 11 476 862
39 24 46 693 463 231 329 49 129 161 2 300 2 298 1 969 270
14 4 74 739 282 457 241 1 819 8 543 1 918 963 961 176 26
114 73 390 2 161 1 181 981 2 318 771 1 571 2 967 6 841 6 830 5 111 1 469
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 928 ... ... ...
15 8 35 312 161 151 266 40 4 873 290 8 579 8 497 5 163 1 475
45 233 4 292 3 744 2 553 1 191 1 271 296 1 095 183 2 047 2 035 419 224
8 25 79 6 124 3 352 2 772 131 115 179 21 831 831 223 39
53 103 517 710 361 349 2 000 492 543 13 551 547 314 54
20 25 753 1 012 446 566 479 378 1 563 19 467 446 108 39
2 621 ... 25 95 87 9 18 44 23 70 453 392 105 31
1991 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1992 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households .... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1993 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
. . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
73
Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999—Continued (Thousands of people.) Managerial and professional specialty
Industry
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Executive, Total Techniemployed adminisProfescians and trative, sional related and man- specialty support agerial
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Service occupations
Handlers, Precision producequipMachine Other Transporment tion, craft, operators, services, tation and Private cleaners, and repair assemmaterial household including helpers, blers, and protective moving and inspectors laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1994 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
3 409 669 7 493 20 157 11 792 8 365 8 692 4 713 20 986 8 141 42 986 42 009 29 030 5 814
97 110 1 055 2 588 1 555 1 033 1 065 531 1 704 2 198 5 649 5 645 3 559 1 315
88 76 138 1 814 1 170 644 486 89 402 272 13 319 13 311 11 888 853
38 22 60 611 412 200 329 37 119 160 2 274 2 272 1 968 221
14 10 59 745 310 435 248 1 880 8 772 2 029 1 032 1 031 193 28
145 67 429 2 093 1 146 946 2 337 775 1 555 2 915 6 864 6 855 5 083 1 440
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 817 ... ... ...
18 9 34 290 152 138 246 34 4 948 282 8 654 8 584 5 134 1 579
42 222 4 263 3 803 2 622 1 181 1 270 296 1 145 167 2 071 2 063 470 211
5 21 86 6 298 3 415 2 883 120 150 197 18 825 825 222 32
45 109 529 744 416 328 2 049 464 548 17 567 564 314 64
19 21 818 1 082 514 569 528 398 1 569 18 493 480 94 39
2 897 1 22 89 80 9 15 60 27 66 421 380 105 30
3 440 627 7 668 20 493 12 015 8 478 8 709 4 986 21 086 7 983 43 953 42 982 29 661 5 957
105 100 1 117 2 804 1 683 1 121 1 124 554 1 740 2 258 6 029 6 023 3 721 1 356
92 60 145 1 787 1 160 627 510 108 425 268 13 755 13 746 12 233 981
45 22 43 615 404 211 310 48 141 148 2 307 2 305 1 974 230
15 4 63 756 311 445 259 1 979 8 949 1 985 1 086 1 086 199 24
145 53 431 2 108 1 117 991 2 337 792 1 501 2 757 6 848 6 838 5 114 1 417
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 821 ... ... ...
16 5 33 294 156 138 247 37 4 844 269 8 788 8 719 5 284 1 577
35 228 4 362 3 837 2 660 1 177 1 223 308 1 111 183 2 008 2 002 465 229
17 28 85 6 386 3 498 2 888 121 187 214 14 824 822 178 32
45 101 513 728 390 338 2 079 488 578 14 572 569 312 52
19 25 858 1 067 535 532 487 423 1 548 19 510 497 87 35
2 907 2 18 111 100 11 12 62 34 68 405 374 94 25
3 443 569 7 943 20 518 12 202 8 316 8 817 4 956 21 541 8 076 45 043 44 107 30 085 5 802
108 90 1 221 2 840 1 690 1 150 1 159 563 1 818 2 274 6 347 6 343 3 853 1 325
88 44 165 1 882 1 204 678 529 100 410 271 14 312 14 302 12 592 951
40 21 45 631 425 206 332 52 123 162 2 312 2 310 1 941 208
19 10 65 766 337 429 288 2 005 9 055 2 052 1 120 1 119 204 25
174 47 452 2 033 1 131 903 2 319 749 1 577 2 744 6 905 6 900 5 090 1 353
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 804 ... ... ...
28 7 32 264 144 120 251 48 4 983 298 8 876 8 821 5 340 1 585
41 208 4 442 3 814 2 677 1 137 1 185 320 1 137 165 2 055 2 048 417 221
11 21 96 6 350 3 561 2 789 132 142 204 15 875 875 190 28
34 105 513 767 425 342 2 126 515 614 13 573 572 301 43
13 17 890 1 069 518 551 489 400 1 583 28 496 484 88 37
2 888 1 21 101 90 11 7 62 39 54 367 335 69 25
1995 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1996 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
. . . = Not available.
74
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999—Continued (Thousands of people.) Managerial and professional specialty
Industry
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Executive, Total Techniemployed adminisProfescians and trative, sional related and man- specialty support agerial
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Service occupations
Handlers, Precision producMachine equipOther Transporment tion, craft, operators, services, tation and Private cleaners, and repair assemmaterial household including blers, and helpers, protective moving and inspectors laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1997 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
3 399 634 8 302 20 835 12 437 8 399 9 182 4 907 21 869 8 297 46 393 45 472 30 935 5 738
124 92 1 274 2 882 1 699 1 183 1 230 589 1 893 2 428 6 642 6 638 4 057 1 287
83 51 158 1 938 1 261 677 562 110 427 308 14 677 14 671 12 846 932
48 25 45 689 441 249 342 47 155 151 2 490 2 485 2 110 221
19 10 72 785 316 469 283 1 928 9 303 2 092 1 210 1 210 225 32
160 66 425 2 029 1 133 896 2 297 740 1 480 2 749 7 113 7 107 5 177 1 303
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 795 ... ... ...
24 4 35 268 145 123 301 56 5 048 307 9 055 8 988 5 432 1 644
34 236 4 731 3 887 2 753 1 134 1 257 326 1 173 175 2 115 2 109 420 191
10 24 97 6 471 3 685 2 786 133 133 202 12 854 853 207 27
51 101 558 762 406 356 2 230 520 572 11 537 537 279 46
26 24 884 1 027 512 515 531 393 1 580 28 521 514 89 33
2 821 1 22 96 87 9 16 66 36 38 384 359 93 23
3 378 620 8 518 20 733 12 566 8 168 9 307 5 090 22 113 8 605 47 212 46 244 31 392 5 887
110 101 1 380 3 008 1 796 1 212 1 307 622 1 916 2 489 6 793 6 787 4 164 1 329
105 63 144 2 007 1 351 656 561 131 459 356 15 090 15 084 13 122 968
51 19 47 646 430 217 324 43 188 166 2 541 2 540 2 132 234
23 11 56 764 318 446 273 2 054 9 306 2 143 1 197 1 196 213 25
136 53 415 1 982 1 127 856 2 349 756 1 438 2 860 7 118 7 109 5 132 1 302
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 847 ... ... ...
21 8 28 291 150 141 296 57 5 125 323 9 117 9 061 5 485 1 722
39 208 4 889 3 956 2 807 1 150 1 285 346 1 177 177 2 154 2 151 473 182
20 31 94 6 219 3 594 2 625 135 137 230 12 887 887 195 27
42 105 535 765 415 350 2 243 493 575 13 551 548 294 40
19 18 910 1 019 509 510 522 380 1 670 17 516 509 99 30
2 814 1 21 76 71 5 13 71 30 49 399 374 85 27
3 281 565 8 987 20 070 12 283 7 787 9 554 5 189 22 383 8 815 48 687 47 747 32 370 5 958
118 83 1 379 2 955 1 799 1 156 1 340 630 1 967 2 664 7 061 7 056 4 307 1 386
97 69 159 1 981 1 286 694 557 158 461 380 16 031 16 026 13 796 992
53 19 60 645 440 205 359 50 207 200 2 533 2 530 2 074 229
15 7 67 736 351 385 275 2 047 9 489 2 224 1 230 1 230 210 28
149 35 406 1 883 1 067 816 2 386 819 1 495 2 780 7 242 7 234 5 333 1 253
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 831 ... ... ...
15 6 33 242 125 117 304 52 5 122 294 9 275 9 219 5 536 1 741
36 198 5 224 3 883 2 715 1 168 1 335 324 1 108 177 2 119 2 116 463 189
10 24 108 5 896 3 504 2 391 123 118 229 10 847 847 167 22
48 102 543 726 394 332 2 318 523 625 12 575 573 301 42
18 21 984 1 035 520 515 546 406 1 643 23 547 535 91 42
2 722 1 22 88 82 7 14 62 38 50 395 382 90 34
1998 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1999 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households .... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. . . . = Not available.
75
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-17. Employed Civilians in Agriculture and Nonagricultural Industries by Class of Worker and Sex, 1980–2003 (Thousands of people.) Agriculture Year and sex
Total employed
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Selfemployed workers
Unpaid family workers
Wage and salary workers Total Total
Government
Private household
Other private
Selfemployed workers
Unpaid family workers
TOTAL 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
99 302 100 398 99 526 100 833 105 006
3 364 3 368 3 401 3 383 3 321
1 425 1 464 1 505 1 579 1 555
1 642 1 638 1 636 1 565 1 553
297 266 261 240 213
95 938 97 030 96 125 97 450 101 685
88 525 89 543 88 462 89 500 93 565
15 912 15 689 15 516 15 537 15 770
1 192 1 208 1 207 1 244 1 238
71 421 72 646 71 739 72 719 76 557
7 000 7 097 7 262 7 575 7 785
413 390 401 376 335
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
107 150 109 597 112 440 114 969 117 341
3 179 3 163 3 208 3 169 3 199
1 535 1 547 1 632 1 621 1 665
1 458 1 447 1 423 1 398 1 403
185 169 153 150 131
103 971 106 434 109 232 111 800 114 142
95 871 98 299 100 771 103 021 105 259
16 031 16 342 16 800 17 114 17 469
1 249 1 235 1 208 1 153 1 101
78 591 80 722 82 763 84 754 86 689
7 811 7 881 8 201 8 519 8 605
289 255 260 260 279
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
118 793 117 718 118 492 120 259 123 060
3 223 3 269 3 247 3 115 3 409
1 740 1 729 1 750 1 689 1 715
1 378 1 423 1 385 1 320 1 645
105 118 112 106 49
115 570 114 449 115 245 117 144 119 651
106 598 105 373 106 437 107 966 110 517
17 769 17 934 18 136 18 579 18 293
1 027 1 010 1 135 1 126 966
87 802 86 429 87 166 88 261 91 258
8 719 8 851 8 575 8 959 9 003
253 226 233 218 131
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
124 900 126 707 129 558 131 463 133 488
3 440 3 443 3 399 3 378 3 281
1 814 1 869 1 890 2 000 1 944
1 580 1 518 1 457 1 341 1 297
45 56 51 38 40
121 460 123 264 126 159 128 085 130 207
112 448 114 171 116 983 119 019 121 323
18 362 18 217 18 131 18 383 18 903
963 928 915 962 933
93 123 95 026 97 937 99 674 101 487
8 902 8 971 9 056 8 962 8 790
110 122 120 103 95
2000 2001 2002 2003
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
136 891 136 933 136 485 137 736
2 464 2 299 2 311 2 275
1 421 1 283 1 282 1 299
1 010 988 1 003 951
33 28 26 25
134 427 134 635 134 174 135 461
125 114 125 407 125 156 126 015
19 248 19 335 19 636 19 634
718 694 757 764
105 148 105 378 104 764 105 616
9 205 9 121 8 923 9 344
108 107 95 101
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
57 186 57 397 56 270 56 787 59 091
2 709 2 700 2 736 2 704 2 668
1 149 1 168 1 208 1 265 1 254
1 458 1 442 1 433 1 355 1 350
101 91 95 84 65
54 477 54 697 53 534 54 083 56 423
49 517 49 745 48 529 48 896 51 151
7 822 7 676 7 598 7 623 7 720
149 192 188 208 178
41 546 41 877 40 743 41 065 43 253
4 904 4 905 4 954 5 136 5 219
56 47 52 51 52
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
59 891 60 892 62 107 63 273 64 315
2 535 2 511 2 543 2 493 2 513
1 230 1 230 1 290 1 268 1 302
1 244 1 227 1 194 1 174 1 167
60 54 58 50 44
57 356 58 381 59 564 60 780 61 802
52 111 53 075 54 102 55 177 56 202
7 757 7 805 8 013 8 074 8 116
170 180 180 157 156
44 184 45 090 45 909 46 946 47 930
5 207 5 271 5 423 5 564 5 562
38 35 39 39 38
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
65 105 64 223 64 441 65 349 66 450
2 546 2 589 2 575 2 478 2 554
1 355 1 359 1 371 1 323 1 330
1 151 1 185 1 164 1 117 1 197
39 45 40 39 27
62 559 61 634 61 866 62 871 63 896
56 913 55 899 56 212 56 926 58 300
8 245 8 300 8 348 8 435 8 327
149 143 156 146 99
48 519 47 456 47 708 48 345 49 874
5 597 5 700 5 613 5 894 5 560
48 35 41 50 37
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
67 377 68 207 69 685 70 693 71 446
2 559 2 573 2 552 2 553 2 432
1 395 1 418 1 439 1 526 1 450
1 138 1 124 1 084 1 005 962
26 31 29 23 20
64 818 65 634 67 133 68 140 69 014
59 332 60 133 61 595 62 630 63 624
8 267 8 110 8 015 8 178 8 278
96 99 81 86 74
50 969 51 924 53 499 54 366 55 272
5 461 5 465 5 506 5 480 5 366
25 36 31 29 25
2000 2001 2002 2003
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
73 305 73 196 72 903 73 332
1 861 1 708 1 724 1 695
1 116 990 979 991
725 703 731 694
20 15 14 11
71 444 71 488 71 179 71 636
65 838 65 930 65 726 65 871
8 309 8 342 8 437 8 368
71 63 76 59
57 458 57 524 57 212 57 444
5 573 5 527 5 425 5 736
33 31 29 30
MEN
WOMEN 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
42 117 43 000 43 256 44 047 45 915
656 667 665 680 653
275 296 296 314 301
184 196 203 210 203
197 176 166 156 148
41 461 42 333 42 591 43 367 45 262
39 007 39 798 39 934 40 603 42 413
8 090 8 013 7 918 7 913 8 050
1 044 1 016 1 019 1 036 1 061
29 873 30 769 30 997 31 654 33 302
2 097 2 192 2 309 2 439 2 566
357 343 348 325 283
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
47 259 48 706 50 334 51 696 53 028
644 652 666 676 687
305 317 342 353 363
214 220 229 224 236
125 115 95 99 87
46 615 48 054 49 668 51 020 52 341
43 761 45 225 46 669 47 844 49 057
8 274 8 537 8 788 9 039 9 353
1 078 1 055 1 029 996 945
34 409 35 633 36 852 37 809 38 759
2 603 2 610 2 778 2 955 3 043
251 219 221 220 240
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
53 689 53 495 54 052 54 910 56 610
678 680 672 637 855
385 369 379 367 384
227 237 221 204 448
66 73 73 67 23
53 011 52 815 53 380 54 273 55 755
49 685 49 474 50 225 51 040 52 217
9 524 9 635 9 788 10 144 9 965
879 867 979 980 867
39 282 38 972 39 458 39 916 41 385
3 122 3 150 2 963 3 065 3 443
205 191 192 168 95
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
57 523 58 501 59 873 60 770 62 042
881 871 847 825 849
419 452 451 474 494
442 394 373 336 335
20 25 23 15 20
56 642 57 630 59 026 59 945 61 193
53 115 54 037 55 388 56 389 57 699
10 095 10 107 10 116 10 205 10 625
867 830 834 876 859
42 153 43 100 44 438 45 308 46 215
3 440 3 506 3 550 3 482 3 424
86 87 89 74 70
2000 2001 2002 2003
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
63 586 63 737 63 582 64 404
602 591 587 580
305 293 303 309
285 284 272 257
12 13 12 14
62 983 63 147 62 995 63 824
59 277 59 477 59 431 60 144
10 939 10 993 11 199 11 267
647 630 680 705
47 690 47 853 47 552 48 172
3 631 3 594 3 499 3 609
76 75 66 72
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparabilty.
76
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-18. Number of Employed Persons 25 Years and Over by Educational Attainment, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 1993–2003 (Thousands of people.) Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
Less than a high school diploma
Total
High school graduates, no college
College graduates Some college, no degree
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree only
Total
TOTAL 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
101 615 104 141
11 201 11 053
35 395 35 135
18 729 19 861
8 174 8 834
28 115 29 257
18 300 19 225
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
106 037 108 070 110 518 111 855 113 425
10 945 11 317 11 546 11 673 11 294
34 999 36 300 36 163 35 976 36 017
20 436 20 590 20 678 20 626 21 129
9 245 9 404 9 643 9 850 10 079
30 412 31 459 32 488 33 730 34 905
19 924 20 742 21 524 22 260 22 973
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
116 473 116 846 116 802 118 385
11 692 11 669 11 535 11 537
36 452 36 078 35 779 35 857
21 601 21 459 20 928 21 107
10 707 11 127 11 166 11 313
36 020 36 514 37 395 38 570
23 706 23 907 24 570 25 188
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
87 001 89 057
9 109 8 879
30 242 30 004
15 987 16 893
7 052 7 622
24 613 25 658
15 962 16 719
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
90 498 91 992 93 687 94 330 95 316
8 690 9 258 9 414 9 510 9 235
29 776 30 042 30 552 30 249 30 211
17 265 17 249 17 302 17 101 17 388
7 970 8 072 8 271 8 426 8 556
26 796 27 371 28 148 29 044 29 925
17 434 17 978 18 801 19 107 19 668
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
97 320 97 560 97 476 98 120
9 544 9 550 9 394 9 437
30 438 30 126 29 836 29 645
17 770 17 671 17 209 17 227
9 075 9 393 9 440 9 476
30 493 30 821 31 597 32 335
20 078 20 136 20 670 21 103
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
10 511 10 834
1 580 1 543
4 075 4 016
2 180 2 340
815 902
1 862 2 034
1 315 1 483
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11 249 11 518 11 882 12 324 12 771
1 482 1 534 1 578 1 579 1 488
4 142 4 192 4 409 4 504 4 631
2 517 2 640 2 681 2 776 2 924
960 969 984 1 020 1 108
2 149 2 183 2 230 2 446 2 621
1 538 1 539 1 591 1 741 1 814
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12 852 12 797 12 719 12 706
1 499 1 492 1 498 1 376
4 571 4 492 4 453 4 465
2 910 2 871 2 843 2 780
1 160 1 216 1 210 1 199
2 713 2 727 2 715 2 887
1 866 1 921 1 955 2 056
8 218 8 535
2 996 3 078
2 422 2 503
1 276 1 353
514 530
1 009 1 071
697 740
WHITE1
BLACK1
HISPANIC 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ...................................................... 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 873 9 368 10 214 10 615 10 985
3 204 3 450 3 738 3 889 3 926
2 624 2 746 2 945 3 018 3 213
1 427 1 453 1 603 1 622 1 696
534 568 611 660 660
1 084 1 151 1 316 1 427 1 491
759 813 926 1 007 1 034
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12 406 12 817 13 294 14 205
4 468 4 601 4 744 5 073
3 658 3 796 3 921 4 169
1 828 1 916 1 900 2 037
756 781 823 889
1 696 1 723 1 906 2 039
1 198 1 223 1 370 1 468
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
55 550 56 523
6 977 6 851
18 575 18 418
9 878 10 402
4 012 4 184
16 109 16 668
10 170 10 672
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57 420 58 468 59 736 60 497 61 032
6 691 7 058 7 210 7 238 6 921
18 426 18 639 19 124 19 188 19 125
10 653 10 759 10 876 10 684 10 941
4 394 4 416 4 517 4 731 4 838
17 255 17 596 18 010 18 656 19 208
10 983 11 266 11 587 12 028 12 343
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62 661 62 824 62 756 63 349
7 199 7 188 7 220 7 290
19 388 19 274 19 154 19 200
11 260 11 076 10 811 10 858
5 013 5 226 5 221 5 231
19 800 20 060 20 350 20 770
12 742 12 872 13 076 13 354
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
46 064 47 618
4 224 4 202
16 820 16 717
8 851 9 459
4 163 4 650
12 006 12 589
8 130 8 553
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48 617 49 602 50 782 51 359 52 392
4 254 4 259 4 336 4 435 4 372
16 573 16 661 17 039 16 788 16 893
9 783 9 831 9 802 9 943 10 189
4 851 4 988 5 126 5 119 5 242
13 157 13 863 14 478 15 074 15 697
8 941 9 475 9 937 10 231 10 630
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53 812 54 021 54 046 55 035
4 493 4 480 4 315 4 248
17 064 16 804 16 624 16 657
10 341 10 383 10 117 10 249
5 694 5 901 5 945 6 081
16 220 16 453 17 045 17 800
10 964 11 035 11 493 11 834
MEN
WOMEN
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
77
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-18. Number of Employed Persons 25 Years and Over by Educational Attainment, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 1993–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
Less than a high school diploma
Total
High school graduates, no college
College graduates Some college, no degree
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree only
Total
WHITE MEN1 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
48 191 48 938
5 807 5 633
16 002 15 833
8 581 8 990
3 514 3 667
14 288 14 814
9 020 9 435
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
49 641 50 533 51 397 51 842 52 180
5 444 5 920 6 049 6 123 5 883
15 760 15 995 16 330 16 308 16 193
9 155 9 197 9 245 9 009 9 182
3 856 3 861 3 941 4 118 4 160
15 426 15 559 15 832 16 284 16 763
9 780 9 965 10 191 10 490 10 806
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53 243 53 375 53 242 53 458
6 085 6 080 6 072 6 192
16 373 16 292 16 148 16 068
9 435 9 344 9 102 9 042
4 320 4 501 4 497 4 431
17 030 17 158 17 423 17 725
11 029 11 060 11 217 11 461
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
38 810 40 119
3 301 3 246
14 240 14 171
7 406 7 902
3 538 3 955
10 325 10 844
6 941 7 285
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40 857 41 459 42 290 42 488 43 135
3 246 3 337 3 365 3 387 3 352
14 016 14 046 14 222 13 941 14 018
8 110 8 052 8 058 8 092 8 207
4 115 4 211 4 330 4 308 4 396
11 370 11 812 12 316 12 760 13 162
7 655 8 012 8 410 8 618 8 862
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
44 077 44 184 44 234 44 662
3 459 3 469 3 322 3 245
14 065 13 834 13 688 13 576
8 335 8 327 8 107 8 185
4 755 4 891 4 944 5 045
13 463 13 663 14 173 14 610
9 049 9 075 9 453 9 643
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
5 119 5 246
875 844
2 014 2 001
998 1 057
353 373
879 970
617 712
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 423 5 483 5 658 5 844 6 001
778 861 868 811 741
2 101 2 104 2 181 2 248 2 339
1 142 1 177 1 241 1 267 1 313
393 382 385 413 469
1 010 960 983 1 104 1 140
717 666 710 802 789
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 011 5 924 5 928 5 860
755 762 785 693
2 253 2 232 2 212 2 190
1 326 1 258 1 264 1 256
466 486 482 492
1 210 1 186 1 185 1 230
828 834 855 890
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
5 392 5 589
705 699
2 060 2 015
1 182 1 283
462 529
983 1 064
698 771
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 826 6 035 6 225 6 480 6 770
704 673 710 768 746
2 042 2 088 2 229 2 256 2 292
1 375 1 463 1 439 1 509 1 612
566 587 600 607 639
1 139 1 224 1 247 1 341 1 481
822 873 882 939 1 025
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 841 6 873 6 791 6 846
743 730 713 683
2 318 2 260 2 241 2 275
1 583 1 612 1 579 1 524
694 729 729 707
1 503 1 541 1 530 1 657
1 038 1 087 1 101 1 166
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
4 989 5 133
2 019 2 059
1 365 1 416
742 761
281 287
582 610
401 413
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 337 5 640 6 165 6 397 6 441
2 125 2 320 2 502 2 594 2 554
1 501 1 588 1 714 1 764 1 839
818 790 899 913 917
279 271 302 336 334
615 671 747 790 797
408 456 502 547 540
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 373 7 628 7 865 8 578
2 937 3 041 3 141 3 424
2 128 2 174 2 244 2 461
995 1 082 1 029 1 105
397 386 415 451
916 945 1 035 1 137
634 669 732 806
1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
3 229 3 402
977 1 019
1 057 1 087
535 592
233 242
428 461
296 327
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 536 3 729 4 049 4 219 4 544
1 079 1 131 1 236 1 295 1 372
1 123 1 159 1 231 1 254 1 373
609 663 704 708 778
255 297 309 325 327
470 480 569 637 694
351 357 425 459 494
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 033 5 190 5 429 5 627
1 531 1 560 1 604 1 649
1 529 1 622 1 676 1 708
833 834 871 932
359 395 408 438
780 778 871 901
564 553 638 661
WHITE WOMEN1
BLACK MEN1
BLACK WOMEN1
HISPANIC MEN
HISPANIC WOMEN
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
78
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-19. Multiple Jobholders and Multiple Jobholding Rates by Selected Characteristics, May of Selected Years, 1970–2004 (Thousands of people, percent, not seasonally adjusted.) Multiple jobholding rate 1
Multiple jobholders Total employed
Year
Women Total
Men Number
Percent of all multiple jobholders
Total
Men
Women
Black 2
White
1970 ................................................. 1971 ................................................. 1972 ................................................. 1973 ................................................. 1974 .................................................
78 358 78 708 81 224 83 758 85 786
4 048 4 035 3 770 4 262 3 889
3 412 3 270 3 035 3 393 3 022
636 765 735 869 867
15.7 19.0 19.5 20.4 22.3
5.2 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.5
7.0 6.7 6.0 6.6 5.8
2.2 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.6
5.3 5.3 4.8 5.1 4.6
4.4 3.8 3.7 4.7 3.8
1975 ................................................. 1976 ................................................. 1977 ................................................. 1978 ................................................. 1979 .................................................
84 146 87 278 90 482 93 904 96 327
3 918 3 948 4 558 4 493 4 724
2 962 3 037 3 317 3 212 3 317
956 911 1 241 1 281 1 407
24.4 23.1 27.2 28.5 29.8
4.7 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.9
5.8 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.9
2.9 2.6 3.4 3.3 3.5
4.8 4.7 5.3 5.0 5.1
3.7 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.0
1980 ................................................. 1985 ................................................. 1989 ................................................. 1991 ................................................. 1994 .................................................
96 809 106 878 117 084 116 626 122 946
4 759 5 730 7 225 7 183 7 316
3 210 3 537 4 115 4 054 3 973
1 549 2 192 3 109 3 129 3 343
32.5 38.3 43.0 43.6 45.7
4.9 5.4 6.2 6.2 6.0
5.8 5.9 6.4 6.4 6.0
3.8 4.7 5.9 5.9 5.9
5.1 5.7 6.5 6.4 6.1
3.2 3.2 4.3 4.9 4.9
1995 ................................................. 1996 ................................................. 1997 ................................................. 1998 ................................................. 1999 .................................................
124 554 126 391 129 565 131 476 133 411
7 952 7 846 8 197 8 126 7 895
4 225 4 352 4 398 4 438 4 117
3 727 3 494 3 800 3 688 3 778
46.9 44.5 46.4 45.4 47.9
6.4 6.2 6.3 6.2 5.9
6.3 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.8
6.5 6.0 6.4 6.1 6.1
6.6 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.0
5.2 5.1 5.7 5.5 5.5
2000 ................................................. 2001 ................................................. 2002 ................................................. 2003 ................................................. 2004 .................................................
136 685 137 121 136 559 137 567 138 897
7 751 7 540 7 247 7 338 7 258
4 084 3 914 3 736 3 841 3 653
3 667 3 626 3 511 3 498 3 605
47.3 48.1 48.4 47.7 49.7
5.7 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.2
5.6 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.9
5.8 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.6
5.9 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.3
4.9 5.3 4.7 4.3 5.1
Note: Data prior to 1985 reflect 1970 census-based population controls; for 1985–1991, 1980 census-based controls; for 1994–1997, 1990 census-based controls adjusted for the estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data reflect revised population controls. Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls. Beginning in 1999, 2000, and 2004 data reflect revised population controls. These changes affect comparability with data for prior periods. Comprehensive surveys of multiple jobholders were not conducted in 1981–1984, 1986–1988, 1990, and 1992–1993. 1Multiple jobholders as 2Data for years prior to
a percent of all employed persons in specified group. 1977 refer to the Black-and-Other population group.
79
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-20. Multiple Jobholders by Sex, Age, Marital Status, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Job Status, 2000–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Both sexes Characteristic
2000
Men Rate 1
Number 2001
2000
2001
2000
Women Rate 1
Number 2001
2000
Rate 1
Number
2001
2000
2001
2000
2001
AGE Total, 16 years and over 2 .......................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................................................ 65 years and over ..................................................................
7604 338 735 1757 2104 1803 715 152
7357 303 736 1644 2046 1762 716 150
5.6 4.7 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.1 3.6
5.4 4.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.7 4.9 3.5
3996 142 329 961 1148 929 390 98
3834 124 331 895 1099 901 391 95
5.5 3.9 4.7 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.1 4.1
5.2 3.6 4.8 5.3 5.7 5.5 4.9 3.9
3608 196 406 797 956 874 325 54
3523 179 404 750 947 862 326 55
5.7 5.6 6.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 5.1 3.1
5.5 5.4 6.3 5.4 5.7 5.8 4.8 3.0
2092 4198 1314
1981 4073 1304
5.7 5.4 6.1
5.4 5.2 6.0
998 2525 473
950 2408 477
4.9 5.7 5.3
4.7 5.5 5.4
1094 1674 841
1031 1665 827
6.6 4.9 6.6
6.2 4.9 6.4
6482 808 533
6300 747 551
5.7 5.3 3.4
5.5 5.0 3.4
3447 391 332
3298 380 328
5.5 5.5 3.5
5.3 5.5 3.4
3036 417 201
3002 367 223
5.8 5.2 3.2
5.7 4.5 3.4
4208 1596 320 1438
4019 1578 283 1437
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
2430 518 213 816
2327 510 184 793
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
1778 1078 108 621
1692 1068 100 644
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
MARITAL STATUS Single ......................................................................................... Married, spouse present ............................................................ Widowed, divorced, or separated .............................................. RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN White 3 ........................................................................................ Black 3 ........................................................................................ Hispanic origin ........................................................................... FULL– OR PART–TIME STATUS Primary job full-time, secondary job part-time ............................ Primary and secondary jobs both part-time ............................... Primary and secondary jobs both full-time ................................. Hours vary on primary or secondary job ....................................
Both sexes Characteristic
2002
Men Rate 1
Number 2003
2002
2003
2002
Women Rate 1
Number 2003
2002
Rate 1
Number
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
AGE Total, 16 years and over 2 .......................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................................................ 65 years and over ..................................................................
7291 286 740 1551 2016 1808 752 139
7315 280 778 1513 1918 1835 837 154
5.3 4.5 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.8 4.8 3.2
5.3 4.7 5.8 5.0 5.5 5.8 5.0 3.3
3734 114 335 833 1055 927 394 76
3716 107 350 817 998 927 430 87
5.0 3.6 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.6 4.7 3.1
5.1 3.7 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.6 4.9 3.4
3557 171 405 718 961 881 358 63
3599 173 428 696 920 908 407 67
5.6 5.4 6.4 5.2 5.9 5.9 4.9 3.4
5.6 5.7 6.7 5.1 5.7 5.9 5.2 3.3
1980 3998 1313
1978 4067 1270
5.4 5.1 6.1
5.4 5.1 5.8
920 2362 452
907 2398 410
4.6 5.4 5.1
4.6 5.4 4.6
1060 1636 861
1070 1669 860
6.4 4.8 6.7
6.4 4.8 6.6
6270 709 579
6273 645 554
5.5 4.8 3.5
5.5 4.4 3.2
3233 343 347
3190 328 325
5.2 4.9 3.5
5.2 4.8 3.1
3037 366 232
3083 317 229
5.8 4.6 3.4
5.9 4.0 3.3
3937 1590 276 1449
3825 1651 273 1523
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
2235 493 186 801
2164 510 187 831
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
1701 1097 90 647
1661 1141 86 692
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
MARITAL STATUS Single ......................................................................................... Married, spouse present ............................................................ Widowed, divorced, or separated .............................................. RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN White 3 ........................................................................................ Black 3 ........................................................................................ Hispanic origin ........................................................................... FULL– OR PART–TIME STATUS Primary job full-time, secondary job part-time ............................ Primary and secondary jobs both part-time ............................... Primary and secondary jobs both full-time ................................. Hours vary on primary or secondary job ....................................
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White or Black) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. 1Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified group. 2Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race
group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
80
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-21. Multiple Jobholders by Industry of Principal Secondary Job, and Sex, 2001–2003, Annual Averages (Thousands of people.) Industry of secondary job
Total
Men
Women
2001 Nonagricultural industries, wage and salary workers ................................... Mining .................................................................................................................. Construction ........................................................................................................ Manufacturing ...................................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................................. Nondurable goods ........................................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ................................................................................... Wholesale trade .............................................................................................. Retail trade ...................................................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ......................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................................................. Information .......................................................................................................... Financial activities ............................................................................................... Professional and business services .................................................................... Education and health services ............................................................................ Leisure and hospitality ......................................................................................... Other services ...................................................................................................... Other services, except private households ...................................................... Other servces, private households .................................................................. Public administration ............................................................................................
5 187 5 236 204 117 88 1 150 92 1 058 188 8 219 342 867 1 451 1 120 553 487 66 194
2 497 5 188 130 80 49 492 58 434 143 6 136 196 523 535 561 243 233 9 144
2 690 ... 47 75 36 38 657 34 623 46 2 84 146 343 917 559 310 253 57 51
5 066 4 240 174 100 74 1 106 104 1 003 177 10 184 342 874 1 425 1 071 545 473 71 191
2 333 2 197 110 71 40 473 63 410 121 7 117 197 513 500 499 253 249 4 129
2 733 2 43 64 29 35 633 40 593 56 3 67 145 361 925 572 292 225 67 63
5 134 3 141 147 80 67 875 76 799 160 13 144 251 483 1 296 966 439 364 75 217
2 402 2 90 94 55 39 382 57 325 112 10 92 142 270 437 444 181 175 6 146
2 732 1 51 53 25 28 493 19 474 48 4 52 109 213 859 521 258 189 68 71
2002 Nonagricultural industries, wage and salary workers ................................... Mining .................................................................................................................. Construction ........................................................................................................ Manufacturing ...................................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................................. Nondurable goods ........................................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ................................................................................... Wholesale trade .............................................................................................. Retail trade ...................................................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ......................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................................................. Information .......................................................................................................... Financial activities ............................................................................................... Professional and business services .................................................................... Education and health services ............................................................................ Leisure and hospitality ......................................................................................... Other services ...................................................................................................... Other services, except private households ...................................................... Other servces, private households .................................................................. Public administration ............................................................................................
2003 Nonagricultural industries, wage and salary workers ................................... Mining .................................................................................................................. Construction ........................................................................................................ Manufacturing ...................................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................................. Nondurable goods ........................................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ................................................................................... Wholesale trade .............................................................................................. Retail trade ...................................................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ......................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................................................. Information .......................................................................................................... Financial activities ............................................................................................... Professional and business services .................................................................... Education and health services ............................................................................ Leisure and hospitality ......................................................................................... Other services ...................................................................................................... Other services, except private households ...................................................... Other servces, private households .................................................................. Public administration ............................................................................................
. . . = Not available.
81
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-22. Employment and Unemployment in Families by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1997–2003, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Characteristic
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL Total Families ......................................................................................... With employed member(s) ....................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................ With no employed member ...................................................................... As percent of total families .......................................................................
69 714 57 289 82.2 53 226 12 425 17.8
70 218 57 986 82.6 53 945 12 232 17.4
71 250 59 185 83.1 55 123 12 065 16.9
71 680 59 626 83.2 55 683 12 054 16.8
73 306 60 707 82.8 56 519 12 600 17.2
74 169 61 121 82.4 56 742 13 048 17.6
75 301 61 761 82.0 57 229 13 540 18.0
With unemployed member(s) ................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some member(s) employed ................................................................. As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ............................. Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .........................
4 913 7.0 3 445 70.1 3 070 62.5
4 503 6.4 3 177 70.6 2 830 62.8
4 260 6.0 3 091 72.6 2 771 65.0
4 110 5.7 2 973 72.3 2 675 65.1
4 847 6.6 3 494 72.1 3 122 64.4
5 809 7.8 4 126 71.0 3 668 63.1
6 079 8.1 4 285 70.5 3 790 62.3
Total Families ......................................................................................... With employed member(s) ....................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................ With no employed member ...................................................................... As percent of total families .......................................................................
58 514 48 378 82.7 45 069 10 135 17.3
58 930 48 850 82.9 45 567 10 080 17.1
59 661 49 632 83.2 46 333 10 029 16.8
59 918 49 877 83.2 46 639 10 042 16.8
60 921 50 505 83.0 47 060 10 416 17.0
61 494 50 785 82.6 47 193 10 709 17.4
61 995 51 002 82.3 47 356 10 993 17.7
With unemployed member(s) ................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some member(s) employed ................................................................. As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ............................. Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .........................
3 566 6.1 2 632 73.8 2 353 66.0
3 299 5.6 2 463 74.7 2 204 66.8
3 134 5.3 2 374 75.8 2 132 68.0
3 010 5.0 2 276 75.6 2 052 68.2
3 553 5.8 2 661 74.9 2 379 67.0
4 275 7.0 3 164 74.0 2 808 65.7
4 411 7.1 3 245 73.6 2 873 65.1
Total Families ......................................................................................... With employed member(s) ....................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................ With no employed member ...................................................................... As percent of total families .......................................................................
8 308 6 409 77.1 5 810 1 899 22.9
8 317 6 554 78.8 5 953 1 763 21.2
8 498 6 847 80.6 6 249 1 652 19.4
8 600 6 964 81.0 6 401 1 636 19.0
8 674 6 933 80.0 6 373 1 742 20.1
8 845 6 987 79.0 6 390 1 858 21.0
8 869 6 906 77.9 6 270 1 963 22.1
With unemployed member(s) ................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some member(s) employed ................................................................. As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ............................. Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .........................
1 104 13.3 631 57.2 553 50.1
984 11.8 555 56.4 485 49.3
905 10.6 551 60.9 486 53.7
881 10.2 535 60.8 476 54.1
990 11.4 596 60.2 533 53.8
1 162 13.1 689 59.3 611 52.6
1 213 13.7 695 57.3 612 50.5
Total Families ......................................................................................... With employed member(s) ....................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................ With no employed member ...................................................................... As percent of total families .......................................................................
6 779 5 701 84.1 5 285 1 078 15.9
7 025 5 947 84.7 5 545 1 078 15.3
7 403 6 405 86.5 6 017 998 13.5
7 581 6 633 87.5 6 255 947 12.5
8 140 7 100 87.2 6 692 1 040 12.8
8 650 7 485 86.5 6 989 1 165 13.5
9 185 7 907 86.1 7 383 1 277 13.9
With unemployed member(s) ................................................................... As percent of total families ....................................................................... Some member(s) employed ................................................................. As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ............................. Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .........................
789 11.6 532 67.4 473 59.9
744 10.6 522 70.2 467 62.8
715 9.7 518 72.4 467 65.3
679 9.0 493 72.7 446 65.8
809 9.9 592 73.2 537 66.4
965 11.2 686 71.1 615 63.7
1 020 11.1 715 70.1 640 62.7
WHITE 2
BLACK 2
HISPANIC
Note: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder. Estimates for the above race groups (white or black) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Beginning in 2003, families where the householder
selected this race group only; families where the householder selected more than one race group are excluded. Prior to 2003, families where the householder selected more than one race group were included in the group that the householder identified as their main race.
82
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-23. Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1998–2003, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Number
Percent distribution
Characteristic 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
53 689 45 061 10 285 2 843 28 531 3 402 8 628
54 468 45 800 10 533 2 980 28 882 3 404 8 668
54 704 45 967 10 500 2 946 29 128 3 394 8 737
55 749 46 680 10 833 3 257 29 241 3 350 9 068
56 280 46 976 11 174 3 613 28 873 3 317 9 303
57 074 47 535 11 403 3 863 29 077 3 193 9 539
100.0 83.9 19.2 5.3 53.1 6.3 16.1
100.0 84.1 19.3 5.5 53.0 6.2 15.9
100.0 84.0 19.2 5.4 53.2 6.2 16.0
100.0 83.7 19.4 5.8 52.5 6.0 16.3
100.0 83.5 19.9 6.4 51.3 5.9 16.5
100.0 83.3 20.0 6.8 50.9 5.6 16.7
12 447 9 417 5 322 2 582 1 513 3 029
12 625 9 797 5 566 2 663 1 568 2 827
12 775 10 026 5 581 2 806 1 639 2 749
13 037 10 131 5 667 2 778 1 686 2 906
13 215 10 169 5 944 2 559 1 666 3 047
13 450 10 187 5 987 2 539 1 660 3 263
100.0 75.7 42.8 20.7 12.2 24.3
100.0 77.6 44.1 21.1 12.4 22.4
100.0 78.5 43.7 22.0 12.8 21.5
100.0 77.7 43.5 21.3 12.9 22.3
100.0 77.0 45.0 19.4 12.6 23.1
100.0 75.7 44.5 18.9 12.3 24.3
4 083 3 509 1 746 1 283 480 574
4 158 3 588 1 718 1 353 517 569
4 200 3 632 1 761 1 358 514 567
4 521 3 895 1 875 1 450 570 625
4 674 3 976 1 939 1 440 598 698
4 777 4 039 1 954 1 427 658 739
100.0 85.9 42.8 31.4 11.8 14.1
100.0 86.3 41.3 32.5 12.4 13.7
100.0 86.5 41.9 32.3 12.2 13.5
100.0 86.2 41.5 32.1 12.6 13.8
100.0 85.1 41.5 30.8 12.8 14.9
100.0 84.6 40.9 29.9 13.8 15.5
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES Total ........................................................................... Member(s) employed, total ......................................... Husband only .......................................................... Wife only ................................................................. Husband and wife ................................................... Other employment combinations ............................ No member(s) employed ............................................ FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1 Total ........................................................................... Member(s) employed, total ......................................... Householder only .................................................... Householder and other member(s) ......................... Other member(s), not householder ......................... No member(s) employed ............................................ FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1 Total ........................................................................... Member(s) employed, total ......................................... Householder only .................................................... Householder and other member(s) ......................... Other member(s), not householder ......................... No member(s) employed ............................................
Note: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 1No
spouse present.
83
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-24. Unemployment in Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1998–2003, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Number
Percent distribution
Characteristic 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES With Unemployed Member(s),Total ......................... No member employed ................................................. Some member(s) employed ........................................
2 815 471 2 343
2 705 440 2 265
2 584 411 2 174
3 081 531 2 550
3 772 676 3 096
3 857 713 3 144
100.0 16.7 83.2
100.0 16.3 83.7
100.0 15.9 84.1
100.0 17.2 82.8
100.0 17.9 82.1
100.0 18.5 81.5
Husband unemployed ................................................. Wife employed ........................................................ Wife unemployed ........................................................ Husband employed ................................................. Other family member unemployed ..............................
948 594 844 745 1 023
924 589 790 696 991
836 531 789 694 959
1 160 736 918 809 1 003
1 523 993 1 117 969 1 133
1 600 1 023 1 129 991 1 129
33.7 21.1 30.0 26.5 36.3
34.2 21.8 29.2 25.8 36.6
32.3 20.5 30.5 26.8 37.1
37.7 23.9 29.8 26.3 32.6
40.4 26.3 29.6 25.7 30.0
41.5 26.5 29.3 25.7 29.3
1 301 696 605 612 99 689
1 222 613 609 560 110 662
1 194 587 607 522 102 672
1 324 643 681 593 129 731
1 504 787 717 737 147 767
1 612 842 770 791 162 821
100.0 53.5 46.5 47.0 7.6 53.0
100.0 50.2 49.8 45.8 9.0 54.2
100.0 49.1 50.9 43.7 8.5 56.3
100.0 48.6 51.4 44.8 9.7 55.2
100.0 52.3 47.7 49.0 9.8 51.0
100.0 52.2 47.8 49.1 10.0 50.9
388 158 229 186 69 202
333 115 218 154 71 178
331 139 192 173 67 158
442 178 264 234 96 208
533 220 313 303 129 230
610 239 371 340 158 270
100.0 40.7 59.0 47.9 17.8 52.1
100.0 34.6 65.4 46.4 21.4 53.6
100.0 42.0 58.0 52.2 20.4 47.8
100.0 40.3 59.7 52.9 21.7 47.1
100.0 41.3 58.7 56.8 24.2 43.2
100.0 39.2 60.8 55.7 25.9 44.3
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1 With Unemployed Member(s), Total ........................ No member employed ................................................. Some member(s) employed ........................................ Householder unemployed ....................................... Other member(s) employed ................................ Other member(s) unemployed ................................ FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1 With Unemployed Member(s), Total ........................ No member employed ................................................. Some member(s) employed ........................................ Householder unemployed ....................................... Other member(s) employed ................................ Other member(s) unemployed ................................
Note: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 1No
spouse present.
84
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-25. Employment Status of the Population by Sex, Marital Status, and Presence and Age of Own Children Under 18, 1998–2003, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) 1998
1999
2000
Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS, TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
62 912 51 462 81.8 49 480 78.6 42 372 7 108 1 981 3.8
27 489 26 018 94.6 25 333 92.2 24 562 771 686 2.6
35 423 25 443 71.8 24 147 68.2 17 811 6 337 1 296 5.1
63 158 51 778 82.0 50 010 79.2 43 033 6 977 1 768 3.4
27 573 26 092 94.6 25 472 92.4 24 712 761 620 2.4
35 585 25 686 72.2 24 538 69.0 18 321 6 216 1 149 4.5
63 267 51 944 82.1 50 259 79.4 43 365 6 894 1 685 3.2
27 673 26 202 94.7 25 622 92.6 24 922 699 581 2.2
35 595 25 742 72.3 24 637 69.2 18 443 6 195 1 104 4.3
51 061 42 088 82.4 40 914 80.1 35 197 5 718 1 174 2.8
25 325 24 080 95.1 23 506 92.8 22 839 667 573 2.4
25 737 18 009 70.0 17 408 67.6 12 357 5 051 601 3.3
51 302 42 260 82.4 41 193 80.3 35 568 5 625 1 067 2.5
25 462 24 222 95.1 23 688 93.0 23 024 664 534 2.2
25 840 18 038 69.8 17 505 67.7 12 544 4 961 533 3.0
51 415 42 361 82.4 41 357 80.4 35 793 5 564 1 004 2.4
25 540 24 290 95.1 23 816 93.2 23 212 604 474 2.0
25 874 18 072 69.8 17 541 67.8 12 581 4 960 531 2.9
11 851 9 374 79.1 8 565 72.3 7 177 1 391 807 8.6
2 166 1 939 89.5 1 826 84.3 1 724 104 113 5.8
9 686 7 434 76.7 6 739 69.6 5 453 1 286 695 9.3
11 856 9 518 80.3 8 817 74.4 7 465 1 352 702 7.4
2 110 1 870 88.6 1 784 84.6 1 687 97 86 4.6
9 746 7 648 78.5 7 032 72.2 5 777 1 255 616 8.1
11 853 9 583 80.8 8 902 75.1 7 572 1 330 681 7.1
2 132 1 913 89.7 1 806 84.7 1 710 96 107 5.6
9 720 7 670 78.9 7 096 73.0 5 862 1 234 574 7.5
34 329 29 003 84.5 28 046 81.7 24 286 3 760 957 3.3
14 947 13 969 93.5 13 629 91.2 13 238 391 340 2.4
19 383 15 033 77.6 14 417 74.4 11 048 3 369 617 4.1
34 662 29 403 84.8 28 528 82.3 24 807 3 722 875 3.0
15 090 14 092 93.4 13 782 91.3 13 385 397 310 2.2
19 572 15 311 78.2 14 747 75.3 11 422 3 325 564 3.7
34 737 29 576 85.1 28 744 82.7 25 042 3 703 832 2.8
15 165 14 178 93.5 13 877 91.5 13 513 364 302 2.1
19 572 15 398 78.7 14 868 76.0 11 529 3 339 530 3.4
28 583 22 459 78.6 21 434 75.0 18 086 3 348 1 025 4.6
12 543 12 049 96.1 11 703 93.3 11 323 380 346 2.9
16 040 10 410 64.9 9 731 60.7 6 763 2 968 679 6.5
28 496 22 375 78.5 21 482 75.4 18 227 3 255 894 4.0
12 482 12 000 96.1 11 691 93.7 11 327 364 310 2.6
16 014 10 375 64.8 9 791 61.1 6 900 2 891 584 5.6
28 530 22 368 78.4 21 515 75.4 18 323 3 191 853 3.8
12 508 12 024 96.1 11 745 93.9 11 410 335 279 2.3
16 022 10 344 64.6 9 770 61.0 6 914 2 856 574 5.6
140 436 84 735 60.3 80 545 57.4 64 429 16 116 4 190 4.9
69 396 46 464 67.0 43 922 63.3 37 226 6 696 2 542 5.5
71 040 38 271 53.9 36 623 51.6 27 203 9 420 1 648 4.3
143 160 86 424 60.4 82 333 57.5 66 136 16 196 4 091 4.7
70 714 47 255 66.8 44 828 63.4 38 086 6 743 2 426 5.1
72 446 39 169 54.1 37 504 51.8 28 051 9 454 1 665 4.3
145 199 88 014 60.6 84 058 57.9 68 046 16 012 3 956 4.5
71 825 48 140 67.0 45 781 63.7 39 136 6 645 2 359 4.9
73 374 39 874 54.3 38 278 52.2 28 910 9 367 1 596 4.0
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. OTHER MARITAL STATUS 3 Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
Note: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
85
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-25. Employment Status of the Population by Sex, Marital Status, and Presence and Age of Own Children Under 18, 1998–2003, Annual Averages—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) 2001
2002
2003
Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS, TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
64 100 52 489 81.9 50 455 78.7 43 424 7 031 2 034 3.9
28 076 26 551 95.0 25 750 91.7 24 964 787 801 3.0
36 024 25 938 72.0 24 704 68.6 18 460 6 244 1 233 4.8
64 399 52 566 81.6 50 022 77.7 42 884 7 138 2 543 4.8
28 137 26 529 94.3 25 474 90.5 24 644 829 1 056 4.0
36 263 26 036 71.8 24 549 67.7 18 240 6 308 1 488 5.7
64 932 52 727 81.2 50 103 77.2 42 880 7 223 2 624 5.0
28 402 26 739 94.1 25 638 90.3 24 762 876 1 101 4.1
36 530 25 988 71.1 24 466 67.0 18 118 6 347 1 523 5.9
51 981 42 712 82.2 41 431 79.7 35 772 5 659 1 282 3.0
25 796 24 512 95.0 23 849 92.5 23 169 680 662 2.7
26 185 18 201 69.5 17 581 67.1 12 603 4 979 619 3.4
51 947 42 492 81.8 40 867 78.7 35 180 5 687 1 625 3.8
25 781 24 425 94.7 23 533 91.3 22 825 708 893 3.7
26 166 18 067 69.0 17 334 66.2 12 356 4 979 733 4.1
52 476 42 776 81.5 41 128 78.4 35 315 5 813 1 648 3.9
26 049 24 638 94.6 23 712 91.0 22 954 757 926 3.8
26 427 18 138 68.6 17 416 65.9 12 360 5 056 722 4.0
12 119 9 777 80.7 9 024 74.5 7 652 1 372 752 7.7
2 280 2 039 89.4 1 902 83.4 1 795 107 138 6.8
9 839 7 737 78.6 7 123 72.4 5 857 1 265 614 7.9
12 452 10 073 80.9 9 155 73.5 7 704 1 451 918 9.1
2 355 2 103 89.3 1 941 82.4 1 820 122 163 7.8
10 096 7 970 78.9 7 215 71.5 5 885 1 329 755 9.5
12 455 9 950 79.9 8 975 72.1 7 566 1 411 976 9.8
2 354 2 100 89.2 1 926 81.8 1 807 118 175 8.3
10 102 7 850 77.7 7 050 69.8 5 759 1 291 800 10.2
35 523 30 182 85.0 29 174 82.1 25 382 3 792 1 008 3.3
15 486 14 489 93.6 14 096 91.0 13 689 407 393 2.7
20 038 15 693 78.3 15 078 75.2 11 693 3 385 615 3.9
35 829 30 371 84.8 29 122 81.3 25 225 3 898 1 249 4.1
15 580 14 541 93.3 14 023 90.0 13 586 437 518 3.6
20 250 15 830 78.2 15 099 74.6 11 638 3 461 731 4.6
35 943 30 362 84.5 29 040 80.8 25 116 3 925 1 322 4.4
15 653 14 572 93.1 14 008 89.5 13 558 450 564 3.9
20 290 15 790 77.8 15 032 74.1 11 557 3 475 758 4.8
28 577 22 307 78.1 21 280 74.5 18 041 3 239 1 026 4.6
12 590 12 062 95.8 11 654 92.6 11 274 380 408 3.4
15 986 10 245 64.1 9 626 60.2 6 767 2 859 619 6.0
28 570 22 194 77.7 20 900 73.2 17 660 3 240 1 294 5.8
12 557 11 988 95.5 11 450 91.2 11 058 392 538 4.5
16 013 10 206 63.7 9 450 59.0 6 602 2 848 757 7.4
28 988 22 365 77.2 21 063 72.7 17 764 3 299 1 302 5.8
12 749 12 167 95.4 11 630 91.2 11 203 426 538 4.4
16 240 10 198 62.8 9 433 58.1 6 561 2 872 765 7.5
149 643 90 171 60.3 85 421 57.1 69 074 16 347 4 750 5.3
73 857 49 249 66.7 46 371 62.8 39 596 6 776 2 878 5.8
75 786 40 922 54.0 39 050 51.5 29 478 9 572 1 872 4.6
151 715 90 971 60.0 85 187 56.1 68 574 16 614 5 784 6.4
74 993 49 644 66.2 46 154 61.5 39 319 6 834 3 491 7.0
76 722 41 327 53.9 39 034 50.9 29 254 9 779 2 293 5.5
154 714 92 319 59.7 86 233 55.7 69 073 17 160 6 087 6.6
76 510 50 036 65.4 46 294 60.5 39 245 7 049 3 741 7.5
78 204 42 284 54.1 39 939 51.1 29 827 10 111 2 345 5.5
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. OTHER MARITAL STATUS 3 Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate ............................................................................. WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
Note: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
86
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-26. Employment Status of Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years Old by Age of Youngest Child, and Marital Status, 1999–2003, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Year and characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Unemployed
Employed Total
Percent of population
Total
Percent of population
Full-time workers 1
Part-time workers 2
Number
Percent of labor force
1999 Total Mothers With Own Children Under 3 Years ............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 339 2 890 3 283 3 166
5 742 1 888 2 062 1 792
61.5 65.3 62.8 56.6
5 389 1 788 1 934 1 668
57.7 61.9 58.9 52.7
3 692 1 257 1 298 1 137
1 697 530 635 531
353 101 128 124
6.1 5.3 6.2 6.9
Married, Spouse Present With Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 089 2 175 2 522 2 392
4 224 1 356 1 532 1 336
59.6 62.4 60.8 55.8
4 078 1 316 1 477 1 285
57.5 60.5 58.6 53.7
2 744 898 964 882
1 334 419 513 403
147 40 56 51
3.5 2.9 3.6 3.8
Other Marital Status With Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 251 715 761 774
1 517 532 529 456
67.4 74.4 69.5 58.8
1 311 472 457 383
58.3 65.9 60.0 49.5
949 360 334 255
362 112 123 128
206 61 72 73
13.6 11.4 13.7 16.0
Total Mothers With Own Children Under 3 Years ............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 356 2 803 3 300 3 253
5 653 1 807 2 069 1 777
60.4 64.5 62.7 54.6
5 311 1 712 1 939 1 660
56.8 61.1 58.8 51.0
3 614 1 193 1 310 1 112
1 697 519 629 548
342 95 130 117
6.0 5.3 6.3 6.6
Married, Spouse Present With Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 056 2 096 2 499 2 461
4 090 1 276 1 503 1 312
58.0 60.9 60.1 53.3
3 940 1 233 1 448 1 259
55.8 58.9 57.9 51.1
2 613 823 953 837
1 327 411 495 421
150 42 55 53
3.7 3.3 3.6 4.1
Other Marital Status With Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 300 707 801 792
1 563 531 566 465
67.9 75.1 70.7 58.8
1 371 478 491 402
59.6 67.6 61.3 50.7
1 002 370 357 275
370 108 134 127
191 53 75 64
12.2 9.9 13.2 13.7
Total Mothers With Own Children Under 3 Years ............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 352 2 844 3 405 3 103
5 613 1 868 2 050 1 695
60.0 65.7 60.2 54.6
5 227 1 751 1 911 1 565
55.9 61.6 56.1 50.4
3 591 1 218 1 308 1 065
1 636 533 603 500
387 117 140 130
6.9 6.3 6.8 7.7
Married, Spouse Present With Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 079 2 120 2 589 2 370
4 058 1 310 1 479 1 269
57.3 61.8 57.1 53.5
3 884 1 258 1 416 1 210
54.9 59.3 54.7 51.1
2 601 839 940 822
1 282 419 475 388
175 53 63 59
4.3 4.0 4.3 4.6
Other Marital Status With Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 269 723 814 732
1 555 558 571 426
68.5 77.2 70.1 58.2
1 343 493 495 355
59.2 68.2 60.8 48.5
989 379 367 243
352 114 127 111
212 65 76 71
13.6 11.6 13.3 16.7
Total Mothers With Own Children Under 3 Years ............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 350 2 949 3 310 3 091
5 632 1 895 2 003 1 734
60.2 64.3 60.5 56.1
5 181 1 758 1 852 1 571
55.4 59.6 56.0 50.8
3 513 1 234 1 241 1 038
1 667 524 610 533
451 137 151 163
8.0 7.2 7.5 9.4
Married, Spouse Present With Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 073 2 201 2 509 2 363
4 071 1 333 1 446 1 292
57.6 60.6 57.6 54.7
3 869 1 274 1 379 1 216
54.7 57.9 55.0 51.5
2 572 870 902 800
1 297 404 477 416
203 59 67 77
5.0 4.4 4.6 6.0
Other Marital Status With Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 278 748 802 728
1 562 562 557 443
68.6 75.1 69.5 60.9
1 313 484 473 356
57.6 64.7 59.0 48.9
941 364 340 237
372 120 134 118
248 77 84 87
15.9 13.7 15.1 19.6
Total Mothers With Own Children Under 3 Years ............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 450 2 987 3 353 3 110
5 563 1 896 1 997 1 670
58.9 63.5 59.6 53.7
5 115 1 752 1 842 1 521
54.1 58.7 54.9 48.9
3 430 1 205 1 223 1 002
1 685 547 619 519
446 143 154 149
8.0 7.5 7.7 8.9
Married, Spouse Present With Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 165 2 243 2 541 2 381
4 068 1 350 1 458 1 260
56.8 60.2 57.4 52.9
3 872 1 281 1 395 1 196
54.0 57.1 54.9 50.2
2 529 853 906 770
1 342 428 488 426
197 69 64 64
4.8 5.1 4.4 5.1
Other Marital Status With Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 287 744 813 730
1 495 546 539 410
65.4 73.4 66.3 56.2
1 244 471 448 325
54.4 63.3 55.1 44.5
902 352 317 233
341 118 131 92
250 75 91 84
16.7 13.7 16.9 20.5
2000
2001
2002
2003
Note: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
87
UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment Rates by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1995–2003 14.0
12.0
10.0 Total White men White women Black men Black women Hispanic men Hispanic women
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0 1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
The unemployment rate for all persons 16 and over rose in 2003, but at a slower rate than the previous year. The unemployment rate for Black men increased the most and was more than twice that for White men (11.6 percent compared with 5.6 percent). The unemployment rate for White women declined fractionally, only 0.1 percent, while it stayed the same for Hispanic men. The rates for Black women and Hispanic women both increased at a rate of 0.4 percent. (Hispanics may be Black or White) (Table 1-29)
OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The unemployment rate also masks sharp differences in the rates for different age groups. The unemployment
• • • •
rate for the 16–19 age group always has been much higher than the average and was 17.5 percent in 2003. The overall unemployment rate was 6.0 percent. The unemployment rate for 20–24 year olds was substantially lower than the unemployment rate for 16–19 years olds but was still much higher than average at 10 percent. (Table 1-29) The unemployment rate for women was lower than for men at all age groups. However, for the 35–44 age group, the unemployment rates were extremely close, 5.0 percent for the men and 4.9 percent for the women. (Table 1-29) The actual number of unemployed also increased in 2003. However the increase was less than 400,000 compared with the 1.5 million increase from 2001 to 2002. (Table 1-1) Thirteen states and the District of Columbia had unemployment rates more than .2 points above the national average. As in 2002, Alaska, Oregon, and Washington were the highest, exceeding 7 percent. Michigan was added to the high unemployment list rising from 6.2 to 7.3 from 2002 to 2003. (Table 1-5) The average duration of unemployment increased from 16.6 to 19.2 weeks. Of the total unemployed, 22 percent had been without work for 27 weeks or longer in 2003. (Table 1-36)
88
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-27. Unemployment Rate According to Selected Characteristics, 1948–2003 (Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.) Population 25 years and over All civilian workers
Men 20 years and over
Women 20 Both sexes years and 16 to 19 over years
1948 .................................................. 1949 ..................................................
3.8 5.9
3.2 5.4
3.6 5.3
9.2 13.4
... ...
... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 5.5
4.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 4.9
5.1 4.0 3.2 2.9 5.5
12.2 8.2 8.5 7.6 12.6
... ... ... ... 5.0
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.4 4.1 4.3 6.8 5.5
3.8 3.4 3.6 6.2 4.7
4.4 4.2 4.1 6.1 5.2
11.0 11.1 11.6 15.9 14.6
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.5 6.7 5.5 5.7 5.2
4.7 5.7 4.6 4.5 3.9
5.1 6.3 5.4 5.4 5.2
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5
3.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.6
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Less than high school diploma
High school graduate, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3.9 3.6 3.8 6.1 4.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
14.7 16.8 14.7 17.2 16.2
5.0 6.0 4.9 5.0 4.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
4.5 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.7
14.8 12.8 12.9 12.7 12.2
4.1 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3.5 4.4 4.0 3.3 3.8
4.8 5.7 5.4 4.9 5.5
15.3 16.9 16.2 14.5 16.0
4.5 5.4 5.1 4.3 5.0
... ... 10.4 9.4 10.5
... ... ... 7.5 8.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8
6.8 5.9 5.2 4.3 4.2
8.0 7.4 7.0 6.0 5.7
19.9 19.0 17.8 16.4 16.1
7.8 7.0 6.2 5.2 5.1
14.8 14.0 14.0 12.8 12.3
12.2 11.5 10.1 9.1 8.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
5.9 6.3 8.8 8.9 6.6
6.4 6.8 8.3 8.1 6.8
17.8 19.6 23.2 22.4 18.9
6.3 6.7 8.6 8.4 6.5
14.3 15.6 18.9 19.5 15.9
10.1 10.4 13.8 13.7 10.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
6.2 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.5
6.6 6.2 5.4 4.9 4.7
18.6 18.3 16.9 15.3 15.0
6.2 6.0 5.3 4.7 4.5
15.1 14.5 13.0 11.7 11.4
10.5 10.6 8.8 8.2 8.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.6 6.8 7.5 6.9 6.1
5.0 6.4 7.1 6.4 5.4
4.9 5.7 6.3 5.9 5.4
15.5 18.7 20.1 19.0 17.6
4.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 5.3
11.4 12.5 14.2 13.0 11.5
8.2 10.0 11.6 10.8 9.9
... ... 11.5 10.8 9.8
... ... 6.8 6.3 5.4
... ... 5.6 5.2 4.5
... ... 3.2 2.9 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
4.8 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.5
4.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.8
17.3 16.7 16.0 14.6 13.9
4.9 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.7
10.4 10.5 10.0 8.9 8.0
9.3 8.9 7.7 7.2 6.4
9.0 8.7 8.1 7.1 6.7
4.8 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.5
4.0 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.8
2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0
3.3 4.2 5.3 5.6
3.6 4.1 5.1 5.1
13.1 14.7 16.5 17.5
3.5 4.2 5.1 5.2
7.6 8.6 10.2 10.8
5.7 6.6 7.5 7.7
6.3 7.2 8.4 8.8
3.4 4.2 5.3 5.5
2.7 3.3 4.5 4.8
1.7 2.3 2.9 3.1
Year
White
Black
Hispanic
Note: Data for the Other races group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the White and Black population groups. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
89
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
TOTAL 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
2 276 3 637
409 576
180 238
228 337
1 869 3 060
455 680
457 776
347 603
290 471
226 384
93 146
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 288 2 055 1 883 1 834 3 532
513 336 345 307 501
226 168 180 150 221
287 168 165 157 247
2 776 1 718 1 539 1 529 3 032
561 273 268 256 504
702 435 389 379 793
530 354 325 325 680
478 318 274 280 548
368 238 195 218 374
137 103 86 70 132
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 852 2 750 2 859 4 602 3 740
450 478 497 678 654
211 231 230 299 301
239 247 266 379 354
2 403 2 274 2 362 3 923 3 085
396 395 430 701 543
577 554 573 993 726
521 476 499 871 673
436 429 448 731 603
355 311 300 472 405
120 109 111 154 135
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 852 4 714 3 911 4 070 3 786
712 828 721 884 872
325 363 312 420 436
387 465 409 462 437
3 140 3 886 3 191 3 187 2 913
583 723 636 658 660
752 890 712 732 607
671 850 688 674 605
614 751 605 589 543
396 516 411 410 378
122 159 141 126 117
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 366 2 875 2 975 2 817 2 832
874 837 839 838 853
411 395 400 414 436
463 441 438 426 416
2 491 2 041 2 140 1 978 1 978
557 446 511 543 560
529 441 480 443 453
546 426 422 371 358
436 369 383 314 320
322 265 256 219 216
103 92 86 88 72
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
1 106 1 262 1 308 1 235 1 422
537 596 633 634 699
569 665 676 600 722
2 987 3 755 3 573 3 130 3 733
866 1 130 1 132 1 008 1 212
718 933 878 866 1 044
515 630 576 451 559
476 573 510 430 498
309 381 368 290 321
104 109 111 88 99
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
1 767 1 719 1 663 1 583 1 555
799 796 781 796 739
968 924 881 787 816
6 161 5 687 5 330 4 620 4 583
1 865 1 714 1 629 1 483 1 442
1 776 1 710 1 650 1 422 1 446
951 849 785 694 705
893 758 666 552 540
520 510 450 345 346
155 147 147 123 104
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
1 669 1 763 1 977 1 829 1 499
778 781 831 753 646
890 981 1 145 1 076 854
5 969 6 510 8 701 8 888 7 039
1 835 1 976 2 392 2 330 1 838
2 024 2 211 3 037 3 078 2 374
940 1 065 1 552 1 650 1 335
676 715 966 1 039 828
399 444 647 677 566
94 98 107 114 97
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
1 468 1 454 1 347 1 226 1 194
662 665 648 573 537
806 789 700 653 657
6 844 6 783 6 077 5 475 5 333
1 738 1 651 1 453 1 261 1 218
2 341 2 390 2 129 1 929 1 851
1 340 1 371 1 281 1 166 1 159
813 790 723 657 637
518 489 412 375 379
93 91 78 87 91
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
1 212 1 359 1 427 1 365 1 320
527 587 641 606 624
685 772 787 759 696
5 835 7 269 8 186 7 575 6 676
1 299 1 573 1 649 1 514 1 373
1 995 2 447 2 702 2 395 2 067
1 328 1 719 1 976 1 896 1 627
723 946 1 138 1 121 971
386 473 589 541 485
105 113 132 108 153
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
1 346 1 306 1 271 1 205 1 162
652 617 589 573 544
695 689 683 632 618
6 058 5 929 5 467 5 005 4 718
1 244 1 239 1 152 1 081 1 042
1 841 1 757 1 571 1 419 1 278
1 549 1 505 1 418 1 258 1 154
844 883 830 782 753
425 406 369 343 367
153 139 127 122 124
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774
1 081 1 162 1 253 1 251
502 531 540 545
579 632 714 706
4 611 5 638 7 124 7 523
1 022 1 209 1 430 1 495
1 207 1 498 1 890 1 960
1 133 1 355 1 691 1 815
762 989 1 315 1 356
355 458 635 713
132 129 163 183
90
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
MEN 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1 559 2 572
256 353
113 145
142 207
1 305 2 219
324 485
289 539
233 414
201 347
177 310
81 125
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 239 1 221 1 185 1 202 2 344
318 191 205 184 310
139 102 116 94 142
179 89 89 90 168
1 922 1 029 980 1 019 2 035
377 155 155 152 327
467 241 233 236 517
348 192 192 208 431
327 193 182 196 372
286 162 145 167 275
117 87 73 60 112
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 854 1 711 1 841 3 098 2 420
274 269 300 416 398
134 134 140 185 191
140 135 159 231 207
1 580 1 442 1 541 2 681 2 022
248 240 283 478 343
353 348 349 685 484
328 278 304 552 407
285 270 302 492 390
265 216 220 349 287
102 90 83 124 112
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 486 2 997 2 423 2 472 2 205
426 479 408 501 487
200 221 188 248 257
225 258 220 252 230
2 060 2 518 2 016 1 971 1 718
369 458 381 396 384
492 585 445 445 345
415 507 404 386 324
392 473 382 358 319
294 375 300 290 263
96 122 103 97 85
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 914 1 551 1 508 1 419 1 403
479 432 448 426 440
247 220 241 234 244
232 212 207 193 196
1 435 1 120 1 060 993 963
311 221 235 258 270
292 239 219 205 205
283 219 185 171 155
253 196 199 165 157
221 179 163 132 127
75 65 60 61 48
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 238 2 789 2 659 2 275 2 714
599 693 711 653 757
306 346 357 352 394
294 347 355 300 362
1 638 2 097 1 948 1 624 1 957
479 640 628 528 649
391 513 466 439 546
253 320 284 211 266
247 313 272 219 250
198 239 227 171 183
71 71 73 57 63
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 442 4 036 3 667 3 142 3 120
966 939 874 813 811
445 443 421 426 393
521 496 453 388 418
3 476 3 098 2 794 2 328 2 308
1 081 951 877 768 744
986 914 869 691 699
507 431 373 314 329
499 411 326 277 272
302 296 252 198 196
103 94 97 81 67
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 267 4 577 6 179 6 260 4 744
913 962 1 090 1 003 812
429 431 469 408 348
485 531 621 595 464
3 353 3 615 5 089 5 257 3 932
1 076 1 144 1 407 1 369 1 023
1 137 1 213 1 791 1 822 1 322
482 552 879 947 728
357 390 550 613 450
243 261 393 433 356
58 55 69 73 53
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 521 4 530 4 101 3 655 3 525
806 779 732 667 658
363 355 353 311 303
443 424 379 356 355
3 715 3 751 3 369 2 987 2 867
944 899 779 676 660
1 244 1 291 1 169 1 040 953
706 763 689 617 619
459 440 426 366 351
307 301 258 240 234
55 58 49 49 49
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 906 4 946 5 523 5 055 4 367
667 751 806 768 740
283 317 357 342 342
384 433 449 426 398
3 239 4 195 4 717 4 287 3 627
715 911 951 865 768
1 092 1 375 1 529 1 338 1 113
711 990 1 118 1 049 855
413 550 675 636 522
249 305 378 336 281
59 64 67 64 88
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 983 3 880 3 577 3 266 3 066
744 733 694 686 633
352 347 321 330 295
391 387 373 355 338
3 239 3 146 2 882 2 580 2 433
673 675 636 583 562
961 903 772 699 624
815 786 732 609 571
464 484 457 420 403
233 223 217 201 203
94 76 69 69 70
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 975 3 690 4 597 4 906
599 650 700 697
281 300 301 291
317 350 399 407
2 376 3 040 3 896 4 209
547 688 792 841
602 756 1 023 1 097
557 714 897 988
398 536 725 764
189 272 373 412
83 74 87 107
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
91
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WOMEN 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
717 1 065
153 223
67 93
86 130
564 841
131 195
168 237
114 189
89 124
49 74
12 21
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 049 834 698 632 1 188
195 145 140 123 191
87 66 64 56 79
108 79 76 67 79
854 689 559 510 997
184 118 113 104 177
235 194 156 143 276
182 162 133 117 249
151 125 92 84 176
82 76 50 51 99
20 16 13 10 20
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
998 1 039 1 018 1 504 1 320
176 209 197 262 256
77 97 90 114 110
99 112 107 148 147
823 832 821 1 242 1 063
148 155 147 223 200
224 206 224 308 242
193 198 195 319 266
151 159 146 239 213
90 95 80 123 118
18 19 28 30 23
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 366 1 717 1 488 1 598 1 581
286 349 313 383 385
125 142 124 172 179
162 207 189 210 207
1 080 1 368 1 175 1 216 1 195
214 265 255 262 276
260 305 267 287 262
256 343 284 288 281
222 278 223 231 224
102 141 111 120 115
26 37 38 29 32
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 452 1 324 1 468 1 397 1 429
395 405 391 412 413
164 175 159 180 192
231 229 231 233 220
1 056 921 1 078 985 1 015
246 225 277 285 290
237 202 261 238 248
263 207 237 200 203
183 173 184 149 163
101 86 93 87 89
28 27 26 27 24
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 855 2 227 2 222 2 089 2 441
506 568 598 583 665
231 250 276 282 305
275 318 322 301 360
1 349 1 658 1 625 1 507 1 777
387 489 503 480 564
327 420 413 427 497
262 310 293 240 294
229 260 237 212 248
111 142 141 119 137
33 38 38 31 36
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 486 3 369 3 324 3 061 3 018
802 780 789 769 743
355 352 361 370 346
447 429 428 399 396
2 684 2 588 2 535 2 292 2 276
783 763 752 714 697
791 795 782 731 748
444 417 412 381 375
395 346 340 275 268
219 214 198 148 150
52 53 50 43 38
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 370 3 696 4 499 4 457 3 794
755 800 886 825 687
349 350 362 344 298
407 450 524 481 390
2 615 2 895 3 613 3 632 3 107
760 833 985 961 815
886 998 1 246 1 255 1 052
459 513 673 703 607
318 325 416 427 378
155 184 254 244 211
36 43 38 41 45
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 791 3 707 3 324 3 046 3 003
661 675 616 558 536
298 310 295 262 234
363 365 321 297 302
3 129 3 032 2 709 2 487 2 467
794 752 674 585 558
1 098 1 099 960 889 897
634 609 592 550 540
355 350 298 291 286
211 189 155 136 144
39 33 30 38 41
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 140 3 683 4 090 3 885 3 629
544 608 621 597 580
243 270 283 264 282
301 338 338 333 298
2 596 3 074 3 469 3 288 3 049
584 662 698 648 605
902 1 071 1 173 1 058 954
617 728 858 847 772
310 396 463 485 449
137 168 210 205 204
46 49 66 45 66
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 421 3 356 3 162 2 944 2 814
602 573 577 519 529
299 270 268 242 249
303 303 310 277 280
2 819 2 783 2 585 2 424 2 285
571 564 516 498 480
880 854 800 720 654
735 720 686 650 584
381 399 373 362 350
193 183 152 141 163
60 63 58 53 54
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 717 3 111 3 781 3 868
483 512 553 554
221 230 238 255
262 282 315 299
2 235 2 599 3 228 3 314
475 521 638 654
604 742 866 863
577 641 795 827
364 453 591 592
165 187 263 302
50 55 76 76
92
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE1 1954 ......................................................
2 859
423
191
232
2 436
394
610
540
447
329
115
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 252 2 159 2 289 3 680 2 946
373 382 401 541 525
181 191 195 245 255
191 191 204 297 270
1 879 1 777 1 888 3 139 2 421
304 297 331 541 406
412 406 425 756 526
402 363 401 686 525
358 355 373 614 496
300 258 262 405 348
105 98 98 136 120
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 065 3 743 3 052 3 208 2 999
575 669 580 708 708
273 295 262 350 365
302 374 318 358 342
2 490 3 074 2 472 2 500 2 291
456 566 488 501 508
573 668 515 540 441
520 652 522 518 472
502 611 485 485 447
330 438 345 349 323
109 139 117 107 100
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 691 2 255 2 338 2 226 2 260
705 651 635 644 660
329 315 311 326 351
374 336 325 318 309
1 986 1 604 1 703 1 582 1 601
437 338 393 422 432
399 323 360 330 354
427 336 336 297 294
358 298 321 269 269
276 227 221 187 185
91 80 75 80 66
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 339 4 085 3 906 3 442 4 097
871 1 011 1 021 955 1 104
438 491 515 513 561
432 521 506 443 544
2 468 3 074 2 885 2 486 2 993
679 887 887 758 925
570 732 679 664 821
433 517 459 358 448
415 500 439 371 427
275 338 324 257 283
95 100 95 77 88
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 421 5 914 5 441 4 698 4 664
1 413 1 364 1 284 1 189 1 193
657 649 636 631 589
755 715 648 558 603
5 007 4 550 4 157 3 509 3 472
1 474 1 326 1 195 1 059 1 038
1 413 1 329 1 255 1 059 1 068
774 682 621 543 545
753 637 569 453 443
460 448 388 290 290
136 128 129 104 87
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 884 6 343 8 241 8 128 6 372
1 291 1 374 1 534 1 387 1 116
625 629 683 609 510
666 745 851 778 605
4 593 4 968 6 707 6 741 5 256
1 364 1 449 1 770 1 678 1 282
1 528 1 658 2 283 2 282 1 723
740 827 1 223 1 294 1 036
550 578 796 837 660
335 379 549 563 475
74 77 86 88 81
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 191 6 140 5 501 4 944 4 770
1 074 1 070 995 910 863
507 509 495 437 407
567 561 500 473 456
5 117 5 070 4 506 4 033 3 908
1 235 1 149 1 017 874 856
1 695 1 751 1 527 1 371 1 297
1 039 1 056 984 890 871
642 629 576 520 503
432 407 333 309 311
75 78 68 69 70
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 186 6 560 7 169 6 655 5 892
903 1 029 1 037 992 960
401 461 484 468 471
502 568 553 523 489
4 283 5 532 6 132 5 663 4 933
899 1 132 1 156 1 057 952
1 401 1 805 1 967 1 754 1 479
983 1 330 1 483 1 411 1 184
582 759 915 907 779
330 410 495 442 407
88 96 116 92 132
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 459 5 300 4 836 4 484 4 273
952 939 912 876 844
476 456 438 424 414
476 484 475 451 430
4 507 4 361 3 924 3 608 3 429
866 854 765 731 720
1 311 1 223 1 068 978 865
1 161 1 117 1 035 901 843
676 709 648 620 595
362 336 302 276 303
131 122 106 101 104
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 121 4 969 6 137 6 311
795 845 925 909
386 402 407 414
409 443 518 495
3 326 4 124 5 212 5 401
682 829 977 1 012
835 1 062 1 340 1 354
817 985 1 237 1 287
591 761 1 004 1 025
294 378 518 569
107 109 137 155
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
93
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
906 846 965
279 262 297
113 114 127
167 148 170
627 584 666
226 231 261
183 181 201
106 82 95
62 53 65
37 29 33
12 9 10
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 369 1 334 1 393 1 330 1 319
330 330 354 360 333
130 134 135 150 137
200 195 218 210 197
1 040 1 005 1 040 972 986
362 350 397 379 369
321 338 355 320 335
157 145 140 127 137
126 101 81 82 82
54 54 51 47 48
17 16 16 17 15
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 553 1 731 2 142 2 272 1 914
343 357 396 392 353
134 138 130 125 122
210 219 266 267 230
1 209 1 374 1 747 1 879 1 561
426 483 565 591 504
433 493 662 700 577
171 207 278 299 253
109 119 141 174 138
53 55 84 95 75
18 17 17 21 15
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 864 1 840 1 684 1 547 1 544
357 347 312 288 300
135 138 134 121 116
221 209 178 167 184
1 507 1 493 1 373 1 259 1 245
455 453 397 349 322
562 564 533 502 494
254 269 247 230 246
143 127 124 111 109
74 69 62 51 53
18 10 10 15 20
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 565 1 723 2 011 1 844 1 666
268 280 324 313 300
112 105 127 112 127
156 175 197 201 173
1 297 1 443 1 687 1 530 1 366
349 378 421 387 351
505 539 610 532 468
278 318 402 376 346
106 151 178 153 130
44 44 64 72 55
14 13 13 11 16
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 538 1 592 1 560 1 426 1 309
325 310 302 281 268
143 133 123 124 109
182 177 179 156 159
1 213 1 282 1 258 1 146 1 041
311 327 327 301 273
423 454 426 366 339
303 313 307 294 249
116 127 136 125 121
42 48 45 45 46
18 13 16 16 14
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 241 1 416 1 693 1 787
230 260 260 255
96 102 103 93
134 158 156 162
1 011 1 155 1 433 1 532
281 307 365 375
289 340 407 442
254 283 349 385
131 159 215 217
38 52 76 93
20 15 21 20
1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
277 325
80 88
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
508 485 456 452 434
123 106 113 110 106
... 51 50 63 54
... 55 60 47 51
... 385 344 342 329
... 116 98 98 100
... 113 114 116 102
... 72 56 65 65
... 53 48 41 37
... 26 24 16 20
... 6 5 5 4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
620 678 929 961 800
145 144 175 167 149
66 60 73 64 60
79 84 102 104 88
474 533 754 793 651
138 171 221 214 164
168 178 267 270 235
90 92 140 156 124
49 57 75 93 71
24 31 45 54 51
5 5 6 5 5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
811 857 751 732 750
141 141 136 148 132
55 57 57 63 59
85 84 79 84 73
670 716 615 585 618
171 183 152 145 158
256 258 222 209 218
123 143 128 120 124
73 85 75 69 76
41 38 33 36 36
7 9 5 6 6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
876 1 092 1 311 1 248 1 187
161 179 219 201 198
68 79 94 86 90
94 99 124 115 108
714 913 1 093 1 047 989
167 214 240 237 220
263 332 390 354 348
156 206 267 261 227
85 110 126 132 132
36 44 59 54 51
7 8 10 10 12
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 140 1 132 1 069 1 026 945
205 199 197 214 196
96 85 87 89 79
109 114 110 125 117
934 933 872 812 750
209 217 206 194 171
325 296 269 260 233
224 246 229 203 190
106 101 99 96 104
54 59 56 48 42
16 14 13 11 10
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
954 1 138 1 353 1 441
194 208 221 192
83 84 81 79
112 123 140 113
759 931 1 132 1 249
190 212 265 273
247 315 373 419
189 228 271 294
79 111 146 183
42 56 62 69
12 9 15 10
HISPANIC
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
94
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE MEN1 1954 ......................................................
1 913
266
125
142
1 647
260
408
341
299
241
98
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 478 1 366 1 477 2 489 1 903
232 221 243 333 318
114 112 118 149 162
117 108 124 184 156
1 246 1 145 1 234 2 156 1 585
196 186 222 382 256
260 265 257 525 350
246 212 239 436 316
233 225 250 404 320
223 177 193 299 245
89 81 73 110 98
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 988 2 398 1 915 1 976 1 779
341 384 334 407 400
167 176 158 211 217
174 208 176 196 183
1 647 2 014 1 581 1 569 1 379
295 370 300 309 310
376 442 332 342 262
330 395 311 297 255
317 382 308 294 266
243 318 246 246 216
86 107 84 80 70
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 556 1 241 1 208 1 142 1 137
387 340 342 328 343
200 178 186 185 198
186 162 156 143 145
1 169 901 866 814 794
254 172 185 206 214
226 185 171 162 165
228 173 153 140 130
206 160 167 142 134
190 154 140 111 108
67 57 52 55 43
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 857 2 309 2 173 1 836 2 169
485 562 564 513 584
255 288 288 284 311
230 275 276 229 274
1 372 1 747 1 610 1 323 1 585
388 513 506 411 505
316 418 375 353 434
212 268 231 166 218
216 272 237 188 213
177 211 199 153 161
64 66 60 51 53
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 627 3 258 2 883 2 411 2 405
785 754 672 615 633
369 368 342 338 319
416 385 330 277 313
2 841 2 504 2 211 1 797 1 773
871 750 660 558 553
796 730 682 525 526
412 346 297 250 253
411 341 276 227 220
265 259 213 169 165
86 78 82 68 56
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 345 3 580 4 846 4 859 3 600
716 755 854 761 608
347 349 387 328 280
369 406 467 433 328
2 629 2 825 3 991 4 098 2 992
827 869 1 066 1 019 722
884 943 1 385 1 410 991
378 433 696 755 572
291 317 460 497 363
206 221 331 362 302
44 42 53 54 42
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 426 3 433 3 132 2 766 2 636
592 576 548 499 487
282 276 272 239 230
310 299 276 260 257
2 834 2 857 2 584 2 268 2 149
694 645 568 480 476
931 978 879 777 694
553 586 536 477 470
356 349 350 293 280
257 248 209 200 191
43 51 43 40 38
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 935 3 859 4 209 3 828 3 275
504 575 590 565 540
214 249 270 261 259
290 327 319 305 280
2 431 3 284 3 620 3 263 2 735
510 677 686 619 555
796 1 064 1 155 1 015 827
530 780 858 793 626
330 438 543 512 417
214 269 318 270 236
51 55 58 53 74
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 999 2 896 2 641 2 431 2 274
535 532 502 510 461
260 260 234 254 223
275 273 268 257 237
2 465 2 363 2 140 1 920 1 813
483 478 439 405 398
711 655 553 512 441
621 592 549 441 419
371 383 358 342 322
200 188 182 164 172
79 67 58 58 61
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 177 2 754 3 459 3 643
446 479 516 518
217 232 228 221
229 247 288 298
1 731 2 275 2 943 3 125
368 494 562 589
428 547 772 798
403 529 672 723
302 413 554 591
162 229 305 333
68 64 77 91
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
95
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE WOMEN1 1954 ......................................................
946
157
66
90
789
134
202
199
148
88
17
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
774 793 812 1 191 1 043
141 161 158 208 207
67 79 77 96 93
74 83 80 113 114
633 632 654 983 836
108 111 109 159 150
152 141 168 231 176
156 151 162 250 209
125 130 123 210 176
77 81 69 106 103
16 17 25 26 22
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 077 1 345 1 137 1 232 1 220
234 285 246 301 308
106 119 104 139 148
128 166 142 162 159
843 1 060 891 931 912
161 196 188 192 198
197 226 183 198 179
190 257 211 221 217
185 229 177 191 181
87 120 99 103 107
23 32 33 27 30
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 135 1 014 1 130 1 084 1 123
318 311 293 316 317
129 137 125 141 153
188 174 169 175 164
817 703 837 768 806
183 166 209 216 218
173 138 189 168 189
199 163 183 157 164
152 138 154 127 135
86 73 81 76 77
24 23 23 25 23
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 482 1 777 1 733 1 606 1 927
386 449 457 442 519
183 203 227 228 250
202 246 230 214 270
1 096 1 328 1 275 1 164 1 408
291 376 381 347 420
254 314 304 311 387
221 249 227 192 230
199 228 202 183 214
98 126 125 104 122
31 34 35 26 35
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 794 2 656 2 558 2 287 2 260
628 611 612 574 560
288 280 294 292 270
340 330 318 281 290
2 166 2 045 1 946 1 713 1 699
602 577 536 500 485
617 598 573 533 542
362 336 323 294 293
342 296 293 226 223
195 188 175 122 125
49 49 47 37 32
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 540 2 762 3 395 3 270 2 772
576 620 680 626 508
278 281 296 282 231
298 339 384 345 277
1 964 2 143 2 715 2 643 2 264
537 580 704 659 559
645 715 898 872 731
362 394 527 539 464
259 261 337 340 297
129 158 217 201 173
31 36 33 33 39
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 765 2 708 2 369 2 177 2 135
482 495 447 412 376
225 233 223 198 177
257 262 224 214 199
2 283 2 213 1 922 1 766 1 758
541 504 449 393 380
763 773 648 594 603
486 470 448 413 401
286 281 227 227 223
175 159 124 110 120
32 27 25 30 32
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 251 2 701 2 959 2 827 2 617
399 453 447 426 420
187 212 214 208 211
212 241 233 219 208
1 852 2 248 2 512 2 400 2 197
389 455 469 438 397
605 741 811 739 652
453 550 625 618 558
251 320 372 395 361
116 141 177 172 170
37 41 58 39 58
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 460 2 404 2 195 2 053 1 999
418 407 411 365 383
216 196 204 171 190
201 211 207 195 193
2 042 1 998 1 784 1 688 1 616
384 376 326 327 322
600 568 515 467 423
540 525 486 460 423
306 326 290 279 273
162 148 119 112 131
52 55 49 43 43
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 944 2 215 2 678 2 668
349 366 409 391
168 170 179 194
180 196 230 197
1 595 1 849 2 269 2 276
314 335 415 423
407 515 567 555
414 456 565 564
289 348 449 434
133 150 213 235
39 45 60 64
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
96
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK MEN1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
448 395 494
143 128 159
66 62 75
77 66 82
305 267 336
113 108 129
84 75 103
45 37 41
31 27 35
23 16 19
9 5 8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
741 698 698 641 636
170 170 187 180 164
71 69 73 80 68
100 103 114 101 97
571 528 512 462 473
195 185 197 185 174
169 166 170 148 152
83 73 63 53 66
78 60 40 40 44
33 32 31 24 27
13 13 12 11 10
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
815 891 1 167 1 213 1 003
179 188 213 211 188
72 73 72 70 62
108 115 141 142 126
636 703 954 1 002 815
222 248 304 313 272
222 245 355 358 289
88 102 154 162 132
60 65 74 96 67
32 32 54 59 45
12 10 12 14 9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
951 946 826 771 773
193 180 160 154 153
69 68 70 64 65
124 112 90 90 88
757 765 666 617 619
224 225 186 177 162
268 273 253 233 226
127 148 122 111 129
85 70 61 58 59
43 44 39 30 33
11 5 6 8 10
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
806 890 1 067 971 848
142 145 180 170 167
62 54 71 66 69
80 91 109 104 97
664 745 886 801 682
177 201 221 201 173
247 252 301 260 218
146 172 208 201 180
62 87 107 87 72
27 25 42 46 29
6 7 6 7 10
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
762 808 747 671 626
168 169 162 147 145
73 73 70 61 60
95 96 92 86 85
593 639 585 524 480
153 163 165 151 135
195 210 178 148 143
150 158 141 133 114
63 75 72 60 60
21 26 22 24 22
11 7 7 8 7
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
620 709 835 891
121 136 140 132
52 51 54 49
70 85 85 83
499 573 695 760
145 150 181 192
134 159 180 212
121 142 165 189
72 84 120 109
17 31 40 47
9 7 9 10
1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
458 451 470
136 134 139
47 51 51
90 82 87
322 317 331
113 123 132
99 105 98
61 45 55
31 26 30
14 13 14
3 4 2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
629 637 695 690 683
160 160 167 179 169
60 66 63 70 69
100 93 104 110 100
469 477 528 510 513
167 165 200 194 195
153 172 185 173 183
75 73 77 74 71
48 41 41 41 38
22 23 21 23 21
4 3 4 6 5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
738 840 975 1 059 911
164 169 182 181 165
62 65 58 56 60
102 104 124 125 104
574 671 793 878 747
204 235 261 278 231
211 248 307 342 288
83 105 123 137 121
49 54 67 77 71
21 23 29 36 30
6 7 5 7 5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
913 894 858 776 772
164 167 152 134 147
66 70 64 57 51
98 97 88 78 96
750 728 706 642 625
231 228 211 172 160
295 291 280 269 267
127 121 125 118 118
58 57 63 53 50
31 25 23 22 21
7 5 4 7 9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
758 833 944 872 818
126 135 144 143 133
49 51 56 46 57
76 84 88 97 76
633 698 800 729 685
172 177 200 186 178
258 288 308 272 249
132 145 194 175 166
44 64 71 66 59
17 19 22 26 26
8 6 6 5 6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
777 784 813 756 684
157 141 140 134 123
... 60 53 63 49
87 80 87 71 74
620 643 673 622 561
158 164 163 150 138
228 244 248 218 196
153 155 166 160 135
53 52 64 65 61
20 21 24 21 25
... 7 9 8 7
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
621 706 858 895
109 124 120 123
44 52 49 44
65 72 71 79
512 582 738 772
136 157 183 183
154 181 228 230
132 141 185 195
59 75 95 109
22 21 35 46
10 8 12 10
BLACK WOMEN1
1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group
were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
97
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
HISPANIC MEN 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
158 187
... ...
... ...
... ...
114 139
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
296 278 253 234 223
... 60 60 59 55
... 30 27 35 29
... 31 33 24 27
225 217 195 175 168
... 69 57 51 52
... 63 65 59 50
... 38 28 30 33
... 29 22 20 19
... 16 15 10 11
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
370 408 565 591 480
86 87 104 100 87
39 40 45 38 36
47 47 59 62 51
284 321 461 491 393
85 105 138 134 103
96 113 169 168 142
51 49 80 92 69
31 31 40 57 41
16 19 29 36 33
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
483 520 451 437 423
82 82 77 86 81
34 33 32 36 36
49 50 45 50 45
401 438 374 351 342
108 115 88 83 88
156 159 137 128 113
69 86 77 70 69
40 46 46 42 43
23 26 22 24 25
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
524 685 807 747 680
100 110 132 118 121
40 47 56 50 54
60 62 75 68 67
425 575 675 629 558
99 139 156 144 128
154 210 239 217 203
91 126 156 148 113
53 62 75 79 75
25 33 42 33 30
... ... ... ... 9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
651 607 582 552 480
121 112 110 117 106
59 49 47 54 42
63 63 63 62 63
530 495 471 436 374
123 117 125 115 96
185 165 137 142 109
120 124 113 97 83
57 49 54 49 54
33 31 35 29 24
13 9 8 5 7
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
494 611 764 809
106 117 127 116
46 52 42 42
60 65 86 74
388 495 636 693
105 129 151 157
118 152 213 239
93 116 144 153
42 55 82 98
23 36 38 41
8 6 8 5
1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
119 137
... ...
... ...
... ...
83 98
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
212 207 204 219 211
... 45 50 51 50
... 22 23 28 26
... 24 27 23 24
160 166 153 168 160
... 47 40 46 48
... 52 49 58 52
... 33 28 36 32
... 22 25 20 18
... 10 11 8 10
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
249 269 364 369 320
59 57 71 68 62
28 20 28 26 25
31 37 43 42 37
190 212 293 302 258
53 65 83 80 61
72 65 98 102 93
39 43 60 65 55
18 25 35 36 30
8 13 16 18 17
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
327 337 300 296 327
58 59 59 62 51
22 25 25 27 23
37 35 34 34 28
269 278 241 234 276
63 68 64 63 70
100 99 85 81 105
54 57 51 50 55
32 39 29 27 33
18 12 11 12 11
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
351 407 504 501 508
62 69 87 83 77
28 32 38 36 36
34 37 49 47 40
289 339 418 418 431
68 74 84 93 92
109 122 151 136 145
65 80 111 113 115
32 48 51 53 57
11 12 17 21 21
... ... ... ... 2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
488 525 488 473 466
84 88 87 98 90
38 36 40 35 36
46 52 46 63 54
404 438 401 376 376
86 100 81 80 75
140 131 132 118 124
104 122 117 106 107
50 52 46 48 50
21 27 21 19 17
3 5 4 5 3
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
460 527 590 631
88 91 94 76
37 33 39 37
51 58 54 39
371 436 496 555
86 83 113 116
129 163 160 180
96 112 127 141
38 56 65 86
19 20 24 28
4 3 7 5
HISPANIC WOMEN
. . . = Not available.
98
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003 (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
TOTAL 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
3.8 5.9
9.2 13.4
10.1 14.0
8.6 13.0
3.3 5.4
6.2 9.3
3.2 5.4
2.6 4.4
2.7 4.2
3.1 5.2
3.2 4.9
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 5.5
12.2 8.2 8.5 7.6 12.6
13.6 9.6 10.0 8.7 13.5
11.2 7.1 7.3 6.8 10.7
4.8 3.0 2.7 2.6 5.1
7.7 4.1 4.6 4.7 9.2
4.8 3.0 2.6 2.5 5.3
3.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 4.5
4.2 2.7 2.3 2.3 4.4
4.8 3.1 2.4 2.7 4.5
4.5 3.4 2.9 2.2 4.1
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.4 4.1 4.3 6.8 5.5
11.0 11.1 11.6 15.9 14.6
12.3 12.3 12.5 16.4 15.3
10.0 10.2 10.9 15.5 14.0
3.9 3.7 3.8 6.2 4.8
7.0 6.6 7.1 11.2 8.5
3.8 3.7 3.9 6.8 5.0
3.4 3.0 3.1 5.4 4.2
3.4 3.2 3.3 5.2 4.2
4.2 3.5 3.4 5.2 4.4
3.6 3.2 3.4 4.8 4.3
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.5 6.7 5.5 5.7 5.2
14.7 16.8 14.7 17.2 16.2
15.5 18.3 16.3 19.3 17.8
14.1 15.8 13.6 15.6 14.9
4.8 5.9 4.9 4.8 4.3
8.7 10.4 9.0 8.8 8.3
5.2 6.2 5.1 5.2 4.3
4.1 5.2 4.1 4.0 3.6
4.1 5.0 4.0 3.8 3.5
4.2 5.4 4.2 4.1 3.7
3.8 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.8
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5
14.8 12.8 12.9 12.7 12.2
16.5 14.8 14.6 14.7 14.5
13.5 11.3 11.6 11.2 10.5
3.6 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.7
6.7 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.7
3.7 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.8
3.2 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2
2.8 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.9
3.1 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.9
3.3 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.6
15.3 16.9 16.2 14.5 16.0
17.1 18.7 18.5 17.3 18.3
13.8 15.5 14.6 12.4 14.3
4.0 4.9 4.5 3.9 4.5
8.2 10.0 9.3 7.8 9.1
4.2 5.3 4.6 4.2 4.8
3.1 3.9 3.5 2.7 3.3
2.8 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.9
2.7 3.3 3.2 2.6 2.8
3.2 3.5 3.6 3.0 3.4
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8
19.9 19.0 17.8 16.4 16.1
21.4 21.1 19.9 19.3 18.1
18.9 17.5 16.2 14.2 14.7
7.3 6.5 5.9 5.0 4.8
13.6 12.0 11.0 9.6 9.1
7.8 7.1 6.5 5.3 5.2
5.6 4.9 4.4 3.7 3.6
5.2 4.5 3.9 3.3 3.2
4.6 4.5 3.9 2.9 2.9
5.2 5.1 5.0 4.0 3.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
17.8 19.6 23.2 22.4 18.9
20.0 21.4 24.9 24.5 21.2
16.2 18.4 22.1 21.1 17.4
6.1 6.5 8.6 8.6 6.7
11.5 12.3 14.9 14.5 11.5
6.9 7.3 9.7 9.7 7.3
4.6 5.0 6.9 7.0 5.4
4.0 4.2 5.7 6.2 4.9
3.3 3.7 5.4 5.6 4.7
3.1 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.3
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
18.6 18.3 16.9 15.3 15.0
21.0 20.2 19.1 17.4 17.2
17.0 17.0 15.2 13.8 13.6
6.4 6.2 5.4 4.8 4.6
11.1 10.7 9.7 8.7 8.6
7.0 6.9 6.0 5.4 5.2
5.1 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.8
4.7 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.2
4.3 4.1 3.5 3.2 3.2
3.2 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 6.8 7.5 6.9 6.1
15.5 18.7 20.1 19.0 17.6
17.9 21.0 23.1 21.4 19.9
14.1 17.2 18.2 17.5 16.0
4.9 6.1 6.8 6.2 5.4
8.8 10.8 11.4 10.5 9.7
5.6 6.9 7.6 6.9 6.0
4.1 5.2 5.8 5.5 4.6
3.6 4.5 5.1 4.8 4.0
3.3 4.1 5.1 4.7 4.1
3.0 3.3 3.8 3.2 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
17.3 16.7 16.0 14.6 13.9
20.2 18.9 18.2 17.2 16.3
15.3 15.2 14.5 12.8 12.4
4.9 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6
9.1 9.3 8.5 7.9 7.5
5.4 5.2 4.7 4.3 4.0
4.3 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.0
3.3 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.6
3.6 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.7
4.0 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0
13.1 14.7 16.5 17.5
15.4 17.2 18.8 19.1
11.6 13.1 15.1 16.4
3.4 4.2 5.2 5.4
7.2 8.3 9.7 10.0
3.7 4.6 5.9 6.1
3.0 3.6 4.6 4.9
2.5 3.1 4.0 4.1
2.5 3.0 3.9 4.1
3.1 2.9 3.6 3.8
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
99
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
MEN 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
3.6 5.9
9.8 14.3
10.2 13.7
9.5 14.6
3.2 5.4
6.9 10.4
2.8 5.2
2.4 4.3
2.5 4.3
3.1 5.4
3.4 5.1
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 5.3
12.7 8.1 8.9 7.9 13.5
13.3 9.4 10.5 8.8 13.9
12.3 7.0 7.4 7.2 13.2
4.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 4.9
8.1 3.9 4.6 5.0 10.7
4.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 4.8
3.6 2.0 1.9 2.0 4.1
4.0 2.4 2.2 2.3 4.3
4.9 2.8 2.4 2.8 4.5
4.8 3.5 3.0 2.4 4.4
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.2 3.8 4.1 6.8 5.2
11.6 11.1 12.4 17.1 15.3
12.5 11.7 12.4 16.3 15.8
10.8 10.5 12.3 17.8 14.9
3.8 3.4 3.6 6.2 4.7
7.7 6.9 7.8 12.7 8.7
3.3 3.3 3.3 6.5 4.7
3.1 2.6 2.8 5.1 3.7
3.2 3.0 3.3 5.3 4.1
4.3 3.5 3.5 5.5 4.5
4.0 3.5 3.4 5.2 4.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.4 6.4 5.2 5.2 4.6
15.3 17.1 14.7 17.2 15.8
15.5 18.3 16.0 18.8 17.1
15.0 16.3 13.8 15.9 14.6
4.7 5.7 4.6 4.5 3.9
8.9 10.8 8.9 8.8 8.1
4.8 5.7 4.5 4.5 3.5
3.8 4.6 3.6 3.5 2.9
4.1 4.9 3.9 3.6 3.2
4.6 5.7 4.6 4.3 3.9
4.2 5.5 4.6 4.5 4.0
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8
14.1 11.7 12.3 11.6 11.4
16.1 13.7 14.5 13.9 13.8
12.4 10.2 10.5 9.7 9.3
3.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1
6.4 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.1
2.9 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.9
2.5 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5
2.5 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.5
3.3 2.6 2.3 1.9 1.8
3.5 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.4 5.3 5.0 4.2 4.9
15.0 16.6 15.9 13.9 15.6
16.9 18.7 18.3 17.0 18.4
13.4 15.0 14.1 11.4 13.3
3.5 4.4 4.0 3.3 3.8
8.4 10.3 9.3 7.3 8.8
3.5 4.4 3.8 3.4 4.0
2.4 3.1 2.7 2.0 2.6
2.4 3.0 2.6 2.1 2.4
2.8 3.3 3.2 2.4 2.6
3.3 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.9 7.1 6.3 5.3 5.1
20.1 19.2 17.3 15.8 15.9
21.6 21.4 19.5 19.1 17.9
19.0 17.6 15.6 13.3 14.3
6.8 5.9 5.2 4.3 4.2
14.3 12.1 10.8 9.2 8.7
6.9 6.2 5.7 4.4 4.3
4.9 4.1 3.5 2.8 2.9
4.8 4.0 3.2 2.7 2.7
4.3 4.2 3.6 2.8 2.7
5.4 5.1 5.2 4.2 3.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.9 7.4 9.9 9.9 7.4
18.3 20.1 24.4 23.3 19.6
20.4 22.0 26.4 25.2 21.9
16.7 18.8 23.1 22.2 18.3
5.9 6.3 8.8 8.9 6.6
12.5 13.2 16.4 15.9 11.9
6.7 6.9 10.1 10.1 7.2
4.1 4.5 6.9 7.1 5.2
3.6 4.0 5.6 6.3 4.6
3.4 3.6 5.5 6.1 5.0
3.1 2.9 3.7 3.9 3.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 5.2
19.5 19.0 17.8 16.0 15.9
21.9 20.8 20.2 18.2 18.6
17.9 17.7 16.0 14.6 14.2
6.2 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.5
11.4 11.0 9.9 8.9 8.8
6.6 6.7 5.9 5.3 4.8
4.9 5.1 4.4 3.8 3.7
4.6 4.4 4.2 3.5 3.2
4.3 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.5
3.1 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.7 7.2 7.9 7.2 6.2
16.3 19.8 21.5 20.4 19.0
18.4 21.8 24.6 22.9 21.0
15.0 18.5 19.5 18.8 17.6
5.0 6.4 7.1 6.4 5.4
9.1 11.6 12.2 11.3 10.2
5.5 7.0 7.8 7.0 5.9
4.1 5.5 6.1 5.6 4.5
3.7 4.8 5.6 5.1 4.0
3.8 4.6 5.8 5.2 4.4
3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.1
18.4 18.1 16.9 16.2 14.7
21.1 20.8 19.1 19.1 17.0
16.5 16.3 15.4 14.1 13.1
4.8 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.5
9.2 9.5 8.9 8.1 7.7
5.1 4.9 4.3 3.9 3.6
4.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 2.8
3.5 3.5 3.1 2.8 2.6
3.6 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.7
4.3 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.9 4.8 5.9 6.3
14.0 16.0 18.1 19.3
16.8 19.1 21.1 20.7
12.2 14.0 16.4 18.4
3.3 4.2 5.3 5.6
7.3 9.0 10.2 10.6
3.4 4.3 5.8 6.2
2.8 3.6 4.5 5.0
2.4 3.2 4.2 4.4
2.4 3.3 4.3 4.5
3.3 3.0 3.4 4.0
100
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WOMEN 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
4.1 6.0
8.3 12.3
10.0 14.4
7.4 11.2
3.6 5.3
4.8 7.3
4.3 5.9
3.0 4.7
3.0 4.0
3.1 4.4
2.3 3.8
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.7 4.4 3.6 3.3 6.0
11.4 8.3 8.0 7.2 11.4
14.2 10.0 9.1 8.5 12.7
9.8 7.2 7.3 6.4 7.7
5.1 4.0 3.2 2.9 5.5
6.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 7.3
5.7 4.5 3.6 3.4 6.6
4.4 3.8 3.0 2.5 5.3
4.5 3.5 2.5 2.3 4.6
4.5 4.0 2.5 2.5 4.6
3.4 2.9 2.2 1.4 3.0
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 4.8 4.7 6.8 5.9
10.2 11.2 10.6 14.3 13.5
12.0 13.2 12.6 16.6 14.4
9.1 9.9 9.4 12.9 13.0
4.4 4.2 4.1 6.1 5.2
6.1 6.3 6.0 8.9 8.1
5.3 4.8 5.3 7.3 5.9
4.0 3.9 3.8 6.2 5.1
3.6 3.6 3.2 4.9 4.2
3.8 3.6 3.0 4.5 4.1
2.3 2.3 3.4 3.7 2.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.9 7.2 6.2 6.5 6.2
13.9 16.3 14.6 17.2 16.6
15.5 18.3 16.7 20.2 18.8
12.9 15.1 13.5 15.2 15.2
5.1 6.3 5.4 5.4 5.2
8.3 9.8 9.1 8.9 8.6
6.3 7.4 6.5 6.9 6.3
4.8 6.4 5.2 5.1 5.0
4.2 5.1 4.1 4.2 3.9
3.4 4.5 3.5 3.6 3.3
2.9 4.0 4.2 3.2 3.3
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.5 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.7
15.7 14.1 13.5 14.0 13.3
17.2 16.6 14.8 15.9 15.5
14.8 12.6 12.8 12.9 11.8
4.5 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.7
7.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.3
5.5 4.5 5.4 4.7 4.6
4.6 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.4
3.2 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.6
2.8 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2
2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.3
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.9 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.7
15.6 17.2 16.7 15.3 16.6
17.4 18.7 18.8 17.7 18.2
14.4 16.2 15.2 13.5 15.4
4.8 5.7 5.4 4.9 5.5
7.9 9.6 9.4 8.5 9.5
5.7 7.0 6.2 5.8 6.2
4.4 5.2 4.9 3.9 4.6
3.5 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.7
2.7 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.2
3.1 3.6 3.5 2.9 3.6
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9.3 8.6 8.2 7.2 6.8
19.7 18.7 18.3 17.1 16.4
21.2 20.8 20.5 19.5 18.3
18.7 17.4 16.9 15.3 15.0
8.0 7.4 7.0 6.0 5.7
12.7 11.9 11.2 10.1 9.6
9.1 8.4 7.7 6.7 6.5
6.8 6.1 5.7 5.0 4.6
5.9 5.2 5.1 4.0 3.9
5.1 4.9 4.4 3.2 3.2
5.0 5.0 4.7 3.8 3.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.4 7.9 9.4 9.2 7.6
17.2 19.0 21.9 21.3 18.0
19.6 20.7 23.2 23.7 20.4
15.6 17.9 21.0 19.9 16.6
6.4 6.8 8.3 8.1 6.8
10.4 11.2 13.2 12.9 10.9
7.2 7.7 9.3 9.1 7.4
5.3 5.7 7.0 6.9 5.6
4.5 4.6 5.9 6.0 5.2
3.3 3.8 5.2 5.0 4.3
3.1 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.4 7.1 6.2 5.6 5.4
17.6 17.6 15.9 14.4 14.0
20.0 19.6 18.0 16.6 15.7
16.0 16.3 14.3 12.9 13.0
6.6 6.2 5.4 4.9 4.7
10.7 10.3 9.4 8.5 8.3
7.4 7.2 6.2 5.6 5.6
5.5 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.9
4.8 4.5 3.7 3.4 3.2
4.3 3.8 3.1 2.7 2.8
3.3 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.5 6.4 7.0 6.6 6.0
14.7 17.5 18.6 17.5 16.2
17.4 20.2 21.5 19.8 18.7
13.1 15.9 16.6 16.1 14.3
4.9 5.7 6.3 5.9 5.4
8.5 9.8 10.3 9.7 9.2
5.6 6.8 7.4 6.8 6.2
4.2 4.8 5.5 5.3 4.7
3.4 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.0
2.8 3.4 4.2 4.0 3.9
3.1 3.3 4.5 3.1 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.3
16.1 15.2 15.0 12.9 13.2
19.2 16.9 17.2 15.1 15.5
14.0 14.0 13.6 11.5 11.6
4.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.8
9.0 9.0 8.1 7.8 7.2
5.7 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.4
4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.3
3.2 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5
3.6 3.4 2.7 2.4 2.6
3.7 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.1 4.7 5.6 5.7
12.1 13.4 14.9 15.6
13.9 15.2 16.6 17.5
10.8 12.2 13.8 14.2
3.6 4.1 5.1 5.1
7.1 7.5 9.1 9.3
4.1 5.1 5.9 5.9
3.3 3.7 4.6 4.9
2.5 3.0 3.8 3.7
2.5 2.7 3.5 3.7
2.7 2.9 3.9 3.6
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
101
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE1 1954 ......................................................
5.0
12.1
13.2
11.3
4.6
8.3
4.6
4.0
4.0
4.3
3.9
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.9 3.6 3.8 6.1 4.8
10.4 10.1 10.6 14.4 13.1
12.0 11.5 11.9 15.2 14.4
9.2 9.0 9.6 13.9 12.1
3.4 3.2 3.4 5.6 4.3
6.2 5.7 6.3 9.9 7.3
3.1 3.1 3.3 5.9 4.2
2.9 2.6 2.8 4.8 3.7
3.1 2.9 3.0 4.8 3.8
3.8 3.2 3.2 4.9 4.1
3.4 3.1 3.2 4.6 4.1
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.0 6.0 4.9 5.0 4.6
13.5 15.3 13.3 15.5 14.8
14.6 16.7 15.3 17.9 16.5
12.6 14.4 12.0 13.7 13.3
4.3 5.3 4.2 4.2 3.8
7.9 9.4 7.9 7.7 7.3
4.5 5.3 4.2 4.4 3.6
3.6 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.2
3.8 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.2
3.9 5.0 3.9 3.8 3.5
3.7 4.8 4.0 3.8 3.5
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.1 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1
13.4 11.2 11.0 11.0 10.7
14.8 13.3 12.8 12.9 13.0
12.3 9.7 9.8 9.6 8.9
3.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4
6.1 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.0
3.2 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.5
2.9 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0
2.5 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.8
2.9 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.8
3.2 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.5 5.4 5.1 4.3 5.0
13.5 15.1 14.2 12.6 14.0
15.5 17.0 16.6 15.4 16.3
11.9 13.8 12.3 10.4 12.2
3.7 4.5 4.1 3.5 4.1
7.3 9.0 8.4 6.8 8.0
3.8 4.7 4.1 3.7 4.4
3.0 3.6 3.2 2.5 3.1
2.7 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.8
2.7 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.8
3.2 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.8 7.0 6.2 5.2 5.1
17.9 16.9 15.4 13.9 14.0
19.5 19.0 17.9 17.0 16.1
16.7 15.3 13.5 11.5 12.4
6.7 5.9 5.3 4.3 4.2
12.3 10.7 9.3 8.0 7.6
7.1 6.3 5.7 4.6 4.4
5.2 4.5 4.0 3.3 3.2
4.9 4.2 3.8 3.0 3.0
4.5 4.3 3.7 2.7 2.7
5.1 4.9 4.9 3.8 3.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.3 6.7 8.6 8.4 6.5
15.5 17.3 20.4 19.3 16.0
17.9 19.2 22.8 22.0 18.8
13.8 15.9 18.8 17.6 14.3
5.4 5.7 7.6 7.5 5.7
9.9 10.4 12.8 12.1 9.3
6.1 6.3 8.5 8.4 6.2
4.2 4.5 6.3 6.3 4.8
3.7 3.9 5.4 5.7 4.4
3.1 3.5 5.1 5.2 4.4
2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.2 6.0 5.3 4.7 4.5
15.7 15.6 14.4 13.1 12.7
18.3 17.6 16.7 15.3 15.2
13.9 14.1 12.7 11.6 11.1
5.5 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.9
9.2 8.7 8.0 7.1 7.2
5.9 5.9 5.1 4.5 4.3
4.6 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.3
4.3 4.1 3.7 3.1 2.9
4.0 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.0
2.9 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 5.3
13.5 16.5 17.2 16.2 15.1
15.8 19.0 20.3 19.0 17.6
12.1 14.9 15.2 14.4 13.3
4.3 5.5 6.0 5.5 4.7
7.3 9.2 9.5 8.8 8.1
4.6 6.1 6.7 6.0 5.2
3.6 4.7 5.2 4.9 4.0
3.3 4.2 4.8 4.5 3.7
3.2 4.0 4.9 4.3 3.9
2.8 3.1 3.7 3.0 3.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.7
14.5 14.2 13.6 12.6 12.0
17.3 16.4 15.8 14.8 14.5
12.5 12.6 12.0 11.0 10.2
4.3 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.1
7.7 7.8 6.9 6.5 6.3
4.6 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.3
3.9 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.7
3.1 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.4
3.5 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.5
3.8 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.5 4.2 5.1 5.2
11.4 12.7 14.5 15.2
13.9 15.3 16.7 17.2
9.8 11.0 13.2 13.9
3.0 3.7 4.6 4.7
5.9 7.0 8.1 8.4
3.2 4.1 5.2 5.3
2.6 3.2 4.1 4.3
2.2 2.8 3.7 3.7
2.4 2.9 3.7 3.8
2.8 2.8 3.5 3.7
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
102
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
10.4 9.4 10.5
35.4 31.5 35.0
38.7 37.0 40.0
33.6 28.1 31.8
7.9 7.2 8.0
16.3 15.5 17.5
8.7 8.1 8.5
6.1 4.7 5.4
4.2 3.5 4.3
4.1 3.2 3.6
4.3 3.5 3.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.8 14.0 14.0 12.8 12.3
39.5 39.3 41.1 38.7 36.5
41.6 44.2 44.5 43.9 40.2
38.1 36.7 39.2 35.7 34.4
12.3 11.5 11.5 10.2 10.1
24.5 22.7 24.2 21.8 20.6
13.0 12.8 12.7 10.8 10.8
8.9 8.0 7.4 6.4 6.7
8.3 6.7 5.3 5.2 5.2
5.9 5.9 5.5 4.8 4.9
6.6 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.3 15.6 18.9 19.5 15.9
38.5 41.4 48.0 48.5 42.7
41.1 44.8 48.6 50.5 45.7
37.1 39.5 47.8 47.6 41.2
12.1 13.4 16.6 17.3 13.9
23.6 26.4 30.6 31.6 26.1
13.3 14.7 19.0 19.0 15.2
8.2 9.5 12.1 12.4 9.9
6.8 7.4 8.7 10.7 8.2
5.4 5.5 8.3 9.2 7.4
6.9 7.0 7.1 9.2 6.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15.1 14.5 13.0 11.7 11.4
40.2 39.3 34.7 32.4 32.4
43.6 43.0 39.7 35.1 32.9
38.3 37.2 31.6 30.7 32.2
13.1 12.7 11.3 10.2 9.9
24.5 24.1 21.8 19.6 18.0
14.5 14.0 12.8 11.9 11.5
9.5 9.6 8.4 7.5 7.6
8.2 7.1 6.8 5.9 5.6
7.0 6.6 5.6 4.8 5.2
7.0 4.5 3.9 5.5 6.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.4 12.5 14.2 13.0 11.5
30.9 36.1 39.7 38.8 35.2
36.5 39.5 44.7 39.7 36.1
27.8 34.4 37.1 38.4 34.6
10.1 11.1 12.6 11.4 10.0
19.9 21.6 23.8 21.9 19.5
11.7 12.7 14.2 12.6 11.1
7.8 8.5 10.5 9.5 8.5
5.3 7.4 8.3 6.9 5.6
4.6 4.4 6.2 7.1 5.4
5.3 5.2 4.9 4.7 6.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.4 10.5 10.0 8.9 8.0
35.7 33.6 32.4 27.6 27.9
39.1 36.3 35.0 33.6 31.0
33.4 31.7 30.8 24.2 26.2
8.7 9.0 8.6 7.7 6.8
17.7 18.8 18.3 16.8 14.6
9.9 10.5 9.9 8.4 7.6
7.3 7.3 7.0 6.5 5.3
4.8 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.0
4.0 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.9
6.7 5.3 6.1 5.6 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.6 8.6 10.2 10.8
24.5 29.0 29.8 33.0
26.9 30.8 34.9 32.2
22.9 27.9 27.2 33.5
6.5 7.4 9.1 9.7
15.0 16.3 19.1 19.8
6.7 8.1 9.9 10.9
5.6 6.3 7.8 8.6
4.1 4.8 6.3 6.2
3.0 3.9 5.4 6.3
6.1 4.3 5.9 5.4
7.5 8.1
19.7 19.8
23.4 23.5
17.3 17.2
6.0 6.6
8.5 9.8
5.7 6.3
5.6 5.9
4.7 4.6
5.5 6.1
3.9 6.3
HISPANIC 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ...................................................... 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12.2 11.5 10.1 9.1 8.3
27.7 23.8 22.9 20.7 19.2
30.0 29.2 27.0 28.3 26.0
26.5 19.2 19.6 15.1 14.9
10.3 10.1 8.5 7.7 7.0
16.7 15.9 12.0 10.9 10.4
9.9 9.1 8.6 8.0 6.7
8.6 8.2 6.1 6.5 6.2
8.1 8.4 7.3 5.8 5.2
7.7 8.8 8.2 5.0 6.0
9.9 12.6 9.2 7.5 5.7
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.1 10.4 13.8 13.7 10.7
22.5 23.9 29.9 28.4 24.1
27.6 28.0 38.1 33.8 28.9
19.5 21.7 25.9 25.8 21.6
8.6 9.1 12.3 12.3 9.5
12.1 13.9 17.7 16.7 12.4
9.1 8.8 12.3 11.9 9.7
7.7 7.4 10.7 11.3 8.2
5.7 6.4 8.4 10.0 7.5
5.9 7.3 10.1 10.9 9.7
6.0 5.4 6.5 5.8 6.1
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.5 10.6 8.8 8.2 8.0
24.3 24.7 22.3 22.0 19.4
27.8 28.1 27.7 27.1 26.4
22.5 22.9 19.5 19.3 16.0
9.4 9.5 7.8 7.0 7.2
12.6 12.9 10.6 9.8 10.7
9.9 9.6 7.7 7.1 7.0
7.7 8.4 6.7 6.0 5.9
7.4 7.8 6.9 6.0 6.3
7.8 7.3 6.0 5.8 5.8
8.1 10.1 6.5 5.6 5.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.2 10.0 11.6 10.8 9.9
19.5 22.9 27.5 26.1 24.5
24.5 31.9 35.7 35.1 31.7
16.9 18.7 23.4 21.8 20.6
7.2 9.0 10.4 9.7 8.9
9.1 11.6 13.2 13.1 11.8
7.3 9.2 10.4 9.3 9.0
6.6 8.1 9.8 9.1 7.7
6.4 8.0 8.8 8.6 8.1
5.6 6.5 8.6 8.0 7.3
6.0 7.0 8.1 6.6 7.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9.3 8.9 7.7 7.2 6.4
24.1 23.6 21.6 21.3 18.6
33.1 30.0 27.7 28.0 23.7
19.5 20.3 18.4 18.1 16.3
8.2 7.8 6.8 6.1 5.5
11.5 11.8 10.3 9.4 8.3
8.2 7.3 6.3 5.9 5.4
7.2 7.3 6.4 5.5 4.8
6.4 6.0 5.1 4.6 4.8
7.5 7.3 6.5 5.3 4.5
10.6 8.2 6.8 6.4 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.7 6.6 7.5 7.7
16.6 17.7 20.1 20.0
22.5 24.0 24.2 24.6
13.9 15.0 18.2 17.7
4.9 5.8 6.7 7.0
7.5 8.1 9.9 10.2
4.8 5.9 6.6 7.0
4.5 5.2 6.0 6.0
3.3 4.3 5.5 6.3
4.5 5.6 5.7 5.7
5.7 4.5 6.8 3.9
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
103
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE MEN1 1954 ......................................................
4.8
13.4
14.0
13.0
4.4
9.8
4.2
3.6
3.8
4.3
4.2
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.7 3.4 3.6 6.1 4.6
11.3 10.5 11.5 15.7 14.0
12.2 11.2 11.9 14.9 15.0
10.4 9.7 11.1 16.5 13.0
3.3 3.0 3.2 5.5 4.1
7.0 6.1 7.0 11.7 7.5
2.7 2.8 2.7 5.6 3.8
2.6 2.2 2.5 4.4 3.2
2.9 2.8 3.0 4.8 3.7
3.9 3.1 3.4 5.2 4.2
3.8 3.4 3.2 5.0 4.5
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.8 5.7 4.6 4.7 4.1
14.0 15.7 13.7 15.9 14.7
14.6 16.5 15.2 17.8 16.1
13.5 15.2 12.7 14.2 13.3
4.2 5.1 4.0 3.9 3.4
8.3 10.1 8.1 7.8 7.4
4.1 4.9 3.8 3.9 3.0
3.3 4.0 3.1 2.9 2.5
3.6 4.4 3.5 3.3 2.9
4.1 5.3 4.1 4.0 3.5
4.0 5.2 4.0 4.1 3.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5
12.9 10.5 10.7 10.1 10.0
14.7 12.5 12.7 12.3 12.5
11.3 8.9 9.0 8.3 7.9
2.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9
5.9 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.6
2.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7
2.3 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4
2.3 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4
3.1 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.7
3.4 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.0 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.4
13.7 15.1 14.2 12.3 13.5
15.7 17.1 16.4 15.2 16.2
12.0 13.5 12.4 10.0 11.5
3.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 3.5
7.8 9.4 8.5 6.6 7.8
3.1 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.6
2.3 2.9 2.5 1.8 2.4
2.3 2.9 2.5 2.0 2.2
2.7 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.5
3.2 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.2 6.4 5.5 4.6 4.5
18.3 17.3 15.0 13.5 13.9
19.7 19.7 17.6 16.9 16.1
17.2 15.5 13.0 10.8 12.2
6.2 5.4 4.7 3.7 3.6
13.1 10.9 9.3 7.7 7.5
6.3 5.6 5.0 3.8 3.7
4.5 3.7 3.1 2.5 2.5
4.4 3.7 3.0 2.5 2.5
4.1 4.0 3.3 2.6 2.5
5.0 4.7 4.9 3.9 3.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.1 6.5 8.8 8.8 6.4
16.2 17.9 21.7 20.2 16.8
18.5 19.9 24.2 22.6 19.7
14.5 16.4 20.0 18.7 15.0
5.3 5.6 7.8 7.9 5.7
11.1 11.6 14.3 13.8 9.8
5.9 6.1 8.9 9.0 6.2
3.6 4.0 6.2 6.4 4.6
3.3 3.6 5.3 5.7 4.2
3.1 3.4 5.1 5.6 4.7
2.5 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.6
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.1 6.0 5.4 4.7 4.5
16.5 16.3 15.5 13.9 13.7
19.2 18.4 17.9 16.1 16.4
14.7 14.7 13.7 12.4 12.0
5.4 5.3 4.8 4.1 3.9
9.7 9.2 8.4 7.4 7.5
5.7 5.8 5.2 4.6 4.1
4.3 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.2
4.1 4.0 3.9 3.2 2.9
4.0 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.1
2.7 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 6.5 7.0 6.3 5.4
14.3 17.6 18.5 17.7 16.3
16.1 19.7 21.5 20.2 18.5
13.2 16.3 16.5 16.0 14.7
4.3 5.8 6.4 5.7 4.8
7.6 10.2 10.5 9.6 8.8
4.7 6.4 7.0 6.2 5.2
3.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 3.9
3.4 4.4 5.1 4.7 3.7
3.6 4.6 5.5 4.7 4.1
2.8 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.6
15.6 15.5 14.3 14.1 12.6
18.2 18.3 16.3 17.1 15.1
13.8 13.5 12.9 12.1 10.8
4.3 4.1 3.6 3.2 3.0
7.9 8.1 7.3 6.7 6.5
4.5 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.1
3.8 3.5 3.2 2.6 2.4
3.2 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.4
3.4 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.6
4.0 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.4 4.2 5.3 5.6
12.3 13.9 15.9 17.1
15.3 17.4 18.8 18.5
10.4 11.7 14.2 16.1
2.8 3.7 4.7 5.0
5.9 7.8 8.7 9.1
2.9 3.8 5.3 5.5
2.4 3.1 4.1 4.4
2.2 2.9 3.8 4.0
2.4 3.2 4.0 4.2
3.0 2.8 3.4 3.8
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
104
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
WHITE WOMEN1 1954 ......................................................
5.5
10.4
12.0
9.4
5.1
6.4
5.7
4.9
4.4
4.5
2.8
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.3 4.2 4.3 6.2 5.3
9.1 9.7 9.5 12.7 12.0
11.6 12.1 11.9 15.6 13.3
7.7 8.3 7.8 11.0 11.1
3.9 3.7 3.8 5.6 4.7
5.1 5.1 5.1 7.3 7.0
4.3 4.0 4.7 6.6 5.2
3.8 3.5 3.7 5.6 4.7
3.4 3.3 3.0 4.9 3.9
3.6 3.5 2.9 4.3 4.0
2.2 2.3 3.4 3.5 2.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.3 6.5 5.5 5.8 5.5
12.7 14.8 12.8 15.1 14.9
14.5 17.0 15.6 18.1 17.1
11.5 13.6 11.3 13.2 13.2
4.6 5.7 4.7 4.8 4.6
7.2 8.4 7.7 7.4 7.1
5.7 6.6 5.4 5.8 5.2
4.2 5.6 4.5 4.6 4.5
4.0 4.8 3.7 3.9 3.6
3.3 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.5
2.8 3.8 4.0 3.3 3.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.0 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.2
14.0 12.1 11.5 12.1 11.5
15.0 14.5 12.9 13.9 13.7
13.4 10.7 10.6 11.0 10.0
4.0 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.4
6.3 5.3 6.0 5.9 5.5
4.9 3.7 4.7 3.9 4.2
4.1 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.2
3.0 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.4
2.7 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1
2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.4 6.3 5.9 5.3 6.1
13.4 15.1 14.2 13.0 14.5
15.3 16.7 17.0 15.8 16.4
11.9 14.1 12.3 10.9 13.0
4.4 5.3 4.9 4.3 5.1
6.9 8.5 8.2 7.1 8.2
5.3 6.3 5.5 5.1 5.8
4.3 4.9 4.4 3.7 4.3
3.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.6
2.6 3.3 3.3 2.7 3.2
3.3 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.6 7.9 7.3 6.2 5.9
17.4 16.4 15.9 14.4 14.0
19.2 18.2 18.2 17.1 15.9
16.1 15.1 14.2 12.4 12.5
7.5 6.8 6.2 5.2 5.0
11.2 10.4 9.3 8.3 7.8
8.4 7.6 6.7 5.8 5.6
6.5 5.8 5.3 4.5 4.2
5.8 5.0 5.0 3.8 3.7
5.0 4.8 4.4 3.0 3.0
5.3 5.3 4.9 3.7 3.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.5 6.9 8.3 7.9 6.5
14.8 16.6 19.0 18.3 15.2
17.3 18.4 21.2 21.4 17.8
13.1 15.3 17.6 16.4 13.6
5.6 5.9 7.3 6.9 5.8
8.5 9.1 10.9 10.3 8.8
6.3 6.6 8.0 7.6 6.1
4.9 5.1 6.4 6.2 5.0
4.3 4.2 5.5 5.5 4.8
3.1 3.7 5.0 4.7 4.0
3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.7
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.4 6.1 5.2 4.7 4.5
14.8 14.9 13.4 12.3 11.5
17.2 16.7 15.5 14.4 13.8
13.1 13.6 11.7 10.8 10.1
5.7 5.4 4.6 4.1 4.0
8.5 8.1 7.4 6.7 6.8
6.2 6.1 5.0 4.5 4.5
4.9 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.4
4.5 4.3 3.3 3.1 2.9
4.1 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.7
3.1 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.7 5.6 6.1 5.7 5.2
12.6 15.2 15.8 14.7 13.8
15.5 18.2 18.9 17.8 16.6
10.9 13.3 13.7 12.6 11.8
4.1 5.0 5.5 5.2 4.6
6.8 8.1 8.3 7.9 7.4
4.6 5.7 6.2 5.8 5.1
3.7 4.3 4.9 4.7 4.2
3.2 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.7
2.7 3.3 4.0 3.9 3.7
2.8 3.1 4.5 3.0 3.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.8 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.8
13.4 12.9 12.8 10.9 11.3
16.4 14.4 15.2 12.4 13.9
11.2 11.7 11.1 9.8 9.6
4.3 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.3
7.4 7.4 6.4 6.3 6.1
4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.6
3.9 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.0
3.0 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.3
3.5 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.5
3.5 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.6 4.1 4.9 4.8
10.4 11.4 13.1 13.3
12.5 13.1 14.6 15.9
9.0 10.2 12.1 11.5
3.1 3.6 4.4 4.4
5.8 6.1 7.4 7.6
3.5 4.5 5.0 4.9
2.9 3.3 4.1 4.2
2.3 2.7 3.5 3.3
2.4 2.5 3.3 3.4
2.4 2.7 3.5 3.5
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
105
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
BLACK MEN1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
9.3 8.0 9.8
31.7 27.8 33.1
36.7 35.7 39.9
28.4 23.0 28.3
7.0 6.0 7.4
14.9 13.2 16.2
7.2 6.2 8.1
4.8 3.9 4.3
3.8 3.2 4.2
4.4 3.2 3.6
5.4 3.3 5.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.8 13.7 13.3 11.8 11.4
38.1 37.5 39.2 36.7 34.2
41.9 40.8 41.0 43.0 37.9
35.9 36.0 38.2 32.9 32.2
12.5 11.4 10.7 9.3 9.3
24.7 22.6 23.0 21.0 18.7
12.7 12.0 11.8 9.8 9.6
8.7 7.5 6.2 5.1 6.3
9.3 7.3 4.9 4.9 5.2
6.3 6.3 6.0 4.4 5.1
8.7 8.7 7.8 6.6 6.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.5 15.7 20.1 20.3 16.4
37.5 40.7 48.9 48.8 42.7
39.7 43.2 52.7 52.2 44.0
36.2 39.2 47.1 47.3 42.2
12.4 13.5 17.8 18.1 14.3
23.7 26.4 31.5 31.4 26.6
13.4 14.4 20.1 19.4 15.0
8.2 9.3 13.4 13.5 10.4
7.2 7.8 9.0 11.4 7.9
6.2 6.1 10.3 11.0 8.9
8.7 7.5 9.3 11.8 7.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15.3 14.8 12.7 11.7 11.5
41.0 39.3 34.4 32.7 31.9
42.9 41.4 39.0 34.4 34.4
40.0 38.2 31.6 31.7 30.3
13.2 12.9 11.1 10.1 10.0
23.5 23.5 20.3 19.4 17.9
13.8 13.5 12.2 11.0 10.5
9.6 10.9 8.7 7.6 8.4
9.7 7.8 6.7 6.2 6.2
7.9 8.0 6.6 5.2 6.2
8.9 4.3 4.3 5.6 7.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.9 13.0 15.2 13.8 12.0
31.9 36.3 42.0 40.1 37.6
38.8 39.0 47.5 42.7 39.3
28.0 34.8 39.1 38.6 36.5
10.4 11.5 13.5 12.1 10.3
20.1 22.4 24.6 23.0 19.4
11.5 11.9 14.2 12.3 10.6
8.4 9.5 11.2 10.5 9.1
6.3 8.6 10.3 8.1 6.5
5.4 5.0 8.1 9.0 6.0
4.6 6.1 4.9 5.8 8.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.6 11.1 10.2 8.9 8.2
37.1 36.9 36.5 30.1 30.9
39.7 39.9 39.5 33.9 33.3
35.4 34.9 34.4 27.9 29.4
8.8 9.4 8.5 7.4 6.7
17.6 19.2 19.8 18.0 16.2
9.3 10.1 8.7 7.3 6.9
7.6 7.8 6.7 6.2 5.2
5.5 6.3 5.6 4.4 4.3
4.4 5.2 4.2 4.5 3.9
7.6 5.0 5.5 5.2 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.0 9.3 10.7 11.6
26.2 30.4 31.3 36.0
28.5 30.5 36.6 35.6
24.7 30.4 28.7 36.3
6.9 8.0 9.5 10.3
16.6 17.6 20.0 20.9
6.7 8.3 9.4 11.3
5.8 6.9 8.0 9.2
4.8 5.5 7.4 6.7
2.7 4.8 6.1 6.8
6.3 4.0 5.0 5.6
1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
11.8 11.1 11.3
40.5 36.1 37.4
42.0 38.6 40.2
40.1 34.2 36.0
9.0 8.6 8.8
17.9 18.4 19.0
10.5 10.3 9.0
7.6 5.6 6.6
4.6 3.9 4.4
3.7 3.3 3.6
2.6 3.7 1.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.8 14.3 14.9 13.8 13.3
41.0 41.6 43.4 40.8 39.1
41.2 48.4 49.5 45.0 42.7
40.6 37.6 40.4 38.7 36.9
12.2 11.7 12.3 11.2 10.9
24.3 22.8 25.5 22.7 22.6
13.4 13.6 13.6 11.9 12.1
9.0 8.5 8.7 7.8 7.2
7.0 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.2
5.3 5.4 4.8 5.2 4.7
3.6 2.4 3.4 4.7 3.9
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.0 15.6 17.6 18.6 15.4
39.8 42.2 47.1 48.2 42.6
42.9 46.5 44.2 48.6 47.5
38.2 39.8 48.6 48.0 40.2
11.9 13.4 15.4 16.5 13.5
23.5 26.4 29.6 31.8 25.6
13.2 14.9 17.8 18.6 15.4
8.2 9.8 10.7 11.4 9.4
6.4 6.9 8.5 9.9 8.6
4.5 4.7 6.1 7.3 5.9
4.9 6.0 4.5 6.3 4.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.9 14.2 13.2 11.7 11.4
39.2 39.2 34.9 32.0 33.0
44.3 44.6 40.5 35.9 31.1
36.4 36.1 31.7 29.6 34.0
13.1 12.4 11.6 10.4 9.8
25.6 24.7 23.3 19.8 18.1
15.1 14.6 13.5 12.7 12.5
9.3 8.5 8.1 7.4 7.0
6.8 6.4 6.9 5.6 5.0
6.0 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.2
5.2 4.9 3.4 5.4 6.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.9 12.0 13.2 12.1 11.0
29.9 36.0 37.2 37.4 32.6
34.1 40.1 41.7 36.1 32.9
27.6 33.9 34.8 38.1 32.5
9.7 10.6 11.8 10.7 9.8
19.6 20.7 23.1 20.9 19.6
11.9 13.4 14.1 12.9 11.7
7.2 7.6 9.8 8.6 8.0
4.3 6.2 6.4 5.8 4.9
3.6 3.8 4.2 5.1 4.9
5.9 4.4 5.0 3.6 4.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.2 10.0 9.9 9.0 7.8
34.3 30.3 28.7 25.3 25.1
38.5 32.8 30.3 33.2 28.5
31.5 28.6 27.8 20.9 23.3
8.6 8.7 8.8 7.9 6.8
17.8 18.4 17.1 15.7 13.4
10.5 11.0 10.9 9.5 8.3
7.0 6.9 7.2 6.7 5.5
4.2 3.8 4.4 4.3 3.8
3.6 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.9
... 5.6 6.6 6.1 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.1 8.1 9.8 10.2
22.8 27.5 28.3 30.3
25.3 31.2 33.2 29.1
21.3 25.4 25.6 31.1
6.2 7.0 8.8 9.2
13.6 15.3 18.3 18.8
6.8 8.0 10.2 10.5
5.5 5.8 7.7 8.1
3.4 4.3 5.3 5.8
3.3 3.1 4.7 5.9
6.0 4.6 6.9 5.3
BLACK WOMEN1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
106
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age, 1948–2003—Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
HISPANIC MEN 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
6.7 7.3
19.0 19.0
20.9 22.0
17.7 17.1
5.4 6.0
8.2 9.9
5.0 5.5
4.2 5.0
4.5 4.3
5.4 5.4
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.4 10.8 9.0 7.7 7.0
27.6 23.3 20.9 19.7 17.5
29.3 28.7 25.9 27.5 23.5
26.5 19.7 18.2 13.9 13.8
9.6 9.4 7.7 6.4 5.8
16.3 16.0 11.7 9.4 9.2
9.6 8.1 7.9 6.6 5.3
7.9 7.0 4.9 4.8 5.1
7.0 7.4 5.4 4.8 4.4
6.8 8.7 7.4 4.4 5.0
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9.7 10.2 13.6 13.6 10.5
21.9 24.3 31.3 28.7 25.2
26.2 30.9 40.2 34.7 31.5
19.3 20.3 26.8 25.9 22.2
8.3 8.8 12.1 12.2 9.3
12.2 14.1 18.2 17.0 12.5
8.3 8.9 12.4 11.6 9.2
7.1 6.5 9.9 10.8 7.6
6.0 5.9 7.5 10.3 7.2
5.9 6.7 10.0 11.7 10.2
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.2 10.5 8.7 8.1 7.6
24.7 24.5 22.2 22.7 20.2
29.1 28.5 28.2 29.5 27.6
22.4 22.4 19.3 19.5 16.8
9.1 9.5 7.8 7.0 6.6
12.9 13.0 10.2 9.2 9.7
9.6 9.5 7.6 7.0 5.9
7.2 8.5 6.9 5.9 5.7
6.8 7.0 7.1 6.1 6.0
7.0 8.0 6.7 6.7 6.6
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.0 10.3 11.7 10.6 9.4
19.5 23.5 28.2 25.9 26.3
24.0 33.6 36.6 34.5 33.3
17.4 19.2 24.0 21.9 22.5
7.0 9.3 10.5 9.5 8.3
8.4 11.6 13.7 12.6 10.8
6.9 9.3 10.1 9.0 8.4
6.5 8.5 9.8 8.8 6.6
6.8 7.9 8.9 8.8 8.1
6.5 8.1 10.2 8.5 7.4
... ... ... ... 10.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.8 7.9 7.0 6.4 5.6
25.3 22.5 20.8 20.6 17.8
34.8 31.5 26.5 29.0 23.4
20.2 18.4 17.9 16.4 15.3
7.7 6.9 6.1 5.4 4.7
10.6 10.3 9.8 8.9 7.8
7.5 6.6 5.1 5.2 4.1
6.7 6.3 5.4 4.5 3.8
5.9 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.5
7.9 6.7 6.8 5.3 4.6
12.9 8.3 7.2 5.0 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.0 5.9 7.2 7.2
15.7 17.1 20.2 21.9
22.3 25.8 22.9 25.9
12.8 13.4 19.1 20.1
4.2 5.2 6.4 6.4
6.6 8.1 9.3 9.6
3.7 4.6 6.1 6.3
3.8 4.5 5.4 5.3
3.1 3.8 5.5 6.0
4.1 6.3 6.2 6.0
6.2 4.8 6.3 3.6
9.0 9.4
20.7 20.8
26.8 25.3
16.7 17.4
7.3 7.7
9.0 9.7
6.9 7.7
8.3 7.5
5.1 5.3
5.6 7.5
... ...
HISPANIC WOMEN 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ...................................................... 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
13.5 12.7 11.9 11.3 10.3
27.9 22.2 24.4 21.8 21.2
31.0 30.3 28.5 29.9 30.0
26.4 18.7 21.9 16.6 15.8
11.5 11.4 10.1 9.8 8.9
17.2 15.8 12.1 13.0 12.1
10.5 10.8 9.8 10.3 8.9
9.9 10.0 8.2 9.2 7.7
10.0 9.8 10.6 7.4 7.1
9.3 9.0 11.0 7.2 7.9
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.7 10.8 14.1 13.8 11.1
23.4 23.4 28.2 28.0 22.8
29.7 23.5 35.1 32.5 26.1
19.8 23.4 25.0 25.7 21.0
9.2 9.5 12.5 12.4 9.9
12.0 13.5 16.8 16.2 12.2
10.6 8.7 12.2 12.5 10.3
8.6 8.9 11.9 12.2 9.1
5.3 7.2 9.9 9.7 7.9
5.8 8.4 10.4 9.6 8.8
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.0 10.8 8.9 8.3 8.8
23.8 25.1 22.4 21.0 18.2
26.2 27.6 27.1 24.5 24.7
22.6 23.6 19.9 18.9 14.9
9.9 9.6 7.7 7.1 8.0
12.1 12.9 11.4 10.7 12.2
10.6 9.8 7.8 7.2 8.6
8.5 8.2 6.5 6.2 6.3
8.1 8.9 6.7 5.9 6.7
9.2 6.2 5.0 4.6 4.5
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.4 9.6 11.4 11.0 10.7
19.4 21.9 26.4 26.3 22.2
25.4 29.6 34.5 36.0 29.7
16.2 17.9 22.4 21.7 18.1
7.5 8.6 10.2 9.9 9.8
10.4 11.7 12.4 14.0 13.5
8.0 9.1 11.0 9.9 10.1
6.7 7.6 9.7 9.5 9.2
6.0 8.1 8.5 8.3 8.0
4.3 4.1 6.2 7.2 7.1
... ... ... ... 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.0 10.2 8.9 8.2 7.6
22.6 25.1 22.7 22.1 19.8
30.7 28.2 29.2 26.4 24.0
18.7 23.3 19.1 20.2 17.7
8.9 9.2 7.9 7.1 6.6
13.0 14.1 11.0 10.1 9.1
9.5 8.5 8.2 7.2 7.3
7.9 8.7 7.7 6.9 6.3
7.0 7.2 5.5 5.1 5.1
6.8 8.1 6.1 5.4 4.3
6.4 8.0 6.0 8.8 4.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.8 7.5 8.0 8.4
18.0 18.5 19.9 17.7
22.7 21.6 25.8 23.2
15.6 17.1 17.0 14.4
5.9 6.6 7.2 7.8
9.0 8.2 10.8 11.3
6.4 7.8 7.4 8.2
5.4 6.2 6.7 7.1
3.6 4.8 5.5 6.8
5.0 4.8 5.0 5.3
4.8 4.0 7.5 4.4
. . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
107
Table 1-30. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, New Series, 2000–2003 (Thousands of people, percent of civilian labor force.) Occupation
2000
2001
2002
2003
UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER 1 .........................................................................................
5 692
6 801
8 378
8 774
Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Management, business, and financial operations ............................. Professional and related occupations ............................................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Sales and related occupations .......................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ...................................... Construction and extraction occupations .......................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ............................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .............. Production occupations .................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................
827 320 507 1 132 1 446 673 773 758 133 507 119 1 081 575 505
1 102 455 647 1 311 1 652 779 873 943 163 626 154 1 318 759 559
1 482 622 859 1 544 2 110 998 1 112 1 155 142 788 225 1 530 848 682
1 556 627 929 1 681 2 070 995 1 076 1 244 136 814 295 1 555 807 748
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER 1 .........................................................................................
4.0
4.7
5.8
6.0
Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Management, business, and financial operations ............................. Professional and related occupations ............................................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Sales and related occupations .......................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ...................................... Construction and extraction occupations .......................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ............................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .............. Production occupations .................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................
1.8 1.6 1.9 5.2 3.8 4.1 3.6 5.3 10.2 6.2 2.4 5.1 4.8 5.6
2.3 2.2 2.3 5.8 4.4 4.7 4.2 6.4 13.4 7.3 3.2 6.4 6.6 6.2
3.0 3.0 3.0 6.6 5.6 5.9 5.4 7.8 12.0 9.1 4.6 7.6 7.8 7.4
3.1 3.1 3.2 7.1 5.5 5.9 5.2 8.1 11.4 9.1 5.5 7.9 7.7 8.2
1Includes
a small number of persons whose last job was in the armed forces.
108
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-31. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 (Thousands of people, percent of civilian labor force.) Occupation
UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER 1 .............................................................................. Managerial and professional specialty ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ............................. Professional specialty ............................................................. Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................. Technicians and related support ............................................ Sales occupations .................................................................. Administrative support, including clerical ............................... Service occupations ................................................................... Private household ................................................................... Protective service ................................................................... Service, except private household and protective .................. Precision production, craft, and repair ........................................ Mechanics and repairers ........................................................ Construction trades ................................................................ Other precision production, craft, and repair .......................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............ Construction laborers ......................................................... Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................................ Farming, forestry, and fishing .....................................................
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER 1 .............................................................................. Managerial and professional specialty ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ............................. Professional specialty ............................................................. Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................. Technicians and related support ............................................ Sales occupations .................................................................. Administrative support, including clerical ............................... Service occupations ................................................................... Private household ................................................................... Protective service ................................................................... Service, except private household and protective .................. Precision production, craft, and repair ........................................ Mechanics and repairers ........................................................ Construction trades ................................................................ Other precision production, craft, and repair .......................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............ Construction laborers ......................................................... Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................................ Farming, forestry, and fishing .....................................................
1Includes
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
6 701
6 528
7 047
8 628
9 613
8 940
7 996
7 404
7 236
6 739
6 210
5 880
577 311 266 1 479 95 652 732 1 136 54 81 1 000 773 166 405 202 1 620 673 317 630 192
614 348 265 1 470 90 643 738 1 088 55 74 960 762 161 428 173 1 578 678 306 594 152
666 350 316 1 641 116 720 804 1 139 47 74 1 018 861 175 483 202 1 714 727 329 657 177
889 494 395 1 977 133 857 988 1 330 56 101 1 172 1 149 246 655 248 2 062 903 398 761 204
1 009 576 433 2 308 176 985 1 147 1 461 66 108 1 287 1 294 281 730 284 2 151 922 428 802 200
984 527 457 2 111 165 927 1 020 1 401 65 108 1 228 1 155 258 631 266 1 926 816 404 706 172
907 454 453 1 962 127 907 928 1 471 91 96 1 285 910 201 518 191 1 761 672 364 725 172
880 420 460 1 744 113 795 836 1 378 99 86 1 193 860 182 501 177 1 618 629 329 660 179
869 431 438 1 766 114 843 810 1 334 79 84 1 170 795 174 456 165 1 570 654 292 625 158
761 359 403 1 646 104 814 728 1 255 73 89 1 093 719 167 406 145 1 490 551 306 633 167
722 343 380 1 550 96 745 710 1 216 74 85 1 057 630 149 338 143 1 304 494 279 531 136
770 376 394 1 477 101 714 662 1 081 67 72 943 607 136 330 142 1 207 440 235 532 140
439 260
442 234
481 237
556 299
601 320
534 310
552 333
481 311
467 293
467 267
395 244
392 249
5.5
5.3
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
1.9 2.1 1.7 4.0 2.6 4.5 3.9 6.9 5.7 4.0 7.4 5.4 3.6 7.4 4.7 8.3 7.7 6.2 11.5 19.4
2.0 2.3 1.7 3.9 2.4 4.4 3.9 6.5 5.9 3.6 7.0 5.2 3.4 7.7 4.0 8.0 7.6 5.9 10.8 16.8
2.1 2.3 2.0 4.3 2.9 4.8 4.1 6.6 5.6 3.6 7.1 5.9 3.8 8.5 4.7 8.7 8.1 6.3 11.6 18.1
2.8 3.2 2.4 5.2 3.4 5.7 5.1 7.6 6.5 4.6 8.1 8.0 5.2 11.9 5.9 10.6 10.4 7.5 13.9 22.1
3.1 3.8 2.6 5.9 4.0 6.6 5.8 8.2 6.9 4.9 8.8 8.9 5.9 13.1 6.7 11.1 10.7 8.0 14.6 22.9
3.0 3.3 2.6 5.4 3.9 6.1 5.2 7.7 6.5 4.7 8.2 7.9 5.5 11.1 6.3 10.0 9.7 7.4 12.9 20.3
2.6 2.7 2.5 5.0 3.2 5.8 4.7 8.0 10.0 4.1 8.5 6.3 4.3 9.4 4.5 9.0 8.0 6.6 12.7 18.9
2.4 2.4 2.5 4.5 2.8 5.0 4.3 7.5 10.7 3.7 7.9 6.0 4.0 9.0 4.2 8.2 7.4 6.0 11.7 18.7
2.3 2.4 2.3 4.5 2.8 5.2 4.2 7.2 9.0 3.7 7.6 5.5 3.7 8.2 4.0 7.9 7.7 5.2 11.1 16.3
2.0 1.9 2.1 4.1 2.4 4.9 3.8 6.7 8.4 3.7 7.0 4.8 3.5 7.0 3.4 7.5 6.5 5.4 11.1 17.1
1.8 1.8 1.9 3.9 2.2 4.5 3.7 6.4 8.0 3.4 6.8 4.2 3.0 5.7 3.4 6.7 6.0 4.9 9.4 14.2
1.9 1.9 1.9 3.7 2.3 4.2 3.5 5.7 7.4 2.9 6.0 4.0 2.7 5.4 3.5 6.2 5.6 4.1 9.2 13.2
9.7 7.0
9.7 6.4
10.3 6.4
12.2 7.9
13.0 8.3
11.6 8.4
11.5 8.4
10.3 7.9
10.0 7.6
9.9 7.1
8.4 6.5
8.3 6.8
a small number of persons whose last job was in the armed forces.
109
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-32. Unemployed Persons 1 by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry and class of worker
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ......................................................
5 692
6 801
8 378
8 774
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ............................. Mining ........................................................................................... Construction ................................................................................. Manufacturing ............................................................................... Durable goods .......................................................................... Nondurable goods .................................................................... Wholesale trade and retail trade ................................................... Transportation and utilities ........................................................... Information .................................................................................... Financial activities ........................................................................ Professional and business services ............................................. Education and health services ...................................................... Leisure and hospitality .................................................................. Other services .............................................................................. Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ................. Government workers ........................................................................ Self-employed and unpaid family members .....................................
4 483 21 513 691 400 290 837 193 124 208 573 383 720 219 134 422 219
5 540 23 609 992 630 362 945 236 190 252 768 463 833 229 153 430 218
6 926 33 800 1 205 789 416 1 202 274 253 320 1 009 570 961 301 139 512 265
7 131 37 810 1 166 762 404 1 237 283 246 319 1 042 640 1 006 347 140 568 294
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Persons
with no work experience and persons whose last job was in the armed forces are included in the unemployed total.
110
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-33. Unemployed Persons by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 (Thousands of people.) Experienced wage and salary workers Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries, except private households Manufacturing
Year Total 1
Agriculture Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Finance, Wholesale insurance, and retail and real trade estate
Services, except private households
1948 ....................................................... 1949 .......................................................
2 046 3 310
96 132
1 756 2 871
28 73
232 380
678 1 242
339 652
339 590
149 252
415 578
30 36
224 310
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
2 990 1 857 1 707 1 671 3 230
162 71 73 81 133
2 512 1 578 1 453 1 419 2 827
61 36 35 45 106
348 218 218 227 386
981 637 573 536 1 232
466 271 266 253 720
515 366 307 283 512
189 95 95 90 231
580 373 326 315 549
40 27 33 34 46
313 192 173 172 277
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
2 568 2 443 2 542 4 096 3 252
124 126 118 180 158
2 188 2 081 2 181 3 584 2 782
69 50 41 72 59
337 313 349 523 466
821 832 901 1 605 1 055
436 448 502 1 036 611
385 384 399 569 444
163 127 139 246 178
464 459 461 705 617
49 39 42 68 63
285 261 248 365 344
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
3 337 4 061 3 342 3 415 3 134
159 173 127 158 158
2 847 3 516 2 889 2 916 2 643
59 67 46 41 37
463 544 466 456 390
1 103 1 376 1 045 1 061 941
626 835 575 573 498
477 541 470 488 443
193 218 166 170 143
637 783 678 689 649
63 91 82 75 75
329 437 406 424 408
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
2 732 2 331 2 489 2 356 2 372
114 89 96 86 76
2 320 1 957 2 098 1 971 1 997
29 20 19 16 15
364 286 257 247 225
775 651 775 691 705
382 325 418 368 382
393 326 357 323 323
118 88 100 87 99
585 528 521 513 530
70 62 80 74 73
379 322 346 343 350
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
3 526 4 300 4 122 3 646 4 391
94 100 103 95 110
3 070 3 731 3 537 3 091 3 769
16 23 19 19 20
380 428 450 407 486
1 195 1 401 1 154 939 1 257
719 841 653 500 703
475 559 501 439 554
150 178 168 143 162
732 948 994 896 1 058
102 128 138 117 139
495 625 613 570 648
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 970 6 387 5 915 5 220 5 217
151 180 171 142 148
6 110 5 421 4 987 4 359 4 391
31 37 33 37 45
807 694 593 530 541
2 333 1 700 1 474 1 244 1 306
1 431 987 805 661 702
902 714 669 583 603
278 246 242 201 206
1 493 1 527 1 473 1 295 1 250
217 200 186 161 165
952 1 017 986 891 879
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 634 7 129 9 275 9 276 7 236
175 201 260 300 243
5 710 6 089 8 128 7 985 6 145
65 70 154 182 103
740 809 1 031 1 005 817
1 991 1 915 2 771 2 454 1 654
1 254 1 139 1 788 1 562 955
736 777 983 892 699
280 304 397 424 330
1 443 1 609 2 066 2 109 1 710
188 199 276 272 232
1 004 1 182 1 433 1 539 1 299
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
7 074 7 019 6 313 5 718 5 616
233 222 191 192 176
6 088 6 097 5 434 4 943 4 866
96 134 87 62 42
778 809 724 669 634
1 694 1 559 1 305 1 161 1 140
1 004 910 749 653 634
690 650 556 508 506
316 313 277 246 251
1 679 1 706 1 582 1 433 1 412
228 239 225 221 230
1 297 1 336 1 234 1 151 1 157
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 104 7 512 8 361 7 708 7 092
190 231 251 224 218
5 354 6 593 7 344 6 751 6 113
36 60 56 52 37
718 946 1 020 874 724
1 289 1 572 1 663 1 487 1 154
762 950 979 842 630
527 621 685 645 524
252 353 373 352 340
1 551 1 851 2 097 1 964 1 899
221 290 332 303 271
1 287 1 522 1 802 1 719 1 688
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 533 6 389 5 900 5 477 5 202
225 213 190 180 189
5 636 5 532 5 131 4 781 4 511
34 30 24 20 33
737 666 623 532 520
1 030 1 013 885 816 739
534 563 445 426 434
496 450 440 390 305
314 291 260 254 235
1 682 1 679 1 645 1 493 1 422
240 201 229 197 191
1 599 1 653 1 465 1 470 1 371
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes
private household members, not shown separately.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
111
Table 1-34. Unemployment Rates 1 by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2003 (Percent of civilian labor force.) Industry and class of worker
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ...............................................................
4.0
4.7
5.8
6.0
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ..................................... Mining .................................................................................................... Construction .......................................................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................... Nondurable goods ............................................................................. Wholesale trade and retail trade ........................................................... Transportation and utilities .................................................................... Information ............................................................................................ Financial activities ................................................................................. Professional and business services ...................................................... Education and health services .............................................................. Leisure and hospitality .......................................................................... Other services ....................................................................................... Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ......................... Government workers ................................................................................. Self-employed and unpaid family members ..............................................
4.1 4.4 6.2 3.5 3.2 4.0 4.3 3.4 3.2 2.4 4.8 2.5 6.6 3.9 9.0 2.1 2.1
5.0 4.2 7.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.3 4.9 2.9 6.1 2.8 7.5 4.0 11.2 2.2 2.1
6.2 6.3 9.2 6.7 6.9 6.2 6.1 4.9 6.9 3.5 7.9 3.4 8.4 5.1 10.1 2.5 2.6
6.3 6.7 9.3 6.6 6.9 6.1 6.0 5.3 6.8 3.5 8.2 3.6 8.7 5.7 10.2 2.8 2.7
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Persons
with no work experience and persons whose last job was in the armed forces are included in the unemployed total.
112
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-35. Unemployment Rates by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 (Percent of civilian labor force.) Experienced wage and salary workers Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries, except private households Manufacturing
Year Total 1
Agriculture Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Finance, Wholesale insurance, and retail and real trade estate
Services, except private households
1948 ....................................................... 1949 .......................................................
4.3 6.8
5.5 7.1
4.5 7.3
3.1 8.9
8.7 14.0
4.2 8.0
4.0 8.1
4.4 7.8
3.5 5.9
4.7 6.2
1.8 2.1
5.0 6.5
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6.0 3.7 3.4 3.2 6.2
9.0 4.4 4.8 5.6 9.0
6.2 3.9 3.6 3.4 6.7
6.9 4.0 3.8 4.6 14.4
12.2 7.2 6.7 7.2 12.9
6.2 3.9 3.5 3.1 7.1
5.7 3.1 3.0 2.6 7.3
6.7 4.7 4.1 3.8 6.9
4.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 5.6
6.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 5.7
2.2 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.3
6.2 4.0 3.4 3.3 5.2
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
4.8 4.4 4.6 7.3 5.7
7.2 7.4 6.9 10.3 9.1
5.1 4.7 4.9 8.0 6.2
9.1 6.8 5.9 11.0 9.7
10.9 10.0 10.9 15.3 13.4
4.7 4.7 5.1 9.3 6.1
4.4 4.4 4.9 10.6 6.2
5.2 5.2 5.3 7.7 6.0
4.0 3.0 3.3 6.1 4.4
4.7 4.5 4.5 6.8 5.8
2.4 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.5
5.1 4.4 4.0 5.6 5.1
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
5.7 6.8 5.6 5.6 5.0
8.3 9.6 7.5 9.2 9.7
6.2 7.5 6.2 6.1 5.4
9.7 11.1 7.8 7.2 6.7
13.5 15.7 13.5 13.3 11.2
6.2 7.8 5.8 5.7 5.0
6.4 8.5 5.7 5.5 4.7
6.1 6.8 6.0 6.0 5.4
4.6 5.3 4.1 4.2 3.5
5.9 7.3 6.3 6.2 5.7
2.4 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.6
4.8 6.0 5.4 5.6 5.2
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
4.3 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3
7.6 6.6 6.9 6.3 6.1
4.6 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.5
5.4 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.9
10.1 8.0 7.4 6.9 6.0
4.0 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.3
3.5 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.0
4.7 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.7
2.9 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.2
5.0 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1
2.3 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.1
4.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
4.8 5.7 5.3 4.5 5.3
7.5 7.9 7.7 7.0 7.5
5.3 6.3 5.8 4.9 5.8
3.1 4.0 3.2 2.9 3.0
9.7 10.4 10.3 8.9 10.7
5.6 6.8 5.6 4.4 5.8
5.7 7.0 5.5 3.9 5.4
5.4 6.5 5.8 5.0 6.3
3.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.3
5.3 6.4 6.4 5.7 6.5
2.8 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.1
4.7 5.8 5.4 4.8 5.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
8.2 7.3 6.6 5.6 5.5
10.4 11.8 11.2 8.9 9.3
9.2 8.0 7.1 6.0 5.8
4.1 4.6 3.8 4.2 4.9
18.0 15.5 12.7 10.6 10.3
10.9 7.9 6.7 5.5 5.6
11.3 7.7 6.2 5.0 5.0
10.4 8.2 7.4 6.3 6.5
5.6 5.0 4.7 3.7 3.7
8.7 8.6 8.0 6.9 6.5
4.9 4.3 3.8 3.1 3.0
7.2 7.3 6.8 5.8 5.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6.9 7.3 9.3 9.2 7.1
11.0 12.1 14.7 16.0 13.5
7.4 7.7 10.2 9.9 7.4
6.4 6.0 13.4 17.0 10.0
14.1 15.6 20.0 18.4 14.3
8.5 8.3 12.3 11.2 7.5
8.9 8.2 13.3 12.1 7.2
7.9 8.4 10.8 10.0 7.8
4.9 5.2 6.8 7.4 5.5
7.4 8.1 10.0 10.0 8.0
3.4 3.5 4.7 4.5 3.7
6.0 6.7 7.7 7.9 6.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6.8 6.6 5.8 5.2 5.0
13.2 12.5 10.5 10.6 9.6
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
9.5 13.5 10.0 7.9 5.8
13.1 13.1 11.6 10.6 10.0
7.7 7.1 6.0 5.3 5.1
7.6 6.9 5.8 5.0 4.8
7.8 7.4 6.3 5.7 5.5
5.1 5.1 4.5 3.9 3.9
7.6 7.6 6.9 6.2 6.0
3.5 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.1
6.2 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
5.3 6.6 7.2 6.6 5.9
9.8 11.8 12.5 11.7 11.3
5.7 7.1 7.8 7.1 6.3
4.8 7.8 8.0 7.4 5.4
11.1 15.5 16.8 14.4 11.8
5.8 7.3 7.8 7.2 5.6
5.8 7.5 8.0 7.1 5.2
5.8 6.9 7.6 7.4 6.0
3.9 5.3 5.5 5.1 4.8
6.4 7.6 8.4 7.8 7.4
3.0 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.6
5.0 5.8 6.5 6.1 5.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
5.4 5.2 4.7 4.3 4.0
11.1 10.2 9.1 8.3 8.9
5.7 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.3
5.2 5.1 3.8 3.2 5.7
11.5 10.1 9.0 7.5 7.0
4.9 4.8 4.2 3.9 3.6
4.4 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.5
5.7 5.2 5.1 4.7 3.9
4.5 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.0
6.5 6.4 6.2 5.5 5.2
3.3 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.3
5.2 5.2 4.5 4.4 4.0
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes
private household members, not shown separately.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
113
Table 1-36. Unemployed Persons by Duration of Unemployment, 1948–2003 (Thousands of people.) 15 weeks and over Year
Total
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks Total
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
1948 ............................................................................ 1949 ............................................................................
2 276 3 637
1 300 1 756
669 1 194
309 684
193 428
116 256
8.6 10.0
... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
3 288 2 055 1 883 1 834 3 532
1 450 1 177 1 135 1 142 1 605
1 055 574 516 482 1 116
782 303 232 210 812
425 166 148 132 495
357 137 84 78 317
12.1 9.7 8.4 8.0 11.8
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
2 852 2 750 2 859 4 602 3 740
1 335 1 412 1 408 1 753 1 585
815 805 891 1 396 1 114
702 533 560 1 452 1 040
366 301 321 785 469
336 232 239 667 571
13.0 11.3 10.5 13.9 14.4
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
3 852 4 714 3 911 4 070 3 786
1 719 1 806 1 663 1 751 1 697
1 176 1 376 1 134 1 231 1 117
957 1 532 1 119 1 088 973
503 728 534 535 491
454 804 585 553 482
12.8 15.6 14.7 14.0 13.3
... ... ... ... ...
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
3 366 2 875 2 975 2 817 2 832
1 628 1 573 1 634 1 594 1 629
983 779 893 810 827
755 526 448 412 375
404 287 271 256 242
351 239 177 156 133
11.8 10.4 8.7 8.4 7.8
... ... 2.3 4.5 4.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
2 139 2 245 2 242 2 224 2 604
1 290 1 585 1 472 1 314 1 597
663 1 187 1 167 826 955
428 668 601 483 574
235 519 566 343 381
8.6 11.3 12.0 10.0 9.8
4.9 6.3 6.2 5.2 5.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
2 940 2 844 2 919 2 865 2 950
2 484 2 196 2 132 1 923 1 946
2 505 2 366 1 942 1 414 1 241
1 303 1 018 913 766 706
1 203 1 348 1 028 648 535
14.2 15.8 14.3 11.9 10.8
8.4 8.2 7.0 5.9 5.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
3 295 3 449 3 883 3 570 3 350
2 470 2 539 3 311 2 937 2 451
1 871 2 285 3 485 4 210 2 737
1 052 1 122 1 708 1 652 1 104
820 1 162 1 776 2 559 1 634
11.9 13.7 15.6 20.0 18.2
6.5 6.9 8.7 10.1 7.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
3 498 3 448 3 246 3 084 3 174
2 509 2 557 2 196 2 007 1 978
2 305 2 232 1 983 1 610 1 375
1 025 1 045 943 801 730
1 280 1 187 1 040 809 646
15.6 15.0 14.5 13.5 11.9
6.8 6.9 6.5 5.9 4.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
3 265 3 480 3 376 3 262 2 728
2 257 2 791 2 830 2 584 2 408
1 525 2 357 3 408 3 094 2 860
822 1 246 1 453 1 297 1 237
703 1 111 1 954 1 798 1 623
12.0 13.7 17.7 18.0 18.8
5.3 6.8 8.7 8.3 9.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
2 700 2 633 2 538 2 622 2 568
2 342 2 287 2 138 1 950 1 832
2 363 2 316 2 062 1 637 1 480
1 085 1 053 995 763 755
1 278 1 262 1 067 875 725
16.6 16.7 15.8 14.5 13.4
8.3 8.3 8.0 6.7 6.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774
2 558 2 853 2 893 2 785
1 815 2 196 2 580 2 612
1 318 1 752 2 904 3 378
669 951 1 369 1 442
649 801 1 535 1 936
12.6 13.1 16.6 19.2
5.9 6.8 9.1 10.1
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. . . . = Not available.
114
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-37. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2000–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry and occupation
2000
2001
2002
2003
UNEMPLOYED 15 WEEKS AND OVER Total ......................................................................................................
1318
1752
2904
3378
32 7 107 184 99 86 186 57 33 58 143 124 146 54 41
44 7 130 303 183 120 241 71 52 75 217 149 196 58 36
39 11 236 528 348 180 423 124 119 131 377 232 279 95 51
44 17 262 575 389 186 472 132 128 144 440 300 328 132 59
213 246 331 161 273
313 323 419 212 360
603 447 759 346 575
692 564 810 424 654
649
801
1 535
1 936
13 4 44 100 50 50 80 27 18 32 67 63 69 26 23
16 3 60 132 75 57 114 33 21 34 90 71 90 31 18
18 5 111 291 191 100 226 67 62 131 377 232 279 95 51
21 10 132 366 255 111 261 74 80 88 262 167 166 71 33
101 128 151 74 140
135 156 185 96 162
340 225 397 164 313
429 295 459 229 388
WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS BY INDUSTRY 1 Agriculture and related industries ......................................................... Mining ................................................................................................... Construction .......................................................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................................................... Durable goods .................................................................................. Nondurable goods ............................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade .................................................................... Transportation and utilities .................................................................... Information ............................................................................................ Financial activities ................................................................................. Professional and business services ...................................................... Education and health services .............................................................. Leisure and hospitality .......................................................................... Other services ....................................................................................... Public administration .............................................................................
EXPERIENCED WORKERS BY OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Production, transportation and material moving occupations ...............
UNEMPLOYED 27 WEEKS AND OVER Total ...................................................................................................... WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS BY INDUSTRY 1 Agriculture and related industries ......................................................... Mining ................................................................................................... Construction .......................................................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................................................... Durable goods .................................................................................. Nondurable goods ............................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade .................................................................... Transportation and utilities .................................................................... Information ............................................................................................ Financial activities ................................................................................. Professional and business services ...................................................... Education and health services .............................................................. Leisure and hospitality .......................................................................... Other services ....................................................................................... Public administration .............................................................................
EXPERIENCED WORKERS BY OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Production, transportation and material moving occupations ...............
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes
wage and salary workers only.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
115
Table 1-38. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 (Thousands of people.) Industry and occupation
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
UNEMPLOYED 15 WEEKS AND OVER Total ................................................................................
1 610
1 375
1 525
2 357
3 408
3 094
2 860
2 363
2316
2 062
1 637
1480
39 28 169 361 228 133 86 295 405 55
32 15 153 299 177 123 74 268 350 42
31 11 162 353 221 132 75 303 403 36
47 23 285 525 334 192 130 448 615 66
57 25 402 725 457 268 190 699 921 71
56 27 330 655 394 262 171 630 840 85
72 21 238 482 283 199 171 628 825 79
58 13 233 371 198 172 135 493 711 57
65 11 208 374 207 168 118 486 729 63
50 9 171 309 155 154 103 456 645 50
44 3 134 230 115 115 80 359 533 44
41 ... 127 221 137 84 74 318 460 45
164 338 232 215 462 63
156 281 209 193 376 48
184 352 215 211 413 43
310 543 308 363 618 62
473 858 427 533 810 75
429 773 404 460 722 82
371 699 470 335 640 113
320 553 407 287 517 81
316 558 396 262 516 91
258 487 376 222 457 75
211 393 320 161 341 63
214 347 271 147 322 57
809
646
703
1 111
1 954
1 798
1 623
1 278
1 262
1 067
875
725
16 17 78 194 128 66 46 154 191 28
13 8 66 146 85 62 39 120 160 22
13 5 69 168 102 65 34 139 179 20
17 13 125 255 160 95 67 203 293 32
26 19 219 455 294 162 120 378 527 45
26 16 188 392 237 155 102 368 492 53
36 14 125 282 170 113 107 350 452 50
27 9 125 203 108 95 77 259 380 32
29 7 105 207 116 90 62 251 409 37
25 4 78 167 84 83 53 218 333 30
20 2 66 113 58 56 49 191 282 27
17 ... 55 108 67 41 38 151 228 24
73 162 125 108 247 29
73 119 97 98 183 22
86 152 104 95 197 17
153 247 146 169 302 25
290 498 231 308 480 33
266 460 234 270 416 39
214 389 268 184 373 57
181 289 228 156 276 41
177 295 220 144 280 42
143 232 209 108 234 39
112 206 177 84 177 27
107 157 148 66 156 26
WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS BY INDUSTRY 1 Agriculture ....................................................................... Mining .............................................................................. Construction .................................................................... Manufacturing ................................................................. Durable goods ............................................................. Nondurable goods ....................................................... Transportation and public utilities .................................... Wholesale and retail trade .............................................. Finance and services ...................................................... Public administration .......................................................
EXPERIENCED WORKERS BY OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty ............................ Technical, sales, and administrative support .................. Service occupations ........................................................ Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ Operators, fabricators, and laborers ............................... Farming, forestry, and fishing ..........................................
UNEMPLOYED 27 WEEKS AND OVER Total ................................................................................ WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS BY INDUSTRY 1 Agriculture ....................................................................... Mining .............................................................................. Construction .................................................................... Manufacturing ................................................................. Durable goods ............................................................. Nondurable goods ....................................................... Transportation and public utilities .................................... Wholesale and retail trade .............................................. Finance and services ...................................................... Public administration .......................................................
EXPERIENCED WORKERS BY OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty ............................ Technical, sales, and administrative support .................. Service occupations ........................................................ Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ Operators, fabricators, and laborers ............................... Farming, forestry, and fishing ..........................................
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes
wage and salary workers only. . . . = Not available.
116
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-39. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Sex, Age, and Reason for Unemployment, 1970–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Number of unemployed Year and sex
Unemployed as a percent of the total civilian labor force Entrants
Total
Job losers
Entrants
Job leavers
Job losers Reentrants
Job leavers
New entrants
Reentrants
New entrants
TOTAL 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
1 811 2 323 2 108 1 694 2 242
550 590 641 683 768
1 228 1 472 1 456 1 340 1 463
504 630 677 649 681
2.2 2.8 2.4 1.9 2.4
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
4 386 3 679 3 166 2 585 2 635
827 903 909 874 880
1 892 1 928 1 963 1 857 1 806
823 895 953 885 817
4.7 3.8 3.2 2.5 2.5
0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8
2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7
0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
3 947 4 267 6 268 6 258 4 421
891 923 840 830 823
1 927 2 102 2 384 2 412 2 184
872 981 1 185 1 216 1 110
3.7 3.9 5.7 5.6 3.9
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7
1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.9
0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
4 139 4 033 3 566 3 092 2 983
877 1 015 965 983 1 024
2 256 2 160 1 974 1 809 1 843
1 039 1 029 920 816 677
3.6 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.4
0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
3 387 4 694 5 389 4 848 3 815
1 041 1 004 1 002 976 791
1 930 2 139 2 285 2 198 2 786
688 792 937 919 604
2.7 3.7 4.2 3.8 2.9
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6
1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
3 476 3 370 3 037 2 822 2 622
824 774 795 734 783
2 525 2 512 2 338 2 132 2 005
579 580 569 520 469
2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6
1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774
2 517 3 476 4 607 4 838
780 835 866 818
1 961 2 031 2 368 2 477
434 459 536 641
1.8 2.4 3.2 3.3
0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
MEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 638 2 097 1 948 1 624 1 957
1 066 1 391 1 219 959 1 276
209 239 248 258 276
318 411 420 350 356
44 57 60 56 48
2.2 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.5
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 476 3 098 2 794 2 328 2 308
2 598 2 167 1 816 1 433 1 464
298 323 335 337 325
506 521 540 471 446
76 86 103 86 73
5.0 4.1 3.4 2.6 2.6
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 353 3 615 5 089 5 257 3 932
2 389 2 565 3 965 4 088 2 800
359 356 327 336 324
516 592 678 695 663
90 102 119 138 146
4.2 4.5 6.8 6.9 4.7
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 715 3 751 3 369 2 987 2 867
2 568 2 568 2 289 1 939 1 843
352 444 413 416 394
671 611 558 534 541
124 128 108 98 88
4.3 4.1 3.7 3.1 2.9
0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6
1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 239 4 195 4 717 4 287 3 627
2 100 2 982 3 420 2 996 2 296
431 411 421 429 367
626 698 765 747 898
82 105 111 114 65
3.2 4.6 5.2 4.5 3.4
0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 239 3 146 2 882 2 580 2 433
2 051 2 043 1 795 1 588 1 459
356 322 358 318 336
775 731 675 611 592
57 51 55 63 46
3.0 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.1
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 376 3 040 3 896 4 209
1 416 1 999 2 702 2 899
328 372 386 376
577 612 743 846
55 56 65 88
2.0 2.7 3.7 3.9
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
117
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-39. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Sex, Age, and Reason for Unemployment, 1970–2003— Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Number of unemployed Year and sex
Unemployed as a percent of the total civilian labor force Entrants
Total
Job losers
Entrants
Job leavers
Job losers Reentrants
Job leavers
New entrants
Reentrants
New entrants
WOMEN, 20 YEARS AND OVER 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 349 1 658 1 625 1 507 1 777
546 700 641 522 685
214 235 264 280 319
531 651 641 625 673
58 72 80 80 100
1.9 2.5 2.2 1.6 2.1
0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0
1.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1
0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 684 2 588 2 535 2 292 2 276
1 339 1 124 1 031 852 851
375 427 419 371 370
858 912 945 930 908
114 126 140 138 145
4.0 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.1
1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9
2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 615 2 895 3 613 3 632 3 107
1 170 1 317 1 844 1 801 1 350
376 404 379 384 386
930 1 023 1 197 1 235 1 151
139 151 192 212 220
2.8 3.1 4.2 4.0 2.9
0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8
2.3 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 129 3 032 2 709 2 487 2 467
1 296 1 225 1 067 946 942
412 426 406 408 430
1 195 1 175 1 041 965 958
227 206 194 168 137
2.7 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.8
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
2.5 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.8
0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 596 3 074 3 469 3 288 3 049
1 054 1 423 1 710 1 619 1 334
429 413 433 395 339
966 1 075 1 142 1 098 1 253
146 163 183 176 122
2.0 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.4
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6
1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 819 2 783 2 585 2 424 2 285
1 211 1 145 1 069 1 053 990
366 361 333 330 333
1 135 1 156 1 057 944 866
107 120 126 97 96
2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.6
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 235 2 599 3 228 3 314
943 1 291 1 708 1 751
343 365 389 357
868 850 1 028 1 076
80 92 102 130
1.5 2.0 2.7 2.7
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.4 1.3 1.6 1.7
0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
BOTH SEXES, 16 TO 19 YEARS 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 106 1 262 1 308 1 235 1 422
200 233 248 212 280
126 117 129 146 173
378 410 395 364 436
401 501 536 513 533
2.8 3.1 3.1 2.4 3.1
1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0
5.2 5.5 4.9 4.3 4.9
5.5 6.7 6.6 6.0 6.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 767 1 719 1 663 1 583 1 555
450 387 318 300 319
155 153 156 167 184
529 496 477 455 452
634 683 711 660 599
5.1 4.3 3.4 3.1 3.3
1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9
6.0 5.5 5.1 4.7 4.7
7.1 7.5 7.6 6.8 6.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 669 1 763 1 977 1 829 1 499
388 385 460 370 271
156 162 134 110 114
481 487 509 482 370
643 728 874 867 745
4.1 4.3 5.4 4.6 3.4
1.7 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.4
5.1 5.4 6.0 5.9 4.7
6.9 8.1 10.2 10.6 9.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 468 1 454 1 347 1 226 1 194
275 240 210 207 198
113 145 146 159 200
390 374 375 310 345
689 695 617 550 452
3.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5
1.4 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.5
4.9 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.3
8.7 8.8 7.7 6.8 5.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 212 1 359 1 427 1 365 1 320
233 289 259 233 185
181 180 149 151 84
338 365 377 353 634
460 524 643 628 416
3.0 4.0 3.6 3.3 2.5
2.3 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.1
4.3 5.0 5.3 4.9 8.5
5.9 7.2 9.1 8.8 5.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 346 1 306 1 271 1 205 1 162
214 182 174 181 173
102 91 104 86 114
615 625 606 577 547
415 409 388 361 328
2.8 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1
1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.4
7.9 8.0 7.6 7.0 6.6
5.3 5.2 4.9 4.4 3.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 081 1 162 1 253 1 251
157 185 197 188
109 98 91 85
516 568 597 554
299 311 368 424
1.9 2.3 2.6 2.6
1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
6.2 7.2 7.9 7.7
3.6 3.9 4.9 5.9
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
118
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-40. Percentage of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Age, 1987–2003
Year
Total
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
TOTAL 1987 ...................................................... 1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
69.7 70.2 70.5
51.8 50.6 51.9
76.6 75.5 75.4
85.5 85.7 84.9
85.7 86.0 86.6
86.1 86.8 86.9
81.6 82.2 82.8
69.4 70.5 70.4
51.3 52.2 52.5
26.2 27.9 28.4
10.2 10.3 10.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
70.2 69.5 69.1 69.2 69.6
48.6 43.4 43.8 42.1 44.1
74.2 70.8 69.9 70.4 71.5
84.1 83.4 82.7 82.0 82.5
86.2 85.9 85.2 85.0 85.5
87.0 86.6 85.9 85.3 85.6
82.8 83.0 82.8 82.8 83.8
70.9 70.3 70.8 71.6 72.2
53.4 52.9 53.5 51.6 52.8
28.3 27.2 25.5 27.5 27.5
10.2 9.8 9.8 10.7 10.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
69.6 69.9 70.1 70.1 70.7
44.4 43.3 43.6 42.1 43.7
71.2 70.5 70.5 69.9 71.2
82.0 83.1 83.0 82.9 82.7
85.6 86.1 87.1 86.7 87.3
85.9 85.7 85.9 86.3 86.9
83.4 84.3 84.4 84.2 85.0
72.2 73.3 73.8 73.7 72.3
53.3 54.3 53.8 54.5 55.8
28.0 27.8 28.5 29.2 30.5
10.2 10.4 10.0 10.6 11.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
70.5 69.4 68.5 67.8
42.2 37.7 34.5 32.0
69.6 66.7 62.8 61.7
82.6 80.8 78.5 77.5
87.1 86.1 84.4 83.7
87.0 85.8 85.0 84.0
84.6 83.7 83.7 82.9
72.9 73.5 74.7 73.9
55.1 56.7 56.8 56.5
30.8 30.6 33.1 33.2
11.4 10.5 10.4 11.4
1987 ...................................................... 1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
78.9 79.1 79.4
52.4 51.8 53.2
77.4 78.9 77.7
90.4 90.7 89.9
94.3 94.3 94.7
94.1 94.6 94.7
91.9 91.6 91.9
83.3 82.1 82.0
63.2 63.1 64.2
34.2 35.6 35.4
15.4 15.6 15.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
78.9 77.9 77.4 76.8 77.2
50.3 45.4 46.6 43.9 44.4
76.7 72.2 73.7 71.4 74.7
88.7 87.9 87.1 86.6 87.2
94.4 93.5 93.3 92.5 92.9
94.7 93.6 92.8 92.0 92.0
91.3 91.3 89.9 89.3 90.0
82.0 81.5 80.9 79.8 81.3
65.8 63.6 63.2 59.1 61.4
35.8 35.0 32.4 34.3 33.9
14.0 14.4 14.3 15.3 14.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
77.0 77.2 77.1 76.9 77.3
43.7 44.1 43.4 40.4 44.7
73.6 71.8 70.3 71.6 72.3
86.4 86.7 86.6 86.4 85.5
92.6 93.4 94.1 93.5 93.9
92.2 92.1 92.3 92.7 93.2
89.7 90.4 90.7 90.1 89.9
81.5 81.8 81.4 81.7 79.2
62.1 62.5 62.9 63.5 65.1
34.5 33.6 33.8 35.5 37.4
14.9 15.2 13.9 14.7 16.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
77.1 76.3 75.2 74.3
42.1 37.4 34.7 32.8
70.2 67.7 62.8 61.7
85.1 84.8 82.1 80.2
93.4 93.2 91.6 90.8
93.6 92.2 91.8 90.9
89.8 89.1 88.9 87.7
80.6 80.4 80.7 80.9
64.4 64.3 64.3 63.1
38.4 37.8 39.3 37.3
16.0 14.5 14.6 15.8
1987 ...................................................... 1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
61.3 62.1 62.3
51.1 49.3 50.6
75.8 72.2 73.1
81.0 81.0 80.2
77.3 78.1 78.6
78.5 79.4 79.3
71.9 73.5 74.2
56.7 60.0 59.9
41.0 42.5 42.4
19.6 21.4 22.5
6.8 6.8 6.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.2 61.8 61.5 62.1 62.5
46.8 41.4 40.9 40.3 43.7
71.7 69.4 66.1 69.4 68.4
79.6 79.0 78.4 77.5 77.8
78.0 78.3 77.2 77.6 78.1
79.6 79.9 79.1 78.7 79.4
74.9 75.3 76.1 76.5 78.0
60.4 59.9 61.5 63.9 63.9
42.5 43.6 44.4 44.7 45.0
22.1 20.6 20.0 22.1 22.2
7.7 6.7 6.7 7.7 6.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.8 63.2 63.6 63.7 64.5
45.2 42.5 43.9 44.1 42.6
68.7 69.2 70.7 68.2 70.1
77.7 79.5 79.5 79.4 79.9
78.8 78.9 80.1 80.1 80.9
79.8 79.5 79.6 80.0 80.7
77.6 78.4 78.4 78.6 80.3
63.2 65.4 66.7 66.3 66.2
45.6 46.9 45.6 46.2 47.3
22.4 23.0 24.0 23.8 24.4
7.1 7.1 7.3 7.8 8.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
64.3 63.1 62.3 61.7
42.3 38.1 34.3 31.2
69.0 65.7 62.8 61.6
80.2 76.9 74.9 74.6
80.9 79.2 77.2 76.6
80.5 79.5 78.4 77.2
79.5 78.6 78.7 78.4
65.7 67.1 69.1 67.3
47.0 49.8 50.0 50.7
23.9 24.2 27.8 29.6
8.2 7.9 7.4 8.3
MEN
WOMEN
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
119
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-41. Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Industry and Class of Worker of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry and class of worker
2002
2003
TOTAL ..................................................................................................
151 546
151 553
Agriculture ....................................................................................... Wage and salary workers ............................................................. Self-employed workers ................................................................. Unpaid family workers ..................................................................
2 490 1 583 875 33
2 521 1 605 894 22
Nonagricultural industries ............................................................. Wage and salary workers ............................................................. Mining ....................................................................................... Construction .............................................................................. Manufacturing ........................................................................... Durable goods ...................................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade ........................................................ Wholesale trade .................................................................... Retail trade ........................................................................... Transportation and utilities ........................................................ Transportation and warehousing .......................................... Utilities .................................................................................. Information ................................................................................ Financial activities ..................................................................... Finance and insurance ......................................................... Real Estate and rental and leasing ....................................... Professional and business services .......................................... Professional, scientific and technical .................................... Management, admin, and waste management ..................... Education and health services .................................................. Educational services ............................................................. Health care and social assistance ........................................ Leisure and hospitality .............................................................. Arts, entertainment and recreation ....................................... Accommodation and food services ....................................... Other services and private household ...................................... Private households ............................................................... Public administration ................................................................. Self-employed workers ............................................................. Unpaid family workers ..............................................................
149 055 139 909 594 9 488 17 660 11 013 6 647 21 615 4 402 17 213 7 039 5 745 1 294 3 989 9 591 6 986 2 605 13 883 7 989 5 894 29 343 12 765 16 578 13 260 2 852 10 408 6 416 873 6 290 9 023 124
149 032 139 747 576 9 423 ... 10 622 6 727 21 650 4 691 16 959 6 934 5 736 1 198 3 755 9 822 7 135 2 687 13 485 7 855 5 629 29 571 13 026 16 544 13 110 2 789 10 321 6 529 897 6 734 9 169 116
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. . . . = Not available.
120
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-42. Number of Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2003 (Thousands of people.) Full-time Year and sex
Part-time
Total Total
50 to 52 weeks
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
Total
50 to 52 weeks
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
TOTAL 1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
128 315 130 451 132 817
100 288 102 131 104 876
77 015 79 627 81 117
13 361 12 875 14 271
9 912 9 629 9 488
28 027 28 320 27 941
10 973 11 384 11 275
6 594 6 624 6 987
10 460 10 312 9 679
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
133 535 133 410 133 912 136 354 138 468
105 323 104 472 104 813 106 299 108 141
80 932 80 385 81 523 83 384 85 764
14 758 14 491 13 587 13 054 13 051
9 633 9 596 9 703 9 861 9 326
28 212 28 938 29 099 30 055 30 327
11 507 11 946 12 326 12 818 12 936
7 012 7 003 6 841 6 777 6 956
9 693 9 989 9 932 10 460 10 435
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
139 724 142 201 143 968 145 566 148 295
110 063 112 313 113 879 116 412 119 096
88 173 90 252 92 631 95 772 97 941
12 970 12 997 12 508 12 156 12 294
8 920 9 064 8 740 8 484 8 861
29 661 29 888 30 089 29 155 29 199
12 725 13 382 13 810 13 538 13 680
6 831 6 643 6 565 6 480 6 317
10 105 9 863 9 714 9 137 9 202
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
149 361 151 042 151 546 151 553
120 591 121 921 121 726 121 158
100 349 100 357 100 659 100 700
12 071 13 172 12 544 11 972
8 171 8 392 8 523 8 486
28 770 29 121 29 819 30 395
13 865 14 038 14 635 15 333
6 161 6 139 6 184 6 027
8 744 8 944 9 000 9 035
1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
69 144 70 021 71 640
59 736 60 504 62 108
47 040 48 299 49 693
7 503 7 329 7 642
5 193 4 876 4 773
9 408 9 517 9 532
3 260 3 468 3 619
2 191 2 199 2 254
3 957 3 850 3 659
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
71 953 71 700 72 007 72 872 73 958
62 319 61 636 61 722 62 513 63 634
49 175 47 895 48 300 49 832 51 582
8 188 8 324 7 965 7 317 7 094
4 956 5 417 5 457 5 364 4 958
9 634 10 064 10 285 10 359 10 324
3 650 3 820 3 864 4 005 3 948
2 322 2 342 2 354 2 144 2 358
3 662 3 902 4 067 4 210 4 018
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
74 381 75 760 76 408 76 918 78 145
64 145 65 356 66 089 67 250 68 347
52 671 53 795 54 918 56 953 57 520
6 973 6 891 6 638 6 208 6 401
4 501 4 670 4 533 4 089 4 426
10 236 10 404 10 319 9 669 9 797
4 034 4 321 4 246 4 197 4 297
2 257 2 136 2 274 2 090 2 062
3 945 3 947 3 799 3 382 3 438
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
78 804 79 971 80 282 80 317
68 925 70 074 70 132 69 766
58 756 58 715 58 765 58 778
6 094 7 087 6 804 6 479
4 075 4 272 4 563 4 509
9 879 9 897 10 151 10 551
4 485 4 306 4 519 5 042
1 957 1 989 2 042 1 872
3 437 3 602 3 590 3 637
MEN
WOMEN 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
59 171 60 430 61 178 61 582 61 712 61 904 63 481 64 511
40 552 41 627 42 768 43 004 42 837 43 090 43 785 44 508
29 975 31 328 31 424 31 757 32 491 33 223 33 552 34 182
5 858 5 546 6 629 6 570 6 167 5 621 5 736 5 957
4 719 4 753 4 715 4 677 4 179 4 246 4 497 4 369
18 619 18 803 18 410 18 578 18 875 18 814 19 696 20 003
7 713 7 916 7 656 7 857 8 126 8 462 8 813 8 988
4 403 4 425 4 733 4 690 4 662 4 487 4 633 4 598
6 503 6 462 6 021 6 031 6 087 5 865 6 250 6 417
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
65 342 66 439 67 559 68 648 70 150
45 917 46 955 47 790 49 162 50 748
35 502 36 457 37 713 38 819 40 421
5 997 6 105 5 870 5 948 5 892
4 418 4 393 4 207 4 395 4 435
19 425 19 484 19 769 19 486 19 402
8 691 9 061 9 564 9 341 9 383
4 574 4 507 4 291 4 390 4 255
6 160 5 916 5 914 5 755 5 764
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
70 556 71 071 71 263 71 236
51 665 51 848 51 593 51 391
41 593 41 642 41 893 41 921
5 977 6 085 5 741 5 493
4 095 4 120 3 959 3 977
18 891 19 223 19 671 19 844
9 380 9 731 10 117 10 291
4 204 4 150 4 143 4 155
5 307 5 342 5 411 5 398
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
121
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-43. Percentage Distribution of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2003 (Percent of total people with work experience.) Full-time Year and sex
Total Total
50 to 52 weeks
Part-time
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
Total
50 to 52 weeks
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
TOTAL 1987 .................................................................. 1988 .................................................................. 1989 ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
78.1 78.3 78.9
60.0 61.0 61.1
10.4 9.9 10.7
7.7 7.4 7.1
21.9 21.7 21.1
8.6 8.7 8.5
5.1 5.1 5.3
8.2 7.9 7.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
78.9 78.4 78.2 78.0 78.0
60.6 60.3 60.9 61.2 61.9
11.1 10.9 10.1 9.6 9.4
7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.7
21.2 21.7 21.7 22.1 21.8
8.6 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.3
5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0
7.3 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
78.8 79.0 79.1 80.0 80.3
63.1 63.5 64.3 65.8 66.0
9.3 9.1 8.7 8.4 8.3
6.4 6.4 6.1 5.8 6.0
21.2 21.0 20.9 20.1 19.7
9.1 9.4 9.6 9.3 9.2
4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.3
7.2 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
80.8 80.7 80.3 79.9
67.2 66.4 66.4 66.4
8.1 8.7 8.3 7.9
5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6
19.3 19.3 19.7 20.1
9.3 9.3 9.7 10.1
4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0
5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0
1987 .................................................................. 1988 .................................................................. 1989 ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
86.4 86.5 86.8
68.0 69.0 69.4
10.9 10.5 10.7
7.5 7.0 6.7
13.6 13.6 13.3
4.7 5.0 5.1
3.2 3.1 3.1
5.7 5.5 5.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
86.6 86.0 85.8 85.8 86.0
68.3 66.8 67.1 68.4 69.7
11.4 11.6 11.1 10.0 9.6
6.9 7.6 7.6 7.4 6.7
13.4 14.0 14.3 14.2 13.9
5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.3
3.2 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.2
5.1 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
86.3 86.3 86.5 87.4 87.5
70.8 71.0 71.9 74.0 73.6
9.4 9.1 8.7 8.1 8.2
6.1 6.2 5.9 5.3 5.7
13.7 13.7 13.6 12.6 12.5
5.4 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5
3.0 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.6
5.3 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
87.5 87.6 87.4 86.9
74.6 73.4 73.2 73.2
7.7 8.9 8.5 8.1
5.2 5.3 5.7 5.6
12.6 12.4 12.6 13.1
5.7 5.4 5.6 6.3
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3
4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5
1987 .................................................................. 1988 .................................................................. 1989 ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
68.6 68.9 69.9
50.7 51.8 51.4
9.9 9.2 10.8
8.0 7.9 7.7
31.4 31.1 30.0
13.0 13.1 12.5
7.4 7.3 7.7
11.0 10.7 9.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
69.9 69.4 69.7 69.0 69.0
51.6 52.6 53.7 52.9 53.0
10.7 10.0 9.1 9.0 9.2
7.6 6.8 6.9 7.1 6.8
30.2 30.7 30.4 31.0 30.9
12.8 13.2 13.7 13.9 13.9
7.6 7.6 7.2 7.3 7.1
9.8 9.9 9.5 9.8 9.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
70.3 70.7 70.7 71.6 72.3
54.3 54.9 55.8 56.5 57.6
9.2 9.2 8.7 8.7 8.4
6.8 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.3
29.7 29.3 29.4 28.4 27.7
13.3 13.6 14.2 13.6 13.4
7.0 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.1
9.4 8.9 8.8 8.4 8.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
73.2 73.0 72.5 72.1
58.9 58.6 58.8 58.8
8.5 8.6 8.1 7.7
5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6
26.8 27.0 27.6 27.8
13.3 13.7 14.2 14.4
6.0 5.8 5.8 5.8
7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6
MEN
WOMEN
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
122
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-44. Extent of Unemployment During the Year by Sex, 1991–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Sex and extent of unemployment
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Total Who Worked Or Looked For Work ........................... 135826 Percent with unemployment .................................................. 15.7
136654 15.7
139786 14.7
141325 13.4
142413 12.7
144528 11.6
146096 10.7
147295 9.5
149798 8.7
150786 8.1
153056 10.4
154205 10.9
154315 10.7
Total With Unemployment .................................................. Did not work but looked for work ........................................... Worked during the year ......................................................... Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment .. Part-year workers with unemployment .............................. 1 to 4 weeks ................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks ................................................................. 11 to 14 weeks ............................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................... 27 weeks or more ..........................................................
21 276 2 415 18 861 966 17 895 3 224 3 655 2 587 4 927 3 502
21 455 2 742 18 714 871 17 843 2 944 3 496 2 574 4 877 3 952
20 527 3 432 17 094 688 16 406 2 626 2 898 2 300 4 549 4 033
18 966 2 857 16 109 746 15 363 2 788 2 983 2 265 4 158 3 169
18 067 2 690 15 377 715 14 662 2 812 2 725 2 147 4 013 2 965
16 789 2 329 14 460 589 13 871 2 550 2 671 2 020 3 662 2 968
15 637 2 129 13 508 611 12 897 2 582 2 601 1 822 3 378 2 514
14 044 1 729 12 316 630 11 686 2 323 2 495 1 701 3 019 2 148
13 068 1 503 11 566 562 11 004 2 361 2 218 1 594 2 803 2 028
12 269 1 425 10 845 573 10 272 2 233 2 014 1 505 2 641 1 879
15 843 2 014 13 829 602 13 227 2 368 2 557 2 038 3 683 2 582
16 824 2 660 14 164 584 13 580 2 002 2 373 1 970 3 848 3 387
16 462 2 762 13 699 534 13 165 1 839 2 264 1 749 3 778 3 535
With 2 spells or more of unemployment ........................ 2 spells ....................................................................... 3 spells or more .........................................................
5 864 2 738 3 126
5 734 2 698 3 036
5 338 2 572 2 766
4 783 2 207 2 576
4 468 1 963 2 505
4 237 1 982 2 255
4 044 1 853 2 191
3 628 1 650 1 978
3 225 1 449 1 776
3 079 1 397 1 682
3 421 1 643 1 779
3 226 1 556 1 670
3 093 1 585 1 508
Total Who Worked Or Looked For Work ........................... Percent with unemployment ..................................................
72 909 17.3
73 387 17.5
74 516 15.7
75 244 14.1
75 698 13.2
76 786 11.9
77 385 11.1
77 704 9.4
78 905 9.0
79 546 8.6
80 975 11.0
81 651 11.8
81 804 11.4
Total With Unemployment .................................................. Did not work but looked for work ........................................... Worked during the year ......................................................... Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment .. Part-year workers with unemployment .............................. 1 to 4 weeks ................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks ................................................................. 11 to 14 weeks ............................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................... 27 weeks or more ..........................................................
12 642 1 210 11 432 612 10 820 1 591 2 111 1 659 3 206 2 253
12 844 1 379 11 466 567 10 899 1 563 2 039 1 615 3 165 2 517
11 723 1 641 10 082 449 9 633 1 343 1 647 1 354 2 862 2 427
10 582 1 286 9 296 527 8 769 1 365 1 666 1 370 2 449 1 919
9 996 1 317 8 679 462 8 217 1 398 1 434 1 253 2 439 1 693
9 157 1 026 8 130 395 7 735 1 272 1 478 1 258 2 076 1 651
8 604 978 7 626 382 7 244 1 275 1 474 1 068 1 949 1 478
7 284 787 6 497 386 6 111 1 085 1 363 980 1 585 1 098
7 091 760 6 332 373 5 959 1 166 1 168 937 1 655 1 033
6 806 742 6 064 379 5 685 1 070 1 135 880 1 595 1 005
8 928 1 004 7 924 421 7 502 1 247 1 446 1 207 2 191 1 412
9 621 1 369 8 252 365 7 887 1 075 1 342 1 186 2 282 2 002
9 339 1 487 7 854 359 7 495 958 1 314 1 039 2 178 2 006
With 2 spells or more of unemployment ........................ 2 spells ....................................................................... 3 spells or more .........................................................
3 886 1 742 2 144
3 889 1 781 2 108
3 451 1 580 1 871
2 940 1 266 1 674
2 793 1 110 1 683
2 554 1 109 1 445
2 437 1 078 1 359
2 014 880 1 134
1 845 787 1 058
1 809 804 1 005
2 100 1 002 1 099
1 920 914 1 006
1 882 946 936
Total Who Worked Or Looked For Work ........................... Percent with unemployment ..................................................
62 917 13.7
63 267 13.6
65 270 13.5
66 081 12.7
66 716 12.1
67 742 11.3
68 710 10.2
69 591 9.7
70 893 8.4
71 240 7.7
72 081 9.6
72 554 9.9
72 511 9.8
Total With Unemployment .................................................. Did not work but looked for work ........................................... Worked during the year ......................................................... Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment .. Part-year workers with unemployment .............................. 1 to 4 weeks ................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks ................................................................. 11 to 14 weeks ............................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................... 27 weeks or more ..........................................................
8 634 1 205 7 427 354 7 073 1 633 1 544 927 1 720 1 249
8 611 1 363 7 247 304 6 943 1 380 1 457 959 1 712 1 435
8 804 1 791 7 014 239 6 775 1 284 1 252 946 1 687 1 606
8 383 1 570 6 813 219 6 594 1 422 1 317 896 1 708 1 251
8 070 1 373 6 696 253 6 443 1 413 1 291 893 1 574 1 272
7 632 1 303 6 330 194 6 136 1 279 1 192 762 1 586 1 317
7 033 1 151 5 882 229 5 653 1 307 1 127 754 1 429 1 036
6 760 942 5 816 243 5 573 1 237 1 131 721 1 434 1 050
5 976 743 5 234 189 5 045 1 194 1 050 657 1 148 996
5 463 683 4 779 193 4 586 1 164 878 625 1 045 874
6 915 1 010 5 905 180 5 725 1 121 1 111 831 1 492 1 170
7 203 1 291 5 913 220 5 693 927 1 031 784 1 566 1 385
7 123 1 275 5 848 176 5 672 882 950 710 1 600 1 530
With 2 spells or more of unemployment ........................ 2 spells ....................................................................... 3 spells or more .........................................................
1 979 997 982
1 844 916 928
1 887 992 895
1 843 941 902
1 675 853 822
1 682 872 810
1 607 775 832
1 614 770 844
1 379 662 717
1 270 593 677
1 321 641 680
1 306 642 664
1 211 639 572
TOTAL
MEN
WOMEN
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
123
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-45. Percentage Distribution of Persons with Unemployment During the Year by Sex and Extent of Unemployment, 1991–2003
Sex and extent of unemployment
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Total With Unemployment Who Worked During The Year .............. Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ..................... Part-year workers with unemployment .................................................. 1 to 4 weeks ...................................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks .................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks .................................................................................. 15 to 26 weeks .................................................................................. 27 weeks or more ..............................................................................
100.0 5.1 94.8 17.1 19.4 13.7 26.1 18.5
100.0 4.7 95.4 15.7 18.7 13.8 26.1 21.1
100.0 4.0 96.1 15.4 17.0 13.5 26.6 23.6
100.0 4.6 95.4 17.3 18.5 14.1 25.8 19.7
100.0 4.6 95.4 18.3 17.7 14.0 26.1 19.3
100.0 4.1 96.0 17.6 18.5 14.0 25.3 20.6
100.0 4.5 95.5 19.1 19.3 13.5 25.0 18.6
100.0 5.1 95.0 18.9 20.3 13.8 24.5 17.5
100.0 4.9 95.1 20.4 19.2 13.8 24.2 17.5
100.0 5.3 94.8 20.6 18.6 13.9 24.4 17.3
100.0 4.4 95.6 17.1 18.5 14.7 26.6 18.7
100.0 4.1 95.9 14.1 16.8 13.9 27.2 23.9
100.0 3.9 96.1 13.4 16.5 12.8 27.6 25.8
With 2 spells or more of unemployment ............................................ 2 spells .......................................................................................... 3 spells or more .............................................................................
31.1 14.5 16.6
30.6 14.4 16.2
31.2 15.0 16.2
29.7 13.7 16.0
29.1 12.8 16.3
29.3 13.7 15.6
29.9 13.7 16.2
29.5 13.4 16.1
27.9 12.5 15.4
28.4 12.9 15.5
24.8 11.9 12.9
22.8 11.0 11.8
22.6 11.6 11.0
Total With Unemployment Who Worked During The Year .............. Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ..................... Part-year workers with unemployment .................................................. 1 to 4 weeks ...................................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks .................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks .................................................................................. 15 to 26 weeks .................................................................................. 27 weeks or more ..............................................................................
100.0 5.4 94.6 13.9 18.5 14.5 28.0 19.7
100.0 4.9 95.0 13.6 17.8 14.1 27.6 21.9
99.9 4.4 95.5 13.3 16.3 13.4 28.4 24.1
100.0 5.7 94.3 14.7 17.9 14.7 26.4 20.6
100.0 5.3 94.7 16.1 16.5 14.4 28.1 19.5
100.0 4.9 95.1 15.6 18.2 15.5 25.5 20.3
100.1 5.0 95.1 16.7 19.3 14.0 25.6 19.4
100.0 5.9 94.1 16.7 21.0 15.1 24.4 16.9
99.9 5.9 94.0 18.4 18.4 14.8 26.1 16.3
99.9 6.3 93.6 17.6 18.7 14.5 26.3 16.5
100.0 5.3 94.7 15.7 18.2 15.2 27.6 17.8
100.0 4.4 95.6 13.0 16.3 14.4 27.7 24.3
100.0 4.6 95.4 12.2 16.7 13.2 27.7 25.5
With 2 spells or more of unemployment ............................................ 2 spells .......................................................................................... 3 spells or more .............................................................................
34.0 15.2 18.8
33.9 15.5 18.4
34.3 15.7 18.6
31.6 13.6 18.0
32.2 12.8 19.4
31.4 13.6 17.8
31.9 14.1 17.8
31.0 13.5 17.5
29.1 12.4 16.7
29.9 13.3 16.6
26.5 12.6 13.9
23.3 11.1 12.2
24.0 12.1 11.9
Total With Unemployment Who Worked During The Year .............. Year-round workers with 1or 2 weeks of unemployment ...................... Part-year workers with unemployment .................................................. 1 to 4 weeks ...................................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks .................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks .................................................................................. 15 to 26 weeks .................................................................................. 27 weeks or more ..............................................................................
100.0 4.8 95.3 22.0 20.8 12.5 23.2 16.8
100.0 4.2 95.7 19.0 20.1 13.2 23.6 19.8
100.0 3.4 96.6 18.3 17.8 13.5 24.1 22.9
100.0 3.2 96.7 20.9 19.3 13.1 25.1 18.3
100.0 3.8 96.2 21.1 19.3 13.3 23.5 19.0
100.0 3.1 96.9 20.2 18.8 12.0 25.1 20.8
100.0 3.9 96.1 22.2 19.2 12.8 24.3 17.6
100.0 4.2 95.8 21.3 19.4 12.4 24.7 18.0
100.0 3.6 96.4 22.8 20.1 12.6 21.9 19.0
100.0 4.0 96.0 24.3 18.4 13.1 21.9 18.3
100.0 3.1 96.9 19.0 18.8 14.1 25.3 19.8
100.0 3.7 96.3 15.7 17.4 13.3 26.5 23.4
100.0 3.0 97.0 15.1 16.2 12.1 27.4 26.2
With 2 spells or more of unemployment ............................................ 2 spells .......................................................................................... 3 spells or more .............................................................................
26.6 13.4 13.2
25.4 12.6 12.8
26.9 14.1 12.8
27.0 13.8 13.2
25.0 12.7 12.3
26.6 13.8 12.8
27.3 13.2 14.1
27.7 13.2 14.5
26.3 12.6 13.7
26.6 12.4 14.2
22.4 10.9 11.5
22.1 10.9 11.2
20.7 10.9 9.8
TOTAL
MEN
WOMEN
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
124
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-46. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people, dollars.) Age, sex and race
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Total, 16 Years And Over ................................. 16 to 24 years .................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................ 35 to 44 years ................................................ 45 to 54 years .................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................... 65 years and over ..............................................
74 728 6 978 45 086 23 201 21 885 14 070 7 458 1 137
74 449 6 571 44 811 22 541 22 270 14 718 7 219 1 130
75 517 6 224 45 022 22 469 22 553 15 652 7 590 1 029
77 427 6 685 45 951 22 637 23 314 16 424 7 208 1 159
79 875 6 684 47 150 23 193 23 957 17 366 7 500 1 174
83 407 6 892 48 695 23 310 25 385 18 436 8 122 1 263
85 611 6 809 49 225 23 071 26 154 19 714 8 455 1 408
86 905 7 063 49 513 23 186 26 327 20 109 8 901 1 318
89 748 7 618 50 264 23 048 27 216 21 274 9 273 1 318
91 722 7 631 50 532 22 952 27 580 22 375 9 594 1 590
94 359 8 384 51 159 23 044 28 115 23 307 9 870 1 639
94 531 7 989 49 939 22 744 27 195 23 855 10 948 1 800
94 526 7 903 49 120 22 657 26 463 23 999 11 584 1 921
94 731 7 631 48 343 22 512 25 831 24 507 12 207 2 042
Men, 16 Years And Over .................................. 16 to 24 years .................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................ 35 to 44 years ................................................ 45 to 54 years .................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................... 65 years and over ..............................................
44 574 3 982 27 069 13 941 13 128 8 168 4 650 705
43 523 3 596 26 353 13 303 13 050 8 479 4 403 694
43 894 3 457 26 335 13 146 13 189 8 908 4 588 606
45 494 3 853 27 161 13 400 13 761 9 522 4 238 719
47 255 3 918 28 000 13 749 14 251 10 120 4 460 757
49 334 4 094 28 940 13 844 15 096 10 589 4 884 827
50 407 3 942 29 282 13 817 15 465 11 372 4 908 903
50 772 4 021 29 453 13 735 15 718 11 388 5 133 775
52 509 4 479 29 763 13 612 16 151 12 030 5 438 801
53 132 4 347 29 738 13 471 16 267 12 546 5 498 1 003
54 477 4 602 30 080 13 497 16 583 13 045 5 693 1 057
54 630 4 605 29 271 13 386 15 885 13 363 6 253 1 138
54 420 4 570 28 855 13 400 15 455 13 330 6 502 1 163
54 575 4 421 28 499 13 288 15 211 13 616 6 872 1 165
Women, 16 Years And Over ............................ 16 to 24 years .................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................ 35 to 44 years ................................................ 45 to 54 years .................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................... 65 years and over ..............................................
30 155 2 995 18 017 9 260 8 757 5 902 2 808 433
30 925 2 976 18 458 9 238 9 220 6 239 2 816 436
31 622 2 767 18 688 9 323 9 365 6 744 3 002 423
31 933 2 832 18 790 9 237 9 553 6 902 2 970 439
32 619 2 767 19 150 9 444 9 706 7 246 3 040 417
34 073 2 798 19 755 9 467 10 288 7 847 3 238 436
35 203 2 867 19 942 9 254 10 688 8 343 3 547 505
36 133 3 041 20 060 9 451 10 609 8 721 3 767 543
37 239 3 140 20 503 9 437 11 066 9 244 3 836 517
38 591 3 285 20 794 9 481 11 313 9 829 4 096 586
39 887 3 782 21 081 9 548 11 533 10 263 4 178 583
39 901 3 384 20 668 9 358 11 310 10 493 4 695 662
40 106 3 333 20 264 9 257 11 007 10 669 5 082 758
40 156 3 210 19 844 9 224 10 620 10 891 5 335 877
White, 16 Years And Over ............................... Men .................................................................... Women ...............................................................
64 128 38 915 25 213
63 926 38 018 25 908
64 706 38 267 26 439
65 656 39 347 26 309
67 370 40 589 26 782
70 430 42 608 27 822
72 068 43 554 28 514
72 650 43 429 29 221
75 046 44 901 30 145
76 203 45 211 30 992
77 790 46 105 31 685
78 306 46 373 31 933
77 632 45 823 31 809
77 545 45 816 31 729
Black, 16 Years And Over ................................ Men .................................................................... Women ...............................................................
8 027 4 162 3 865
7 941 4 001 3 940
7 995 4 011 3 984
8 478 4 259 4 219
9 074 4 598 4 476
9 446 4 686 4 759
9 706 4 682 5 024
10 248 5 026 5 222
10 532 5 202 5 329
11 145 5 411 5 734
11 899 5 636 6 264
11 001 5 281 5 720
10 966 5 150 5 816
10 979 5 196 5 783
Total, 16 Years And Over ................................. 16 to 24 years .................................................... 25 to 34 years .................................................... 35 to 44 years .................................................... 45 to 54 years .................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................... 65 years and over ..............................................
24 000 14 400 22 000 27 970 28 000 26 000 23 841
25 000 14 100 23 000 28 000 29 000 27 000 22 000
25 871 15 000 24 000 29 483 30 000 27 430 24 000
26 000 15 000 24 000 30 000 30 500 28 000 24 000
26 620 15 000 24 480 30 000 32 343 30 000 24 377
27 000 15 500 25 000 30 000 32 000 30 000 29 600
28 000 15 600 25 300 31 000 33 000 30 000 26 496
30 000 16 000 27 000 32 000 35 000 32 000 28 200
30 000 18 000 28 500 33 000 35 000 34 000 26 000
31 000 18 000 30 000 34 992 36 000 35 000 30 000
32 000 19 000 30 000 35 000 38 000 35 000 32 000
34 000 20 000 31 000 36 000 39 500 36 400 32 000
35 000 20 000 31 800 37 000 40 000 39 145 33 000
35 000 20 000 32 000 39 000 40 000 40 000 32 000
Men, 16 Years And Over .................................. 16 to 24 years .................................................... 25 to 34 years .................................................... 35 to 44 years .................................................... 45 to 54 years .................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................... 65 years and over ..............................................
28 000 15 000 25 000 32 000 35 000 31 875 29 000
29 120 15 000 25 000 33 000 36 000 33 000 28 000
30 000 15 000 26 000 34 000 37 000 33 000 30 000
30 000 15 000 25 000 35 000 38 000 34 000 28 000
30 000 15 000 26 000 35 000 40 000 36 000 30 000
31 000 16 000 27 000 35 000 40 000 36 000 36 000
32 000 17 000 28 000 36 000 40 000 36 000 33 000
34 000 17 000 29 852 37 000 41 000 39 000 36 400
35 000 18 720 30 000 38 000 42 000 40 000 35 000
36 000 19 000 32 000 40 000 44 616 40 853 36 000
37 600 20 000 33 500 40 000 45 000 44 000 35 999
38 500 20 000 34 000 42 000 45 000 45 000 35 000
40 000 20 000 34 740 43 000 47 000 47 000 37 861
40 000 20 800 35 000 43 900 48 000 50 000 42 000
Women, 16 Years And Over ............................ 16 to 24 years .................................................... 25 to 34 years .................................................... 35 to 44 years .................................................... 45 to 54 years .................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................... 65 years and over ..............................................
20 000 13 392 19 500 22 000 21 000 19 000 18 586
20 000 13 800 20 000 22 510 22 000 20 000 17 000
21 500 14 000 21 000 23 397 24 000 22 000 18 500
22 000 14 872 21 000 24 000 24 000 21 500 20 000
22 150 14 560 22 000 25 000 25 000 22 000 19 000
23 000 15 000 22 000 25 000 25 000 22 500 23 290
24 000 15 000 23 000 25 000 26 000 24 000 20 800
25 000 15 000 24 000 26 000 27 040 24 800 24 000
25 000 17 000 25 000 27 200 28 132 25 775 22 000
26 000 17 000 26 000 28 000 30 000 27 000 20 800
27 500 18 000 27 000 29 000 30 000 28 000 24 000
29 000 19 000 28 080 30 000 32 000 30 000 25 000
30 000 19 000 29 500 30 400 32 000 31 410 28 000
30 000 20 000 30 000 32 000 33 466 32 000 26 000
White, 16 Years And Over ............................... Men .................................................................... Women ...............................................................
25 000 29 000 20 000
25 000 30 000 20 500
26 200 31 000 22 000
27 000 30 700 22 000
28 000 32 000 23 000
28 000 32 000 23 000
29 000 33 000 24 000
30 000 35 000 25 000
31 000 36 000 26 000
32 000 37 200 27 000
34 000 39 000 28 000
35 000 40 000 30 000
35 000 40 000 30 000
36 000 40 000 31 000
Black, 16 Years And Over ................................ Men .................................................................... Women ...............................................................
19 350 20 800 18 000
20 000 22 000 18 500
21 000 22 312 20 000
20 800 23 000 19 843
21 000 23 500 20 000
22 000 24 500 20 000
23 784 26 000 21 000
24 000 26 000 22 000
25 000 27 000 23 000
25 760 30 000 24 000
26 000 30 000 25 000
28 500 30 000 26 000
29 000 30 000 26 000
30 000 32 000 27 000
NUMBER
MEDIAN ANNUAL EARNINGS
Note: Detail for the above race groups will not sum to totals because data for the Other races group are not presented. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
125
Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2003 (Thousands of people, dollars.) Occupation
2002
2003
TOTAL, NUMBER OF WORKERS Management, business and financial operations ...................................... Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical and social science occupations ....................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ..................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare supporting occupations ....................................................... Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ................................. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation and material moving occupations ................... Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
15 707 11 350 4 357 19 149 2 644 2 257 1 094 1 694 1 006 4 606 1 453 4 395 12 011 1 767 2 042 3 592 2 843 1 767 23 791 9 929 13 862 9 823 573 5 256 3 994 13 386 7 736 5 650 658
15 552 11 102 4 450 19 607 2 598 2 273 1 010 1 698 1 149 4 918 1 374 4 586 11 990 1 703 2 385 3 223 2 942 1 735 23 766 9 804 13 962 9 709 562 5 070 4 077 13 391 7 670 5 721 717
50 000 55 000 44 000 46 000 60 000 59 400 50 000 34 000 61 860 38 000 43 500 46 000 22 000 22 100 38 000 18 000 20 000 21 840 30 000 35 000 28 000 33 000 20 000 31 200 36 000 28 704 28 000 29 000 36 000
52 000 58 000 45 000 46 000 60 000 62 000 50 000 34 349 75 000 39 000 40 000 48 000 22 000 22 000 42 000 18 000 20 000 20 678 30 000 35 000 29 000 34 000 20 000 32 000 38 000 30 000 30 000 30 000 36 000
TOTAL, MEDIAN ANNUAL EARNINGS Management, business and financial operations ...................................... Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical and social science occupations ....................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ..................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare supporting occupations ....................................................... Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ................................. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation and material moving occupations ................... Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
126
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2003—Continued (Thousands of people, dollars.) Occupation
2002
2003
MEN, NUMBER OF WORKERS Management, business and financial operations ...................................... Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical and social science occupations ....................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ..................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare supporting occupations ....................................................... Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ................................. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation and material moving occupations ................... Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
9 178 7 145 2 033 9 299 1 953 1 984 667 726 490 1 407 847 1 225 5 988 181 1 689 1 836 1 788 494 9 453 5 933 3 520 9 434 463 5 156 3 815 10 472 5 517 4 955 600
8 961 6 991 1 970 9 535 1 913 2 004 668 730 610 1 476 811 1 323 6 204 178 1 967 1 638 1 914 508 9 398 5 891 3 507 9 348 470 4 972 3 905 10 492 5 513 4 979 636
60 000 65 000 52 000 55 000 60 000 60 000 52 000 35 000 100 000 45 600 46 000 72 000 25 000 24 000 40 000 20 000 24 500 30 000 38 000 41 600 32 000 33 592 22 000 31 304 36 000 30 000 30 360 30 000 36 000
60 200 65 000 51 000 58 000 65 000 64 558 50 801 35 000 100 000 48 000 45 000 65 500 26 000 22 537 44 000 18 720 22 156 28 559 39 000 41 000 32 000 34 283 22 000 32 000 38 000 32 000 32 000 30 000 36 000
MEN, MEDIAN ANNUAL EARNINGS Management, business and financial operations ...................................... Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical and social science occupations ....................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ..................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare supporting occupations ....................................................... Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ................................. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation and material moving occupations ................... Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
127
Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2003—Continued (Thousands of people, dollars.) Occupation
2002
2003
WOMEN, NUMBER OF WORKERS Management, business and financial operations ...................................... Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical and social science occupations ....................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ..................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare supporting occupations ....................................................... Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ................................. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation and material moving occupations ................... Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
6 529 4 205 2 324 9 851 691 273 428 968 516 3 199 606 3 170 6 026 1 586 354 1 757 1 055 1 274 14 338 3 996 10 342 391 111 100 180 2 914 2 219 695 58
6 591 4 111 2 479 10 071 685 269 342 968 539 3 441 563 3 263 5 786 1 525 419 1 585 1 029 1 228 14 368 3 913 10 455 361 92 97 172 2 899 2 157 742 81
41 000 44 000 38 500 40 000 51 627 50 000 44 000 33 000 45 000 35 000 40 000 41 000 20 000 22 000 30 900 16 160 16 491 20 000 26 989 25 000 27 000 26 000 17 000 26 000 34 000 22 000 21 632 22 000 40 000
43 000 47 000 40 000 40 000 52 000 48 000 45 000 33 000 45 000 35 000 35 000 43 000 20 000 22 000 32 000 17 000 16 000 20 000 28 000 26 000 28 000 28 000 16 000 29 500 37 000 22 100 22 000 22 710 32 000
WOMEN, MEDIAN ANNUAL EARNINGS Management, business and financial operations ...................................... Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical and social science occupations ....................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ..................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare supporting occupations ....................................................... Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ................................. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation and material moving occupations ................... Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
128
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-48. Wage and Salary Workers Paid Hourly Rates with Earnings at or Below the Prevailing Federal Minimum Wage by Selected Characteristics, 2002–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Workers paid hourly rates Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage
Characteristic
Below prevailing federal minimum wage
Total
At prevailing federal minimum wage
Percent of hourly-paid workers
Number
2002 Sex And Age Total, 16 years and over ....................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Men, 16 years and over ........................................................ 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Women, 16 years and over ................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over .............................................................
72 720 16 191 56 529 36 135 8 242 27 893 36 585 7 949 28 636
1 598 818 780 582 307 275 1 016 511 505
570 340 230 218 146 72 352 194 158
2 168 1 158 1 010 800 453 347 1 368 705 663
3.0 7.1 1.8 2.2 5.5 1.2 3.7 8.9 2.3
59 199 29 829 29 370 9 692 4 469 5 224 11 206 6 624 4 582
1 329 464 865 187 85 102 195 97 98
452 162 290 89 44 45 110 47 64
1 781 625 1 155 276 129 147 305 143 162
3.0 2.1 3.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.2 3.5
55 029 30 472 24 557 17 568 5 599 11 969
682 285 396 908 294 614
169 82 87 401 136 265
851 367 483 1 308 430 879
1.5 1.2 2.0 7.4 7.7 7.3
72 946 15 871 57 075 35 853 8 031 27 823 37 093 7 841 29 252
1 555 776 780 493 237 256 1 062 538 524
545 330 215 213 154 58 332 175 157
2 100 1 105 995 706 392 315 1 394 713 681
2.9 7.0 1.7 2.0 4.9 1.1 3.8 9.1 2.3
59 109 29 441 29 668 9 419 4 246 5 173 11 462 6 775 4 687
1 325 390 935 145 71 74 214 89 125
421 163 257 105 41 64 94 39 55
1 746 553 1 193 249 112 138 308 128 180
3.0 1.9 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.9 3.8
54 887 30 141 24 745 17 932 5 651 12 282
639 243 396 910 249 661
156 60 97 388 153 235
796 303 493 1 299 402 896
1.4 1.0 2.0 7.2 7.1 7.3
Race, Hispanic Origin, And Sex White, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Black, 16 years and over 1 ..................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Hispanic origin, 16 years and over ....................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Full-And Part-Time Status And Sex2 Full-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Part-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. 2003 Sex And Age Total, 16 years and over ....................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Men, 16 years and over ........................................................ 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Women, 16 years and over ................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Race, Hispanic Origin, And Sex White, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Black, 16 years and over 1 ..................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Hispanic origin, 16 years and over ....................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Full-And Part-Time Status And Sex2 Full-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Part-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women .............................................................................
Note: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour in 2003. Data are for wage and salary workers, excluding the incorporated self-employed. They refer to a person’s earnings on their sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar, and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on the hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
2The
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
129
Table 1-49. Absences from Work of Employed Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age and Sex, 2001–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Age and sex
Total employed
Absence rate1 Total
Illness or injury
Lost worktime rate2 Other reasons
Total
Illness or injury
Other reasons
2001 Total, 16 Years And Over ........................................ 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
99 508 2 179 9 429 87 899 76 680 11 220
3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8
2.5 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.5 3.1
1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8
1.9 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.2
1.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.8
0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4
Men, 16 Years And Over .......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
55 931 1 274 5 279 49 378 43 121 6 257
2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 3.2
2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.6
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.9
1.1 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.6
0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Women, 16 Years And Over .................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
43 576 905 4 150 38 521 33 559 4 963
4.8 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7
3.2 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.6
1.6 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.0
2.6 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5
1.7 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 2.0
0.9 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.5
Total, 16 Years And Over ........................................ 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
100 228 1 902 9 267 89 060 76 585 12 475
3.5 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8
2.5 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 3.1
1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.7
1.9 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1
1.3 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.8
0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3
Men, 16 Years And Over .......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
56 458 1 139 5 210 50 109 43 220 6 889
2.6 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.5 3.2
2.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.7
0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
1.4 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.9
1.1 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.7
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Women, 16 Years And Over .................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
43 771 763 4 057 38 951 33 365 5 586
4.8 4.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.5
3.2 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.7
1.6 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.9
2.6 1.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4
1.7 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.6 2.0
0.9 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.4
Total, 16 Years And Over ........................................ 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
100 198 1 633 9 183 89 382 76 216 13 166
3.3 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.6
2.4 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.9
1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.6
1.8 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.1
1.3 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.8
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3
Men, 16 Years And Over .......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
56 159 956 5 201 50 001 42 863 7 138
2.5 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.9
1.9 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.8 2.4
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
1.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.7
1.1 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.5
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
Women, 16 Years And Over .................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
44 039 677 3 981 39 381 33 353 6 028
4.4 3.7 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3
3.0 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.5
1.4 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.8
2.4 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5
1.6 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.5 2.1
0.8 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.4
2002
2003
Note: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. 1Absences
are defined as instances when persons who usually work 35 or more hours a week worked less than 35 hours during the reference week for one of the following reasons: Own illness, injury, or medical problems; child-care problems; other family or personal obligations; civic or military duty; and maternity or paternity leave. Excluded are situations in which work was missed due to vacation or personal days, holiday, labor dispute, and other reasons. For multiple jobholders, absence data refer only to work missed at their main jobs. The absence rate is the ratio of workers with absences to total full-time wage and salary employment. The estimates of full-time wage and salary employment shown in this table do not match those in other tables because the estimates in this table are based on the full CPS sample and those in the other tables are based on a quarter of the sample only. 2Hours absent as a percentage of the hours usually worked.
130
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-50. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Age, and Sex, Selected Years, 1983–2004 Age and sex
January 1983
January 1987
January 1991
January 1996
February 1998
February 2000
January 2002
January 2004
TOTAL 16 Years And Over ........................................... 16 to 17 years ..................................................... 18 to 19 years ..................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................... 25 years and over ............................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................. 35 to 44 years ................................................. 45 to 54 years ................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................. 65 years and over ...........................................
3.5 0.7 0.8 1.5 5.0 3.0 5.2 9.5 12.2 9.6
3.4 0.6 0.7 1.3 5.0 2.9 5.5 8.8 11.6 9.5
3.6 0.7 0.8 1.3 4.8 2.9 5.4 8.9 11.1 8.1
3.8 0.7 0.7 1.2 5.0 2.8 5.3 8.3 10.2 8.4
3.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 4.7 2.7 5.0 8.1 10.1 7.8
3.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 4.7 2.6 4.8 8.2 10.0 9.4
3.7 0.7 0.8 1.2 4.7 2.7 4.6 7.6 9.9 8.6
4.0 0.7 0.8 1.3 4.9 2.9 4.9 7.7 9.6 9.0
4.1 0.7 0.8 1.5 5.9 3.2 7.3 12.8 15.3 8.3
4.0 0.6 0.7 1.3 5.7 3.1 7.0 11.8 14.5 8.3
4.1 0.7 0.8 1.4 5.4 3.1 6.5 11.2 13.4 7.0
4.0 0.6 0.7 1.2 5.3 3.0 6.1 10.1 10.5 8.3
3.8 0.6 0.7 1.2 4.9 2.8 5.5 9.4 11.2 7.1
3.8 0.6 0.7 1.2 4.9 2.7 5.3 9.5 10.2 9.0
3.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 4.9 2.8 5.0 9.1 10.2 8.1
4.1 0.7 0.8 1.3 5.1 3.0 5.2 9.6 9.8 8.2
3.1 0.7 0.8 1.5 4.2 2.8 4.1 6.3 9.8 10.1
3.0 0.6 0.7 1.3 4.3 2.6 4.4 6.8 9.7 9.9
3.2 0.7 0.8 1.3 4.3 2.7 4.5 6.7 9.9 9.5
3.5 0.7 0.7 1.2 4.7 2.7 4.8 7.0 10.0 8.4
3.4 0.7 0.7 1.1 4.4 2.5 4.5 7.2 9.6 8.7
3.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 4.4 2.5 4.3 7.3 9.9 9.7
3.4 0.7 0.7 1.1 4.4 2.5 4.2 6.5 9.6 9.5
3.8 0.6 0.8 1.3 4.7 2.8 4.5 6.4 9.2 9.6
MEN 16 Years And Over ........................................... 16 to 17 years ..................................................... 18 to 19 years ..................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................... 25 years and over ............................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................. 35 to 44 years ................................................. 45 to 54 years ................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................. 65 years and over ........................................... WOMEN 16 Years And Over ........................................... 16 to 17 years ..................................................... 18 to 19 years ..................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................... 25 years and over ............................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................. 35 to 44 years ................................................. 45 to 54 years ................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................. 65 years and over ...........................................
Note: Data beginning 2000 reflect the introduction of Census 2000 population controls in January 2003 and are not strictly comparable with data for prior years. In addition, data for 2004 reflect the introduction of revised population controls in January 2003 and January 2004. Data for 1996 and 1998 are based on population controls from the 1990 census. Data for the period 1983–1991 are based on population controls from the 1980 census. Also, beginning in 1996, the figures incorporate the effects of the redesign of the Current Population Survey introduced in January 1994. Data exclude the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
131
Table 1-51. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Industry, Selected Years, 2000–2004 Industry
February 2000
January 2002
January 2004
TOTAL , 16 YEARS AND OVER ...........................................................................
3.5
3.7
4.0
Private sector ..................................................................................................... Agriculture and related industries ................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................................................... Mining ......................................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................................................ Durable goods manufacturing ................................................................ Nonmetallic mineral products ............................................................. Primary metals and fabricated metal products ................................... Machinery manufacturing ................................................................... Computers and electronic products ................................................... Electrical equipment and appliances .................................................. Transportation equipment .................................................................. Wood products ................................................................................... Furniture and fixtures ......................................................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing .......................................................... Food manufacturing ........................................................................... Beverage and tobacco products ........................................................ Textiles, apparel, and leather ............................................................. Paper and printing .............................................................................. Petroleum and coal products ............................................................. Chemicals .......................................................................................... Plastics and rubber products .............................................................. Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................................. Transportation and utilities ......................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ............................................................ Utilities .................................................................................................... Information 1 ............................................................................................... Publishing, except Internet ..................................................................... Motion picture and sound recording industries ...................................... Broadcasting, except Internet ................................................................ Telecommunications .............................................................................. Financial activities ...................................................................................... Finance and insurance ........................................................................... Finance .................................................................................................. Insurance ............................................................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ............................................................. Real estate ............................................................................................. Rental and leasing services ................................................................... Professional and business services ............................................................... Professional and technical services ........................................................... Management, administrative, and waste services 1 ................................... Administrative and support services ...................................................... Waste management and remediation services ...................................... Education and health services ....................................................................... Educational services .................................................................................. Health care and social assistance .............................................................. Hospitals ................................................................................................ Health services, except hospitals ........................................................... Social assistance ................................................................................... Leisure and hospitality ................................................................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................................................ Accommodation and food services ............................................................ Accommodation ..................................................................................... Food services and drinking places ......................................................... Other services ................................................................................................ Other services, except private households ................................................ Repair and maintenance ........................................................................ Personal and laundry services ............................................................... Membership associations and organizations ......................................... Other services, private households ............................................................
3.2 3.7 3.2 4.8 2.7 4.9 4.8 5.5 5.0 5.3 3.9 5.0 6.4 3.7 4.4 3.7 5.0 4.6 5.5 4.7 5.1 9.5 6.0 4.6 2.7 3.9 2.5 4.7 4.0 11.5 3.4 4.2 1.6 3.6 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.3 4.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.0 1.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.5 5.1 3.2 2.4 1.7 2.6 1.5 2.8 1.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.7 4.0 3.0
3.3 4.2 3.3 4.5 3.0 5.4 5.5 5.3 6.3 6.8 4.7 5.5 7.0 4.3 4.7 4.5 5.3 5.0 4.6 5.0 6.2 9.8 5.7 5.3 2.8 3.9 2.6 4.9 4.3 13.4 3.3 4.8 2.3 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.5 3.0 3.2 2.2 2.7 3.1 2.1 1.9 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.9 3.1 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.7 1.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.8 4.1 2.7
3.5 3.7 3.5 5.2 3.0 5.8 6.0 4.8 6.4 6.4 5.2 9.8 7.7 5.0 4.7 4.6 5.5 4.9 8.0 5.0 6.9 11.4 5.3 5.7 3.1 4.3 2.8 5.3 4.7 13.3 4.3 4.7 2.2 4.0 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 2.6 2.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.7 3.3 2.8 2.0 2.8 1.9 3.1 1.6 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.9 2.3
Public sector ....................................................................................................... Federal government ....................................................................................... State government ........................................................................................... Local government ...........................................................................................
7.1 11.5 5.5 6.7
6.7 11.3 5.4 6.2
6.9 10.4 6.4 6.4
Note: Data reflect the introduction of Census 2000 population controls in January 2003 and are not strictly comparable with data for prior years. In addition, data for 2004 reflect the introduction of additional revised population controls in January 2003 and January 2004. Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Includes
other industries, not shown separately.
132
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Labor Force Participation Rates of Women with Children Under 6 Years of Age, March 1994–March 2004 68.0 66.0 64.0 62.0 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0
Labor force participation rates for all women with children under 6 Proportion of children under 6 with mothers in the labor force
52.0 50.0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
The peak labor force participation rate for women with children under 6 was in 2000 and has mostly declined ever since. (Table 1-53) Looked at from another angle, the proportion of children under 6 with mothers in the labor force has declined from 58.6 percent in March 1997 to 56.7 in March 2004. (Table 1-56)
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
133
Table 1-52. Employment Status of the Population by Marital Status and Sex, March 1989–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Men
Women
Labor force Marital status and year
Population
Total
Number
Labor force Unemployed
Percent of Employed population
Number
Percent of labor force
Population
Total
Number
Unemployed
Percent of Employed population
Number
Percent of labor force
SINGLE 1989 ............................................................................
25 714
18 867
73.4
16 999
1 868
9.9
21 153
13 969
66.0
12 843
1 126
8.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
25 757 26 220 26 529 26 951 28 350
18 829 19 014 19 229 19 625 20 365
73.1 72.5 72.5 72.8 71.8
16 893 16 418 16 401 16 858 17 826
1 936 2 596 2 828 2 767 2 539
10.3 13.7 14.7 14.1 12.5
21 088 21 688 21 738 21 848 22 885
14 003 14 125 14 072 14 091 14 903
66.4 65.1 64.7 64.5 65.1
12 856 12 887 12 793 12 711 13 419
1 147 1 238 1 279 1 380 1 484
8.2 8.8 9.1 9.8 10.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
28 318 28 695 29 294 29 558 29 883
20 449 20 561 20 942 21 255 21 329
72.2 71.7 71.5 71.9 71.4
18 286 18 097 18 683 19 124 19 465
2 163 2 464 2 259 2 131 1 864
10.6 12.0 10.8 10.0 8.7
22 853 23 632 24 215 24 808 25 674
14 974 15 417 16 178 16 885 17 486
65.5 65.2 66.8 68.1 68.1
13 673 14 084 14 747 15 626 16 185
1 301 1 333 1 431 1 259 1 301
8.7 8.6 8.8 7.5 7.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
30 232 30 968 32 220 32 852 33 786
21 641 22 232 22 761 22 821 23 212
71.6 71.8 70.6 69.5 68.7
19 823 20 239 20 066 20 194 20 434
1 818 1 993 2 695 2 627 2 778
8.4 9.0 11.8 11.5 12.0
25 863 26 180 26 942 27 527 28 033
17 749 17 900 18 079 17 901 18 089
68.6 68.4 67.1 65.0 64.5
16 446 16 631 16 499 16 219 16 506
1 303 1 269 1 580 1 682 1 583
7.3 7.1 8.7 9.4 8.8
1989 ............................................................................
52 155
40 912
78.4
39 516
1 396
3.4
52 889
30 489
57.6
29 446
1 043
3.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
52 464 52 460 52 780 53 488 53 436
41 020 40 883 40 930 41 255 40 993
78.2 77.9 77.5 77.1 76.7
39 562 38 843 38 650 39 069 39 085
1 458 2 040 2 280 2 186 1 908
3.6 5.0 5.6 5.3 4.7
53 207 53 176 53 464 54 146 54 198
30 967 31 103 31 686 32 158 32 863
58.2 58.5 59.3 59.4 60.6
29 870 29 668 30 130 30 757 31 397
1 097 1 435 1 556 1 401 1 466
3.5 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
54 166 53 996 53 981 54 685 55 256
41 806 41 837 41 967 42 288 42 557
77.2 77.5 77.7 77.3 77.0
40 262 40 356 40 628 41 039 41 476
1 544 1 481 1 339 1 249 1 081
3.7 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.5
54 902 54 640 54 611 55 241 55 801
33 563 33 382 33 907 34 136 34 349
61.1 61.1 62.1 61.8 61.6
32 267 32 258 32 836 33 028 33 403
1 296 1 124 1 071 1 108 946
3.9 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
55 897 56 152 57 325 57 940 58 395
43 254 43 463 44 271 44 700 44 860
77.4 77.4 77.2 77.1 76.8
42 261 42 245 42 508 42 797 43 247
993 1 218 1 763 1 903 1 613
2.3 2.8 4.0 4.3 3.6
56 432 56 740 57 883 58 545 59 008
34 959 35 234 35 624 36 185 35 918
61.9 62.1 61.5 61.8 60.9
33 998 34 273 34 295 34 806 34 582
961 961 1 329 1 379 1 336
2.7 2.7 3.7 3.8 3.7
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT
WIDOWED, DIVORCED, OR SEPARATED 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
10 641 11 152 11 588 11 927 11 861 12 239
7 108 7 513 7 804 8 049 7 956 8 156
66.8 67.4 67.3 67.5 67.1 66.6
6 552 6 959 6 985 7 140 7 055 7 382
556 554 819 909 901 774
7.8 7.4 10.5 11.3 11.3 9.5
23 346 23 857 24 105 24 582 24 661 25 098
10 733 11 168 11 145 11 486 11 308 11 879
46.0 46.8 46.2 46.7 45.9 47.3
10 119 10 530 10 386 10 610 10 528 10 995
614 638 759 876 780 884
5.7 5.7 6.8 7.6 6.9 7.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
12 410 13 176 14 113 14 166 14 225
8 315 8 697 9 420 9 482 9 449
67.0 66.0 66.7 66.9 66.4
7 632 7 976 8 715 8 954 8 971
683 721 705 528 478
8.2 8.3 7.5 5.6 5.1
25 373 25 786 26 301 26 092 26 199
12 001 12 430 12 814 12 880 12 951
47.3 48.2 48.7 49.4 49.4
11 308 11 742 12 071 12 235 12 307
693 688 743 645 644
5.8 5.5 5.8 5.0 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
14 289 14 392 14 617 15 180 15 059
9 623 9 421 9 650 9 855 9 789
67.3 65.5 66.0 64.9 65.0
9 152 8 927 8 931 9 020 9 059
471 494 719 835 730
4.9 5.2 7.5 8.5 7.5
26 354 26 747 27 802 28 240 28 228
13 228 13 454 13 716 14 154 14 194
50.2 50.3 49.3 50.1 50.3
12 657 12 887 12 855 13 240 13 324
571 567 861 914 870
4.3 4.2 6.3 6.5 6.1
134
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-52. Employment Status of the Population by Marital Status and Sex, March 1989–2004—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Men
Women
Labor force Marital status and year
Population
Total
Number
Labor force Unemployed
Percent of Employed population
Number
Percent of labor force
Population
Total
Number
Unemployed
Percent of Employed population
Number
Percent of labor force
WIDOWED 1989 ............................................................................
2 279
536
23.5
521
15
2.8
11 493
2 309
20.1
2 231
78
3.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
2 331 2 385 2 529 2 468 2 220
519 486 566 596 474
22.3 20.4 22.4 24.1 21.4
490 448 501 535 440
29 38 65 61 34
5.6 7.8 11.5 10.2 7.2
11 477 11 288 11 325 11 214 11 073
2 243 2 150 2 131 1 961 1 945
19.5 19.0 18.8 17.5 17.6
2 149 2 044 2 029 1 856 1 825
94 106 102 105 120
4.2 4.9 4.8 5.4 6.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
2 282 2 476 2 686 2 567 2 540
496 487 559 563 562
21.7 19.7 20.8 21.9 22.1
469 466 529 551 532
27 21 30 12 30
5.4 4.3 5.4 2.1 5.3
11 080 11 070 11 058 11 027 10 943
1 941 1 916 2 018 2 157 2 039
17.5 17.3 18.2 19.6 18.6
1 844 1 820 1 926 2 071 1 942
97 96 92 86 97
5.0 5.0 4.6 4.0 4.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
2 601 2 638 2 635 2 694 2 651
583 568 629 628 581
22.4 21.5 23.9 23.3 21.9
547 546 581 588 558
36 22 48 40 23
6.2 3.9 7.6 6.4 4.0
11 061 11 182 11 411 11 295 11 159
2 011 2 137 2 001 2 087 2 157
18.2 19.1 17.5 18.5 19.3
1 911 2 045 1 887 1 991 2 048
100 92 114 96 109
5.0 4.3 5.7 4.6 5.1
1989 ............................................................................
6 023
4 819
80.0
4 433
386
8.0
8 521
6 396
75.1
6 035
361
5.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
6 256 6 586 6 743 6 770 7 222
5 004 5 262 5 418 5 330 5 548
80.0 79.9 80.3 78.7 76.8
4 639 4 722 4 823 4 736 5 028
365 540 595 594 520
7.3 10.3 11.0 11.1 9.4
8 845 9 152 9 569 9 879 10 113
6 678 6 779 7 076 7 183 7 473
75.5 74.1 73.9 72.7 73.9
6 333 6 365 6 578 6 736 6 962
345 414 498 447 511
5.2 6.1 7.0 6.2 6.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 343 7 734 8 191 8 307 8 529
5 739 5 954 6 298 6 378 6 481
78.2 77.0 76.9 76.8 76.0
5 266 5 468 5 851 6 045 6 151
473 486 447 333 330
8.2 8.2 7.1 5.2 5.1
10 262 10 508 11 102 11 065 11 130
7 559 7 829 8 092 8 038 8 171
73.7 74.5 72.9 72.6 73.4
7 206 7 468 7 666 7 687 7 841
353 361 426 351 330
4.7 4.6 5.3 4.4 4.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
8 532 8 580 8 643 8 938 8 942
6 583 6 403 6 519 6 621 6 622
77.2 74.6 75.4 74.1 74.1
6 279 6 074 6 053 6 052 6 104
304 329 466 569 518
4.6 5.1 7.1 8.6 7.8
11 061 11 719 12 227 12 653 12 817
8 505 8 662 8 902 9 191 9 246
76.9 73.9 72.8 72.6 72.1
8 217 8 335 8 416 8 673 8 706
288 327 486 518 540
3.4 3.8 5.5 5.6 5.8
DIVORCED
SEPARATED 1989 ............................................................................
2 339
1 753
74.9
1 598
155
8.8
3 332
2 028
60.9
1 853
175
8.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
2 565 2 616 2 655 2 623 2 797
1 990 2 057 2 065 2 030 2 134
77.6 78.6 77.8 77.4 76.3
1 830 1 816 1 816 1 784 1 914
160 241 249 246 220
8.0 11.7 12.1 12.1 10.3
3 535 3 665 3 688 3 568 3 911
2 247 2 216 2 279 2 165 2 461
63.6 60.5 61.8 60.7 62.9
2 048 1 977 2 003 1 937 2 208
199 239 276 228 253
8.9 10.8 12.1 10.5 10.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
2 784 2 966 3 236 3 293 3 156
2 081 2 255 2 563 2 542 2 405
74.7 76.0 79.2 77.2 76.2
1 898 2 041 2 335 2 358 2 287
183 214 228 184 118
8.8 9.5 8.9 7.2 4.9
4 031 4 209 4 141 4 000 4 126
2 501 2 684 2 705 2 683 2 740
62.0 63.8 65.3 67.1 66.4
2 258 2 453 2 480 2 476 2 523
243 231 225 207 217
9.7 8.6 8.3 7.7 7.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
3 157 3 174 3 339 3 548 3 466
2 456 2 450 2 502 2 606 2 586
77.8 77.2 74.9 73.4 74.6
2 326 2 307 2 297 2 380 2 397
130 143 205 226 189
5.3 5.8 8.2 8.7 7.3
4 012 3 846 4 164 4 293 4 251
2 711 2 654 2 812 2 877 2 791
67.6 69.0 67.5 67.0 65.7
2 528 2 507 2 551 2 576 2 569
183 147 261 301 222
6.8 5.5 9.3 10.5 8.0
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
135
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-53. Employment Status of All Women and Single Women by Presence and Age of Children, March 1988–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) All women
Age of children and year
Civilian labor force
Single women
Civilian Employed Unemployed labor force as percent Percent Percent Percent of Number Number of labor full-time part-time populaforce tion
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed Unemployed labor force as percent Percent Percent Percent of Number Number of labor full-time part-time populaforce tion
WOMEN WITH NO CHILDREN UNDER 18 1988 ..................................................................... 1989 .....................................................................
32 490 33 255
51.2 51.9
30 911 31 761
73.6 73.7
26.4 26.3
1 580 1 495
4.9 4.5
12 417 12 445
67.3 67.8
11 538 11 643
66.7 66.1
33.3 33.9
880 803
7.1 6.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
33 942 34 047 34 487 34 495 35 454
52.3 52.0 52.3 52.1 53.1
32 391 32 167 32 481 32 476 33 343
74.4 74.0 74.3 74.6 72.7
25.6 26.0 25.7 25.4 27.3
1 551 1 880 2 006 2 020 2 110
4.6 5.5 5.8 5.9 6.0
12 478 12 472 12 355 12 223 12 737
68.1 67.0 66.9 66.4 66.8
11 611 11 529 11 374 11 201 11 674
65.9 66.2 66.6 66.1 64.5
34.1 33.8 33.4 33.9 35.5
866 943 982 1 022 1 063
6.9 7.6 7.9 8.4 8.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
35 843 36 509 37 295 38 253 39 316
52.9 53.0 53.6 54.1 54.3
34 054 34 698 35 572 36 680 37 589
72.9 73.3 73.7 74.1 74.6
27.1 26.7 26.3 25.9 25.4
1 789 1 811 1 723 1 573 1 727
5.0 5.0 4.6 4.1 4.4
12 870 13 172 13 405 13 888 14 435
67.1 66.1 66.5 67.2 67.1
11 919 12 255 12 442 13 082 13 491
64.5 64.6 64.0 64.8 65.6
35.5 35.4 36.0 35.2 34.4
951 918 964 806 944
7.4 7.0 7.2 5.8 6.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
40 142 40 836 41 278 42 039 42 289
54.8 54.9 54.0 54.1 53.8
38 408 39 219 39 038 39 667 40 000
75.4 75.7 75.1 74.8 74.6
24.6 24.3 24.9 25.2 25.4
1 733 1 617 2 241 2 372 2 289
4.3 4.0 5.4 5.6 5.4
14 677 14 877 14 855 14 678 14 828
67.6 67.4 65.6 63.5 63.0
13 713 13 993 13 682 13 430 13 670
66.6 67.3 65.9 65.1 65.5
33.4 32.7 34.1 34.9 34.5
964 884 1 173 1 249 1 157
6.6 5.9 7.9 8.5 7.8
1988 ..................................................................... 1989 .....................................................................
21 545 20 936
65.1 65.7
20 141 20 647
73.0 72.8
27.0 27.2
1 404 1 289
6.5 6.2
1 375 1 524
51.6 54.7
1 068 1 200
79.8 79.0
20.2 21.0
308 324
22.4 21.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
22 196 22 327 22 756 23 063 24 191
66.7 66.6 67.2 66.9 68.4
20 865 20 774 21 052 21 521 22 467
73.0 73.0 73.8 73.9 70.8
27.0 27.0 26.2 26.1 29.2
1 331 1 552 1 704 1 541 1 724
6.0 7.0 7.5 6.7 7.1
1 525 1 654 1 716 1 869 2 166
55.2 53.6 52.5 54.4 56.9
1 244 1 358 1 420 1 510 1 745
79.1 76.4 75.9 74.8 73.9
20.9 23.6 24.1 25.2 26.1
280 296 297 359 421
18.4 17.9 17.3 19.2 19.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
24 695 24 720 25 604 25 647 25 469
69.7 70.2 72.1 72.3 72.1
23 195 23 386 24 082 24 209 24 305
71.7 72.6 74.1 74.0 74.1
28.3 27.4 25.9 26.0 25.9
1 500 1 334 1 522 1 438 1 165
6.1 5.4 5.9 5.6 4.6
2 104 2 245 2 772 2 997 3 051
57.5 60.5 68.1 72.5 73.4
1 754 1 829 2 305 2 544 2 694
73.6 73.5 76.6 75.6 75.8
26.4 26.5 23.4 24.4 24.2
350 416 467 453 357
16.6 18.5 16.8 15.1 11.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
25 795 25 751 26 140 26 202 25 913
72.9 73.1 72.2 71.7 70.7
24 693 24 572 24 612 24 598 24 413
74.6 75.6 74.8 74.3 74.2
25.4 24.4 25.2 25.7 25.8
1 102 1 179 1 529 1 603 1 501
4.3 4.6 5.8 6.1 5.8
3 073 3 022 3 224 3 222 3 262
73.9 73.8 75.3 73.1 72.6
2 734 2 638 2 818 2 789 2 836
79.7 81.8 79.1 79.5 76.8
20.3 18.2 20.9 20.5 23.2
339 385 406 433 426
11.0 12.7 12.6 13.4 13.1
8 862 9 136
56.1 56.7
8 099 8 478
69.5 68.8
30.5 31.2
763 657
8.6 7.2
831 966
44.9 48.9
621 722
78.8 79.2
21.2 20.8
211 244
25.4 25.3
WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER 18
WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER 6 1988 ..................................................................... 1989 ..................................................................... 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
9 397 9 636 9 573 9 621 10 328
58.2 58.4 58.0 57.9 60.3
8 732 8 758 8 662 8 764 9 394
69.6 69.5 70.2 70.1 67.1
30.4 30.5 29.8 29.9 32.9
664 878 911 857 935
7.1 9.1 9.5 8.9 9.1
929 1 050 1 029 1 125 1 379
48.7 48.8 45.8 47.4 52.2
736 819 829 869 1 062
75.0 72.2 73.2 70.0 70.0
25.0 27.8 26.8 30.0 30.0
194 231 200 257 317
20.9 22.0 19.4 22.8 23.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
10 395 10 293 10 610 10 619 10 322
62.3 62.3 65.0 65.2 64.4
9 587 9 592 9 800 9 839 9 674
67.5 68.4 70.5 69.8 69.0
32.5 31.6 29.5 30.2 31.0
809 701 810 780 648
7.8 6.8 7.6 7.3 6.3
1 328 1 378 1 755 1 755 1 811
53.0 55.1 65.1 67.3 68.1
1 069 1 099 1 424 1 448 1 565
68.6 67.3 71.6 71.7 71.0
31.4 32.7 28.4 28.3 29.0
259 279 330 307 246
19.5 20.2 18.8 17.5 13.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
10 316 10 200 10 193 10 209 10 131
65.3 64.9 64.1 62.9 62.2
9 763 9 618 9 441 9 433 9 407
70.5 71.2 70.4 70.0 69.4
29.5 28.8 29.6 30.0 30.6
553 582 752 776 724
5.4 5.7 7.4 7.6 7.1
1 835 1 783 1 819 1 893 1 885
70.5 69.7 71.0 70.2 68.4
1 603 1 542 1 568 1 614 1 605
75.3 79.1 74.5 75.2 70.1
24.7 20.9 25.5 24.8 29.9
232 242 251 279 279
12.6 13.6 13.8 14.7 14.8
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
136
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-54. Employment Status of Ever-Married Women and Married Women, Spouse Present, by Presence and Age of Children, March 1988–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Ever-married women 1
Age of children and year
Civilian labor force
Married women, spouse present
Civilian Employed Unemployed labor force as percent Percent Percent Percent of Number Number of labor full-time part-time populaforce tion
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed Unemployed labor force as percent Percent Percent Percent of Number Number of labor full-time part-time populaforce tion
WOMEN WITH NO CHILDREN UNDER 18 1988 ..................................................................... 1989 .....................................................................
20 073 20 810
44.6 45.6
19 373 20 118
77.7 78.1
22.3 21.9
700 692
3.5 3.3
13 460 14 044
48.9 50.5
13 058 13 633
76.3 77.2
23.7 22.8
401 411
3.0 2.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
21 464 21 575 22 132 22 273 22 716
46.1 46.1 46.6 46.6 47.6
20 779 20 637 21 108 21 275 21 669
79.1 78.4 78.5 79.0 77.1
20.9 21.6 21.5 21.0 22.9
685 937 1 024 998 1 047
3.2 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.6
14 467 14 529 14 851 15 211 15 234
51.1 51.2 51.9 52.4 53.2
14 068 13 976 14 247 14 630 14 641
77.3 77.6 77.8 77.6 75.6
22.7 22.4 22.2 22.4 24.4
399 552 604 581 593
2.8 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
22 973 23 337 23 890 24 366 24 881
47.3 47.7 48.3 48.7 48.9
22 134 22 444 23 130 23 598 24 098
77.4 78.1 78.9 79.3 79.7
22.6 21.9 21.1 20.7 20.3
839 893 760 767 783
3.7 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.1
15 594 15 628 15 750 16 007 16 484
53.2 53.4 54.2 54.1 54.4
15 072 15 123 15 315 15 581 16 061
76.3 76.8 77.7 78.3 78.2
23.7 23.2 22.3 21.7 21.8
522 506 435 426 423
3.3 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
25 465 25 959 26 423 27 361 27 461
49.4 49.6 49.1 50.1 49.8
24 695 25 226 25 356 26 238 26 329
80.3 80.4 80.0 79.7 79.3
19.7 19.6 20.0 20.3 20.7
769 733 1 068 1 123 1 131
3.0 2.8 4.0 4.1 4.1
16 786 16 909 17 353 17 901 17 965
54.7 54.8 54.8 55.7 55.0
16 357 16 528 16 780 17 273 17 367
79.1 78.7 78.4 78.6 78.6
20.9 21.3 21.6 21.4 21.4
429 381 573 628 598
2.6 2.3 3.3 3.5 3.3
1988 ..................................................................... 1989 .....................................................................
20 170 20 411
66.3 66.7
19 074 19 446
72.6 72.5
27.4 27.5
1 096 965
5.4 4.7
16 218 16 445
65.0 65.6
15 441 15 813
69.6 69.6
30.4 30.4
776 632
4.8 3.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
20 671 20 673 21 040 21 194 22 025
67.8 67.9 68.8 68.3 69.8
19 621 19 416 19 633 20 011 20 722
72.6 72.8 73.6 73.9 70.5
27.4 27.2 26.4 26.1 29.5
1 051 1 257 1 407 1 183 1 303
5.1 6.1 6.7 5.6 5.9
16 500 16 575 16 835 16 947 17 628
66.3 66.8 67.8 67.5 69.0
15 803 15 692 15 884 16 127 16 755
69.8 70.1 71.3 71.4 68.0
30.2 29.9 28.7 28.6 32.0
698 883 952 820 873
4.2 5.3 5.7 4.8 5.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
22 591 22 475 22 831 22 650 22 419
71.1 71.4 72.6 72.3 71.9
21 441 21 556 21 777 21 665 21 611
71.5 72.5 73.9 73.8 73.9
28.5 27.5 26.1 26.2 26.1
1 150 919 1 054 985 808
5.1 4.1 4.6 4.3 3.6
17 969 17 754 18 157 18 129 17 865
70.2 70.0 71.1 70.6 70.1
17 195 17 136 17 521 17 447 17 342
68.8 69.6 71.6 71.5 71.5
31.2 30.4 28.4 28.5 28.5
774 618 636 682 523
4.3 3.5 3.5 3.8 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
22 722 22 729 22 917 22 979 22 651
72.7 73.0 71.8 71.5 70.5
21 960 21 934 21 794 21 809 21 576
74.0 74.9 74.3 73.7 73.8
26.0 25.1 25.7 26.3 26.2
763 795 1 122 1 170 1 075
3.4 3.5 4.9 5.1 4.7
18 174 18 325 18 271 18 284 17 953
70.6 70.8 69.6 69.2 68.2
17 641 17 745 17 515 17 533 17 215
71.7 72.6 71.7 71.0 71.3
28.3 27.4 28.3 29.0 28.7
533 580 756 751 738
2.9 3.2 4.1 4.1 4.1
1988 ..................................................................... 1989 .....................................................................
8 031 8 169
57.6 57.8
7 478 7 756
68.7 67.8
31.3 32.2
552 413
6.9 5.1
6 950 7 034
57.1 57.4
6 527 6 749
66.4 66.0
33.6 34.0
422 285
6.1 4.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
8 467 8 585 8 544 8 496 8 949
59.5 59.9 60.0 59.6 61.8
7 996 7 938 7 832 7 895 8 332
69.1 69.2 69.9 70.2 66.7
30.9 30.8 30.1 29.8 33.3
471 647 711 600 617
5.6 7.5 8.3 7.1 6.9
7 247 7 434 7 333 7 289 7 723
58.9 59.9 59.9 59.6 61.7
6 901 6 933 6 819 6 840 7 291
67.4 67.5 68.5 68.8 65.4
32.6 32.5 31.5 31.2 34.6
346 501 514 450 432
4.8 6.7 7.0 6.2 5.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
9 067 8 915 8 856 8 864 8 511
63.9 63.6 64.9 64.8 63.7
8 517 8 493 8 376 8 391 8 109
67.4 68.6 70.3 69.5 68.6
32.6 31.4 29.7 30.5 31.4
550 422 480 473 402
6.1 4.7 5.4 5.3 4.7
7 759 7 590 7 582 7 655 7 246
63.5 62.7 63.6 63.7 61.8
7 349 7 297 7 252 7 309 6 979
66.1 66.5 69.1 68.1 67.1
33.9 33.5 30.9 31.9 32.9
409 293 330 346 267
5.3 3.9 4.4 4.5 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .....................................................................
8 481 8 417 8 373 8 315 8 246
64.3 64.0 62.8 61.4 61.0
8 159 8 077 7 873 7 818 7 801
69.5 69.7 69.6 68.9 69.3
30.5 30.3 30.4 31.1 30.7
321 340 501 497 445
3.8 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.4
7 341 7 319 7 166 7 175 7 107
62.8 62.5 60.8 59.8 59.3
7 087 7 062 6 804 6 826 6 774
68.1 68.5 67.7 67.1 68.1
31.9 31.5 32.3 32.9 31.9
254 257 363 349 332
3.5 3.5 5.1 4.9 4.7
WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER 18
WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER 6
1Ever-married women are women who are, or have been married.
137
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-55. Employment Status of Women Who Maintain Families by Marital Status and Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Family status, age of children, and year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Unemployed Number
Percent of the population
Employed
Not in the labor force
Percent of the labor force
Number
WOMEN WHO MAINTAIN FAMILIES, TOTAL 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
11 309 11 765 12 214 12 489 12 963
7 088 7 329 7 517 7 777 8 214
62.7 62.3 61.5 62.3 63.4
6 471 6 657 6 798 7 093 7 413
617 672 719 684 801
8.7 9.2 9.6 8.8 9.8
4 221 4 436 4 697 4 712 4 750
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
12 762 12 993 13 258 13 102 13 191
8 192 8 460 8 998 8 976 9 213
64.2 65.1 67.9 68.5 69.8
7 527 7 832 8 192 8 309 8 596
665 628 806 667 617
8.1 7.4 9.0 7.4 6.7
4 570 4 532 4 260 4 127 3 978
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
13 145 12 930 13 489 14 000 14 165
9 226 9 034 9 523 9 759 9 869
70.2 69.9 70.6 69.7 69.7
8 592 8 453 8 755 8 898 9 054
634 581 768 861 815
6.9 6.4 8.1 8.8 8.3
3 918 3 897 3 966 4 241 4 297
WOMEN WITH NO CHILDREN UNDER 18 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
4 290 4 447 4 651 4 708 4 758
2 227 2 364 2 427 2 466 2 609
51.9 53.2 52.2 52.4 54.8
2 132 2 231 2 307 2 339 2 489
95 133 120 127 120
4.3 5.6 4.9 5.2 4.6
2 062 2 083 2 223 2 242 2 149
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
4 610 4 847 4 909 4 952 4 942
2 471 2 552 2 663 2 649 2 667
53.6 52.7 54.2 53.5 54.0
2 394 2 462 2 571 2 578 2 556
77 90 92 71 111
3.1 3.5 3.5 2.7 4.2
2 139 2 295 2 246 2 303 2 275
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
5 097 5 185 5 119 5 457 5 551
2 707 2 772 2 764 2 934 3 052
53.1 53.5 54.0 53.8 55.0
2 546 2 668 2 628 2 728 2 855
161 104 136 206 197
5.9 3.8 4.9 7.0 6.5
2 390 2 413 2 355 2 522 2 499
WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER 18 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
7 018 7 318 7 564 7 781 8 205
4 860 4 965 5 090 5 311 5 604
69.3 67.8 67.3 68.3 68.3
4 338 4 426 4 491 4 755 4 924
522 539 599 556 680
10.7 10.9 11.8 10.5 12.1
2 159 2 353 2 473 2 470 2 601
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
8 152 8 146 8 348 8 151 8 248
5 720 5 908 6 335 6 327 6 546
70.2 72.5 75.9 77.6 79.4
5 132 5 370 5 621 5 731 6 040
588 538 714 596 506
10.3 9.1 11.3 9.4 7.7
2 431 2 237 2 014 1 823 1 702
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
8 048 7 746 8 370 8 543 8 614
6 520 6 261 6 759 6 825 6 817
81.0 80.8 80.8 79.9 79.1
6 046 5 785 6 127 6 170 6 199
474 476 632 655 618
7.3 7.6 9.4 9.6 9.1
1 528 1 484 1 611 1 718 1 798
SINGLE WOMEN WITH NO CHILDREN UNDER 18 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
642 682 745 752 704
450 469 505 531 490
70.1 68.8 67.8 70.6 69.6
425 441 475 494 451
25 28 30 37 39
5.6 6.0 5.9 7.0 8.0
192 214 241 221 213
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
779 895 860 893 969
534 588 585 637 674
68.5 65.7 68.0 71.3 69.6
508 572 563 613 638
26 16 22 24 36
4.9 2.7 3.8 3.8 5.3
245 308 275 256 295
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
1 004 1 096 1 154 1 254 1 381
720 787 796 814 977
71.7 71.8 69.0 64.9 70.7
642 756 747 713 887
78 31 49 101 90
10.8 3.9 6.2 12.4 9.2
284 309 358 440 404
138
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-55. Employment Status of Women Who Maintain Families by Marital Status and Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2004—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Family status, age of children, and year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Unemployed Number
Percent of the population
Employed
Not in the labor force
Percent of the labor force
Number
SINGLE WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER 18 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
1 953 2 208 2 376 2 445 2 790
1 095 1 187 1 256 1 414 1 625
56.1 53.8 52.9 57.8 58.2
874 985 1 067 1 161 1 328
221 202 189 253 297
20.2 17.0 15.0 17.9 18.3
858 1 021 1 120 1 031 1 165
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
2 613 2 639 3 012 3 083 3 163
1 510 1 633 2 087 2 280 2 415
57.8 61.9 69.3 74.0 76.4
1 261 1 346 1 749 1 960 2 146
249 287 338 320 269
16.5 17.6 16.2 14.0 11.1
1 102 1 006 925 803 748
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
3 167 3 097 3 315 3 421 3 414
2 413 2 351 2 566 2 584 2 568
76.2 75.9 77.4 75.5 75.2
2 151 2 055 2 241 2 272 2 233
262 296 325 312 335
10.9 12.6 12.7 12.1 13.0
754 745 749 837 846
WIDOWED, DIVORCED OR SEPARATED WOMEN WITH NO CHILDREN UNDER 18 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
3 648 3 765 3 905 3 956 4 054
1 778 1 896 1 923 1 935 2 118
48.7 50.4 49.2 48.9 52.2
1 708 1 791 1 832 1 845 2 037
70 105 91 90 81
3.9 5.5 4.7 4.7 3.8
1 870 1 869 1 982 2 021 1 936
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
3 831 3 952 4 049 4 058 3 974
1 938 1 964 2 077 2 011 1 993
50.6 49.7 51.3 49.6 50.2
1 887 1 890 2 008 1 965 1 918
51 74 69 46 75
2.6 3.8 3.3 2.3 3.8
1 894 1 988 1 971 2 047 1 980
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
4 093 4 088 3 964 4 203 4 170
1 987 1 985 1 968 2 121 2 075
48.5 48.6 49.6 50.5 49.8
1 904 1 912 1 882 2 016 1 968
83 73 86 105 107
4.2 3.7 4.4 5.0 5.2
2 106 2 104 1 997 2 082 2 095
WIDOWED, DIVORCED OR SEPARATED WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER 18 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
5 065 5 109 5 187 5 336 5 415
3 765 3 778 3 834 3 897 3 979
74.3 73.9 73.9 73.0 73.5
3 464 3 441 3 424 3 594 3 596
301 337 410 303 383
8.0 8.9 10.7 7.8 9.6
1 301 1 331 1 353 1 439 1 436
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
5 539 5 507 5 337 5 068 5 086
4 210 4 275 4 248 4 047 4 131
76.0 77.6 79.6 79.9 81.2
3 871 4 024 3 872 3 771 3 894
339 251 376 276 237
8.1 5.9 8.9 6.8 5.7
1 329 1 231 1 089 1 020 955
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
4 881 4 649 5 056 5 122 5 201
4 107 3 910 4 193 4 241 4 249
84.1 84.1 82.9 82.8 81.7
3 895 3 730 3 886 3 898 3 966
212 180 307 343 283
5.2 4.6 7.3 8.1 6.7
774 739 862 881 952
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
139
Table 1-56. Number and Age of Children in Families by Type of Family and Labor Force Status of Mother, March 1988–2004 (Thousands of children.)
Age of children and year
Total children
Mother in labor force
Mother not in labor force
Married-couple families
Families maintained by women
Mother in labor force
Mother in labor force
Total
Mother not in labor force
Total
Mother not in labor force
Families maintained by men
CHILDREN UNDER 16 YEARS 1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
58 716 59 483
35 279 36 050
21 799 21 757
45 474 45 988
28 091 28 673
17 384 17 315
11 603 11 819
7 188 7 377
4 415 4 442
1 638 1 676
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
59 596 60 330 61 262 62 020 63 407
36 712 36 968 38 081 38 542 40 186
21 110 21 526 21 176 21 444 21 188
45 898 45 912 45 966 46 499 47 247
29 077 29 056 29 882 30 054 31 279
16 820 16 856 16 084 16 445 15 968
11 925 12 582 13 291 13 487 14 127
7 635 7 912 8 199 8 488 8 907
4 290 4 670 5 093 4 999 5 220
1 774 1 836 2 005 2 034 2 033
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63 989 64 506 64 710 65 043 65 191
41 365 41 573 42 747 43 156 43 419
20 421 20 449 19 223 19 069 19 074
47 675 47 484 47 529 47 909 47 945
32 190 31 764 32 263 32 533 32 193
15 486 15 720 15 265 15 376 15 752
14 111 14 538 14 441 14 317 14 547
9 176 9 809 10 483 10 623 11 226
4 935 4 729 3 958 3 694 3 322
2 202 2 484 2 740 2 818 2 699
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 601 65 777 65 978 66 521 66 386
44 188 44 051 43 821 43 769 43 144
18 674 18 864 19 243 19 782 20 229
48 902 49 352 48 836 49 004 48 656
33 149 33 436 32 673 32 411 31 892
15 753 15 916 16 163 16 593 16 764
13 960 13 563 14 228 14 547 14 717
11 039 10 615 11 149 11 359 11 252
2 921 2 948 3 079 3 189 3 465
2 739 2 862 2 914 2 970 3 014
1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
38 744 39 084
24 957 25 421
12 614 12 451
29 304 29 637
19 394 19 861
9 910 9 777
8 268 8 235
5 563 5 561
2 705 2 674
1 172 1 212
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39 095 39 470 40 064 40 622 41 795
25 805 25 806 26 666 27 046 28 179
12 079 12 392 12 067 12 291 12 287
29 726 29 598 29 673 30 233 30 895
20 067 19 907 20 586 20 796 21 663
9 659 9 691 9 087 9 437 9 233
8 157 8 599 9 060 9 104 9 570
5 737 5 899 6 079 6 249 6 516
2 420 2 701 2 980 2 854 3 054
1 211 1 272 1 331 1 285 1 329
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 423 42 964 43 488 43 771 44 110
28 931 29 381 30 308 30 579 30 885
12 000 11 897 11 400 11 367 11 370
31 298 31 231 31 509 31 707 31 975
22 239 22 092 22 602 22 706 22 706
9 059 9 139 8 906 9 001 9 269
9 633 10 047 10 199 10 238 10 281
6 692 7 289 7 705 7 873 8 179
2 941 2 758 2 493 2 365 2 101
1 492 1 685 1 781 1 826 1 855
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
44 562 44 458 44 865 45 273 45 066
31 531 31 411 31 437 31 559 31 040
11 198 11 153 11 510 11 635 11 968
32 732 32 957 32 799 32 782 32 506
23 393 23 599 23 296 23 160 22 736
9 339 9 358 9 504 9 622 9 769
9 997 9 608 10 148 10 412 10 502
8 138 7 813 8 142 8 399 8 304
1 859 1 795 2 006 2 013 2 199
1 833 1 894 1 918 2 080 2 058
1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
19 972 20 399
10 321 10 628
9 185 9 306
16 171 16 351
8 696 8 812
7 474 7 539
3 335 3 584
1 625 1 816
1 711 1 767
466 465
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
20 502 20 860 21 198 21 398 21 612
10 907 11 162 11 415 11 496 12 007
9 031 9 134 9 109 9 153 8 901
16 171 16 313 16 293 16 266 16 352
9 010 9 148 9 296 9 258 9 617
7 161 7 165 6 997 7 008 6 735
3 767 3 983 4 232 4 383 4 556
1 897 2 013 2 119 2 239 2 391
1 870 1 969 2 112 2 145 2 166
563 563 674 749 704
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 566 21 542 21 222 21 272 21 081
12 435 12 192 12 439 12 577 12 533
8 421 8 552 7 823 7 703 7 704
16 377 16 253 16 020 16 201 15 971
9 951 9 672 9 661 9 827 9 487
6 427 6 581 6 359 6 375 6 484
4 478 4 491 4 243 4 079 4 267
2 484 2 520 2 778 2 751 3 046
1 995 1 971 1 464 1 328 1 220
710 799 959 992 844
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 039 21 318 21 113 21 248 21 321
12 657 12 640 12 384 12 210 12 104
7 476 7 711 7 733 8 147 8 261
16 170 16 395 16 037 16 222 16 151
9 757 9 837 9 377 9 251 9 156
6 413 6 558 6 660 6 971 6 995
3 963 3 956 4 080 4 136 4 214
2 901 2 802 3 007 2 960 2 948
1 062 1 153 1 073 1 176 1 266
906 968 996 890 956
CHILDREN FROM 6 TO 17 YEARS
CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
140
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-57. Number of Families and Median Family Income by Type of Family and Earner Status of Members, 1991–2003 (Thousands of families, dollars.) Number of families and median family income
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Married-Couple Families, Total .............................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Husband ................................................................ Wife ....................................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners .............................................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband and other family member ....................... Husband not an earner .......................................... Three earners or more .............................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband, not wife .................................................. Husband not an earner ..........................................
52 549 7 101 11 553 8 907 1 987 659 26 037 23 880 1 633 524 7 858 7 052 595 211
53 254 7 250 12 053 9 182 2 145 726 26 344 24 255 1 447 642 7 606 6 882 550 175
53 248 7 281 11 806 8 715 2 405 686 26 742 24 543 1 582 617 7 419 6 723 535 162
53 929 7 225 11 715 8 673 2 364 678 27 263 25 123 1 565 574 7 727 6 987 543 196
53 621 7 276 11 708 8 792 2 251 666 27 180 25 274 1 393 513 7 456 6 770 531 155
53 654 7 145 11 493 8 611 2 207 674 27 260 25 274 1 483 502 7 756 7 126 479 150
54 362 7 286 11 700 8 770 2 298 632 27 712 25 731 1 406 575 7 664 7 023 478 163
54 829 7 257 12 246 9 173 2 411 662 27 593 25 696 1 306 590 7 733 7 102 456 176
55 352 7 160 12 290 9 062 2 585 643 28 010 26 134 1 325 552 7 892 7 220 528 144
55 650 7 297 12 450 9 319 2 545 586 28 329 26 447 1 277 605 7 575 6 917 537 120
56 798 7 662 12 852 9 573 2 689 590 28 779 26 829 1 424 526 7 504 6 859 530 115
57 362 7 803 13 503 10 121 2 821 560 28 891 26 966 1 391 534 7 165 6 565 455 145
57 767 8 043 14 061 10 478 3 027 557 28 693 26 860 1 322 511 6 970 6 349 467 154
Families Maintained by Women, Total .................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
12 214 2 925 5 926 4 812 1 114 3 363 3 058 305
12 504 2 968 6 184 5 042 1 142 3 352 2 998 354
12 982 3 100 6 407 5 278 1 129 3 476 3 139 337
12 771 2 848 6 506 5 415 1 091 3 417 3 126 291
13 007 2 664 6 815 5 590 1 225 3 527 3 225 302
13 277 2 574 7 027 5 817 1 211 3 675 3 431 245
13 115 2 332 7 091 5 841 1 251 3 692 3 398 294
13 206 2 143 7 351 6 167 1 183 3 712 3 399 313
13 164 1 883 7 441 6 127 1 314 3 840 3 508 332
12 950 1 786 7 462 6 132 1 331 3 702 3 376 325
13 517 2 076 7 693 6 436 1 257 3 748 3 442 306
14 033 2 228 8 153 6 832 1 321 3 652 3 290 362
14 196 2 451 8 012 6 725 1 286 3 733 3 364 369
Families Maintained by Men, Total ........................ No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
3 079 310 1 541 1 289 253 1 228 1 157 71
3 094 345 1 544 1 305 239 1 204 1 117 88
2 992 329 1 593 1 352 241 1 070 1 002 67
3 287 383 1 705 1 428 277 1 198 1 128 71
3 557 357 1 800 1 548 253 1 400 1 302 98
3 924 359 1 972 1 667 305 1 593 1 469 124
3 982 344 2 104 1 791 313 1 534 1 427 107
4 041 381 2 027 1 725 302 1 634 1 532 102
4 086 376 2 044 1 721 323 1 666 1 522 143
4 316 380 2 223 1 879 344 1 713 1 585 128
4 499 461 2 319 1 911 408 1 719 1 629 90
4 747 466 2 434 2 026 408 1 847 1 709 138
4 778 530 2 466 2 053 413 1 782 1 625 157
Married-Couple Families, Total .............................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Husband ................................................................ Wife ....................................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners .............................................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband and other family member ....................... Husband not an earner .......................................... Three earners or more .............................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband, not wife .................................................. Husband not an earner ..........................................
40 746 20 415 31 671 33 208 26 500 33 042 45 359 45 516 45 000 40 495 61 120 61 448 60 592 44 874
42 000 20 023 32 500 34 714 27 343 33 622 47 737 48 050 45 694 40 124 61 640 62 674 57 015 47 551
43 000 19 983 32 084 34 401 27 502 30 254 49 650 49 980 48 862 38 800 63 535 64 099 60 712 54 805
44 893 20 604 33 393 35 000 28 661 32 578 51 190 51 500 48 517 42 800 66 172 66 674 63 633 54 655
47 000 21 888 35 100 36 052 32 098 37 784 53 500 53 626 52 530 47 121 68 996 69 371 60 360 61 196
49 614 22 622 36 468 38 150 30 301 39 644 56 000 56 392 49 610 46 990 70 400 71 148 61 824 55 495
51 475 23 782 39 140 40 300 34 050 40 317 58 020 58 564 53 854 47 979 75 593 76 105 68 890 62 684
54 043 24 525 40 519 42 000 35 625 42 414 61 300 61 900 57 680 50 955 78 973 79 907 71 001 63 205
56 792 25 262 41 261 44 200 35 546 41 120 64 007 64 950 53 541 52 466 81 940 83 000 69 561 69 275
59 200 25 356 44 424 47 010 36 458 45 492 67 500 68 132 56 503 53 430 83 990 84 634 79 050 68 050
60 100 25 900 44 400 47 500 36 140 44 270 69 543 70 000 65 240 58 725 86 090 87 000 76 230 80 661
61 000 25 954 45 000 48 004 39 072 40 927 71 282 72 150 62 848 54 840 88 632 89 962 82 180 68 400
62 388 26 312 46 546 48 948 41 180 45 936 73 309 74 500 60 100 58 000 93 000 94 353 77 316 91 771
Families Maintained by Women, Total .................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
16 054 6 060 16 284 15 542 20 220 31 508 31 550 29 477
16 431 5 964 16 468 15 905 19 709 32 705 33 280 30 460
16 800 6 492 16 745 15 700 20 800 33 300 33 165 35 394
17 600 6 805 17 226 16 603 21 300 33 820 33 357 37 531
19 306 7 440 18 824 17 890 23 166 35 000 34 674 39 444
19 416 7 092 18 500 18 000 21 000 36 400 36 400 38 249
20 470 7 476 19 000 18 000 22 870 39 275 39 000 47 471
21 875 7 737 20 000 18 800 25 981 40 000 39 713 43 725
23 100 8 010 20 092 19 000 26 800 41 144 40 855 48 004
25 000 8 988 22 306 21 400 27 524 43 035 43 000 45 600
25 064 8 160 23 008 22 001 28 476 45 244 44 842 51 000
26 000 8 808 24 597 23 760 29 524 46 580 46 000 51 248
26 000 8 344 24 752 23 832 28 857 47 576 46 701 57 267
Families Maintained by Men, Total ........................ No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
28 000 11 196 23 715 23 309 25 720 37 700 37 550 40 000
27 400 9 416 23 020 23 000 24 359 39 000 39 300 36 445
25 856 10 900 22 300 22 079 26 916 38 000 38 363 33 700
27 486 11 293 24 011 24 000 26 253 41 439 41 534 37 386
30 000 12 240 25 337 25 069 27 291 43 100 43 000 55 133
31 500 12 030 26 100 25 874 28 584 44 275 43 065 47 001
32 984 14 252 26 897 27 000 25 486 49 900 50 000 44 786
35 000 15 468 29 125 29 125 28 241 51 288 50 954 68 257
37 000 13 752 31 038 30 483 34 756 51 040 50 960 57 407
37 040 14 946 30 160 30 816 29 118 55 010 55 400 51 945
36 000 12 840 30 800 30 500 31 052 55 024 54 850 61 824
37 440 15 200 30 139 30 014 32 000 55 000 55 220 49 852
37 914 15 408 32 097 31 355 35 525 57 840 57 400 64 658
NUMBER OF FAMILIES
MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
141
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-58. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Citizenship Status and Sex, 1999–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Total
Citizenship status
Year, employment status, and sex
Native Number
Naturalized citizen
Not a citizen
Percent Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
1999 Total, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
138 120 131 806 6 314
100.0 95.4 4.6
122 006 116 569 5 437
100.0 95.5 4.5
6 171 5 915 256
100.0 95.9 4.1
9 943 9 322 621
100.0 93.8 6.2
Men, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
73 334 69 912 3 422
100.0 95.3 4.7
63 844 60 890 2 955
100.0 95.4 4.6
3 306 3 184 122
100.0 96.3 3.7
6 183 5 838 345
100.0 94.4 5.6
Women, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
64 786 61 894 2 891
100.0 95.5 4.5
58 161 55 679 2 482
100.0 95.7 4.3
2 864 2 731 134
100.0 95.3 4.7
3 760 3 485 275
100.0 92.7 7.3
Total , 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
140 454 134 338 6 116
67.2 95.6 4.4
123 070 117 806 5 264
67.3 95.7 4.3
6 720 6 499 221
65.2 96.7 3.3
10 664 10 033 631
67.5 94.1 5.9
Men, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
74 517 71 237 3 281
74.2 95.6 4.4
64 183 61 364 2 820
73.4 95.6 4.4
3 623 3 520 102
74.3 97.2 2.8
6 712 6 353 359
82.8 94.7 5.3
Women, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
65 937 63 102 2 835
60.7 95.7 4.3
58 886 56 442 2 444
61.6 95.8 4.2
3 098 2 979 119
57.1 96.2 3.8
3 953 3 680 273
51.4 93.1 6.9
Total, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
143 705 136 995 6 710
67.1 95.3 4.7
123 691 118 016 5 675
66.9 95.4 4.6
7 529 7 288 241
65.9 96.8 3.2
12 485 11 691 794
69.7 93.6 6.4
Men, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
76 439 72 602 3 838
74.3 95.0 5.0
64 461 61 190 3 271
73.2 94.9 5.1
4 051 3 925 126
75.6 96.9 3.1
7 927 7 486 441
84.3 94.4 5.6
Women, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
67 266 64 393 2 873
60.4 95.7 4.3
59 230 56 826 2 404
61.1 95.9 4.1
3 478 3 363 116
57.3 96.7 3.3
4 558 4 205 353
53.6 92.3 7.7
Total, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
144 100 135 154 8 946
100.0 93.8 6.2
123 764 116 221 7 543
100.0 93.9 6.1
7 601 7 202 399
100.0 94.7 5.3
12 735 11 731 1 004
100.0 92.1 7.9
Men, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
76 682 71 505 5 177
100.0 93.2 6.8
64 561 60 210 4 351
100.0 93.3 6.7
4 031 3 812 219
100.0 94.6 5.4
8 090 7 483 607
100.0 92.5 7.5
Women, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
67 419 63 649 3 770
100.0 94.4 5.6
59 203 56 011 3 192
100.0 94.6 5.4
3 571 3 390 181
100.0 94.9 5.1
4 645 4 248 397
100.0 91.4 8.6
Total, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
145 616 136 277 9 339
100.0 93.6 6.4
124 791 117 004 7 787
100.0 93.8 6.2
7 988 7 509 479
100.0 94.0 6.0
12 838 11 764 1 074
100.0 91.6 8.4
Men, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
77 375 72 011 5 364
100.0 93.1 6.9
65 029 60 548 4 481
100.0 93.1 6.9
4 262 4 008 254
100.0 94.0 6.0
8 084 7 455 630
100.0 92.2 7.8
Women, 16 Years and Over Civilian labor force ........................................................................................................ Employed .................................................................................................................. Unemployed ..............................................................................................................
68 241 64 266 3 975
100.0 94.2 5.8
59 761 56 456 3 305
100.0 94.5 5.5
3 726 3 501 225
100.0 93.9 6.1
4 754 4 309 444
100.0 90.7 9.3
2000
2001
2002
2003
142
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-59. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Citizenship Status, and Sex, 2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) Total
Citizenship status
Occupation and sex
Native Number
Naturalized citizen
Not a citizen
Percent Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
TOTAL ..................................................................................................
136 277
100.0
117 004
100.0
7 509
100.0
11 764
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Management, business, and financial ............................................... Professional and related ................................................................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Sales and related .............................................................................. Office and administrative .................................................................. Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations ...................... Construction and extraction .............................................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair ................................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .............. Production ......................................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................
47 573 20 115 27 457 21 893 35 501 15 899 19 601 877 12 780 7 867 4 913 17 653 9 536 8 117
34.9 14.8 20.1 16.1 26.1 11.7 14.4 0.6 9.4 5.8 3.6 13.0 7.0 6.0
42 397 18 115 24 282 17 401 32 026 14 152 17 874 574 10 504 6 165 4 340 14 102 7 353 6 749
36.2 15.5 20.8 14.9 27.4 12.1 15.3 0.5 9.0 5.3 3.7 12.1 6.3 5.8
2 731 1 131 1 599 1 398 1 639 800 840 52 574 362 211 1 116 692 423
36.4 15.1 21.3 18.6 21.8 10.6 11.2 0.7 7.6 4.8 2.8 14.9 9.2 5.6
2 445 868 1 576 3 095 1 835 947 888 251 1 703 1 340 362 2 436 1 491 945
20.8 7.4 13.4 26.3 15.6 8.1 7.5 2.1 14.5 11.4 3.1 20.7 12.7 8.0
MEN ......................................................................................................
72 011
100.0
60 548
100.0
4 008
100.0
7 455
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Management, business, and financial ............................................... Professional and related ................................................................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Sales and related .............................................................................. Office and administrative .................................................................. Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations ...................... Construction and extraction .............................................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair ................................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .............. Production ......................................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................
23 362 11 502 11 860 9 254 12 915 8 231 4 684 672 12 352 7 662 4 690 13 456 6 581 6 875
32.4 16.0 16.5 12.9 17.9 11.4 6.5 0.9 17.2 10.6 6.5 18.7 9.1 9.5
20 487 10 307 10 181 7 113 11 439 7 349 4 090 441 10 134 5 995 4 139 10 933 5 199 5 735
33.8 17.0 16.8 11.7 18.9 12.1 6.8 0.7 16.7 9.9 6.8 18.1 8.6 9.5
1 432 653 780 574 661 423 238 31 560 355 206 750 406 344
35.7 16.3 19.5 14.3 16.5 10.5 5.9 0.8 14.0 8.8 5.1 18.7 10.1 8.6
1 443 542 900 1 567 814 458 356 199 1 658 1 313 345 1 773 976 797
19.4 7.3 12.1 21.0 10.9 6.2 4.8 2.7 22.2 17.6 4.6 23.8 13.1 10.7
WOMEN ................................................................................................
64 266
100.0
56 456
100.0
3 501
100.0
4 309
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Management, business, and financial ............................................... Professional and related ................................................................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Sales and related .............................................................................. Office and administrative .................................................................. Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations ...................... Construction and extraction .............................................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair ................................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .............. Production ......................................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................
24 210 8 613 15 597 12 639 22 586 7 669 14 917 205 428 205 223 4 197 2 956 1 242
37.7 13.4 24.3 19.7 35.1 11.9 23.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 6.5 4.6 1.9
21 910 7 808 14 101 10 288 20 587 6 803 13 784 133 370 170 200 3 169 2 154 1 014
38.8 13.8 25.0 18.2 36.5 12.0 24.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 5.6 3.8 1.8
1 298 479 820 824 978 377 601 21 13 8 6 366 286 80
37.1 13.7 23.4 23.5 27.9 10.8 17.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 10.5 8.2 2.3
1 002 326 676 1 527 1 021 489 532 52 45 27 17 662 515 147
23.3 7.6 15.7 35.4 23.7 11.3 12.3 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.4 15.4 12.0 3.4
143
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-60. Total Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 15 Years and Over by Sex and U.S. Citizenship Status, 2002 (Thousands of people, percent.) Total
Citizenship status
Sex and money earnings
Native Number
Naturalized citizen
Not a citizen
Percent Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
TOTAL ...............................................................
100 621
100.0
85 789
100.0
6 058
100.0
8 774
100.0
$1 to $9,999 or less ............................................ $10,000 to $14,999 ............................................ $15,000 to $19,999 ............................................ $20,000 to $24,999 ............................................ $25,000 to $34,999 ............................................ $35,000 to $49,999 ............................................ $50,000 to $74,999 ............................................ $75,000 and over ...............................................
3 148 6 350 9 205 11 071 20 442 21 227 16 642 12 536
3.1 6.3 9.1 11.0 20.3 21.1 16.5 12.5
2 485 4 570 7 129 9 021 17 725 18 913 14 910 11 035
2.9 5.3 8.3 10.5 20.7 22.0 17.4 12.9
177 375 555 710 1 206 1 173 985 877
2.9 6.2 9.2 11.7 19.9 19.4 16.3 14.5
486 1 404 1 521 1 340 1 511 1 141 747 624
5.5 16.0 17.3 15.3 17.2 13.0 8.5 7.1
Median earnings (dollars) ...................................
35 038
(X)
35 956
(X)
35 032
(X)
22 687
(X)
MEN ...................................................................
58 752
100.0
49 249
100.0
3 497
100.0
6 006
100.0
$1 to $9,999 or less ............................................ $10,000 to $14,999 ............................................ $15,000 to $19,999 ............................................ $20,000 to $24,999 ............................................ $25,000 to $34,999 ............................................ $35,000 to $49,999 ............................................ $50,000 to $74,999 ............................................ $75,000 and over ...............................................
1 623 2 800 4 369 5 370 10 733 12 414 11 433 10 010
2.8 4.8 7.4 9.1 18.3 21.1 19.5 17.0
1 256 1 846 3 049 4 077 9 014 10 960 10 254 8 792
2.6 3.7 6.2 8.3 18.3 22.3 20.8 17.9
96 159 264 363 625 675 635 681
2.7 4.5 7.5 10.4 17.9 19.3 18.2 19.5
271 795 1 056 931 1 094 779 544 537
4.5 13.2 17.6 15.5 18.2 13.0 9.1 8.9
Median earnings (dollars) ...................................
39 429
(X)
41 015
(X)
39 341
(X)
24 576
(X)
WOMEN .............................................................
41 869
100.0
36 540
100.0
2 561
100.0
2 768
100.0
$1 to $9,999 or less ............................................ $10,000 to $14,999 ............................................ $15,000 to $19,999 ............................................ $20,000 to $24,999 ............................................ $25,000 to $34,999 ............................................ $35,000 to $49,999 ............................................ $50,000 to $74,999 ............................................ $75,000 and over ...............................................
1 525 3 550 4 836 5 700 9 709 8 813 5 209 2 526
3.6 8.5 11.5 13.6 23.2 21.0 12.4 6.0
1 229 2 724 4 080 4 945 8 711 7 953 4 656 2 243
3.4 7.5 11.2 13.5 23.8 21.8 12.7 6.1
81 217 291 347 581 498 350 196
3.2 8.5 11.4 13.5 22.7 19.4 13.7 7.6
215 610 465 409 416 362 203 88
7.8 22.0 16.8 14.8 15.0 13.1 7.3 3.2
Median earnings (dollars) ...................................
30 203
(X)
30 635
(X)
30 388
(X)
20 774
(X)
(X) = Not applicable
144
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-61. Percentage Distribution of the Civilian Labor Force 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2004 Percent distribution Sex, race, and year
Civilian labor force (thousands)
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
TOTAL 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
99 175 100 480 102 387 103 504 104 868
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
13.4 13.0 12.2 11.5 11.0
39.5 39.4 36.2 35.2 34.0
20.7 21.1 25.2 26.3 27.7
26.4 26.5 26.4 27.0 27.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
106 519 108 037 110 514 111 857 112 542
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
10.8 10.9 10.9 10.7 10.3
33.1 32.9 33.0 32.8 32.3
27.8 27.7 27.4 27.4 27.4
28.3 28.5 28.6 29.1 30.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
114 052 115 073 117 738 119 261 119 392
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.8 9.8 10.1 10.1 9.7
31.8 31.4 30.6 30.1 30.1
27.9 28.1 27.7 27.8 27.8
30.4 30.7 31.6 31.9 32.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
54 476 55 165 55 917 56 544 56 633
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
15.1 14.7 13.9 13.2 12.7
37.2 37.5 34.7 33.9 32.9
19.7 20.2 23.8 24.7 25.8
28.0 27.6 27.5 28.1 28.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
57 454 58 121 59 268 59 905 60 030
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.2 12.7 12.8 12.3 11.7
32.3 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.0
25.7 26.0 25.8 25.8 25.8
29.7 29.1 29.2 29.6 30.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
60 510 61 091 62 794 63 466 63 699
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.1 11.0 11.8 12.0 11.5
31.8 31.6 30.6 30.1 30.5
26.1 26.3 25.9 25.8 25.8
30.9 31.1 31.7 32.1 32.2
MEN
WOMEN 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
44 699 45 315 46 469 46 961 48 235
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.3 10.9 10.2 9.3 9.1
42.4 41.6 37.9 36.7 35.3
21.9 22.2 26.9 28.2 29.8
24.5 25.2 25.0 25.8 25.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
49 065 49 916 51 246 51 953 52 512
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.1 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.7
34.1 33.7 34.0 33.3 32.7
30.2 29.7 29.3 29.3 29.2
26.6 27.8 28.0 28.6 29.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
53 541 53 982 54 944 55 795 55 693
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
8.4 8.5 8.2 8.0 7.7
31.8 31.1 30.6 30.1 29.6
30.0 30.1 29.7 30.1 30.2
29.8 30.2 31.5 31.8 32.5
WHITE1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
85 238 86 344 87 656 88 457 89 009
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.6 12.2 11.3 10.7 10.5
39.6 39.3 36.1 35.0 33.7
20.6 21.1 25.5 26.4 27.7
27.1 27.4 27.1 27.9 28.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
90 192 91 506 93 179 93 527 94 216
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
10.0 10.4 10.4 10.2 9.8
32.8 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.2
27.8 27.5 27.3 27.4 27.2
29.3 29.3 29.5 29.8 30.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
95 073 95 562 97 699 98 241 98 030
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.5 9.5 9.8 9.9 9.5
31.8 31.0 30.6 30.0 29.8
27.7 28.0 27.6 27.7 27.8
31.0 31.4 32.0 32.4 32.9
BLACK1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
10 537 10 650 10 936 11 051 11 368
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
19.9 19.5 19.2 16.8 14.5
42.5 42.9 40.3 39.5 39.3
22.1 22.1 24.9 27.6 29.2
15.5 15.4 15.6 16.1 17.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
11 695 11 891 12 253 12 893 12 945
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
14.1 14.2 14.3 14.3 13.0
38.6 37.2 37.8 37.3 37.2
29.6 31.2 31.3 30.1 30.4
17.7 17.4 16.6 18.2 19.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
13 383 13 617 13 319 13 315 13 372
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.8 12.0 12.4 11.3 11.0
36.1 37.1 34.5 35.6 36.6
31.5 31.1 32.0 31.5 30.5
20.7 19.8 21.0 21.6 21.9
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
145
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-62. Labor Force Participation Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2004 (Civilian labor force as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.) Participation rates Sex, race, and year
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
TOTAL 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
78.6 78.6 79.0 78.9 78.9
60.7 60.7 60.3 59.6 58.3
78.2 78.1 78.3 77.7 77.8
83.3 83.2 83.5 82.9 83.2
88.4 88.4 88.4 88.3 88.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
79.3 79.4 80.1 80.2 80.0
59.8 60.2 61.7 63.0 62.7
77.3 77.9 78.5 78.4 78.1
83.2 83.7 83.7 83.5 83.0
88.7 87.8 88.5 88.0 87.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
80.3 80.2 79.7 79.4 78.8
62.7 63.5 63.5 64.1 63.2
78.4 78.4 77.7 76.9 76.1
83.2 83.0 82.1 81.9 81.2
87.8 87.0 86.7 86.2 85.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
88.8 88.6 88.6 88.1 87.0
75.1 75.1 75.1 74.9 71.5
89.9 89.3 89.0 88.1 86.8
91.5 92.0 91.8 90.6 90.3
94.5 94.2 93.7 93.7 93.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
87.4 87.5 87.7 87.8 87.5
72.0 74.3 75.2 75.3 74.4
86.9 86.9 86.4 86.7 86.6
90.1 90.0 90.6 90.0 89.4
93.8 92.9 93.5 93.4 93.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
87.5 87.4 87.0 86.4 85.9
74.9 75.4 75.5 76.1 75.2
86.2 85.8 85.3 84.3 83.8
88.9 89.1 88.8 87.5 87.0
93.3 92.9 92.4 92.2 91.9
MEN
WOMEN 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
68.9 69.1 70.0 70.0 71.1
46.2 46.2 45.6 44.2 44.7
68.7 68.6 69.1 68.8 70.0
75.9 75.2 76.2 76.1 77.0
81.1 81.8 82.2 82.2 82.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
71.5 71.8 72.8 73.0 72.8
47.2 45.7 47.1 49.8 50.5
68.9 69.8 71.4 70.9 70.4
77.3 78.1 77.6 77.8 77.4
82.8 82.3 83.2 82.3 81.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
73.5 73.4 72.7 72.6 72.0
50.4 51.7 50.4 50.5 49.7
71.2 71.3 70.4 69.8 68.6
78.3 77.7 76.4 77.1 76.2
82.0 80.9 81.0 80.1 80.0
WHITE1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
79.2 79.4 79.8 79.7 79.8
62.5 62.5 61.5 61.1 60.3
78.4 78.3 78.7 78.2 78.3
83.3 83.1 83.8 83.1 83.5
88.3 88.6 88.7 88.8 88.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
80.1 80.4 81.0 80.6 80.6
61.6 62.5 63.8 63.8 64.2
77.9 78.6 79.2 78.6 78.5
83.4 83.9 83.9 83.5 83.3
88.8 88.2 89.0 88.3 87.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
80.8 80.7 80.3 80.1 79.5
64.2 64.5 65.0 65.7 64.6
78.7 78.7 78.2 77.5 76.7
83.1 83.1 82.4 82.3 81.6
87.9 87.2 87.0 86.5 86.2
BLACK1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
74.6 73.9 74.4 73.8 73.5
54.5 53.9 55.4 53.4 49.4
78.2 77.1 76.9 74.7 75.2
84.2 84.1 83.4 83.0 82.4
92.0 90.2 89.1 89.6 89.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
74.2 73.7 74.9 77.7 76.5
51.0 50.1 52.9 59.3 55.1
74.5 74.3 75.0 77.0 76.5
82.8 83.0 83.8 85.0 82.9
90.9 87.9 89.0 88.8 88.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
77.9 78.1 76.4 75.8 75.0
55.5 58.7 56.6 55.4 55.2
77.0 76.8 75.0 73.9 73.4
84.2 83.0 81.7 81.2 79.0
90.3 90.5 88.9 88.2 87.9
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
146
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-63. Unemployment Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2004 (Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.) Unemployment rates Sex, race, and year
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
TOTAL 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.5 6.1 6.7 6.4 5.8
9.6 12.3 13.5 13.0 12.6
4.9 6.7 7.7 7.3 6.7
3.7 5.0 5.9 5.5 5.0
1.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.8 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.5
10.0 10.9 10.4 8.5 7.7
5.2 5.5 5.1 4.8 4.0
4.5 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.1
2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
3.3 3.5 5.0 5.3 5.1
7.9 8.1 10.2 9.9 10.5
3.8 4.2 6.1 6.4 5.9
3.0 2.9 4.5 5.2 4.9
1.5 2.0 2.8 3.0 2.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.8 6.8 7.5 7.3 6.2
9.6 13.4 14.8 14.1 12.8
5.3 7.7 8.8 8.7 7.2
3.9 5.2 6.4 6.3 5.3
2.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
5.1 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.5
10.9 11.0 9.9 8.0 7.0
5.7 6.4 5.6 5.1 4.1
4.4 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.2
2.6 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
3.3 3.7 5.5 5.8 5.4
7.1 7.5 9.9 9.5 9.4
3.9 4.6 6.7 6.9 6.6
3.1 3.2 4.9 6.0 5.4
1.6 1.9 3.0 3.2 3.0
MEN
WOMEN 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.2 5.2 5.7 5.2 5.4
9.5 10.7 11.4 11.2 12.4
4.6 5.5 6.5 5.8 6.2
3.5 4.8 5.3 4.6 4.7
1.7 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.4 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.5
8.6 10.7 11.3 9.3 8.8
4.6 4.4 4.5 4.4 3.9
4.5 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.0
2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
3.2 3.3 4.6 4.8 4.7
9.1 8.9 10.6 10.6 12.2
3.6 3.8 5.4 5.9 5.2
2.9 2.6 4.1 4.4 4.3
1.4 2.0 2.6 2.8 2.9
WHITE1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.0 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.2
8.3 11.6 12.9 12.4 11.7
4.4 6.2 6.8 6.5 5.8
3.3 4.6 5.3 5.0 4.5
1.8 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.3 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.1
9.2 10.2 9.4 7.5 7.0
4.6 4.6 4.6 4.2 3.4
4.2 3.7 3.4 3.2 2.8
2.3 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
3.0 3.1 4.6 4.7 4.6
7.5 7.2 9.1 9.0 9.6
3.3 3.6 5.5 5.7 5.4
2.7 2.7 4.1 4.5 4.4
1.4 1.8 2.6 2.7 2.8
BLACK1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
8.6 10.1 12.4 10.9 10.6
15.9 15.9 17.2 17.3 17.4
8.6 10.3 14.1 12.4 12.2
6.5 8.0 10.7 8.7 8.3
1.9 5.2 4.8 4.1 4.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
7.7 8.9 8.1 7.3 6.3
13.7 15.3 16.6 13.4 12.0
8.4 10.8 8.2 8.4 6.7
6.3 6.9 6.1 6.4 5.2
4.1 3.3 4.4 2.1 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
5.4 6.5 8.1 9.0 8.4
10.4 14.0 15.4 14.7 15.8
6.3 7.7 9.7 9.9 9.3
4.3 4.3 6.0 8.9 7.9
2.5 3.3 4.1 4.7 3.7
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
147
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-64. Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Held Job, and Sex, 2002–2003 (Thousands of people with work experience during the year.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2002 TOTAL ...............................................................................................................
122 561
12 269
37 028
34 249
39 015
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
19 291 13 889 5 402 25 823 3 034 2 491 1 295 1 977 1 274 7 324 2 413 6 015 17 315 2 487 2 161 4 730 4 398 3 539 29 983 12 893 17 089 13 048 882 7 565 4 601 16 525 9 223 7 303 577
439 407 32 223 13 2 ... 18 4 100 53 34 3 491 347 92 1 102 1 533 416 1 535 811 724 2 907 430 1 854 624 3 668 2 123 1 545 5
3 468 2 710 758 2 395 246 291 135 205 110 614 316 477 6 998 951 678 2 075 1 852 1 444 10 483 3 990 6 493 5 736 300 3 379 2 057 7 840 4 278 3 562 107
5 022 3 675 1 347 5 780 770 554 177 383 202 988 677 2 030 4 855 948 924 1 165 702 1 116 10 950 4 100 6 850 3 496 101 1 765 1 629 3 876 2 194 1 683 270
10 361 7 096 3 265 17 425 2 005 1 644 983 1 371 958 5 622 1 367 3 475 1 971 242 467 389 311 562 7 014 3 992 3 022 910 52 567 291 1 141 628 512 194
MEN ...................................................................................................................
64 986
7 668
19 599
16 986
20 731
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
10 998 8 566 2 433 11 051 2 161 2 173 764 765 614 1 878 1 253 1 443 7 025 210 1 756 1 910 2 449 699 10 640 6 905 3 735 12 382 644 7 365 4 374 12 367 6 253 6 113 523
295 278 18 69 10 2 ... 9 1 13 27 7 1 429 17 73 498 766 74 577 326 251 2 718 299 1 813 605 2 575 1 290 1 285 5
1 845 1 605 240 808 137 237 80 76 8 46 168 56 2 606 77 519 717 1 084 209 2 932 1 708 1 224 5 490 230 3 308 1 953 5 817 2 877 2 940 101
2 668 2 178 490 2 055 555 464 121 125 17 163 364 247 1 982 78 761 492 419 233 3 609 2 298 1 311 3 326 75 1 705 1 546 3 095 1 655 1 440 251
6 190 4 505 1 685 8 119 1 460 1 469 563 555 589 1 655 694 1 133 1 007 38 402 204 179 183 3 523 2 574 949 848 40 539 270 879 431 448 165
WOMEN .............................................................................................................
57 575
4 601
17 428
17 262
18 285
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
8 293 5 323 2 969 14 772 872 318 531 1 213 660 5 446 1 160 4 573 10 290 2 277 406 2 819 1 948 2 840 19 342 5 988 13 354 666 239 200 227 4 159 2 969 1 189 53
144 129 14 154 3 ... ... 9 3 86 26 26 2 062 330 19 603 767 342 959 486 473 189 130 41 18 1 093 833 260 ...
1 623 1 105 518 1 587 109 54 55 129 103 568 148 421 4 392 873 159 1 358 768 1 234 7 552 2 282 5 269 245 70 71 104 2 023 1 401 623 6
2 354 1 497 857 3 725 215 90 56 258 185 825 313 1 783 2 872 870 163 673 282 884 7 341 1 802 5 539 170 27 60 83 781 539 242 19
4 172 2 591 1 580 9 306 545 174 420 816 369 3 967 673 2 342 964 204 65 185 131 380 3 491 1 418 2 073 62 12 28 21 261 197 64 29
. . . = Not available.
148
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-64. Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Held Job, and Sex, 2002–2003—Continued (Thousands of people with work experience during the year.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2003 TOTAL ...............................................................................................................
122 312
11 727
36 703
34 356
39 526
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
19 051 13 645 5 406 26 431 2 995 2 449 1 240 1 999 1 466 7 587 2 384 6 311 17 269 2 418 2 542 4 442 4 368 3 499 29 555 12 624 16 931 12 938 897 7 527 4 514 16 438 9 025 7 413 630
399 352 48 186 24 5 0 24 9 64 36 23 3 319 308 96 1 021 1 465 429 1 502 767 735 2 917 462 1 878 577 3 400 1 909 1 491 4
3 508 2 686 822 2 336 233 254 98 167 87 661 325 510 6 862 939 693 1 933 1 908 1 390 10 357 3 890 6 467 5 701 281 3 413 2 006 7 828 4 218 3 610 111
5 076 3 647 1 429 5 907 784 602 144 343 228 933 683 2 191 5 020 936 1 126 1 051 729 1 177 10 678 3 949 6 728 3 437 105 1 771 1 560 3 957 2 211 1 746 282
10 068 6 961 3 107 18 002 1 953 1 588 998 1 465 1 142 5 929 1 340 3 587 2 068 235 628 437 265 503 7 019 4 018 3 001 884 49 465 370 1 253 686 566 233
MEN ...................................................................................................................
64 929
7 330
19 785
16 945
20 867
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
10 742 8 421 2 321 11 273 2 128 2 131 741 777 750 1 924 1 234 1 588 7 214 218 2 020 1 795 2 500 681 10 553 6 789 3 764 12 259 656 7 313 4 290 12 329 6 209 6 120 559
253 233 20 62 19 4 ... 14 1 4 16 3 1 404 23 64 479 764 74 567 284 282 2 730 321 1 849 559 2 310 1 126 1 184 4
1 898 1 686 212 793 140 208 63 63 8 78 161 72 2 568 69 512 689 1 058 240 3 024 1 782 1 242 5 446 206 3 323 1 916 5 957 2 961 2 996 99
2 626 2 128 499 2 099 546 529 88 119 31 150 364 273 2 146 84 914 420 500 227 3 467 2 128 1 339 3 279 87 1 700 1 492 3 074 1 617 1 458 254
5 964 4 373 1 591 8 319 1 422 1 391 590 581 710 1 692 693 1 240 1 096 43 529 207 179 139 3 495 2 595 900 803 41 440 322 988 506 482 202
WOMEN .............................................................................................................
57 384
4 397
16 918
17 411
18 658
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ..................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
8 310 5 225 3 085 15 158 867 318 500 1 222 716 5 663 1 150 4 722 10 054 2 200 522 2 647 1 867 2 818 19 002 5 835 13 168 680 241 214 225 4 109 2 815 1 293 71
146 118 28 125 5 1 0 11 8 60 20 19 1 915 285 32 542 701 355 935 482 453 187 140 29 18 1 089 783 307 ...
1 610 1 000 611 1 543 93 47 36 104 79 583 164 438 4 294 870 180 1 244 850 1 150 7 333 2 108 5 225 255 75 90 90 1 872 1 258 614 11
2 450 1 519 930 3 808 238 73 56 224 197 783 319 1 919 2 874 852 212 630 229 950 7 211 1 822 5 389 157 18 70 69 883 594 289 28
4 103 2 587 1 516 9 683 531 197 408 884 432 4 238 647 2 346 972 192 98 230 87 364 3 523 1 423 2 100 80 7 25 48 265 180 84 32
. . . = Not available.
149
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-65. Percent Distribution of Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Held Job, and Sex, 2002–2003 (Percent of total workers in occupation.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2002 TOTAL ...............................................................................................................
100.0
10.0
30.2
27.9
31.8
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.3 2.9 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 ... 0.9 0.3 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.2 14.0 4.3 23.3 34.9 11.8 5.1 6.3 4.2 22.3 48.7 24.5 13.6 22.2 23.0 21.2 1.0
18.0 19.5 14.0 9.3 8.1 11.7 10.4 10.4 8.7 8.4 13.1 7.9 40.4 38.2 31.3 43.9 42.1 40.8 35.0 30.9 38.0 44.0 34.0 44.7 44.7 47.4 46.4 48.8 18.6
26.0 26.5 24.9 22.4 25.4 22.2 13.7 19.4 15.9 13.5 28.1 33.7 28.0 38.1 42.8 24.6 16.0 31.5 36.5 31.8 40.1 26.8 11.5 23.3 35.4 23.5 23.8 23.0 46.9
53.7 51.1 60.4 67.5 66.1 66.0 75.9 69.4 75.2 76.8 56.6 57.8 11.4 9.7 21.6 8.2 7.1 15.9 23.4 31.0 17.7 7.0 5.9 7.5 6.3 6.9 6.8 7.0 33.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.7 3.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 ... 1.1 0.2 0.7 2.2 0.5 20.3 8.3 4.2 26.1 31.3 10.6 5.4 4.7 6.7 22.0 46.5 24.6 13.8 20.8 20.6 21.0 1.0
16.8 18.7 9.9 7.3 6.3 10.9 10.4 9.9 1.2 2.5 13.4 3.9 37.1 36.7 29.5 37.5 44.3 30.0 27.6 24.7 32.8 44.3 35.7 44.9 44.6 47.0 46.0 48.1 19.4
24.3 25.4 20.2 18.6 25.7 21.4 15.9 16.3 2.8 8.7 29.0 17.1 28.2 36.8 43.4 25.7 17.1 33.3 33.9 33.3 35.1 26.9 11.6 23.2 35.4 25.0 26.5 23.6 48.0
56.3 52.6 69.3 73.5 67.5 67.6 73.7 72.6 95.9 88.2 55.4 78.5 14.3 18.1 22.9 10.7 7.3 26.2 33.1 37.3 25.4 6.8 6.2 7.3 6.2 7.1 6.9 7.3 31.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.7 2.4 0.5 1.0 0.3 ... ... 0.8 0.4 1.6 2.2 0.6 20.0 14.5 4.7 21.4 39.4 12.1 5.0 8.1 3.5 28.4 54.5 20.3 8.1 26.3 28.1 21.9 ...
19.6 20.8 17.4 10.7 12.5 17.0 10.4 10.7 15.6 10.4 12.7 9.2 42.7 38.4 39.2 48.2 39.4 43.5 39.0 38.1 39.5 36.8 29.2 35.5 46.0 48.6 47.2 52.4 10.8
28.4 28.1 28.9 25.2 24.6 28.2 10.5 21.3 28.0 15.1 27.0 39.0 27.9 38.2 40.2 23.9 14.5 31.1 38.0 30.1 41.5 25.5 11.2 30.1 36.5 18.8 18.1 20.4 35.6
50.3 48.7 53.2 63.0 62.5 54.7 79.2 67.3 56.0 72.8 58.0 51.2 9.4 8.9 15.9 6.5 6.7 13.4 18.0 23.7 15.5 9.3 5.1 14.1 9.3 6.3 6.6 5.4 53.7
MEN Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces .................................................................................................. WOMEN Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces .................................................................................................. . . . = Not available.
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Table 1-65. Percent Distribution of Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Held Job, and Sex, 2002–2003—Continued (Percent of total workers in occupation.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2003 TOTAL ...............................................................................................................
100.0
9.6
30.0
28.1
32.3
Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.1 2.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.6 0.8 1.5 0.4 19.2 12.7 3.8 23.0 33.5 12.3 5.1 6.1 4.3 22.5 51.5 25.0 12.8 20.7 21.2 20.1 0.7
18.4 19.7 15.2 8.8 7.8 10.4 7.9 8.4 5.9 8.7 13.6 8.1 39.7 38.8 27.2 43.5 43.7 39.7 35.0 30.8 38.2 44.1 31.4 45.3 44.4 47.6 46.7 48.7 17.5
26.6 26.7 26.4 22.3 26.2 24.6 11.6 17.2 15.5 12.3 28.6 34.7 29.1 38.7 44.3 23.7 16.7 33.6 36.1 31.3 39.7 26.6 11.8 23.5 34.6 24.1 24.5 23.6 44.7
52.8 51.0 57.5 68.1 65.2 64.8 80.4 73.3 77.9 78.2 56.2 56.8 12.0 9.7 24.7 9.8 6.1 14.4 23.7 31.8 17.7 6.8 5.4 6.2 8.2 7.6 7.6 7.6 37.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.4 2.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.2 ... 1.7 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.2 19.5 10.4 3.2 26.7 30.5 10.8 5.4 4.2 7.5 22.3 48.9 25.3 13.0 18.7 18.1 19.4 0.7
17.7 20.0 9.1 7.0 6.6 9.7 8.5 8.1 1.1 4.1 13.0 4.6 35.6 31.5 25.4 38.4 42.3 35.3 28.7 26.3 33.0 44.4 31.4 45.4 44.7 48.3 47.7 49.0 17.8
24.4 25.3 21.5 18.6 25.7 24.8 11.9 15.3 4.1 7.8 29.5 17.2 29.7 38.5 45.2 23.4 20.0 33.4 32.9 31.3 35.6 26.8 13.3 23.3 34.8 24.9 26.0 23.8 45.4
55.5 51.9 68.6 73.8 66.8 65.3 79.7 74.8 94.6 87.9 56.2 78.1 15.2 19.5 26.2 11.5 7.1 20.4 33.1 38.2 23.9 6.6 6.3 6.0 7.5 8.0 8.1 7.9 36.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.8 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.7 0.4 19.0 12.9 6.1 20.5 37.6 12.6 4.9 8.3 3.4 27.6 58.3 13.6 8.0 26.5 27.8 23.7 ...
19.4 19.1 19.8 10.2 10.7 14.7 7.2 8.5 11.0 10.3 14.3 9.3 42.7 39.6 34.5 47.0 45.5 40.8 38.6 36.1 39.7 37.5 31.2 41.9 40.0 45.6 44.7 47.5 16.0
29.5 29.1 30.2 25.1 27.4 23.0 11.2 18.3 27.5 13.8 27.8 40.6 28.6 38.7 40.6 23.8 12.3 33.7 37.9 31.2 40.9 23.1 7.5 32.9 30.6 21.5 21.1 22.3 39.4
49.4 49.5 49.1 63.9 61.3 61.9 81.6 72.3 60.4 74.8 56.3 49.7 9.7 8.8 18.8 8.7 4.7 12.9 18.5 24.4 16.0 11.8 3.0 11.7 21.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 44.6
MEN Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces .................................................................................................. WOMEN Management, business, and financial operations .......................................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ..................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .......................................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ....................................... Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........................................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces .................................................................................................. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
151
Table 1-66. Median Annual Earnings by Educational Attainment and Sex, Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers, Age 25 to 64, 1998–2003 (Thousands of workers, dollars.) Year and sex
Total
Less than a high school diploma
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
1998 Total Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
80 812 32 000
7 353 19 000
25 595 26 300
22 526 31 619
25 338 45 000
Men Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
47 230 36 400
4 872 22 000
14 744 30 000
12 473 36 000
15 142 52 000
Women Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
33 582 27 000
2 482 15 000
10 851 22 000
10 053 26 500
10 197 38 000
Total Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
82 501 33 000
7 208 20 000
25 792 27 000
23 380 33 000
26 120 48 000
Men Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
47 781 38 500
4 693 22 000
14 806 32 000
12 824 39 000
15 459 55 600
Women Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
34 720 27 040
2 516 15 000
10 986 22 000
10 556 27 280
10 662 40 000
Total Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
84 337 35 000
7 354 20 000
26 144 28 600
24 064 34 000
26 775 50 000
Men Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 816 40 000
4 738 22 500
15 057 33 000
13 242 40 000
15 780 60 000
Women Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
35 521 29 000
2 616 16 000
11 087 24 000
10 822 28 000
10 995 40 000
Total Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
84 743 35 000
7 623 20 800
25 522 29 000
23 719 35 000
27 879 50 000
Men Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 887 40 000
5 049 24 000
14 655 33 800
12 968 40 000
16 215 60 000
Women Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
35 856 30 000
2 574 17 000
10 867 24 000
10 751 30 000
11 664 42 000
Total Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
84 702 36 000
7 578 21 000
25 078 30 000
23 604 35 100
28 443 52 000
Men Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 687 41 000
5 102 23 400
14 306 34 000
12 677 41 500
16 602 61 000
Women Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
36 015 30 000
2 476 18 000
10 772 25 000
10 927 30 000
11 841 43 500
Total Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
85 058 37 752
7 245 21 000
25 352 30 000
23 702 36 000
28 759 53 000
Men Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 988 42 000
4 879 24 000
14 657 35 000
12 766 42 000
16 686 62 000
Women Number of workers (thousands) ....................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
36 070 32 000
2 366 18 000
10 695 25 111
10 936 31 000
12 073 45 000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
PART TWO EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
EMPLOYMENT AND HOURS HIGHLIGHTS The employment, hours and earnings data by industry and state in this part are derived from a survey of over 300,000 nonfarm establishments, Current Employment Statistics (CES) Survey. The employment numbers differ from Chapter 1 from the household survey because of the differences in methodology, concepts, definitions, and coverage. Since the data are obtained from payroll records, the data are consistent for industry classifications and the data on hours and earnings are likely to be more accurate.
Percentage Change in Nonfarm Payroll Employment, 1993–2003 6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0 1993
1994
1995
1996
Total private
1997
1998
Manufacturing
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Private service-providing
Employment conditions improved in 2003. Total private employment declined by only a small amount. Service providing industries reversed the decline of the previous year and added a small number of workers. Manufacturing employment continued to decline but at a much slower pace than the sharp drop in the previous year. (Table 2-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The increase in employment in the service-providing sector was largely the result of increases in education and health services. (Table 2-1) • Total government employment, which gave a boost to total employment in 2002, was virtually the same in 2003. (Table 2-1) Four states: California, Texas, New York, and Florida had over 1 million government employees. (Table 2-32) • The proportion of women employed in nonfarm industries increased from 1993 to 2003. However, the increase was largely concentrated in the service-providing sector, both public and private. Seventy-two percent of women were employed in the private service-providing sector in 2003 compared with 69 percent in 1993. Local government employment, which includes teachers, also increased by 26.4 percent from 1993 to 2003. (Table 2-3) • Average weekly hours of production or non-supervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined to 33.7 hours after a decade of relative stability of around 34.3 hours. (Table 2-11) •Aggregate weekly hours of production or non-supervisory workers declined in all major industry sectors except for a small increase in natural resources and mining and utilities. (Table 2-11)
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NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage BLS cooperates with State Employment Security Agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment, hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies, which cover approximately 400,000 individual worksites drawn from a sampling frame of over 8 million unemployment insurance tax accounts. The active CES sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. From these data, a large number of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable industry and geographic detail are prepared and published each month. The most frequently used data collection method is touchtone data entry (TDE). Under the TDE system, the respondent uses a touchtone telephone to call a toll-free number and activate an interview session. The next most frequently used data collection mode is computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). Establishment survey data are adjusted annually to accord with comprehensive counts of employment in March of the preceding year, called “benchmarks.” The adjustments are published with the release of May data each year. The benchmarks are derived mainly from employment reports from all employers subject to unemployment insurance. Each year’s benchmarking results in recalculation of employment data for the current and two previous years. The related series on production and nonsupervisory workers, hours, and earnings are recalculated consistent with the employment benchmarks. Concepts and Definitions Industry classification In 1993, the basis for industry classification changed from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC) to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). SIC-based data will no longer be produced or published by BLS. It will still be available but no longer updated.
raw material inputs are classified together. This information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal activity. Industry employment Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month. The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Defense Intelligence Agency are also excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (for cases in which pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday, or on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire period, or who were hired but have not yet reported during the period. Beginning with the June 2003 publication of May data, the CES national federal government employment series is estimated from a sample of federal establishments, and benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records, and reflects employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES industry series. Previously, the national series was an end-of-month count produced by the Office of Personnel Management.
The foundation of industrial classification with NAICS has changed, in terms of how establishments are classified into industries, and the recognition of businesses in the economy, as they exist today.
The exclusion from the payroll survey of farm employment, self-employment, and domestic service employment accounts in part for the differences in employment figures between the household and payroll surveys. The payroll survey also excludes persons on leave without pay, who are counted as employed in the household survey. Persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls, whereas such persons are only counted once in the household survey.
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their primary activity. Those that use comparable capital equipment, labor, and
Industry hours and earnings. Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
natural resources and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Production and related workers. This category includes working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (for example, power plant), record keeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers. This group includes the following employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, and so forth, engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, and the like, whether working at the site of construction or in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting and pre-assembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory workers. These are employees (not above the working-supervisor level) such as office and clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, such as those for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, and vacation, and for sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not earned in the pay period reported (such as retroactive pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, and so forth, paid by the employer) also are excluded. Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm.
157
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay period that included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1982. For basic industries, the payroll aggregates are the product of average hourly earnings and aggregate weekly hours. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. Average overtime hours. Overtime hours represent that portion of average weekly hours that exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month. Such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry in which little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a “gross” basis. They reflect not only changes in basic
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
hourly and incentive wage rates, but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers’ earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer because the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime-premium pay, are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday pay, late-shift premiums, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate. Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the workforce. For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series. These earnings are in constant dollars and are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earnings and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). The reference year for these series is 1982. Sources of Additional Information For further information on sampling and estimation methods see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, June 1993 and subsequent issues of that monthly publication, BLS news releases and publications on the BLS Web site.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
159
Table 2-1. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL ................................................................. 109 487 108 374 108 726 110 844 114 291 117 298 119 708 122 776 125 930 128 993 131 785 131 826 130 341 129 931 Total private ....................................................
91 072
89 829
89 940
91 855
95 016
97 866 100 169 103 113 106 021 108 686 110 996 110 707 108 828 108 356
Goods–producing ......................................
23 723
22 588
22 095
22 219
22 774
23 156
23 410
23 886
24 354
24 465
24 649
23 873
22 557
21 817
Natural resources and mining .............. Mining ................................................... Oil and gas extraction .......................... Mining, except oil and gas ....................
765 680 190 302
739 661 191 285
689 610 182 272
666 585 171 251
659 577 162 255
641 558 152 252
637 556 147 249
654 571 144 250
645 565 141 243
598 517 131 235
599 520 125 225
606 533 124 219
583 512 122 211
571 502 123 203
Construction ........................................... Construction of buildings ...................... Heavy and civil engineering ................. Specialty trade contractors ...................
5 263 1 413 813 3 037
4 780 1 253 759 2 768
4 608 1 187 734 2 686
4 779 1 227 738 2 814
5 095 1 301 762 3 033
5 274 1 325 775 3 174
5 536 1 380 800 3 355
5 813 1 435 825 3 553
6 149 1 509 865 3 775
6 545 1 586 909 4 050
6 787 1 633 937 4 217
6 826 1 589 953 4 284
6 716 1 575 931 4 210
6 722 1 576 911 4 236
Manufacturing ........................................ Durable goods ...................................... Wood products ................................. Nonmetallic mineral products ........... Primary metals ................................. Fabricated metal products ................ Machinery ......................................... Computer and electronic products ... Electrical equipment and appliances .................................... Transportation equipment ................ Furniture and related products ......... Miscellaneous manufacturing ........... Nondurable goods ................................ Food manufacturing ......................... Beverage and tobacco products ...... Textile mills ...................................... Textile products mills ........................ Apparel ............................................. Paper and paper products ................ Printing and related support activities ...................................... Petroleum and coal products ........... Chemicals ........................................ Plastics and rubber products ............
17 695 10 736 541 528 689 1 610 1 408 1 903
17 068 10 219 499 495 656 1 541 1 346 1 809
16 799 9 945 502 487 630 1 497 1 309 1 707
16 774 9 900 524 491 618 1 510 1 329 1 656
17 021 10 131 561 505 630 1 565 1 379 1 651
17 241 10 372 574 513 642 1 623 1 440 1 688
17 237 10 485 583 517 639 1 648 1 467 1 747
17 419 10 704 595 526 639 1 696 1 494 1 803
17 560 10 910 609 535 642 1 740 1 512 1 831
17 322 10 830 620 541 625 1 728 1 466 1 781
17 263 10 876 613 554 622 1 753 1 455 1 820
16 441 10 335 574 545 571 1 676 1 368 1 749
15 259 9 483 555 516 509 1 549 1 230 1 507
14 525 8 970 536 493 477 1 478 1 154 1 361
633 2 133 601 690 6 959 1 507 218 492 209 929 647
598 2 028 561 687 6 849 1 515 215 480 199 903 639
579 1 977 563 693 6 854 1 518 209 479 202 905 640
576 1 914 575 707 6 873 1 535 207 479 207 883 640
589 1 936 600 714 6 890 1 539 205 478 219 856 639
593 1 977 607 715 6 869 1 560 203 469 219 814 640
591 1 974 604 716 6 752 1 562 204 443 216 743 631
586 2 026 615 723 6 716 1 558 206 436 217 700 631
592 2 077 641 732 6 650 1 555 209 425 217 639 625
588 2 087 665 729 6 492 1 550 208 397 217 556 616
591 2 056 680 733 6 388 1 553 207 378 216 497 605
557 1 938 642 715 6 107 1 551 209 333 206 427 578
497 1 829 604 688 5 775 1 526 207 291 195 360 547
460 1 775 574 663 5 555 1 519 201 260 180 313 519
809 153 1 036 826
792 155 1 024 803
780 152 1 029 819
785 146 1 025 849
802 144 1 005 889
817 140 988 915
816 137 985 920
821 136 987 934
828 135 993 943
815 128 983 948
807 123 980 952
768 121 959 897
707 118 928 848
680 115 908 816
Private service–providing ........................
67 349
67 241
67 845
69 636
72 242
74 710
76 759
79 227
81 667
84 221
86 346
86 834
86 271
86 538
Trade, transportation, and utilities .......
22 666
22 281
22 125
22 378
23 128
23 834
24 239
24 700
25 186
25 771
26 225
25 983
25 497
25 275
Wholesale trade ...................................... Durable goods ...................................... Nondurable goods ................................ Electronic markets, agents, and brokers ............................................
5 268 2 834 1 900
5 185 2 767 1 891
5 110 2 699 1 892
5 093 2 687 1 888
5 247 2 786 1 927
5 433 2 909 1 969
5 522 2 978 1 978
5 664 3 072 2 008
5 795 3 162 2 033
5 893 3 220 2 061
5 933 3 251 2 065
5 773 3 130 2 031
5 652 3 008 2 015
5 606 2 949 2 002
535
527
519
518
534
555
567
584
600
612
618
611
629
654
Retail trade .............................................. Motor vehicle and parts dealer ............. Furniture and home furnishing stores .. Electronic and appliance stores ........... Building material and garden supply store ................................................ Food and beverage stores ................... Health and personal care stores .......... Gasoline stations .................................. Clothing and clothing accessories stores .............................................. Sporting goods, hobby, and music stores ............................................. General merchandise stores ................ Miscellaneous store retailers ................ Nonstore retailers .................................
13 182 1 494 432 382
12 896 1 435 413 381
12 828 1 428 410 378
13 021 1 475 419 387
13 491 1 565 442 417
13 897 1 627 461 449
14 143 1 686 474 470
14 389 1 723 485 494
14 609 1 741 499 510
14 970 1 797 524 542
15 280 1 847 544 564
15 239 1 855 541 555
15 025 1 879 539 525
14 912 1 884 543 512
891 2 779 792 910
863 2 768 789 889
872 2 744 780 876
892 2 775 779 881
946 2 825 797 902
982 2 880 812 922
1 007 2 928 826 946
1 043 2 957 853 956
1 062 2 966 876 961
1 101 2 985 898 944
1 142 2 993 928 936
1 152 2 951 952 925
1 177 2 882 939 896
1 191 2 841 943 880
1 313
1 276
1 249
1 260
1 262
1 246
1 221
1 236
1 269
1 307
1 322
1 321
1 313
1 297
532 2 500 738 419
528 2 417 735 404
534 2 414 737 405
545 2 450 753 405
578 2 541 796 421
606 2 635 841 435
614 2 657 874 439
626 2 658 913 445
635 2 687 950 453
664 2 752 986 472
686 2 820 1 007 492
679 2 842 993 474
661 2 812 960 444
645 2 815 934 428
Transportation and warehousing ......... Air transportation .................................. Rail transportation ................................ Water transportation ............................. Truck transportation ............................. Transit and ground passenger transportation .................................. Pipeline transportation ......................... Scenic and sightseeing transportation .................................. Support activities for transportation ...... Couriers and messengers .................... Warehousing and storage ....................
3 476 529 272 57 1 122
3 463 525 256 57 1 105
3 462 520 248 57 1 107
3 554 517 242 53 1 155
3 701 511 235 52 1 206
3 838 511 233 51 1 249
3 935 526 225 51 1 282
4 027 542 221 51 1 308
4 168 563 225 51 1 354
4 300 586 229 52 1 392
4 410 614 232 56 1 406
4 372 615 227 54 1 387
4 224 564 218 53 1 339
4 177 527 215 53 1 328
274 60
284 61
288 60
300 59
317 57
328 54
339 51
350 50
363 48
371 47
372 46
375 45
381 42
380 40
16 364 375 407
17 377 379 403
18 370 389 406
19 382 414 413
21 405 466 431
22 430 517 444
23 446 540 452
25 473 546 462
25 497 568 474
26 518 586 494
28 537 605 514
29 539 587 514
26 525 561 517
28 516 567 522
160
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-1. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Utilities ..........................................................
740
736
726
711
689
666
640
621
613
609
601
599
596
581
Information .................................................... Publishing industries, except the Internet .................................................. Motion picture and sound recording industry .................................................. Broadcasting, except the Internet ............... Internet publishing and broadcasting ......... Telecommunications .................................. ISPs search portals, and data processing ......................................... Other information services ................
2 688
2 677
2 641
2 668
2 738
2 843
2 940
3 084
3 218
3 419
3 631
3 629
3 395
3 198
Financial activities ....................................... Finance and insurance ............................... Monetary authorities–central bank ............. Credit intermediation .................................. Securities, commodities ............................. Insurance carriers and related activities ................................................. Funds, trust, and other financial vehicles ... Real estate and rental and leasing ............. Real estate ............................................. Rental and leasing services ................... Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ................................................
871
863
854
873
891
911
927
956
982
1 005
1 035
1 021
964
926
255 284 17 980
259 281 16 973
254 280 16 946
260 284 16 942
278 290 17 961
311 298 19 976
335 309 21 997
353 313 24 1 060
370 321 27 1 108
384 329 37 1 180
383 344 51 1 263
377 345 46 1 302
388 334 34 1 187
376 327 30 1 083
252 30
252 33
259 32
263 29
268 33
291 38
312 39
339 40
369 41
439 44
510 46
494 46
441 47
408 48
6 614 4 979 24 2 425 458
6 558 4 937 24 2 352 455
6 540 4 915 24 2 317 476
6 709 5 036 23 2 361 508
6 867 5 135 23 2 376 553
6 827 5 072 23 2 314 562
6 969 5 154 23 2 368 590
7 178 5 305 22 2 434 636
7 462 5 532 22 2 532 692
7 648 5 668 23 2 591 737
7 687 5 680 23 2 548 805
7 807 5 773 23 2 598 831
7 847 5 817 23 2 686 789
7 974 5 921 23 2 786 764
2 016 56 1 635 1 107 514
2 048 58 1 621 1 108 499
2 040 59 1 626 1 115 496
2 083 61 1 674 1 146 511
2 119 64 1 732 1 183 530
2 108 64 1 755 1 179 557
2 108 66 1 814 1 206 588
2 144 70 1 873 1 241 610
2 209 77 1 930 1 274 631
2 236 82 1 979 1 299 653
2 221 85 2 007 1 312 667
2 234 88 2 035 1 340 666
2 233 85 2 030 1 353 649
2 266 82 2 054 1 384 641
14
14
15
17
18
19
21
23
25
27
28
29
28
28
Professional and business services .......... Professional and technical services ........... Management of companies and enterprises .............................................. Administrative and waste services ............. Administrative and support services ........... Waste management and remediation services .................................................
10 848 4 557
10 714 4 527
10 970 4 594
11 495 4 708
12 174 4 844
12 844 5 101
13 462 5 337
14 335 5 656
15 147 6 021
15 957 6 375
16 666 6 734
16 476 6 902
15 976 6 676
15 997 6 624
1 667 4 624 4 395
1 638 4 549 4 317
1 623 4 753 4 516
1 640 5 147 4 898
1 666 5 664 5 403
1 686 6 057 5 783
1 703 6 422 6 140
1 730 6 950 6 659
1 756 7 369 7 070
1 774 7 807 7 497
1 796 8 136 7 823
1 779 7 795 7 478
1 705 7 595 7 277
1 676 7 698 7 376
229
232
237
249
261
273
282
291
299
311
313
317
318
322
Education and health services .................... Educational services .................................. Health care and social assistance .............. Ambulatory health care services ................ Hospitals ..................................................... Nursing and residential health facilities .................................................. Social assistance ........................................
10 984 1 688 9 296 2 842 3 513
11 506 1 737 9 770 3 028 3 617
11 891 1 713 10 178 3 200 3 711
12 303 1 755 10 548 3 386 3 740
12 807 1 895 10 912 3 579 3 724
13 289 2 010 11 278 3 768 3 734
13 683 2 078 11 605 3 940 3 773
14 087 2 155 11 932 4 093 3 822
14 446 2 233 12 214 4 161 3 892
14 798 2 320 12 477 4 227 3 936
15 109 2 390 12 718 4 320 3 954
15 645 2 511 13 134 4 462 4 051
16 199 2 643 13 556 4 633 4 160
16 577 2 689 13 888 4 776 4 253
1 856 1 085
1 972 1 152
2 044 1 223
2 128 1 294
2 227 1 382
2 308 1 470
2 380 1 512
2 443 1 574
2 487 1 673
2 529 1 786
2 583 1 860
2 676 1 946
2 743 2 020
2 784 2 075
Leisure and hospitality ............................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation .............................................. Performing arts and spectator sports ......... Museums, historical sites ........................... Amusements, gambling, and recreation ..... Accommodation and food service .............. Accommodations ........................................ Food services and drinking places ............. Other services ............................................ Repair and maintenance ............................ Personal and laundry services ................... Membership associations and organizations .........................................
9 288
9 256
9 437
9 732
10 100
10 501
10 777
11 018
11 232
11 543
11 862
12 036
11 986
12 125
1 132 273 68 791 8 156 1 616 6 540 4 261 1 009 1 120
1 177 283 71 823 8 079 1 574 6 505 4 249 960 1 109
1 236 290 75 872 8 201 1 562 6 639 4 240 964 1 099
1 302 287 78 937 8 430 1 581 6 850 4 350 998 1 116
1 376 296 82 998 8 724 1 615 7 109 4 428 1 024 1 120
1 459 308 84 1 068 9 042 1 653 7 389 4 572 1 079 1 144
1 522 329 89 1 105 9 254 1 699 7 555 4 690 1 136 1 166
1 600 350 94 1 157 9 418 1 730 7 689 4 825 1 169 1 180
1 645 350 97 1 198 9 586 1 774 7 813 4 976 1 189 1 206
1 709 361 103 1 245 9 834 1 832 8 002 5 087 1 222 1 220
1 788 382 110 1 296 10 074 1 884 8 189 5 168 1 242 1 243
1 824 382 115 1 327 10 211 1 852 8 359 5 258 1 256 1 255
1 783 364 114 1 305 10 203 1 779 8 425 5 372 1 247 1 257
1 801 370 114 1 317 10 324 1 765 8 559 5 393 1 236 1 258
2 050
2 148
2 130
2 181
2 214
2 297
2 327
2 387
2 507
2 579
2 642
2 651
2 799
2 864
Government .......................................................... Federal ............................................................... Federal, except Postal Service ...................... State ................................................................... State, excluding education ............................. Local ................................................................... Local, excluding education ............................
18 415 3 196 2 371 4 305 2 575 10 914 5 012
18 545 3 110 2 296 4 355 2 587 11 081 5 087
18 787 3 111 2 311 4 408 2 610 11 267 5 192
18 989 3 063 2 269 4 488 2 654 11 438 5 232
19 275 3 018 2 197 4 576 2 694 11 682 5 352
19 432 2 949 2 099 4 635 2 716 11 849 5 396
19 539 2 877 2 010 4 606 2 695 12 056 5 464
19 664 2 806 1 940 4 582 2 678 12 276 5 517
19 909 2 772 1 891 4 612 2 690 12 525 5 604
20 307 2 769 1 880 4 709 2 726 12 829 5 709
20 790 2 865 1 985 4 786 2 756 13 139 5 845
21 118 2 764 1 891 4 905 2 792 13 449 5 970
21 513 2 766 1 924 5 029 2 786 13 718 6 063
21 575 2 756 1 947 5 017 2 751 13 802 6 104
161
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-2. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry Groups, SIC Basis, 1948–1989 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
TOTAL ...........................................................
44 866
43 754
45 197
47 819
48 793
50 202
48 990
50 641
52 369
52 855
51 322
53 270
54 189
53 999
Total private ..................................................
39 216
37 897
39 170
41 430
42 185
43 556
42 238
43 727
45 091
45 239
43 483
45 186
45 836
45 404
Goods-producing ......................................... Mining ............................................................. Construction ................................................... Manufacturing ................................................
18 774 994 2 198 15 582
17 565 930 2 194 14 441
18 506 901 2 364 15 241
19 959 929 2 637 16 393
20 198 898 2 668 16 632
21 074 866 2 659 17 549
19 751 791 2 646 16 314
20 513 792 2 839 16 882
21 104 822 3 039 17 243
20 967 828 2 962 17 176
19 513 751 2 817 15 945
20 411 732 3 004 16 675
20 434 712 2 926 16 796
19 857 672 2 859 16 326
Service–producing ....................................... Transportation and public utilities ................... Wholesale trade ............................................. Retail trade ..................................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... Services .........................................................
26 092 4 189 2 612 6 659 1 800 5 181
26 189 4 001 2 610 6 654 1 828 5 239
26 691 4 034 2 643 6 743 1 888 5 356
27 860 4 226 2 735 7 007 1 956 5 547
28 595 4 248 2 821 7 184 2 035 5 699
29 128 4 290 2 862 7 385 2 111 5 835
29 239 4 084 2 875 7 360 2 200 5 969
30 128 4 141 2 934 7 601 2 298 6 240
31 264 4 244 3 027 7 831 2 389 6 497
31 889 4 241 3 037 7 848 2 438 6 708
31 811 3 976 2 989 7 761 2 481 6 765
32 857 4 011 3 092 8 035 2 549 7 087
33 755 4 004 3 153 8 238 2 628 7 378
34 142 3 903 3 142 8 195 2 688 7 619
Government .................................................. Federal ........................................................... State ............................................................... Local ...............................................................
5 650 1 863 ... ...
5 856 1 908 ... ...
6 026 1 928 ... ...
6 389 2 302 ... ...
6 609 2 420 ... ...
6 645 2 305 ... ...
6 751 2 188 ... ...
6 914 2 187 1 168 3 558
7 278 2 209 1 250 3 819
7 616 2 217 1 328 4 071
7 839 2 191 1 415 4 232
8 083 2 233 1 484 4 366
8 353 2 270 1 536 4 547
8 594 2 279 1 607 4 708
Industry
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
TOTAL ...........................................................
55 549
56 653
58 283
60 763
63 901
65 803
67 897
70 384
70 880
71 211
73 675
76 790
78 265
76 945
Total private ..................................................
46 660
47 429
48 686
50 689
53 116
54 413
56 058
58 189
58 325
58 331
60 341
63 058
64 095
62 259
Goods-producing ......................................... Mining ............................................................. Construction ................................................... Manufacturing ................................................
20 451 650 2 948 16 853
20 640 635 3 010 16 995
21 005 634 3 097 17 274
21 926 632 3 232 18 062
23 158 627 3 317 19 214
23 308 613 3 248 19 447
23 737 606 3 350 19 781
24 361 619 3 575 20 167
23 578 623 3 588 19 367
22 935 609 3 704 18 623
23 668 628 3 889 19 151
24 893 642 4 097 20 154
24 794 697 4 020 20 077
22 600 752 3 525 18 323
Service–producing ....................................... Transportation and public utilities ................... Wholesale trade ............................................. Retail trade ..................................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... Services .........................................................
35 098 3 906 3 207 8 359 2 754 7 982
36 013 3 903 3 258 8 520 2 830 8 277
37 278 3 951 3 347 8 812 2 911 8 660
38 839 4 036 3 477 9 239 2 977 9 036
40 743 4 158 3 608 9 637 3 058 9 498
42 495 4 268 3 700 9 906 3 185 10 045
44 158 4 318 3 791 10 308 3 337 10 567
46 023 4 442 3 919 10 785 3 512 11 169
47 302 4 515 4 006 11 034 3 645 11 548
48 276 4 476 4 014 11 338 3 772 11 797
50 007 4 541 4 127 11 822 3 908 12 276
51 897 4 656 4 291 12 315 4 046 12 857
53 471 4 725 4 447 12 539 4 148 13 441
54 345 4 542 4 430 12 630 4 165 13 892
Government .................................................. Federal ........................................................... State ............................................................... Local ...............................................................
8 890 2 340 1 668 4 881
9 225 2 358 1 747 5 121
9 596 2 348 1 856 5 392
10 074 2 378 1 996 5 700
10 784 2 564 2 141 6 080
11 391 2 719 2 302 6 371
11 839 2 737 2 442 6 660
12 195 2 758 2 533 6 904
12 554 2 731 2 664 7 158
12 881 2 696 2 747 7 437
13 334 2 684 2 859 7 790
13 732 2 663 2 923 8 146
14 170 2 724 3 039 8 407
14 686 2 748 3 179 8 758
1986
1987
1988
1989
Industry
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
TOTAL ...........................................................
79 382
82 471
86 697
89 823
90 406
91 152
89 544
90 152
94 408
97 387
99 344
101 958
105 209
107 884
Total private ..................................................
64 511
67 344
71 026
73 876
74 166
75 121
73 707
74 282
78 384
80 992
82 651
84 948
87 823
90 105
Goods-producing ......................................... Mining ............................................................. Construction ................................................... Manufacturing ................................................
23 352 779 3 576 18 997
24 346 813 3 851 19 682
25 585 851 4 229 20 505
26 461 958 4 463 21 040
25 658 1 027 4 346 20 285
25 497 1 139 4 188 20 170
23 812 1 128 3 904 18 780
23 330 952 3 946 18 432
24 718 966 4 380 19 372
24 842 927 4 668 19 248
24 533 777 4 810 18 947
24 674 717 4 958 18 999
25 125 713 5 098 19 314
25 254 692 5 171 19 391
Service–producing ....................................... Transportation and public utilities ................... Wholesale trade ............................................. Retail trade ..................................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... Services .........................................................
56 030 4 582 4 562 13 193 4 271 14 551
58 125 4 713 4 723 13 792 4 467 15 302
61 113 4 923 4 985 14 556 4 724 16 252
63 363 5 136 5 221 14 972 4 975 17 112
64 748 5 146 5 292 15 018 5 160 17 890
65 655 5 165 5 375 15 171 5 298 18 615
65 732 5 081 5 295 15 158 5 340 19 021
66 821 4 952 5 283 15 587 5 466 19 664
69 690 5 156 5 568 16 512 5 684 20 746
72 544 5 233 5 727 17 315 5 948 21 927
74 811 5 247 5 761 17 880 6 273 22 957
77 284 5 362 5 848 18 422 6 533 24 110
80 084 5 512 6 030 19 023 6 630 25 504
82 630 5 614 6 187 19 475 6 668 26 907
Government .................................................. Federal ........................................................... State ............................................................... Local ...............................................................
14 871 2 733 3 273 8 865
15 127 2 727 3 377 9 023
15 672 2 753 3 474 9 446
15 947 2 773 3 541 9 633
16 241 2 866 3 610 9 765
16 031 2 772 3 640 9 619
15 837 2 739 3 640 9 458
15 869 2 774 3 662 9 434
16 024 2 807 3 734 9 482
16 394 2 875 3 832 9 687
16 693 2 899 3 893 9 901
17 010 2 943 3 967 10 100
17 386 2 971 4 076 10 339
17 779 2 988 4 182 10 609
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
162
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-3. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL NONFARM ..............................................
51 586
51 681
52 132
53 175
54 759
56 213
57 406
58 914
60 309
61 810
63 222
63 683
63 360
63 197
Total private ........................................................
41 731
41 696
41 970
42 849
44 228
45 514
46 573
47 923
49 144
50 358
51 452
51 669
51 033
50 867
Goods-producing ............................................... Natural resources and mining .............................. Construction ........................................................ Manufacturing ......................................................
6 470 112 656 5 702
6 243 114 628 5 501
6 119 109 599 5 410
6 090 105 609 5 377
6 168 102 636 5 430
6 225 98 666 5 462
6 214 96 700 5 417
6 294 99 730 5 466
6 353 100 769 5 484
6 299 96 818 5 386
6 297 92 846 5 359
5 961 90 832 5 039
5 486 85 827 4 574
5 196 80 820 4 296
Private service-providing .................................. Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................ Wholesale trade ................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... Transportation and warehousing .......................... Utilities .................................................................. Information ........................................................... Financial activities ................................................ Professional and business services ..................... Educational and health services .......................... Leisure and hospitality ......................................... Other services ......................................................
35 262 9 363 1 611 6 696 879 177 1 324 4 055 5 105 8 422 4 829 2 164
35 453 9 243 1 587 6 588 891 177 1 319 4 036 5 026 8 840 4 806 2 184
35 851 9 176 1 565 6 534 901 176 1 295 4 022 5 160 9 141 4 876 2 181
36 759 9 259 1 554 6 599 932 174 1 304 4 114 5 399 9 454 4 994 2 236
38 061 9 564 1 607 6 813 974 169 1 334 4 196 5 682 9 822 5 192 2 269
39 289 9 870 1 668 7 021 1 018 163 1 380 4 164 5 979 10 181 5 382 2 333
40 360 10 043 1 701 7 142 1 043 157 1 433 4 241 6 273 10 474 5 520 2 376
41 629 10 230 1 746 7 272 1 060 153 1 481 4 359 6 705 10 779 5 640 2 435
42 791 10 413 1 778 7 380 1 103 152 1 514 4 515 7 030 11 042 5 760 2 517
44 059 10 658 1 809 7 543 1 154 152 1 600 4 605 7 370 11 323 5 933 2 570
45 155 10 859 1 827 7 680 1 202 151 1 697 4 638 7 680 11 586 6 082 2 614
45 708 10 768 1 770 7 635 1 212 151 1 684 4 726 7 591 12 037 6 224 2 677
45 547 10 466 1 718 7 449 1 149 150 1 554 4 755 7 314 12 474 6 215 2 769
45 670 10 313 1 701 7 333 1 132 148 1 432 4 828 7 254 12 777 6 294 2 774
Government ........................................................ Federal ................................................................. State .................................................................... Local .....................................................................
9 855 1 378 2 137 6 340
9 985 1 329 2 173 6 483
10 162 1 335 2 197 6 630
10 326 1 321 2 238 6 767
10 531 1 306 2 281 6 943
10 698 1 285 2 326 7 088
10 832 1 261 2 316 7 255
10 991 1 240 2 324 7 426
11 164 1 184 2 354 7 627
11 452 1 174 2 412 7 866
11 771 1 231 2 464 8 076
12 015 1 148 2 534 8 333
12 327 1 155 2 621 8 551
12 330 1 170 2 607 8 554
163
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-4. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1959–1989 (Thousands of people.) Manufacturing Year
Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Transportation and Wholepublic sale trade Nondurable goods utilities
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and Services real estate
Government
Total
Federal
State
Local
1959 ..............................
...
...
...
4 358
1 692
2 667
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1960 .............................. 1961 .............................. 1962 .............................. 1963 .............................. 1964 ..............................
... ... ... ... 19 662
36 35 35 35 34
... ... ... ... 152
4 371 4 292 4 474 4 482 4 537
1 702 1 662 1 770 1 767 1 777
2 670 2 630 2 705 2 715 2 760
... ... ... ... 723
717 703 712 720 741
3 579 3 564 3 643 3 708 3 878
... ... ... ... 1 464
... ... ... ... 4 415
... ... ... ... 3 718
... ... ... ... 530
... ... ... ... 708
... ... ... ... 2 480
1965 .............................. 1966 .............................. 1967 .............................. 1968 .............................. 1969 ..............................
20 660 22 168 23 272 24 395 25 595
34 34 35 36 37
152 156 158 164 174
4 768 5 213 5 353 5 490 5 667
1 911 2 204 2 300 2 361 2 469
2 857 3 009 3 053 3 129 3 197
748 786 835 860 911
768 809 832 857 904
4 113 4 315 4 465 4 669 4 937
1 496 1 549 1 624 1 709 1 819
4 611 4 931 5 267 5 632 5 994
3 970 4 375 4 703 4 979 5 153
542 610 674 710 723
768 841 931 1 013 1 087
2 660 2 924 3 099 3 256 3 343
1970 .............................. 1971 .............................. 1972 .............................. 1973 .............................. 1974 ..............................
26 132 26 466 27 541 28 988 30 124
37 37 40 43 49
186 199 219 241 262
5 448 5 229 5 470 5 865 5 849
2 307 2 152 2 280 2 567 2 618
3 141 3 078 3 190 3 298 3 230
957 955 953 987 1 018
924 917 939 996 1 050
5 083 5 211 5 410 5 686 5 928
1 907 1 978 2 032 2 138 2 245
6 224 6 438 6 718 7 023 7 454
5 365 5 502 5 759 6 010 6 270
723 715 747 780 798
1 126 1 118 1 162 1 216 1 287
3 517 3 669 3 849 4 014 4 185
1975 .............................. 1976 .............................. 1977 .............................. 1978 .............................. 1979 ..............................
30 178 31 570 33 252 35 349 37 096
55 60 65 76 91
256 281 304 331 355
5 257 5 607 5 880 6 237 6 466
2 271 2 444 2 645 2 894 3 085
2 985 3 163 3 235 3 343 3 380
996 1 010 1 051 1 133 1 237
1 053 1 100 1 153 1 243 1 328
5 998 6 301 6 611 7 036 7 369
2 287 2 371 2 511 2 708 2 882
7 822 8 256 8 771 9 368 9 919
6 454 6 586 6 907 7 216 7 450
805 808 856 866 860
1 373 1 448 1 510 1 537 1 572
4 276 4 329 4 540 4 813 5 018
1980 .............................. 1981 .............................. 1982 .............................. 1983 .............................. 1984 ..............................
38 186 39 035 39 041 39 826 42 022
105 129 134 117 118
372 380 377 388 427
6 317 6 341 5 990 5 964 6 295
3 003 3 029 2 822 2 788 3 031
3 314 3 312 3 168 3 176 3 265
1 292 1 340 1 339 1 313 1 386
1 371 1 404 1 424 1 463 1 557
7 480 7 585 7 653 7 912 8 519
3 039 3 158 3 198 3 277 3 430
10 452 10 969 11 330 11 755 12 413
7 759 7 730 7 595 7 637 7 878
908 878 883 939 975
1 632 1 659 1 637 1 584 1 678
5 219 5 193 5 075 5 114 5 224
1985 .............................. 1986 .............................. 1987 .............................. 1988 .............................. 1989 ..............................
43 851 45 476 47 188 49 053 50 690
120 106 95 96 94
463 495 523 539 547
6 230 6 181 6 242 6 352 6 399
3 022 2 974 2 987 3 032 3 048
3 208 3 207 3 255 3 320 3 351
1 448 1 480 1 532 1 619 1 643
1 632 1 684 1 736 1 815 1 891
9 037 9 404 9 764 10 113 10 384
3 634 3 886 4 076 4 134 4 188
13 129 13 819 14 549 15 454 16 296
8 159 8 420 8 672 8 931 9 248
1 009 1 031 1 048 1 060 1 105
1 776 1 848 1 919 2 000 2 070
5 374 5 541 5 705 5 870 6 073
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
164
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-5. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL PRIVATE .................................................
73 684
72 520
72 786
74 591
77 382
79 845
81 773
84 158
86 316
88 430
90 336
89 983
88 393
87 606
Goods–producing .............................................. Natural resources and mining .............................. Construction ......................................................... Manufacturing ......................................................
17 322 538 4 115 12 669
16 352 515 3 674 12 164
16 043 478 3 546 12 020
16 236 462 3 704 12 070
16 795 461 3 973 12 361
17 137 458 4 113 12 566
17 318 461 4 325 12 532
17 698 479 4 546 12 673
18 008 473 4 807 12 729
18 067 438 5 105 12 524
18 169 446 5 295 12 428
17 466 457 5 332 11 677
16 400 436 5 196 10 768
15 731 419 5 112 10 200
Private service–providing ................................. Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................ Wholesale trade ................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... Transportation and warehousing ..........................
56 362 19 032 4 198 11 308 2 941
56 168 18 640 4 122 11 008 2 928
56 743 18 506 4 071 10 931 2 934
58 355 18 752 4 072 11 104 3 019
60 587 19 392 4 196 11 502 3 153
62 708 19 984 4 361 11 841 3 260
64 455 20 325 4 423 12 057 3 339
66 460 20 698 4 523 12 274 3 407
68 308 21 059 4 605 12 440 3 522
70 363 21 576 4 673 12 772 3 642
72 167 21 965 4 686 13 040 3 753
72 517 21 709 4 555 12 952 3 718
71 993 21 337 4 474 12 774 3 611
71 875 21 066 4 395 12 649 3 556
Utilities .................................................................. Information ........................................................... Financial activities ................................................ Professional and business services ..................... Educational and health services ..........................
585 1 866 4 973 8 889 9 748
582 1 871 4 911 8 748 10 212
570 1 871 4 908 8 971 10 555
557 1 896 5 057 9 451 10 908
541 1 928 5 183 10 078 11 338
522 2 007 5 165 10 645 11 765
506 2 096 5 279 11 161 12 123
494 2 181 5 415 11 896 12 478
492 2 217 5 605 12 566 12 791
489 2 351 5 728 13 184 13 089
485 2 502 5 737 13 790 13 362
483 2 530 5 810 13 588 13 846
478 2 398 5 872 13 049 14 311
467 2 354 5 965 12 923 14 523
Leisure and hospitality ......................................... Other services ......................................................
8 299 3 555
8 247 3 539
8 406 3 526
8 667 3 623
8 979 3 689
9 330 3 812
9 565 3 907
9 780 4 013
9 947 4 124
10 216 4 219
10 516 4 296
10 662 4 373
10 576 4 449
10 626 4 419
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
165
Table 2-6. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Thousands of people.) Manufacturing Year
Total private
Mining
Construction Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
33 747 34 489 33 159
871 906 839
1 786 1 954 1 949
12 990 12 910 11 790
7 064 6 962 6 158
5 926 5 950 5 633
... ... ...
2 248 2 361 2 354
6 000 6 275 6 248
1 436 1 496 1 517
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
34 349 36 225 36 643 37 694 36 276
816 840 801 765 686
2 101 2 343 2 360 2 341 2 316
12 523 13 368 13 359 14 055 12 817
6 741 7 514 7 583 8 186 7 226
5 781 5 854 5 777 5 869 5 591
... ... ... ... ...
2 382 2 456 2 533 2 554 2 536
6 368 6 642 6 807 6 964 6 928
1 565 1 622 1 683 1 742 1 807
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
37 500 38 495 38 384 36 608 38 080
680 702 695 611 590
2 477 2 653 2 577 2 420 2 577
13 288 13 436 13 189 11 997 12 603
7 580 7 701 7 581 6 611 7 065
5 708 5 735 5 607 5 387 5 538
... ... ... ... ...
2 574 2 645 2 639 2 572 2 661
7 109 7 296 7 292 7 174 7 434
1 889 1 961 1 998 2 029 2 086
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38 516 37 989 38 979 39 553 40 560
570 532 512 498 497
2 497 2 426 2 500 2 562 2 637
12 586 12 083 12 488 12 555 12 781
7 060 6 650 6 967 7 059 7 245
5 526 5 433 5 521 5 495 5 537
... ... ... ... 3 490
2 705 2 684 2 726 2 758 2 832
7 618 7 558 7 682 7 811 8 037
2 145 2 189 2 237 2 291 2 346
... ... ... ... 7 939
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 278 44 249 45 137 46 473 48 208
494 487 469 461 472
2 749 2 818 2 741 2 822 3 012
13 434 14 296 14 308 14 514 14 767
7 746 8 400 8 396 8 489 8 683
5 688 5 895 5 912 6 024 6 084
3 561 3 638 3 718 3 757 3 863
2 932 3 033 3 095 3 164 3 271
8 426 8 787 9 026 9 378 9 822
2 388 2 441 2 533 2 651 2 797
8 295 8 749 9 246 9 727 10 205
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48 156 48 148 49 939 52 201 52 809
473 455 475 486 530
2 990 3 071 3 257 3 405 3 294
14 044 13 544 14 045 14 838 14 638
8 088 7 697 8 025 8 699 8 634
5 956 5 847 6 022 6 138 6 004
3 914 3 872 3 943 4 034 4 079
3 340 3 327 3 418 3 560 3 683
10 034 10 288 10 717 11 152 11 316
2 879 2 936 3 024 3 121 3 169
10 481 10 655 11 059 11 606 12 100
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
50 991 52 897 55 179 58 156 60 367
571 592 618 638 719
2 808 2 814 3 021 3 354 3 565
13 043 13 638 14 135 14 734 15 068
7 532 7 888 8 280 8 777 9 082
5 510 5 750 5 855 5 956 5 986
3 894 3 918 4 008 4 142 4 299
3 650 3 759 3 892 4 109 4 290
11 373 11 890 12 424 13 110 13 458
3 173 3 243 3 397 3 593 3 776
12 479 13 043 13 683 14 476 15 193
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60 331 60 923 59 468 60 028 63 339
762 841 821 673 686
3 421 3 261 2 998 3 031 3 404
14 214 14 020 12 742 12 528 13 280
8 416 8 270 7 290 7 095 7 715
5 798 5 751 5 451 5 433 5 565
4 293 4 283 4 190 4 072 4 258
4 328 4 375 4 261 4 239 4 466
13 484 13 582 13 594 13 989 14 736
3 907 3 999 3 996 4 066 4 226
15 921 16 562 16 867 17 429 18 284
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 475 66 866 68 771 71 099 73 017
658 545 511 512 493
3 655 3 770 3 870 3 980 4 035
13 084 12 864 12 952 13 193 13 230
7 618 7 399 7 409 7 582 7 594
5 466 5 465 5 543 5 611 5 636
4 335 4 339 4 446 4 555 4 655
4 607 4 623 4 685 4 858 4 981
15 421 15 925 16 378 16 869 17 262
4 410 4 637 4 797 4 811 4 829
19 305 20 163 21 132 22 323 23 532
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
166
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-7. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry
TOTAL .................................................................
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
7 396
7 000
6 852
6 879
7 132
7 351
7 425
7 597
7 720
7 650
7 658
7 163
6 529
6 157
Wood products ..................................................... 449.9 Nonmetallic mineral products ............................... 413.2 Primary metals ..................................................... 525.1 Fabricated metal products .................................... 1 190.1 Machinery ............................................................. 937.6
412.8 384.1 496.9 1 131.6 883.6
417.0 378.4 478.7 1 101.0 856.3
436.8 380.7 473.3 1 116.9 874.1
468.7 392.3 487.4 1 172.0 921.1
477.5 399.7 500.3 1 223.0 968.5
484.9 404.8 500.3 1 241.6 983.2
496.6 412.5 501.6 1 285.3 1 005.5
507.9 420.6 505.3 1 319.6 1 014.7
514.4 426.0 491.9 1 304.9 977.0
505.6 439.5 490.0 1 325.8 959.9
468.3 427.1 446.9 1 253.5 889.1
448.7 398.8 396.2 1 147.0 785.4
431.9 373.6 369.7 1 092.0 733.7
Computer and electronic products ....................... 980.2 Electrical equipment and appliances .................... 465.2 Transportation equipment .................................... 1 472.5 Furniture and related products ............................. 475.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................... 487.2
925.6 435.6 1 405.5 440.0 484.2
876.3 425.0 1 387.7 442.8 489.1
856.4 421.8 1 366.1 454.2 498.2
863.9 434.7 1 414.6 475.7 502.1
890.3 438.4 1 471.1 480.0 502.2
915.2 433.9 1 480.0 477.9 503.3
951.1 427.7 1 520.8 489.7 506.6
964.7 431.8 1 529.2 512.1 514.3
932.9 433.2 1 525.4 532.4 512.2
949.3 433.1 1 496.7 544.3 513.2
875.8 402.2 1 397.7 509.0 493.1
744.1 351.9 1 309.3 474.8 472.5
675.8 319.8 1 270.8 444.7 444.9
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
167
Table 2-8. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Series, 1939–1989 (Thousands of people.) Primary metal industries Year
Total
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Transportation equipment Industrial Electronic Fabricatmachinery and other ed metal and electrical products equipment equipment
Total
InstruMiscellaments and neous Motor related manufacvehicles products turing and equipment
1939 1940 1945 1950
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 926 4 506 7 571 6 741
... ... ... 777.2
... ... ... 301.8
297.0 310.7 334.4 447.6
... ... ... 1 030.5
452.6 519.6 527.3 586.8
... ... ... 861.5
... ... ... 938.6
... ... ... ...
539.5 710.7 2 057.4 1 016.4
388.3 448.6 519.7 677.1
... ... ... ...
... ... ... 343.7
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 580 7 701 7 581 6 611 7 065
706.3 696.0 622.0 581.8 628.5
292.6 300.6 298.2 284.4 305.7
469.1 479.9 466.5 433.5 469.7
1 069.4 1 084.6 1 071.4 890.8 914.2
604.5 595.4 600.1 486.5 470.9
974.5 977.0 989.1 892.2 939.5
1 082.1 1 170.9 1 155.6 956.3 1 038.9
... ... ... ... ...
1 418.1 1 366.2 1 394.5 1 128.8 1 183.8
718.3 619.5 601.7 452.5 537.5
... ... ... ... ...
330.4 333.1 315.3 299.5 312.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 060 6 650 6 967 7 059 7 245
595.8 551.4 562.7 565.8 574.8
303.5 289.5 304.5 308.7 320.9
465.5 444.4 452.3 458.1 467.4
956.9 880.8 901.5 911.7 967.1
528.4 478.4 476.3 479.1 515.6
943.4 896.5 944.8 965.4 992.2
1 047.4 987.3 1 049.4 1 070.9 1 131.8
... ... ... ... ...
1 134.6 1 029.2 1 096.5 1 142.9 1 144.7
563.3 479.1 534.0 573.6 579.2
... ... ... ... ...
314.3 303.5 313.2 310.4 317.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 746 8 400 8 396 8 489 8 683
579.3 587.4 570.6 581.0 594.3
340.3 364.4 357.6 371.5 382.9
477.8 489.9 473.5 482.0 498.5
1 022.7 1 055.5 1 015.7 1 002.6 1 042.2
538.4 530.9 509.5 506.2 513.6
1 059.5 1 158.9 1 204.8 1 243.5 1 283.6
1 227.4 1 358.1 1 383.2 1 357.5 1 397.1
... ... ... ... ...
1 259.2 1 385.3 1 390.9 1 449.9 1 443.3
658.9 670.3 626.9 680.8 708.0
... ... ... ... ...
335.5 346.1 338.3 340.4 344.6
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 088 7 697 8 025 8 699 8 634
563.5 588.4 636.7 664.9 618.1
362.4 364.5 400.4 420.0 401.9
484.9 485.5 515.5 545.8 539.1
999.7 923.3 932.9 1 010.5 1 029.5
499.7 454.6 452.6 484.8 487.3
1 188.3 1 128.0 1 189.1 1 276.7 1 255.9
1 335.8 1 195.1 1 258.4 1 415.9 1 494.3
... ... ... ... ...
1 222.7 1 196.1 1 225.7 1 324.1 1 256.3
605.3 655.4 676.0 754.9 687.5
... ... ... ... ...
328.7 317.6 339.9 356.4 353.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 532 7 888 8 280 8 777 9 082
525.6 585.4 625.8 656.5 663.7
337.3 364.0 381.8 406.3 405.9
472.7 486.2 504.6 524.9 529.1
886.6 904.4 922.1 954.3 986.4
428.1 430.5 432.6 441.7 451.3
1 089.6 1 138.2 1 197.5 1 269.3 1 298.3
1 350.2 1 352.0 1 434.7 1 540.0 1 648.2
... ... ... ... ...
1 141.7 1 222.5 1 277.0 1 369.5 1 408.5
602.4 682.4 734.7 781.7 764.4
... ... ... ... ...
310.6 328.7 334.2 344.5 338.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 416 8 270 7 290 7 095 7 715
587.2 562.5 496.7 555.3 598.2
375.8 373.8 341.8 356.1 389.9
486.0 464.8 412.7 411.6 431.0
877.6 861.9 683.4 619.8 651.4
395.7 391.6 293.9 256.3 256.8
1 194.3 1 170.6 1 027.5 993.6 1 078.4
1 614.4 1 592.4 1 367.1 1 206.9 1 342.3
... ... ... ... ...
1 220.3 1 206.8 1 067.7 1 084.8 1 202.5
575.4 586.0 511.9 568.3 663.9
... ... ... ... ...
313.1 302.1 276.4 266.7 277.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 618 7 399 7 409 7 582 7 594
592.2 605.0 627.8 638.9 625.7
393.6 397.4 412.0 420.2 417.7
426.7 426.2 428.7 442.7 443.6
611.4 565.3 562.2 589.0 588.9
231.5 208.7 202.8 215.4 215.2
1 082.9 1 051.0 1 037.6 1 061.5 1 070.4
1 319.8 1 233.7 1 203.4 1 256.1 1 281.5
... ... ... 1 112.3 1 101.7
1 243.6 1 258.0 1 278.2 1 272.8 1 277.7
684.5 670.2 673.1 667.4 663.8
... ... ... 508.0 509.4
264.0 261.6 269.4 280.3 277.6
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
168
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-9. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people.) Industry
TOTAL .................................................................
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
5 273
5 164
5 168
5 192
5 229
5 215
5 107
5 076
5 009
4 873
4 770
4 514
4 239
4 043
Food manufacturing ............................................. 1 165.0 Beverage and tobacco products .......................... 117.2 Textile mills .......................................................... 417.9 Textile product mills ............................................. 170.1 Apparel ................................................................. 830.0
1 174.2 116.9 407.2 160.9 805.1
1 182.0 116.2 406.0 163.0 809.8
1 195.3 117.6 403.9 167.2 788.0
1 200.4 118.2 403.3 176.0 763.1
1 221.0 117.3 393.2 176.3 719.3
1 227.7 120.1 371.7 173.4 650.2
1 227.7 121.4 367.1 174.7 611.5
1 227.6 122.5 357.2 173.9 549.9
1 228.7 120.1 333.7 173.4 471.8
1 227.9 116.9 315.2 171.8 415.4
1 221.3 115.6 275.8 163.9 351.2
1 202.3 119.5 242.2 153.7 294.3
1 193.5 106.9 216.0 141.7 249.0
Leather and allied products .................................. Paper and paper products .................................... Printing and related support ................................. Petroleum and coal products ............................... Chemicals ............................................................
116.6 493.2 597.6 97.5 620.3
107.5 488.4 581.7 97.4 599.7
104.4 489.9 573.6 96.8 586.2
101.4 490.9 579.7 93.0 590.1
97.2 492.8 591.4 90.9 595.6
88.5 493.8 599.1 88.8 598.4
78.5 487.5 594.0 87.2 595.1
73.6 488.7 597.0 87.8 593.3
67.0 484.1 598.4 87.1 600.6
59.9 474.0 585.1 84.6 595.2
55.4 467.5 575.7 83.1 587.7
46.8 446.3 544.4 80.9 562.2
40.0 421.4 492.6 78.0 531.9
35.4 394.9 470.9 74.6 525.4
Plastics and rubber products ................................
647.7
624.8
639.8
664.7
699.6
719.8
721.3
732.7
740.4
747.0
753.6
705.3
662.7
634.7
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
169
Table 2-10. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Basis, 1939–1989 (Thousands of people.)
Industry
Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaLeather and leather neous plastics products products
1939 ...................................................... 1940 ...................................................... 1945 ......................................................
4 392 4 434 5 438
989.0 1 003.0 1 380.0
... ... ...
1 108.0 1 090.0 1 074.0
814.0 819.0 973.0
264.6 276.8 342.8
320.0 321.0 381.0
252.0 274.0 518.0
100.0 105.0 148.0
149.0 161.0 255.0
349.0 337.0 325.0
1950 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 781 5 708 5 735 5 607 5 387 5 538
1 331.0 1 291.7 1 302.1 1 263.2 1 222.0 1 222.1
95.0 94.4 90.1 85.3 84.1 83.9
1 169.0 961.6 944.3 893.3 832.5 857.4
1 080.0 1 086.4 1 088.1 1 072.0 1 039.5 1 091.4
413.0 450.6 461.5 460.3 451.2 468.7
494.0 539.0 559.6 563.7 563.2 575.1
461.0 518.1 525.7 519.7 493.7 505.6
165.0 163.2 161.2 156.6 146.9 139.9
279.0 316.3 319.5 318.1 290.2 317.7
355.0 344.0 340.9 331.0 318.2 332.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 526 5 433 5 521 5 495 5 537
1 211.8 1 191.1 1 178.4 1 167.1 1 157.3
83.3 79.6 78.7 76.6 78.4
835.1 805.0 812.1 793.4 798.2
1 098.2 1 079.6 1 122.9 1 138.0 1 158.3
476.5 474.9 482.8 483.2 485.6
588.9 591.7 594.5 590.3 602.1
509.9 505.0 519.3 525.3 529.4
137.9 129.9 125.5 119.9 114.2
320.5 314.7 343.3 349.8 364.1
320.9 316.4 318.9 307.8 305.5
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 688 5 895 5 912 6 024 6 084
1 159.1 1 180.0 1 187.3 1 191.6 1 201.8
74.8 71.8 73.9 71.9 69.6
826.7 858.8 850.2 880.7 884.0
1 205.6 1 245.7 1 237.2 1 240.1 1 237.9
494.4 514.9 522.9 532.7 547.0
620.6 646.4 661.6 667.0 681.7
546.1 574.3 592.3 609.9 621.9
112.9 114.7 114.7 118.0 112.2
394.3 427.1 425.3 463.2 491.3
310.0 318.5 303.7 306.3 294.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 956 5 847 6 022 6 138 6 004
1 206.9 1 203.2 1 191.8 1 166.8 1 163.6
69.0 63.4 62.2 64.8 63.8
855.0 837.2 866.6 886.2 842.2
1 196.4 1 177.5 1 208.0 1 249.7 1 174.9
539.6 518.4 528.1 539.6 540.8
679.0 658.0 665.7 672.9 660.4
604.0 587.8 592.8 610.5 623.0
118.2 124.1 125.1 123.9 126.1
472.7 478.5 524.8 579.1 576.5
273.4 257.1 256.4 245.0 232.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 510 5 750 5 855 5 956 5 986
1 120.3 1 145.1 1 161.0 1 173.9 1 190.8
62.4 63.6 57.0 56.2 55.5
752.4 800.4 792.3 783.1 770.9
1 066.6 1 134.3 1 129.4 1 144.6 1 116.8
476.6 505.0 514.8 521.3 532.1
624.0 624.7 646.5 671.9 697.2
579.6 600.1 616.0 627.6 633.3
123.0 127.8 131.3 135.5 137.1
492.7 521.6 587.7 622.1 643.0
212.6 227.0 218.4 220.4 209.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 798 5 751 5 451 5 433 5 565
1 174.6 1 149.5 1 125.5 1 113.5 1 118.9
53.6 54.7 53.4 52.0 48.6
736.9 712.5 642.1 639.2 645.6
1 079.4 1 059.5 981.2 983.5 1 002.1
519.3 515.0 490.7 491.2 508.1
698.9 699.3 699.1 711.5 757.7
625.8 628.3 598.6 578.6 582.8
124.7 133.9 119.9 118.0 111.3
588.2 596.8 557.8 574.2 632.2
196.6 201.1 182.9 171.1 158.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 466 5 465 5 543 5 611 5 636
1 117.0 1 129.4 1 145.1 1 154.8 1 176.2
48.0 44.1 41.5 40.7 37.0
606.3 608.1 629.5 631.8 621.9
943.9 926.0 921.7 912.4 906.8
508.4 507.2 512.3 516.3 520.5
787.9 815.7 839.4 863.6 863.2
577.4 567.6 574.6 596.0 603.1
108.5 105.9 106.8 104.3 101.8
631.7 638.5 652.6 673.5 691.5
136.6 122.7 119.7 117.8 114.1
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
170
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-11. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL PRIVATE .................................................
34.3
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.5
34.3
34.3
34.5
34.5
34.3
34.3
34.0
33.9
33.7
Goods–producing .............................................. Natural resources and mining .............................. Construction ......................................................... Manufacturing ......................................................
40.1 45.0 38.3 40.5
40.1 45.3 38.1 40.4
40.2 44.6 38.0 40.7
40.6 44.9 38.4 41.1
41.1 45.3 38.8 41.7
40.8 45.3 38.8 41.3
40.8 46.0 38.9 41.3
41.1 46.2 38.9 41.7
40.8 44.9 38.8 41.4
40.8 44.2 39.0 41.4
40.7 44.4 39.2 41.3
39.9 44.6 38.7 40.3
39.9 43.2 38.4 40.5
39.8 43.6 38.4 40.4
Private service–providing ................................. Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................ Wholesale trade ................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... Transportation and warehousing ..........................
32.5 33.7 38.4 30.6 37.7
32.4 33.7 38.4 30.4 37.4
32.5 33.8 38.6 30.7 37.4
32.5 34.1 38.5 30.7 38.9
32.7 34.3 38.8 30.9 39.5
32.6 34.1 38.6 30.8 38.9
32.6 34.1 38.6 30.7 39.1
32.8 34.3 38.8 30.9 39.4
32.8 34.2 38.6 30.9 38.7
32.7 33.9 38.6 30.8 37.6
32.7 33.8 38.8 30.7 37.4
32.5 33.5 38.4 30.7 36.7
32.5 33.6 38.0 30.9 36.8
32.4 33.6 37.8 30.9 36.8
Utilities .................................................................. Information ........................................................... Financial activities ................................................ Professional and business services ..................... Educational and health services ..........................
41.5 35.8 35.5 34.2 31.9
41.5 35.6 35.5 34.0 31.9
41.7 35.8 35.6 34.0 32.0
42.1 36.0 35.5 34.0 32.0
42.3 36.0 35.5 34.1 32.0
42.3 36.0 35.5 34.0 32.0
42.0 36.4 35.5 34.1 31.9
42.0 36.3 35.7 34.3 32.2
42.0 36.6 36.0 34.3 32.2
42.0 36.7 35.8 34.4 32.1
42.0 36.8 35.9 34.5 32.2
41.4 36.9 35.8 34.2 32.3
40.9 36.5 35.6 34.2 32.4
41.1 36.2 35.5 34.1 32.3
Leisure and hospitality ......................................... Other services ......................................................
26.0 32.8
25.6 32.7
25.7 32.6
25.9 32.6
26.0 32.7
25.9 32.6
25.9 32.5
26.0 32.7
26.2 32.6
26.1 32.5
26.1 32.5
25.8 32.3
25.8 32.0
25.6 31.4
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
171
Table 2-12. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 Manufacturing Year
Total private
Mining
Construction Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
40.3 40.0 39.4
40.8 39.4 36.3
38.2 38.1 37.7
40.4 40.0 39.1
40.5 40.4 39.4
40.2 39.6 38.9
... ... ...
41.1 41.0 40.8
40.3 40.2 40.4
37.9 37.9 37.8
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.8 39.9 39.9 39.6 39.1
37.9 38.4 38.6 38.8 38.6
37.4 38.1 38.9 37.9 37.2
40.5 40.6 40.7 40.5 39.6
41.1 41.5 41.4 41.2 40.1
39.7 39.6 39.7 39.6 39.0
... ... ... ... ...
40.7 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.5
40.4 40.4 39.8 39.1 39.2
37.7 37.7 37.8 37.7 37.6
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.6 39.3 38.8 38.5 39.0
40.7 40.8 40.1 38.9 40.5
37.1 37.5 37.0 36.8 37.0
40.7 40.4 39.8 39.2 40.3
41.3 41.0 40.3 39.5 40.7
39.9 39.6 39.2 38.8 39.7
... ... ... ... ...
40.7 40.5 40.3 40.2 40.6
39.0 38.6 38.1 38.1 38.2
37.6 36.9 36.7 37.1 37.3
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38.6 38.6 38.7 38.8 38.7
40.4 40.5 41.0 41.6 41.9
36.7 36.9 37.0 37.3 37.2
39.7 39.8 40.4 40.5 40.7
40.1 40.2 40.9 41.1 41.5
39.2 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.7
... ... ... ... 41.1
40.5 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.7
38.0 37.6 37.4 37.3 37.0
37.2 36.9 37.3 37.5 37.3
... ... ... ... 36.1
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38.8 38.6 38.0 37.8 37.7
42.3 42.7 42.6 42.6 43.0
37.4 37.6 37.7 37.3 37.9
41.2 41.4 40.6 40.7 40.6
42.0 42.1 41.2 41.4 41.3
40.1 40.2 39.7 39.8 39.7
41.3 41.2 40.5 40.6 40.7
40.8 40.7 40.3 40.1 40.2
36.6 35.9 35.3 34.7 34.2
37.2 37.3 37.1 37.0 37.1
35.9 35.5 35.1 34.7 34.7
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
37.1 36.9 37.0 36.9 36.5
42.7 42.4 42.6 42.4 41.9
37.3 37.2 36.5 36.8 36.6
39.8 39.9 40.5 40.7 40.0
40.3 40.3 41.2 41.4 40.6
39.1 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.1
40.5 40.1 40.4 40.5 40.2
39.9 39.4 39.4 39.2 38.8
33.8 33.7 33.4 33.1 32.7
36.7 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.5
34.4 33.9 33.9 33.8 33.6
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
36.1 36.1 36.0 35.8 35.7
41.9 42.4 43.4 43.4 43.0
36.4 36.8 36.5 36.8 37.0
39.5 40.1 40.3 40.4 40.2
39.9 40.6 41.0 41.1 40.8
38.8 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.3
39.7 39.8 39.9 40.0 39.9
38.6 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.8
32.4 32.1 31.6 31.0 30.6
36.5 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.2
33.5 33.3 33.0 32.8 32.7
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
35.3 35.2 34.8 35.0 35.2
43.3 43.7 42.7 42.5 43.3
37.0 36.9 36.7 37.1 37.8
39.7 39.8 38.9 40.1 40.7
40.1 40.2 39.3 40.7 41.4
39.0 39.2 38.4 39.4 39.7
39.6 39.4 39.0 39.0 39.4
38.4 38.5 38.3 38.5 38.5
30.2 30.1 29.9 29.8 29.8
36.2 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.5
32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
34.9 34.8 34.8 34.7 34.6
43.4 42.2 42.4 42.3 43.0
37.7 37.4 37.8 37.9 37.9
40.5 40.7 41.0 41.1 41.0
41.2 41.3 41.5 41.8 41.6
39.6 39.9 40.2 40.2 40.2
39.5 39.2 39.2 38.2 38.3
38.4 38.3 38.1 38.1 38.0
29.4 29.2 29.2 29.1 28.9
36.4 36.4 36.3 35.9 35.8
32.5 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
172
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-13. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003
Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
DURABLE GOODS TOTAL .................................................................
41.1
40.9
41.3
41.9
42.6
42.1
42.1
42.6
42.1
41.9
41.8
40.6
40.8
40.8
Wood products ..................................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ............................... Primary metals ..................................................... Fabicated metal products ..................................... Machinery .............................................................
40.4 40.9 42.0 41.0 42.1
40.2 40.5 41.5 40.8 41.9
40.9 41.0 42.4 41.2 42.4
41.2 41.5 43.1 41.6 43.2
41.7 42.2 44.1 42.3 43.9
41.0 41.8 43.4 41.9 43.5
41.2 42.0 43.6 41.9 43.3
41.4 41.9 44.3 42.3 44.0
41.4 42.2 43.5 41.9 43.1
41.3 42.1 43.8 41.7 42.3
41.0 41.6 44.2 41.9 42.3
40.2 41.6 42.4 40.6 40.9
39.9 42.0 42.4 40.6 40.5
40.4 42.2 42.3 40.7 40.8
Computer and electronic products ....................... Electrical equipment and appliances .................... Transportation equipment .................................... Furniture and related products ............................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ...............................
41.3 41.2 42.0 38.0 39.0
40.9 41.5 41.9 37.8 39.1
41.4 41.8 41.9 38.7 39.3
41.8 42.4 43.0 39.0 39.2
42.2 43.0 44.3 39.3 39.4
42.2 41.9 43.7 38.5 39.2
41.9 42.1 43.8 38.3 39.1
42.5 42.1 44.2 39.1 39.7
41.8 41.8 43.2 39.4 39.2
41.5 41.8 43.6 39.3 39.3
41.4 41.6 43.3 39.2 39.0
39.8 39.8 41.9 38.3 38.8
39.7 40.1 42.5 39.2 38.6
40.4 40.6 41.9 38.9 38.4
TOTAL .................................................................
39.6
39.7
40.0
40.1
40.5
40.1
40.1
40.5
40.5
40.4
40.3
39.9
40.1
39.8
Food manufacturing ............................................. Beverage and tobacco products .......................... Textile mills .......................................................... Textile product mills ............................................. Apparel .................................................................
39.3 38.9 40.2 39.0 34.8
39.2 38.8 40.7 39.1 35.4
39.2 38.7 41.3 39.2 35.6
39.3 38.3 41.6 39.8 35.5
39.8 39.3 41.9 39.9 35.7
39.6 39.3 40.9 39.1 35.3
39.5 39.7 40.8 39.2 35.2
39.8 40.0 41.6 39.6 35.5
40.1 40.3 41.0 39.5 35.5
40.2 41.0 41.0 39.4 35.4
40.1 42.0 41.4 39.0 35.7
39.6 40.9 40.0 38.6 36.0
39.6 39.4 40.6 39.2 36.7
39.3 39.1 39.1 39.6 35.6
Leather and allied products .................................. Paper and paper products .................................... Printing and related support ................................. Petroleum and coal products ............................... Chemicals ............................................................
37.4 43.6 38.7 44.4 42.8
37.6 43.6 38.6 43.9 43.1
37.9 43.8 39.0 43.6 43.3
38.4 43.8 39.2 44.0 43.2
38.2 44.2 39.6 44.3 43.4
37.7 43.4 39.1 43.7 43.3
37.8 43.5 39.1 43.7 43.3
38.2 43.9 39.5 43.1 43.4
37.4 43.6 39.3 43.6 43.2
37.2 43.6 39.1 42.6 42.7
37.5 42.8 39.2 42.7 42.2
36.4 42.1 38.7 43.8 41.9
37.5 41.9 38.4 43.0 42.3
39.3 41.5 38.2 44.5 42.4
Plastics and rubber products ................................
40.6
40.5
41.2
41.4
41.8
41.1
41.0
41.4
41.3
41.3
40.8
40.0
40.6
40.4
NONDURABLE GOODS
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
173
Table 2-14. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989
Durable goods Primary metal industries Year Total
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Transportation equipment Industrial Fabricatmachinery ed metal and products equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Total
InstruMiscellaments and neous Motor related manufacvehicles products turing and equipment
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
40.5 40.4 39.4
40.3 40.0 39.2
41.5 41.0 40.0
41.0 40.7 39.7
39.9 40.2 38.4
39.0 39.5 38.2
40.9 40.7 39.7
41.5 41.3 39.6
... ... ...
39.7 39.4 39.6
39.8 39.2 39.7
... ... ...
40.5 40.6 39.6
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.1 41.5 41.4 41.2 40.1
39.5 39.3 39.7 39.3 39.1
41.8 41.1 41.4 40.9 40.0
41.1 41.4 41.1 40.8 40.5
40.9 41.6 40.8 41.0 38.8
39.9 40.9 40.0 40.5 37.8
41.5 41.8 41.7 41.8 40.8
41.9 43.5 43.0 42.4 40.7
... ... ... ... ...
41.4 41.2 41.8 41.6 40.9
42.1 40.4 41.4 42.0 41.5
... ... ... ... ...
40.8 40.5 40.7 40.5 39.6
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.3 41.0 40.3 39.5 40.7
39.5 38.9 38.4 38.6 39.7
41.4 40.7 39.9 39.3 40.7
41.4 41.1 40.4 40.0 41.2
41.3 41.0 39.6 38.3 40.5
40.5 40.5 39.1 37.5 40.1
41.7 41.3 40.9 39.9 40.9
41.9 42.3 41.1 39.8 41.5
... ... ... ... ...
42.3 41.4 40.8 40.0 40.7
43.6 41.2 40.9 39.7 41.1
... ... ... ... ...
40.3 40.0 39.7 39.2 39.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.1 40.2 40.9 41.1 41.5
39.1 39.5 39.8 40.2 40.4
40.0 40.0 40.7 40.9 41.2
40.6 40.7 41.0 41.4 41.7
39.0 39.5 40.2 41.0 41.7
38.2 38.9 39.2 40.2 41.2
40.5 40.5 41.1 41.3 41.7
41.0 40.9 41.7 41.8 42.4
... ... ... ... ...
40.7 40.5 42.0 42.0 42.1
41.0 40.1 42.7 42.8 43.0
... ... ... ... ...
39.3 39.5 39.7 39.6 39.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42.0 42.1 41.2 41.4 41.3
40.9 40.8 40.3 40.6 40.2
41.5 41.5 40.4 40.6 40.4
42.0 42.0 41.6 41.8 41.9
42.1 42.1 41.1 41.6 41.8
41.2 41.0 40.2 41.0 41.3
42.1 42.4 41.5 41.7 41.6
43.1 43.8 42.5 42.0 42.5
... ... ... ... ...
42.9 42.6 41.4 42.2 41.5
44.2 42.8 40.8 43.1 41.7
... ... ... ... ...
39.9 40.0 39.4 39.4 39.0
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.3 40.3 41.2 41.4 40.6
39.6 39.8 40.4 40.0 39.2
39.2 39.8 40.2 40.0 39.1
41.2 41.6 42.0 41.9 41.3
40.4 40.1 41.4 42.3 41.6
40.0 39.6 40.6 41.7 41.3
40.7 40.4 41.2 41.6 40.8
41.1 40.6 42.1 42.8 42.1
... ... ... ... ...
40.3 40.7 41.7 42.1 40.5
40.3 41.2 43.0 43.5 40.6
... ... ... ... ...
38.7 38.9 39.5 39.0 38.7
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.9 40.6 41.0 41.1 40.8
38.8 39.9 39.9 39.8 39.5
38.0 38.8 39.0 39.3 38.7
40.4 41.1 41.3 41.6 41.5
40.0 40.8 41.3 41.8 41.4
39.5 40.3 40.5 41.5 41.2
40.1 40.8 41.0 41.0 40.7
40.8 41.2 41.5 42.0 41.7
... ... ... ... ...
40.4 41.7 42.5 42.2 41.1
40.3 42.9 44.0 43.3 41.1
... ... ... ... ...
38.5 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.1 40.2 39.3 40.7 41.4
38.6 38.7 38.1 40.1 39.9
38.1 38.4 37.2 39.4 39.7
40.8 40.6 40.1 41.5 42.0
40.1 40.5 38.6 40.5 41.7
39.4 40.4 37.9 39.5 40.7
40.4 40.3 39.2 40.6 41.4
41.0 40.9 39.7 40.5 41.9
... ... ... ... ...
40.6 40.9 40.5 42.1 42.7
40.0 40.9 40.5 43.3 43.8
... ... ... ... ...
38.7 38.8 38.4 39.1 39.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.2 41.3 41.5 41.8 41.6
39.9 40.4 40.6 40.1 40.1
39.4 39.8 40.0 39.4 39.5
41.9 42.2 42.3 42.3 42.3
41.5 41.9 43.1 43.5 43.0
41.1 41.7 43.4 44.0 43.4
41.3 41.3 41.6 41.9 41.6
41.5 41.6 42.2 42.7 42.4
... ... ... 41.0 40.8
42.6 42.3 42.0 42.7 42.4
43.5 42.6 42.2 43.5 43.1
... ... ... 41.4 41.1
39.4 39.6 39.4 39.2 39.4
. . . = Not available.
174
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-14. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued
Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaLeather and leather neous plastics products products
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
40.2 39.6 38.9
43.2 42.4 41.9
38.9 38.3 37.3
39.6 39.2 37.7
36.0 35.8 35.4
43.1 42.8 41.7
40.2 39.4 38.8
41.2 41.2 40.7
40.6 40.6 40.3
40.0 39.3 38.5
38.6 37.2 36.6
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.7 39.6 39.7 39.6 39.0
41.9 42.1 41.9 41.5 41.3
38.1 38.5 38.4 38.1 37.6
39.6 38.8 39.1 39.1 38.3
36.0 35.6 36.3 36.1 35.3
43.3 43.1 42.8 43.0 42.3
38.9 38.9 38.9 39.0 38.5
41.2 41.3 40.9 41.0 40.8
40.8 40.8 40.5 40.7 40.7
41.0 40.8 40.9 40.4 39.8
37.6 36.9 38.4 37.7 36.9
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.9 39.6 39.2 38.8 39.7
41.5 41.3 40.8 40.8 41.0
38.7 38.8 38.4 39.1 39.1
40.1 39.7 38.9 38.6 40.4
36.3 36.0 35.7 35.1 36.3
43.1 42.8 42.3 41.9 42.8
38.9 38.9 38.6 38.0 38.5
41.1 41.1 40.9 40.7 41.4
40.9 41.0 40.8 40.9 41.2
41.7 40.4 40.6 39.3 41.3
37.9 37.6 37.4 36.7 37.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.2 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.7
40.8 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.0
38.2 39.0 38.6 38.7 38.8
39.5 39.9 40.6 40.6 41.0
35.5 35.4 36.2 36.1 35.9
42.1 42.5 42.6 42.7 42.8
38.4 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.5
41.3 41.4 41.6 41.6 41.6
41.1 41.2 41.6 41.7 41.8
40.0 40.4 41.0 40.9 41.3
36.9 37.4 37.6 37.5 37.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.1 40.2 39.7 39.8 39.7
41.1 41.2 40.9 40.8 40.8
37.9 38.9 38.6 37.9 37.4
41.7 41.9 40.9 41.2 40.8
36.4 36.4 36.0 36.1 35.9
43.1 43.4 42.8 42.9 43.0
38.6 38.8 38.4 38.3 38.3
41.9 42.0 41.6 41.8 41.8
42.2 42.4 42.7 42.5 42.6
42.0 42.0 41.4 41.5 41.2
38.2 38.6 38.2 38.3 37.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.1 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.1
40.5 40.3 40.5 40.4 40.4
37.8 37.8 37.6 38.6 38.3
39.9 40.6 41.3 40.9 39.5
35.3 35.6 36.0 35.9 35.2
41.9 42.1 42.8 42.9 42.2
37.7 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.5
41.6 41.6 41.7 41.8 41.5
42.8 42.8 42.7 42.4 42.1
40.3 40.4 41.2 41.2 40.6
37.2 37.7 38.3 37.8 36.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38.8 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.3
40.3 40.5 40.0 39.7 39.9
38.2 37.5 37.8 38.1 38.0
39.3 40.1 40.4 40.4 40.4
35.2 35.8 35.6 35.6 35.3
41.6 42.5 42.9 42.9 42.6
36.9 37.5 37.7 37.6 37.5
41.0 41.6 41.7 41.9 41.9
41.2 42.1 42.7 43.6 43.8
39.9 40.7 41.1 40.9 40.6
37.1 37.4 36.9 37.1 36.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.0 39.2 38.4 39.4 39.7
39.7 39.7 39.4 39.5 39.8
38.1 38.8 37.8 37.4 38.9
40.1 39.6 37.5 40.4 39.9
35.4 35.7 34.7 36.2 36.4
42.2 42.5 41.8 42.6 43.1
37.1 37.3 37.1 37.6 37.9
41.5 41.6 40.9 41.6 41.9
41.8 43.2 43.9 43.9 43.7
40.0 40.3 39.6 41.2 41.7
36.7 36.7 35.6 36.8 36.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.6 39.9 40.2 40.2 40.2
40.0 40.0 40.2 40.3 40.7
37.2 37.4 39.0 39.8 38.6
39.7 41.1 41.8 41.0 40.9
36.4 36.7 37.0 37.0 36.9
43.1 43.2 43.4 43.3 43.3
37.8 38.0 38.0 38.0 37.9
41.9 41.9 42.3 42.2 42.4
43.0 43.8 44.0 44.4 44.3
41.1 41.4 41.6 41.7 41.4
37.2 36.9 38.2 37.5 37.9
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
175
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-15. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003
Industry
TOTAL MANUFACTURING ................................
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.4
5.0
4.7
4.8
5.1
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.0
4.2
4.2
TOTAL .................................................................
3.9
3.7
3.9
4.5
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.0
5.0
4.8
3.9
4.2
4.3
Wood products ..................................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ............................... Primary metals ..................................................... Fabicated metal products ..................................... Machinery .............................................................
3.3 5.0 4.6 3.9 4.0
3.1 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.8
3.6 5.0 4.7 3.9 4.1
3.9 5.4 5.2 4.4 4.8
4.3 5.9 6.2 5.1 5.6
3.9 5.7 5.7 4.8 5.3
4.0 6.1 5.8 4.8 5.2
4.0 6.0 6.3 5.3 5.8
4.0 6.4 5.9 4.9 5.1
4.2 6.1 6.3 4.8 5.0
4.1 6.1 6.5 4.9 5.1
3.7 5.5 5.5 4.1 3.9
3.9 5.9 5.6 4.1 4.0
4.1 5.8 5.5 4.1 4.2
Computer and electronic products ....................... Electrical equipment and appliances .................... Transportation equipment .................................... Furniture and related products ............................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ...............................
3.8 3.0 4.5 2.3 3.0
3.8 3.0 4.3 2.2 3.1
3.9 3.2 4.3 2.7 3.1
4.3 3.7 5.5 2.9 3.2
4.8 4.2 7.0 3.3 3.5
4.9 3.5 6.5 2.8 3.4
4.7 3.7 6.7 2.9 3.4
5.2 3.9 7.2 3.3 3.7
4.8 3.6 6.4 3.6 3.4
4.6 3.6 6.1 3.9 3.7
4.6 3.7 5.5 3.5 3.1
3.2 3.0 4.5 2.7 2.8
3.4 3.1 5.1 3.4 2.9
3.8 3.4 5.0 3.5 2.7
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS TOTAL .................................................................
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.4
4.1
4.2
4.1
Food manufacturing ............................................. Beverage and tobacco products .......................... Textile mills .......................................................... Textile product mills ............................................. Apparel .................................................................
4.1 3.8 4.2 3.0 2.0
4.1 3.9 4.7 3.1 2.3
4.2 3.8 5.1 3.2 2.4
4.2 4.0 5.3 3.8 2.2
4.5 4.9 5.5 3.9 2.4
4.4 4.8 5.0 3.4 2.2
4.4 5.0 5.0 3.8 2.3
4.6 4.8 5.5 4.1 2.4
4.8 5.0 5.2 4.1 2.2
5.0 5.3 5.0 4.1 2.4
4.8 5.8 4.8 3.5 2.1
4.6 4.9 3.8 2.7 1.8
4.6 4.8 4.2 3.3 2.3
4.4 4.0 4.0 3.2 2.0
Leather and allied products .................................. Paper and paper products .................................... Printing and related support ................................. Petroleum and coal products ............................... Chemicals ............................................................
4.0 4.9 3.6 6.2 4.9
4.6 5.1 3.4 6.3 5.1
4.9 5.5 3.7 6.3 5.3
5.3 5.6 3.9 6.2 5.3
4.9 5.9 4.3 6.6 5.6
4.0 5.5 3.8 6.3 5.6
4.0 5.7 3.8 6.4 5.7
4.7 6.0 4.2 6.4 5.8
4.7 5.8 3.9 6.8 5.6
4.1 5.9 3.6 6.6 5.2
4.6 5.7 3.7 6.5 5.0
2.2 4.9 3.4 7.9 4.6
2.9 5.1 3.4 7.0 4.7
2.7 5.1 3.2 8.3 4.5
Plastics and rubber products ................................
3.4
3.4
3.9
4.2
4.5
3.9
4.0
4.3
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.9
176
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-16. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1956–1989
Durable goods
Year
Total manufacturing
Total
Lumber Furniture and wood and products fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total
Blast furnaces Fabricatand basic ed metal steel products products
Industrial Electronic machin- and other ery and electrical equipequipment ment
Total
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
1956 1957 1958 1959
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.8 2.3 2.0 2.7
3.0 2.4 1.9 2.7
2.6 2.2 2.3 3.2
2.3 1.9 2.0 2.8
3.3 2.8 2.8 3.6
2.8 2.0 1.4 2.6
... ... 0.9 2.2
3.1 2.8 2.1 2.8
3.9 2.8 1.8 2.9
... ... ... ...
3.1 2.5 2.1 2.6
... ... 2.3 3.1
... ... ... ...
2.8 2.4 1.9 2.4
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.1
2.4 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.3
2.9 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4
2.5 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.2
3.1 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.9
1.8 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.2
1.3 1.3 1.4 1.9 2.4
2.6 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.4
2.7 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.9
... ... ... ... ...
2.7 2.5 3.5 3.6 3.9
3.2 2.6 4.1 4.4 5.0
... ... ... ... ...
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
3.6 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.6
3.9 4.3 3.5 3.8 3.8
3.8 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.8
3.6 3.8 3.0 3.4 3.3
4.2 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.8
3.8 4.0 3.2 3.8 4.1
2.8 2.7 2.1 2.9 3.2
4.0 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.2
4.6 5.5 4.4 4.0 4.5
... ... ... ... ...
4.8 4.7 3.7 4.6 3.8
6.2 4.9 3.4 5.8 4.2
... ... ... ... ...
2.7 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.6
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
3.0 2.9 3.5 3.8 3.3
3.0 2.9 3.6 4.1 3.4
3.3 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.3
2.3 2.6 3.1 3.1 2.4
4.2 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.4
3.0 3.0 3.6 4.5 3.9
2.3 2.3 2.6 3.5 3.1
3.3 2.8 3.5 4.1 3.5
3.2 2.6 3.8 4.8 4.2
... ... ... ... ...
2.9 3.1 4.3 4.9 3.4
3.2 3.6 5.3 6.1 3.5
... ... ... ... ...
2.2 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.6 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.3
2.6 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.5
2.9 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5
1.8 2.0 2.4 2.7 2.2
3.7 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.5
2.6 3.3 3.7 4.2 3.9
1.9 2.5 2.8 3.5 3.4
2.6 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.4
2.9 3.3 4.0 4.3 4.0
... ... ... ... ...
2.8 4.2 5.0 5.0 4.2
2.6 5.4 6.4 6.1 4.4
... ... ... ... ...
1.9 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.8 2.8 2.3 3.0 3.4
2.8 2.8 2.2 3.0 3.6
2.8 2.6 2.3 3.1 3.2
1.7 1.8 1.5 2.3 2.5
3.8 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.8
2.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.9
2.2 2.7 1.5 2.3 3.1
2.8 2.7 2.0 2.9 3.6
3.4 3.2 2.2 2.7 3.7
... ... ... ... ...
3.2 3.2 2.7 3.9 4.7
2.6 3.0 2.5 4.8 5.6
... ... ... ... ...
1.9 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
3.3 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.8
3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.9
3.2 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.5
2.4 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7
4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.1
3.8 4.1 4.9 5.5 5.2
3.2 3.8 5.0 5.8 5.5
3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.9
3.4 3.4 4.0 4.4 4.3
... ... ... 3.4 3.2
4.8 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.6
5.4 4.4 4.3 5.2 4.7
... ... ... 3.0 2.8
2.2 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
177
Table 2-16. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1956–1989—Continued
Nondurable goods
Year
Food and kindred products
Total
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
1956 1957 1958 1959
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.4 2.3 2.2 2.7
3.1 2.9 3.1 3.3
1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2
2.6 2.2 2.1 3.1
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3
4.5 4.2 3.9 4.5
3.1 2.9 2.5 2.8
2.1 2.0 1.9 2.5
2.2 2.0 1.8 2.0
2.2 2.2 2.0 3.5
1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9
3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6
1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.6
2.6 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.6
1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3
4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7
2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9
2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.7
2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5
2.4 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.5
1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4
3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2
1.1 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.4
4.2 4.4 3.7 4.1 3.9
1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3
5.0 5.5 5.0 5.3 5.5
3.1 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.4
3.0 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.4
2.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.9
4.1 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.2
1.8 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.8
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
3.0 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.0
4.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1
1.7 1.7 1.6 2.4 2.1
3.3 3.8 4.5 4.4 3.3
1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2
4.6 4.6 4.9 5.2 4.6
2.8 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.7
3.1 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.3
3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9
3.4 3.3 4.0 4.3 3.5
1.7 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.7 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1
3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0
2.0 1.3 1.9 2.1 1.3
3.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5
1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0
4.0 4.8 4.8 5.1 4.8
2.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.8
2.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.3
2.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.1
1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
2.8 2.8 2.5 3.0 3.1
3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8
1.7 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.4
3.2 3.0 2.2 3.5 3.2
1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4
4.3 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.9
2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.8
3.1 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.4
3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2
2.7 3.1 2.7 3.5 3.9
1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
3.1 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4
1.1 1.4 2.8 2.6 2.1
3.2 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.0
1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9
4.7 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.5
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0
3.3 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.2
4.2 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.8
3.6 3.8 4.1 4.1 3.8
1.5 1.5 2.2 2.0 2.0
178
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-17. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (2002 = 100.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL PRIVATE .................................................
84.4
82.6
83.1
85.5
89.2
91.6
93.8
97.1
99.4
101.5
103.6
102.1
100.0
98.6
Goods–producing .............................................. Natural resources and mining .............................. Construction ......................................................... Manufacturing ......................................................
106.1 128.6 78.8 117.7
100.1 123.8 70.1 112.8
98.7 113.3 67.5 112.4
100.8 110.3 71.3 113.9
105.6 111.0 77.3 118.3
106.8 110.2 79.9 119.0
108.1 112.7 84.3 118.8
111.2 117.6 88.6 121.4
112.3 112.8 93.4 121.0
112.6 102.9 99.7 118.9
113.1 105.1 104.0 117.7
106.6 108.3 103.2 108.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
95.7 97.0 98.2 94.6
Private service–providing ................................. Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................ Wholesale trade ................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... Transportation and warehousing ..........................
78.3 89.5 94.9 87.5 83.5
77.8 87.4 93.3 84.8 82.4
78.8 87.3 92.4 85.1 82.7
81.2 89.0 92.4 86.3 88.4
84.6 92.7 95.8 89.8 93.8
87.3 95.1 99.2 92.3 95.6
89.7 96.6 100.7 93.7 98.3
93.1 98.8 103.4 95.9 101.0
95.8 100.3 104.8 97.2 102.7
98.4 101.9 106.2 99.5 103.2
101.0 103.5 107.1 101.3 105.6
100.8 101.5 102.9 100.5 102.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
99.4 98.5 98.0 98.8 98.5
Utilities .................................................................. Information ........................................................... Financial activities ................................................ Professional and business services ..................... Educational and health services ..........................
124.3 76.2 84.5 68.1 67.2
123.5 76.1 83.3 66.7 70.2
121.6 76.5 83.5 68.4 72.9
119.9 78.0 85.9 71.9 75.4
117.1 79.2 88.0 77.0 78.3
112.9 82.5 87.8 81.2 81.2
108.6 86.9 89.8 85.2 83.4
106.1 90.4 92.6 91.5 86.7
105.8 92.6 96.5 96.7 88.9
105.0 98.5 98.0 101.7 90.6
104.2 104.9 98.5 106.6 92.8
102.4 106.6 99.5 104.0 96.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
98.1 97.3 101.4 98.8 101.3
Leisure and hospitality ......................................... Other services ......................................................
78.9 81.8
77.3 81.2
79.3 80.6
82.2 82.8
85.6 84.5
88.5 87.1
90.8 89.1
93.4 91.9
95.5 94.3
97.9 96.3
100.6 97.8
100.7 99.1
100.0 100.0
99.7 97.3
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
179
Table 2-18. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (1982 = 100.) Goods–producing Year
Total private
Service–producing Manufacturing
Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Total
Transportation and Wholesale public trade utilities
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
... ... ...
98.0 97.8 88.2
101.4 101.9 86.8
62.0 67.6 66.7
105.8 104.2 93.0
99.2 97.4 84.0
114.9 113.8 105.6
... ... ...
... ... ...
56.8 59.5 59.0
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
96.1 103.7 103.9 107.3 96.8
88.3 91.9 88.2 84.8 75.5
71.3 81.0 83.3 80.5 78.2
102.2 109.6 109.6 114.8 102.4
96.0 108.0 108.9 116.9 100.5
110.8 111.7 110.6 112.0 105.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
59.7 61.7 63.3 63.7 63.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
103.0 104.7 101.1 90.9 97.8
78.9 81.5 79.6 67.9 68.1
83.4 90.2 86.6 80.8 86.7
109.0 109.5 105.9 94.8 102.3
108.5 109.5 105.8 90.4 99.6
109.8 109.5 106.0 100.9 106.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
64.4 65.9 65.4 63.6 66.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... 75.8
95.8 92.4 96.3 97.4 99.7
65.7 61.5 59.8 59.1 59.4
83.2 81.4 83.9 86.8 89.1
100.7 97.0 101.6 102.4 104.9
98.1 92.8 98.8 100.6 104.1
104.4 103.0 105.6 105.0 106.1
... ... ... ... 65.1
... ... ... ... 87.7
67.3 66.8 68.1 68.8 70.6
... ... ... ... 73.2
... ... ... ... 60.4
... ... ... ... 51.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
79.1 82.5 82.9 84.9 87.7
105.6 112.0 109.8 111.7 114.5
59.6 59.3 57.0 56.0 57.9
93.4 96.3 93.8 95.6 103.6
111.5 119.2 117.1 119.2 121.0
112.7 122.7 119.8 121.7 124.2
109.9 114.4 113.3 115.7 116.5
67.3 69.3 70.8 72.8 75.7
89.9 91.7 92.1 93.4 96.3
73.3 75.7 76.5 77.7 80.6
75.9 77.6 78.3 80.1 82.6
61.4 62.8 64.8 67.8 71.6
54.0 56.4 58.9 61.3 64.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
86.3 85.8 89.2 93.2 93.2
107.8 105.0 110.5 116.9 113.7
57.6 54.9 57.8 58.8 63.4
101.3 103.6 107.9 113.7 109.5
112.8 108.8 114.8 121.7 118.1
113.0 107.4 115.4 125.8 122.4
112.4 110.8 114.1 116.0 112.1
76.7 77.2 79.6 82.5 84.0
96.9 95.1 97.3 99.9 100.4
81.7 80.4 82.5 85.6 87.6
83.4 85.3 88.2 90.9 91.0
73.0 74.3 76.5 78.9 79.8
65.3 65.6 68.0 71.3 73.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
88.8 92.3 96.0 100.7 104.0
99.9 105.4 110.3 116.5 119.9
68.3 71.5 76.5 79.0 88.2
92.7 94.0 100.2 112.2 119.9
103.8 110.3 115.0 120.1 122.1
104.9 111.9 118.4 125.9 129.1
102.1 108.1 110.2 112.0 112.3
83.9 86.4 89.5 93.6 96.9
94.6 95.5 97.9 101.3 104.9
86.4 89.1 92.5 97.7 102.0
90.6 93.9 96.5 100.0 101.5
79.9 81.5 85.4 90.3 94.4
76.0 78.8 82.0 86.3 90.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102.8 104.1 100.0 101.5 107.7
112.9 111.6 100.0 100.5 109.0
94.1 104.8 100.0 81.5 84.9
115.1 109.3 100.0 102.2 116.8
113.8 112.5 100.0 101.4 109.0
117.8 116.1 100.0 100.7 111.5
108.1 107.6 100.0 102.4 105.5
98.3 100.8 100.0 102.0 107.1
104.1 103.3 100.0 97.3 102.8
101.9 103.3 100.0 99.9 105.3
100.1 100.6 100.0 102.7 108.2
97.8 105.5 100.0 101.6 106.4
94.3 98.2 100.0 103.6 108.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
110.5 112.3 115.6 119.3 122.1
108.7 107.3 109.0 111.4 111.7
81.4 65.7 61.8 61.7 60.5
125.3 128.2 132.7 136.9 138.9
106.9 105.7 107.0 109.3 109.3
109.5 106.8 107.4 110.5 110.1
103.4 104.2 106.6 107.7 108.2
111.3 114.6 118.5 122.8 126.8
104.6 104.0 106.5 108.2 111.1
108.4 108.5 109.4 113.3 116.1
111.7 114.3 117.9 121.0 122.9
110.9 116.7 120.1 119.2 119.5
114.0 119.2 124.9 132.2 139.3
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
180
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-19. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (2002 = 100.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
DURABLE GOODS TOTAL .................................................................
114.2
107.6
106.4
108.2
114.2
116.3
117.5
121.6
122.0
120.6
120.4
109.3
100.0
94.4
Wood products ..................................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ............................... Primary metals ..................................................... Fabricated metal products .................................... Machinery .............................................................
101.5 100.8 131.5 104.7 123.9
92.6 92.8 122.9 99.1 116.3
95.2 92.6 120.8 97.3 113.9
100.5 94.2 121.4 99.7 118.6
109.1 98.8 128.0 106.3 127.0
109.3 99.7 129.3 109.9 132.3
111.6 101.5 129.9 111.6 133.8
114.8 103.2 132.3 116.6 139.0
117.5 105.8 131.1 118.6 137.4
118.6 106.9 128.4 116.7 129.9
115.8 109.1 128.9 119.1 127.6
105.0 106.1 113.0 109.3 114.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
97.6 94.0 93.2 95.3 94.0
Computer and electronic products ....................... Electrical equipment and appliances .................... Transportation equipment .................................... Furniture and related products ............................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ...............................
137.2 136.0 111.1 97.2 104.0
128.1 128.0 105.8 89.5 103.8
122.9 125.9 104.4 92.1 105.2
121.1 126.8 105.5 95.3 106.9
123.5 132.5 112.6 100.5 108.2
127.1 130.3 115.4 99.3 107.7
129.9 129.4 116.4 98.3 107.7
136.8 127.7 120.7 102.9 110.0
136.7 127.8 118.7 108.5 110.3
131.1 128.3 119.5 112.6 110.3
133.0 127.8 116.4 114.8 109.5
117.9 113.4 105.3 104.8 104.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
92.5 92.1 95.6 93.1 93.6
TOTAL .................................................................
123.0
120.8
121.7
122.6
124.7
123.1
120.5
120.9
119.4
116.1
113.3
106.0
100.0
94.8
Food manufacturing ............................................. Beverage and tobacco products .......................... Textile mills .......................................................... Textile product mills ............................................. Apparel .................................................................
96.2 96.9 170.4 110.3 267.4
96.6 96.4 168.4 104.5 264.2
97.3 95.4 170.3 106.0 267.5
98.7 95.6 170.8 110.6 259.4
100.5 98.7 171.6 116.6 252.6
101.6 97.9 163.5 114.4 235.4
101.8 101.4 154.1 112.8 211.9
102.6 103.1 155.2 114.8 201.4
103.4 104.9 148.9 114.1 181.2
103.8 104.7 139.1 113.5 154.7
103.5 104.2 132.4 111.1 137.4
101.5 100.3 112.2 105.0 117.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
98.5 88.8 85.9 93.2 82.1
Leather and allied products .................................. Paper and paper products .................................... Printing and related support ................................. Petroleum and coal products ............................... Chemicals ............................................................
290.0 121.8 122.3 128.9 118.2
268.9 120.6 118.7 127.5 115.0
263.5 121.7 118.4 126.0 112.9
259.1 121.9 120.3 122.0 113.4
246.9 123.5 123.8 120.0 115.1
221.8 121.4 123.9 115.5 115.4
197.5 120.1 122.8 113.5 114.7
187.1 121.5 124.6 112.7 114.6
166.6 119.5 124.3 113.4 115.4
148.3 117.1 120.9 107.6 113.1
138.4 113.4 119.4 105.8 110.4
113.3 106.6 111.5 105.6 104.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
92.6 92.9 95.2 99.1 99.0
Plastics and rubber products ................................
97.7
94.2
98.1
102.4
108.8
109.9
110.1
112.7
113.8
114.6
114.3
105.0
100.0
95.3
NONDURABLE GOODS
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
181
Table 2-20. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (1982 = 100.) Durable goods Primary metal industries Furniture and fixtures
99.2 97.4 84.0
173.6 167.0 146.9
92.0 93.3 82.0
110.4 111.7 100.4
161.7 163.5 135.0
201.2 210.8 180.8
89.1 87.0 74.9
83.9 82.4 66.3
... ... ...
94.3 92.6 88.3
120.4 119.5 117.7
... ... ...
140.1 139.1 121.9
Total
Total
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Industrial Fabricatmachinery ed metal and products equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
MiscellaInstruneous ments and manufacrelated turing products industries
Lumber and wood products
Year
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
Transportation equipment
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total
Motor vehicles and equipment
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
96.0 108.0 108.9 116.9 100.5
162.4 167.4 158.2 152.8 139.1
99.2 94.5 94.7 96.7 86.3
111.1 120.2 112.7 115.3 107.6
159.7 177.4 160.7 174.6 143.5
210.1 227.4 194.4 225.7 185.5
88.8 98.4 97.7 107.8 94.1
72.5 91.4 93.1 93.6 79.5
... ... ... ... ...
97.4 115.6 130.8 151.5 127.4
137.5 132.9 123.8 149.9 120.5
... ... ... ... ...
131.8 132.1 127.3 136.0 121.6
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
108.5 109.5 105.8 90.4 99.6
147.5 143.1 126.3 118.9 132.0
95.1 96.1 93.5 87.9 97.7
117.5 119.2 113.9 104.8 117.0
167.3 168.7 161.0 129.1 140.2
219.8 216.3 210.7 163.7 169.3
100.9 100.2 100.6 88.5 95.6
83.7 91.4 87.5 70.2 79.4
... ... ... ... ...
138.7 130.8 131.7 104.4 111.4
151.2 123.1 118.7 86.8 106.5
... ... ... ... ...
125.2 125.4 117.6 110.5 117.6
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
98.1 92.8 98.8 100.6 104.1
123.1 115.2 118.5 120.2 122.8
95.4 90.9 97.5 99.2 103.8
114.1 109.3 112.0 114.6 117.9
141.4 132.0 137.4 141.7 153.0
181.1 166.9 167.5 172.7 190.6
95.0 90.2 96.5 99.2 102.8
79.2 74.5 80.7 82.5 88.5
... ... ... ... ...
106.8 96.4 106.6 111.2 111.5
111.4 92.8 110.0 118.5 120.3
... ... ... ... ...
116.4 113.0 117.1 115.7 118.3
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
112.7 122.7 119.8 121.7 124.2
125.3 126.9 121.5 124.8 126.5
111.1 118.8 113.5 118.6 121.5
121.2 124.4 119.1 121.9 126.4
163.2 168.4 158.1 158.1 165.1
199.1 195.2 184.0 186.1 190.5
110.8 122.1 124.2 128.8 132.6
97.6 109.6 108.5 105.2 109.4
... ... ... ... ...
125.0 136.7 133.2 141.7 138.5
140.5 138.4 123.4 141.6 142.4
... ... ... ... ...
126.0 130.3 125.6 126.1 126.5
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
113.0 107.4 115.4 125.8 122.4
117.9 123.8 136.1 140.6 128.2
111.6 114.0 126.6 132.0 123.4
120.9 122.2 131.1 138.4 134.5
152.9 140.5 146.3 161.8 162.4
179.5 161.5 165.1 181.5 180.7
120.3 113.2 121.9 131.8 127.4
101.2 89.5 97.8 111.8 116.1
... ... ... ... ...
114.1 112.6 118.4 129.1 117.9
117.7 130.3 140.5 158.5 134.9
... ... ... ... ...
119.8 116.2 126.2 130.9 128.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
104.9 111.9 118.4 125.9 129.1
107.8 123.5 132.0 138.3 138.6
100.7 111.0 117.2 125.6 123.5
115.6 120.8 125.9 132.1 132.8
134.3 140.0 144.2 151.3 154.8
151.8 155.6 157.2 164.6 167.0
108.4 115.3 121.9 129.3 131.4
101.6 102.6 109.8 119.4 126.9
... ... ... ... ...
106.8 117.9 125.6 133.6 134.1
117.3 141.2 156.0 163.3 151.8
... ... ... ... ...
112.5 120.1 122.2 125.9 123.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
117.8 116.1 100.0 100.7 111.5
119.9 115.1 100.0 117.7 126.3
112.4 112.7 100.0 110.3 121.6
119.8 114.1 100.0 103.2 109.5
133.4 132.5 100.0 95.2 102.9
139.8 141.9 100.0 90.8 93.7
119.8 117.1 100.0 100.3 111.0
122.1 120.2 100.0 90.1 103.8
... ... ... ... ...
114.6 114.2 100.0 105.7 118.9
111.0 115.7 100.0 118.9 140.2
... ... ... ... ...
113.9 110.5 100.0 98.1 102.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.5 106.8 107.4 110.5 110.1
124.9 129.2 134.9 135.6 132.6
121.9 124.2 129.5 130.1 129.6
108.1 108.7 109.7 113.3 113.5
96.1 89.8 91.8 97.2 96.0
85.3 78.2 79.0 85.1 83.9
111.2 107.8 107.1 110.5 110.6
101.0 94.7 93.8 98.8 100.3
... ... ... 113.1 111.5
122.7 123.3 124.3 125.8 125.3
143.6 137.7 137.2 140.0 138.0
... ... ... 89.9 89.6
97.8 97.5 99.9 103.5 103.0
. . . = Not available.
182
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-20. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (1982 = 100.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaLeather and leather neous plastics products products
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
114.9 113.8 105.6
136.0 131.3 126.6
212.3 202.2 186.4
200.9 203.3 172.6
110.6 112.7 109.4
84.8 84.6 78.6
75.6 75.0 73.1
82.2 81.6 74.7
131.0 135.3 129.7
52.6 50.0 43.8
221.8 211.2 195.8
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
110.8 111.7 110.6 112.0 105.3
125.7 127.1 125.7 124.5 120.7
178.9 182.8 184.8 180.5 177.2
192.5 184.8 174.5 172.9 151.7
114.0 113.0 115.8 118.2 109.1
87.1 90.9 87.5 92.3 90.4
74.2 75.8 76.6 78.5 78.0
77.6 84.7 84.6 87.6 83.9
127.7 133.9 130.0 134.0 129.1
51.7 55.2 55.0 57.8 51.1
205.0 193.1 203.0 202.2 188.4
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.8 109.5 106.0 100.9 106.1
120.8 121.2 116.3 112.3 112.8
180.7 173.0 162.2 162.7 162.2
160.3 155.6 144.3 133.7 144.1
115.9 114.9 112.4 107.2 116.3
94.6 96.3 94.9 92.1 97.7
81.0 84.0 83.9 82.6 85.4
87.0 88.2 86.7 82.1 85.6
127.0 125.6 121.6 114.3 109.5
59.8 58.5 58.4 51.6 59.4
200.0 196.9 190.4 179.3 193.6
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
104.4 103.0 105.6 105.0 106.1
111.5 109.8 108.8 107.8 107.0
157.6 153.7 150.4 146.5 150.8
137.1 133.4 137.0 133.8 136.1
114.3 112.1 119.4 120.7 122.1
97.9 98.4 100.2 100.7 101.3
87.4 87.3 87.9 87.2 89.4
86.0 85.3 88.1 89.2 89.9
107.7 101.9 99.2 94.9 90.9
58.0 57.5 63.7 64.8 68.2
181.9 181.6 184.4 177.2 177.7
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.9 114.4 113.3 115.7 116.5
107.4 109.5 109.4 109.5 110.5
140.3 138.2 141.0 134.8 128.8
143.4 149.5 144.4 150.6 150.0
128.7 133.2 130.8 131.3 130.5
104.0 109.0 109.1 111.4 114.6
92.4 96.8 97.9 98.5 100.9
93.5 98.6 100.6 104.1 106.2
90.6 92.4 93.0 95.4 90.9
75.0 81.3 79.7 87.0 91.6
182.0 188.8 178.0 180.0 168.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
112.4 110.8 114.1 116.0 112.1
110.2 109.3 108.7 106.3 106.0
129.2 118.7 115.9 124.0 120.9
141.8 141.3 148.9 150.7 138.5
123.9 122.9 127.8 131.7 121.3
110.2 106.4 110.3 112.7 111.2
98.9 95.3 96.5 97.4 95.5
102.5 99.8 100.9 104.2 105.7
96.2 100.9 101.5 99.9 100.9
86.3 87.5 97.8 107.9 105.8
156.4 148.7 150.7 142.3 131.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102.1 108.1 110.2 112.0 112.3
101.8 104.4 104.6 105.1 107.0
118.1 118.2 106.8 106.1 104.4
122.9 133.3 132.9 131.6 129.3
110.2 119.3 117.9 119.5 115.6
96.8 104.7 107.6 109.0 110.5
88.9 90.3 94.1 97.5 101.0
97.1 102.0 105.0 107.4 108.3
96.3 102.3 106.6 112.2 114.0
89.0 96.1 109.2 115.3 118.2
121.3 130.6 123.9 125.5 117.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
108.1 107.6 100.0 102.4 105.5
105.1 102.8 100.0 99.1 100.3
101.2 105.1 100.0 96.3 93.5
122.7 117.3 100.0 107.4 107.0
112.2 111.0 100.0 104.5 107.2
106.9 106.8 100.0 102.1 106.8
100.1 100.6 100.0 103.3 110.9
106.0 106.8 100.0 98.3 99.8
99.1 110.0 100.0 98.4 92.5
106.7 109.0 100.0 107.2 119.6
110.7 113.6 100.0 96.8 89.3
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
103.4 104.2 106.6 107.7 108.2
100.6 101.7 103.7 105.0 107.8
88.4 81.6 80.1 80.1 70.6
100.1 103.8 109.4 107.7 105.6
100.7 99.7 100.1 99.0 98.3
106.8 106.9 108.5 108.9 109.9
114.9 119.6 123.2 126.7 126.2
98.9 97.3 99.3 102.9 104.5
88.7 88.1 89.4 88.1 85.7
117.6 119.6 123.1 127.3 129.6
78.1 69.5 70.3 67.9 66.4
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
183
EARNINGS
Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Total Private Nonfarm Payrolls in Current and Constant Dollars, 1993–2003 $600.00
$500.00
$400.00
$300.00
$200.00
$100.00
$0.00 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Current dollars
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Constant dollars
Average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls were severely eroded by inflation. An increase of 37 percent in current dollars from 1993 to 2003 was reduced to an increase of 8 percent by increases in prices. There was almost no change in real earnings from 1999 to 2003. (Table 2-25) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Looking at the last five years by industry, the major gainers in real weekly earnings were financial activities, education and health services, and professional and business services. Since 1998, real wages declined in natural resources and mining and transportation and warehousing. (Table 2-25) • From 2002 to 2003 there was no change in real weekly earnings for either the goods-producing or private service providing sectors. Within goods producing, natural resources and mining increased 1.1 percent in 2003 after decreasing 3.4 percent from 2001 to 2002. In 2003, only financial activities showed a noticeable increase of 3.5 percent. (Table 2-25) • In 2003, production workers on manufacturing payrolls earned the highest average hourly rate in Michigan ($21.28) and the lowest in Alaska ($12.16). (Table 2-36)
184
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-21. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Dollars.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL PRIVATE .................................................
10.19
10.50
10.76
11.03
11.32
11.64
12.03
12.49
13.00
13.47
14.00
14.53
14.95
15.35
Goods–producing .............................................. Natural resources and mining .............................. Construction ......................................................... Manufacturing ......................................................
11.46 13.40 13.42 10.78
11.76 13.82 13.65 11.13
11.99 14.09 13.81 11.40
12.28 14.12 14.04 11.70
12.63 14.41 14.38 12.04
12.96 14.78 14.73 12.34
13.38 15.10 15.11 12.75
13.82 15.57 15.67 13.14
14.23 16.20 16.23 13.45
14.71 16.33 16.80 13.85
15.27 16.55 17.48 14.32
15.78 17.00 18.00 14.76
16.33 17.19 18.52 15.29
16.80 17.58 18.95 15.74
Private service–providing ................................. Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................ Wholesale trade ................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... Transportation and warehousing ..........................
9.71 9.83 11.58 7.71 12.50
10.05 10.08 11.95 7.89 12.61
10.33 10.30 12.21 8.12 12.77
10.60 10.55 12.57 8.36 12.71
10.87 10.80 12.93 8.61 12.84
11.19 11.10 13.34 8.85 13.18
11.57 11.46 13.80 9.21 13.45
12.05 11.90 14.41 9.59 13.78
12.59 12.39 15.07 10.05 14.12
13.07 12.82 15.62 10.45 14.55
13.60 13.31 16.28 10.86 15.05
14.16 13.70 16.77 11.29 15.33
14.56 14.02 16.98 11.67 15.76
14.96 14.34 17.36 11.90 16.25
Utilities .................................................................. Information ........................................................... Financial activities ................................................ Professional and business services ..................... Educational and health services ..........................
16.14 13.40 9.99 11.14 10.00
16.70 13.90 10.42 11.50 10.49
17.17 14.29 10.86 11.78 10.87
17.95 14.86 11.36 11.96 11.21
18.66 15.32 11.82 12.15 11.50
19.19 15.68 12.28 12.53 11.80
19.78 16.30 12.71 13.00 12.17
20.59 17.14 13.22 13.57 12.56
21.48 17.67 13.93 14.27 13.00
22.03 18.40 14.47 14.85 13.44
22.75 19.07 14.98 15.52 13.95
23.58 19.80 15.59 16.33 14.64
23.96 20.20 16.17 16.81 15.21
24.76 21.01 17.13 17.20 15.64
Leisure and hospitality ......................................... Other services ......................................................
5.88 9.08
6.06 9.39
6.20 9.66
6.32 9.90
6.46 10.18
6.62 10.51
6.82 10.85
7.13 11.29
7.48 11.79
7.76 12.26
8.11 12.73
8.35 13.27
8.58 13.72
8.76 13.84
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
185
Table 2-22. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, Old Series, 1947–1989 (Dollars.) Manufacturing Year
Total private
Mining
Construction Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1.13 1.23 1.28
1.47 1.66 1.72
1.54 1.71 1.79
1.22 1.33 1.38
1.28 1.39 1.45
1.15 1.25 1.30
... ... ...
1.22 1.31 1.36
0.84 0.90 0.95
1.14 1.20 1.26
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.34 1.45 1.52 1.61 1.65
1.77 1.93 2.01 2.14 2.14
1.86 2.02 2.13 2.28 2.38
1.44 1.56 1.64 1.74 1.78
1.45 1.65 1.74 1.85 1.89
1.30 1.45 1.51 1.58 1.62
... ... ... ... ...
1.36 1.52 1.61 1.69 1.76
0.98 1.06 1.09 1.16 1.20
1.26 1.45 1.51 1.58 1.65
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.71 1.80 1.89 1.95 2.02
2.20 2.33 2.45 2.47 2.56
2.45 2.57 2.71 2.82 2.93
1.85 1.95 2.04 2.10 2.19
1.98 2.08 2.18 2.25 2.35
1.68 1.77 1.85 1.92 1.98
... ... ... ... ...
1.83 1.93 2.02 2.09 2.18
1.25 1.30 1.37 1.42 1.47
1.70 1.78 1.84 1.89 1.95
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.09 2.14 2.22 2.28 2.36
2.60 2.64 2.70 2.75 2.81
3.07 3.20 3.31 3.41 3.55
2.26 2.32 2.39 2.45 2.53
2.42 2.48 2.55 2.63 2.70
2.05 2.11 2.17 2.22 2.29
... ... ... ... 2.89
2.24 2.31 2.37 2.45 2.52
1.52 1.56 1.63 1.68 1.75
2.02 2.09 2.17 2.25 2.30
... ... ... ... 1.94
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.46 2.56 2.68 2.85 3.04
2.92 3.05 3.19 3.35 3.60
3.70 3.89 4.11 4.41 4.79
2.61 2.71 2.82 3.01 3.19
2.78 2.89 2.99 3.18 3.38
2.36 2.45 2.57 2.74 2.91
3.03 3.11 3.23 3.42 3.63
2.60 2.73 2.87 3.04 3.23
1.82 1.91 2.01 2.16 2.30
2.39 2.47 2.58 2.75 2.93
2.05 2.17 2.29 2.42 2.61
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.23 3.45 3.70 3.94 4.24
3.85 4.06 4.44 4.75 5.23
5.24 5.69 6.06 6.41 6.81
3.35 3.57 3.82 4.09 4.42
3.55 3.79 4.07 4.35 4.70
3.08 3.27 3.48 3.70 4.01
3.85 4.21 4.65 5.02 5.41
3.43 3.64 3.85 4.07 4.38
2.44 2.60 2.75 2.91 3.14
3.07 3.22 3.36 3.53 3.77
2.81 3.04 3.27 3.47 3.75
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.53 4.86 5.25 5.69 6.16
5.95 6.46 6.94 7.67 8.49
7.31 7.71 8.10 8.66 9.27
4.83 5.22 5.68 6.17 6.70
5.15 5.57 6.06 6.58 7.12
4.37 4.71 5.11 5.54 6.01
5.88 6.45 6.99 7.57 8.16
4.72 5.02 5.39 5.88 6.39
3.36 3.57 3.85 4.20 4.53
4.06 4.27 4.54 4.89 5.27
4.02 4.31 4.65 4.99 5.36
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.66 7.25 7.68 8.02 8.32
9.17 10.04 10.77 11.28 11.63
9.94 10.82 11.63 11.94 12.13
7.27 7.99 8.49 8.83 9.19
7.75 8.53 9.03 9.38 9.73
6.56 7.19 7.75 8.09 8.39
8.87 9.70 10.32 10.79 11.12
6.95 7.55 8.08 8.54 8.88
4.88 5.25 5.48 5.74 5.85
5.79 6.31 6.78 7.29 7.63
5.85 6.41 6.92 7.31 7.59
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.57 8.76 8.98 9.28 9.66
11.98 12.46 12.54 12.80 13.26
12.32 12.48 12.71 13.08 13.54
9.54 9.73 9.91 10.19 10.48
10.09 10.28 10.43 10.71 11.01
8.72 8.95 9.19 9.45 9.75
11.40 11.70 12.03 12.24 12.57
9.15 9.34 9.59 9.98 10.39
5.94 6.03 6.12 6.31 6.53
7.94 8.36 8.73 9.06 9.53
7.90 8.18 8.49 8.88 9.38
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
186
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-23. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Dollars.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
DURABLE GOODS TOTAL .................................................................
11.40
11.81
12.09
12.41
12.78
13.05
13.45
13.83
14.07
14.46
14.93
15.38
16.02
16.46
Wood products ..................................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ............................... Primary metals ..................................................... Fabricated metal products .................................... Machinery .............................................................
8.82 11.11 12.97 10.64 11.73
9.03 11.34 13.37 10.97 12.12
9.24 11.57 13.72 11.16 12.40
9.41 11.83 14.08 11.40 12.73
9.66 12.11 14.47 11.64 12.94
9.92 12.39 14.75 11.91 13.14
10.24 12.80 15.12 12.26 13.49
10.53 13.17 15.40 12.64 13.94
10.85 13.59 15.66 12.97 14.24
11.18 13.97 16.00 13.34 14.77
11.63 14.53 16.64 13.77 15.22
11.99 14.86 17.06 14.19 15.49
12.33 15.40 17.68 14.68 15.92
12.71 15.77 18.13 15.01 16.30
Computer and electronic products ....................... Electrical equipment and appliances .................... Transportation equipment .................................... Furniture and related products ............................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ...............................
10.89 10.00 14.44 8.52 8.87
11.35 10.30 15.12 8.74 9.16
11.64 10.50 15.59 9.00 9.44
11.95 10.65 16.22 9.24 9.65
12.19 10.94 16.94 9.51 9.90
12.29 11.25 17.21 9.75 10.23
12.75 11.80 17.67 10.08 10.60
13.24 12.24 18.00 10.50 10.89
13.85 12.51 17.92 10.88 11.18
14.37 12.90 18.24 11.27 11.56
14.73 13.23 18.89 11.72 11.93
15.42 13.78 19.48 12.14 12.46
16.20 13.98 20.64 12.61 12.91
16.68 14.35 21.25 12.98 13.30
NONDURABLE GOODS TOTAL .................................................................
9.87
10.18
10.45
10.70
10.96
11.30
11.68
12.04
12.45
12.85
13.31
13.75
14.15
14.63
Food manufacturing ............................................. Beverage and tobacco products .......................... Textile mills .......................................................... Textile product mills ............................................. Apparel .................................................................
9.04 13.24 8.17 7.53 6.22
9.32 13.65 8.49 7.77 6.43
9.59 14.07 8.82 8.03 6.60
9.82 14.30 9.12 8.27 6.74
10.00 14.97 9.35 8.45 6.95
10.27 15.40 9.63 8.76 7.22
10.50 15.73 9.88 9.12 7.45
10.77 16.00 10.22 9.45 7.76
11.09 16.03 10.58 9.75 8.05
11.40 16.54 10.90 10.18 8.35
11.77 17.40 11.23 10.43 8.60
12.18 17.67 11.40 10.60 8.82
12.55 17.73 11.73 10.96 9.10
12.80 17.96 12.00 11.24 9.56
Leather and allied products .................................. Paper and paper products .................................... Printing and related support ................................. Petroleum and coal products ............................... Chemicals ............................................................
7.18 12.06 11.11 17.00 12.85
7.43 12.45 11.32 17.90 13.30
7.68 12.78 11.53 18.83 13.70
7.88 13.13 11.67 19.43 13.97
8.23 13.49 11.89 19.96 14.33
8.50 13.94 12.08 20.24 14.86
8.94 14.38 12.41 20.18 15.37
9.31 14.76 12.78 21.10 15.78
9.68 15.20 13.20 21.75 16.23
9.93 15.58 13.67 22.22 16.40
10.35 15.91 14.09 22.80 17.09
10.69 16.38 14.48 22.90 17.57
11.00 16.85 14.93 23.04 17.97
11.67 17.32 15.37 23.64 18.52
Plastics and rubber products ................................
9.76
10.07
10.35
10.55
10.66
10.86
11.17
11.48
11.79
12.25
12.69
13.21
13.55
14.18
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
187
Table 2-24. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Dollars.) Durable goods Primary metal industries Year Total
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Transportation equipment Industrial Fabricatmachinery ed metal and products equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Total
InstruMiscellaments and neous Motor related manufacvehicles products turing and equipment
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1.28 1.39 1.45
1.09 1.19 1.23
1.10 1.19 1.23
1.19 1.31 1.37
1.39 1.52 1.59
1.44 1.59 1.65
1.27 1.39 1.45
1.34 1.46 1.52
... ... ...
1.44 1.57 1.64
1.47 1.61 1.70
... ... ...
1.11 1.18 1.22
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.45 1.65 1.74 1.85 1.89
1.30 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.57
1.28 1.39 1.47 1.54 1.57
1.44 1.54 1.61 1.72 1.77
1.65 1.81 1.90 2.06 2.10
1.70 1.90 2.00 2.18 2.22
1.52 1.64 1.72 1.83 1.88
1.60 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.00
... ... ... ... ...
1.72 1.84 1.95 2.05 2.11
1.78 1.91 2.05 2.14 2.20
... ... ... ... ...
1.28 1.36 1.45 1.52 1.56
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.98 2.08 2.18 2.25 2.35
1.62 1.69 1.74 1.80 1.87
1.62 1.69 1.75 1.78 1.83
1.86 1.96 2.05 2.12 2.22
2.24 2.37 2.50 2.64 2.77
2.39 2.54 2.70 2.88 3.06
1.96 2.05 2.16 2.26 2.35
2.08 2.20 2.29 2.37 2.48
... ... ... ... ...
2.21 2.29 2.39 2.51 2.64
2.29 2.35 2.46 2.55 2.71
... ... ... ... ...
1.61 1.69 1.75 1.79 1.84
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.42 2.48 2.55 2.63 2.70
1.90 1.95 1.99 2.05 2.12
1.88 1.91 1.95 2.00 2.05
2.28 2.34 2.41 2.48 2.53
2.81 2.90 2.98 3.04 3.11
3.04 3.16 3.25 3.31 3.36
2.43 2.49 2.55 2.61 2.68
2.55 2.62 2.71 2.78 2.87
... ... ... ... ...
2.74 2.80 2.91 3.01 3.09
2.81 2.86 2.99 3.10 3.21
... ... ... ... ...
1.89 1.92 1.98 2.03 2.08
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.78 2.89 2.99 3.18 3.38
2.18 2.26 2.38 2.58 2.75
2.12 2.21 2.33 2.47 2.62
2.62 2.72 2.82 2.99 3.19
3.18 3.28 3.34 3.55 3.79
3.42 3.53 3.57 3.76 4.02
2.76 2.88 2.98 3.16 3.34
2.95 3.08 3.19 3.36 3.58
... ... ... ... ...
3.21 3.33 3.44 3.69 3.89
3.34 3.44 3.55 3.89 4.10
... ... ... ... ...
2.14 2.22 2.35 2.50 2.66
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.55 3.79 4.07 4.35 4.70
2.97 3.18 3.34 3.62 3.90
2.77 2.90 3.08 3.29 3.53
3.40 3.67 3.94 4.22 4.54
3.93 4.23 4.66 5.04 5.60
4.16 4.49 5.08 5.51 6.27
3.53 3.77 4.05 4.29 4.61
3.77 4.02 4.32 4.60 4.94
... ... ... ... ...
4.06 4.45 4.81 5.15 5.54
4.22 4.72 5.13 5.46 5.87
... ... ... ... ...
2.83 2.97 3.11 3.29 3.53
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.15 5.57 6.06 6.58 7.12
4.28 4.74 5.11 5.62 6.08
3.78 3.99 4.34 4.68 5.06
4.92 5.33 5.81 6.32 6.85
6.18 6.77 7.40 8.20 8.98
6.94 7.59 8.36 9.39 10.41
5.05 5.50 5.91 6.35 6.85
5.37 5.79 6.26 6.78 7.32
... ... ... ... ...
6.07 6.62 7.29 7.91 8.53
6.44 7.09 7.85 8.50 9.06
... ... ... ... ...
3.81 4.04 4.36 4.69 5.03
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.75 8.53 9.03 9.38 9.73
6.57 7.02 7.46 7.82 8.05
5.49 5.91 6.31 6.62 6.84
7.50 8.27 8.87 9.27 9.57
9.77 10.81 11.33 11.35 11.47
11.39 12.60 13.35 12.89 12.98
7.45 8.20 8.77 9.12 9.40
8.00 8.81 9.26 9.56 9.97
... ... ... ... ...
9.35 10.39 11.11 11.67 12.20
9.85 11.02 11.62 12.14 12.73
... ... ... ... ...
5.46 5.97 6.42 6.81 7.05
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.09 10.28 10.43 10.71 11.01
8.25 8.37 8.43 8.59 8.84
7.17 7.46 7.67 7.95 8.25
9.84 10.04 10.25 10.56 10.82
11.67 11.86 11.94 12.16 12.43
13.33 13.73 13.77 13.98 14.25
9.71 9.89 10.01 10.29 10.57
10.30 10.58 10.73 11.08 11.40
... ... ... 9.79 10.05
12.71 12.81 12.94 13.29 13.67
13.39 13.45 13.53 13.99 14.25
... ... ... 10.60 10.83
7.30 7.55 7.76 8.00 8.29
. . . = Not available.
188
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-24. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (Dollars.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and Leather and miscellaneleather ous plastics products products
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1.15 1.25 1.30
1.06 1.15 1.21
0.90 0.96 1.00
1.04 1.16 1.18
1.16 1.22 1.21
1.15 1.28 1.33
1.48 1.65 1.77
1.22 1.34 1.42
1.50 1.71 1.80
1.29 1.36 1.41
1.04 1.11 1.12
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.30 1.45 1.51 1.58 1.62
1.26 1.35 1.44 1.53 1.59
1.08 1.14 1.18 1.25 1.30
1.23 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.36
1.24 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.37
1.40 1.51 1.59 1.67 1.73
1.83 1.91 2.02 2.11 2.18
1.50 1.62 1.69 1.81 1.89
1.84 1.99 2.10 2.22 2.29
1.47 1.58 1.70 1.79 1.83
1.17 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.36
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.68 1.77 1.85 1.92 1.98
1.66 1.76 1.85 1.94 2.02
1.34 1.45 1.53 1.59 1.65
1.38 1.44 1.49 1.49 1.56
1.37 1.47 1.51 1.54 1.56
1.81 1.92 2.02 2.10 2.18
2.26 2.33 2.40 2.49 2.59
1.97 2.09 2.20 2.29 2.40
2.37 2.54 2.66 2.73 2.85
1.95 2.02 2.11 2.18 2.27
1.39 1.48 1.52 1.56 1.59
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.05 2.11 2.17 2.22 2.29
2.11 2.17 2.24 2.30 2.37
1.70 1.78 1.85 1.91 1.95
1.61 1.63 1.68 1.71 1.79
1.59 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.79
2.26 2.34 2.40 2.48 2.56
2.68 2.75 2.82 2.89 2.97
2.50 2.58 2.65 2.72 2.80
2.89 3.01 3.05 3.16 3.20
2.32 2.38 2.44 2.47 2.54
1.64 1.68 1.72 1.76 1.83
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.36 2.45 2.57 2.74 2.91
2.44 2.52 2.64 2.80 2.96
2.09 2.19 2.27 2.48 2.62
1.87 1.96 2.06 2.21 2.35
1.83 1.89 2.03 2.21 2.31
2.65 2.75 2.87 3.05 3.24
3.06 3.16 3.28 3.48 3.69
2.89 2.98 3.10 3.26 3.47
3.28 3.41 3.58 3.75 4.00
2.61 2.68 2.75 2.93 3.08
1.88 1.94 2.07 2.23 2.36
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.08 3.27 3.48 3.70 4.01
3.16 3.38 3.60 3.85 4.19
2.91 3.16 3.47 3.76 4.12
2.45 2.57 2.75 2.95 3.20
2.39 2.49 2.60 2.76 2.97
3.44 3.67 3.95 4.20 4.53
3.92 4.20 4.51 4.75 5.03
3.69 3.97 4.26 4.51 4.88
4.28 4.57 4.96 5.28 5.68
3.21 3.41 3.63 3.84 4.09
2.49 2.59 2.68 2.79 2.99
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.37 4.71 5.11 5.54 6.01
4.61 4.98 5.37 5.80 6.27
4.55 4.98 5.54 6.13 6.67
3.42 3.69 3.99 4.30 4.66
3.17 3.40 3.62 3.94 4.23
5.01 5.47 5.96 6.52 7.13
5.38 5.71 6.12 6.51 6.94
5.39 5.91 6.43 7.02 7.60
6.48 7.21 7.83 8.63 9.36
4.42 4.71 5.21 5.57 6.02
3.21 3.40 3.61 3.89 4.22
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.56 7.19 7.75 8.09 8.39
6.85 7.44 7.92 8.19 8.39
7.74 8.88 9.79 10.38 11.22
5.07 5.52 5.83 6.18 6.46
4.56 4.97 5.20 5.38 5.55
7.84 8.60 9.32 9.93 10.41
7.53 8.19 8.74 9.11 9.41
8.30 9.12 9.96 10.58 11.07
10.10 11.38 12.46 13.28 13.44
6.58 7.22 7.70 8.06 8.35
4.58 4.99 5.33 5.54 5.71
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.72 8.95 9.19 9.45 9.75
8.57 8.75 8.93 9.12 9.38
11.96 12.88 14.07 14.67 15.31
6.70 6.93 7.17 7.38 7.67
5.73 5.84 5.94 6.12 6.35
10.83 11.18 11.43 11.69 11.96
9.71 9.99 10.28 10.53 10.88
11.56 11.98 12.37 12.71 13.09
14.06 14.19 14.58 14.97 15.41
8.60 8.79 8.98 9.19 9.46
5.83 5.92 6.08 6.28 6.59
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
189
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-25. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003
Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL PRIVATE Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
349.29 262.43
358.06 258.34
367.83 257.95
378.40 258.12
390.73 259.97
399.53 258.43
412.74 259.58
431.25 265.22
448.04 271.87
462.49 274.64
480.41 275.62
493.20 275.38
506.07 278.83
517.36 278.75
Goods–producing Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
459.55 345.27
471.32 340.06
482.58 338.42
498.82 340.26
519.58 345.70
528.62 341.93
546.48 343.70
568.43 349.59
580.99 352.54
599.99 356.29
621.86 356.78
630.04 351.78
651.61 359.01
669.23 360.58
Natural resources and mining Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
602.54 452.70
625.42 451.24
629.02 441.11
634.77 432.99
653.14 434.56
670.32 433.58
695.07 437.15
720.11 442.87
727.28 441.31
721.74 428.59
734.92 421.64
757.92 423.18
741.97 408.80
766.83 413.16
Construction Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
513.43 385.75
520.41 375.48
525.13 368.25
539.81 368.22
558.53 371.61
571.57 369.71
588.48 370.11
609.48 374.83
629.75 382.13
655.11 389.02
685.78 393.45
695.89 388.55
711.82 392.19
727.11 391.76
Manufacturing Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
436.16 327.69
449.73 324.48
464.43 325.69
480.80 327.97
502.12 334.08
509.26 329.40
526.55 331.16
548.22 337.16
557.12 338.06
573.17 340.36
590.65 338.87
595.19 332.32
618.75 340.91
636.07 342.71
Private service–providing Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
315.49 237.03
325.31 234.71
335.46 235.25
345.03 235.35
354.97 236.17
364.14 235.54
376.72 236.93
394.77 242.79
412.78 250.47
427.30 253.74
445.00 255.31
460.32 257.02
472.88 260.54
484.00 260.78
Trade, transportation, and utilities Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
331.55 249.10
339.19 244.73
348.68 244.52
359.33 245.11
370.38 246.43
378.79 245.01
390.64 245.69
407.57 250.66
423.30 256.86
434.31 257.90
449.88 258.11
459.53 256.58
471.27 259.65
481.10 259.21
Wholesale trade Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
444.48 333.94
459.27 331.36
470.51 329.95
484.46 330.46
501.17 333.45
515.14 333.21
533.29 335.40
559.39 344.03
582.21 353.28
602.77 357.94
631.40 362.25
643.45 359.27
644.38 355.03
657.12 354.05
Retail trade Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
235.62 177.02
240.15 173.27
249.63 175.06
256.89 175.23
265.77 176.83
272.56 176.30
282.76 177.84
295.97 182.02
310.34 188.31
321.63 190.99
333.38 191.27
346.16 193.28
360.81 198.79
367.28 197.89
Transportation and warehousing Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
471.72 354.41
471.12 339.91
478.02 335.22
494.36 337.22
507.27 337.50
513.37 332.06
525.60 330.57
542.55 333.67
546.86 331.83
547.97 325.40
562.31 322.61
562.70 314.18
579.75 319.42
597.79 322.09
Utilities Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
670.40 503.68
693.40 500.29
716.36 502.36
756.35 515.93
789.98 525.60
811.52 524.92
830.74 522.48
865.26 532.14
902.94 547.90
924.59 549.04
955.66 548.28
977.18 545.61
979.09 539.44
1 016.94 547.92
Information Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
479.50 360.26
495.20 357.29
512.01 359.05
535.25 365.11
551.28 366.79
564.98 365.45
592.68 372.75
622.40 382.78
646.52 392.31
675.32 401.02
700.89 402.12
731.11 408.21
738.17 406.71
761.13 410.09
Financial activities Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
354.65 266.45
369.57 266.65
386.01 270.69
403.02 274.91
419.20 278.91
436.12 282.10
451.49 283.96
472.37 290.51
500.95 303.97
517.57 307.35
537.37 308.30
558.02 311.57
575.51 317.09
608.87 328.05
Professional and business services Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
380.61 285.96
391.09 282.17
400.64 280.95
406.20 277.08
414.16 275.56
426.44 275.83
442.81 278.50
465.51 286.29
490.00 297.33
510.99 303.44
535.07 306.98
557.84 311.47
574.66 316.62
586.68 316.10
Educational health services Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
319.27 239.87
334.55 241.38
348.29 244.24
359.08 244.94
368.14 244.94
377.73 244.33
388.27 244.19
404.65 248.86
418.82 254.14
431.35 256.15
449.29 257.77
473.39 264.32
492.74 271.48
505.76 272.50
Leisure and hospitality Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
152.47 114.55
155.16 111.95
159.54 111.88
163.45 111.49
168.00 111.78
171.43 110.89
176.48 110.99
185.81 114.27
195.82 118.82
202.87 120.47
211.79 121.51
215.19 120.15
221.26 121.91
224.35 120.88
Other services Current dollars .................... 1982 dollars ........................
297.91 223.82
306.91 221.44
315.08 220.95
322.69 220.12
332.44 221.18
342.36 221.45
352.62 221.77
368.63 226.71
384.25 233.16
398.77 236.80
413.41 237.18
428.64 239.33
439.76 242.29
434.49 234.10
190
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-26. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, SIC Basis, 1947–1989
Total private
Mining
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Manufacturing
Year Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
45.58 49.00 50.24
196.47 196.00 202.58
59.89 65.52 62.33
258.15 262.08 251.33
58.83 65.23 67.56
253.58 260.92 272.42
49.13 53.08 53.80
211.77 212.32 216.94
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53.13 57.86 60.65 63.76 64.52
212.52 215.09 219.75 229.35 231.25
67.16 74.11 77.59 83.03 82.60
268.64 275.50 281.12 298.67 296.06
69.68 76.96 82.86 86.41 88.54
278.72 286.10 300.22 310.83 317.35
58.28 63.34 66.75 70.47 70.49
233.12 235.46 241.85 253.49 252.65
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
67.72 70.74 73.33 75.08 78.78
243.60 250.85 251.13 250.27 260.86
89.54 95.06 98.25 96.08 103.68
322.09 337.09 336.47 320.27 343.31
90.90 96.38 100.27 103.78 108.41
326.98 341.77 343.39 345.93 358.97
75.30 78.78 81.19 82.32 88.26
270.86 279.36 278.05 274.40 292.25
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
80.67 82.60 85.91 88.46 91.33
261.92 265.59 273.60 278.18 283.63
105.04 106.92 110.70 114.40 117.74
341.04 343.79 352.55 359.75 365.65
112.67 118.08 122.47 127.19 132.06
365.81 379.68 390.03 399.97 410.12
89.72 92.34 96.56 99.23 102.97
291.30 296.91 307.52 312.04 319.78
... ... ... ... 118.78
... ... ... ... 368.88
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
95.45 98.82 101.84 107.73 114.61
291.90 294.11 293.49 298.42 300.81
123.52 130.24 135.89 142.71 154.80
377.74 387.62 391.61 395.32 406.30
138.38 146.26 154.95 164.49 181.54
423.18 435.30 446.54 455.65 476.48
107.53 112.19 114.49 122.51 129.51
328.84 333.90 329.94 339.36 339.92
125.14 128.13 130.82 138.85 147.74
382.69 381.34 377.00 384.63 387.77
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
119.83 127.31 136.90 145.39 154.76
298.08 303.12 315.44 315.38 302.27
164.40 172.14 189.14 201.40 219.14
408.96 409.86 435.81 436.88 428.01
195.45 211.67 221.19 235.89 249.25
486.19 503.98 509.65 511.69 486.82
133.33 142.44 154.71 166.46 176.80
331.67 339.14 356.47 361.08 345.31
155.93 168.82 187.86 203.31 217.48
387.89 401.95 432.86 441.02 424.77
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
163.53 175.45 189.00 203.70 219.91
293.06 297.37 300.96 300.89 291.66
249.31 273.90 301.20 332.88 365.07
446.79 464.24 479.62 491.70 484.18
266.08 283.73 295.65 318.69 342.99
476.85 480.90 470.78 470.74 454.89
190.79 209.32 228.90 249.27 269.34
341.92 354.78 364.49 368.20 357.21
233.44 256.71 278.90 302.80 325.58
418.35 435.10 444.11 447.27 431.80
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
235.10 255.20 267.26 280.70 292.86
274.65 270.63 267.26 272.52 274.73
397.06 438.75 459.88 479.40 503.58
463.86 465.27 459.88 465.44 472.40
367.78 399.26 426.82 442.97 458.51
429.65 423.39 426.82 430.07 430.12
288.62 318.00 330.26 354.08 374.03
337.17 337.22 330.26 343.77 350.87
351.25 382.18 402.48 420.81 438.13
410.34 405.28 402.48 408.55 411.00
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
299.09 304.85 312.50 322.02 334.24
271.16 271.94 269.16 266.79 264.22
519.93 525.81 531.70 541.44 570.18
471.38 469.05 457.97 448.58 450.74
464.46 466.75 480.44 495.73 513.17
421.09 416.37 413.82 410.71 405.67
386.37 396.01 406.31 418.81 429.68
350.29 353.26 349.97 346.98 339.67
450.30 458.64 471.58 467.57 481.43
408.25 409.13 406.18 387.38 380.58
. . . = Not available.
191
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-26. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Year Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
50.06 53.59 55.45
215.95 214.12 223.59
33.77 36.22 38.42
145.56 144.88 154.92
43.21 45.48 47.63
186.25 181.92 192.06
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
55.31 62.02 65.53 68.61 71.28
232.40 230.93 237.17 246.94 255.02
39.71 42.82 43.38 45.36 47.04
158.84 159.18 157.17 163.17 168.60
47.50 54.67 57.08 59.57 62.04
202.08 203.20 206.81 214.28 222.37
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
74.48 78.17 81.41 84.02 88.51
268.02 277.77 278.73 280.47 292.78
48.75 50.18 52.20 54.10 56.15
175.36 177.94 178.77 180.33 185.93
63.92 65.68 67.53 70.12 72.74
229.93 232.91 231.27 233.73 240.83
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
90.72 93.56 96.22 99.47 102.56
293.93 299.87 306.43 312.61 317.89
57.76 58.66 60.96 62.66 64.75
187.53 188.62 194.14 197.04 201.27
75.14 77.12 80.94 84.38 85.79
243.96 247.97 257.77 265.35 266.37
... ... ... ... 70.03
... ... ... ... 217.55
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
106.08 111.11 115.66 121.90 129.85
324.98 330.60 333.86 337.65 340.52
66.61 68.57 70.95 74.95 78.66
203.82 203.87 204.21 207.56 206.48
88.91 92.13 95.72 101.75 108.70
271.71 274.43 275.79 281.72 284.93
73.60 77.04 80.38 83.97 90.57
225.08 228.93 231.41 232.91 237.85
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
136.86 143.42 151.69 159.54 169.94
340.57 342.10 348.89 346.51 332.25
82.47 87.62 91.85 96.32 102.68
204.75 208.36 212.05 209.22 200.29
112.67 117.85 122.98 129.20 137.61
280.57 281.00 283.27 280.56 268.91
96.66 103.06 110.85 117.29 126.00
240.10 245.33 254.88 254.86 246.52
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
182.19 194.27 209.13 228.14 247.93
326.92 329.07 332.42 336.59 328.45
108.86 114.60 121.66 130.20 138.62
194.68 194.17 193.54 192.23 184.12
148.19 155.43 165.26 178.00 190.77
265.04 263.58 263.41 262.97 253.21
134.67 143.52 153.45 163.67 175.27
241.45 243.27 244.57 242.08 232.57
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
266.88 290.68 309.46 328.79 341.88
312.07 308.25 309.46 319.21 320.71
147.38 158.03 163.85 171.05 174.33
172.01 167.58 163.85 166.07 163.54
209.60 229.05 245.44 263.90 278.50
244.95 242.90 245.44 256.21 261.26
190.71 208.97 225.59 239.04 247.43
223.11 221.60 225.59 232.08 232.11
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
351.36 357.72 365.38 380.24 394.82
318.55 319.11 314.71 315.03 312.11
174.64 176.08 178.70 183.62 188.72
158.33 157.07 153.92 152.13 149.19
289.02 304.30 316.90 325.25 341.17
262.03 271.45 272.95 269.47 269.70
256.75 265.85 275.93 289.49 305.79
232.77 237.15 237.67 239.84 241.73
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
192
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-27. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Dollars.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
TOTAL MANUFACTURING ..........................
436.16
449.73
464.43
480.80
502.12
509.26
526.55
548.22
557.12
573.17
590.65
595.19
618.75
636.07
TOTAL ...........................................................
468.43
483.28
499.59
519.92
544.66
549.49
566.53
589.10
591.68
606.67
624.38
624.54
652.97
671.53
Wood products ............................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... Primary metals ............................................... Fabricated metal products .............................. Machinery .......................................................
356.38 453.98 545.22 436.12 493.39
362.69 459.20 555.37 447.98 507.96
377.76 474.55 581.34 459.64 525.53
387.38 490.54 606.37 474.21 549.98
402.86 510.92 637.69 492.07 568.12
406.51 517.68 639.70 498.48 571.25
422.32 537.81 658.68 513.57 584.69
435.78 552.02 681.47 534.48 613.49
449.78 572.96 681.64 543.20 613.87
461.61 587.53 700.76 555.86 625.40
477.23 604.88 734.62 576.68 643.92
481.36 618.79 723.95 576.60 632.77
492.00 646.91 749.32 596.38 645.55
513.92 665.11 767.63 610.33 664.79
Computer and electronic products ................. Electrical equipment and appliances .............. Transportation equipment .............................. Furniture and related products ....................... Miscellaneous manufacturing .........................
450.09 412.42 606.87 324.08 346.02
464.25 426.96 633.87 330.49 358.56
482.09 439.04 652.95 348.03 370.75
499.15 451.28 697.16 360.63 378.28
514.92 470.21 750.67 373.87 389.79
518.25 471.63 751.74 375.06 400.85
534.42 496.69 773.95 385.68 414.13
562.69 515.73 795.82 410.38 431.89
579.70 522.51 774.82 428.50 437.99
596.25 538.98 796.25 443.38 454.56
609.70 550.56 817.98 459.69 465.02
613.07 548.00 817.08 464.57 483.44
642.87 560.24 877.87 494.01 499.13
674.68 582.68 890.32 505.23 510.69
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS TOTAL ...........................................................
390.65
404.17
417.95
429.15
443.82
452.83
467.88
487.04
503.99
519.91
536.82
548.41
566.84
582.65
Food manufacturing ....................................... Beverage and tobacco products .................... Textile mills .................................................... Textile product mills ....................................... Apparel ...........................................................
355.61 515.73 328.11 293.77 216.10
364.90 530.09 345.48 303.81 227.76
375.69 544.25 364.45 314.47 235.20
386.04 547.60 379.74 329.26 239.45
398.54 588.39 391.64 336.96 248.33
406.66 605.00 394.17 342.17 254.85
414.74 624.82 403.08 356.90 261.90
428.58 639.69 425.53 373.95 275.61
444.81 646.26 434.15 385.13 286.07
458.63 679.06 447.38 401.01 295.20
472.09 730.35 464.51 406.24 307.00
481.67 721.68 456.64 408.56 317.15
496.91 698.39 476.52 429.01 333.66
502.65 702.75 469.47 445.08 340.22
Leather and allied products ............................ Paper and paper products .............................. Printing and related support ........................... Petroleum and coal products ......................... Chemicals ......................................................
268.32 525.71 429.93 754.13 550.25
279.41 542.26 437.00 786.05 573.27
291.11 560.27 450.02 821.72 593.17
302.85 575.49 457.91 855.36 603.71
314.18 596.19 470.74 883.81 622.46
319.98 604.74 472.37 883.68 644.30
337.86 625.38 484.99 881.24 666.00
355.63 647.55 504.46 908.50 685.26
361.87 662.20 518.32 949.28 700.53
369.80 679.24 534.15 947.60 700.45
388.46 681.34 552.15 973.53 721.90
388.83 690.06 560.89 1003.34 735.54
412.99 705.62 573.05 990.88 759.53
458.26 719.21 587.42 1052.97 784.56
Plastics and rubber products ..........................
647.70
624.80
639.80
664.70
699.60
719.80
721.30
732.70
740.40
747.00
753.60
705.30
662.70
634.70
193
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-28. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Dollars.) Durable goods Primary metal industries Year
Total manufacturing
Total
Lumber Stone, Furniture and clay, and and wood glass fixtures products products
Total
ElecBlast Industrial tronic furnaces Fabrimachinand Blast cated and other ery and furnaces basic metal equip- electrical and products steel equipment basic products ment steel products
Transportation equipment
Total
MiscelInstrulaneous ments manufacMotor and turing vehicles related indusand products tries equipment
1947 .............................................. 1948 .............................................. 1949 ..............................................
49.13 53.08 53.80
51.64 56.24 57.13
43.93 47.64 48.10
45.53 48.83 49.36
48.95 53.20 54.27
55.38 61.14 60.90
56.51 62.84 63.34
56.51 62.84 63.34
51.74 56.37 57.45
55.78 60.38 60.27
... ... ...
56.97 61.70 65.10
58.63 63.15 67.33
... ... ...
44.75 48.03 48.23
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
58.28 63.34 66.75 70.47 70.49
59.60 68.48 72.04 76.22 75.79
51.31 55.41 59.15 61.31 61.39
53.55 57.13 60.86 62.99 62.80
59.06 63.76 66.17 70.18 71.69
67.36 75.30 77.52 84.46 81.48
67.95 77.71 80.00 88.29 83.92
67.95 77.71 80.00 88.29 83.92
63.04 68.55 71.72 76.49 76.70
67.04 76.13 79.55 82.68 81.40
... ... ... ... ...
71.29 75.81 81.51 85.28 86.30
74.85 77.16 84.87 89.88 91.30
... ... ... ... ...
52.02 55.08 59.02 61.56 61.78
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
75.30 78.78 81.19 82.32 88.26
81.77 85.28 87.85 88.88 95.65
63.99 65.74 66.82 69.48 74.24
67.07 68.78 69.83 69.95 74.48
77.00 80.56 82.82 84.80 91.46
92.51 97.17 99.00 101.11 112.19
96.80 102.87 105.57 108.00 122.71
96.80 102.87 105.57 108.00 122.71
81.73 84.67 88.34 90.17 96.12
87.15 93.06 94.12 94.33 102.92
... ... ... ... ...
93.48 94.81 97.51 100.40 107.45
99.84 96.82 100.61 101.24 111.38
... ... ... ... ...
64.88 67.60 69.48 70.17 73.42
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
89.72 92.34 96.56 99.23 102.97
97.04 99.70 104.30 108.09 112.05
74.29 77.03 79.20 82.41 85.65
75.20 76.40 79.37 81.80 84.46
92.57 95.24 98.81 102.67 105.50
109.59 114.55 119.80 124.64 129.69
116.13 122.92 127.40 133.06 138.43
116.13 122.92 127.40 133.06 138.43
98.42 100.85 104.81 107.79 111.76
104.55 107.16 113.01 116.20 121.69
... ... ... ... ...
111.52 113.40 122.22 126.42 130.09
115.21 114.69 127.67 132.68 138.03
... ... ... ... ...
74.28 75.84 78.61 80.39 82.37
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
107.53 112.19 114.49 122.51 129.51
116.76 121.67 123.19 131.65 139.59
89.16 92.21 95.91 104.75 110.55
87.98 91.72 94.13 100.28 105.85
110.04 114.24 117.31 124.98 133.66
133.88 138.09 137.27 147.68 158.42
140.90 144.73 143.51 154.16 166.03
140.90 144.73 143.51 154.16 166.03
116.20 122.11 123.67 131.77 138.94
127.15 134.90 135.58 141.12 152.15
... ... ... ... ...
137.71 141.86 142.42 155.72 161.44
147.63 147.23 144.84 167.66 170.97
... ... ... ... ...
85.39 88.80 92.59 98.50 103.74
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
133.33 142.44 154.71 166.46 176.80
143.07 152.74 167.68 180.09 190.82
117.61 126.56 134.94 144.80 152.88
108.58 115.42 123.82 131.60 138.02
140.08 152.67 165.48 176.82 187.50
158.77 169.62 192.92 213.19 232.96
166.40 177.80 206.25 229.77 258.95
166.40 177.80 206.25 229.77 258.95
143.67 152.31 166.86 178.46 188.09
154.95 163.21 181.87 196.88 207.97
... ... ... ... ...
163.62 181.12 200.58 216.82 224.37
170.07 194.46 220.59 237.51 238.32
... ... ... ... ...
109.52 115.53 122.85 128.31 136.61
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
190.79 209.32 228.90 249.27 269.34
205.49 226.14 248.46 270.44 290.50
166.06 189.13 203.89 223.68 240.16
143.64 154.81 169.26 183.92 195.82
198.77 219.06 239.95 262.91 284.28
247.20 276.22 305.62 342.76 371.77
274.13 305.88 338.58 389.69 428.89
274.13 305.88 338.58 389.69 428.89
202.51 224.40 242.31 260.35 278.80
219.10 238.55 259.79 284.76 305.24
... ... ... ... ...
245.23 276.05 309.83 333.80 350.58
259.53 304.16 345.40 368.05 372.37
... ... ... ... ...
146.69 156.75 169.17 181.97 195.16
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
288.62 318.00 330.26 354.08 374.03
310.78 342.91 354.88 381.77 402.82
253.60 271.67 284.23 313.58 321.20
209.17 226.94 234.73 260.83 271.55
306.00 335.76 355.69 384.71 401.94
391.78 437.81 437.34 459.68 478.30
448.77 509.04 505.97 509.16 528.29
448.77 509.04 505.97 509.16 528.29
300.98 330.46 343.78 370.27 389.16
328.00 360.33 367.62 387.18 417.74
... ... ... ... ...
379.61 424.95 449.96 491.31 520.94
394.00 450.72 470.61 525.66 557.57
... ... ... ... ...
211.30 231.64 246.53 266.27 277.77
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
386.37 396.01 406.31 418.81 429.68
415.71 424.56 432.85 447.68 458.02
329.18 338.15 342.26 344.46 354.48
282.50 296.91 306.80 313.23 325.88
412.30 423.69 433.58 446.69 457.69
484.31 496.93 514.61 528.96 534.49
547.86 572.54 597.62 615.12 618.45
547.86 572.54 597.62 615.12 618.45
401.02 408.46 416.42 431.15 439.71
427.45 440.13 452.81 473.12 483.36
... ... ... 401.39 410.04
541.45 541.86 543.48 567.48 579.61
582.47 572.97 570.97 608.57 614.18
... ... ... 438.84 445.11
287.62 298.98 305.74 313.60 326.63
. . . = Not available.
194
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-28. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (Dollars.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
1947 .............................................. 1948 .............................................. 1949 ..............................................
46.03 49.54 50.41
45.92 48.84 50.49
35.17 36.58 37.26
40.99 45.28 44.52
41.80 43.68 42.76
49.69 54.70 55.42
59.30 65.13 68.60
50.26 55.29 57.67
60.94 69.30 72.42
51.60 53.29 54.13
40.07 41.11 41.03
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
51.45 57.42 59.95 62.57 63.18
52.88 56.84 60.34 63.50 65.67
41.00 43.89 45.31 47.63 48.88
48.59 51.22 52.39 53.18 52.09
44.60 46.64 47.92 48.74 48.36
60.53 65.08 68.05 71.81 73.18
71.23 74.30 78.58 82.29 83.93
61.64 66.91 69.12 74.21 77.11
75.11 81.19 85.05 90.35 93.20
60.27 64.46 69.53 72.32 72.83
43.95 46.13 49.92 50.90 50.18
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
67.03 70.09 72.52 74.50 78.61
68.89 72.69 75.48 79.15 82.82
51.86 56.26 58.75 62.17 64.52
55.34 57.17 57.96 57.51 63.02
49.73 52.92 53.91 54.05 56.63
78.01 82.18 85.45 87.99 93.30
87.91 90.64 92.64 94.62 99.72
80.97 85.90 89.98 93.20 99.36
96.93 104.14 108.53 111.66 117.42
81.32 81.61 85.67 85.67 93.75
52.68 55.65 56.85 57.25 60.26
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
80.36 82.92 86.15 87.91 90.91
86.09 88.75 91.84 94.30 97.17
64.94 69.42 71.41 73.92 75.66
63.60 65.04 68.21 69.43 73.39
56.45 58.06 61.18 62.45 64.26
95.15 99.45 102.24 105.90 109.57
102.91 105.05 108.01 110.69 114.35
103.25 106.81 110.24 113.15 116.48
118.78 124.01 126.88 131.77 133.76
92.80 96.15 100.04 101.02 104.90
60.52 62.83 64.67 66.00 69.36
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
94.64 98.49 102.03 109.05 115.53
100.28 103.82 107.98 114.24 120.77
79.21 85.19 87.62 93.99 97.99
77.98 82.12 84.25 91.05 95.88
66.61 68.80 73.08 79.78 82.93
114.22 119.35 122.84 130.85 139.32
118.12 122.61 125.95 133.28 141.33
121.09 125.16 128.96 136.27 145.05
138.42 144.58 152.87 159.38 170.40
109.62 112.56 113.85 121.60 126.90
71.82 74.88 79.07 85.41 87.79
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
120.43 128.51 138.16 146.52 156.79
127.98 136.21 145.80 155.54 169.28
110.00 119.45 130.47 145.14 157.80
97.76 104.34 113.58 120.66 126.40
84.37 88.64 93.60 99.08 104.54
144.14 154.51 169.06 180.18 191.17
147.78 157.50 170.03 179.08 188.63
153.50 165.15 177.64 188.52 202.52
183.18 195.60 211.79 223.87 239.13
129.36 137.76 149.56 158.21 166.05
92.63 97.64 102.64 105.46 110.33
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
169.56 185.57 201.33 218.28 236.19
185.78 201.69 214.80 230.26 250.17
173.81 186.75 209.41 233.55 253.46
134.41 147.97 161.20 173.72 188.26
111.58 121.72 128.87 140.26 149.32
208.42 232.48 255.68 279.71 303.74
198.52 214.13 230.72 244.78 260.25
220.99 245.86 268.13 294.14 318.44
266.98 303.54 334.34 376.27 409.97
176.36 191.70 214.13 227.81 244.41
119.09 127.16 133.21 144.32 154.03
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
255.84 281.85 297.60 318.75 333.08
271.95 295.37 312.05 323.51 333.92
294.89 344.54 370.06 388.21 436.46
203.31 218.59 218.63 249.67 257.75
161.42 177.43 180.44 194.76 202.02
330.85 365.50 389.58 423.02 448.67
279.36 305.49 324.25 342.54 356.64
344.45 379.39 407.36 440.13 463.83
422.18 491.62 546.99 582.99 587.33
263.20 290.97 304.92 332.07 348.20
168.09 183.13 189.75 203.87 210.13
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
345.31 357.11 369.44 379.89 391.95
342.80 350.00 358.99 367.54 381.77
444.91 481.71 548.73 583.87 590.97
265.99 284.82 299.71 302.58 313.70
208.57 214.33 219.78 226.44 234.32
466.77 482.98 496.06 506.18 517.87
367.04 379.62 390.64 400.14 412.35
484.36 501.96 523.25 536.36 555.02
604.58 621.52 641.52 664.67 682.66
353.46 363.91 373.57 383.22 391.64
216.88 218.45 232.26 235.50 249.76
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
195
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2003 (Thousands of people.) State
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
Alabama .................................. Alaska ...................................... Arizona .................................... Arkansas .................................. California .................................
886.5 70.5 403.7 458.8 5 800.3
935.6 73.1 434.8 489.8 6 145.2
951.8 76.8 445.5 501.0 6 367.6
970.1 79.9 473.4 514.6 6 642.1
1 000.2 86.8 517.2 533.8 6 931.5
1 010.4 93.1 547.4 536.2 6 946.2
1 021.9 97.8 581.3 551.0 6 917.0
1 072.3 103.5 646.2 581.5 7 209.9
1 135.5 109.9 714.4 614.5 7 621.9
1 169.8 127.8 745.9 640.7 7 834.3
1 155.4 161.9 729.0 623.8 7 847.2
1 207.0 171.7 758.8 659.9 8 154.2
1 269.2 163.3 809.4 695.5 8 599.7
Colorado .................................. Connecticut .............................. Delaware ................................. District of Columbia ................. Florida ...................................... Georgia ....................................
599.0 1 032.9 184.1 572.5 1 619.1 1 257.2
631.3 1 095.4 193.2 587.0 1 726.8 1 337.9
655.9 1 130.1 197.4 594.7 1 816.4 1 394.8
686.7 1 158.0 202.9 582.8 1 932.3 1 455.7
720.8 1 194.1 211.9 575.0 2 069.9 1 531.7
750.2 1 197.5 216.8 566.7 2 152.1 1 557.5
787.1 1 164.3 224.9 566.6 2 276.3 1 602.9
869.4 1 190.4 232.4 572.0 2 513.1 1 695.2
936.0 1 238.7 239.4 573.7 2 778.6 1 802.5
959.7 1 264.0 233.1 580.1 2 863.8 1 827.5
963.5 1 223.4 229.9 576.5 2 746.4 1 755.7
1 003.4 1 239.7 236.7 575.8 2 784.3 1 839.2
1 058.1 1 282.3 238.8 578.7 2 933.4 1 926.5
Hawaii ...................................... Idaho ........................................ Illinois ....................................... Indiana ..................................... Iowa .........................................
219.4 177.6 3 880.4 1 631.1 752.3
232.1 184.8 4 095.4 1 737.2 803.9
241.7 187.7 4 209.7 1 777.0 832.9
255.4 192.9 4 284.9 1 817.4 852.1
275.8 201.4 4 376.1 1 880.3 873.4
293.7 207.9 4 345.6 1 849.0 876.9
301.5 217.2 4 296.4 1 841.1 882.8
312.7 236.5 4 314.8 1 921.9 912.3
327.5 251.7 4 467.0 2 028.1 961.3
335.9 266.8 4 545.7 2 031.4 999.0
342.8 273.0 4 418.9 1 941.7 998.7
349.2 291.1 4 565.0 2 023.8 1 036.9
359.4 307.4 4 655.5 2 114.0 1 079.2
Kansas ..................................... Kentucky .................................. Louisiana ................................. Maine ....................................... Maryland ..................................
600.4 758.9 898.4 295.4 1 057.5
634.3 804.0 957.9 309.3 1 132.1
652.8 836.5 997.2 316.9 1 178.5
672.1 868.6 1 020.5 323.2 1 223.8
686.5 895.5 1 032.8 330.1 1 272.4
678.8 910.0 1 033.6 332.2 1 349.2
677.9 931.6 1 055.9 332.3 1 371.5
717.5 988.3 1 128.6 343.7 1 415.0
763.3 1 038.6 1 176.1 354.8 1 471.5
790.0 1 065.9 1 220.8 361.5 1 493.6
801.2 1 057.6 1 249.5 356.9 1 479.3
834.8 1 103.1 1 314.4 375.3 1 498.3
871.0 1 148.2 1 364.6 387.8 1 545.5
Massachusetts ......................... Michigan .................................. Minnesota ................................ Mississippi ............................... Missouri ...................................
2 015.8 2 685.3 1 080.6 486.6 1 478.3
2 097.4 2 861.0 1 148.3 521.6 1 554.2
2 147.9 2 900.5 1 199.8 535.1 1 595.6
2 187.9 2 959.7 1 243.4 551.9 1 631.3
2 249.4 3 081.1 1 299.8 573.0 1 672.2
2 243.5 2 999.1 1 315.3 583.9 1 668.1
2 211.4 2 995.0 1 310.2 602.2 1 660.9
2 251.7 3 118.9 1 357.1 649.3 1 700.1
2 333.4 3 284.4 1 436.1 693.2 1 770.8
2 353.8 3 277.7 1 481.0 710.8 1 789.3
2 273.1 3 136.6 1 474.4 692.3 1 740.6
2 323.5 3 283.0 1 520.9 727.5 1 797.8
2 416.1 3 442.3 1 597.3 765.9 1 861.9
Montana ................................... Nebraska ................................. Nevada .................................... New Hampshire ....................... New Jersey ..............................
179.3 418.7 157.3 220.8 2 256.5
184.7 434.2 162.0 235.2 2 359.1
188.0 449.3 166.1 244.0 2 421.5
192.6 458.9 177.3 251.8 2 485.2
195.6 474.4 193.5 259.2 2 569.6
199.1 484.3 203.2 258.5 2 606.2
204.8 490.9 210.5 259.9 2 607.6
215.4 517.0 223.5 278.5 2 672.5
224.2 541.3 244.6 297.8 2 759.7
234.0 562.1 256.0 300.3 2 783.0
238.2 557.8 263.1 292.8 2 699.9
251.1 572.1 279.8 313.4 2 753.7
264.9 593.7 308.2 337.1 2 836.9
New Mexico ............................. New York ................................. North Carolina ......................... North Dakota ........................... Ohio .........................................
262.5 6 518.7 1 431.2 146.1 3 364.3
271.7 6 709.5 1 534.3 148.4 3 537.3
272.6 6 858.3 1 600.9 151.5 3 619.8
276.6 7 001.7 1 678.6 155.7 3 750.8
287.5 7 182.0 1 747.0 157.9 3 887.3
292.6 7 156.5 1 782.8 163.7 3 880.7
305.7 7 011.4 1 813.5 167.1 3 839.6
327.5 7 038.5 1 912.0 176.1 3 938.3
346.0 7 132.2 2 018.1 183.9 4 112.9
360.2 7 077.1 2 048.2 193.8 4 169.4
370.2 6 829.9 1 979.8 203.6 4 016.2
390.0 6 789.5 2 082.8 215.0 4 094.6
415.4 6 857.6 2 170.6 221.1 4 230.1
Oklahoma ................................ Oregon ..................................... Pennsylvania ........................... Rhode Island ........................... South Carolina .........................
642.5 608.3 3 917.5 316.3 686.0
676.0 640.4 4 077.1 329.9 734.9
699.6 652.2 4 171.3 338.3 754.5
720.4 679.1 4 263.5 343.0 782.9
748.2 708.7 4 374.9 346.4 819.8
762.5 710.6 4 351.6 344.0 842.0
774.4 728.8 4 291.3 342.8 862.6
812.0 774.7 4 400.0 358.1 920.3
851.9 816.2 4 506.5 365.9 984.0
886.9 838.2 4 514.6 367.0 1 015.8
899.7 837.3 4 435.8 349.2 982.6
931.1 878.5 4 512.8 366.7 1 038.1
971.6 936.9 4 565.2 381.7 1 081.7
South Dakota ........................... Tennessee ............................... Texas ....................................... Utah ......................................... Vermont ...................................
155.6 1 108.5 2 932.4 299.8 121.3
160.1 1 184.4 3 108.7 317.4 130.8
163.9 1 218.8 3 259.3 326.6 136.3
167.9 1 264.0 3 424.3 335.1 140.3
173.0 1 309.8 3 597.1 348.2 145.5
175.4 1 327.6 3 625.0 356.9 147.9
179.0 1 356.8 3 683.5 369.3 148.1
189.9 1 450.1 3 884.4 393.0 153.6
199.1 1 531.2 4 141.7 414.8 161.3
206.6 1 558.2 4 360.3 434.1 162.8
209.3 1 505.8 4 462.9 440.3 162.0
218.6 1 575.4 4 683.7 462.8 168.4
226.6 1 648.1 4 906.8 488.7 178.4
Virginia ..................................... Washington .............................. West Virginia ........................... Wisconsin ................................ Wyoming ..................................
1 218.9 896.5 476.6 1 331.7 ...
1 285.3 988.5 495.2 1 394.1 97.2
1 330.2 1 045.3 503.6 1 430.5 99.0
1 385.0 1 099.3 508.4 1 472.1 102.9
1 436.4 1 120.2 512.3 1 525.1 107.0
1 518.9 1 079.3 516.5 1 530.4 108.4
1 567.1 1 064.4 520.0 1 525.4 111.1
1 655.5 1 100.1 540.5 1 580.8 117.3
1 753.1 1 152.2 561.6 1 660.5 126.1
1 804.6 1 199.1 572.4 1 703.4 136.5
1 778.6 1 225.7 574.7 1 676.8 146.0
1 848.1 1 282.9 596.3 1 725.9 156.6
1 930.4 1 366.9 611.5 1 798.9 170.6
Puerto Rico .............................. Virgin Islands ...........................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 33.1
... 31.3
... 32.2
. . . = Not available.
196
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2003— Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Alabama .................................. Alaska ...................................... Arizona .................................... Arkansas .................................. California .................................
1 336.5 163.5 895.4 732.7 9 199.8
1 362.0 166.9 980.0 749.5 9 664.6
1 356.1 169.4 1 014.0 742.3 9 848.8
1 347.6 186.1 1 040.8 740.1 9 985.3
1 312.5 200.4 1 029.8 720.1 9 810.3
1 328.8 214.3 1 077.8 741.3 9 917.8
1 387.7 225.7 1 181.9 780.2 10 390.0
1 427.1 230.7 1 278.6 797.1 10 769.8
1 463.3 220.7 1 337.8 813.8 11 085.5
1 507.7 210.1 1 385.8 836.6 11 472.6
1 558.7 213.7 1 419.3 865.4 11 911.5
1 601.2 227.0 1 454.5 893.4 12 238.5
1 635.8 238.0 1 483.0 923.4 12 499.8
Colorado .................................. Connecticut .............................. Delaware ................................. District of Columbia ................. Florida ...................................... Georgia ....................................
1 149.9 1 346.1 247.8 596.3 3 180.6 2 050.1
1 218.0 1 398.0 256.7 612.5 3 381.2 2 127.5
1 251.1 1 426.9 259.2 616.1 3 576.2 2 159.4
1 295.2 1 438.3 259.2 611.0 3 736.0 2 198.7
1 316.6 1 428.5 259.2 597.9 3 761.9 2 201.5
1 327.2 1 444.2 266.1 596.6 3 905.4 2 279.5
1 402.3 1 517.3 280.0 613.8 4 204.2 2 448.7
1 418.7 1 558.2 293.3 629.0 4 410.0 2 569.8
1 408.3 1 598.4 303.2 640.0 4 599.4 2 672.4
1 412.6 1 638.2 320.7 655.6 4 848.1 2 782.0
1 436.1 1 667.4 334.2 673.6 5 066.6 2 875.9
1 482.3 1 665.6 344.5 680.6 5 260.9 2 941.1
1 520.8 1 623.5 347.4 686.0 5 387.4 2 991.8
Hawaii ...................................... Idaho ........................................ Illinois ....................................... Indiana ..................................... Iowa .........................................
377.3 331.3 4 788.8 2 205.5 1 119.2
394.0 338.0 4 880.0 2 236.3 1 131.7
404.1 330.0 4 850.3 2 129.5 1 109.9
404.8 327.8 4 732.3 2 114.5 1 088.6
399.4 312.2 4 593.3 2 028.1 1 041.9
406.2 317.9 4 530.6 2 029.5 1 040.4
412.7 330.5 4 672.3 2 122.3 1 074.7
425.8 336.0 4 755.3 2 168.6 1 074.2
438.6 328.2 4 790.7 2 221.8 1 073.8
460.0 333.4 4 928.3 2 304.9 1 109.1
478.1 348.6 5 097.5 2 395.6 1 156.2
505.5 365.8 5 213.9 2 479.3 1 200.1
528.4 385.0 5 288.4 2 521.9 1 226.3
Kansas ..................................... Kentucky .................................. Louisiana ................................. Maine ....................................... Maryland ..................................
912.5 1 209.9 1 463.5 405.5 1 625.5
946.8 1 245.3 1 517.4 415.9 1 691.4
944.7 1 210.0 1 578.9 418.3 1 712.0
949.8 1 196.4 1 630.5 419.3 1 715.8
921.4 1 160.7 1 607.0 415.5 1 675.6
921.5 1 152.3 1 565.2 425.1 1 723.8
960.8 1 213.8 1 601.5 445.7 1 814.0
967.9 1 250.4 1 591.2 458.4 1 887.8
984.8 1 274.1 1 518.5 477.4 1 952.0
1 005.1 1 328.2 1 483.6 501.1 2 028.0
1 035.4 1 381.9 1 511.6 527.1 2 102.3
1 064.2 1 433.0 1 538.5 541.9 2 155.2
1 088.4 1 470.5 1 589.8 535.0 2 171.2
Massachusetts ......................... Michigan .................................. Minnesota ................................ Mississippi ............................... Missouri ...................................
2 526.3 3 609.4 1 689.3 813.7 1 953.2
2 603.5 3 637.1 1 767.0 838.1 2 011.2
2 654.3 3 442.8 1 770.2 829.3 1 969.8
2 671.8 3 364.4 1 761.3 819.1 1 956.5
2 642.0 3 193.3 1 707.3 790.9 1 922.5
2 696.5 3 223.1 1 718.4 792.8 1 937.0
2 855.8 3 381.0 1 819.8 820.8 2 032.7
2 930.0 3 561.5 1 865.5 838.9 2 094.7
2 988.8 3 657.3 1 892.5 848.2 2 142.6
3 065.8 3 735.8 1 962.5 864.4 2 197.8
3 130.8 3 819.3 2 028.1 896.2 2 258.9
3 108.6 3 922.4 2 086.8 919.3 2 315.0
2 984.8 3 969.7 2 126.7 936.5 2 345.0
Montana ................................... Nebraska ................................. Nevada .................................... New Hampshire ....................... New Jersey ..............................
280.4 610.1 350.2 359.7 2 961.9
283.9 631.2 383.7 378.5 3 027.2
280.4 627.6 399.9 385.4 3 060.4
281.9 623.2 411.1 394.6 3 098.9
273.7 609.8 401.1 394.4 3 092.7
276.0 610.8 402.8 409.5 3 165.1
281.1 635.4 426.0 441.6 3 329.2
279.1 650.5 446.4 466.1 3 414.1
275.4 652.5 468.1 490.1 3 488.1
274.1 667.2 500.2 512.8 3 576.3
282.9 688.1 537.6 529.0 3 651.0
291.0 708.0 581.0 529.1 3 689.8
297.2 730.1 620.9 508.0 3 635.1
New Mexico ............................. New York ................................. North Carolina ......................... North Dakota ........................... Ohio .........................................
444.3 7 044.5 2 277.5 234.0 4 394.9
461.0 7 179.4 2 373.0 244.2 4 484.8
465.4 7 207.1 2 380.1 245.2 4 367.4
475.5 7 287.3 2 391.6 249.4 4 317.7
473.6 7 254.6 2 347.0 249.7 4 124.3
479.5 7 313.3 2 419.3 250.7 4 092.5
502.7 7 570.4 2 565.2 252.5 4 260.2
520.2 7 751.3 2 651.2 252.0 4 372.9
525.9 7 907.9 2 744.1 249.9 4 471.5
529.3 8 059.4 2 862.6 252.4 4 582.6
547.5 8 186.9 2 986.6 256.8 4 700.6
562.2 8 246.8 3 073.9 260.4 4 817.5
580.4 8 212.3 3 117.6 265.8 4 882.3
Oklahoma ................................ Oregon ..................................... Pennsylvania ........................... Rhode Island ........................... South Carolina .........................
1 035.7 1 009.2 4 716.2 395.8 1 137.5
1 088.0 1 056.0 4 806.1 399.9 1 176.0
1 138.1 1 044.5 4 753.1 398.3 1 188.8
1 201.2 1 018.7 4 728.9 401.4 1 196.5
1 216.9 961.1 4 580.1 390.5 1 162.3
1 170.7 966.7 4 524.3 396.4 1 189.0
1 180.3 1 006.9 4 654.8 416.4 1 262.5
1 165.3 1 030.0 4 730.3 429.2 1 296.2
1 124.4 1 058.5 4 790.9 442.6 1 338.0
1 108.5 1 100.1 4 915.1 451.9 1 392.2
1 131.5 1 152.8 5 041.7 459.4 1 449.0
1 163.8 1 205.8 5 138.5 461.9 1 499.7
1 195.8 1 247.0 5 170.2 451.2 1 545.0
South Dakota ........................... Tennessee ............................... Texas ....................................... Utah ......................................... Vermont ...................................
236.6 1 737.0 5 271.6 525.4 190.6
241.3 1 777.3 5 601.8 548.4 197.9
238.0 1 746.6 5 851.3 550.8 200.1
236.1 1 755.4 6 180.0 558.0 204.3
230.2 1 703.1 6 263.4 560.9 202.9
235.3 1 719.0 6 193.6 567.0 206.4
247.0 1 812.1 6 492.3 601.2 214.9
249.4 1 867.8 6 663.1 624.4 224.8
251.9 1 929.8 6 564.2 634.1 234.4
256.9 2 011.7 6 516.9 640.0 245.6
266.1 2 092.1 6 677.8 660.0 256.1
276.0 2 167.2 6 840.0 691.1 261.8
288.7 2 193.2 7 095.3 723.6 257.7
Virginia ..................................... Washington .............................. West Virginia ........................... Wisconsin ................................ Wyoming ..................................
2 033.5 1 485.4 633.1 1 887.0 187.4
2 115.0 1 581.2 658.6 1 960.2 200.7
2 157.0 1 608.3 645.9 1 938.1 210.2
2 160.8 1 612.0 628.5 1 923.2 223.5
2 146.4 1 568.6 607.8 1 866.7 217.7
2 206.9 1 586.2 582.4 1 867.3 202.5
2 333.3 1 659.6 596.6 1 949.2 204.3
2 454.7 1 710.4 597.2 1 983.1 206.9
2 557.7 1 769.9 597.5 2 023.9 196.3
2 680.4 1 851.8 599.0 2 089.6 183.1
2 772.5 1 941.4 609.8 2 168.5 189.0
2 861.9 2 046.8 614.7 2 236.4 192.8
2 896.2 2 143.0 630.0 2 291.5 198.5
Puerto Rico .............................. Virgin Islands ...........................
... 33.8
... 36.1
693.1 37.3
679.7 37.7
641.6 36.5
645.6 36.4
684.2 36.6
692.5 36.9
728.0 37.7
763.8 39.6
817.8 41.5
837.4 42.0
843.8 43.0
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
197
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2003—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Alabama .................................. Alaska ...................................... Arizona .................................... Arkansas .................................. California .................................
1 642.0 242.7 1 491.2 936.3 12 358.9
1 674.4 247.1 1 517.1 963.0 12 153.5
1 716.8 252.8 1 584.4 993.9 12 045.4
1 758.5 259.3 1 692.0 1 034.0 12 159.5
1 803.7 261.9 1 795.3 1 069.3 12 422.0
1 828.6 263.5 1 892.2 1 085.9 12 743.4
1 866.2 268.7 1 984.5 1 103.9 13 129.7
1 898.1 274.9 2 074.7 1 122.1 13 596.1
1 919.5 277.8 2 163.0 1 141.7 13 991.8
1 931.2 283.8 2 242.7 1 158.5 14 488.2
1 908.7 289.3 2 265.0 1 153.7 14 601.9
1 883.2 295.0 2 265.1 1 146.3 14 457.8
1 874.8 299.7 2 289.3 1 143.7 14 410.2
Colorado .................................. Connecticut .............................. Delaware ................................. District of Columbia ................. Florida ...................................... Georgia ....................................
1 544.9 1 555.2 341.7 677.2 5 294.3 2 937.6
1 596.9 1 526.2 341.3 673.6 5 358.5 2 987.2
1 670.7 1 531.1 348.7 670.3 5 571.4 3 109.2
1 755.9 1 543.7 355.8 658.7 5 799.3 3 266.0
1 834.4 1 561.5 366.2 642.6 5 996.0 3 402.3
1 900.4 1 583.6 376.3 623.0 6 183.3 3 527.3
1 979.5 1 612.4 387.9 618.4 6 414.3 3 614.4
2 056.7 1 643.4 400.2 613.5 6 636.4 3 740.8
2 131.5 1 669.1 412.9 627.4 6 827.0 3 854.6
2 212.6 1 693.1 420.0 650.2 7 080.5 3 949.3
2 225.4 1 681.1 419.4 653.7 7 170.7 3 943.2
2 182.5 1 664.9 414.5 664.2 7 179.7 3 869.5
2 150.4 1 643.2 413.6 664.6 7 285.5 3 859.8
Hawaii ...................................... Idaho ........................................ Illinois ....................................... Indiana ..................................... Iowa .........................................
539.1 398.1 5 231.5 2 507.3 1 238.1
542.8 416.4 5 234.7 2 554.2 1 252.5
538.8 436.5 5 330.4 2 626.9 1 278.5
536.1 460.9 5 462.9 2 712.7 1 319.9
532.8 477.3 5 593.1 2 786.5 1 358.0
530.7 491.0 5 684.6 2 814.3 1 383.4
531.6 507.5 5 772.0 2 858.4 1 407.0
531.3 521.1 5 898.6 2 917.2 1 442.7
535.0 538.9 5 958.4 2 969.9 1 468.6
551.4 559.6 6 044.8 3 000.0 1 478.4
555.0 567.7 5 995.2 2 933.4 1 465.6
556.8 568.2 5 883.9 2 900.9 1 447.3
567.3 571.8 5 817.6 2 896.8 1 440.3
Kansas ..................................... Kentucky .................................. Louisiana ................................. Maine ....................................... Maryland ..................................
1 095.3 1 474.7 1 612.9 513.4 2 099.8
1 115.0 1 508.5 1 626.9 511.8 2 081.3
1 133.3 1 547.8 1 658.6 519.3 2 102.3
1 165.8 1 597.1 1 722.1 531.5 2 145.8
1 198.0 1 642.8 1 772.3 538.1 2 182.6
1 226.6 1 671.7 1 809.6 542.4 2 211.1
1 268.4 1 711.2 1 849.9 553.7 2 267.2
1 312.3 1 752.7 1 889.4 569.1 2 324.3
1 327.1 1 795.4 1 896.2 586.3 2 386.5
1 344.9 1 824.6 1 919.9 603.4 2 450.0
1 347.7 1 804.0 1 917.5 608.1 2 467.3
1 335.0 1 788.8 1 897.8 606.5 2 476.7
1 311.9 1 782.9 1 905.9 606.1 2 482.5
Massachusetts ......................... Michigan .................................. Minnesota ................................ Mississippi ............................... Missouri ...................................
2 821.1 3 891.2 2 136.8 937.5 2 309.1
2 795.1 3 927.5 2 184.9 960.2 2 333.6
2 840.1 4 005.8 2 242.7 1 002.1 2 394.6
2 903.6 4 146.9 2 310.4 1 055.5 2 470.4
2 976.6 4 273.9 2 378.5 1 074.5 2 520.9
3 035.3 4 360.8 2 433.2 1 088.8 2 567.4
3 109.2 4 448.1 2 490.8 1 107.1 2 639.3
3 178.6 4 510.2 2 555.0 1 133.6 2 684.0
3 236.8 4 581.9 2 613.0 1 153.1 2 726.8
3 323.2 4 673.9 2 675.7 1 153.5 2 748.7
3 329.1 4 555.9 2 680.3 1 129.9 2 726.4
3 249.7 4 477.8 2 654.5 1 123.6 2 694.8
3 186.3 4 411.8 2 651.3 1 116.6 2 676.0
Montana ................................... Nebraska ................................. Nevada .................................... New Hampshire ....................... New Jersey ..............................
303.6 739.2 628.6 482.0 3 498.6
316.5 750.1 638.6 486.9 3 457.8
325.6 767.2 671.5 502.4 3 493.0
340.1 796.1 738.0 523.1 3 552.7
350.7 816.3 786.0 539.7 3 600.5
360.3 834.8 842.9 553.6 3 638.9
364.9 854.2 890.7 570.2 3 724.5
373.0 876.1 925.8 588.9 3 801.2
380.2 892.7 983.0 605.7 3 901.1
387.5 908.4 1 026.9 622.0 3 994.5
391.7 913.2 1 051.4 627.2 3 997.1
396.0 905.7 1 052.0 618.4 3 983.9
400.1 903.8 1 087.4 616.6 3 980.3
New Mexico ............................. New York ................................. North Carolina ......................... North Dakota ........................... Ohio .........................................
585.4 7 886.7 3 072.1 270.6 4 818.6
601.5 7 730.3 3 125.3 277.1 4 847.6
626.1 7 759.7 3 244.6 284.8 4 918.3
657.3 7 831.3 3 358.8 294.7 5 075.9
682.4 7 892.2 3 459.5 301.7 5 221.0
694.5 7 938.7 3 546.4 308.6 5 296.4
708.4 8 067.1 3 663.1 314.0 5 392.4
719.9 8 236.8 3 773.6 319.4 5 482.0
729.7 8 455.9 3 870.3 323.8 5 563.5
744.8 8 635.2 3 933.7 327.7 5 624.6
757.2 8 591.7 3 898.7 329.7 5 542.6
766.1 8 459.0 3 837.1 329.8 5 445.0
775.5 8 403.5 3 803.1 332.6 5 391.0
Oklahoma ................................ Oregon ..................................... Pennsylvania ........................... Rhode Island ........................... South Carolina .........................
1 210.9 1 244.6 5 083.6 421.5 1 513.5
1 221.6 1 267.3 5 075.6 424.7 1 527.7
1 246.9 1 308.1 5 122.9 430.0 1 570.0
1 279.4 1 362.7 5 192.4 434.1 1 607.3
1 315.6 1 418.2 5 253.1 440.1 1 646.1
1 353.4 1 474.5 5 306.2 441.5 1 675.1
1 392.5 1 526.3 5 406.4 449.9 1 720.2
1 441.1 1 551.6 5 494.8 458.0 1 783.3
1 461.9 1 574.9 5 586.1 465.5 1 830.6
1 489.4 1 606.6 5 691.3 476.7 1 859.4
1 506.8 1 593.6 5 682.5 478.4 1 823.4
1 486.5 1 572.5 5 640.8 479.4 1 804.7
1 450.6 1 562.0 5 602.2 483.7 1 812.5
South Dakota ........................... Tennessee ............................... Texas ....................................... Utah ......................................... Vermont ...................................
296.4 2 183.6 7 174.7 745.3 249.1
308.5 2 245.0 7 269.0 768.6 251.2
318.7 2 328.4 7 481.5 809.8 257.4
331.9 2 422.9 7 750.9 859.7 263.9
343.5 2 498.9 8 022.6 907.5 270.2
348.7 2 533.3 8 256.1 954.4 275.1
354.9 2 584.0 8 608.0 993.5 279.4
363.2 2 638.3 8 940.2 1 023.2 285.0
373.3 2 685.3 9 159.3 1 048.5 291.6
377.7 2 728.9 9 433.4 1 075.4 298.7
378.5 2 688.3 9 518.4 1 081.3 302.1
377.3 2 664.4 9 422.9 1 073.4 299.3
378.2 2 667.5 9 373.1 1 073.8 298.6
Virginia ..................................... Washington .............................. West Virginia ........................... Wisconsin ................................ Wyoming ..................................
2 828.9 2 177.3 628.8 2 302.1 203.0
2 848.4 2 222.4 639.8 2 357.9 205.6
2 918.9 2 252.9 652.4 2 412.7 210.3
3 003.6 2 304.2 674.4 2 490.7 216.8
3 069.6 2 346.9 687.8 2 558.6 219.3
3 135.8 2 415.5 698.6 2 600.6 221.1
3 231.8 2 514.2 707.8 2 655.8 224.5
3 319.9 2 594.9 719.3 2 718.0 228.3
3 412.3 2 648.6 726.0 2 784.0 233.1
3 516.5 2 711.2 735.8 2 833.8 239.3
3 516.5 2 697.0 735.2 2 813.9 245.4
3 494.1 2 654.1 733.1 2 782.4 247.9
3 500.3 2 659.4 726.3 2 778.9 250.0
Puerto Rico .............................. Virgin Islands ...........................
835.6 43.8
855.8 44.9
869.4 48.5
895.7 44.4
927.3 41.9
970.6 41.1
986.8 41.7
994.4 41.7
1 008.9 40.9
1 022.9 41.6
992.8 44.2
983.7 43.0
1 000.9 41.6
198
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-30. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people.) State
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
363.8 14.1 176.5 219.3 1 959.8
354.2 15.1 170.7 219.1 1 885.2
356.8 15.8 166.8 223.6 1 787.0
359.3 15.1 169.6 230.6 1 695.2
361.8 14.4 181.7 240.2 1 683.8
370.3 14.7 191.3 246.0 1 714.9
362.2 14.4 199.1 240.7 1 772.4
363.8 13.9 204.8 240.7 1 825.1
364.6 13.0 210.5 241.6 1 857.2
357.5 11.8 207.4 240.7 1 829.9
351.4 11.8 209.9 240.3 1 857.5
325.5 11.7 201.7 226.9 1 785.6
307.4 11.3 183.5 213.7 1 638.2
293.7 11.7 174.0 206.2 1 544.9
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
169.8 298.3 45.8 7.3 485.8 505.9
164.9 285.0 45.9 6.2 455.5 482.9
163.6 273.6 44.2 5.4 449.8 491.0
166.5 261.5 43.8 5.2 455.1 511.0
172.5 253.4 43.3 5.1 451.1 526.4
179.5 248.5 43.4 4.9 456.6 539.6
182.9 245.3 41.4 4.5 462.5 543.9
189.3 245.3 43.1 4.3 463.3 547.1
194.4 247.8 44.0 3.9 459.5 545.2
190.7 240.2 44.0 3.8 455.5 542.6
191.3 235.6 41.5 3.7 455.0 530.5
181.9 226.7 39.4 3.4 432.3 498.3
166.1 211.2 37.1 3.1 405.6 466.7
156.2 199.5 35.7 2.6 388.8 451.6
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
20.4 52.6 914.6 609.1 218.9
19.4 55.4 875.7 589.8 216.4
18.8 57.9 855.1 600.5 216.3
17.5 61.0 860.3 614.4 220.7
16.8 63.0 877.8 625.3 229.8
16.2 63.1 893.5 651.3 236.5
15.9 66.1 898.7 645.8 234.7
15.8 68.2 902.2 650.8 239.0
15.6 69.3 905.9 656.7 250.8
15.9 68.9 882.1 664.7 252.7
16.4 69.9 870.5 663.5 251.4
16.4 68.3 815.4 615.4 240.2
15.2 64.9 753.9 588.4 227.3
14.9 62.0 717.5 572.8 220.0
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
177.5 272.7 176.7 92.9 198.2
174.5 266.7 178.5 87.6 187.4
174.2 271.4 177.3 84.0 180.0
172.2 278.6 176.8 82.5 176.4
175.9 289.4 179.0 83.3 176.7
179.9 298.6 182.0 83.2 176.8
185.7 297.7 183.4 81.2 174.0
198.1 302.4 185.6 80.6 175.2
205.7 306.5 184.9 81.1 175.3
204.0 309.0 181.4 80.5 173.6
200.2 310.4 177.4 79.5 173.9
194.3 291.8 171.8 74.6 168.2
182.1 275.1 160.7 68.0 156.5
172.0 266.3 155.8 63.8 147.6
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................
485.7 837.6 341.4 229.0 389.3
452.1 793.0 339.2 230.4 370.6
436.6 796.3 342.5 235.9 363.7
424.8 805.7 351.0 239.1 362.4
418.4 848.4 361.2 244.3 363.4
417.3 873.0 374.7 241.1 374.4
415.9 866.0 380.9 230.6 372.9
417.4 873.4 391.1 228.4 373.9
417.9 889.9 396.9 233.8 375.8
405.2 898.1 395.4 232.9 371.8
407.9 896.7 396.5 222.5 361.8
388.6 819.6 378.5 200.8 342.2
348.8 760.0 355.8 187.9 322.7
326.2 727.2 344.3 178.3 312.8
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
19.5 97.7 24.2 98.5 529.5
19.1 97.2 24.6 92.1 498.3
20.0 97.9 26.1 89.6 474.0
20.4 100.5 29.2 91.3 462.9
20.7 105.6 32.7 94.2 455.9
21.2 109.9 35.7 97.1 448.6
21.9 111.3 38.0 98.8 437.4
22.2 112.7 39.5 101.5 435.4
22.1 114.4 40.5 103.6 429.3
22.5 113.4 41.0 101.2 422.4
22.5 114.3 42.7 102.5 421.5
21.4 110.8 44.0 97.4 401.2
20.0 106.0 42.9 85.0 367.5
18.9 102.1 43.7 80.1 351.7
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
38.0 983.1 823.9 15.8 1 064.6
37.6 909.9 784.7 16.3 1 023.1
37.2 869.7 795.7 17.0 994.4
39.1 836.4 813.1 18.1 980.5
41.7 815.7 817.3 19.7 1 003.6
42.5 810.3 821.2 20.0 1 037.4
42.6 796.8 807.6 20.5 1 030.1
42.7 797.1 799.9 22.1 1 027.8
42.5 791.8 796.2 22.5 1 030.6
41.2 772.8 776.5 22.8 1 027.6
41.7 750.8 757.9 23.9 1 021.0
40.9 708.2 704.0 24.0 953.0
38.4 652.2 643.5 23.7 885.0
36.3 614.6 604.3 23.4 844.2
Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
156.6 202.7 947.1 95.1 347.8
156.6 195.2 908.8 87.4 333.6
152.7 191.7 887.6 84.8 337.5
156.5 192.2 875.4 83.5 341.7
158.8 199.7 877.9 82.5 345.3
161.5 208.1 878.5 80.3 346.8
162.9 215.7 864.8 77.3 338.8
168.9 225.3 868.9 76.2 338.5
175.6 227.0 871.8 74.8 341.2
177.3 223.0 862.5 72.1 336.1
177.5 223.4 862.3 71.1 336.2
169.8 215.7 820.6 67.8 313.6
152.3 201.6 758.9 62.3 289.7
143.0 195.9 715.5 58.9 277.1
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
33.5 493.4 947.7 103.5 42.7
34.1 480.3 936.3 102.5 40.1
36.0 492.8 928.7 102.4 39.7
38.0 502.8 942.2 106.4 39.9
40.9 513.7 966.2 111.6 40.4
43.5 517.9 995.3 116.8 41.2
43.6 501.5 1 016.9 121.5 42.6
44.2 498.0 1 045.1 125.6 43.8
44.0 498.6 1 077.3 126.8 44.6
44.2 494.7 1 063.3 126.0 45.3
43.8 488.0 1 068.0 125.5 46.3
40.9 454.2 1 026.8 122.0 45.6
38.4 428.5 948.7 113.9 40.5
37.7 414.1 900.9 112.1 37.6
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ......................................
387.2 336.0 82.0 523.0 9.1
375.7 328.6 79.0 512.6 9.1
372.7 325.0 78.3 516.8 9.3
370.2 312.9 78.8 526.2 9.6
370.8 311.6 77.2 546.1 10.0
373.1 311.3 78.4 566.6 10.1
370.8 324.9 77.6 567.6 10.0
374.4 350.3 76.9 579.2 10.1
375.5 360.5 77.7 593.2 10.2
366.8 343.4 76.9 594.8 10.2
363.5 331.8 75.9 594.1 10.4
341.2 316.1 72.2 560.3 10.0
320.0 285.0 68.7 528.3 9.5
304.9 266.5 64.7 1506.4 9.3
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
158.7 2.2
153.9 2.4
154.5 2.5
155.4 2.8
155.6 2.7
159.0 2.3
157.6 2.2
154.7 2.1
147.6 2.2
144.1 2.2
142.7 2.2
129.4 2.1
118.1 2.1
116.3 2.0
1Non-economic
events.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
199
Table 2-31. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 (Thousands of people.) State
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
259.2 5.6 59.5 126.7 1 389.4
279.2 6.3 64.9 135.9 1 411.2
296.9 6.6 77.7 149.7 1 531.3
300.6 6.6 79.1 153.4 1 594.0
310.0 6.9 84.9 159.0 1 639.7
327.3 7.3 94.2 169.1 1 661.3
327.2 8.6 91.2 168.6 1 558.0
322.7 7.8 89.2 172.5 1 473.2
333.4 8.1 98.7 185.2 1 542.7
350.9 9.5 110.2 200.4 1 660.7
353.7 9.7 112.9 203.9 1 701.3
321.9 9.6 99.8 179.2 1 593.7
340.2 10.3 105.6 195.1 1 659.8
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
93.5 421.0 61.9 237.9 378.9
92.6 436.1 67.8 252.6 403.9
102.7 471.4 71.0 276.1 431.5
106.1 479.5 71.7 293.8 438.9
110.5 474.3 72.9 311.4 452.9
118.3 471.7 73.6 329.2 477.6
120.8 441.9 71.1 322.5 467.1
123.5 399.0 68.8 322.7 461.7
131.5 400.1 69.4 351.3 476.6
143.3 420.2 73.7 380.6 494.5
146.6 430.9 70.8 375.9 483.7
137.2 389.8 65.7 339.4 439.3
144.5 397.0 68.2 354.0 476.3
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
25.2 31.8 1 253.3 630.9 183.5
24.5 33.3 1 318.4 673.6 192.9
24.2 35.6 1 410.5 719.7 212.1
24.7 35.3 1 409.6 716.0 219.3
23.8 37.9 1 404.0 722.9 223.1
25.2 39.9 1 417.4 752.3 225.4
25.6 40.3 1 358.6 710.2 216.0
25.2 41.2 1 282.4 683.4 209.8
24.9 43.6 1 284.2 709.4 222.9
23.8 46.9 1 353.5 758.2 241.3
22.7 48.0 1 345.1 737.2 249.9
23.7 47.8 1 199.8 647.2 230.4
23.4 52.0 1 215.2 685.1 234.0
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
123.1 194.0 155.4 104.0 258.2
124.7 207.8 161.1 108.0 264.8
142.3 228.6 168.3 115.0 279.8
149.3 234.2 176.7 116.3 283.3
151.0 242.9 181.9 118.0 280.6
150.6 250.4 184.6 115.7 281.7
137.2 255.4 179.0 110.4 271.4
132.5 253.3 177.7 102.7 252.4
145.7 268.3 183.2 102.4 248.8
164.5 288.3 190.5 104.5 257.0
169.2 290.9 192.5 105.1 254.5
164.2 259.7 186.2 96.3 230.0
166.6 273.3 195.4 102.5 232.4
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
649.9 1 032.0 246.4 140.4 405.7
668.2 1 112.4 261.6 153.0 420.1
699.1 1 179.6 287.4 166.6 448.7
700.8 1 148.8 302.2 167.4 457.4
689.5 1 172.5 314.7 175.5 462.7
681.5 1 203.8 331.4 182.5 465.7
648.2 1 081.1 318.7 182.1 449.4
605.7 1 059.2 298.8 189.5 430.3
610.2 1 097.4 310.2 207.7 441.5
634.7 1 178.8 331.2 221.0 459.7
639.3 1 114.0 340.7 220.0 451.6
577.8 983.7 313.0 201.8 405.3
593.6 1 061.7 321.7 218.9 424.9
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
21.4 67.2 6.9 85.6 806.7
22.1 68.7 7.1 89.8 837.5
22.9 74.7 7.1 96.0 879.3
22.4 79.7 6.8 97.6 882.8
23.2 82.8 7.1 99.7 893.7
24.1 86.2 8.2 97.9 892.5
23.9 84.5 8.6 91.6 860.7
23.9 82.6 8.8 86.3 818.3
24.5 85.0 9.8 90.8 823.3
24.8 90.5 11.8 96.0 842.6
24.5 93.4 12.3 94.2 825.9
22.1 85.4 12.2 85.1 747.9
23.7 87.9 13.0 94.5 756.2
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
17.9 1 794.8 557.1 8.4 1 259.1
17.6 1 838.1 590.6 8.7 1 326.0
18.6 1 894.5 638.1 8.9 1 404.4
18.3 1 885.7 657.5 8.6 1 401.4
18.5 1 879.0 686.1 8.9 1 433.5
20.7 1 870.8 714.0 9.0 1 471.0
21.4 1 760.6 713.0 9.9 1 409.9
22.6 1 633.5 716.2 10.2 1 333.8
26.1 1 602.2 756.8 10.8 1 346.8
28.9 1 619.1 796.9 12.6 1 426.3
29.6 1 574.6 789.6 14.7 1 416.6
28.6 1 421.9 715.5 16.2 1 267.5
30.3 1 438.9 756.3 16.2 1 295.3
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
96.6 151.7 1 434.8 116.0 277.7
103.0 158.2 1 494.1 121.0 293.0
113.3 167.2 1 565.3 127.6 313.7
116.4 165.4 1 562.4 127.4 319.0
121.7 173.7 1 570.0 127.4 327.3
129.9 180.5 1 588.9 127.9 341.5
134.1 172.3 1 528.8 120.9 340.3
132.7 174.3 1 438.1 115.2 337.2
141.1 184.2 1 444.0 121.0 354.3
151.9 196.9 1 480.1 125.6 374.9
156.7 197.1 1 464.5 126.0 375.9
150.7 182.3 1 334.8 112.7 339.9
156.1 193.7 1 335.2 122.9 371.0
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
13.3 361.5 540.5 52.5 34.7
13.5 386.6 572.1 50.0 38.6
14.3 424.2 622.1 51.2 43.4
15.4 434.8 661.9 50.9 44.2
15.9 454.3 709.4 51.9 43.7
15.9 469.0 750.2 54.8 43.4
15.8 463.8 734.3 56.0 40.5
16.5 459.5 710.5 56.5 37.9
18.4 489.2 738.7 60.5 38.5
19.8 519.4 790.2 65.1 41.6
20.9 513.3 831.3 70.4 42.8
19.8 459.0 815.9 67.5 39.5
22.2 486.1 862.3 70.7 41.0
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
308.6 219.3 126.2 469.6 7.7
322.5 227.0 129.2 491.9 7.1
340.0 265.2 133.0 508.6 6.8
346.0 277.1 133.2 508.7 7.1
362.7 286.9 132.4 510.3 6.8
371.0 278.5 131.0 520.9 7.4
366.0 239.5 126.5 500.9 7.4
366.2 214.7 122.9 479.6 7.5
387.8 224.1 123.3 495.4 7.9
401.8 244.2 129.0 531.7 8.4
401.9 253.6 132.1 546.1 8.4
371.5 244.0 121.1 507.0 8.3
387.7 247.4 124.4 519.4 8.4
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 3.1
... 3.1
. . . = Not available.
200
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-31. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
259.2 5.6 59.5 126.7 1 389.4
279.2 6.3 64.9 135.9 1 411.2
296.9 6.6 77.7 149.7 1 531.3
300.6 6.6 79.1 153.4 1 594.0
310.0 6.9 84.9 159.0 1 639.7
327.3 7.3 94.2 169.1 1 661.3
327.2 8.6 91.2 168.6 1 558.0
322.7 7.8 89.2 172.5 1 473.2
333.4 8.1 98.7 185.2 1 542.7
350.9 9.5 110.2 200.4 1 660.7
353.7 9.7 112.9 203.9 1 701.3
321.9 9.6 99.8 179.2 1 593.7
340.2 10.3 105.6 195.1 1 659.8
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
93.5 421.0 61.9 237.9 378.9
92.6 436.1 67.8 252.6 403.9
102.7 471.4 71.0 276.1 431.5
106.1 479.5 71.7 293.8 438.9
110.5 474.3 72.9 311.4 452.9
118.3 471.7 73.6 329.2 477.6
120.8 441.9 71.1 322.5 467.1
123.5 399.0 68.8 322.7 461.7
131.5 400.1 69.4 351.3 476.6
143.3 420.2 73.7 380.6 494.5
146.6 430.9 70.8 375.9 483.7
137.2 389.8 65.7 339.4 439.3
144.5 397.0 68.2 354.0 476.3
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
25.2 31.8 1 253.3 630.9 183.5
24.5 33.3 1 318.4 673.6 192.9
24.2 35.6 1 410.5 719.7 212.1
24.7 35.3 1 409.6 716.0 219.3
23.8 37.9 1 404.0 722.9 223.1
25.2 39.9 1 417.4 752.3 225.4
25.6 40.3 1 358.6 710.2 216.0
25.2 41.2 1 282.4 683.4 209.8
24.9 43.6 1 284.2 709.4 222.9
23.8 46.9 1 353.5 758.2 241.3
22.7 48.0 1 345.1 737.2 249.9
23.7 47.8 1 199.8 647.2 230.4
23.4 52.0 1 215.2 685.1 234.0
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
123.1 194.0 155.4 104.0 258.2
124.7 207.8 161.1 108.0 264.8
142.3 228.6 168.3 115.0 279.8
149.3 234.2 176.7 116.3 283.3
151.0 242.9 181.9 118.0 280.6
150.6 250.4 184.6 115.7 281.7
137.2 255.4 179.0 110.4 271.4
132.5 253.3 177.7 102.7 252.4
145.7 268.3 183.2 102.4 248.8
164.5 288.3 190.5 104.5 257.0
169.2 290.9 192.5 105.1 254.5
164.2 259.7 186.2 96.3 230.0
166.6 273.3 195.4 102.5 232.4
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
649.9 1 032.0 246.4 140.4 405.7
668.2 1 112.4 261.6 153.0 420.1
699.1 1 179.6 287.4 166.6 448.7
700.8 1 148.8 302.2 167.4 457.4
689.5 1 172.5 314.7 175.5 462.7
681.5 1 203.8 331.4 182.5 465.7
648.2 1 081.1 318.7 182.1 449.4
605.7 1 059.2 298.8 189.5 430.3
610.2 1 097.4 310.2 207.7 441.5
634.7 1 178.8 331.2 221.0 459.7
639.3 1 114.0 340.7 220.0 451.6
577.8 983.7 313.0 201.8 405.3
593.6 1 061.7 321.7 218.9 424.9
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
21.4 67.2 6.9 85.6 806.7
22.1 68.7 7.1 89.8 837.5
22.9 74.7 7.1 96.0 879.3
22.4 79.7 6.8 97.6 882.8
23.2 82.8 7.1 99.7 893.7
24.1 86.2 8.2 97.9 892.5
23.9 84.5 8.6 91.6 860.7
23.9 82.6 8.8 86.3 818.3
24.5 85.0 9.8 90.8 823.3
24.8 90.5 11.8 96.0 842.6
24.5 93.4 12.3 94.2 825.9
22.1 85.4 12.2 85.1 747.9
23.7 87.9 13.0 94.5 756.2
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
17.9 1 794.8 557.1 8.4 1 259.1
17.6 1 838.1 590.6 8.7 1 326.0
18.6 1 894.5 638.1 8.9 1 404.4
18.3 1 885.7 657.5 8.6 1 401.4
18.5 1 879.0 686.1 8.9 1 433.5
20.7 1 870.8 714.0 9.0 1 471.0
21.4 1 760.6 713.0 9.9 1 409.9
22.6 1 633.5 716.2 10.2 1 333.8
26.1 1 602.2 756.8 10.8 1 346.8
28.9 1 619.1 796.9 12.6 1 426.3
29.6 1 574.6 789.6 14.7 1 416.6
28.6 1 421.9 715.5 16.2 1 267.5
30.3 1 438.9 756.3 16.2 1 295.3
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
96.6 151.7 1 434.8 116.0 277.7
103.0 158.2 1 494.1 121.0 293.0
113.3 167.2 1 565.3 127.6 313.7
116.4 165.4 1 562.4 127.4 319.0
121.7 173.7 1 570.0 127.4 327.3
129.9 180.5 1 588.9 127.9 341.5
134.1 172.3 1 528.8 120.9 340.3
132.7 174.3 1 438.1 115.2 337.2
141.1 184.2 1 444.0 121.0 354.3
151.9 196.9 1 480.1 125.6 374.9
156.7 197.1 1 464.5 126.0 375.9
150.7 182.3 1 334.8 112.7 339.9
156.1 193.7 1 335.2 122.9 371.0
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
13.3 361.5 540.5 52.5 34.7
13.5 386.6 572.1 50.0 38.6
14.3 424.2 622.1 51.2 43.4
15.4 434.8 661.9 50.9 44.2
15.9 454.3 709.4 51.9 43.7
15.9 469.0 750.2 54.8 43.4
15.8 463.8 734.3 56.0 40.5
16.5 459.5 710.5 56.5 37.9
18.4 489.2 738.7 60.5 38.5
19.8 519.4 790.2 65.1 41.6
20.9 513.3 831.3 70.4 42.8
19.8 459.0 815.9 67.5 39.5
22.2 486.1 862.3 70.7 41.0
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
308.6 219.3 126.2 469.6 7.7
322.5 227.0 129.2 491.9 7.1
340.0 265.2 133.0 508.6 6.8
346.0 277.1 133.2 508.7 7.1
362.7 286.9 132.4 510.3 6.8
371.0 278.5 131.0 520.9 7.4
366.0 239.5 126.5 500.9 7.4
366.2 214.7 122.9 479.6 7.5
387.8 224.1 123.3 495.4 7.9
401.8 244.2 129.0 531.7 8.4
401.9 253.6 132.1 546.1 8.4
371.5 244.0 121.1 507.0 8.3
387.7 247.4 124.4 519.4 8.4
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
0.0 ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 3.1
... 3.1
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
201
Table 2-32. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2003 (Thousands of people.) State
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
326.7 71.0 258.9 159.2 2 074.8
332.6 71.6 271.1 163.2 2 090.6
337.9 73.3 276.7 167.1 2 095.6
340.7 74.6 286.6 169.7 2 080.6
346.0 73.8 294.3 172.9 2 093.2
343.2 72.7 310.4 177.1 2 107.0
342.9 73.0 317.8 180.2 2 113.3
346.2 73.2 328.2 183.3 2 140.7
347.1 73.6 341.4 185.1 2 166.1
350.8 73.6 354.1 187.4 2 239.3
351.7 74.4 366.6 190.7 2 318.1
352.0 78.9 377.8 193.7 2 382.0
354.6 80.6 390.4 195.4 2 447.1
358.8 81.6 393.7 197.8 2 426.5
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
276.8 210.3 47.9 277.3 846.6 531.9
283.3 207.6 48.0 281.2 859.3 536.6
291.0 207.3 48.6 285.8 870.1 537.1
296.7 210.7 49.6 285.2 881.6 548.1
299.3 217.2 50.3 270.4 910.5 564.0
303.7 220.8 50.7 254.8 918.3 570.3
308.7 222.8 52.4 240.4 928.3 569.5
315.6 225.7 53.1 233.1 942.1 577.3
322.3 227.7 54.3 225.8 954.8 586.0
328.4 235.1 55.1 222.4 965.6 589.6
337.0 241.8 56.6 223.9 1 001.7 597.2
344.1 244.4 56.9 226.1 1 023.4 610.3
355.4 249.3 57.1 231.7 1 039.2 624.8
356.8 246.4 57.4 231.2 1 055.5 632.5
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
105.6 81.3 765.9 378.5 218.9
108.9 84.3 770.5 379.9 220.6
111.1 88.1 773.8 387.5 221.0
111.5 90.4 774.4 391.3 222.4
111.8 92.9 786.0 390.6 226.9
111.4 95.7 798.6 391.6 230.2
110.5 97.0 809.3 391.0 232.8
111.7 100.0 808.3 391.9 234.6
112.1 102.6 816.0 399.1 236.1
112.7 105.2 825.5 402.6 239.4
114.6 108.8 839.6 410.3 243.3
114.5 110.1 850.4 410.0 245.2
117.9 112.0 861.0 417.0 244.0
119.2 112.8 855.9 422.7 244.8
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
214.4 260.2 326.1 95.7 419.3
218.9 267.3 332.3 95.8 416.3
225.7 273.2 339.5 95.7 414.7
229.5 276.5 341.9 95.3 417.3
233.3 280.5 351.4 94.1 420.1
236.7 286.8 358.3 93.2 421.7
233.5 288.8 361.8 92.8 420.6
235.5 290.8 364.1 92.9 420.7
239.8 294.6 367.2 94.6 431.8
239.6 301.1 370.3 96.6 438.9
244.9 305.1 373.4 99.5 444.9
248.1 310.7 373.7 102.0 452.3
250.8 314.8 374.9 103.1 461.0
250.1 311.6 379.6 103.5 462.9
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................
402.1 633.9 337.7 203.3 369.7
389.9 635.8 341.8 203.9 370.6
382.5 639.0 346.1 207.8 370.6
387.4 639.4 352.0 210.1 376.8
389.9 639.0 359.5 213.7 384.9
395.0 640.9 377.8 214.6 389.9
399.9 643.8 379.5 216.8 400.7
404.5 647.4 379.6 219.0 412.8
411.5 656.0 381.2 223.4 414.1
417.4 667.6 387.4 227.0 421.3
424.5 681.6 398.4 233.8 426.2
430.1 686.3 400.1 237.5 424.7
426.5 686.6 404.8 240.1 427.0
416.6 681.4 402.4 243.5 427.5
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
71.3 143.4 75.6 72.6 576.7
71.8 145.6 81.2 72.4 571.5
74.2 147.6 86.0 73.1 571.8
74.1 149.0 88.5 74.3 570.6
76.3 151.6 92.2 76.1 573.3
76.9 150.8 96.5 76.2 573.3
77.0 151.4 101.1 77.9 570.6
77.4 152.2 106.5 78.8 570.2
78.5 150.9 111.7 79.7 571.6
78.8 151.4 117.4 81.5 577.5
80.3 154.4 121.7 83.5 588.8
84.1 156.8 126.8 85.8 602.6
84.9 158.9 130.8 88.3 613.5
85.6 160.0 134.9 89.8 624.3
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
149.7 1 473.4 491.9 65.4 722.2
152.2 1 445.1 501.7 65.6 727.9
156.0 1 428.0 502.4 66.7 735.0
159.1 1 433.3 527.0 67.1 735.5
163.0 1 436.0 538.6 67.2 741.0
166.4 1 416.5 550.5 71.1 748.7
171.4 1 400.6 561.3 70.8 752.2
176.9 1 406.9 576.3 70.7 757.8
178.4 1 424.0 593.6 71.0 763.4
180.2 1 445.3 604.2 71.8 772.1
183.0 1 467.7 622.2 73.0 785.0
185.5 1 467.8 636.0 73.4 794.0
190.9 1 492.6 641.5 74.2 800.2
195.3 1 485.8 644.6 75.5 801.5
Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
261.8 223.5 699.0 62.4 282.1
264.9 226.4 694.6 60.9 285.6
270.1 231.0 692.6 61.2 291.9
269.7 232.6 701.7 61.4 295.7
270.1 234.7 706.3 61.6 295.3
269.6 240.2 711.9 61.2 294.2
271.4 246.6 712.5 61.3 294.6
276.2 249.5 714.6 63.2 298.8
278.2 255.3 711.5 62.9 309.4
282.6 261.3 715.6 63.3 315.3
287.7 267.3 725.1 64.3 322.8
296.4 270.0 728.3 65.2 322.8
300.9 272.9 738.9 66.1 325.5
291.9 268.0 743.2 66.5 329.0
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
62.7 351.4 1 263.4 150.5 43.5
63.4 353.1 1 287.5 153.9 43.8
65.4 356.8 1 334.4 156.8 43.7
66.6 361.9 1 376.0 159.4 44.0
67.1 370.7 1 413.7 161.4 44.7
71.0 373.1 1 445.7 163.5 45.1
70.4 381.6 1 457.7 166.8 45.4
70.5 380.3 1 483.3 172.3 45.7
71.0 385.5 1 504.2 176.7 46.2
71.9 390.1 1 534.8 179.5 47.6
70.3 399.0 1 561.9 185.4 49.4
73.1 403.2 1 586.2 190.1 50.2
74.0 410.3 1 626.0 195.0 50.8
74.4 412.1 1 647.9 197.1 51.9
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ......................................
578.3 397.5 127.4 342.9 55.2
580.5 411.5 127.7 346.4 55.7
589.3 423.6 132.3 356.9 56.8
597.8 430.0 132.8 361.5 57.2
603.1 437.2 136.5 367.1 58.1
597.5 444.4 136.4 378.7 57.7
596.2 450.5 138.7 383.5 58.1
596.6 457.9 139.1 386.7 58.0
602.0 465.9 140.8 393.2 58.4
611.2 474.2 140.9 398.9 59.4
624.7 483.3 143.1 405.6 60.7
629.2 505.4 141.0 413.7 61.5
634.9 516.1 142.8 414.8 62.7
638.6 521.4 142.3 411.8 63.5
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
294.6 13.5
290.6 13.4
295.8 13.8
290.0 13.9
300.1 13.8
304.6 13.6
316.5 14.0
310.1 13.7
307.5 13.7
291.3 13.4
286.2 13.0
282.4 12.3
295.4 12.6
302.7 12.6
202
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-33. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 (Thousands of people.) State
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
173.3 28.1 85.3 76.5 1 043.5
179.1 29.7 92.2 84.9 1 105.4
191.6 30.8 98.9 91.6 1 196.7
197.7 31.8 104.7 93.4 1 274.3
201.4 32.2 110.0 97.0 1 335.8
204.7 33.3 113.4 100.9 1 391.7
209.5 35.6 119.5 102.7 1 424.7
213.6 37.9 129.5 104.9 1 446.3
220.9 40.5 139.2 108.5 1 492.7
225.7 41.5 147.6 110.1 1 524.8
235.1 43.8 161.0 115.6 1 586.0
247.5 47.7 169.7 120.9 1 670.6
252.9 48.2 177.3 125.3 1 695.6
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
132.0 109.0 23.9 278.7 210.8
137.7 115.9 25.0 301.2 222.8
148.2 122.5 26.3 326.2 243.9
157.7 131.5 27.9 342.3 263.0
162.4 140.0 29.3 361.8 275.3
166.9 150.9 31.9 377.9 286.1
177.2 157.9 35.0 397.8 297.5
184.7 160.9 36.8 419.1 309.6
190.8 165.2 39.0 437.9 320.9
197.2 167.7 39.2 469.9 328.2
204.0 171.0 39.1 510.5 340.5
216.6 178.7 40.3 546.0 354.8
219.5 175.1 40.6 542.8 366.1
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
47.2 38.1 475.0 219.2 133.1
50.5 39.6 502.4 232.2 138.8
54.9 41.9 536.5 254.1 148.8
58.3 44.3 572.0 271.4 157.1
60.9 45.2 593.4 285.3 163.8
62.5 46.8 615.6 280.9 171.7
64.3 49.1 638.9 286.4 176.0
68.4 51.3 648.6 296.3 178.3
69.3 54.5 654.3 301.4 180.2
68.0 56.2 666.5 303.8 182.8
68.7 59.7 680.9 308.0 186.7
70.8 62.3 714.5 323.3 192.0
72.6 64.5 717.2 332.5 197.0
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
126.2 128.4 163.4 52.9 174.1
130.2 135.2 171.7 54.3 183.8
137.0 145.2 185.4 57.4 201.9
143.2 155.5 197.4 59.5 218.2
146.0 163.3 201.8 61.6 232.3
149.6 166.1 208.2 64.3 243.2
153.3 172.1 213.2 66.4 301.0
155.1 180.5 216.0 68.7 314.9
162.8 188.5 227.9 69.4 327.0
166.5 194.3 233.2 70.7 338.1
164.0 198.5 241.6 72.9 349.1
168.7 208.3 248.7 74.8 366.1
171.6 213.0 253.0 75.2 372.1
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
272.7 373.3 179.3 99.5 210.6
278.5 395.4 189.9 105.2 225.4
286.2 433.0 201.6 114.3 244.7
297.1 455.0 214.1 120.6 260.3
302.5 471.3 215.4 125.1 269.1
310.7 494.5 224.1 128.0 276.1
319.9 506.6 234.9 131.2 284.1
330.6 509.4 239.7 133.7 292.9
343.1 526.8 246.2 139.4 297.5
351.6 534.4 256.6 145.0 306.9
354.3 562.5 263.8 150.4 312.9
365.1 583.1 271.5 153.5 316.0
375.8 594.5 276.0 156.2 316.5
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
44.7 89.1 26.4 29.0 280.0
45.9 92.5 28.6 30.1 295.4
48.1 93.3 30.3 31.4 312.0
51.8 97.6 32.3 33.4 329.2
53.3 97.4 34.1 34.4 344.4
52.1 100.9 35.8 35.5 360.1
52.6 104.7 36.9 37.3 374.8
54.3 109.1 38.1 38.8 388.0
55.4 114.3 39.7 41.2 405.3
55.4 116.9 41.4 43.4 417.1
58.2 121.4 43.0 45.6 439.9
64.9 124.7 45.6 48.0 470.2
65.7 124.3 46.8 49.9 480.5
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
71.8 924.1 192.7 38.8 440.3
75.4 958.6 201.6 40.3 458.6
81.0 1 012.4 217.4 42.1 483.0
83.4 1 073.1 231.6 44.4 509.5
85.0 1 123.8 244.4 47.2 528.3
86.3 1 176.0 254.3 48.4 544.8
89.2 1 218.1 264.2 49.3 565.5
92.3 1 239.8 268.4 49.3 577.2
96.0 1 243.9 275.3 51.3 589.1
99.5 1 268.6 281.8 52.2 597.8
102.5 1 301.9 303.2 53.3 613.1
104.8 1 328.7 328.3 54.5 626.4
108.0 1 273.6 347.9 56.2 632.2
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
136.9 111.3 488.6 43.4 106.8
145.8 118.2 508.4 46.1 111.1
158.8 125.3 536.1 48.7 121.0
168.2 132.4 567.2 51.2 128.4
171.9 136.1 588.1 52.3 134.0
175.5 140.8 609.4 52.8 140.8
176.7 146.7 618.7 53.6 149.9
179.0 152.0 629.2 55.9 156.7
184.9 157.5 651.9 56.8 165.6
192.2 160.3 658.7 55.5 170.7
199.0 168.5 682.0 55.1 182.2
206.3 177.1 721.4 56.6 199.8
207.0 181.6 722.1 57.0 203.3
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
44.4 173.3 500.0 73.7 19.5
46.6 185.1 525.6 79.4 20.3
48.2 195.3 567.1 90.7 21.2
49.3 201.8 607.1 98.0 22.3
50.3 208.2 630.1 98.8 23.4
53.0 214.2 651.4 99.6 24.4
53.1 225.9 662.3 100.1 26.2
52.6 231.9 684.2 103.2 27.2
53.7 240.6 714.8 105.5 28.2
53.8 246.2 745.3 105.7 28.7
54.9 256.4 776.0 108.2 29.3
55.7 271.3 815.8 110.3 30.5
55.9 283.1 847.0 112.2 30.9
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
221.2 184.6 75.3 190.4 24.6
232.2 193.1 81.7 201.0 25.6
251.2 206.2 88.5 215.2 26.9
270.5 218.5 92.1 230.3 28.4
283.6 230.1 94.9 244.6 28.1
292.4 237.4 95.0 255.3 28.1
355.1 244.5 95.9 265.5 28.4
371.9 252.4 98.0 270.2 29.4
380.0 258.7 99.4 275.8 30.5
391.2 259.0 104.2 276.3 31.3
405.9 269.3 106.4 276.9 32.4
422.8 280.5 108.1 285.4 34.5
436.6 284.8 109.6 288.6 36.1
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 11.7
... 11.3
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
203
Table 2-33. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
266.3 50.1 181.9 128.6 1 740.7
285.9 51.6 194.8 135.9 1 753.1
291.6 54.4 196.2 139.1 1 735.0
297.4 55.0 201.8 141.1 1 763.9
291.3 57.1 199.5 138.1 1 756.4
290.1 59.6 199.9 136.0 1 735.2
292.7 63.0 203.1 137.3 1 724.3
293.4 66.5 207.5 139.5 1 747.4
295.9 68.3 218.1 143.0 1 792.8
298.0 68.0 225.0 145.1 1 838.8
300.6 65.8 232.0 146.1 1 883.7
309.5 66.5 237.2 150.0 1 934.1
317.9 68.7 246.4 154.2 1 998.7
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
221.1 175.6 41.4 565.7 384.0
234.0 179.2 42.8 601.8 407.9
238.8 181.3 44.4 600.5 418.7
243.6 45.2 618.8 429.2
241.7 182.4 44.5 620.1 431.1
238.6 179.6 43.8 632.5 434.0
240.7 181.9 43.4 639.3 437.6
244.4 185.2 43.7 649.5 442.0
248.9 188.8 44.8 674.4 448.7
256.0 195.3 46.1 701.9 462.2
262.2 201.2 46.6 731.8 476.6
266.7 206.3 47.5 773.0 494.1
271.4 207.7 47.1 800.1 512.2
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
73.0 67.3 717.8 342.0 202.5
73.8 69.8 728.0 349.1 208.2
73.4 69.6 739.8 347.6 204.5
75.5 70.5 749.4 346.6 207.4
75.4 69.2 734.5 339.7 203.1
76.5 67.8 717.9 328.7 202.0
77.4 67.8 701.6 327.0 203.4
77.8 68.9 687.9 328.1 204.5
79.0 70.2 697.8 332.9 206.8
79.2 70.9 714.8 339.7 207.3
80.8 73.3 724.5 347.2 210.2
83.5 76.0 738.8 354.5 212.1
85.0 77.9 744.4 366.6 216.7
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
176.9 212.0 257.4 77.7 378.1
180.0 220.3 280.3 81.5 401.9
183.3 230.4 289.7 82.6 418.7
187.4 230.9 300.8 83.3 434.8
185.9 224.3 303.8 82.6 415.9
183.8 218.9 307.3 82.1 393.2
182.9 216.6 315.0 83.1 379.6
185.2 223.0 318.6 83.9 387.9
188.7 230.0 322.4 84.9 393.6
194.1 236.0 319.3 86.7 391.6
199.0 240.2 313.1 88.4 392.9
204.4 246.1 312.6 91.6 399.1
209.1 253.3 315.7 94.1 411.3
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
407.9 596.7 286.3 163.9 321.5
429.2 611.4 292.8 181.8 335.6
416.7 621.0 295.6 192.2 338.5
412.3 627.8 300.6 194.5 339.2
394.6 598.4 299.0 185.9 326.6
374.7 577.8 289.6 180.0 328.2
375.4 569.8 286.6 181.1 323.2
375.4 567.2 293.7 183.2 321.8
385.3 580.7 301.2 188.5 334.1
393.0 598.6 307.9 189.5 338.5
401.2 611.6 313.8 191.1 344.0
411.3 623.5 320.8 196.0 351.8
408.8 623.2 328.7 199.8 359.3
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
70.0 129.2 49.2 153.8 504.0
71.7 130.3 52.2 54.3 523.0
70.1 130.6 54.7 155.1 517.8
70.2 130.8 57.0 57.3 529.7
69.3 129.7 57.1 56.7 529.0
67.4 129.3 58.2 55.9 528.6
68.4 130.2 58.0 56.1 525.9
68.7 131.1 58.9 57.5 526.6
69.9 133.8 60.5 60.0 536.0
70.2 134.9 61.6 62.0 540.8
69.4 135.3 64.1 65.4 547.1
70.7 137.8 67.0 68.7 556.2
70.3 139.7 70.8 71.2 564.2
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
111.0 1 270.8 367.6 57.5 642.3
116.6 1 315.1 386.4 60.0 667.5
120.5 1 311.3 397.2 60.6 674.0
125.0 1 314.4 409.9 60.9 689.9
125.8 1 300.3 403.7 60.5 676.0
125.6 1 293.7 400.3 60.3 659.6
127.2 1 299.6 407.1 61.3 656.1
129.7 1 318.2 413.7 62.2 655.2
132.8 1 353.6 420.5 63.6 665.2
135.9 1 382.3 430.9 64.4 678.9
137.6 1 402.1 442.3 64.6 687.3
141.6 1 433.2 458.7 64.8 693.8
144.9 1 447.6 477.2 65.6 706.4
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
212.4 186.8 710.9 58.2 213.7
218.4 197.1 720.7 59.8 223.8
224.0 200.7 720.7 59.3 228.8
228.5 203.2 723.3 59.2 236.4
235.7 202.6 703.4 58.5 233.0
237.2 195.5 682.5 57.8 228.1
245.2 192.3 673.7 56.9 230.3
241.4 194.1 672.9 57.4 237.3
245.7 197.7 680.2 57.7 244.8
246.8 200.2 679.8 58.0 251.4
245.4 205.6 688.7 58.2 258.0
248.5 211.2 694.6 58.9 261.5
257.2 215.6 697.9 59.1 273.1
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
56.6 291.2 875.5 115.8 134.3
58.1 305.6 923.7 121.0 35.1
58.3 313.9 953.2 123.2 35.8
58.6 317.2 978.1 125.0 37.0
57.8 311.7 1 000.8 125.1 36.2
56.6 297.5 1 023.6 126.4 36.0
56.9 294.1 1 042.0 128.8 36.3
57.2 296.1 1 063.5 131.5 36.5
57.9 304.2 1 088.9 137.8 37.4
58.8 312.4 1 118.8 141.2 38.2
58.9 321.2 1 142.7 141.5 39.0
60.1 328.4 1 175.5 142.7 40.9
61.6 344.3 1 206.6 146.3 42.0
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
453.6 294.9 111.0 287.1 38.0
482.7 308.0 120.3 298.2 39.1
493.5 315.5 130.1 310.1 40.8
511.2 330.8 133.1 321.1 43.0
506.6 326.4 130.2 318.0 44.5
500.1 318.5 126.8 314.1 46.0
500.9 127.8 312.5 48.9
505.0 334.5 130.7 314.7 50.9
515.6 342.8 127.5 320.6 52.2
519.9 348.9 128.9 325.6 53.1
530.3 357.2 128.2 325.0 50.5
544.4 368.8 129.3 327.8 154.1
562.6 379.9 125.9 335.0 54.3
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
... 11.9
... 12.8
246.0 13.5
254.4 13.4
244.6 13.9
236.7 13.5
240.1 14.0
253.2 13.8
255.4 13.5
267.7 13.1
281.2 12.8
298.5 13.2
298.1 13.6
1Data
not continuous. . . . = Not available.
1185.2
1324.0
204
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-34. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2003 (Hours.) State
2001
2002
2003
Alabama .............................................................................. Alaska .................................................................................. Arizona ................................................................................ Arkansas .............................................................................. California .............................................................................
41.0 43.1 40.3 39.9 39.6
41.4 37.4 40.0 39.7 39.6
41.0 42.8 40.4 39.6 39.7
Colorado .............................................................................. Connecticut .......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................. District of Columbia ............................................................. Florida .................................................................................. Georgia ................................................................................
40.7 41.7 39.7 ... 40.6 40.4
40.6 41.6 40.0 ... 42.1 40.9
40.4 41.4 40.3 ... 41.0 39.8
Hawaii .................................................................................. Idaho .................................................................................... Illinois ................................................................................... Indiana ................................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................................
36.0 39.1 41.0 41.0 40.9
35.6 39.6 41.4 42.4 41.3
37.2 41.3 40.6 42.1 41.7
Kansas ................................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................. Maine ................................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................................
40.7 41.5 43.1 39.8 39.0
40.8 42.2 43.9 39.9 40.0
40.4 41.7 44.1 40.0 39.5
Massachusetts ..................................................................... Michigan .............................................................................. Minnesota ............................................................................ Mississippi ........................................................................... Missouri ...............................................................................
40.3 41.9 39.6 39.7 40.3
40.8 42.7 39.7 40.6 39.3
40.6 42.1 40.2 39.9 40.5
Montana ............................................................................... Nebraska ............................................................................. Nevada ................................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................................
38.8 41.2 38.7 40.6 40.6
38.2 41.9 38.8 39.8 40.9
38.4 41.6 39.0 40.0 41.0
New Mexico ......................................................................... New York ............................................................................. North Carolina ..................................................................... North Dakota ....................................................................... Ohio .....................................................................................
39.0 39.8 39.4 40.9 41.2
39.9 40.3 40.2 40.2 41.4
39.4 40.0 39.8 40.0 41.0
Oklahoma ............................................................................ Oregon ................................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................................... Rhode Island ....................................................................... South Carolina .....................................................................
39.4 39.1 40.4 39.4 41.2
39.2 39.1 40.3 38.7 42.1
39.3 39.3 40.0 39.3 41.3
South Dakota ....................................................................... Tennessee ........................................................................... Texas ................................................................................... Utah ..................................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................................
41.7 38.9 41.6 38.4 39.6
42.3 40.1 41.1 37.8 40.0
42.6 39.8 41.4 39.7 40.0
Virginia ................................................................................. Washington .......................................................................... West Virginia ....................................................................... Wisconsin ............................................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................................
40.1 40.0 41.1 40.2 38.6
40.8 40.1 41.4 40.5 39.3
40.8 39.5 41.3 40.3 40.2
Puerto Rico .......................................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................................
39.9 43.9
40.6 43.7
41.0 42.8
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
205
Table 2-35. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 (Thousands of people.) State
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
41.0 36.6 39.8 39.9 40.3
40.5 40.5 39.2 39.2 39.7
39.5 36.6 39.0 38.8 39.4
40.6 40.5 39.5 39.6 39.7
40.5 43.3 40.1 39.7 40.1
40.6 42.4 40.3 39.3 40.1
40.7 43.9 40.6 39.6 39.9
40.1 42.7 40.1 39.3 39.5
39.9 40.0 39.6 39.4 39.6
38.5 38.6 38.9 38.6 39.2
40.7 36.2 40.5 40.1 40.0
41.0 39.3 40.8 40.5 40.3
40.8 40.7 40.9 40.2 40.2
41.1 41.1 41.0 40.4 40.3
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
... 42.1 40.3 41.0 40.5
... 41.4 39.4 40.2 39.8
... 40.5 39.3 40.0 39.5
... 40.8 40.0 40.4 40.1
39.4 41.5 39.6 40.7 40.5
39.3 42.0 40.0 40.9 40.1
39.5 42.0 39.5 40.5 40.4
39.8 41.8 40.5 40.8 40.2
39.8 41.6 40.3 40.6 40.1
39.2 40.5 39.2 39.9 38.6
39.9 41.3 40.6 40.7 41.1
40.9 42.5 41.5 41.2 41.0
40.2 41.9 41.1 41.3 40.6
39.9 41.8 41.3 40.8 40.9
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
39.9 38.8 41.2 0.0 ...
39.4 39.0 40.4 0.0 ...
39.1 38.8 39.7 ... ...
39.0 38.7 40.4 ... 39.9
38.0 39.3 40.6 ... 40.1
38.6 38.8 40.1 ... 40.1
38.3 38.3 40.7 ... 40.5
37.8 37.1 39.8 ... 39.6
38.5 37.8 40.0 ... 39.5
37.9 36.7 39.2 ... 38.7
38.6 37.4 40.6 ... 39.8
38.1 37.6 40.6 ... 40.2
37.4 37.8 40.6 ... 40.2
38.9 38.2 40.9 ... 40.6
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
... 40.3 41.4 40.8 40.5
... 39.6 40.1 40.3 39.9
... 38.7 42.8 39.9 39.1
... 39.4 41.3 39.9 39.6
... 39.5 41.8 39.8 39.9
... 39.6 41.6 40.2 39.9
40.7 39.4 41.3 40.1 40.0
40.4 39.1 41.2 40.0 39.6
40.4 39.3 42.2 40.4 39.9
39.2 38.4 41.0 40.0 39.2
39.1 39.2 40.0 39.9 40.0
40.1 39.2 41.6 39.9 41.0
39.5 38.9 41.7 40.0 40.3
40.3 39.2 41.8 40.6 40.5
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
40.5 ... 41.0 40.3 39.8
39.9 ... 39.9 39.3 39.3
39.1 ... 39.2 39.3 39.0
39.7 42.7 39.8 40.0 39.8
39.9 43.3 40.0 40.1 40.2
40.2 43.0 40.2 39.9 40.0
40.1 41.2 40.0 39.6 39.5
39.6 40.1 39.4 39.3 39.2
40.0 40.5 39.4 39.3 39.2
39.2 40.2 39.1 38.1 38.6
39.9 42.5 39.7 40.1 39.9
40.1 43.2 40.3 40.6 40.5
40.7 43.1 40.3 40.6 40.2
41.3 42.6 40.6 40.2 40.5
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
39.3 41.8 40.0 39.8 41.4
38.8 41.2 38.8 39.3 40.7
38.0 40.5 38.2 39.1 39.9
39.8 41.1 38.9 39.6 40.4
41.8 40.8 38.8 40.0 41.1
42.7 41.1 38.5 40.3 40.8
42.9 41.3 38.5 40.1 41.2
43.2 40.6 38.2 39.8 40.7
41.0 40.3 38.6 39.9 40.6
39.3 39.9 37.3 39.6 39.9
39.7 40.3 38.8 40.5 40.6
39.2 40.5 39.8 41.0 41.1
39.1 40.3 40.4 40.7 40.8
39.4 40.4 40.2 41.2 41.2
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
39.4 39.9 40.1 40.4 42.3
38.4 39.4 39.1 40.2 41.2
39.0 38.9 38.4 39.9 40.3
39.5 39.4 39.4 39.1 41.4
38.8 39.6 39.6 38.6 42.0
39.2 39.8 39.8 39.7 42.1
39.5 39.6 39.6 39.1 41.5
39.8 39.4 39.3 37.5 40.6
39.5 39.4 39.1 38.1 40.9
39.2 38.8 37.3 37.6 40.1
39.7 39.3 40.0 38.0 41.4
39.9 39.8 39.9 38.4 42.3
39.8 39.8 39.6 38.6 42.0
39.5 39.9 40.7 38.2 42.1
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
40.6 39.3 40.2 39.3 40.5
40.5 38.8 39.6 39.2 39.8
40.0 38.4 38.8 38.9 39.4
40.3 38.9 39.2 139.5 40.4
40.4 38.6 39.5 39.1 40.6
40.2 39.0 40.0 38.9 40.8
40.5 38.5 39.9 39.1 40.8
40.1 38.1 38.8 39.3 40.3
40.1 37.5 39.2 39.3 40.4
39.5 37.9 38.4 38.6 38.2
40.5 38.9 39.2 39.0 40.6
41.6 39.2 40.2 40.9 40.8
41.3 38.7 39.9 40.2 40.4
41.3 39.0 40.2 40.4 41.1
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
42.6 40.4 ... 38.8 41.5
41.7 39.9 ... 38.7 41.1
40.7 39.8 ... 38.1 40.4
39.9 40.3 40.9 39.2 41.0
39.3 40.2 41.1 40.0 40.8
41.7 39.6 41.3 39.5 41.0
41.9 39.7 41.1 39.0 40.8
40.9 39.7 41.2 39.1 40.6
41.6 39.9 41.3 39.7 40.0
41.1 38.6 40.0 38.5 39.0
41.6 40.5 40.9 39.4 40.0
42.1 40.9 41.7 39.9 40.6
41.8 41.0 41.2 40.1 40.7
42.1 41.2 41.4 40.0 40.7
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
40.6 39.2 40.0 41.4 38.6
39.8 38.9 39.6 41.1 38.0
39.2 38.7 39.0 40.4 38.6
39.9 39.1 39.2 40.6 40.2
39.9 39.2 39.5 40.6 39.8
39.8 39.3 39.6 41.0 38.6
39.7 38.6 39.6 40.9 37.6
39.3 38.4 39.2 40.2 38.9
39.7 38.8 39.4 40.1 40.0
38.4 38.5 38.8 39.6 38.2
39.7 38.9 39.6 40.7 36.9
40.3 38.8 40.3 41.1 39.5
40.1 39.0 39.9 41.1 40.9
40.4 39.4 40.3 41.3 39.0
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 40.9
... 40.9
38.0 41.1
38.2 42.3
37.5 42.3
38.7 41.4
38.7 42.7
38.5 41.7
39.0 41.9
1Data
not continuous. . . . = Not available.
206
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-35. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Series, 1973–2000—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
41.4 42.7 40.6 41.0 40.3
41.4 42.1 41.1 40.9 40.7
41.2 44.4 41.2 40.8 40.7
41.0 44.9 40.7 41.0 40.6
40.8 46.4 40.7 41.2 40.6
41.2 45.5 40.8 41.4 40.6
41.2 45.0 40.7 41.4 40.9
41.9 47.4 42.3 41.8 41.4
41.6 47.8 42.5 41.0 41.2
41.7 46.5 42.8 41.5 41.5
41.9 46.7 41.4 41.4 41.9
42.2 49.9 40.4 41.7 41.8
42.1 45.3 40.4 41.7 41.7
41.9 44.5 40.4 41.0 41.7
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
40.2 42.1 40.7 40.8 41.6
40.4 42.2 40.0 40.7 41.4
40.2 42.2 41.5 40.9 41.1
41.2 42.0 41.3 40.7 40.9
40.4 41.8 40.8 40.7 41.0
40.5 41.7 40.8 40.9 41.4
41.2 42.1 42.1 41.2 41.7
41.3 42.8 42.8 41.4 42.4
41.0 42.8 41.0 41.4 42.3
41.2 42.5 40.5 41.5 42.3
41.8 42.6 41.9 41.8 42.4
41.5 42.7 42.3 41.7 41.8
41.5 42.4 43.0 41.8 41.9
39.8 42.6 43.3 41.9 41.4
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
39.4 38.1 41.6 ... 41.3
40.0 38.1 42.3 ... 41.4
40.0 38.9 41.9 41.6 40.8
40.3 38.9 41.4 41.3 40.5
39.8 39.1 41.2 41.2 40.5
40.0 39.2 41.0 42.0 41.3
39.8 40.1 41.5 42.7 41.6
38.3 40.0 41.9 43.3 42.4
37.5 39.3 41.7 42.2 41.9
38.1 39.5 41.7 42.8 42.0
37.9 40.1 42.2 43.2 42.6
37.3 38.3 41.8 42.9 41.9
39.3 39.4 41.9 42.9 41.4
38.3 39.2 41.2 42.1 41.6
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
40.8 40.5 41.8 41.5 40.8
40.7 40.5 42.5 41.0 41.5
40.2 40.0 42.6 40.2 41.1
40.3 40.1 42.9 40.1 40.8
40.3 40.3 42.7 40.0 40.6
40.9 40.3 42.6 40.2 40.8
41.6 40.5 42.5 40.8 41.1
41.6 41.3 43.4 40.6 41.5
41.1 41.3 43.2 39.8 41.5
42.4 41.1 44.2 39.9 41.0
42.3 41.8 44.1 40.6 41.4
41.9 41.5 44.0 40.6 41.6
41.1 41.7 43.3 40.8 41.4
40.6 42.1 42.8 41.3 40.7
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
41.0 42.2 40.9 40.3 40.6
40.7 43.3 40.8 40.3 40.8
40.7 42.9 40.5 40.0 40.7
40.7 41.8 40.3 39.4 40.7
41.0 41.5 40.4 39.7 40.4
41.0 41.8 40.8 40.3 40.6
41.3 43.1 41.1 41.0 41.4
41.6 44.9 41.6 41.7 42.0
41.7 44.3 41.5 41.0 41.3
41.8 43.9 41.4 41.3 41.5
42.3 44.1 41.5 41.5 41.6
42.0 43.3 41.3 41.4 41.5
42.0 44.2 41.2 41.3 41.5
41.9 43.7 40.8 40.7 41.3
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
38.6 40.5 40.3 41.2 41.2
38.7 41.1 39.7 40.7 41.0
39.2 40.7 40.9 41.2 41.0
39.0 40.8 40.7 40.8 41.4
39.1 40.4 40.6 41.2 41.4
38.9 41.1 40.7 41.6 41.5
38.6 41.5 41.4 42.1 41.5
39.3 42.1 41.1 42.3 41.8
39.4 41.5 41.4 41.6 41.8
39.1 41.6 41.6 41.8 41.8
39.9 41.3 42.9 42.0 42.0
39.3 41.9 42.0 41.3 41.8
39.0 41.9 41.3 40.6 41.7
38.5 41.4 42.4 41.1 42.0
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
39.7 39.9 41.2 38.7 42.6
40.5 39.9 40.5 38.7 43.0
40.0 40.0 40.3 39.8 42.7
40.7 39.6 39.9 39.8 42.4
40.1 39.8 40.1 39.8 42.2
40.0 40.0 40.7 40.4 42.2
40.9 40.4 40.8 41.2 43.0
40.9 41.0 41.1 42.3 43.9
39.9 40.9 40.6 40.7 43.4
40.2 40.8 40.4 42.2 43.3
39.8 41.2 41.2 40.5 43.6
38.6 41.1 41.1 39.9 42.9
39.0 41.2 41.0 40.0 42.9
38.0 41.1 41.4 40.1 42.9
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
41.2 39.2 40.9 40.0 41.7
41.1 39.3 41.1 39.7 41.1
41.6 39.4 41.0 39.3 41.3
41.1 39.3 40.7 39.7 41.0
41.0 39.4 40.4 40.0 41.3
41.2 39.5 40.8 40.1 41.7
41.9 39.5 41.2 39.8 41.6
43.1 40.4 41.6 40.3 41.8
41.9 40.1 41.3 40.5 41.9
42.0 40.2 141.2
40.0 41.8
42.4 40.9 42.0 40.9 42.2
41.5 40.7 41.9 40.6 42.6
41.3 40.4 41.8 39.9 42.6
40.9 40.0 42.2 40.4 42.5
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
41.7 41.6 41.6 39.5 40.6
42.5 41.6 41.7 40.3 40.4
41.8 40.8 41.8 40.0 40.9
40.6 38.6 41.8 39.8 40.8
41.2 39.6 42.1 39.9 40.8
41.2 40.3 42.5 40.3 41.0
41.3 40.8 42.8 39.6 41.5
42.0 40.9 43.1 40.6 40.9
41.8 40.4 42.8 39.8 40.5
41.5 40.6 43.0 40.3 40.5
41.9 41.2 43.5 40.2 40.7
42.6 40.5 43.7 40.4 39.6
42.9 40.6 43.5 40.0 39.5
43.1 40.2 43.3 39.8 40.3
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
41.1 39.9 40.6 41.4 38.8
40.8 40.1 40.6 41.8 138.5
40.9 39.4 40.7 41.5 39.8
40.4 40.6 40.7 41.4 39.9
40.5 39.9 40.6 41.4 38.6
41.0 40.0 40.6 41.8 38.6
41.0 40.2 40.9 42.0 38.9
41.7 40.5 41.3 42.7 40.0
41.6 40.8 41.8 42.1 39.4
41.5 40.8 41.2 42.2 40.1
42.2 40.6 41.7 42.4 40.3
42.3 40.8 41.6 41.8 40.4
42.4 40.9 41.6 41.9 39.3
42.3 40.7 41.3 41.5 38.6
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
38.9 42.2
39.1 40.4
39.5 41.7
39.1 42.4
39.0 41.4
39.6 42.0
39.5 43.5
39.9 42.7
39.6 41.7
38.6 41.5
39.6 42.7
40.0 40.1
41.0 43.8
40.6 44.0
1Data
not continuous. . . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
207
Table 2-36. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2003 (Dollars.) State
2001
2002
2003
Alabama .............................................................................. Alaska .................................................................................. Arizona ................................................................................ Arkansas .............................................................................. California .............................................................................
12.76 11.70 13.80 12.90 14.69
13.10 13.24 14.16 13.30 14.89
13.56 12.16 14.38 13.55 15.05
Colorado .............................................................................. Connecticut .......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................. District of Columbia ............................................................. Florida .................................................................................. Georgia ................................................................................
14.72 16.42 16.56 ... 12.68 12.50
15.44 17.24 16.60 ... 13.30 13.38
16.89 17.74 16.90 ... 14.09 14.08
Hawaii .................................................................................. Idaho .................................................................................... Illinois ................................................................................... Indiana ................................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................................
13.18 13.85 14.66 16.42 14.67
13.07 13.80 14.99 17.15 15.32
12.90 13.72 15.20 17.84 15.70
Kansas ................................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................. Maine ................................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................................
15.48 15.44 16.18 14.71 14.56
15.98 15.73 17.03 15.55 15.21
15.83 16.02 16.86 16.28 15.75
Massachusetts ..................................................................... Michigan .............................................................................. Minnesota ............................................................................ Mississippi ........................................................................... Missouri ...............................................................................
15.75 19.45 14.76 11.93 16.11
16.25 20.51 15.06 12.32 16.80
16.53 21.28 15.43 12.88 18.21
Montana ............................................................................... Nebraska ............................................................................. Nevada ................................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................................
14.03 13.64 13.79 13.98 14.74
14.43 14.05 14.62 14.21 15.19
14.02 14.86 14.63 14.85 15.46
New Mexico ......................................................................... New York ............................................................................. North Carolina ..................................................................... North Dakota ....................................................................... Ohio .....................................................................................
13.27 16.24 12.81 12.77 16.79
13.41 16.75 13.18 13.17 17.49
13.19 16.78 13.66 14.04 18.00
Oklahoma ............................................................................ Oregon ................................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................................... Rhode Island ....................................................................... South Carolina .....................................................................
13.66 14.74 14.37 12.68 13.79
14.11 15.06 14.75 12.75 14.00
14.13 15.20 14.98 12.88 14.19
South Dakota ....................................................................... Tennessee ........................................................................... Texas ................................................................................... Utah ..................................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................................
12.11 12.88 14.04 13.76 14.18
12.60 13.15 13.93 14.12 14.33
13.13 13.56 13.94 14.90 14.54
Virginia ................................................................................. Washington .......................................................................... West Virginia ....................................................................... Wisconsin ............................................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................................
14.49 17.96 14.80 15.44 17.26
15.25 18.15 15.40 15.86 17.72
15.88 18.03 16.05 16.12 16.74
Puerto Rico .......................................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................................
9.84 22.57
10.30 22.98
10.47 23.37
. . . = Not available.
208
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-37. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 (Dollars.) State
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
3.42 5.97 4.03 2.99 4.44
3.73 7.10 4.40 3.30 4.76
4.10 8.09 4.85 3.69 5.22
4.46 7.82 5.19 3.91 5.59
4.89 9.12 5.55 4.30 6.00
5.40 8.86 6.03 4.72 6.43
5.95 9.14 6.62 5.19 7.03
6.49 10.22 7.29 5.71 7.70
7.01 11.42 8.02 6.26 8.56
7.33 11.74 8.73 6.69 9.24
7.58 12.33 8.99 7.05 9.52
7.97 12.25 9.09 7.31 9.77
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
... 4.14 4.29 3.45 3.25
... 4.42 4.62 3.76 3.50
... 4.78 5.02 4.11 3.80
... 5.12 5.51 4.36 4.10
5.80 5.56 5.94 4.63 4.46
6.21 5.96 6.58 5.07 4.88
6.93 6.43 7.04 5.48 5.30
7.63 7.08 7.58 5.98 5.77
8.28 7.67 8.28 6.53 6.37
8.63 8.23 8.64 7.02 6.75
18.97
8.76 9.19 7.33 7.13
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
3.93 4.05 4.57 0.00 ...
4.24 4.41 4.97 0.00 ...
4.68 4.77 5.53 ... ...
5.14 5.29 5.85 ... 5.85
5.51 5.82 6.28 ... 6.43
5.90 6.53 6.76 ... 7.02
6.38 6.92 7.30 ... 7.75
6.83 7.55 8.02 ... 8.67
7.53 8.23 8.91 ... 9.60
7.97 8.62 9.31 ... 10.01
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
... 4.00 3.98 3.23 4.22
... 4.36 4.40 3.51 4.62
... 4.77 4.88 3.81 5.04
... 5.15 5.33 4.16 5.52
... 5.69 5.75 4.52 6.05
... 6.26 6.42 4.91 6.46
6.71 6.77 6.97 5.42 7.09
7.37 7.34 7.74 6.00 7.61
8.05 7.86 8.58 6.66 8.39
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
3.89 ... 4.22 2.95 4.05
4.16 ... 4.67 3.19 4.39
4.48 ... 5.10 3.58 4.80
4.79 6.81 5.53 3.83 5.20
5.13 7.54 5.97 4.15 5.75
5.54 8.13 6.44 4.56 6.21
5.98 8.73 6.93 4.95 6.70
6.51 9.52 7.61 5.44 7.26
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
4.53 3.75 4.71 3.39 4.26
5.05 4.15 4.89 3.65 4.57
5.53 4.63 5.26 3.97 4.99
5.93 4.93 5.61 4.26 5.33
6.53 5.39 6.10 4.56 5.82
7.81 5.83 6.54 4.94 6.28
8.44 6.53 6.95 5.37 6.71
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
3.08 4.20 2.99 3.55 4.76
3.31 4.53 3.28 3.83 5.13
3.63 4.91 3.52 4.31 5.57
4.07 5.27 3.79 4.75 6.10
4.43 5.67 4.10 5.19 6.74
4.79 6.08 4.47 5.55 7.29
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
3.69 4.60 4.16 3.37 3.03
4.01 5.01 4.57 3.62 3.32
4.45 5.53 4.98 3.84 3.59
4.83 6.07 5.36 4.15 3.91
5.31 6.67 15.85
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
3.37 3.29 5.42 3.83 3.50
3.77 3.62 5.88 4.19 3.78
4.21 3.93 6.46 4.61 4.07
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
3.34 4.83 4.14 4.45 4.03
3.65 5.24 4.53 4.81 4.52
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
... ...
... ...
1Data
not continuous. . . . = Not available.
1985
8.48
1986
7.57 10.12
8.64 11.62 9.88 7.76 10.36
9.24 9.22 9.28 7.62 7.58
9.52 9.57 9.86 7.86 8.10
9.82 10.07 10.05 8.02 8.35
8.23 8.98 9.70 ... 10.09
8.35 9.34 10.08 ... 10.24
8.65 9.41 10.37 ... 10.32
8.86 9.66 10.67 ... 10.35
8.80 8.38 9.38 7.22 8.78
9.23 8.79 9.79 7.61 9.02
9.38 9.28 10.06 8.05 9.45
9.45 9.53 10.43 8.40 9.73
9.76 9.86 10.60 8.65 9.91
7.01 10.53 8.40 6.01 7.90
7.58 11.18 9.11 6.41 8.46
8.01 11.62 9.56 6.70 8.89
8.50 12.18 9.75 6.95 9.31
9.00 12.64 10.05 7.22 9.57
9.24 12.80 10.20 7.46 9.83
8.78 7.38 7.72 15.87 7.31
9.09 8.01 8.42 6.41 8.05
9.86 8.47 8.80 6.94 8.66
10.44 8.76 9.02 7.42 9.11
10.76 8.93 9.12 7.86 9.50
10.95 9.02 9.15 8.39 9.86
10.94 9.26 9.36 8.77 10.12
5.36 6.57 4.87 5.98 7.84
5.79 7.18 5.37 6.56 8.57
6.54 7.84 5.94 7.12 9.53
7.22 8.35 6.35 7.50 10.07
7.60 8.84 6.68 7.73 10.56
7.97 9.22 7.01 7.86 10.96
8.41 9.67 7.29 8.05 11.38
8.75 9.92 7.54 8.19 11.56
4.39 4.28
5.81 7.23 6.37 4.71 4.66
6.53 7.92 6.97 5.10 5.10
7.36 8.65 7.59 5.59 5.59
8.20 9.47 8.30 6.10 6.18
8.69 10.02 8.63 6.61 6.68
9.21 10.25 8.95 6.92 7.03
9.64 10.44 9.28 7.33 7.28
9.86 10.50 9.57 7.59 7.61
9.80 10.57 9.74 7.90 7.92
4.51 4.24 7.15 4.89 4.40
4.84 4.68 7.95 5.18 4.70
5.19 5.13 8.60 5.68 5.10
5.70 5.56 8.88 6.29 5.53
6.50 6.08 9.04 7.02 6.14
7.12 6.72 9.41 7.74 6.79
7.36 7.16 9.65 8.40 7.35
7.31 7.49 9.85 8.69 7.66
7.14 7.93 9.97 8.92 8.03
7.43 8.29 10.25 9.64 8.41
7.75 8.58 10.47 9.98 8.83
3.99 5.82 4.93 5.26 4.92
4.30 6.36 5.42 5.69 5.43
4.69 6.83 6.06 6.16 5.70
5.11 7.56 6.68 6.69 6.18
5.58 8.39 7.41 7.27 6.68
6.22 9.41 8.08 8.03 7.01
6.84 10.44 8.80 8.80 7.89
7.37 11.23 9.40 9.37 8.62
7.79 11.42 9.74 9.78 8.73
8.10 11.57 9.93 10.03 9.14
8.51 11.63 10.24 10.26 9.64
8.83 11.65 10.38 10.35 9.68
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 6.12
... 6.70
4.02 7.18
4.39 8.50
4.64 9.76
4.83 10.03
5.02 9.51
5.19 9.44
5.31 9.60
112.19 19.48
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
209
Table 2-37. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000—Continued (Dollars.) State
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
8.76 11.79 9.97 7.88 10.75
8.95 11.98 9.85 8.07 10.80
9.10 12.01 9.92 8.26 11.16
9.39 12.46 10.21 8.51 11.48
9.72 11.40 10.70 8.81 11.87
9.99 10.75 10.96 9.05 12.19
10.35 11.14 11.06 9.36 12.38
10.75 10.96 11.17 9.65 12.44
11.14 11.00 11.16 10.05 12.55
11.55 11.14 11.49 10.41 12.84
11.86 11.78 11.67 10.78 13.24
12.11 11.09 12.17 11.12 13.66
12.54 12.16 12.70 11.55 13.95
12.96 12.46 12.78 11.97 14.26
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
10.05 10.46 10.67 8.16 8.49
10.38 10.78 11.49 8.39 8.65
10.44 11.21 12.36 8.67 8.87
10.94 11.53 12.39 8.98 9.17
11.33 11.99 12.20 9.30 9.56
11.32 12.46 12.35 9.59 9.86
12.01 13.01 13.29 9.76 10.09
12.26 13.53 13.92 9.97 10.34
12.51 13.71 14.20 10.18 10.71
12.83 14.01 14.02 10.55 11.19
13.31 14.46 14.81 10.95 11.64
13.74 14.83 15.36 11.43 12.03
14.19 15.33 15.91 11.83 12.48
14.82 15.70 16.53 12.28 12.99
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
9.30 9.75 10.85 ... 10.62
9.84 10.00 10.98 ... 10.56
10.37 10.21 11.21 11.70 10.82
10.99 10.60 11.44 12.03 11.27
11.39 11.11 11.68 12.43 11.62
11.61 11.42 11.84 12.79 11.92
11.98 11.88 12.04 13.17 12.22
12.22 11.88 12.25 13.55 12.45
12.82 11.46 12.64 13.91 12.73
12.79 12.15 13.03 14.33 13.13
13.11 12.46 13.35 14.79 13.57
13.16 12.80 13.75 14.97 13.91
13.49 13.42 14.05 15.26 14.20
13.59 14.17 14.36 15.83 14.66
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
9.97 10.02 10.90 8.77 10.11
10.24 10.16 10.94 9.31 10.71
10.68 10.37 11.13 9.92 11.19
10.94 10.70 11.61 10.59 11.57
11.24 11.00 11.86 11.08 11.92
11.60 11.28 12.19 11.40 12.50
11.99 11.47 12.66 11.63 12.83
12.15 11.81 13.11 11.91 13.15
12.39 12.22 13.43 12.39 13.49
12.88 12.70 13.65 12.71 13.73
13.45 13.17 14.14 13.12 14.14
13.84 13.82 14.63 13.49 14.31
14.44 14.27 15.18 13.94 14.62
14.98 14.83 15.56 14.28 14.98
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
9.77 12.97 10.37 7.59 10.00
10.40 13.31 10.59 7.83 10.24
10.87 13.51 10.95 8.03 10.49
11.39 13.86 11.23 8.37 10.74
11.81 14.52 11.52 8.67 10.86
12.15 14.81 11.92 8.91 11.24
12.36 15.36 12.23 9.16 11.55
12.59 16.13 12.58 9.41 11.77
12.79 16.31 12.79 9.76 12.17
13.05 16.67 13.16 10.18 12.57
13.42 17.18 13.63 10.41 12.98
13.80 17.61 13.92 10.73 13.38
14.24 18.38 14.34 11.17 13.93
14.66 19.26 14.99 11.64 14.34
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
10.61 9.33 9.76 9.29 10.40
10.68 9.38 10.08 9.97 10.86
11.15 9.53 10.33 10.37 11.17
11.51 9.66 11.05 10.83 11.76
11.57 9.84 11.04 10.84 12.17
12.18 10.22 11.55 11.22 12.57
12.40 10.46 11.65 11.62 12.98
12.49 10.94 11.83 11.74 13.36
12.94 11.19 12.62 11.94 13.56
13.00 11.51 13.59 12.23 13.85
13.29 12.10 14.17 12.55 14.24
13.76 12.32 14.42 12.79 14.58
14.17 12.77 13.92 13.17 15.11
14.34 12.94 13.85 13.39 15.47
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
8.74 10.09 7.84 8.43 11.73
8.87 10.43 8.12 8.36 12.00
8.74 10.67 8.42 8.80 12.26
9.04 11.11 8.79 9.27 12.64
9.40 11.43 9.19 9.25 13.12
9.68 11.72 9.49 9.60 13.49
9.74 11.97 9.81 9.86 14.05
10.13 12.19 10.19 10.19 14.40
10.68 12.50 10.56 10.75 14.42
10.99 12.78 10.97 10.95 14.70
11.74 13.19 11.41 11.29 15.30
12.47 13.47 11.84 11.40 15.79
12.53 13.87 12.32 11.94 16.26
13.26 14.24 12.80 12.64 16.71
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
10.14 10.56 9.98 8.20 8.10
10.35 10.60 10.33 8.64 8.30
10.48 10.81 10.66 9.06 8.54
10.73 11.15 11.04 9.45 8.84
11.09 11.53 11.46 9.73 9.17
11.38 11.97 11.78 9.92 9.48
11.42 12.18 12.11 10.20 9.80
11.42 12.31 12.49 10.35 10.00
11.52 12.75 12.81 10.62 10.16
11.78 13.01 113.40
10.95 10.25
12.36 13.39 13.78 11.31 10.35
12.61 14.07 14.06 11.61 10.52
12.70 14.61 14.19 11.98 10.67
13.17 15.08 14.60 12.17 10.97
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
7.92 8.78 10.84 9.96 9.12
8.09 8.96 10.92 10.11 9.47
8.30 9.22 11.02 10.14 9.99
8.48 9.55 11.13 10.32 10.52
8.79 9.92 11.47 10.77 11.00
8.84 10.13 11.81 11.09 11.52
8.89 10.33 12.03 11.10 12.09
9.19 10.50 12.14 11.28 11.96
9.36 10.78 12.25 11.62 12.21
9.59 11.30 12.38 12.21 12.42
9.96 11.71 12.57 12.85 12.70
10.22 12.06 ... 13.07 13.03
10.58 12.50 ... 13.39 13.65
10.70 12.92 ... 13.68 14.23
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
9.14 11.73 10.55 10.55 9.75
9.37 11.90 10.81 10.61 110.27
9.69 12.12 11.17 10.77 10.58
10.07 12.61 11.53 11.11 10.83
10.43 13.13 11.77 11.47 10.98
10.62 13.59 12.11 11.85 11.10
10.85 14.01 12.27 12.17 11.53
11.24 14.86 12.60 12.41 11.79
11.72 14.73 12.64 12.76 11.96
12.19 14.73 12.96 13.14 13.17
12.51 15.16 13.17 13.66 14.54
12.90 15.76 13.72 14.02 14.93
13.37 16.14 14.09 14.50 15.40
13.82 16.75 14.61 14.85 16.18
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
5.43 9.40
5.56 9.86
5.77 10.87
6.04 11.85
6.32 12.52
6.63 13.68
6.98 14.97
7.22 15.16
7.41 15.82
7.70 17.00
7.99 18.09
8.41 18.60
8.93 18.89
9.39 21.88
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. 1Data
not continuous. . . . = Not available.
210
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-38. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2003 (Dollars.) State
2001
2002
2003
Alabama .............................................................................. Alaska .................................................................................. Arizona ................................................................................ Arkansas .............................................................................. California .............................................................................
523.16 504.27 556.14 514.71 581.72
542.34 495.18 566.40 528.01 589.64
555.96 520.45 580.95 536.58 597.49
Colorado .............................................................................. Connecticut .......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................. District of Columbia ............................................................. Florida .................................................................................. Georgia ................................................................................
599.10 684.71 657.43 ... 514.81 505.00
626.86 717.18 664.00 ... 559.93 547.24
682.36 734.44 681.07 ... 577.69 560.38
Hawaii .................................................................................. Idaho .................................................................................... Illinois ................................................................................... Indiana ................................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................................
474.48 541.54 601.06 673.22 600.00
465.29 546.48 620.59 727.16 632.72
479.88 566.64 617.12 751.06 654.69
Kansas ................................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................. Maine ................................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................................
630.04 640.76 697.36 585.46 567.84
651.98 663.81 747.62 620.45 608.40
639.53 668.03 743.53 651.20 622.13
Massachusetts ..................................................................... Michigan .............................................................................. Minnesota ............................................................................ Mississippi ........................................................................... Missouri ...............................................................................
634.73 814.96 584.50 473.62 649.23
663.00 875.78 597.88 500.19 660.24
671.12 895.89 620.29 513.91 737.51
Montana ............................................................................... Nebraska ............................................................................. Nevada ................................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................................
544.36 561.97 533.67 567.59 598.44
551.23 588.70 567.26 565.56 621.27
538.37 618.18 570.57 594.00 633.86
New Mexico ......................................................................... New York ............................................................................. North Carolina ..................................................................... North Dakota ....................................................................... Ohio .....................................................................................
517.53 646.35 504.71 522.29 691.75
535.06 675.03 529.84 529.43 724.09
519.69 671.20 543.67 561.60 738.00
Oklahoma ............................................................................ Oregon ................................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................................... Rhode Island ....................................................................... South Carolina .....................................................................
538.20 576.33 580.55 499.59 568.15
553.11 588.85 594.43 493.43 589.40
555.31 597.36 599.20 506.18 586.05
South Dakota ....................................................................... Tennessee ........................................................................... Texas ................................................................................... Utah ..................................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................................
504.99 501.03 584.06 528.38 561.53
532.98 527.32 572.52 533.74 573.20
559.34 539.69 577.12 591.53 581.60
Virginia ................................................................................. Washington .......................................................................... West Virginia ....................................................................... Wisconsin ............................................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................................
581.05 718.40 608.28 620.69 666.24
622.20 727.82 637.56 642.33 696.40
647.90 712.19 662.87 649.64 672.95
Puerto Rico .......................................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................................
392.62 990.82
418.18 1 004.23
429.27 1 000.24
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
211
Table 2-39. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 (Dollars.) State
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
140.22 239.40 160.39 119.30 178.93
151.06 287.55 172.48 129.36 188.97
161.95 296.09 189.15 143.17 205.67
181.08 316.71 205.00 154.84 221.92
198.04 394.90 222.56 170.71 240.60
219.24 375.66 243.01 185.50 257.84
242.16 401.25 268.77 205.52 280.50
260.25 436.49 292.33 224.40 304.15
279.70 456.80 317.59 246.64 338.98
282.20 453.16 339.60 258.23 362.21
308.51 446.35 364.10 282.71 380.80
326.77 481.42 370.87 296.06 393.73
345.98 1496.1 1387.7 304.31 406.82
355.10 477.58 405.08 313.50 417.51
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
... 174.29 172.89 141.45 131.63
... 182.99 182.03 151.15 139.30
... 193.59 197.29 164.40 150.10
... 208.90 220.40 176.14 164.41
228.52 230.74 235.22 188.44 180.63
244.05 250.32 263.20 207.36 195.69
273.74 270.06 278.08 221.94 214.12
303.67 295.94 306.99 243.98 231.95
329.54 319.07 333.68 265.12 255.44
338.30 333.32 338.69 280.10 260.55
1357.90
361.79 373.11 298.33 293.04
377.92 391.85 385.12 313.94 310.78
382.70 400.98 405.25 324.62 328.86
391.82 420.93 415.07 327.22 341.52
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
156.81 157.14 187.85 ... ...
167.06 171.99 200.69 ... ...
182.99 185.08 219.13 ... ...
200.46 204.72 236.11 ... 233.42
209.38 228.73 254.91 ... 257.84
227.74 253.36 271.42 ... 281.50
244.35 265.04 296.66 ... 313.88
258.17 280.11 319.20 ... 343.33
289.90 311.09 356.23 ... 379.20
302.06 316.35 364.86 ... 387.39
317.68 335.85 393.59 ... 401.58
318.14 351.18 409.35 ... 411.65
323.51 355.70 421.02 ... 414.86
344.65 369.01 436.40 ... 420.21
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
... 161.20 164.77 131.78 170.91
... 172.66 176.44 141.45 184.34
... 184.60 208.86 152.02 197.06
... 202.91 220.13 165.98 218.59
... 224.75 240.35 179.90 241.40
... 247.90 267.07 197.38 257.75
273.10 266.74 287.86 217.34 283.60
297.75 286.99 318.89 240.00 301.36
325.22 308.90 362.08 269.06 334.76
344.96 321.79 384.58 288.80 344.18
360.89 344.57 391.60 303.64 360.80
376.14 363.78 418.50 321.20 387.45
373.28 370.72 434.93 336.00 392.12
393.33 386.51 443.08 351.19 401.36
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
157.55 ... 173.02 118.89 161.19
165.98 ... 186.33 125.37 172.53
175.17 ... 199.92 140.69 187.20
190.16 290.97 220.09 153.20 206.96
204.69 326.27 238.80 166.42 231.15
222.71 349.50 258.89 181.94 248.40
239.80 359.72 277.20 196.02 264.65
257.80 381.87 299.83 213.79 284.59
280.40 426.27 330.96 236.19 318.37
297.14 449.33 356.20 244.22 326.56
319.60 494.02 379.53 268.67 354.71
340.85 526.18 392.93 282.17 377.06
366.30 544.78 405.02 293.13 384.71
381.61 545.28 414.12 299.89 398.12
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
178.03 156.78 188.40 134.92 176.41
195.94 170.98 189.73 143.44 186.11
210.14 187.66 200.93 155.23 199.68
236.01 202.57 218.23 168.70 215.71
272.95 219.91 236.68 182.40 239.20
333.49 239.61 251.79 199.08 256.22
362.08 269.69 267.58 215.34 276.45
379.30 299.63 294.90 1233.63 297.07
372.69 322.80 325.01 255.76 327.16
387.50 337.95 328.24 274.82 345.53
414.47 353.03 349.98 300.51 369.87
421.79 361.67 362.98 322.26 390.45
428.15 363.51 369.66 341.47 402.29
431.04 374.10 376.27 361.32 416.94
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
121.35 167.58 119.90 143.42 201.35
127.10 178.48 128.25 153.97 211.36
141.57 191.00 135.17 171.97 224.47
160.77 207.64 149.33 185.73 252.54
171.88 224.53 162.36 200.33 283.08
187.77 241.98 177.91 220.34 306.91
211.72 260.17 192.85 233.82 325.36
230.44 282.89 211.04 246.00 347.94
258.33 308.90 232.25 271.27 389.78
283.02 323.98 236.86 282.00 403.81
301.72 347.41 267.20 293.74 437.18
318.00 366.96 279.70 301.82 463.61
334.72 384.87 288.68 310.73 477.96
345.63 395.81 306.88 312.86 486.68
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
149.81 180.78 167.23 132.44 122.72
162.40 194.39 180.97 141.90 132.14
178.00 212.35 193.22 149.04 141.45
194.65 236.12 210.11 163.93 157.96
214.52 257.46 1231.08
171.65 173.77
233.56 281.97 254.80 183.22 190.13
264.46 304.92 278.10 199.41 208.08
295.14 329.57 294.49 219.69 225.28
328.82 355.13 325.36 239.73 249.67
343.26 379.76 331.39 255.16 255.18
373.01 398.73 350.84 269.88 285.30
401.02 409.25 373.06 299.80 297.07
407.22 406.35 381.84 305.11 307.44
404.74 412.23 391.55 319.16 325.51
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
143.56 132.92 ... 148.62 145.25
157.21 144.44 ... 162.02 155.36
171.35 156.41 ... 175.77 164.43
179.95 170.87 203.68 191.69 180.40
190.21 188.14 222.76 207.15 191.76
216.42 203.15 242.84 224.36 209.10
238.83 220.73 265.51 245.31 225.62
265.85 241.38 294.58 274.48 249.28
296.19 268.13 328.34 307.28 271.60
302.50 276.38 344.00 323.40 286.65
304.10 303.34 363.19 342.39 306.40
300.59 324.34 376.97 355.91 326.02
310.57 339.72 387.69 386.56 342.29
326.28 353.50 399.51 399.20 359.38
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
135.60 189.34 165.60 183.99 155.58
145.27 203.84 179.39 197.43 171.71
156.41 225.23 192.27 212.25 190.36
171.57 248.68 212.46 230.91 218.11
187.13 267.74 239.37 250.06 226.82
203.38 297.11 264.53 274.21 238.55
221.53 323.85 293.44 297.00 251.17
244.45 361.34 316.74 323.10 272.69
271.55 405.07 346.72 352.55 315.60
283.01 432.36 364.72 370.87 329.28
309.26 444.24 385.70 398.05 322.21
326.43 448.92 400.18 412.23 361.03
341.25 453.57 408.58 421.69 394.28
356.73 459.01 418.31 427.46 377.52
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 250.31
... 274.03
152.76 295.10
167.77 359.55
174.00 412.85
186.92 415.24
194.27 405.41
199.82 393.65
207.09 402.24
1Data
not continuous. . . . = Not available.
212
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-39. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000—Continued (Dollars.) State
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
362.66 503.43 404.78 323.08 433.23
370.53 504.36 404.84 330.06 439.56
374.92 533.24 408.70 337.01 454.21
384.99 559.45 415.55 348.91 466.09
396.58 528.96 435.49 362.97 481.92
411.59 489.13 447.17 374.67 494.91
426.42 501.30 450.14 387.50 506.34
450.43 519.50 472.49 403.37 515.02
463.42 525.80 474.30 412.05 517.06
481.64 518.01 491.77 432.02 532.86
496.93 550.13 483.14 446.29 554.76
511.04 553.39 491.67 463.70 570.99
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
404.01 440.37 434.27 332.93 353.18
419.35 454.92 459.60 341.47 358.11
419.69 473.06 512.94 354.60 364.56
450.73 484.26 511.71 365.49 375.05
457.73 501.18 497.76 378.51 391.96
458.46 519.58 503.88 392.23 408.20
494.81 547.72 559.50 402.11 420.75
506.34 579.08 595.78 412.76 438.42
512.91 586.79 582.20 421.45 453.03
528.60 595.43 567.81 437.83 473.34
1556.36
616.00 620.54 457.71 493.54
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
366.42 371.48 451.36 ... 438.61
393.60 381.00 464.45 ... 437.18
414.80 397.16 469.70 486.72 441.46
442.90 412.34 473.62 496.84 456.44
453.32 434.40 481.22 512.12 470.61
464.40 447.66 485.44 537.18 492.30
476.80 476.39 499.66 562.36 508.35
468.03 475.20 513.28 586.72 527.88
480.75 450.38 527.09 587.00 533.39
487.30 479.93 543.35 613.32 551.46
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
406.78 405.81 455.62 363.96 412.49
416.77 411.48 464.95 381.71 444.47
429.34 414.80 474.14 398.78 459.91
440.88 429.07 498.07 424.66 472.06
452.97 443.30 506.42 443.20 483.95
474.44 454.58 519.29 458.28 510.00
498.78 464.54 538.05 474.50 527.31
505.44 487.75 568.97 483.55 545.73
509.23 504.69 580.18 493.12 559.84
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
400.57 547.33 424.13 305.88 406.00
423.28 576.32 432.07 315.55 417.79
442.41 579.58 443.48 321.20 426.94
463.57 579.35 452.57 329.78 437.12
484.21 602.58 465.41 344.20 438.74
498.15 619.06 486.34 359.07 456.34
510.47 662.02 502.65 375.56 478.17
523.74 724.24 523.33 392.40 494.34
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
409.55 377.87 393.33 382.75 428.48
413.32 385.52 400.18 405.78 445.26
437.08 387.87 422.50 427.24 457.97
448.89 394.13 449.74 441.86 486.86
452.39 397.54 448.22 446.61 503.84
473.80 420.04 470.09 466.75 521.66
478.64 434.09 482.31 489.20 538.67
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
346.98 402.59 323.01 326.24 499.70
359.24 416.16 328.86 323.53 516.00
349.60 426.80 339.33 350.24 523.50
367.93 439.96 350.72 368.95 535.94
376.94 454.91 368.52 368.15 553.66
387.20 468.80 386.24 387.84 569.28
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
417.77 413.95 408.18 328.00 337.77
425.39 416.58 424.56 343.01 341.13
435.97 425.91 437.06 356.06 352.70
441.00 438.20 449.33 375.17 362.44
454.69 454.28 1462.98
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
330.26 365.25 409.76 393.42 370.27
343.83 372.74 415.75 407.43 382.59
346.94 376.18 428.45 405.60 408.59
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
375.65 468.03 428.33 436.77 378.30
382.30 477.19 438.89 443.50 395.40
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
211.23 396.68
217.40 398.34
1Data
not continuous. . . . = Not available.
1999
2000
527.93
481.64 581.72
543.02 554.47 516.31 490.77 594.64
570.21 633.24 649.73 476.63 502.85
588.89 649.99 684.13 494.49 522.91
589.84 668.82 715.75 514.53 537.79
496.87 499.65 563.37 638.93 578.08
490.87 490.24 574.75 642.21 582.83
530.16 528.75 588.70 654.65 587.88
520.50 555.46 591.63 666.44 609.86
546.11 521.97 603.33 507.13 562.93
568.94 550.51 623.57 532.67 585.40
579.90 573.53 643.72 547.69 595.30
593.48 595.06 657.29 568.75 605.27
608.19 624.34 665.97 589.76 609.69
533.34 722.53 530.79 400.16 502.62
545.49 731.81 544.82 420.43 521.66
567.67 757.64 565.65 432.02 539.97
579.60 762.51 574.90 444.22 555.27
598.08 812.40 590.81 461.32 578.10
614.25 841.66 611.59 473.75 592.24
490.86 460.57 486.21 1496.60 558.45
509.84 464.39 522.47 496.70 566.81
508.30 478.82 565.34 511.21 578.93
530.27 499.73 607.89 527.10 598.08
540.77 516.21 605.64 528.23 609.44
552.63 535.06 574.90 534.70 630.09
552.09 535.72 587.24 550.33 649.74
398.37 483.59 400.25 406.23 604.15
414.32 499.79 418.81 431.04 632.16
426.13 511.25 428.74 437.53 625.83
441.80 521.42 443.19 462.09 636.51
467.25 543.43 470.09 457.25 667.08
481.34 553.62 486.62 454.86 677.39
488.67 571.44 505.12 477.60 697.55
503.88 585.26 529.92 506.86 716.86
389.20 378.72
468.86 472.82 480.62 397.79 395.32
478.50 481.11 498.93 405.96 407.68
492.20 497.32 519.58 417.11 418.00
482.69 511.28 529.05 430.11 425.70
494.76 523.00 552.08 438.00 428.45
524.06 547.65 578.76 462.58 436.77
523.32 572.65 589.11 471.37 448.15
524.51 590.24 593.14 478.00 454.54
538.65 603.20 616.12 491.67 466.23
344.29 368.63 437.65 410.74 429.22
362.15 392.83 456.36 429.72 448.80
364.21 408.24 464.10 446.93 472.32
367.16 421.46 471.66 439.56 501.74
385.98 429.45 479.70 457.97 489.16
391.25 435.51 490.92 462.48 494.51
397.99 458.78 507.83 492.06 503.01
417.32 482.45 523.31 516.57 516.89
435.37 488.43 530.52 528.03 515.99
453.88 507.50 532.88 535.60 539.18
461.17 519.38 536.05 544.46 573.47
396.32 477.53 454.62 446.96 421.08
406.83 511.97 469.27 459.95 432.12
422.42 523.89 477.86 474.86 423.83
435.42 543.60 491.67 495.33 428.46
444.85 563.20 501.84 511.14 448.52
468.71 601.83 520.38 529.91 471.60
487.55 600.98 528.35 537.20 471.22
505.89 600.98 533.95 554.51 528.12
527.92 615.50 549.19 579.18 585.96
545.67 643.01 570.75 586.04 603.17
566.89 660.13 586.14 607.55 605.22
584.59 681.73 603.39 616.28 624.55
227.92 453.28
236.16 502.44
246.48 518.33
262.55 574.56
275.71 651.20
288.08 647.33
293.44 659.69
297.22 705.50
316.40 772.44
336.40 745.86
366.13 827.38
381.23 962.72
1550.85 1513.08
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
213
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS QUARTERLY CENSUS OF EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES Collection and Coverage The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program, also commonly called the ES 202 program is a cooperative endeavor of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the employment security agencies of the states. Using quarterly data submitted by the agencies, BLS summarizes the employment and wage data for workers covered by state unemployment insurance laws and for civilian workers covered by the program of Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees. These tables provide the data from this program that uses the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry. The NAICS structure is significantly different from that of the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), system that had been used for industry classification purposes until this year. This difference results in NAICS-based data that are not comparable with historical SIC-based data. The NAICS classification system was described in the sixth edition of this Handbook. The QCEW data series is the most complete universe of employment and wage information by industry, county, and state. These data serve as the basic source of benchmark information for employment by industry in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which is shown in the first section of part 2 of this Handbook. Therefore the entire employment series is not presented here. The wage series is presented because the CES provides earnings only for production and non-supervisory employees and the QCEW is more comprehensive. Total wages Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws, covering 129.7 million full- and parttime workers. Average annual pay is computed by dividing total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these
employees. Pay differences among states reflect the varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other factors. Pay differences among industries are similarly affected. For example, the relatively large share of part-time workers reduces average annual pay levels in retail trade industries. Correspondingly, pay levels in construction industries reflect the prevalence of part-year employment due to weather and seasonal factors. Over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in the composition of employment, as well as changes in the level of average pay. Total wages, for purposes of the quarterly UI reports submitted by employers in private industry in most states, include gross wages and salaries, bonuses, stock options, tips and other gratuities, and the value of meals and lodging, where supplied. In some of the states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans, such as 401(k) plans, are included in total wages. Total wages, however, do not include employer contributions to OldAge, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI); health insurance; unemployment insurance; workers’ compensation; and private pension and welfare funds. In most states, firms report the total wages paid during the calendar quarter, regardless of the timing of the services performed. Under laws of a few states, however, the employers report total wages earned during the quarter (payable) rather than actual amounts paid. For federal workers, wages represent the gross amount of all payrolls for all pay periods paid within the quarter. This gross amount includes cash allowances and the cash equivalent of any type of remuneration. It includes all lump-sum payments for terminal leave, withholding taxes, and retirement deductions. Federal employee remuneration generally covers the same types of services as those for workers in private industry. Sources of Additional Information Additional information about the QCEW program and NAICS is available from the BLS annual publication Employment and Wages, the Monthly Labor Review, December 2001, and the BLS Web site.
214
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-40. Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers 1, by State, 2001–2002 (Number, dollars.) 2001
2002
State Employment
Average annual wages
Employment
Average annual wages
United States ..............................................................
129 635 800
$36 219
128 233 919
$36 764
Alabama ..................................................................... Alaska ........................................................................ Arizona ....................................................................... Arkansas .................................................................... California ....................................................................
1 854 462 283 033 2 243 652 1 127 151 14 981 757
30 102 36 170 33 411 27 260 41 327
1 830 620 287 231 2 240 234 1 119 428 14 837 334
31 163 37 134 34 036 28 074 41 419
Colorado .................................................................... Connecticut ................................................................ Delaware .................................................................... District of Columbia ..................................................... Florida ........................................................................ Georgia ......................................................................
2 201 379 1 665 607 406 736 635 734 7 153 589 3 871 763
37 952 46 993 38 427 55 909 31 553 35 136
2 153 857 1 648 547 401 971 650 513 7 164 523 3 807 915
38 005 46 852 39 684 57 914 32 426 35 734
Hawaii ........................................................................ Idaho .......................................................................... Illinois ......................................................................... Indiana ....................................................................... Iowa ...........................................................................
557 146 571 314 5 886 248 2 871 236 1 429 543
31 253 27 768 39 083 31 779 28 837
558 651 571 869 5 771 132 2 832 553 1 412 203
32 671 28 163 39 688 32 603 29 668
Kansas ....................................................................... Kentucky .................................................................... Louisiana .................................................................... Maine ......................................................................... Maryland ....................................................................
1 319 667 1 736 575 1 869 966 593 166 2 421 899
30 153 30 021 29 131 28 815 38 253
1 303 114 1 717 975 1 847 754 591 052 2 427 257
30 825 30 904 30 115 29 736 39 382
Massachusetts ........................................................... Michigan ..................................................................... Minnesota .................................................................. Mississippi .................................................................. Missouri ......................................................................
3 276 224 4 476 659 2 609 669 1 111 255 2 652 876
44 975 37 391 36 587 25 923 32 421
3 202 323 4 390 209 2 585 650 1 104 225 2 627 082
44 954 38 135 37 458 26 665 33 118
Montana ..................................................................... Nebraska .................................................................... Nevada ....................................................................... New Hampshire ......................................................... New Jersey ................................................................
383 905 883 920 1 043 748 610 192 3 876 194
25 195 28 377 33 121 35 481 44 320
388 161 874 063 1 045 012 603 234 3 855 419
26 001 29 448 33 993 36 176 45 182
New Mexico ............................................................... New York ................................................................... North Carolina ............................................................ North Dakota .............................................................. Ohio ...........................................................................
729 422 8 423 312 3 805 498 311 632 5 434 769
28 702 46 727 32 024 25 707 33 283
737 418 8 272 274 3 751 648 311 800 5 332 891
29 431 46 328 32 689 26 550 34 214
Oklahoma ................................................................... Oregon ....................................................................... Pennsylvania .............................................................. Rhode Island .............................................................. South Carolina ...........................................................
1 463 622 1 596 753 5 552 366 468 952 1 786 899
28 016 33 204 34 978 33 603 29 255
1 439 701 1 573 057 5 504 553 468 557 1 765 717
28 654 33 684 35 808 34 810 30 003
South Dakota ............................................................. Tennessee ................................................................. Texas ......................................................................... Utah ........................................................................... Vermont .....................................................................
364 715 2 625 746 9 350 770 1 050 674 298 020
25 601 31 520 36 045 30 077 30 238
363 292 2 601 518 9 261 089 1 041 707 295 443
26 360 32 531 36 248 30 585 31 041
Virginia ....................................................................... Washington ................................................................ West Virginia .............................................................. Wisconsin ................................................................... Wyoming ....................................................................
3 436 172 2 689 507 685 754 2 717 660 237 278
36 733 37 459 27 981 31 540 28 043
3 404 760 2 643 754 683 183 2 690 830 239 615
37 222 38 242 28 612 32 464 28 975
Puerto Rico ................................................................ Virgin Islands ..............................................................
1 007 919 44 330
19 728 29 210
992 529 43 070
20 662 30 506
1Includes
workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
215
Table 2-41. NAICS Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, United States, 2001–2002 2001
2002
Industry Employment
Average annual pay
Employment
Average annual pay
TOTAL PRIVATE, ALL INDUSTRIES .............................................
109 304 802
$36 157
107 577 281
$36 539
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ........................................ Mining .............................................................................................. Construction .................................................................................... Manufacturing .................................................................................. Wholesale trade ...............................................................................
1 170 570 535 189 6 773 512 16 386 001 5 730 294
20 188 59 686 38 412 42 969 48 791
1 155 890 505 979 6 683 553 15 209 192 5 617 456
20 890 60 392 39 027 44 097 49 241
Retail trade ...................................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ..................................................... Utilities ............................................................................................. Information ....................................................................................... Financial activities ...........................................................................
15 179 753 4 138 146 599 899 3 591 995 7 678 974
22 667 36 189 65 561 57 288 55 515
15 018 588 3 989 116 592 152 3 364 485 7 706 265
23 232 36 823 67 374 56 103 55 172
Professional and business services ................................................. Education and health services ........................................................ Leisure and hospitality ...................................................................... Other services .................................................................................
16 324 890 14 849 666 11 884 966 4 206 345
43 566 32 718 15 426 23 220
15 939 596 15 346 718 11 995 950 4 246 011
43 899 33 931 15 777 23 784
TOTAL GOVERNMENT ...................................................................
20 330 998
36 549
20 656 638
37 935
Federal ............................................................................................ State ................................................................................................ Local ................................................................................................
2 752 619 4 452 237 13 126 143
48 940 37 814 33 521
2 758 627 4 485 071 13 412 941
52 050 39 212 34 605
216
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-42. SIC Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers1, United States, Old Series, 1997–2000 1997 Industry Employment
1998
Average annual pay
Employment
1999
Average annual pay
Employment
2000
Average annual pay
Employment
Average annual pay
PRIVATE Agriculture, forestry, and fishing ................................. Mining ........................................................................ Construction ................................................................ Manufacturing ............................................................ Transportation and public utilities ...............................
1 766 273 595 837 5 637 876 18 654 350 6 164 800
$17 484 49 998 31 744 38 306 37 658
1 813 093 587 912 5 951 890 18 800 265 6 366 597
$18 611 52 066 33 386 40 092 39 345
1 861 280 535 352 6 341 444 18 538 996 6 581 586
$19 411 54 636 34 812 41 941 41 786
1 910 776 536 044 6 623 902 18 420 144 6 789 193
$20 283 58 084 36 622 44 776 43 623
Wholesale trade .......................................................... Retail trade .................................................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........................... Services ......................................................................
6 655 608 21 927 096 6 952 803 33 679 016
39 449 15 878 44 884 28 466
6 817 818 22 279 033 7 224 984 35 066 554
41 831 16 810 48 641 30 053
6 902 441 22 820 731 7 405 144 36 392 096
44 185 17 602 50 910 31 509
7 001 995 23 298 757 7 430 790 37 666 657
46 740 18 430 56 029 33 678
1 408 752 1 787 173 3 453 703
46 835 33 741 30 771
1 382 158 1 800 690 3 517 505
48 041 34 706 32 023
1 378 753 1 832 647 3 573 435
48 780 35 778 33 184
1 477 873 1 840 913 3 648 745
49 840 37 792 34 417
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Federal ........................................................................ State ............................................................................ Local .......................................................................... 1Includes
workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
217
BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Gross Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2003 10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000 Gross job gains Gross job losses 6,000 1992
1993 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Components of Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2003 8000 7000 6000 5000
Expansions Contractions Openings Closings
4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Beginning in September 2003, the net change in jobs in the private sector turned positive, about 72,000 after 10 quarters of being negative. The net change is the difference between total gross jobs gains and total gross job losses. The December net change was even more substantial, 344,000. Gross job gains increased 250,000 and job losses decreased somewhat. Over the quarter, expanding establishments added almost 6.1 million jobs while opening establishments added nearly 1.6 million jobs. The data also shows that the 2001 recession is characterized by a decline in gross job gains accompanied by an increase in gross job losses, and the several quarters following the end of the recession are characterized by a gross job loss rate that returned to pre-recession levels and a gross job gain that did not return to pre-recession levels. (Table 2-43)
218
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-43. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, 1992–2003 (In thousands.) Gross job gains Year
3 months ended
Net change1 Total
Gross job losses
Expanding establishments
Opening establishments
Total Total
Contracting establishments
Closing establishments
1992 ........................................
September December
455 216
7 377 7 101
5 632 5 465
1 745 1 636
6 922 6 885
6 922 6 885
5 351 5 487
1 571 1 398
1993 ........................................
March June September December
313 786 874 641
7 309 7 330 7 523 7 436
5 410 5 794 5 881 5 840
1 899 1 536 1 642 1 596
6 996 6 544 6 649 6 795
6 996 6 544 6 649 6 795
5 354 5 136 5 316 5 420
1 642 1 408 1 333 1 375
1994 ........................................
March June September December
517 1 021 1 175 507
7 400 7 807 7 972 7 630
5 807 6 060 6 227 5 998
1 593 1 747 1 745 1 632
6 883 6 786 6 797 7 123
6 883 6 786 6 797 7 123
5 435 5 295 5 493 5 647
1 448 1 491 1 304 1 476
1995 ........................................
March June September December
746 402 771 407
7 782 7 714 7 970 7 877
6 129 6 017 6 291 6 153
1 653 1 697 1 679 1 724
7 036 7 312 7 199 7 470
7 036 7 312 7 199 7 470
5 660 5 839 5 680 5 934
1 376 1 473 1 519 1 536
1996 ........................................
March June September December
460 642 632 861
7 943 8 080 8 189 8 278
6 190 6 302 6 326 6 409
1 753 1 778 1 863 1 869
7 483 7 438 7 557 7 417
7 483 7 438 7 557 7 417
5 957 5 894 5 998 5 889
1 526 1 544 1 559 1 528
1997 ........................................
March June September December
799 594 854 702
8 292 8 098 8 593 8 731
6 448 6 342 6 680 6 727
1 844 1 756 1 913 2 004
7 493 7 504 7 739 8 029
7 493 7 504 7 739 8 029
5 900 5 925 5 981 6 068
1 593 1 579 1 758 1 961
1998 ........................................
March June September December
747 666 659 759
8 788 8 722 8 539 8 576
6 633 6 569 6 574 6 778
2 155 2 153 1 965 1 798
8 041 8 056 7 880 7 817
8 041 8 056 7 880 7 817
6 107 6 218 6 161 6 060
1 934 1 838 1 719 1 757
1999 ........................................
March June September December
380 569 548 1 105
8 744 8 800 8 817 9 144
6 733 6 788 6 871 7 112
2 011 2 012 1 946 2 032
8 364 8 231 8 269 8 039
8 364 8 231 8 269 8 039
6 466 6 419 6 397 6 264
1 898 1 812 1 872 1 775
2000 ........................................
March June September December
818 541 146 336
8 906 8 764 8 724 8 690
6 988 6 975 6 834 6 862
1 918 1 789 1 890 1 828
8 088 8 223 8 578 8 354
8 088 8 223 8 578 8 354
6 361 6 509 6 719 6 582
1 727 1 714 1 859 1 772
2001 ........................................
March June September December
-101 -771 -1 380 -871
8 555 8 254 7 749 7 893
6 768 6 439 5 990 6 055
1 787 1 815 1 759 1 838
8 656 9 025 9 129 8 764
8 656 9 025 9 129 8 764
6 756 7 149 7 174 6 995
1 900 1 876 1 955 1 769
2002 ........................................
March June September December
-1 -80 -211 -175
8 128 8 050 7 763 7 702
6 324 6 246 6 083 6 059
1 804 1 804 1 680 1 643
8 129 8 130 7 974 7 877
8 129 8 130 7 974 7 877
6 400 6 411 6 345 6 267
1 729 1 719 1 629 1 610
2003 ........................................
March June September December
-404 -142 72 344
7 472 7 560 7 396 7 646
5 932 6 033 5 897 6 063
1 540 1 527 1 499 1 583
7 876 7 702 7 324 7 302
7 876 7 702 7 324 7 302
6 321 6 138 5 893 5 816
1 555 1 564 1 431 1 486
1Net
change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
219
Table 2-44. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, as a Percent of Employment,1 Seasonally Adjusted, 1992–2003 (Percent.) Gross job gains Year
3 months ended
Net change2
Total
Expanding establishments
Gross job losses
Opening establishments
Total
Expanding establishments
Closing establishments
1992 ........................................
September December
0.5 0.2
8.3 7.9
6.3 6.1
2.0 1.8
7.8 7.7
6.0 6.1
1.8 1.6
1993 ........................................
March June September December
0.3 0.8 0.9 0.6
8.1 8.1 8.2 8.0
6.0 6.4 6.4 6.3
2.1 1.7 1.8 1.7
7.8 7.3 7.3 7.4
6.0 5.7 5.8 5.9
1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5
1994 ........................................
March June September December
0.5 1.1 1.2 0.6
8.0 8.4 8.4 8.0
6.3 6.5 6.6 6.3
1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7
7.5 7.3 7.2 7.4
5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9
1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5
1995 ........................................
March June September December
0.8 0.5 0.8 0.4
8.1 8.0 8.2 8.1
6.4 6.2 6.5 6.3
1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8
7.3 7.5 7.4 7.7
5.9 6.0 5.8 6.1
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6
1996 ........................................
March June September December
0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3
6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4
1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
7.7 7.6 7.6 7.4
6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
1997 ........................................
March June September December
0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6
8.2 7.9 8.4 8.4
6.4 6.2 6.5 6.5
1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9
7.5 7.4 7.6 7.8
5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9
1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9
1998 ........................................
March June September December
0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7
8.5 8.4 8.2 8.1
6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4
2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7
7.8 7.8 7.5 7.4
5.9 6.0 5.9 5.7
1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7
1999 ........................................
March June September December
0.3 0.6 0.5 1.1
8.2 8.3 8.2 8.5
6.3 6.4 6.4 6.6
1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9
7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4
6.1 6.0 6.0 5.8
1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6
2000 ........................................
March June September December
0.8 0.4 0.1 0.3
8.2 7.9 7.9 7.9
6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2
1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7
7.4 7.5 7.8 7.6
5.8 5.9 6.1 6.0
1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6
2001 ........................................
March June September December
-0.1 -0.8 -1.3 -0.8
7.7 7.4 7.1 7.3
6.1 5.8 5.5 5.6
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7
7.8 8.2 8.4 8.1
6.1 6.5 6.6 6.5
1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
2002 ........................................
March June September December
0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2
7.6 7.5 7.3 7.1
5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6
1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5
7.5 7.6 7.4 7.3
5.9 6.0 5.9 5.8
1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5
2003 ........................................
March June September December
-0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.4
6.9 7.0 6.9 7.2
5.5 5.6 5.5 5.7
1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5
7.4 7.2 6.8 6.8
5.9 5.7 5.5 5.4
1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4
1The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the 2Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
previous and current employment.
220
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-45. Three–Month Private Sector Job Gains and Losses by Industry, Seasonally Adjusted, 2002–2003 (In thousands.) Gross job gains ( 3 months ended ) Year
December 2002
March 2003
June 2003
September 2003
Gross job losses ( 3 months ended ) December 2003
December 2002
March 2003
June 2003
September 2003
December 2003
TOTAL PRIVATE1 .............................................
7 702
7 472
7 560
7 396
7 646
7 877
7 876
7 702
7 324
7 302
Goods-producing ............................................. Natural resources and mining ............................ Construction ....................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................
1 652 294 778 580
1 692 310 782 600
1 657 299 811 547
1 605 272 784 549
1 665 286 793 586
1 889 297 800 792
1 932 309 829 794
1 897 294 822 781
1 755 292 762 701
1 697 285 761 651
Service-providing1 ........................................... Wholesale trade ................................................. Retail trade ......................................................... Transportation and warehousing ........................ Utilities ................................................................
6 050 321 1 057 239 13
5 780 320 962 227 15
5 903 314 1 039 230 14
5 791 308 1 019 235 16
5 981 317 1 061 227 14
5 988 348 1 109 270 23
5 944 348 1 060 237 15
5 805 334 996 283 19
5 569 323 989 239 19
5 605 320 1 016 237 16
Information ......................................................... Financial activities .............................................. Professional and business services ................... Education and health services .......................... Leisure and hospitality .......................................
174 488 1 422 776 1 151
166 442 1 406 760 1 083
153 455 1 367 745 1 166
149 444 1 356 731 1 125
172 436 1 438 744 1 161
208 451 1 450 659 1 126
201 428 1 469 680 1 161
194 418 1 416 698 1 105
185 417 1 287 670 1 095
166 462 1 302 659 1 097
Otrher services ...................................................
300
296
303
286
288
308
305
305
309
293
1Includes
unclassified sector, not shown separately.
PART THREE OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES HIGHLIGHTS This chapter presents employment and wages for over 400 occupations from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program.
Percentage of Total Employment and Mean Hourly Wages of Selected Major Occupational Groups, 2002 40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0 Computer and mathematical occupations
Management
Production Education, training, and library occupations
Percent of total employed
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Mean hourly wages in dollars
As would be expected, the higher paying occupations constitute a smaller proportion of total employment than the lower paid occupations. (Table 3-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • All the major categories of occupations moved up in the wage range scale having fewer employees in the lowest wages in 2002 than in 2001 and a somewhat higher proportion in the higher ranges. (Table 3-2) • In 2001 and 2002 management and legal occupations had the most employees in the highest wage range. Although legal occupations still had a greater percentage of employees in the highest wage range in 2002, management closed the gap. From 2001 to 2002, management increased its proportion in the highest wage range by nearly 3 percentage points while legal increased its proportion by less than 1 percent. (Table 3-2) • Computer and mathematical occupations were a distant third with 12.8 percent of employees in the highest wage range. Farming, fishing, and forestry had the lowest percentage of employees in the highest wage range with 0.1 percent in 2002. (Table 3-2) • The gap between the wages of the highest and the lowest paid major occupations increased from 423 percent to 459 percent from 2001 to 2002. (Table 3-1) • Wide variations exist even within the major occupations. For example, the mean hourly wage in management ranges from $14.62 to $64.89. (Table 3-3)
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NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is an annual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, by industry. The OES is a federalstate cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies (SWA). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while SWA collects the data. Scope of the Survey The OES survey is an annual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, by industry. The OES survey samples and contacts approximately 400,000 establishments each year and, over three years, contacts approximately 1.2 million establishments. The reference period for each year’s survey is the fourth quarter of that year. The nationwide response rate for the 2001 survey was 78 percent for establishment units and 71 percent for employment. While estimates can be made from a single year or two years of data, achieving the desired precision for OES survey estimates requires the full three years of sample. The full sample allows the production of estimates at fine levels of geographical, industrial, and occupational detail. Estimates from the 2001 survey are based on data collected from establishments for 1999, 2000, and 2001. In 1999, the OES survey began using the Office of Management and Budget’s occupational classification system—the Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC). The SOC system is the first OMBrequired occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES survey categorizes workers in one of about 770 detailed occupations. Together, these detailed occupations comprise 22 major occupational groups. The SOC is described in an article in the third edition of this Handbook. Concepts Employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an occupation across the industries in which it was reported. The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full-time or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom
the reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. The OES survey form sent to an establishment contains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the industry classification and size class of the sampled establishments. To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no survey form contains every SOC occupation. Thus, data for specific occupations are collected primarily from establishments within industries that are the predominant employers of labor in these occupations. Each survey form is structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide information for each detailed occupation employed at the establishment; that is, unlisted occupations can be added to the survey form. Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost of supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements. Mean wage is the estimated total wages for an occupation divided by its weighted survey employment. With the exception of the upper open-ended wage interval, interval L ($70.00 an hour and over in 2000), a mean wage value is calculated for each wage interval based on occupational wage data collected by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions. The mean wage value for the upper open-ended wage interval is its lower bound (Winsorized mean). These interval mean wage values are then attributed to all workers reported in the interval. For each occupation, total weighted wages in each interval are summed across all intervals and divided by the occupation’s weighted survey employment. The median wage is the wage at the midpoint of the distribution of wages. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a factory, store, or mine. The establishment is generally at a single physical location and is engaged primarily in one type of economic activity. The OES survey currently uses the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) to classify all establishments. Additional Information For additional data including area data see BLS news release UDL, 03-701, and BLS Bulletin 559, June 2003.
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
225
Table 3-1. Employment and Wages by Major Occupational Group, 2001–2002 (Number, percent, dollars.) 2001 Occupational group
Occupations Number
2002
Employment
Percent
Number
Percent
TOTAL .......................................................................
770
100.0
127980430
100.0
Management .............................................................. Business and financial operations ............................. Computer and mathematical ..................................... Architecture and engineering .................................... Life, physical, and social science ..............................
30 28 16 35 39
3.9 3.6 2.1 4.5 5.1
7 212 130 4 676 690 2 825 820 2 489 040 1 067 750
5.6 3.7 2.2 1.9 0.8
Community and social services ................................. Legal .......................................................................... Education, training, and library .................................. Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ......... Healthcare practitioner and technical ........................
14 9 58 37 46
1.8 1.2 7.5 4.8 6.0
1 523 940 909 360 7 658 800 1 508 730 6 118 880
Healthcare support .................................................... Protective service ...................................................... Food preparation and serving related ........................ Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ...... Personal care and service .........................................
15 20 16 9 33
1.9 2.6 2.1 1.2 4.3
Sales and related ....................................................... Office and administrative support .............................. Farming, fishing, and forestry .................................... Construction and extraction ....................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair .........................
21 56 13 58 53
Production ................................................................. Transportation and material moving ..........................
112 52
Mean hourly wage
Occupations Number
Employment
Percent
Number
Percent
Mean hourly wage
770
100.0
127523740
100.0
$34.04 24.32 29.02 27.08 23.90
30 28 16 35 39
3.9 3.6 2.1 4.5 5.1
7 092 460 4 772 120 2 772 620 2 411 260 1 078 630
5.6 3.7 2.2 1.9 0.8
$37.92 25.65 29.63 27.89 25.19
1.2 0.7 6.0 1.2 4.8
16.44 33.19 18.81 19.12 24.01
14 9 58 37 46
1.8 1.2 7.5 4.8 6.0
1 576 980 934 850 7 772 470 1 503 680 6 185 020
1.2 0.7 6.1 1.2 4.9
16.65 37.18 19.31 20.03 25.96
3 123 160 2 958 050 9 917 790 4 275 660 2 801 640
2.4 2.3 7.7 3.3 2.2
10.53 15.64 8.04 9.80 10.10
15 20 16 9 33
1.9 2.6 2.1 1.2 4.3
3 173 400 2 993 490 10 067 080 4 262 880 2 919 280
2.5 2.3 7.9 3.3 2.3
10.77 16.02 8.26 10.02 10.27
2.7 7.3 1.7 7.5 6.9
13 418 770 22 798 460 453 010 6 239 250 5 322 980
10.5 17.8 0.4 4.9 4.2
13.91 13.09 9.44 17.05 16.81
21 56 13 58 53
2.7 7.3 1.7 7.5 6.9
13 339 570 22 754 570 451 140 6 124 600 5 215 970
10.5 17.8 0.4 4.8 4.1
14.72 13.42 9.72 17.47 17.20
14.5 6.8
11 270 180 9 410 340
8.8 7.4
13.27 12.77
112 52
14.5 6.8
10 726 670 9 395 000
8.4 7.4
13.55 13.09
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-2. Distribution of Employment by Wage Range and Occupational Group, 2001–2002 (Percentage distribution.) Wage range (2001) Occupational group
Total
Under $8.50
$8.50 to $10.74
$10.75 to $13.49
$13.50 to $16.99
$17.00 to $21.49
$21.50 to $27.24
$27.25 to $34.49
$34.50 to $43.74
$43.75 and over
Management ...................................................................... Business and financial operations ..................................... Computer and mathematical .............................................. Architecture and engineering ............................................ Life, physical, and social science .......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.7 2.1 0.9 0.8 3.0
2.0 2.9 1.9 2.2 4.7
4.1 7.5 4.1 5.0 8.8
7.6 14.9 8.2 9.7 14.8
11.3 20.6 13.8 16.2 18.5
14.9 20.9 19.5 21.6 18.8
16.3 15.7 21.6 21.0 14.8
15.7 8.8 17.7 15.0 9.2
26.4 6.6 12.3 8.6 7.3
Community and social services ......................................... Legal .................................................................................. Education, training, and library .......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ................. Healthcare practitioner and technical ................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
8.5 1.7 13.3 15.5 3.5
12.3 3.1 9.0 10.7 5.8
18.9 7.2 10.3 12.4 9.3
21.4 11.8 15.6 14.9 14.9
18.3 14.3 18.6 15.0 20.8
12.5 12.4 16.3 13.2 19.7
5.7 10.2 9.9 8.5 11.3
1.7 11.0 4.4 4.8 5.6
0.8 28.4 2.6 5.0 9.0
Healthcare support ............................................................ Protective service .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related ................................ Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .............. Personal care and service .................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
31.3 20.3 71.3 46.9 53.3
30.3 14.7 15.5 23.4 20.0
21.1 14.3 7.7 14.7 10.4
11.3 14.2 3.4 8.7 6.7
4.5 14.4 1.4 4.4 4.8
1.0 12.0 0.4 1.3 2.5
0.3 6.9 0.1 0.4 1.1
0.1 2.5 ... 0.1 0.7
0.1 0.7 ... ... 0.5
Sales and related ............................................................... Office and administrative support ...................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ............................................ Construction and extraction ............................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair .................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
41.4 17.6 60.0 8.4 8.5
15.3 21.2 15.8 13.2 11.8
10.7 22.7 10.1 17.2 16.0
9.2 18.6 6.9 18.7 19.7
7.7 12.9 4.3 17.4 20.5
5.7 4.8 1.8 14.0 15.4
3.9 1.6 0.7 8.1 6.1
2.6 0.5 0.3 2.5 1.5
3.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.4
Production .......................................................................... Transportation and material moving ..................................
100.0 100.0
20.8 28.9
20.7 19.5
20.1 17.4
16.6 14.5
11.1 10.8
7.2 5.6
2.5 1.9
0.7 0.6
0.2 0.9
Wage range (2002) Occupational group
Total
Under $8.50
$8.50 to $10.74
$10.75 to $13.49
$13.50 to $16.99
$17.00 to $21.49
$21.50 to $27.24
$27.25 to $34.49
$34.50 to $43.74
$43.75 and over
Management ...................................................................... Business and financial operations ..................................... Computer and mathematical .............................................. Architecture and engineering ............................................ Life, physical, and social science .......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.6 1.9 0.9 0.7 2.5
1.7 2.5 1.8 2.0 4.3
3.5 6.6 3.8 4.7 8.1
6.8 13.7 7.7 9.2 14.0
10.6 19.9 13.5 15.3 18.0
14.4 21.1 19.4 21.2 19.0
16.2 16.6 21.7 20.9 15.2
16.0 9.7 18.4 16.1 10.0
29.2 7.9 12.8 9.8 8.8
Community and social services ......................................... Legal .................................................................................. Education, training, and library .......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ................. Healthcare practitioner and technical ................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
8.1 1.8 12.6 13.7 3.2
12.0 2.7 8.8 10.5 5.5
18.9 6.3 10.2 12.4 8.9
21.3 10.8 15.2 15.0 14.0
18.2 14.3 18.5 15.1 20.4
12.8 12.9 16.7 13.5 20.2
6.2 11.4 10.5 9.1 12.2
1.9 10.6 4.7 5.4 6.3
0.8 29.3 2.9 5.3 9.4
Healthcare support ............................................................ Protective service .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related ................................ Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .............. Personal care and service .................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
27.7 18.3 68.2 43.9 50.9
30.5 14.4 17.0 24.3 20.8
22.6 15.6 8.5 15.7 11.3
12.7 14.2 3.9 9.2 7.0
4.8 13.8 1.7 4.7 4.7
1.2 12.7 0.5 1.6 2.6
0.3 7.4 0.2 0.4 1.2
0.1 2.9 0.1 0.1 0.7
... 0.8 ... ... 0.6
Sales and related ............................................................... Office and administrative support ...................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ............................................ Construction and extraction ............................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair .................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
38.4 16.0 57.1 7.8 7.9
16.2 20.2 17.3 12.4 11.0
11.1 22.8 10.6 16.6 15.6
9.4 19.1 7.2 18.6 19.4
8.0 13.8 4.4 17.6 20.4
6.1 5.4 2.0 14.4 16.2
4.2 1.8 0.8 8.8 7.0
2.9 0.6 0.3 3.0 1.8
3.8 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.5
Production .......................................................................... Transportation and material moving ..................................
100.0 100.0
19.4 27.5
20.4 19.4
20.1 17.7
16.8 14.6
11.5 11.0
7.7 6.2
3.0 2.1
0.8 0.7
0.2 0.9
. . . = Not available.
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
227
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002 (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
MANAGEMENT OCCUPATIONS Chief executives ............................................................................................................................................................... General and operations managers ................................................................................................................................... Legislators ........................................................................................................................................................................ Advertising and promotions managers ............................................................................................................................. Marketing managers .........................................................................................................................................................
452 400 1 998 350 64 650 81 090 192 080
64.89 40.19 14.62 33.27 41.91
134 960 83 590 30 420 69 200 87 170
60.70 32.80 7.32 27.47 37.62
Sales managers ................................................................................................................................................................ Public relations managers ................................................................................................................................................ Administrative services managers .................................................................................................................................... Computer and information systems managers ................................................................................................................. Financial managers ..........................................................................................................................................................
328 060 62 640 306 370 264 790 563 020
41.40 33.59 28.54 43.48 39.94
86 110 69 870 59 350 90 440 83 080
36.08 29.15 25.24 40.98 35.26
Human resources managers ............................................................................................................................................ Industrial production managers ........................................................................................................................................ Purchasing managers ....................................................................................................................................................... Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ......................................................................................................... Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers ..................................................................................................................
193 360 173 960 105 010 107 400 5 630
34.12 35.09 31.85 31.29 23.65
70 960 72 980 66 250 65 070 49 200
31.11 32.37 28.79 28.68 21.03
Construction managers ..................................................................................................................................................... Education administrators, preschool, and child care center/program ............................................................................... Education administrators, elementary, and secondary school ......................................................................................... Education administrators, postsecondary ......................................................................................................................... Engineering managers ......................................................................................................................................................
208 360 52 700 204 340 96 910 205 390
34.24 18.84
30.53 16.03
34.44 46.03
71 210 39 190 74 050 71 630 95 750
Food service managers .................................................................................................................................................... Funeral directors ............................................................................................................................................................... Gaming managers ............................................................................................................................................................ Lodging managers ............................................................................................................................................................ Medical and health services managers ............................................................................................................................
249 710 21 740 3 760 31 170 228 290
19.75 24.83 29.29 18.32 33.35
41 090 51 650 60 910 38 110 69 370
17.21 20.85 26.12 16.33 29.50
Natural sciences managers .............................................................................................................................................. Postmasters and mail superintendents ............................................................................................................................. Property, real estate, and community association managers ........................................................................................... Social and community service managers .........................................................................................................................
42 470 26 470 156 290 111 480
43.46 23.36 22.30 22.55
90 400 48 590 46 390 46 900
39.54 23.34 17.73 20.71
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes ................................................................................ Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products ................................................................................................................. Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products .......................................................................................................... Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products ...................................................................................... Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators ...............................................................................................................
11 590 16 570 138 380 231 490 211 960
33.16 22.56 22.43 23.21 22.11
68 970 46 930 46 650 48 270 45 990
26.79 19.66 19.60 21.68 20.68
Insurance appraisers, auto damage ................................................................................................................................. Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation .......................................... Cost estimators ................................................................................................................................................................. Emergency management specialists ................................................................................................................................ Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists .......................................................................................................
13 270 146 670 185 080 10 700 168 550
20.97 23.29 24.67 22.75 22.14
43 620 48 450 51 310 47 320 46 050
20.50 21.54 22.86 20.94 18.95
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists ....................................................................................................... Training and development specialists ............................................................................................................................... Management analysts ....................................................................................................................................................... Meeting and convention planners ..................................................................................................................................... Accountants and auditors .................................................................................................................................................
85 880 198 910 392 670 32 380 888 690
23.04 22.11 33.73 19.72 25.59
47 920 46 000 70 160 41 020 53 230
21.68 20.58 29.01 17.99 22.60
Appraisers and assessors of real estate ........................................................................................................................... Budget analysts ................................................................................................................................................................ Credit analysts .................................................................................................................................................................. Financial analysts ............................................................................................................................................................. Personal financial advisors ...............................................................................................................................................
57 160 58 900 65 700 159 920 77 010
22.18 26.67 23.81 32.30 37.72
46 120 55 470 49 530 67 180 78 460
20.08 25.23 20.63 27.45 27.25
Insurance underwriters ..................................................................................................................................................... Financial examiners .......................................................................................................................................................... Loan counselors ............................................................................................................................................................... Loan officers ..................................................................................................................................................................... Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents ...............................................................................................................
95 620 23 890 29 780 218 470 69 320
24.49 29.60 17.52 25.08 21.99
50 940 61 570 36 450 52 160 45 730
21.92 27.03 15.39 21.15 20.31
Tax preparers ...................................................................................................................................................................
54 330
15.21
31 630
12.32
Computer and information scientists, research ................................................................................................................ Computer programmers .................................................................................................................................................... Computer software engineers, applications ...................................................................................................................... Computer software engineers, systems software ............................................................................................................. Computer support specialists ...........................................................................................................................................
24 410 457 320 356 760 255 040 478 560
38.71 30.62 35.48 36.46 20.35
80 510 63 690 73 800 75 840 42 320
37.38 28.98 34.09 35.60 18.80
Computer systems analysts .............................................................................................................................................. Database administrators ................................................................................................................................................... Network and computer systems administrators ................................................................................................................ Network systems and data communications analysts ...................................................................................................... Actuaries ...........................................................................................................................................................................
467 750 102 090 232 560 133 460 14 440
31.20 28.41 27.70 29.51 38.84
64 890 59 080 57 620 61 390 80 780
30.24 26.68 26.35 28.09 33.64
(2)
(2)
31.08 43.71
BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS
COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. 2Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.
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Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Mathematicians ................................................................................................................................................................. Operations research analysts ........................................................................................................................................... Statisticians ....................................................................................................................................................................... Mathematical technicians .................................................................................................................................................
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
2 600 56 310 17 820 1 970
36.35 29.27 28.85 20.64
75 610 60 890 60 000 42 920
36.77 27.36 27.44 17.56
Architects, except landscape and naval ........................................................................................................................... Landscape architects ........................................................................................................................................................ Cartographers and photogrammetrists ............................................................................................................................. Surveyors .......................................................................................................................................................................... Aerospace engineers ........................................................................................................................................................
87 700 17 460 8 040 53 340 74 210
30.06 25.02 21.72 20.50 35.63
62 530 52 050 45 180 42 630 74 110
27.22 22.79 20.61 19.22 34.97
Agricultural engineers ....................................................................................................................................................... Biomedical engineers ....................................................................................................................................................... Chemical engineers .......................................................................................................................................................... Civil engineers .................................................................................................................................................................. Computer hardware engineers .........................................................................................................................................
2 500 7 130 32 110 207 480 67 180
26.79 30.97 36.06 30.29 36.61
55 730 64 420 75 010 63 010 76 150
24.38 29.04 34.85 28.88 34.69
Electrical engineers .......................................................................................................................................................... Electronics engineers, except computer ........................................................................................................................... Environmental engineers .................................................................................................................................................. Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors ................................................................. Industrial engineers ..........................................................................................................................................................
146 180 126 020 45 720 34 160 151 760
33.88 34.43 30.50 28.77 30.57
70 480 71 600 63 440 59 830 63 590
32.78 33.62 29.52 27.89 29.88
Marine engineers and naval architects ............................................................................................................................. Materials engineers .......................................................................................................................................................... Mechanical engineers ....................................................................................................................................................... Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers ............................................................................... Nuclear engineers .............................................................................................................................................................
4 810 22 780 203 620 5 050 15 180
32.83 30.92 31.33 31.14 39.57
68 280 64 310 65 170 64 770 82 300
32.04 30.09 30.23 29.70 39.11
Petroleum engineers ......................................................................................................................................................... Architectural and civil drafters ........................................................................................................................................... Electrical and electronics drafters ..................................................................................................................................... Mechanical drafters .......................................................................................................................................................... Aerospace engineering and operations technicians .........................................................................................................
11 130 101 190 35 470 68 280 14 700
41.13 18.78 21.16 20.71 25.48
85 540 39 060 44 020 43 080 52 990
40.08 17.95 19.76 19.58 24.83
Civil engineering technicians ............................................................................................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians ............................................................................................................. Electro-mechanical technicians ........................................................................................................................................ Environmental engineering technicians ............................................................................................................................ Industrial engineering technicians ....................................................................................................................................
88 380 194 960 30 360 18 770 59 700
18.71 21.26 19.20 18.93 21.79
38 910 44 210 39 930 39 380 45 310
18.13 20.65 18.33 17.72 20.15
Mechanical engineering technicians ................................................................................................................................. Surveying and mapping technicians .................................................................................................................................
53 630 55 670
20.60 15.27
42 850 31 760
19.85 14.05
Agricultural and food scientists ......................................................................................................................................... Biochemists and biophysicists .......................................................................................................................................... Microbiologists .................................................................................................................................................................. Zoologists and wildlife biologists ....................................................................................................................................... Conservation scientists .....................................................................................................................................................
14 920 15 190 14 730 12 970 13 600
25.38 31.55 26.78 23.68 24.43
52 800 65 620 55 700 49 250 50 820
23.40 29.03 24.53 22.95 24.20
Foresters ........................................................................................................................................................................... Epidemiologists ................................................................................................................................................................. Medical scientists, except epidemiologists ....................................................................................................................... Astronomers ..................................................................................................................................................................... Physicists ..........................................................................................................................................................................
9 760 3 760 53 840 900 11 480
23.11 27.98 31.83 38.71 42.08
48 060 58 190 66 200 80 510 87 530
22.47 25.89 27.40 39.27 40.88
Atmospheric and space scientists .................................................................................................................................... Chemists ........................................................................................................................................................................... Materials scientists ........................................................................................................................................................... Environmental scientists and specialists, including health ............................................................................................... Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers .......................................................................................................
7 210 82 050 7 090 60 380 26 130
29.33 27.72 32.33 24.51 37.83
61 000 57 670 67 240 50 970 78 690
28.94 25.43 31.05 22.88 32.44
Hydrologists ...................................................................................................................................................................... Economists ....................................................................................................................................................................... Market research analysts .................................................................................................................................................. Survey researchers ........................................................................................................................................................... Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists .................................................................................................................
7 390 13 290 122 000 18 350 100 560
28.28 36.62 28.97 14.60 27.18
58 820 76 180 60 260 30 360 56 540
27.18 32.96 25.87 10.67 24.60
Industrial-organizational psychologists ............................................................................................................................. Sociologists ....................................................................................................................................................................... Urban and regional planners ............................................................................................................................................ Anthropologists and archeologists .................................................................................................................................... Geographers .....................................................................................................................................................................
1 360 2 630 30 460 4 410 740
33.49 27.17 24.98 20.38 26.10
69 670 56 520 51 960 42 380 54 290
30.63 25.56 23.98 18.57 25.68
Historians .......................................................................................................................................................................... Political scientists .............................................................................................................................................................. Agricultural and food science technicians ......................................................................................................................... Biological technicians ....................................................................................................................................................... Chemical technicians ........................................................................................................................................................
2 110 5 300 15 990 45 630 67 230
21.68 38.48 14.91 16.65 18.70
45 090 80 040 31 010 34 630 38 890
20.21 38.73 13.74 15.73 18.00
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS
LIFE, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
229
OCCOCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Geological and petroleum technicians .............................................................................................................................. Nuclear technicians .......................................................................................................................................................... Environmental science and protection technicians, including health ................................................................................ Forensic science technicians ............................................................................................................................................ Forest and conservation technicians ................................................................................................................................
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
10 690 5 620 26 380 7 830 17 160
19.94 29.43 17.96 20.81 15.72
41 470 61 220 37 370 43 280 32 700
18.96 28.84 16.98 19.73 14.90
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors ..................................................................................................... Educational, vocational, and school counselors ............................................................................................................... Marriage and family therapists .......................................................................................................................................... Mental health counselors .................................................................................................................................................. Rehabilitation counselors ..................................................................................................................................................
63 310 208 340 22 130 81 030 110 580
15.32 22.19 18.45 15.77 13.75
31 860 46 160 38 370 32 800 28 590
14.51 21.20 17.11 14.39 12.43
Child, family, and school social workers ........................................................................................................................... Medical and public health social workers ......................................................................................................................... Mental health and substance abuse social workers ......................................................................................................... Health educators ............................................................................................................................................................... Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists .................................................................................................
259 990 103 180 91 240 43 240 78 990
17.14 18.71 16.76 18.84 19.81
35 640 38 920 34 860 39 190 41 210
15.94 17.97 15.79 17.43 18.44
Social and human service assistants ................................................................................................................................ Clergy ............................................................................................................................................................................... Directors, religious activities and education ......................................................................................................................
291 410 36 450 13 120
12.04 17.35 15.54
25 040 36 080 32 330
11.24 15.92 13.47
Lawyers ............................................................................................................................................................................ Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers .......................................................................................... Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators ............................................................................................................................ Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates .................................................................................................................... Paralegals and legal assistants ........................................................................................................................................
504 370 16 700 5 090 25 100 193 300
50.91 32.76 26.91 40.97 19.51
105 890 68 130 55 970 85 210 40 590
43.41 31.03 22.75 45.23 18.25
Court reporters .................................................................................................................................................................. Law clerks ......................................................................................................................................................................... Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers .....................................................................................................................
15 270 41 760 48 060
21.59 15.42 17.93
44 910 32 070 37 300
19.98 14.65 15.68
Business teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................................................... Computer science teachers, postsecondary ..................................................................................................................... Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................................... Architecture teachers, postsecondary .............................................................................................................................. Engineering teachers, postsecondary ..............................................................................................................................
66 520 32 990 41 140 5 290 29 310
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
61 400 55 330 55 060 61 930 73 100
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................................. Biological science teachers, postsecondary ..................................................................................................................... Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary ........................................................................................... Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary ..................................................................... Chemistry teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................................................................
11 070 47 150 2 350 8 270 17 670
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
67 660 67 750 68 030 67 320 60 800
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................................. Physics teachers, postsecondary ..................................................................................................................................... Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................... Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................. Economics teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................................................
3 760 11 940 4 490 6 040 11 560
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
63 380 66 960 62 910 61 180 68 370
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Geography teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................................................ Political science teachers, postsecondary ........................................................................................................................ Psychology teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................................................... Sociology teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................................................................. Health specialties teachers, postsecondary .....................................................................................................................
3 920 11 910 25 790 13 580 85 770
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
59 790 62 110 58 680 56 510 72 820
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................................. Education teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................................................................. Library science teachers, postsecondary ......................................................................................................................... Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary ....................................................................................... Law teachers, postsecondary ...........................................................................................................................................
36 500 42 300 3 760 8 870 10 260
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
52 970 52 240 54 480 48 890 88 020
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Social work teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................................................... Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary .............................................................................................................. Communications teachers, postsecondary ....................................................................................................................... English language and literature teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................ Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................
6 480 58 130 19 660 55 150 19 730
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
56 070 52 350 52 050 51 310 50 410
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
History teachers, postsecondary ...................................................................................................................................... Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................................ Graduate teaching assistants ........................................................................................................................................... Home economics teachers, postsecondary ...................................................................................................................... Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................................
17 500 14 480 128 470 4 490 14 650
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
56 200 53 760 25 420 53 650 46 480
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................................................ Preschool teachers, except special education .................................................................................................................. Kindergarten teachers, except special education ............................................................................................................. Elementary school teachers, except special education .................................................................................................... Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education ...................................................................................
119 350 367 300 162 560 1 443 160 582 620
20.35 10.45
42 340 21 730 42 040 44 080 44 110
18.71 9.26
COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
LEGAL OCCUPATIONS
EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND LIBRARY OCCUPATIONS
1Annual
(2) (2) (2)
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.
2Hourly
(2) (2) (2)
230
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
Vocational education teachers, middle school .................................................................................................................. Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education ............................................................................. Vocational education teachers, secondary school ............................................................................................................ Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school ................................................................. Special education teachers, middle school .......................................................................................................................
17 730 984 600 106 920 211 530 89 350
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
44 650 46 010 45 850 45 510 44 150
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Special education teachers, secondary school ................................................................................................................. Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors ............................................................................. Self-enrichment education teachers ................................................................................................................................. Archivists, curators, and museum technicians .................................................................................................................. Librarians ..........................................................................................................................................................................
134 870 61 440 136 780 20 100 156 920
(2)
19.94 15.82 19.11 21.36
47 270 41 470 32 910 39 750 44 430
17.50 14.09 16.96 20.72
Library technicians ............................................................................................................................................................ Audio-visual collections specialists ................................................................................................................................... Farm and home management advisors ............................................................................................................................ Instructional coordinators .................................................................................................................................................. Teacher assistants ............................................................................................................................................................
111 240 9 040 12 760 90 350 1 227 220
12.16 17.01 20.12 23.80
Art directors ...................................................................................................................................................................... Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators ................................................................................................ Multi-media artists and animators ..................................................................................................................................... Commercial and industrial designers ................................................................................................................................ Fashion designers ............................................................................................................................................................
(2)
11.58 15.56 18.96 22.77
(2)
25 280 35 370 41 850 49 510 19 930
23 200 10 280 34 150 35 270 10 310
33.55 21.03 24.45 26.04 28.93
69 790 43 750 50 860 54 160 60 160
29.74 16.95 21.14 25.12 24.66
Floral designers ................................................................................................................................................................ Graphic designers ............................................................................................................................................................. Interior designers .............................................................................................................................................................. Merchandise displayers and window trimmers ................................................................................................................. Set and exhibit designers .................................................................................................................................................
66 480 141 830 40 670 53 350 8 280
9.90 19.89 21.04 12.25 17.91
20 600 41 380 43 770 25 470 37 250
9.37 17.64 18.84 10.84 16.28
Actors ................................................................................................................................................................................ Producers and directors .................................................................................................................................................... Athletes and sports competitors ....................................................................................................................................... Coaches and scouts ......................................................................................................................................................... Umpires, referees, and other sports officials ....................................................................................................................
52 560 50 780 10 400 87 720 9 190
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
42 820 61 500 92 540 34 170 27 010
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Dancers ............................................................................................................................................................................ Choreographers ................................................................................................................................................................ Music directors and composers ........................................................................................................................................ Musicians and singers ...................................................................................................................................................... Announcers .......................................................................................................................................................................
16 580 15 320 8 980 53 940 49 790
13.17 16.24
10.14 14.17
14.03
27 390 33 790 39 270 48 240 29 190
News analysts, reporters and correspondents ................................................................................................................. Public relations specialists ................................................................................................................................................ Editors ............................................................................................................................................................................... Technical writers ............................................................................................................................................................... Writers and authors ..........................................................................................................................................................
61 100 136 360 106 520 44 780 41 990
18.83 22.40 22.60 25.63 24.18
39 160 46 590 47 010 53 310 50 300
14.67 20.05 19.79 24.32 20.57
Interpreters and translators ............................................................................................................................................... Audio and video equipment technicians ........................................................................................................................... Broadcast technicians ....................................................................................................................................................... Radio operators ................................................................................................................................................................ Sound engineering technicians .........................................................................................................................................
18 600 35 770 31 520 2 510 11 110
16.78 17.57 16.44 16.53 22.00
34 900 36 550 34 200 34 380 45 750
15.67 14.96 13.35 15.16 17.77
Photographers .................................................................................................................................................................. Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture .................................................................................................. Film and video editors .......................................................................................................................................................
63 140 21 370 15 180
13.85 17.73 21.42
28 810 36 880 44 540
11.56 15.73 18.40
Chiropractors .................................................................................................................................................................... Dentists ............................................................................................................................................................................. Dietitians and nutritionists ................................................................................................................................................. Optometrists ..................................................................................................................................................................... Pharmacists ......................................................................................................................................................................
20 630 92 460 45 150 23 040 219 390
40.12 64.11 20.16 45.89 36.13
83 440 133 350 41 920 95 440 75 140
31.41 59.24 19.79 41.39 37.04
Anesthesiologists .............................................................................................................................................................. Family and general practitioners ....................................................................................................................................... Internists, general ............................................................................................................................................................. Obstetricians and gynecologists ....................................................................................................................................... Pediatricians, general .......................................................................................................................................................
24 780 115 020 50 380 19 970 27 320
87.22 65.51 76.13 86.37 68.44
181 420 136 260 158 350 179 640 142 360
Psychiatrists ...................................................................................................................................................................... Surgeons .......................................................................................................................................................................... Physician assistants ......................................................................................................................................................... Podiatrists ......................................................................................................................................................................... Registered nurses .............................................................................................................................................................
19 750 51 580 61 910 7 490 2 239 530
65.01 91.15 30.53 51.65 23.96
135 220 189 590 63 490 107 430 49 840
31.09 45.61 23.12
Audiologists ...................................................................................................................................................................... Occupational therapists .................................................................................................................................................... Physical therapists ............................................................................................................................................................ Radiation therapists .......................................................................................................................................................... Recreational therapists .....................................................................................................................................................
10 180 78 580 130 290 13 510 26 130
24.92 25.50 28.93 28.90 15.23
51 840 53 040 60 180 60 110 31 670
23.27 24.99 27.56 24.35 14.68
(2)
ART, DESIGN, ENTERTAINMENT, SPORTS, AND MEDIA OCCUPATIONS
(2) (2)
(2) (2)
9.91
HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. 2Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. 3Median hourly wage is equal to or greater than $70.00 per hour.
(3)
62.79 (3) (3)
64.11 62.95 (3)
231
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
Respiratory therapists ....................................................................................................................................................... Speech-language pathologists ......................................................................................................................................... Veterinarians ..................................................................................................................................................................... Medical and clinical laboratory technologists .................................................................................................................... Medical and clinical laboratory technicians .......................................................................................................................
85 350 87 030 42 900 146 480 144 120
19.57 24.75 35.44 21.00 14.58
40 700 51 490 73 720 43 670 30 330
19.34 23.77 30.33 20.63 13.96
Dental hygienists .............................................................................................................................................................. Cardiovascular technologists and technicians .................................................................................................................. Diagnostic medical sonographers ..................................................................................................................................... Nuclear medicine technologists ........................................................................................................................................ Radiologic technologists and technicians .........................................................................................................................
148 530 42 870 36 530 17 090 173 540
27.78 18.12 23.90 25.13 19.30
57 790 37 680 49 710 52 260 40 150
26.59 17.52 23.40 23.44 18.74
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics ............................................................................................................. Dietetic technicians ........................................................................................................................................................... Pharmacy technicians ....................................................................................................................................................... Psychiatric technicians ..................................................................................................................................................... Respiratory therapy technicians .......................................................................................................................................
178 700 28 910 207 380 58 600 26 220
12.78 11.59 11.15 13.49 16.79
26 570 24 100 23 200 28 060 34 930
11.55 10.81 10.70 12.36 16.41
Surgical technologists ....................................................................................................................................................... Veterinary technologists and technicians ......................................................................................................................... Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ........................................................................................................... Medical records and health information technicians ......................................................................................................... Opticians, dispensing ........................................................................................................................................................
72 040 54 040 692 290 145 270 61 790
15.36 11.56 15.53 12.49 13.38
31 960 24 050 32 300 25 980 27 830
15.00 11.03 15.12 11.49 12.31
Orthotists and prosthetists ................................................................................................................................................ Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians ............................................................................................. Athletic trainers .................................................................................................................................................................
4 480 39 060 13 500
25.68 22.85
53 410 47 530 36 070
22.24 22.12
(2)
Home health aides ............................................................................................................................................................ Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants .......................................................................................................................... Psychiatric aides ............................................................................................................................................................... Occupational therapist assistants ..................................................................................................................................... Occupational therapist aides ............................................................................................................................................
569 670 1 329 310 56 260 17 970 8 040
9.16 9.87 11.42 17.76 11.78
19 050 20 540 23 760 36 950 24 510
8.70 9.59 11.04 17.62 10.60
Physical therapist assistants ............................................................................................................................................. Physical therapist aides .................................................................................................................................................... Massage therapists ........................................................................................................................................................... Dental assistants .............................................................................................................................................................. Medical assistants ............................................................................................................................................................
50 430 37 330 27 160 268 220 361 960
17.48 10.63 16.21 13.42 11.93
36 360 22 120 33 720 27 910 24 810
17.34 9.94 13.75 13.10 11.51
Medical equipment preparers ........................................................................................................................................... Medical transcriptionists ................................................................................................................................................... Pharmacy aides ................................................................................................................................................................ Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers ...................................................................................................
35 490 99 160 58 020 62 740
11.50 13.33 9.47 9.07
23 910 27 730 19 700 18 870
11.04 13.05 8.86 8.55
First-line supervisors, managers of correctional officers .................................................................................................. First-line supervisors, managers of police and detectives ................................................................................................ First-line supervisors, managers of fire fighting and prevention workers .......................................................................... Fire fighters ....................................................................................................................................................................... Fire inspectors and investigators ......................................................................................................................................
31 210 109 530 60 900 273 850 12 140
22.59 29.64 27.28 18.04 22.11
47 000 61 650 56 750 37 530 46 000
21.60 29.33 26.66 17.42 21.64
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists .............................................................................................................. Bailiffs ............................................................................................................................................................................... Correctional officers and jailers ........................................................................................................................................ Detectives and criminal investigators ............................................................................................................................... Fish and game wardens ...................................................................................................................................................
1 450 14 390 400 190 88 460 7 080
19.58 16.47 16.66 25.46 21.12
40 720 34 250 34 650 52 960 43 920
18.04 15.73 15.71 24.71 19.72
Parking enforcement workers ........................................................................................................................................... Police and sheriff’s patrol officers ..................................................................................................................................... Transit and railroad police ................................................................................................................................................ Animal control workers ..................................................................................................................................................... Private detectives and investigators .................................................................................................................................
10 180 597 650 6 010 10 420 31 170
14.07 20.86 22.00 12.49 16.47
29 260 43 390 45 750 25 980 34 250
13.52 20.32 21.01 11.91 14.09
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators .................................................................................................... Security guards ................................................................................................................................................................. Crossing guards ................................................................................................................................................................
8 760 977 650 73 020
11.79 10.13 9.79
24 520 21 060 20 370
11.11 9.20 8.98
Chefs and head cooks ...................................................................................................................................................... First-line supervisors, managers of food preparation and serving workers ...................................................................... Cooks, fast food ................................................................................................................................................................ Cooks, institution and cafeteria ......................................................................................................................................... Cooks, restaurant .............................................................................................................................................................
120 430 661 050 582 630 416 710 715 520
15.38 12.78 7.18 9.23 9.54
32 000 26 590 14 930 19 190 19 850
13.43 11.73 6.90 8.72 9.16
Cooks, short order ............................................................................................................................................................ Food preparation workers ................................................................................................................................................. Bartenders ........................................................................................................................................................................ Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food .............................................................................. Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop ....................................................................................
223 030 836 540 453 390 2 000 070 466 270
8.24 8.27 8.12 7.28 7.74
17 130 17 200 16 900 15 150 16 090
7.82 7.85 7.21 6.97 7.32
(2)
HEALTHCARE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS
PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING–RELATED OCCUPATIONS
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. 2Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.
232
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Waiters and waitresses ..................................................................................................................................................... Food servers, nonrestaurant ............................................................................................................................................. Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers ........................................................................................... Dishwashers ..................................................................................................................................................................... Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ..............................................................................................
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
2 086 120 193 980 404 210 499 070 295 170
7.58 8.21 7.37 7.41 7.76
15 770 17 070 15 330 15 410 16 130
6.80 7.52 6.99 7.15 7.36
First-line supervisors, managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers ..................................................................... First-line supervisors, managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers ........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners ................................................................................... Maids and housekeeping cleaners ................................................................................................................................... Pest control workers .........................................................................................................................................................
204 710 95 600 2 052 090 912 340 57 370
14.63 17.41 9.69 8.33 12.58
30 430 36 220 20 150 17 330 26 180
13.53 15.89 8.77 7.90 11.90
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ...................................................................................................................... Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation ................................................................................................ Tree trimmers and pruners ...............................................................................................................................................
792 170 22 000 43 530
10.33 12.48 12.92
21 490 25 960 26 870
9.51 11.94 12.07
Gaming supervisors .......................................................................................................................................................... Slot key persons ............................................................................................................................................................... First-line supervisors, managers of personal service workers .......................................................................................... Animal trainers .................................................................................................................................................................. Nonfarm animal caretakers ...............................................................................................................................................
25 610 14 380 106 680 6 780 86 700
19.32 11.80 15.45 13.08 9.01
40 180 24 540 32 130 27 210 18 750
18.89 11.00 13.92 11.03 8.21
Gaming dealers ................................................................................................................................................................ Gaming and sports book writers and runners ................................................................................................................... Motion picture projectionists ............................................................................................................................................. Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers ...................................................................................................................... Amusement and recreation attendants .............................................................................................................................
75 690 13 820 9 600 106 050 225 100
7.82 9.95 9.82 7.93 7.87
16 270 20 700 20 420 16 490 16 360
6.78 8.97 7.97 7.02 7.18
Costume attendants .......................................................................................................................................................... Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants ................................................................................................... Embalmers ........................................................................................................................................................................ Funeral attendants ............................................................................................................................................................ Barbers .............................................................................................................................................................................
3 660 21 660 6 790 25 950 18 350
12.93 8.55 17.38 9.52 10.77
26 890 17 780 36 160 19 800 22 390
11.62 8.14 16.46 8.75 9.40
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists .................................................................................................................. Makeup artists, theatrical and performance ...................................................................................................................... Manicurists and pedicurists .............................................................................................................................................. Shampooers ..................................................................................................................................................................... Skin care specialists .........................................................................................................................................................
330 730 830 31 350 15 410 15 580
10.63 15.44 9.04 7.30 12.33
22 110 32 120 18 810 15 190 25 650
9.12 11.89 8.33 6.91 10.80
Baggage porters and bellhops .......................................................................................................................................... Concierges ........................................................................................................................................................................ Tour guides and escorts ................................................................................................................................................... Travel guides .................................................................................................................................................................... Flight attendants ...............................................................................................................................................................
57 650 16 770 28 480 4 960 104 360
10.79 11.39 9.63 14.25
8.58 10.44 8.90 12.55
(2)
22 440 23 680 20 040 29 640 50 460
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters ........................................................................ Child care workers ............................................................................................................................................................ Personal and home care aides ......................................................................................................................................... Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors .......................................................................................................................... Recreation workers ...........................................................................................................................................................
26 580 456 260 451 040 169 920 267 930
10.07 8.32 8.07 14.38 9.89
20 940 17 310 16 790 29 910 20 580
9.00 7.86 7.81 11.51 8.69
Residential advisors ..........................................................................................................................................................
48 530
10.77
22 410
9.95
First-line supervisors, managers of retail sales workers ................................................................................................... First-line supervisors, managers of non-retail sales workers ............................................................................................ Cashiers ............................................................................................................................................................................ Gaming change persons and booth cashiers ................................................................................................................... Counter and rental clerks ..................................................................................................................................................
1 197 190 325 450 3 375 510 32 930 425 380
16.72 30.90 8.02 9.66 9.64
34 770 64 270 16 680 20 090 20 040
14.28 25.49 7.41 9.42 8.31
Parts salespersons ........................................................................................................................................................... Retail salespersons .......................................................................................................................................................... Advertising sales agents ................................................................................................................................................... Insurance sales agents ..................................................................................................................................................... Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ..........................................................................................
243 170 3 894 760 141 360 274 830 254 600
12.82 10.46 22.89 25.86 41.21
26 670 21 750 47 610 53 800 85 710
11.51 8.51 18.11 19.59 29.32
Travel agents .................................................................................................................................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products .................................................. Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products ...................................... Demonstrators and product promoters ............................................................................................................................. Models ..............................................................................................................................................................................
104 550 371 580 1 375 380 101 420 2 260
13.64 30.51 24.58 12.19 12.15
28 370 63 460 51 130 25 360 25 280
12.80 26.80 20.54 9.80 10.29
Real estate brokers ........................................................................................................................................................... Real estate sales agents .................................................................................................................................................. Sales engineers ................................................................................................................................................................ Telemarketers ................................................................................................................................................................... Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers ....................................................................
40 810 125 960 79 300 419 740 25 780
34.68 20.42 33.27 10.74 14.48
72 130 42 470 69 200 22 330 30 120
24.20 14.87 30.61 9.40 12.18
BUILDING AND GROUNDS CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OCCUPATIONS
PERSONAL CARE AND SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
(2)
SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.
2Hourly
233
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS First-line supervisors, managers of office and administrative support workers ................................................................ Switchboard operators, including answering service ........................................................................................................ Telephone operators ......................................................................................................................................................... Bill and account collectors ................................................................................................................................................ Billing and posting clerks and machine operators ............................................................................................................
1 400 240 226 890 46 420 407 280 491 000
20.22 10.56 14.11 13.62 13.04
42 060 21 970 29 340 28 330 27 120
18.66 10.19 13.75 12.88 12.55
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .................................................................................................................. Gaming cage workers ....................................................................................................................................................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ......................................................................................................................................... Procurement clerks ........................................................................................................................................................... Tellers ...............................................................................................................................................................................
1 728 730 18 320 191 500 73 570 526 750
13.77 10.77 14.50 14.61 9.97
28 650 22 400 30 150 30 380 20 750
13.16 10.47 13.94 14.23 9.81
Brokerage clerks ............................................................................................................................................................... Correspondence clerks ..................................................................................................................................................... Court, municipal, and license clerks ................................................................................................................................. Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ........................................................................................................................... Customer service representatives ....................................................................................................................................
75 480 32 160 99 010 79 400 1 854 750
17.09 13.01 14.04 13.92 13.58
35 540 27 060 29 210 28 960 28 240
15.97 12.48 13.12 12.83 12.62
Eligibility interviewers, government programs .................................................................................................................. File clerks .......................................................................................................................................................................... Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ................................................................................................................................. Interviewers, except eligibility and loan ............................................................................................................................ Library assistants, clerical .................................................................................................................................................
89 400 258 680 176 140 190 390 113 760
15.59 10.19 8.71 11.07 10.04
32 440 21 190 18 110 23 020 20 880
14.91 9.63 8.35 10.43 9.35
Loan interviewers and clerks ............................................................................................................................................ New accounts clerks ......................................................................................................................................................... Order clerks ...................................................................................................................................................................... Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping ......................................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks ................................................................................................................................
163 660 97 770 327 120 167 480 1 063 020
14.09 12.80 12.67 15.16 10.56
29 300 26 620 26 350 31 530 21 970
13.38 12.11 11.93 14.62 10.17
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks ........................................................................................ Cargo and freight agents .................................................................................................................................................. Couriers and messengers ................................................................................................................................................. Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers ........................................................................................................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance ..............................................................................................................
174 170 59 440 120 900 89 280 168 380
13.78 16.03 9.96 13.89 15.70
28 670 33 350 20 720 28 900 32 660
12.19 15.10 9.32 13.30 14.56
Meter readers, utilities ...................................................................................................................................................... Postal service clerks ......................................................................................................................................................... Postal service mail carriers ............................................................................................................................................... Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators ................................................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks .....................................................................................................................
52 510 79 760 347 420 262 440 279 640
14.74 18.72 18.80 16.86 16.87
30 660 38 930 39 110 35 080 35 080
13.86 19.08 19.00 18.34 16.18
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ............................................................................................................................... Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................................................................................................................. Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ....................................................................................... Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ........................................................................................................ Legal secretaries ..............................................................................................................................................................
792 470 1 608 230 77 050 1 407 950 259 010
12.02 10.21 12.85 16.85 17.59
24 990 21 240 26 740 35 050 36 580
11.26 9.26 11.62 16.06 16.84
Medical secretaries ........................................................................................................................................................... Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ............................................................................................................ Computer operators .......................................................................................................................................................... Data entry keyers .............................................................................................................................................................. Word processors and typists ............................................................................................................................................
336 200 1 796 480 172 640 376 970 209 200
12.83 12.69 15.21 11.15 13.38
26 690 26 390 31 640 23 190 27 830
12.23 12.16 14.26 10.77 12.85
Desktop publishers ........................................................................................................................................................... Insurance claims and policy processing clerks ................................................................................................................. Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service ........................................................................................ Office clerks, general ........................................................................................................................................................ Office machine operators, except computer .....................................................................................................................
34 280 252 590 161 850 2 857 300 93 340
16.21 14.95 10.64 11.32 11.25
33 730 31 090 22 130 23 540 23 400
15.20 13.88 10.19 10.71 10.47
Proofreaders and copy markers ....................................................................................................................................... Statistical assistants .........................................................................................................................................................
25 310 22 330
12.62 15.00
26 240 31 190
11.68 14.17
First-line supervisors, managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers ....................................................................... Farm labor contractors ...................................................................................................................................................... Agricultural inspectors ...................................................................................................................................................... Animal breeders ................................................................................................................................................................ Graders and sorters, agricultural products .......................................................................................................................
20 910 5 830 13 760 1 590 54 500
17.78 12.61 15.09 14.11 8.50
36 970 26 220 31 380 29 340 17 670
16.43 7.39 13.76 12.06 7.67
Agricultural equipment operators ...................................................................................................................................... Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ............................................................................................. Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals ............................................................................................................................. Forest and conservation workers ...................................................................................................................................... Fallers ...............................................................................................................................................................................
21 830 218 020 38 260 9 140 10 180
9.25 7.86 8.93 10.93 15.43
19 240 16 340 18 560 22 730 32 090
8.31 7.24 8.22 9.12 13.54
Logging equipment operators ........................................................................................................................................... Log graders and scalers ...................................................................................................................................................
29 060 4 730
13.39 13.87
27 850 28 840
12.88 13.08
FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
234
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS First-line supervisors, managers of construction trades, and extraction workers ............................................................. Boilermakers ..................................................................................................................................................................... Brickmasons and blockmasons ........................................................................................................................................ Stonemasons .................................................................................................................................................................... Carpenters ........................................................................................................................................................................
508 620 24 560 109 900 12 870 856 750
24.50 20.46 20.48 17.08 17.71
50 960 42 550 42 600 35 530 36 840
22.92 20.17 20.11 16.36 16.44
Carpet installers ................................................................................................................................................................ Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles ............................................................................................................. Floor sanders and finishers .............................................................................................................................................. Tile and marble setters ..................................................................................................................................................... Cement masons and concrete finishers ...........................................................................................................................
38 320 14 840 7 740 33 550 177 930
16.79 16.82 14.51 18.15 16.25
34 920 34 990 30 180 37 740 33 800
15.67 16.15 13.22 17.20 14.74
Terrazzo workers and finishers ......................................................................................................................................... Construction laborers ........................................................................................................................................................ Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators ...................................................................................................... Pile-driver operators ......................................................................................................................................................... Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators ...................................................................................
6 130 830 860 58 760 4 670 343 710
14.82 13.73 15.62 22.10 18.42
30 830 28 570 32 490 45 980 38 320
13.42 11.90 13.87 21.84 16.94
Drywall and ceiling tile installers ....................................................................................................................................... Tapers ............................................................................................................................................................................... Electricians ....................................................................................................................................................................... Glaziers ............................................................................................................................................................................. Insulation workers .............................................................................................................................................................
111 600 33 320 593 010 46 950 51 740
17.48 19.49 21.11 16.67 15.63
36 350 40 550 43 910 34 660 32 500
16.21 18.75 19.90 15.20 13.91
Painters, construction, and maintenance .......................................................................................................................... Paperhangers ................................................................................................................................................................... Pipelayers ......................................................................................................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ............................................................................................................................. Plasterers and stucco masons ..........................................................................................................................................
257 140 9 450 52 380 438 560 54 290
15.20 16.21 15.26 20.49 17.07
31 620 33 720 31 740 42 630 35 500
13.98 15.22 13.70 19.31 15.91
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers ................................................................................................................................... Roofers ............................................................................................................................................................................. Sheet metal workers ......................................................................................................................................................... Structural iron and steel workers ...................................................................................................................................... Helpers-brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters .............................................................
29 540 117 140 197 110 74 700 60 740
19.54 15.88 18.08 20.37 13.06
40 640 33 020 37 620 42 360 27 170
17.66 14.51 16.62 19.55 11.73
Helpers-carpenters ........................................................................................................................................................... Helpers-electricians .......................................................................................................................................................... Helpers-painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons .................................................................................... Helpers-pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters .............................................................................................. Helpers-roofers .................................................................................................................................................................
97 900 97 690 31 320 78 570 21 940
10.90 11.80 10.70 11.30 10.47
22 670 24 540 22 260 23 510 21 780
10.34 11.10 9.66 10.69 9.85
Construction and building inspectors ................................................................................................................................ Elevator installers and repairers ....................................................................................................................................... Fence erectors .................................................................................................................................................................. Hazardous materials removal workers ............................................................................................................................. Highway maintenance workers .........................................................................................................................................
75 190 20 920 21 730 37 350 146 290
20.71 25.74 12.10 17.12 14.06
43 070 53 540 25 170 35 610 29 250
20.01 25.99 10.65 15.61 13.65
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators .................................................................................................. Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners ................................................................................................................. Segmental pavers ............................................................................................................................................................. Derrick operators, oil and gas ........................................................................................................................................... Rotary drill operators, oil and gas .....................................................................................................................................
10 450 15 530 2 100 14 120 13 110
16.75 14.30 14.25 15.28 17.46
34 840 29 750 29 630 31 780 36 320
16.90 13.43 12.95 14.34 16.23
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining ...................................................................................................................... Earth drillers, except oil and gas ....................................................................................................................................... Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters ......................................................................................... Continuous mining machine operators ............................................................................................................................. Mine cutting and channeling machine operators ..............................................................................................................
12 310 19 830 4 850 8 100 5 060
15.13 16.56 17.33 17.06 18.02
31 480 34 450 36 050 35 490 37 490
13.78 15.62 16.88 16.75 18.07
Rock splitters, quarry ........................................................................................................................................................ Roof bolters, mining .......................................................................................................................................................... Roustabouts, oil and gas .................................................................................................................................................. Helpers-extraction workers ...............................................................................................................................................
2 610 3 980 31 960 28 690
13.49 18.28 11.62 12.86
28 070 38 020 24 160 26 750
12.58 18.47 10.71 12.12
First-line supervisors, managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers ......................................................................... Computer, automated teller, and office machine workers ................................................................................................ Radio mechanics .............................................................................................................................................................. Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers ............................................................... Avionics technicians .........................................................................................................................................................
433 640 135 380 6 960 195 680 21 710
24.05 16.73 18.37 21.90 20.39
50 030 34 810 38 210 45 550 42 410
22.87 15.98 17.42 22.78 20.21
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers .............................................................................................................. Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment ................................................................... Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment ...................................................................... Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay .......................................................................... Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles ..........................................................................................
28 720 17 320 82 320 20 040 15 200
16.36 18.56 19.60 24.02 13.27
34 030 38 590 40 760 49 970 27 600
15.49 18.56 19.77 24.85 12.51
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers .................................................................................. Security and fire alarm systems installers ........................................................................................................................ Aircraft mechanics and service technicians ...................................................................................................................... Automotive body and related repairers ............................................................................................................................. Automotive glass installers and repairers .........................................................................................................................
30 600 43 310 125 850 175 370 19 710
14.01 16.53 20.97 16.93 13.49
29 150 34 390 43 620 35 200 28 050
13.08 15.56 20.71 15.71 12.93
INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
235
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ............................................................................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ................................................................................................... Farm equipment mechanics ............................................................................................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines ...................................................................................................... Rail car repairers ..............................................................................................................................................................
687 380 254 470 32 330 113 340 13 520
15.79 17.01 13.44 17.69 18.35
32 830 35 380 27 950 36 790 38 170
14.71 16.53 13.03 17.29 18.78
Motorboat mechanics ....................................................................................................................................................... Motorcycle mechanics ...................................................................................................................................................... Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics ......................................................................................... Bicycle repairers ............................................................................................................................................................... Recreational vehicle service technicians ..........................................................................................................................
18 550 13 030 25 170 7 000 12 490
14.57 13.80 12.47 9.62 13.72
30 310 28 690 25 950 20 000 28 530
13.97 13.03 11.93 9.25 13.02
Tire repairers and changers .............................................................................................................................................. Mechanical door repairers ................................................................................................................................................ Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door ................................................................................ Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers ............................................................................... Home appliance repairers .................................................................................................................................................
81 560 10 730 36 720 206 870 34 750
10.45 15.42 20.54 17.51 15.47
21 730 32 080 42 730 36 430 32 180
9.69 14.03 20.90 16.78 14.61
Industrial machinery mechanics ....................................................................................................................................... Maintenance and repair workers, general ........................................................................................................................ Maintenance workers, machinery ..................................................................................................................................... Millwrights ......................................................................................................................................................................... Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons .........................................................................................................
179 640 1 212 620 90 500 67 900 3 330
18.95 14.91 16.23 20.50 17.43
39 410 31 010 33 750 42 630 36 240
18.26 14.12 15.63 20.19 16.88
Electrical power-line installers and repairers .................................................................................................................... Telecommunications line installers and repairers ............................................................................................................. Camera and photographic equipment repairers ............................................................................................................... Medical equipment repairers ............................................................................................................................................ Musical instrument repairers and tuners ...........................................................................................................................
96 040 156 160 5 220 21 770 4 870
22.68 19.02 15.57 18.39 15.97
47 170 39 560 32 390 38 250 33 210
23.33 19.06 15.09 17.49 14.15
Watch repairers ................................................................................................................................................................ Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers .................................................................................... Commercial divers ............................................................................................................................................................ Fabric menders, except garment ...................................................................................................................................... Locksmiths and safe repairers ..........................................................................................................................................
3 710 33 520 2 930 2 030 18 970
14.09 13.58 21.93 13.74 14.54
29 310 28 250 45 620 28 580 30 250
12.77 13.16 16.69 12.35 13.67
Manufactured building and mobile home installers ........................................................................................................... Riggers ............................................................................................................................................................................. Signal and track switch repairers ...................................................................................................................................... Helpers-installation, maintenance, and repair workers .....................................................................................................
13 780 13 770 7 990 148 770
11.51 17.03 20.98 11.33
23 940 35 420 43 640 23 560
11.14 16.25 20.85 10.31
First-line supervisors, managers of production and operating workers ............................................................................ Aircraft structures, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers ........................................................................................ Coil winders, tapers, and finishers .................................................................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ............................................................................................................... Electromechanical equipment assemblers .......................................................................................................................
700 490 25 690 34 710 267 030 57 500
22.08 18.18 11.88 11.84 12.75
45 920 37 810 24 700 24 640 26 510
20.64 18.71 11.07 11.03 12.15
Engine and other machine assemblers ............................................................................................................................ Structural metal fabricators and fitters .............................................................................................................................. Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ............................................................................................................................... Team assemblers ............................................................................................................................................................. Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators ......................................................................................................
49 280 87 020 36 470 1 139 360 6 230
14.93 14.42 12.61 11.88 12.58
31 050 29 990 26 220 24 710 26 160
14.02 13.76 11.83 10.90 11.63
Bakers ............................................................................................................................................................................... Butchers and meat cutters ................................................................................................................................................ Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers ..................................................................................................................... Slaughterers and meat packers ........................................................................................................................................ Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders .............................................................
161 820 129 840 150 920 126 460 19 180
10.64 13.06 9.03 9.81 12.06
22 120 27 160 18 790 20 410 25 080
9.89 12.26 8.57 9.79 11.18
Food batchmakers ............................................................................................................................................................ Food cooking machine operators and tenders ................................................................................................................. Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic ....................................................................................... Numerical tool and process control programmers ............................................................................................................ Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................................................
71 930 34 140 128 400 18 910 96 270
11.17 11.13 14.57 18.80 12.83
23 240 23 160 30 310 39 100 26 690
10.54 10.51 13.97 18.04 12.44
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................................................................................ Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................................................................................. Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .............................................. Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................................................ Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ......................
44 920 42 270 277 410 51 730 99 580
13.90 14.19 12.47 14.14 13.49
28 910 29 510 25 940 29 400 28 070
12.64 13.62 11.81 13.23 12.56
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ......................................................... Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .............................................................. Machinists ......................................................................................................................................................................... Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders ................................................................................................................... Pourers and casters, metal ...............................................................................................................................................
72 270 30 340 368 320 17 120 12 900
15.12 14.57 16.06 15.37 14.05
31 450 30 300 33 410 31 970 29 230
14.55 14.04 15.66 14.79 13.40
Model makers, metal and plastic ...................................................................................................................................... Patternmakers, metal and plastic ..................................................................................................................................... Foundry mold and coremakers ......................................................................................................................................... Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ....................................... Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .........................................................................
8 360 6 300 21 960 147 060 96 560
18.92 17.03 13.14 12.12 14.93
39 360 35 420 27 340 25 200 31 050
18.27 16.09 12.55 11.17 13.79
PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
236
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
Tool and die makers ......................................................................................................................................................... Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers .......................................................................................................................... Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders ....................................................................... Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .................................................................... Lay-out workers, metal and plastic ...................................................................................................................................
105 210 361 970 56 280 28 410 12 490
20.98 14.82 15.20 14.35 15.67
43 630 30 820 31 620 29 860 32 600
20.54 14.02 13.90 13.56 14.79
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .............................................................. Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners ................................................................................................................................ Bindery workers ................................................................................................................................................................ Bookbinders ...................................................................................................................................................................... Job printers .......................................................................................................................................................................
41 580 22 700 88 740 7 170 49 080
12.87 14.94 11.53 14.27 15.34
26 780 31 080 23 970 29 680 31 910
12.22 14.14 10.51 13.31 14.47
Prepress technicians and workers .................................................................................................................................... Printing machine operators ............................................................................................................................................... Laundry and dry-cleaning workers .................................................................................................................................... Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials ............................................................................................................. Sewing machine operators ...............................................................................................................................................
89 370 189 590 213 840 87 130 277 800
15.88 14.80 8.53 8.54 8.99
33 040 30 780 17 750 17 770 18 710
14.98 13.95 8.07 8.21 8.39
Shoe and leather workers and repairers ........................................................................................................................... Shoe machine operators and tenders ............................................................................................................................... Sewers, hand .................................................................................................................................................................... Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers ....................................................................................................................... Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders .........................................................................................
9 860 6 320 19 180 29 560 25 950
9.84 10.19 9.91 11.75 10.21
20 460 21 180 20 610 24 450 21 230
9.14 9.90 8.69 10.68 10.00
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders ................................................................................................... Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................................................. Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders ........................................................ Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers ............................................ Fabric and apparel patternmakers ....................................................................................................................................
32 970 49 410 62 800 26 620 10 800
10.35 11.16 10.96 13.32 15.33
21 530 23 210 22 810 27 710 31 890
9.77 11.05 10.54 13.22 12.67
Upholsterers ..................................................................................................................................................................... Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .............................................................................................................................. Furniture finishers ............................................................................................................................................................. Model makers, wood ......................................................................................................................................................... Patternmakers, wood ........................................................................................................................................................
40 380 125 220 30 110 4 350 4 130
12.78 12.32 11.59 13.35 14.99
26 580 25 630 24 110 27 770 31 170
11.86 11.54 10.92 11.90 14.32
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood ................................................................................................... Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing ........................................................................... Nuclear power reactor operators ...................................................................................................................................... Power distributors and dispatchers ................................................................................................................................... Power plant operators .......................................................................................................................................................
53 520 89 860 3 400 11 670 34 390
11.12 11.13 29.76 26.08 23.61
23 130 23 160 61 910 54 240 49 110
10.62 10.59 29.36 26.02 24.00
Stationary engineers and boiler operators ........................................................................................................................ Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators ......................................................................................... Chemical plant and system operators .............................................................................................................................. Gas plant operators .......................................................................................................................................................... Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers ...............................................................................
52 510 96 970 55 910 11 940 38 500
21.26 16.64 21.00 23.24 22.85
44 220 34 620 43 680 48 340 47 520
20.79 16.05 21.12 23.24 23.69
Chemical equipment operators and tenders ..................................................................................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders ...................................... Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders ..................................................................... Grinding and polishing workers, hand .............................................................................................................................. Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders .........................................................................................
56 610 35 550 44 370 43 370 103 940
18.29 15.39 13.46 11.99 13.70
38 040 32 010 28 000 24 940 28 500
18.00 14.59 12.83 11.04 13.23
Cutters and trimmers, hand .............................................................................................................................................. Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................................................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders ................................................. Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders ............................................................................................ Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers .......................................................................................................
30 910 75 430 71 500 29 400 500 250
11.84 12.86 13.49 14.27 14.31
24 630 26 760 28 070 29 690 29 760
10.59 12.35 12.76 13.56 13.01
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers .............................................................................................................. Dental laboratory technicians ........................................................................................................................................... Medical appliance technicians .......................................................................................................................................... Ophthalmic laboratory technicians .................................................................................................................................... Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......................................................................................................
28 970 40 440 11 870 32 920 390 380
14.11 15.17 15.07 11.18 11.18
29 350 31 560 31 340 23 260 23 260
12.63 13.70 13.31 10.46 10.20
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders ........................................................................ Painters, transportation equipment ................................................................................................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating workers ........................................................................................................................ Photographic process workers ......................................................................................................................................... Photographic processing machine operators ...................................................................................................................
91 950 45 670 30 830 27 360 52 290
12.85 17.17 11.07 11.07 10.13
26 730 35 700 23 020 23 020 21 080
12.16 16.13 10.19 9.72 9.05
Semiconductor processors ............................................................................................................................................... Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders .................................................................................................... Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders ........................................................................ Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders ................................................................................................... Etchers and engravers ......................................................................................................................................................
43 630 26 880 18 010 7 280 9 130
14.01 11.81 11.91 11.41 12.15
29 140 24 560 24 780 23 730 25 270
13.14 11.15 10.99 10.21 10.79
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic ................................................................................................. Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders ..................................................................................................... Tire builders ...................................................................................................................................................................... Helpers-production workers ..............................................................................................................................................
36 240 114 390 13 020 464 390
12.65 14.07 17.30 9.97
26 320 29 260 35 990 20 730
11.87 13.59 18.67 9.25
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
237
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, 2002—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Median hourly wages
TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS Aircraft cargo handling supervisors .................................................................................................................................. First-line supervisors, managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .......................................................... First-line supervisors, managers of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators ........................ Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers ....................................................................................................................... Commercial pilots .............................................................................................................................................................
8 920 147 180 207 280 78 810 19 570
19.82 18.96 21.96
17.90 17.87 20.63
(2) (2)
41 220 39 430 45 670 122 230 58 000
Air traffic controllers .......................................................................................................................................................... Airfield operations specialists ........................................................................................................................................... Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians ................................................................... Bus drivers, transit and intercity ........................................................................................................................................ Bus drivers, school ...........................................................................................................................................................
23 410 5 910 17 280 197 090 468 790
42.35 19.64 10.02 14.81 11.01
88 090 40 850 20 840 30 810 22 890
44.04 17.31 9.18 14.22 10.77
Driver, sales workers ........................................................................................................................................................ Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer ............................................................................................................................. Truck drivers, light or delivery services ............................................................................................................................. Taxi drivers and chauffeurs .............................................................................................................................................. Locomotive engineers .......................................................................................................................................................
368 730 1 520 880 977 920 125 720 28 250
11.43 16.52 12.65 10.01 24.66
23 780 34 350 26 320 20 830 51 280
9.92 15.97 11.48 8.91 23.28
Locomotive firers .............................................................................................................................................................. Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers ......................................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators .................................................................................................................... Railroad conductors and yardmasters .............................................................................................................................. Subway and streetcar operators ....................................................................................................................................... Sailors and marine oilers ..................................................................................................................................................
710 4 600 15 030 38 070 7 250 25 360
21.58 19.52 21.99 23.69 22.51 14.69
44 880 40 600 45 750 49 280 46 810 30 550
22.02 18.07 20.93 21.39 23.54 13.64
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels .................................................................................................................... Motorboat operators ......................................................................................................................................................... Ship engineers .................................................................................................................................................................. Bridge and lock tenders .................................................................................................................................................... Parking lot attendants .......................................................................................................................................................
22 530 3 600 8 020 3 900 108 460
24.73 14.71 25.09 15.17 8.30
51 430 30 590 52 190 31 560 17 270
23.97 12.71 24.61 16.98 7.84
Service station attendants ................................................................................................................................................ Traffic technicians ............................................................................................................................................................. Transportation inspectors ................................................................................................................................................. Conveyor operators and tenders ...................................................................................................................................... Crane and tower operators ...............................................................................................................................................
102 550 5 370 28 340 59 240 49 060
8.54 16.50 23.06 12.40 18.42
17 770 34 320 47 970 25 790 38 320
7.97 15.22 23.30 11.66 17.47
Dredge operators .............................................................................................................................................................. Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators ................................................................................................. Loading machine operators, underground mining ............................................................................................................ Hoist and winch operators ................................................................................................................................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................................................................................................................
2 850 67 210 3 200 8 970 586 660
14.30 16.77 15.62 17.29 13.34
29 740 34 880 32 480 35 960 27 740
13.33 15.58 15.35 15.09 12.54
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment ................................................................................................................................. Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand ................................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers ....................................................................................................................................... Packers and packagers, hand .......................................................................................................................................... Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators .......................................................................................................
311 070 2 217 590 162 670 927 740 6 920
9.05 10.32 11.23 8.73 20.64
18 830 21 460 23 360 18 160 42 920
8.20 9.48 10.50 8.03 20.44
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers ..................................................................................................................... Wellhead pumpers ............................................................................................................................................................ Refuse and recyclable material collectors ........................................................................................................................ Shuttle car operators ........................................................................................................................................................ Tank car, truck, and ship loaders ......................................................................................................................................
12 360 10 280 132 290 3 070 16 960
18.58 16.48 12.55 17.81 17.03
38 640 34 290 26 090 37 050 35 420
17.53 16.24 11.60 18.44 15.63
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.
2Hourly
(2) (2)
PART FOUR PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION HIGHLIGHTS BLS develops projections of industry output, employment, and occupations every two years. The next publication is scheduled for 2006. The employment outlook presented in this chapter is for the period 2002–2012. These projections are based on a set of explicit assumptions and application of a model of economic relationships.
Percent Change and Projected Percent Change in the Labor Force, 1992–2002 and 2002–2012 60.0
50.0
1992–2002 2002–2012
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0 Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24
25 to 54
55 and over
Total labor force is expected to grow slowly, 12 percent or 1.1 percent per year. Growth of 9 percent or less than one percent per year is projected for the 16–24 age group. The expectation of an almost 50 percent increase, 4.1 percent per year, in the 55 and older group reflects the movement of the aging baby boomer population into this age group. (Table 4-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • While still relatively small, only 4.1 percent of the total labor force in 2000, the Asian labor force is expected to grow rapidly between 2002 and 2012 at 50.8 percent. The labor force for blacks is expected to increase by 19.3 percent and for whites, 8.5 percent. (Table 4-1) • Persons of Hispanic origin may be white or black. The growth of the labor force for that group is expected to grow rapidly, 32.6 percent, but more slowly than the previous decade. (Table 4-1) • The labor force of women is projected to continue to increase faster than that of men, 14.3 percent compared with 10.0 percent. (Table 4-1)
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NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Concepts, Definitions, and Procedures Long-term projections of likely employment conditions in the U.S. economy have been developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1957. These projections cover the future size and composition of the labor force, the aggregate economy, detailed estimates of industrial production, and industrial and occupational employment. The resulting data serve many users who need information on likely patterns of economic growth and their effects on employment. Beginning with the projections for 1996–2006, projections have been developed for a 10year period and published every two years. This is the first set of BLS projections that use the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). To carry out the projection process, the BLS makes many underlying assumptions concerning general economic and social conditions and sets ranges of acceptability for the key results of the various stages of the projection process. Projecting employment in industry and occupational detail requires an integrated projection of the total economy and its various sectors. BLS projections are developed in a series of six steps, each of which is based on separate projections procedures and models and various related assumptions. The six steps or analytical phases are: (1) labor force, (2) aggregate economy, (3) final demand (GDP) by sector and product, (4) inter-industry relationships (input-output), (5) industry output and employment, and (6) occupational employment. Each phase is solved separately, with the results of each used as input for the next phase, and with some results feeding back to earlier steps. In each phase, many iterations are made to ensure internal consistency as assumptions and results are reviewed and revised. (1) Labor force projections are determined by projections of the future age, sex and racial composition of the population and by trends in labor force participation rates—the percent of the specified group in the population who will be working or seeking work. The population projections, prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, are based on trends in birth rates, death rates, and net migration. With the population projections in hand, BLS analyzes and projects changes in labor force participation rates for more than 130 age, sex, and race or Hispanic origin groups. Projections of labor force participation rates for each group are developed by first estimating a trend rate of change based on participation rate behavior during the prior eight-year period. Second, the rate is modi-
fied when the time-series projections for the specific group appear inconsistent with the results of crosssectional and cohort analyses. This second step ensures consistency in the projections across various groups. Finally, the size of the labor force is derived by applying the participation rates to the population projections. The results are again reviewed for consistency. (2) Aggregate economic performance—the second phase of the BLS projections process—develops projections of the gross domestic product (GDP) and major categories of demand and income. These results provide control totals that are consistent with each other and with the various assumptions and conditions of the projection scenario. The values generated for each demand sector and subsector are then used in the next phase in developing detailed projections for personal consumption, business investment, foreign trade, and government. These projections are accomplished using a macroeconomic model. The model basically consists of sets of equations that correlate various aspects of the economy with each other. It provides internally consistent, moderately detailed projections for each set of given assumptions and goals. The 2000–2010 projections were based upon a long-term macro model developed by DRI-WEFA, Inc. This model has approximately 1,300 equations, which determine those factors affecting growth in the U.S. economy. This model is driven by a set of about 300 exogenous variables, which are specified by BLS. (3) Final demand. The BLS projection then proceeds from the aggregate to the industrial level. For the industry output projections, the economy is disaggregated into about 190 producing sectors that cover the U.S. industrial structure, both public and private. The framework for this procedure is an input-output model. The initial input-output data used by BLS are prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The development of projections of industry output begins with aggregate demand projections from the DRI-WEFA model. In this model, projections are made for 27 major categories of consumption, 15 categories of investment, 19 end-use categories of foreign trade, and 13 categories of government spending. A further disaggregation of the values from the model is then undertaken. For example, personal consumption expenditures are estimated for 158 detailed categories.
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Provision is made to allow for shifts in the commodity makeup of a given demand category. This is accomplished by projecting “bridge tables” relating individual types of demand to the actual industries supplying the goods. The bridge table is a percent distribution for each given demand category, such as the personal consumption or investment category, among each of the sectors in the BLS input-output model. In projecting changes in these bridge tables, expected changes in technology, consumer tastes or buying patterns, the commodity pattern of exports and imports, the future composition of business investment, and other structural factors are considered. (4) Input-output. The next stage in the projections process is the estimation of the intermediate flow of goods and services required to produce the projected GDP. Only final sales are counted in the GDP to avoid repeated counting of intermediate inputs. An industry’s total employment, however, depends on its total output, whether sold to another industry, or used as a final good. The total output of each industry is projected using an inter-industry or input-output model. This model mathematically solves for all levels of intermediate inputs given industry relationships and final demand. The BLS input-output model consists of two basic matrices for each year, a “use” and a “make” table. The principal table is the “use” table. This table shows the purchase of commodities by each industry as inputs into its production process. Projecting this table must take into account changes in the input pattern or the way in which goods or services are produced by each industry. In general, two types of changes in these input patterns are made in developing a future input-output table: (a) Those made to the inputs of a specific industry (as, for example, the changes in inputs in the publishing industry); and, (b) those made to the inputs of a specific commodity in all or most industries (as for example increased use of business services across a wide spectrum of industries). The “make” table shows the commodity output of each industry. It allocates commodity output to the industry to which it is primary and to all other industries where the commodity is produced as a secondary product. The “use” table is the basis for the direct requirements table of coefficients showing the inputs required to produce one dollar of that industry’s output. The “make” table is used to create a “market shares” table, which shows the values of the “make” table as coefficients. The coefficient tables are used to calculate the total requirements tables, which show the direct and indirect requirements to produce a dollar’s worth of final demand. Projection tables are based on historical tables and on studies of specific industries.
243
(5) Industry Employment. The projected level of industry employment is based on the projected levels of industry output as well as other factors such as expected technological changes and their impact on labor productivity. After the initial industry output is calculated, employment is derived from a model of the industry-level employment requirements. The employment projections by industry are constrained by the requirement that they sum to the aggregate employment level as determined by the aggregate projections. Employment for wage and salary workers is based on the Current Employment Statistics (payroll) survey, which counts jobs, whereas self-employed, unpaid family worker, agricultural, and private household data are based on the Current Population Survey (household survey), which counts workers. Employment totals for historical periods, therefore, differ from the official employment estimates of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. (6) Employment by Occupation. The model used to develop the occupational employment projections is an industry-occupation matrix showing the distribution of 2000–2010 employment for 262 industries and for 695 detailed occupations. Occupational staffing patterns for the industries are based on data collected by state employment security agencies and analyzed by the BLS and reflect the 2000 standard occupational classification system. The titles and content of major occupational groups and many detailed occupations are substantially different from those used in previous projections. Staffing patterns of industries in the base-year industry-occupation matrix are projected to the target year to account for changes expected to occur in technology, shifts in production mix, and other factors. For example, one would expect greater employment of computer specialists as computer technology spreads across industries. In projecting the staffing patterns, the changes introduced into the input-output model for expected change are also analyzed to account for the impact of that technological change on future occupational staffing patterns of industries. The projected industry total employment data are applied to the projected industry staffing patterns, yielding employment by occupation for each industry. These data are aggregated across all industries to yield total occupational employment for the projected year. Final Review. An important element of the projection system is its comprehensive structure. To ensure the internal consistency of this large structure, the BLS procedure encompasses detailed review and analysis of the results at each stage for reasonableness and for consistency with the results from other stages of the BLS projections. The final results reflect innumerable interactions among staff members who focus on particular variables
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
in the model. Because of this review, the projection process at BLS converges to an internally consistent set of employment projections across a substantial number of industries and occupations. Sources of Additional Information A complete presentation of the projections including analysis of results and additional tables and a compre-
hensive description of the methodology is found in the Monthly Labor Review, February 2004. A more detailed description of methods is contained in the BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2490, April 1997, Chapter 13 and BLS Bulletin 2572, Occupational Projections and Training Data, August 2004. Once the target year is reached, BLS evaluates the projections. An article assessing the year 2000 projections appears in Occupational Outlook Quarterly, Spring 2003.
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
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Table 4-1. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1982, 1992, 2002 and Projected 2012 Level (thousands) Sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin 1982
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ........................................ 110 204
Change (thousands)
1992
1990 census
2000 census
2012
Percent change
1982–1992 1992–2002 2002–2012 1982–1992 1992–2002 2002–2012
128 105
142 534
144 863
162 269
17 901
14 429
17 406
16.2
11.3
12.0
16 to 24 .............................................................................. 16 to 19 ......................................................................... 20 to 24 ......................................................................... 25 to 54 .............................................................................. 25 to 34 .......................................................................... 35 to 44 .......................................................................... 45 to 54 .......................................................................... 55 and over ....................................................................... 55 to 64 .......................................................................... 65 and over .................................................................... 65 to 74 ...................................................................... 75 and over ................................................................
24 608 8 526 16 082 70 506 31 186 22 431 16 889 15 092 12 062 3 030 2 566 464
21 617 7 096 14 521 91 429 35 369 33 899 22 160 15 060 11 587 3 473 2 932 542
22 425 7 723 14 702 99 865 30 831 36 998 32 036 20 244 15 863 4 381 3 593 789
22 366 7 586 14 780 101 720 32 196 36 927 32 597 20 777 16 308 4 469 3 665 804
24 377 7 636 16 740 106 866 35 406 34 434 37 026 31 026 24 616 6 410 5 411 1 000
-2 991 -1 430 -1 561 20 923 4 183 11 468 5 271 -32 -475 443 366 78
808 627 181 8 436 -4 538 3 099 9 876 5 184 4 276 908 661 247
2 011 50 1 960 5 146 3 210 -2 493 4 429 10 249 8 308 1 941 1 746 196
-12.2 -16.8 -9.7 29.7 13.4 51.1 31.2 -0.2 -3.9 14.6 14.3 16.8
3.7 8.8 1.2 9.2 -12.8 9.1 44.6 34.4 36.9 26.2 22.5 45.5
9.0 0.7 13.3 5.1 10.0 -6.8 13.6 49.3 50.9 43.4 47.6 24.3
Men, 16 Years And Over .................................................. 16 to 24 .............................................................................. 16 to 19 .......................................................................... 20 to 24 .......................................................................... 25 to 54 .............................................................................. 25 to 34 .......................................................................... 35 to 44 .......................................................................... 45 to 54 .......................................................................... 55 and over ........................................................................ 55 to 64 .......................................................................... 65 and over .................................................................... 65 to 74 ...................................................................... 75 and over ................................................................
62 450 13 074 4 470 8 604 40 357 17 793 12 781 9 784 9 019 7 174 1 845 1 548 297
69 964 11 521 3 751 7 770 49 882 19 495 18 347 12 040 8 561 6 551 2 010 1 681 329
76 052 11 619 3 926 7 693 53 439 16 635 19 946 16 858 10 995 8 486 2 509 2 045 464
77 500 11 639 3 870 7 769 54 568 17 596 19 829 17 143 11 293 8 750 2 543 2 079 464
85 252 12 461 3 791 8 670 56 435 19 069 18 244 19 122 16 356 12 714 3 641 3 077 564
7 514 -1 553 -719 -834 9 525 1 702 5 566 2 256 -458 -623 165 133 32
6 088 98 175 -77 3 557 -2 860 1 599 4 818 2 434 1 935 499 364 135
7 751 822 -79 901 1 866 1 473 -1 585 1 978 5 063 3 964 1 098 998 100
12.0 -11.9 -16.1 -9.7 23.6 9.6 43.5 23.1 -5.1 -8.7 8.9 8.6 10.8
8.7 0.8 4.7 -1.0 7.1 -14.7 8.7 40.0 28.4 29.5 24.8 21.6 41.1
10.0 7.1 -2.0 11.6 3.4 8.4 -8.0 11.5 44.8 45.3 43.2 48.0 21.6
Women, 16 Years And Over ............................................ 16 to 24 .............................................................................. 16 to 19 .......................................................................... 20 to 24 .......................................................................... 25 to 54 .............................................................................. 25 to 34 .......................................................................... 35 to 44 .......................................................................... 45 to 54 .......................................................................... 55 and over ........................................................................ 55 to 64 .......................................................................... 65 and over .................................................................... 65 to 74 ...................................................................... 75 and over ................................................................
47 755 11 533 4 056 7 477 30 149 13 393 9 651 7 105 6 073 4 888 1 185 1 018 167
58 141 10 096 3 345 6 750 41 547 15 875 15 552 10 120 6 499 5 035 1 464 1 251 213
66 481 10 806 3 797 7 009 46 426 14 196 17 052 15 178 9 250 7 377 1 873 1 548 325
67 363 10 727 3 716 7 011 47 152 14 600 17 098 15 454 9 485 7 558 1 927 1 586 340
77 017 11 916 3 845 8 070 50 431 16 337 16 189 17 905 14 671 11 902 2 769 2 333 436
10 386 -1 437 -711 -727 11 398 2 482 5 901 3 015 426 147 279 233 46
8 340 710 452 259 4 879 -1 679 1 500 5 058 2 751 2 342 409 297 112
9 654 1 189 129 1 059 3 279 1 737 -909 2 451 5 186 4 344 842 747 96
21.7 -12.5 -17.5 -9.7 37.8 18.5 61.1 42.4 7.0 3.0 23.5 22.9 27.5
14.3 7.0 13.5 3.8 11.7 -10.6 9.6 50.0 42.3 46.5 27.9 23.7 52.4
14.3 11.1 3.5 15.1 7.0 11.9 -5.3 15.9 54.7 57.5 43.7 47.1 28.1
White, 16 Years And Over ............................................... Men .................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
96 143 55 133 41 010
108 837 60 168 48 669
118 569 64 241 54 328
120 150 65 308 54 842
130 358 70 592 59 766
12 694 5 035 7 659
9 732 5 284 4 924
10 208 6 291 5 924
13.2 9.1 18.7
8.9 6.8 11.6
8.5 8.1 9.0
Black, 16 Years And Over ............................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
11 331 5 804 5 527
14 162 6 997 7 166
16 834 7 745 9 089
16 564 7 793 8 771
19 765 9 318 10 447
2 831 1 193 1 639
2 672 748 1 923
3 201 1 525 1 676
25.0 20.6 29.7
18.9 10.7 26.8
19.3 19.6 19.1
Asian, 16 Years And Over 1 ............................................. Men .................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
2 770 1 513 1 257
5 109 2 800 2 309
7 130 3 839 3 291
5 949 3 215 2 734
8 971 4 941 4 030
2 339 1 287 1 052
2 021 1 039 982
3 022 1 726 1 296
84.4 85.1 83.7
39.6 37.1 42.5
50.8 53.7 47.4
All Other Groups, 16 Years And Over 2 .......................... Men ................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
2 200 1 189 1 011
3 175 1 732 1 443
... ... ...
... ... ...
975 543 432
... ... ...
... ... ...
44.3 45.7 42.7
Hispanic Origin, 16 Years And Over .............................. Men ................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
6 734 4 148 2 586
16 200 9 273 6 927
16 200 9 273 6 927
17 942 10 609 7 332
23 785 13 674 10 111
4 604 2 752 1 853
4 862 2 373 2 488
5 843 3 065 2 779
68.4 66.3 71.7
42.9 34.4 56.0
32.6 28.9 37.9
Other Than Hispanic Origin, 16 Years And Over .......... 103 470 Men ................................................................................... 58 302 Women .............................................................................. 45 169
116 767 63 064 53 702
126 334 66 779 59 555
126 921 66 891 60 031
138 484 71 577 66 906
13 297 4 762 8 533
9 567 3 715 5 853
11 562 4 686 6 875
12.9 8.2 18.9
8.2 5.9 10.9
9.1 7.0 11.5
98 724 53 984 44 740
103 360 55 489 47 871
103 348 55 340 48 008
106 237 56 849 49 388
9 094 2 862 6 232
4 636 1 505 3 130
2 889 1 509 1 380
10.1 5.6 16.2
4.7 2.8 7.0
2.8 2.7 2.9
White Non-Hispanic, 16 Years And Over ....................... Men ................................................................................... Women .............................................................................. 1Data
89 630 51 121 38 508
for 1982 and 1992 represent the "Asian and other" category with 1990 census weights. Data for 2002 with 1990 census weights represent the "Asian and other" category. Data for 2002 with 2000 census weights represent the "Asian only" category. Data for 2012 represent the "Asian only" category with 2000 census weights. "All other groups" category includes those reporting the racial categories of (1a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (1b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders and those reporting two or more races. The category was not defined prior to 2003. Data for 2002 were calculated by BLS. . . . = Not available. 2The
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-1. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1982, 1992, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued Percent distribution
Annual growth rate (percent)
Sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin 1982
1992
1990 census 2000 census
2012
1982–1992
1992–2002
2002–2012
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ..................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.5
1.1
1.1
16 to 24 ........................................................................................................ 16 to 19 ................................................................................................... 20 to 24 ................................................................................................... 25 to 54 ........................................................................................................ 25 to 34 .................................................................................................... 35 to 44 .................................................................................................... 45 to 54 .................................................................................................... 55 and over ................................................................................................. 55 to 64 .................................................................................................... 65 and over .............................................................................................. 65 to 74 ................................................................................................ 75 and over ..........................................................................................
22.3 7.7 14.6 64.0 28.3 20.4 15.3 13.7 10.9 2.7 2.3 0.4
16.9 5.5 11.3 71.4 27.6 26.5 17.3 11.8 9.0 2.7 2.3 0.4
15.7 5.4 10.3 70.1 21.6 26.0 22.5 14.2 11.1 3.1 2.5 0.6
15.4 5.2 10.2 70.2 22.2 25.5 22.5 14.3 11.3 3.1 2.5 0.6
15.0 4.7 10.3 65.9 21.8 21.2 22.8 19.1 15.2 4.0 3.3 0.6
-1.3 -1.8 -1.0 2.6 1.3 4.2 2.8 0.0 -0.4 1.4 1.3 1.6
0.4 0.9 0.1 0.9 -1.4 0.9 3.8 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.1 3.8
0.9 0.1 1.3 0.5 1.0 -0.7 1.3 4.1 4.2 3.7 4.0 2.2
Men, 16 Years And Over ............................................................................ 16 to 24 ........................................................................................................ 16 to 19 .................................................................................................... 20 to 24 .................................................................................................... 25 to 54 ........................................................................................................ 25 to 34 .................................................................................................... 35 to 44 .................................................................................................... 45 to 54 .................................................................................................... 55 and over .................................................................................................. 55 to 64 .................................................................................................... 65 and over .............................................................................................. 65 to 74 ................................................................................................ 75 and over ..........................................................................................
56.7 11.9 4.1 7.8 36.6 16.1 11.6 8.9 8.2 6.5 1.7 1.4 0.3
54.6 9.0 2.9 6.1 38.9 15.2 14.3 9.4 6.7 5.1 1.6 1.3 0.3
53.4 8.2 2.8 5.4 37.5 11.7 14.0 11.8 7.7 6.0 1.8 1.4 0.3
53.5 8.0 2.7 5.4 37.7 12.1 13.7 11.8 7.8 6.0 1.8 1.4 0.3
52.5 7.7 2.3 5.3 34.8 11.8 11.2 11.8 10.1 7.8 2.2 1.9 0.3
1.1 -1.3 -1.7 -1.0 2.1 0.9 3.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0
0.8 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.7 -1.6 0.8 3.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.0 3.5
1.0 0.7 -0.2 1.1 0.3 0.8 -0.8 1.1 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0 2.0
Women, 16 Years And Over ...................................................................... 16 to 24 ........................................................................................................ 16 to 19 .................................................................................................... 20 to 24 .................................................................................................... 25 to 54 ........................................................................................................ 25 to 34 .................................................................................................... 35 to 44 .................................................................................................... 45 to 54 .................................................................................................... 55 and over .................................................................................................. 55 to 64 .................................................................................................... 65 and over .............................................................................................. 65 to 74 ................................................................................................ 75 and over ..........................................................................................
43.3 10.5 3.7 6.8 27.4 12.2 8.8 6.4 5.5 4.4 1.1 0.9 0.2
45.4 7.9 2.6 5.3 32.4 12.4 12.1 7.9 5.1 3.9 1.1 1.0 0.2
46.6 7.6 2.7 4.9 32.6 10.0 12.0 10.6 6.5 5.2 1.3 1.1 0.2
46.5 7.4 2.6 4.8 32.5 10.1 11.8 10.7 6.5 5.2 1.3 1.1 0.2
47.5 7.3 2.4 5.0 31.1 10.1 10.0 11.0 9.0 7.3 1.7 1.4 0.3
2.0 -1.3 -1.9 -1.0 3.3 1.7 4.9 3.6 0.7 0.3 2.1 2.1 2.5
1.3 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.1 -1.1 0.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 2.5 2.2 4.3
1.3 1.1 0.3 1.4 0.7 1.1 -0.5 1.5 4.5 4.6 3.7 3.9 2.5
White, 16 Years And Over ......................................................................... Men .............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
87.2 50.0 37.2
85.0 47.0 38.0
83.2 45.1 38.1
82.9 45.1 37.9
80.3 43.5 36.8
1.2 0.9 1.7
0.9 0.7 1.1
0.8 0.8 0.9
Black, 16 Years And Over ......................................................................... Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
10.3 5.3 5.0
11.1 5.5 5.6
11.8 5.4 6.4
11.4 5.4 6.1
12.2 5.7 6.4
2.3 1.9 2.6
1.7 1.0 2.4
1.8 1.8 1.8
Asian, 16 Years And Over 1 ....................................................................... Men .............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
2.5 1.4 1.1
4.0 2.2 1.8
5.0 2.7 2.3
4.1 2.2 1.9
5.5 3.0 2.5
6.3 6.3 6.3
3.4 3.2 3.6
4.2 4.4 4.0
All Other Groups, 16 Years And Over 2 .................................................... Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1.5 0.8 0.7
2.0 1.1 0.9
... ... ...
... ... ...
3.7 3.8 3.6
Hispanic Origin, 16 Years And Over ........................................................ Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
6.1 3.8 2.3
8.9 5.4 3.5
11.4 6.5 4.9
12.4 7.3 5.1
14.7 8.4 6.2
5.3 5.2 5.6
3.6 3.0 4.5
2.9 2.6 3.3
Other Than Hispanic Origin, 16 Years And Over .................................... Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
93.9 52.9 41.0
91.1 49.2 41.9
88.6 46.9 41.8
87.6 46.2 41.4
85.3 44.1 41.2
1.2 0.8 1.7
0.8 0.6 1.0
0.9 0.7 1.1
White Non-Hispanic, 16 Years And Over ................................................. Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
81.3 46.4 34.9
77.1 42.1 34.9
72.5 38.9 33.6
71.3 38.2 33.1
65.5 35.0 30.4
1.0 0.5 1.5
0.5 0.3 0.7
0.3 0.3 0.3
1Data
for 1982 and 1992 represent the "Asian and other" category with 1990 census weights. Data for 2002 with 1990 census weights represent the "Asian and other" category. Data for 2002 with 2000 census weights represent the "Asian only" category. Data for 2012 represent the "Asian only" category with 2000 census weights. "All other groups" category includes those reporting the racial categories of (1a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (1b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders and those reporting two or more races. The category was not defined prior to 2003. Data for 2002 were calculated by BLS. . . . = Not available. 2The
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
247
PROJECTED EMPLOYMENT
The 10 Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002–2012 (Percent Change) Medical assistants Network systems and data communications Physician assistants Social and human service assistants Home health aides Medical records and health information technicians Physical therapists aides Computer software engineers, applications Computer software engineers, systems software Physical therapist assistants 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Only 3 of the 10 fastest growing occupations are associated directly with computers. Six are related to medical services and one is more general; social and human services assistants. (Table 4-2) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Of the 30 fastest growing occupations, more than half require an associate or higher degree of education. (Table 4-2) • The fastest growing occupations are not necessarily the ones that are projected to provide the largest number of additional jobs. Of the 10 occupations with the largest job growth, only three, registered nurses, post secondary teachers and general and operations managers are in the professional category. None are associated with computers. Most are in lower level wage categories such as food preparation and nursing aides. (Table 4-6) • The same relationship between rate of growth and size appears in the industry employment data. Three of the industries with the fastest growing projected wage and salary employment are computer related. None of the industries projected to provide the largest increase in jobs are computer related. The largest are retail trade, state and local governments, and service providers. (Table 4-5) • Total job openings result from growth and net replacement. Of the total job openings of about 56 million, almost two thirds or 35 million are projected to be replacements. Among the major sectors, only professional related occupations add more jobs as a result of growth than replacement. (Table 4-6) • Among the major occupational groups, employment in the two largest in 2002, professional and related occupations and service occupations, will increase the fastest and add the most jobs. These major groups, which are the highest and lowest in educational requirements and earnings, are expected to provide more than half the total job growth from 2002 to 2003. (Table 4-6)
248
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-2. Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002–2012 (Number, percent.) Employment
Change
Occupation 2002
2012
Number
Percent
Quartile rank by 2002 median annual earnings 1
Most significant source of postsecondary education or training 2
Medical assistants .................................................................................. Network systems and data communications ........................................... Physician assistants ............................................................................... Social and human service assistants ..................................................... Home health aides .................................................................................
365 186 63 305 580
579 292 94 454 859
215 106 31 149 279
59 57 49 49 48
3 1 1 3 4
Moderate-term on-the-job training Bachelor’s degree Bachelor’s degree Moderate-term on-the-job training Short-term on-the-job training
Medical records and health information technicians ............................... Physical therapist aides .......................................................................... Computer software engineers, applications ............................................ Computer software engineers, systems software ................................... Physical therapist assistants ..................................................................
147 37 394 281 50
216 54 573 409 73
69 17 179 128 22
47 46 46 45 45
3 3 1 1 2
Associate degree Short-term on-the-job training Bachelor’s degree Bachelor’s degree Associate degree
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ................................................ Database administrators ........................................................................ Veterinary technologists and technicians ............................................... Hazardous materials removal workers ................................................... Dental hygienists ....................................................................................
183 110 53 38 148
264 159 76 54 212
81 49 23 16 64
44 44 44 43 43
3 1 3 2 1
Postsecondary vocational award Bachelor’s degree Associate degree Moderate-term on-the-job training Associate degree
Occupational therapist aides .................................................................. Dental assistants .................................................................................... Personal and home care aides ............................................................... Self-enrichment education teachers ....................................................... Computer systems analysts ...................................................................
8 266 608 200 468
12 379 854 281 653
4 113 246 80 184
43 42 40 40 39
3 3 4 2 1
Short-term on-the-job training Moderate-term on-the-job training Short-term on-the-job training Work experience in a related occupation Bachelor’s degree
Occupational therapist assistants ........................................................... Environmental engineers ........................................................................ Postsecondary teachers ......................................................................... Network and computer systems administrators ...................................... Environmental science and protection technicians, including health ......
18 47 1 581 251 28
26 65 2 184 345 38
7 18 603 94 10
39 38 38 37 37
2 1 1 1 2
Associate degree Bachelor’s degree Doctoral degree Bachelor’s degree Associate degree
Preschool teachers, except special education ........................................ Computer and information systems managers ........................................ Physical therapists ................................................................................. Occupational therapists .......................................................................... Respiratory therapists ............................................................................
424 284 137 82 86
577 387 185 110 116
153 103 48 29 30
36 36 35 35 35
4 1 1 1 2
Postsecondary vocational award Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus work experience Master’s degree Bachelor’s degree Associate degree
1The
quartile rankings of Occupational Employment Statistics annual earnings data are presented in the following categories: 1 = very high ($41,820 and over), 2 = high ($27,500 to $41,780), 3 = low ($19,710 to $27,380), and 4 = very low (up to $19,600.) The rankings were based on quartiles using one-fourth of total employment to define each quartile. Earnings are for wage and salary workers. 2An occupation is placed into one of 11 categories that best describes the education or training needed by most workers to become fully qualified.
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
249
Table 4-3. Industries with the Largest Output Growth and Declines, 2000–2012 (Dollars, percent.) Billions of chained 1996 dollars Industry description
Change 2000–2012 2000
2012
Average annual rate of change 2000–2012
LARGEST GROWTH Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing .................................. Wholesale trade .......................................................................................... Retail trade ................................................................................................. Credit intermediation and related activities, monetary authorities, and funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ................................................ Telecommunications, except cable and other programming distribution .....
262.8 1 025.3 1 013.1
2 292.7 1 622.5 1 420.0
2 029.9 597.2 406.9
24.2 4.7 3.4
794.3 400.6
1 114.4 644.7
320.1 244.0
3.4 4.9
Retail trade exc. eating and drinking places ................................................ Management of companies and enterprises ............................................... Owner-occupied dwellings .......................................................................... Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation ......................... Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities .......................................................................................
659.6 468.3 710.3 408.2
873.1 668.9 906.9 584.5
213.5 200.6 196.6 176.3
2.8 3.6 2.5 3.7
350.1
525.9
175.8
4.2
Computer systems design and related services ......................................... Communications equipment manufacturing ............................................... Internet services, data processing, and other information services ............ Nondepository credit intermediation and related support activities, funds, trusts, and lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyright works) ...................................................................................................... Offices of health practitioners .....................................................................
127.1 100.0 86.9
302.2 268.1 232.6
175.1 168.1 145.7
9.0 10.4 10.3
386.4 332.3
530.4 468.9
144.1 136.6
3.2 3.5
718.7 102.2
851.8 228.8
133.1 126.6
1.7 8.4
166.4 239.5 334.3
283.7 349.1 424.4
117.3 109.6 90.1
5.5 3.8 2.4
Cut and sew apparel manufacturing ........................................................... Basic chemical manufacturing .................................................................... Oil and gas extraction ................................................................................. Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills ..................................... Apparel knitting mills ...................................................................................
39.8 97.5 87.4 12.2 6.4
17.1 75.6 79.6 6.5 2.3
-22.7 -21.9 -7.8 -5.6 -4.1
-8.1 -2.5 -0.9 -6.0 -9.7
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills .............................................................. Coal mining ................................................................................................. Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing .......................................................................................... Fiber, yarn, and thread mills ....................................................................... Leather and hide tanning and finishing .......................................................
67.7 26.2
64.7 23.4
-3.0 -2.8
-0.5 -1.1
56.4 10.5 2.6
54.0 8.2 1.2
-2.4 -2.4 -1.4
-0.4 -0.5 -7.7
Other leather and allied product manufacturing .......................................... Tobacco manufacturing .............................................................................. Fabric mills .................................................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying .................................................. Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing ..............
2.1 34.2 22.1 17.5 21.8
1.0 33.1 21.1 16.7 21.1
-1.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6
-7.7 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3
Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing ..............................
3.8
3.3
-0.6
-1.5
Construction ................................................................................................ Software publishers .................................................................................... Scientific research and development and other professional, scientific, and technical services ............................................................................. Truck transportation and couriers and messengers ................................... Hospitals ..................................................................................................... LARGEST DECLINES
250
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-4. Percentage of Employees and Projected Net Employment Change in Selected Occupations, by Age Group 1 (Percent, thousands.) Percent distribution of employees by age group
Employment (thousands)
Change
Occupation 16-24
25-54
55 and older
2002
2012
Number
Percent
Total job openings due to growth and net replacements (thousands)
ALL OCCUPATIONS ..................................................................
14.7
71.4
13.9
144 015
165 319
21 305
14.8
56 305
Bus drivers ................................................................................... Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers ................................. Loan counselors and officers ...................................................... Sales representatives, services, all other .................................... Social workers ..............................................................................
9.8 7.5 4.8 4.7 3.5
45.4 60.1 62.8 64.0 66.4
44.8 32.4 32.3 31.2 30.1
654 105 255 577 477
781 121 302 717 604
106 16 48 140 127
16.2 15.5 18.7 24.3 26.7
249 76 89 250 209
Environmental scientists and geoscientists ................................. Network systems and data communications analysts .................. Aircraft pilots and flight engineers ............................................... Transportation, storage, and distribution managers .................... Clergy ..........................................................................................
4.1 8.0 2.5 5.5 11.2
67.8 64.7 70.8 68.0 62.5
28.1 27.3 26.7 26.5 26.3
101 186 100 111 400
121 292 118 133 463
20 106 18 22 62
20.1 57.0 17.8 19.7 15.5
38 128 45 44 144
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators, and editors ...................................................................................... Market and survey researchers .................................................... Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians .............................................................................. Sales engineers .......................................................................... Chief executives ..........................................................................
0.3 8.4
74.3 66.2
25.4 25.4
48 155
56 193
9 38
18.7 24.7
19 78
5.8 11.7 0.6
68.9 63.4 74.9
25.3 24.9 24.4
17 82 553
22 98 645
5 16 93
26.7 19.9 16.7
6 41 197
Special education teachers .......................................................... Chiropractors ................................................................................ Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists ......... Transit and railroad police ........................................................... Public relations specialists ...........................................................
5.4 2.7 3.7 18.0 5.5
70.9 73.8 73.3 59.6 72.8
23.7 23.4 23.0 22.4 21.7
433 49 474 6 158
563 60 606 7 210
130 11 131 1 52
30.0 23.3 27.7 15.9 32.9
233 21 204 2 75
Motor vehicle operators, all other ................................................ Personal and home care aides .................................................... Public relations managers ........................................................... Food preparation and serving related workers, all other ............. Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping ....
7.9 34.8 2.8 13.3 9.9
71.0 44.1 76.2 66.2 69.8
21.1 21.0 21.0 20.5 20.3
111 608 69 117 174
139 854 85 134 207
28 246 16 18 33
25.2 40.5 23.4 15.2 19.3
44 343 28 54 71
1
Total job openings are given by the sum of net employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements.
251
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012
Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
TOTAL1, 2 ..............................................................................
123 325
144 014
165 319
20 689
Nonagriculture wage and salary3 ......................................
109 526
131 063
152 690
21 537
Mining .................................................................................. Oil and gas extraction .......................................................... Mining (except oil and gas) ................................................... Coal mining .......................................................................... Metal ore mining ................................................................... Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying ............................ Support activities for mining .................................................. Utilities .................................................................................. Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution ..... Natural gas distribution ........................................................
610 182 272 118 50 104 156 726 537 154
512 123 212 75 29 108 177 600 436 116
451 88 180 52 18 110 183 565 405 90
-98 -60 -60 -43 -21 3 22 -126 -101 -38
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
21 305
1.6
21 627
1.8
-61 -34 -32 -23 -11 2 6 -34 -31 -26
Billions of chained (1996) dollars
Average annual rate of change (percent) 1992– 2002
2002– 2012
23 250
3.2
3.3
21 973
3.3
3.3
156 80 52 23 11 17 26 320 254 58
0.7 -0.7 1.4 1.8 -0.6 2.1 5.3 -0.4 0.0 -2.1
-0.6 -0.9 -0.5 -1.1 0.8 -0.5 0.9 1.8 2.0 0.9
1992
2002
2012
1.4
12 272
16 822
1.5
11 448
15 818
-1.7 -3.9 -2.5 -4.4 -5.2 0.3 1.3 -1.9 -2.1 -2.8
-1.3 -3.2 -1.6 -3.5 -4.8 0.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.7 -2.5
155 94 47 22 11 14 14 278 207 66
166 87 54 26 10 18 24 267 207 53
Water, sewage, and other systems .......................................
35
49
71
13
23
3.2
3.9
5
6
8
2.2
2.7
Construction .......................................................................
4 608
6 732
7 745
2 124
1 014
3.9
1.4
547
719
852
2.8
1.7
Manufacturing .................................................................... Food manufacturing ............................................................. Animal food manufacturing ................................................... Grain and oilseed milling ....................................................... Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing .................. Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing ................................................................. Dairy product manufacturing ................................................. Animal slaughtering and processing ..................................... Seafood product preparation and packaging ........................ Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing .......................................
16 799 1 518 55 71 103
15 307 1 525 52 62 83
15 149 1 597 52 61 80
-1 492 7 -4 -9 -20
-158 72 1 -1 -3
-0.9 0.0 -0.7 -1.3 -2.1
-0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.3
3 067 384 25 49 22
3 840 437 30 57 26
5 361 517 38 70 30
2.3 1.3 2.1 1.6 1.7
3.4 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.6
218 143 438 55 290
182 137 520 44 295
180 124 601 40 303
-36 -6 83 -11 4
-2 -13 80 -4 9
-1.8 -0.4 1.7 -2.3 0.1
-0.1 -1.0 1.4 -0.8 0.3
44 57 98 8 39
50 56 118 7 43
59 58 144 8 53
1.4 -0.3 1.9 -1.2 1.1
1.7 0.4 2.0 1.2 2.0
Other food manufacturing ..................................................... Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ..................... Beverage manufacturing ....................................................... Tobacco manufacturing ........................................................ Textile mills .......................................................................... Fiber, yarn, and thread mills .................................................. Fabric mills ........................................................................... Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills ............... Textile product mills ............................................................. Textile furnishings mills ........................................................
146 209 165 44 479 97 256 126 202 120
152 206 172 33 293 64 147 82 196 119
155 179 158 20 157 37 80 40 181 111
5 -3 7 -10 -186 -33 -109 -44 -6 -1
4 -27 -14 -13 -136 -27 -67 -42 -16 -8
0.4 -0.1 0.4 -2.7 -4.8 -4.1 -5.4 -4.2 -0.3 -0.1
0.2 -1.4 -0.8 ... -6.1 -5.3 -5.9 -6.9 -0.8 -0.7
44 96 59 36 51 12 26 13 26 18
51 98 64 34 45 11 22 12 30 21
59 105 74 33 36 8 21 7 35 23
1.5 0.3 0.8 -0.5 -1.4 -1.0 -1.7 -1.0 1.4 1.8
1.5 0.7 1.3 -0.3 -2.2 -2.5 -0.4 -6.0 1.3 1.0
Other textile product mills ...................................................... Apparel manufacturing ......................................................... Apparel knitting mills ............................................................ Cut and sew apparel manufacturing ..................................... Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing ......... Leather and allied product manufacturing ............................. Leather and hide tanning and finishing ................................. Footwear manufacturing ....................................................... Other leather and allied product manufacturing .................... Wood product manufacturing ................................................
82 905 110 752 43 121 15 72 33 502
78 358 50 282 26 50 9 21 20 557
70 112 20 77 15 33 5 18 11 634
-5 -548 -60 -470 -17 -71 -7 -51 -13 55
-8 -246 -30 -205 -11 -17 -4 -4 -9 77
-0.6 -8.9 -7.7 -9.4 -4.8 -8.5 -5.7 -11.5 -5.0 1.0
-1.1 -11.0 -8.7 -12.2 -5.4 -4.0 -6.3 -1.8 -5.9 1.3
9 64 10 50 4 10 3 5 3 73
9 50 6 40 4 8 3 3 2 83
11 23 2 17 3 6 1 4 1 112
0.6 -2.4 -4.3 -2.2 -1.3 -2.5 -1.5 -3.6 -1.6 1.2
2.1 -7.6 -9.7 -8.1 -1.5 -2.6 -7.7 2.1 -7.7 3.0
Sawmills and wood preservation ........................................... Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product .................. Other wood product manufacturing ....................................... Paper manufacturing ............................................................ Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills ........................................ Converted paper product manufacturing ............................... Printing and related support activities ................................... Petroleum and coal products manufacturing ......................... Chemical manufacturing ...................................................... Basic chemical manufacturing ..............................................
134 88 280 640 232 408 780 152 1 029 246
121 116 320 550 168 382 710 119 930 171
110 138 386 477 126 351 734 102 891 140
-13 28 39 -90 -63 -26 -70 -33 -99 -76
-11 21 67 -72 -42 -31 24 -18 -38 -31
-1.0 2.8 1.3 -1.5 -3.1 -0.7 -0.9 -2.4 -1.0 -3.6
-1.0 1.7 1.9 -1.4 -2.8 -0.8 0.3 -1.6 -0.4 -2.0
25 17 32 146 73 73 92 161 363 117
26 20 37 141 68 73 91 181 401 98
34 26 52 144 65 79 94 199 450 76
0.6 1.8 1.5 -0.4 -0.8 0.0 -0.1 1.2 1.0 -1.8
2.7 2.6 3.4 0.2 -0.5 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.2 -2.5
151
114
89
-37
-26
-2.8
-2.5
54
56
54
0.4
-0.4
54 225 81
45 293 72
35 361 62
-10 68 -8
-10 68 -11
-1.9 2.7 -1.1
-2.4 2.1 -1.6
23 72 22
19 112 24
22 157 30
-2.1 4.5 0.8
1.9 3.5 2.1
127 144
122 112
125 79
-5 -32
3 -33
-0.4 -2.4
0.3 -3.4
43 34
52 36
64 42
1.8 0.6
2.0 1.3
Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing .................................................. Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing ................................................................. Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing ....................... Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing ......................... Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing ................................................................. Other chemical product and preparation manufacturing .......
1Wage and salary data are from the Current Employment Statistics survey, which counts jobs, whereas self-employed, unpaid family workers, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing, and
hunting are from the Current Population Survey which counts workers. 2Output subcategories do not necessarily add to higher categories as a product of chainweighting. 3Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from the Current Employment Survey and government wage and
salary workers, which are excluded. . . . = Not available.
252
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued
Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Billions of chained (1996) dollars 1992
2002
Average annual rate of change (percent)
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ......................... Plastics product manufacturing ............................................. Rubber product manufacturing .............................................. Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ..........................
819 620 199 487
854 668 185 519
991 797 195 579
35 48 -14 32
138 128 10 60
0.4 0.8 -0.7 0.6
1.5 1.8 0.5 1.1
122 95 27 69
164 133 31 85
245 198 47 114
3.0 3.4 1.4 2.1
4.1 4.1 4.0 2.9
Clay product and refractory manufacturing ........................... Glass and glass product manufacturing ................................ Cement and concrete product manufacturing ....................... Lime and gypsum product manufacturing ............................. Other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ................ Primary metal manufacturing ................................................ Iron and steel mills ferroalloy manufacturing ........................ Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel ............... Alumina and aluminum production and processing .............. Nonferrous metal (except aluminum ) production and processing .......................................................................
79 145 178 14 72 630 168 66 100
72 126 230 19 72 511 107 63 80
80 125 278 21 75 494 76 60 79
-7 -19 52 5 0 -119 -61 -3 -19
9 -1 48 2 3 -17 -31 -3 -1
-0.9 -1.4 2.6 3.0 0.1 -2.1 -4.4 -0.4 -2.1
1.1 -0.1 1.9 0.9 0.4 -0.3 -3.4 -0.5 -0.2
7 19 27 4 12 140 47 16 29
8 22 38 5 13 137 49 15 25
10 33 49 6 16 160 56 18 26
0.2 1.6 3.4 1.6 1.0 -0.2 0.4 -0.7 -1.5
3.2 3.9 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.3
102
81
80
-20
-1
-2.2
-0.2
26
22
21
-1.9
-0.3
Foundries ............................................................................. Fabricated metal product manufacturing ............................... Forging and stamping .......................................................... Cutlery and handtool manufacturing ..................................... Architectural and structural metals manufacturing ................ Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing .............. Hardware manufacturing ...................................................... Spring and wire product manufacturing ................................ Machine shops; turned product; and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing ................................................................. Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities ..........
196 1 497 122 73 327 108 54 74
180 1 548 114 65 400 95 43 71
199 1 645 132 70 478 90 45 59
-16 51 -9 -8 74 -13 -11 -4
20 97 18 6 77 -5 3 -12
-0.9 0.3 -0.7 -1.2 2.1 -1.3 -2.3 -0.5
1.0 0.6 1.5 0.8 1.8 -0.5 0.6 -1.8
21 186 18 8 41 21 9 6
25 226 23 10 55 20 10 8
38 315 36 15 81 26 14 9
2.1 2.0 2.6 1.9 3.1 -0.6 0.8 2.2
4.2 3.4 4.5 3.7 3.9 2.6 3.9 1.2
287 137
318 148
333 151
32 11
15 4
1.1 0.8
0.5 0.2
29 12
41 16
62 25
3.7 2.8
4.2 4.4
Other fabricated metal product manufacturing ...................... Machinery manufacturing ..................................................... Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery manufacturing ................................................................. Industrial machinery manufacturing ...................................... Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing Ventilation, heating, air–conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing ........................... Metalworking machinery manufacturing ................................ Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing ................................................................. Other general purpose machinery manufacturing .................
316 1 309
296 1 237
287 1 357
-20 -72
-9 120
-0.7 -0.6
-0.3 0.9
42 186
43 230
49 341
0.3 2.1
1.2 4.0
201 142 138
201 132 132
212 125 141
1 -10 -6
10 -6 9
0.0 -0.7 -0.5
0.5 -0.5 0.6
33 22 22
42 31 19
60 47 27
2.5 3.3 -1.3
3.5 4.4 3.6
161 241
167 217
189 251
7 -24
22 34
0.4 -1.0
1.2 1.5
22 21
29 23
40 38
2.8 0.9
3.2 4.9
111 317
100 288
100 339
-11 -29
0 51
-1.0 -0.9
0.0 1.6
23 43
34 51
44 84
4.1 1.7
2.7 5.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing .................. Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing ............. Communications equipment manufacturing .......................... Audio and video equipment manufacturing ........................... Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing ................................................................. Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing .............................................. Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing ................................................................. Electric lighting equipment manufacturing ............................ Household appliance manufacturing .....................................
1 707 329 210 58
1 521 250 191 42
1 333 182 201 38
-186 -79 -19 ...
-189 -68 10 -3
-1.1 -2.7 -0.9 -3.2
-1.3 -3.1 0.5 -0.8
225 28 45 8
557 263 100 9
1 705 2 293 268 10
9.5 24.9 8.2 1.0
11.8 24.2 10.4 1.2
519
531
452
12
-79
0.2
-1.6
67
134
149
7.2
1.1
549 44
451 57
396 63
... 13
-55 6
-1.9 2.7
-1.3 1.1
79 8
92 7
126 9
1.4 -1.4
3.2 2.1
580 74 106
499 72 98
486 70 84
... ... ...
-13 -2 -14
-1.5 -0.2 -0.8
-0.3 -0.3 -1.5
88 10 18
103 12 22
142 14 29
1.6 1.8 2.2
3.3 1.4 2.8
Electrical equipment manufacturing ...................................... Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing ... Transportation equipment manufacturing ............................. Motor vehicle manufacturing ................................................. Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing ....................... Motor vehicle parts manufacturing ........................................ Aerospace product and parts manufacturing ........................ Railroad rolling stock manufacturing ..................................... Ship and boat building .......................................................... Other transportation equipment manufacturing .....................
219 180 1 977 260 126 661 711 27 157 36
176 152 1 829 267 154 731 468 23 146 40
180 151 1 787 251 172 758 386 24 157 40
... ... ... 7 28 70 ... ... ... 4
4 -1 -41 -16 18 27 -83 1 11 0
-2.1 -1.7 -0.8 0.3 2.0 1.0 -4.1 -1.7 -0.7 1.0
0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 1.1 0.4 -1.9 0.6 0.7 0.1
26 33 462 166 15 115 138 5 16 7
29 41 600 236 22 187 116 8 19 12
46 54 802 319 39 275 117 12 27 16
0.8 1.9 2.6 3.6 3.7 5.0 -1.7 4.0 1.6 5.9
4.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 5.7 3.9 0.1 4.2 3.8 2.4
Furniture and related product manufacturing ........................ Household and institutional furniture and kitchen cabinet manufacturing ................................................................. Office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing ................. Other furniture related product manufacturing ...................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................................ Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing ...................
563
605
666
42
62
0.7
1.0
51
66
89
2.7
3.0
373 146 44 693 297
400 151 54 692 309
450 155 61 715 329
28 5 10 -1 12
49 5 7 24 20
0.7 0.3 2.0 0.0 0.4
1.2 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.6
30 16 5 85 37
39 20 7 114 55
53 27 10 151 91
2.7 2.2 4.1 3.0 4.1
3.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 5.2
. . . = Not available.
253
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued
Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
Other miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................
395
2002
383
2012
387
1992– 2002
-12
2002– 2012
4
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
-0.3
0.1
Billions of chained (1996) dollars 1992
49
2002
59
Average annual rate of change (percent) 1992– 2002
2002– 2012
60
2.0
0.1 4.7
2012
Wholesale trade ..................................................................
5 110
5 641
6 279
531
638
1.0
1.1
600
1 025
1 622
5.5
Retail trade ..........................................................................
12 828
15 047
17 129
2 219
2 082
1.6
1.3
667
1 013
1 420
4.3
3.4
Transportation and warehousing ...................................... Air transportation .................................................................. Rail transportation ................................................................ Water transportation ............................................................. Truck transportation and couriers and messengers .............. Transit and ground passenger transportation ....................... Pipeline transportation .......................................................... Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation ............................................................. Warehousing and storage .....................................................
3 462 520 248 57 1 496 288 60
4 205 559 218 52 1 897 372 42
5 120 626 197 50 2 404 488 42
744 40 -30 -5 401 84 -19
914 67 -21 -1 507 116 0
2.0 0.7 -1.3 -0.9 2.4 2.6 -3.6
2.0 1.1 -1.0 -0.3 2.4 2.8 0.0
436 100 37 21 170 21 30
576 142 44 21 240 26 27
820 229 58 28 349 30 29
2.8 3.6 1.8 -0.1 3.5 2.2 -1.0
3.6 4.9 2.7 2.8 3.8 1.2 0.7
388 406
553 514
652 660
165 108
100 147
3.6 2.4
1.7 2.5
36 21
44 31
57 42
2.1 4.1
2.6 3.1
Information ......................................................................... Publishing industries ............................................................ Newspaper, periodical, book and directory publishers .......... Software publishers .............................................................. Internet services, data processing, and other information services ........................................................................... Motion picture and sound recording industries ..................... Broadcasting and telecommunications ................................. Radio and television broadcasting ........................................ Cable and other subscription programming and program distribution ....................................................................... Telecommunications, except cable and other programming distribution .......................................................................
2 641 854 740 114
3 420 970 714 256
4 052 1 133 703 430
779 115 -27 142
632 163 -11 174
2.6 1.3 -0.4 8.4
1.7 1.6 -0.1 5.3
481 134 105 31
891 222 122 102
1 498 334 132 229
6.4 5.1 1.5 12.6
5.3 4.2 0.8 8.4
307 254 1 226 226
529 387 1 535 241
773 503 1 643 235
222 133 309 15
244 116 109 -6
5.6 4.3 2.3 0.6
3.9 2.7 0.7 -0.2
25 50 272 34
87 93 491 40
233 178 745 46
13.1 6.3 6.1 1.7
10.3 6.7 4.3 1.5
126
221
300
95
79
5.7
3.1
36
53
64
3.9
1.9
873
1 073
1 108
200
35
2.1
0.3
202
401
645
7.1
4.9
Financial activities ............................................................. Credit intermediation, and related activities, monetary authorities, and funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........................................................................... Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation .... Nondepository credit intermediation and related support activities, funds, trusts, and lessors of nonfinancial intangible (except copyrighted works) ............................ Securities, commodity, contracts, and other financial investments and related activities ................................... Insurance carriers and related activities ................................ Insurance carriers ................................................................ Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities ..........................................................................
6 540
7 843
8 806
1 303
964
1.8
1.2
1 525
2 230
3 038
3.9
3.1
2 414 1 793
2 819 1 761
3 126 1 873
405 -31
308 112
1.6 -0.2
1.0 0.6
527 281
794 408
1 114 584
4.2 3.8
3.4 3.7
621
1 058
1 253
436
196
5.5
1.7
246
386
530
4.6
3.2
476 2 040 1 367
801 2 223 1 402
925 2 391 1 451
325 184 35
124 168 49
5.3 0.9 0.3
1.5 0.7 0.3
97 313 237
350 347 237
526 419 288
13.6 1.0 0.0
4.2 1.9 2.0
672
821
940
149
119
2.0
1.4
76
112
133
3.9
1.7
Real estate .......................................................................... Rental and leasing services .................................................. Automotive equipment, rental, and leasing ........................... Consumer goods rental and general rental centers .............. Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment, rental, and leasing ...........................................................
1 115 496 151 267
1 348 652 197 353
1 513 852 225 484
233 156 46 86
165 200 28 131
1.9 2.8 2.7 2.8
1.2 2.7 1.3 3.2
542 52 14 15
660 88 34 20
873 127 51 27
2.0 5.3 9.4 3.2
2.8 3.8 4.2 2.7
78
102
143
24
41
2.7
3.4
24
34
50
3.5
3.9
Professional, scientific, and technical services ............... Legal services ...................................................................... Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services ........................................................................... Architectural, engineering, and related services ................... Specialized design services .................................................. Computer systems design and related services ................... Management, scientific, and technical consulting services ... Scientific research and development and other technical services ........................................................................... Advertising and related services ........................................... Management of companies and enterprises .........................
4 594 950
6 715 1 112
8 579 1 330
2 122 162
1 864 218
3.9 1.6
2.5 1.8
568 142
881 151
1 370 171
4.5 0.6
4.5 1.3
658 902 81 445 358
867 1 251 123 1 163 732
1 082 1 306 161 1 798 1 137
209 349 42 718 374
215 54 38 635 406
2.8 3.3 4.2 10.1 7.4
2.2 0.4 2.7 4.5 4.5
58 110 13 55 59
80 157 21 127 114
98 217 29 302 169
3.2 3.7 5.0 8.8 6.7
2.1 3.3 3.6 9.0 4.1
830 370 1 623
1 026 442 1 711
1 241 525 1 906
196 72 88
215 84 195
2.1 1.8 0.5
1.9 1.7 1.1
90 42 256
166 67 468
284 111 669
6.3 4.8 6.2
5.5 5.2 3.6
4 753 4 516 275 1 593
7 584 7 267 390 3 249
10 391 9 987 508 5 012
2 831 2 751 116 1 656
2 807 2 720 117 1 764
4.8 4.9 3.6 7.4
3.2 3.2 2.7 4.4
240 206 27 47
433 384 58 104
638 572 87 172
6.1 6.4 8.1 8.3
4.0 4.1 4.2 5.1
1 244 245 1 160
1 772 258 1 597
2 261 226 1 980
528 13 438
489 -32 383
3.6 0.5 3.3
2.5 -1.3 2.2
64 21 47
114 25 81
165 36 109
6.0 1.8 5.5
3.7 3.7 3.1
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services ....................................................... Administrative support services ............................................ Office administrative and facilities support services .............. Employment services ........................................................... Business support and investigation and security services and support services , n.e.c. ........................................... Travel arrangement and reservation services ....................... Services to buildings and dwellings ...................................... n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified.
254
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued
Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992– 2002
1992
2002
2012
Waste management and remediation services ..................... Educational services ............................................................. Health care and social assistance .........................................
237 1 713 10 178
317 2 651 13 533
404 3 410 17 919
80 938 3 355
Ambulatory health care services ........................................... Offices of health practitioners ................................................ Ambulatory health care services except offices of health practicioners .................................................................... Hospitals .............................................................................. Nursing and residential care facilities .................................... Nursing care and residential and mental health facilities ...... Community care facilities for the elderly and residential care facilities, n.e.c. ......................................................... Social assistance ................................................................. Individual, family, community, and vocational rehabilitation services ........................................................................... Child day care services .........................................................
3 200 2 267
4 634 3 190
6 532 4 419
933 3 711 2 044 1 578
1 444 4 153 2 743 2 048
465 1 223
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ....................................... Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries ...... Performing arts companies, promoters, agents, managers, and independent artists ................................................... Spectator sports ................................................................... Museums, historical sites and similar institutions .................. Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries ................. Accommodation and food services ....................................... Accommodation ................................................................... Traveler accommodation ....................................................... RV parks, recreational camps, and rooming and boarding houses ............................................................................. Food services and drinking places ........................................ Other services ...................................................................... Repair and maintenance ....................................................... Automotive repair and maintenance ..................................... Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance Commercial and industrial equipment (except automotive and electric) repair and maintenance .............................. Personal and household goods repair and maintenance ...... Personal and laundry services .............................................. Personal care servcies .......................................................... Death care services .............................................................. Drycleaning and laundry services ......................................... Other personal services ........................................................ Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations ................................................................... Religious, grantmaking, and giving services, and social advocacy organizations ................................................... Civic, social, business, and similar organizations ................. Private households ................................................................ n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. . . . = Not available.
2002– 2012
Billions of chained (1996) dollars
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
87 759 4 386
3.0 4.5 2.9
2.5 2.6 2.8
34 95 719
49 125 962
1 434 923
1 899 1 229
3.8 3.5
3.5 3.3
332 251
2 113 4 785 3 685 2 607
511 442 700 470
670 632 942 559
4.5 1.1 3.0 2.6
3.9 1.4 3.0 2.4
695 2 004
1 078 2 917
230 780
382 913
4.1 5.1
777 447
1 269 734
1 867 1 050
493 288
597 316
1 236 290
1 778 358
2 275 421
542 68
195 95 75 872 8 201 1 562 1 517
240 118 113 1 308 10 191 1 780 1 726
277 144 136 1 717 11 829 2 080 2 019
44 6 639 5 120 964 636 99
53 8 412 6 105 1 241 897 105
149 80 1 099 434 116 359 190
Average annual rate of change (percent) 1992– 2002
2002– 2012
66 149 1 326
3.7 2.8 3.0
3.0 1.8 3.3
452 332
656 469
3.1 2.9
3.8 3.5
82 256 71 56
120 334 88 65
... 424 114 82
... 2.7 2.1 1.5
... 2.4 2.6 2.4
4.5 3.8
16 59
23 88
33 132
4.2 4.1
3.4 4.1
5.0 5.1
3.9 3.6
34 24
52 37
78 55
4.2 4.3
4.1 4.0
497 63
3.7 2.1
2.5 1.6
95 41
143 53
200 65
4.2 2.4
3.4 2.2
45 23 38 436 1 991 218 209
37 26 24 410 1 638 301 293
2.1 2.2 4.1 4.1 2.2 1.3 1.3
1.4 2.0 1.9 2.8 1.5 1.6 1.6
27 15 4 49 347 90 88
34 19 7 83 449 116 113
43 22 9 126 597 173 169
2.4 2.3 5.9 5.5 2.6 2.5 2.5
2.3 1.9 2.7 4.2 2.9 4.1 4.1
62 9 749 7 065 1 418 1 046 101
9 1 773 985 277 261 7
8 1 337 960 177 149 -5
1.9 2.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 0.6
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 -0.5
2 256 298 118 69 17
3 333 382 158 93 17
4 423 506 205 124 18
2.1 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.1 0.5
3.2 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.9 0.2
156 82 1 247 523
185 86 1 485 667
8 2 148 89
29 3 238 144
0.5 0.2 1.3 1.9
1.7 0.4 1.8 2.5
16 17 76 20
28 20 98 27
42 22 125 35
5.4 2.0 2.6 2.8
4.1 0.7 2.4 2.6
139 366 219
155 393 270
22 7 29
16 27 51
1.8 0.2 1.4
1.1 0.7 2.1
12 18 26
12 21 38
13 25 53
0.5 1.5 4.0
0.8 1.7 3.3
1992
2002
2012
2 177
2 861
3 460
684
600
2.8
1.9
94
117
166
2.2
3.6
1 403 774 880
1 944 917 757
2 372 1 088 703
541 143 -123
428 172 -54
3.3 1.7 -1.5
2.0 1.7 -0.7
49 45 10
66 50 9
107 59 11
3.1 1.2 -0.8
4.9 1.5 1.1
255
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued
Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
Federal government ............................................................ Postal Service ...................................................................... Federal electric utilities .......................................................... Federal government enterprises ........................................... Federal general government .................................................
3 111 800 28 138 2 145
2002
2 767 845 28 52 1 842
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
2 779 807 24 32 1 915
-344 45 1 -86 -303
12 -38 -4 -20 73
Billions of chained (1996) dollars
Average annual rate of change (percent)
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
-1.2 0.5 0.2 -9.3 -1.5
0.0 -0.5 -1.7 -4.6 0.4
394 51 7 6 252
378 61 9 7 209
443 76 11 11 216
1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
-0.4 1.7 2.5 1.4 -1.9
1.6 2.2 2.0 4.1 0.4
Federal government capital services ....................................
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
78
93
133
1.7
3.7
Local government passenger transit ................................
210
231
260
21
29
1.0
1.2
7
9
10
2.6
0.4
State and local government ............................................... State and local electric utilities .............................................. State and local government enterprises ................................ State and local government hospitals ................................... State and local government education ..................................
15 675 85 532 1 083 7 875
18 722 93 689 995 9 876
21 240 108 734 1 024 11 606
3 047 9 157 -89 2 002
2 518 14 46 29 1 730
1.8 1.0 2.6 -0.9 2.3
1.3 1.4 0.6 0.3 1.6
685 18 78 41 276
839 24 104 48 321
980 29 131 56 375
2.0 2.5 2.9 1.5 1.5
1.6 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.5
State and local general government, n.e.c. ........................... State and local government capital services .........................
5 890 ...
6 838 ...
7 508 ...
948 ...
670 ...
1.5 ...
0.9 ...
207 58
241 93
260 122
1.5 4.9
0.8 2.8
Owner–occupied dwellings3 ..............................................
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
552
710
907
2.6
2.5
Agriculture .......................................................................... Agricultural products ............................................................. Forestry, fishing, hunting, and trapping ................................. Logging ................................................................................ Support activities for agriculture and forestry ........................
2 639 2 318 96 120 105
2 245 1 955 68 98 124
1 905 1 632 50 90 133
-394 -362 -28 -23 19
-340 -324 -17 -7 9
-1.6 -1.7 -3.4 -2.1 1.6
-1.6 -1.8 -2.9 -0.8 0.7
274 221 12 29 11
300 246 12 31 11
352 286 14 36 16
0.9 1.1 -0.4 0.8 -0.3
1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 3.4
Nonagriculture self-employed and unpaid family workers4 .........................................................................
9 009
9 018
9 162
10
144
0.0
0.2
...
...
...
...
...
Secondary wage and salary jobs in agriculture production, forestry, fishing, and private household industries5 ......................................................................
178
143
128
-35
-15
-2.2
-1.1
...
...
...
...
...
Secondary jobs as a self-employed or unpaid family worker6 ...........................................................................
1 973
1 545
1 434
-428
-111
-2.4
-0.7
...
...
...
...
...
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. 3Includes
agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from the Current Employment Survey and government wage and salary workers, which are excluded.
4Comparable estimate of output growth is not available. 5Workers who hold a secondary wage and salary job in agricultural production, forestry, fishing, and private household 6Wage and salary workers who hold a secondary wage and salary job as a self-employed or unpaid family worker.
. . . = Not available.
industries.
256
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012 (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number 2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
2002
2012
TOTAL, ALL OCCUPATIONS ...........................................................................................................
144 014
165 319
100.0
100.0
21 305
14.8
56 305
Management, business, and financial occupations ........................................................................ Management occupations .......................................................................................................... Top executives ....................................................................................................................... Chief executives ................................................................................................................. General and operations managers ..................................................................................... Legislators .......................................................................................................................... Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers ............................ Advertising and promotions managers ............................................................................... Marketing and sales managers .......................................................................................... Marketing managers ....................................................................................................... Sales managers .............................................................................................................. Public relations managers .................................................................................................. Operations specialties managers ........................................................................................... Administrative services managers ...................................................................................... Computer and information systems managers ................................................................... Financial managers ............................................................................................................ Human resources managers .............................................................................................. Industrial production managers .......................................................................................... Purchasing managers ......................................................................................................... Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ........................................................... Other management occupations ............................................................................................ Agricultural managers ......................................................................................................... Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers ............................................................... Farmers and ranchers .................................................................................................... Construction managers ...................................................................................................... Education administrators .................................................................................................... Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program .............................. Education administrators, elementary and secondary school ........................................ Education administrators, postsecondary ....................................................................... Education administrators, all other ................................................................................. Engineering managers ....................................................................................................... Food service managers ...................................................................................................... Funeral directors ................................................................................................................. Gaming managers .............................................................................................................. Lodging managers .............................................................................................................. Medical and health services managers .............................................................................. Natural sciences managers ................................................................................................ Postmasters and mail superintendents .............................................................................. Property, real estate, and community association managers ............................................. Social and community service managers ........................................................................... All other managers .............................................................................................................
15 501 10 056 2 669 553 2 049 67 700 85 546 203 343 69 1 807 321 284 599 202 182 108 111 4 880 1 376 218 1 158 389 427 58 217 125 27 212 386 24 6 69 244 45 25 293 129 1 256
17 883 11 277 3 138 645 2 425 68 885 107 693 246 448 85 2 163 384 387 709 242 197 113 133 5 090 1 149 229 920 435 527 77 262 157 32 231 430 26 7 73 315 51 25 330 164 1 325
10.8 7.0 1.9 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.4 1.0 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.9
10.8 6.8 1.9 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.8
2 382 1 221 469 93 376 1 185 21 148 43 105 16 356 63 103 109 39 14 5 22 210 -227 11 -238 47 101 19 45 32 5 20 44 2 1 5 71 5 0 37 36 69
15.4 12.1 17.6 16.7 18.4 1.1 26.5 25.0 27.1 21.3 30.5 23.4 19.7 19.8 36.1 18.3 19.4 7.9 4.8 19.7 4.3 -16.5 5.1 -20.6 12.0 23.6 32.0 20.7 25.9 19.1 9.2 11.5 6.6 12.4 6.6 29.3 11.3 -0.5 12.8 27.7 5.5
5 319 3 192 969 197 762 9 313 37 249 81 168 28 671 126 154 195 73 50 29 44 1 240 117 49 68 117 207 33 99 63 12 62 107 9 2 16 119 14 5 92 60 314
Business and financial operations occupations .............................................................................. Business operations specialists .................................................................................................. Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes ...................................... Buyers and purchasing agents ............................................................................................... Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products ................................................................... Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products ............................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products ....................................... Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators .................................................. Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators ................................................................. Insurance appraisers, auto damage ................................................................................... Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation ................................................................................................................... Cost estimators ....................................................................................................................... Emergency management specialists ...................................................................................... Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists 2 .................................................. Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists ........................................................ Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists ........................................................ Training and development specialists ................................................................................ Management analysts ............................................................................................................ Meeting and convention planners ........................................................................................... All other business operations specialists 3 .............................................................................. Financial specialists .................................................................................................................... Accountants and auditors ........................................................................................................... Appraisers and assessors of real estate .................................................................................... Budget analysts .......................................................................................................................... Credit analysts ............................................................................................................................ Financial analysts and advisors .................................................................................................. Financial analysts ................................................................................................................... Personal financial advisors ..................................................................................................... Insurance underwriters ........................................................................................................... Financial examiners .................................................................................................................... Loan counselors and officers ...................................................................................................... Loan counselors ..................................................................................................................... Loan officers ........................................................................................................................... Tax examiners, collectors, preparers, and revenue agents ........................................................ Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents ..................................................................... Tax preparers ......................................................................................................................... All other financial specialists .......................................................................................................
5 445 3 177 15 419 19 155 245 241 227 14
6 606 3 910 19 455 21 162 273 275 260 16
3.8 2.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0
4.0 2.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0
1 162 733 4 36 2 7 27 34 32 2
21.3 23.1 27.8 8.6 10.2 4.3 11.2 14.0 14.2 11.7
2 127 1 295 7 144 8 47 88 64 60 3
158 188 11 474 175 91 209 577 37 1 056 2 268 1 055 88 62 66 400 172 126 102 25 255 31 223 154 75 79 162
173 223 14 606 223 116 267 753 45 1 346 2 696 1 261 104 71 78 486 204 170 112 27 302 37 266 176 79 98 190
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
15 35 3 131 48 25 58 176 8 290 429 205 16 9 12 86 32 44 10 2 48 6 42 22 4 18 28
9.8 18.6 28.2 27.7 27.3 28.0 27.9 30.4 21.3 27.5 18.9 19.5 17.6 14.0 18.7 21.5 18.7 34.6 10.0 8.9 18.7 17.8 18.8 14.4 5.0 23.2 17.6
52 77 6 204 75 39 90 255 16 470 832 405 34 19 23 146 58 60 28 8 89 11 78 52 21 32 57
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations.
257
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Professional and related occupations .............................................................................................
27 687
34 147
19.2
20.7
6 459
23.3
11 794
Computer and mathematical science occupations ..................................................................... Computer specialists .............................................................................................................. Computer and information scientists, research .................................................................. Computer programmers ..................................................................................................... Computer software engineers ............................................................................................ Computer software engineers, applications ................................................................... Computer software engineers, systems software ........................................................... Computer support specialists ............................................................................................. Computer systems analysts ............................................................................................... Database administrators ..................................................................................................... Network and computer systems administrators .................................................................. Network systems and data communications analysts ........................................................ All other computer specialists ............................................................................................. Mathematical science occupations ......................................................................................... Actuaries ............................................................................................................................. Mathematicians .................................................................................................................. Operations research analysts ............................................................................................. Statisticians ........................................................................................................................ Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations .............................................................
3 018 2 911 23 499 675 394 281 507 468 110 251 186 192 107 15 3 62 20 7
4 069 3 954 30 571 982 573 409 660 653 159 345 292 262 115 18 3 66 21 8
2.1 2.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.5 2.4 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 051 1 043 7 73 307 179 128 153 184 49 94 106 70 8 2 0 4 1 1
34.8 35.8 29.9 14.6 45.5 45.5 45.5 30.3 39.4 44.2 37.4 57.0 36.5 7.4 14.9 -1.0 6.2 4.8 11.8
1 465 1 429 10 190 374 218 156 216 237 60 122 128 92 36 9 1 17 6 2
Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................................................. Architects, surveyors, and cartographers ............................................................................... Architects, except naval ...................................................................................................... Architects, except landscape and naval ......................................................................... Landscape architects ...................................................................................................... Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists ............................................................ Cartographers and photogrammetrists ........................................................................... Surveyors ....................................................................................................................... All other architects, surveyors, and cartographers 4 ...........................................................
2 587 204 136 113 23 64 9 56 3
2 809 233 161 133 28 68 10 58 4
1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
222 29 25 20 5 4 1 2 0
8.6 14.1 18.1 17.3 22.2 5.6 15.1 4.2 10.9
802 67 40 32 8 26 4 21 1
Engineers ............................................................................................................................... Aerospace engineers .......................................................................................................... Agricultural engineers ......................................................................................................... Biomedical engineers ......................................................................................................... Chemical engineers ............................................................................................................ Civil engineers .................................................................................................................... Computer hardware engineers ........................................................................................... Electrical and electronics engineers ................................................................................... Electrical engineers ........................................................................................................ Electronics engineers, except computer ......................................................................... Environmental engineers .................................................................................................... Industrial engineers, including health and safety ................................................................ Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors ............... Industrial engineers ........................................................................................................ Marine engineers and naval architects ............................................................................... Materials engineers ............................................................................................................ Mechanical engineers ......................................................................................................... Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers ................................. Nuclear engineers .............................................................................................................. Petroleum engineers .......................................................................................................... All other engineers ..............................................................................................................
1 478 78 3 8 33 228 74 292 156 136 47 194 36 158 5 24 215 5 16 14 243
1 587 74 3 10 33 246 78 309 160 149 65 213 38 175 5 25 225 5 16 12 267
1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
109 -4 0 2 0 18 5 17 4 13 18 20 3 17 0 1 10 0 0 -1 24
7.3 -5.2 10.3 26.1 0.4 8.0 6.1 5.7 2.5 9.4 38.2 10.1 7.9 10.6 -5.0 4.1 4.8 -2.7 -0.1 -9.8 9.7
431 19 1 3 10 55 17 74 34 40 26 67 11 55 2 7 69 2 5 4 70
Drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians .................................................................... Drafters 2 ............................................................................................................................. Architectural and civil drafters ........................................................................................ Electrical and electronics drafters ................................................................................... Mechanical drafters ........................................................................................................ Engineering technicians, except drafters 2 ......................................................................... Aerospace engineering and operations technicians ....................................................... Civil engineering technicians .......................................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians ........................................................... Electro-mechanical technicians ...................................................................................... Environmental engineering technicians .......................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians .................................................................................. Mechanical engineering technicians ............................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians ................................................................................... All other drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians 4 ................................................
905 216 106 38 72 478 15 92 204 31 19 62 55 60 150
990 222 110 38 74 526 15 99 224 35 24 67 61 74 167
0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
85 6 4 0 1 48 0 7 20 4 5 5 6 14 17
9.4 2.8 4.2 0.7 1.9 10.1 1.5 7.6 10.0 11.5 28.4 8.7 11.0 23.1 11.3
304 67 34 11 22 148 3 26 63 10 9 18 18 36 53
Life, physical, and social science occupations .......................................................................... Life scientists ......................................................................................................................... Agricultural and food scientists .......................................................................................... Biological scientists ........................................................................................................... Biochemists and biophysicists ....................................................................................... Microbiologists ............................................................................................................... Zoologists and wildlife biologists ................................................................................... Biological scientists, all other ......................................................................................... Conservation scientists and foresters ................................................................................ Conservation scientists .................................................................................................. Foresters .......................................................................................................................
1 237 214 18 75 17 16 15 27 33 19 14
1 450 253 20 90 21 20 16 33 34 20 14
0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
212 39 2 14 4 3 1 6 1 1 1
17.2 18.2 9.1 19.0 22.9 20.0 7.7 22.3 4.4 4.1 4.7
511 91 5 38 9 8 6 15 11 6 5
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
258
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Medical scientists .............................................................................................................. Epidemiologists ............................................................................................................. Medical scientists, except epidemiologists .................................................................... All other life scientists ........................................................................................................
62 4 58 26
79 5 73 31
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
17 1 16 5
27.3 32.5 26.9 18.3
28 2 26 9
Physical scientists ................................................................................................................. Astronomers and physicists ............................................................................................... Astronomers .................................................................................................................. Physicists ....................................................................................................................... Atmospheric and space scientists ..................................................................................... Chemists and materials scientists ..................................................................................... Chemists ........................................................................................................................ Materials scientists ........................................................................................................ Environmental scientists and geoscientists ....................................................................... Environmental scientists and specialists, including health ............................................. Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers .................................................... Hydrologists ................................................................................................................... All other physical scientists ................................................................................................
251 14 1 13 8 91 84 7 101 65 28 8 37
287 15 1 14 9 103 95 8 121 80 31 10 39
0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
36 1 0 1 1 11 11 1 20 15 3 2 2
14.4 6.8 4.9 6.9 16.2 12.4 12.7 8.5 20.1 23.7 11.5 21.0 6.5
100 6 0 5 4 41 38 3 38 27 8 3 11
Social scientists and related occupations .............................................................................. Economists ........................................................................................................................ Market and survey researchers ......................................................................................... Market research analysts .............................................................................................. Survey researchers ....................................................................................................... Psychologists 5 ................................................................................................................... Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists .............................................................. Industrial-organizational psychologists .......................................................................... Sociologists ....................................................................................................................... Urban and regional planners ............................................................................................. Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers 5 ........................................................ Anthropologists and archeologists ................................................................................. Geographers .................................................................................................................. Historians ....................................................................................................................... Political scientists .......................................................................................................... All other social scientists and related workers 3 ..................................................................
426 16 155 134 20 139 137 2 3 32 14 5 1 2 6 68
512 18 193 166 27 173 171 2 3 36 15 5 1 2 6 74
0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
86 2 38 31 7 34 34 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 7
20.1 13.4 24.7 23.4 33.6 24.3 24.4 16.0 13.4 10.7 9.2 12.8 19.5 6.6 5.9 9.7
190 7 78 66 12 64 63 1 1 14 4 2 0 1 2 21
Life, physical, and social science technicians ....................................................................... Agricultural and food science technicians ......................................................................... Biological technicians ........................................................................................................ Chemical technicians ......................................................................................................... Geological and petroleum technicians ............................................................................... Nuclear technicians ........................................................................................................... Other life, physical, and social science technicians 5 ......................................................... Environmental science and protection technicians, including health ............................. Forensic science technicians ......................................................................................... Forest and conservation technicians ............................................................................. All other life, physical, and social science technicians 3 .....................................................
346 20 48 69 11 6 55 28 8 19 137
397 22 57 72 11 6 67 38 10 20 161
0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
51 2 9 3 0 0 12 10 2 1 24
14.8 9.3 19.4 4.7 1.3 1.5 22.8 36.8 18.9 4.0 17.5
130 6 17 20 3 2 25 17 4 5 56
Community and social services occupations ............................................................................. Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists 2 ................ Counselors 2 ....................................................................................................................... Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors .................................................. Educational, vocational, and school counselors ............................................................ Marriage and family therapists ...................................................................................... Mental health counselors ............................................................................................... Rehabilitation counselors .............................................................................................. Social workers 2 .................................................................................................................. Child, family, and school social workers ........................................................................ Medical and public health social workers ...................................................................... Mental health and substance abuse social workers ...................................................... Miscellaneous community and social service specialists 2 ................................................. Health educators ........................................................................................................... Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists .............................................. Social and human service assistants ............................................................................ Religious workers 2 ................................................................................................................. Clergy ................................................................................................................................ Directors, religious activities and education ...................................................................... All other counselors, social, and religious workers 4 ...............................................................
2 190 1 436 526 67 228 23 85 122 477 274 107 95 434 45 84 305 506 400 105 248
2 764 1 853 645 83 262 29 107 164 604 338 138 128 605 54 97 454 593 463 131 318
1.5 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2
1.7 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2
574 417 119 16 34 5 23 41 127 64 31 33 171 10 12 149 87 62 25 70
26.2 29.0 22.6 23.3 15.0 22.4 26.7 33.8 26.7 23.2 28.6 34.5 39.4 21.9 14.7 48.7 17.3 15.5 24.1 28.3
992 695 239 31 86 11 42 69 209 111 49 49 247 18 27 202 181 144 37 116
Legal occupations ...................................................................................................................... Lawyers, judges, and related workers ................................................................................... Lawyers ............................................................................................................................. Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers ................................................................ Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers ....................................... Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators ......................................................................... Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates ................................................................. Legal support workers ........................................................................................................... Paralegals and legal assistants ......................................................................................... Miscellaneous legal support workers 2 ............................................................................... Court reporters .............................................................................................................. Law clerks ...................................................................................................................... Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers ..................................................................
1 168 747 695 51 19 6 27 320 200 121 18 48 55
1 357 869 813 56 20 7 29 380 257 123 20 50 53
0.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
190 122 118 4 1 1 2 60 57 3 2 2 -1
16.2 16.4 17.0 8.3 5.8 13.7 8.7 18.7 28.7 2.1 12.7 3.7 -2.7
327 218 207 11 3 2 6 91 73 17 4 7 6
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent. 5This minor occupation group contains a detailed occupation from another minor occupation group.
259
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
All other legal and related workers 4 .......................................................................................
101
109
0.1
0.1
8
7.6
19
Education, training, and library occupations .............................................................................. Postsecondary teachers ........................................................................................................ Primary, secondary, and special education teachers ............................................................ Preschool and kindergarten teachers ................................................................................ Preschool teachers, except special education .............................................................. Kindergarten teachers, except special education .......................................................... Elementary and middle school teachers ............................................................................ Elementary school teachers, except special education ................................................. Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education ................................ Vocational education teachers, middle school .............................................................. Secondary school teachers ............................................................................................... Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education ........................... Vocational education teachers, secondary school ........................................................ Special education teachers ............................................................................................... Other teachers and instructors .............................................................................................. Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors ............................. Self-enrichment education teachers .................................................................................. All other teachers, primary, secondary, and adult 4 ............................................................
8 530 1 581 4 187 592 424 168 2 070 1 467 585 18 1 093 988 105 433 960 80 200 679
10 639 2 184 4 983 791 577 214 2 347 1 690 637 19 1 282 1 167 115 563 1 285 96 281 908
5.9 1.1 2.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.5
6.4 1.3 3.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.5
2 109 603 795 199 153 46 277 223 52 2 189 180 10 130 325 16 80 229
24.7 38.1 19.0 33.6 36.2 27.2 13.4 15.2 9.0 9.0 17.3 18.2 9.0 30.0 33.9 20.4 40.1 33.7
3 890 960 1 733 270 204 66 734 547 182 5 497 458 39 233 444 26 105 312
Librarians, curators, and archivists ........................................................................................ Archivists, curators, and museum technicians .................................................................. Librarians ........................................................................................................................... Library technicians ............................................................................................................. Other education, training, and library occupations ................................................................ Audio-visual collections specialists .................................................................................... Farm and home management advisors ............................................................................. Instructional coordinators .................................................................................................. Teacher assistants ............................................................................................................ All other library, museum, training, and other education workers 4 ....................................
309 22 167 119 1 493 10 16 98 1 277 93
349 26 184 139 1 838 11 17 123 1 571 116
0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.1
41 4 17 20 345 2 1 25 294 23
13.2 17.0 10.1 16.8 23.1 16.3 6.9 25.4 23.0 24.6
129 9 57 64 624 3 3 40 541 37
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ..................................................... Art and design occupations ................................................................................................... Artists and related workers ................................................................................................ Art directors ................................................................................................................... Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators ............................................. Multi-media artists and animators .................................................................................. Designers .......................................................................................................................... Commercial and industrial designers ............................................................................ Fashion designers ......................................................................................................... Floral designers ............................................................................................................. Graphic designers ......................................................................................................... Interior designers ........................................................................................................... Merchandise displayers and window trimmers .............................................................. Set and exhibit designers .............................................................................................. All other art and design workers 3 .......................................................................................
2 377 775 149 51 23 75 532 52 15 104 212 60 77 12 95
2 769 900 170 56 27 87 625 59 16 117 258 73 86 15 106
1.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
1.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
393 125 21 6 4 12 93 8 2 13 46 13 9 3 11
16.5 16.1 14.4 11.4 16.5 15.8 17.4 14.7 10.6 12.4 21.9 21.7 11.3 20.9 11.5
847 245 54 17 9 28 164 15 4 27 75 21 19 4 28
Entertainers and performers, sports and related occupations ............................................... Actors, producers, and directors ........................................................................................ Actors ............................................................................................................................ Producers and directors ................................................................................................ Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers .............................................................. Athletes and sports competitors .................................................................................... Coaches and scouts ...................................................................................................... Umpires, referees, and other sports officials ................................................................. Dancers and choreographers ............................................................................................ Dancers ......................................................................................................................... Choreographers ............................................................................................................. Musicians, singers, and related workers ........................................................................... Music directors and composers ..................................................................................... Musicians and singers ................................................................................................... All other entertainers and performers, sports and related workers .....................................
606 139 63 76 158 15 130 14 37 20 17 215 54 161 56
709 164 74 90 187 18 153 16 42 22 20 250 62 189 65
0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0
103 25 11 14 29 3 24 2 5 2 3 35 7 27 9
17.0 18.0 17.7 18.3 18.3 19.2 18.3 16.9 13.3 11.1 15.8 16.2 13.5 17.1 16.4
228 44 19 25 59 6 49 5 28 15 13 80 19 61 16
Media and communication occupations ................................................................................ Announcers ....................................................................................................................... News analysts, reporters and correspondents .................................................................. Public relations specialists ................................................................................................. Writers and editors ............................................................................................................ Editors ........................................................................................................................... Technical writers ............................................................................................................ Writers and authors ....................................................................................................... Miscellaneous media and communications workers ......................................................... Interpreters and translators ........................................................................................... All other media and communication workers .................................................................
700 76 66 158 319 130 50 139 82 24 58
815 68 70 210 370 145 63 161 97 29 68
0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
115 -8 4 52 51 15 13 22 15 5 10
16.4 -10.1 6.2 32.9 16.0 11.8 27.1 16.1 18.6 22.1 17.2
260 19 20 75 121 47 28 46 25 8 17
Media and communication equipment occupations ............................................................... Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators ................................... Audio and video equipment technicians ........................................................................ Broadcast technicians ................................................................................................... Radio operators ............................................................................................................. Sound engineering technicians .....................................................................................
295 93 42 35 3 13
345 111 53 39 3 16
0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
50 18 11 4 0 3
16.9 19.6 26.7 11.3 -6.2 25.5
115 41 21 13 1 6
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
3This 4This
260
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Photographers ................................................................................................................... Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors ................................. Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture .............................................. Film and video editors ................................................................................................... All other media and communication equipment workers ...................................................
130 48 28 19 24
148 56 32 25 29
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
18 9 4 5 5
13.6 18.7 13.4 26.4 20.1
44 19 10 9 10
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations .................................................................. Health diagnosing and treating practitioners ......................................................................... Chiropractors ..................................................................................................................... Dentists .............................................................................................................................. Dietitians and nutritionists .................................................................................................. Optometrists ...................................................................................................................... Pharmacists ....................................................................................................................... Physicians and surgeons ................................................................................................... Physician assistants .......................................................................................................... Podiatrists .......................................................................................................................... Registered nurses ............................................................................................................. Therapists 2 ......................................................................................................................... Audiologists ................................................................................................................... Occupational therapists ................................................................................................. Physical therapists ......................................................................................................... Radiation therapists ....................................................................................................... Recreational therapists .................................................................................................. Respiratory therapists .................................................................................................... Speech-language pathologists ...................................................................................... Veterinarians ..................................................................................................................... All other health diagnosing and treating practitioners 3 ......................................................
6 580 4 071 49 153 49 32 230 583 63 13 2 284 450 11 82 137 14 27 86 94 58 107
8 288 5 125 60 159 58 38 299 697 94 15 2 908 592 14 110 185 18 29 116 120 72 134
4.6 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
5.0 3.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
1 708 1 054 11 6 9 5 69 114 31 2 623 142 3 29 48 4 2 30 26 14 26
26.0 25.9 23.3 4.1 17.8 17.1 30.1 19.5 48.9 15.0 27.3 31.7 29.0 35.2 35.3 31.6 9.1 34.8 27.2 25.1 24.5
2 959 1 849 21 32 21 14 114 191 40 5 1 101 231 6 40 62 7 9 58 49 28 50
Health technologists and technicians 2 ................................................................................... Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .............................................................. Medical and clinical laboratory technologists ................................................................ Medical and clinical laboratory technicians ................................................................... Dental hygienists ............................................................................................................... Diagnostic related technologists and technicians .............................................................. Cardiovascular technologists and technicians ............................................................... Diagnostic medical sonographers ................................................................................. Nuclear medicine technologists ..................................................................................... Radiologic technologists and technicians ...................................................................... Emergency medical technicians and paramedics ............................................................. Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians ........................................ Dietetic technicians ........................................................................................................ Pharmacy technicians ................................................................................................... Psychiatric technicians .................................................................................................. Respiratory therapy technicians .................................................................................... Surgical technologists .................................................................................................... Veterinary technologists and technicians ...................................................................... Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ............................................................ Medical records and health information technicians .......................................................... Opticians, dispensing ........................................................................................................ Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians 2 ........................................................ Orthotists and prosthetists ............................................................................................. Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 2 .................................................... Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians .............................................. Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers 2 ............................................... Athletic trainers .............................................................................................................. All other health practitioners and technical workers 3 .........................................................
2 263 297 150 147 148 271 43 37 17 174 179 451 29 211 60 26 72 53 702 147 63 5 5 56 41 14 14 190
2 857 355 179 176 212 338 58 45 21 214 238 574 35 271 63 35 92 76 844 216 75 6 6 65 47 19 19 241
1.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
1.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
593 58 29 29 64 67 15 9 4 40 59 123 6 61 4 9 20 23 142 69 11 1 1 10 5 4 4 52
26.2 19.4 19.3 19.4 43.1 24.8 33.5 24.0 23.6 22.9 33.1 27.2 20.2 28.8 5.9 34.2 27.9 44.1 20.2 46.8 18.2 18.9 18.9 17.4 13.2 29.9 29.9 27.2
1 002 138 69 68 76 118 23 16 7 72 80 181 10 88 11 12 30 30 295 90 23 2 2 22 14 7 7 86
Service occupations ......................................................................................................................
26 569
31 905
18.4
19.3
5 336
20.1
12 962
Healthcare support occupations ................................................................................................ Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ......................................................................... Home health aides ............................................................................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ........................................................................... Psychiatric aides ................................................................................................................ Occupational and physical therapist assistants and aides .................................................... Occupational therapist assistants and aides ..................................................................... Occupational therapist assistants .................................................................................. Occupational therapist aides ......................................................................................... Physical therapist assistants and aides ............................................................................. Physical therapist assistants ......................................................................................... Physical therapist aides ................................................................................................. Other healthcare support occupations ................................................................................... Massage therapists ........................................................................................................... Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................................................................. Dental assistants ........................................................................................................... Medical assistants ......................................................................................................... Medical equipment preparers ........................................................................................ Medical transcriptionists ................................................................................................ Pharmacy aides ............................................................................................................. Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers ................................................ All other healthcare support workers .............................................................................
3 310 2 014 580 1 375 59 114 27 18 8 87 50 37 1 182 92 1 090 266 365 36 101 60 63 198
4 452 2 645 859 1 718 68 164 38 26 12 127 73 54 1 644 117 1 527 379 579 43 124 71 79 251
2.3 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
2.7 1.6 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
1 143 630 279 343 9 50 11 7 4 40 22 17 462 25 437 113 215 7 23 11 16 53
34.5 31.3 48.1 24.9 14.5 44.2 40.2 39.2 42.6 45.4 44.6 46.4 39.1 27.1 40.1 42.5 58.9 18.1 22.6 17.6 26.2 26.6
1 669 894 355 523 16 68 14 10 5 54 31 23 706 43 664 187 282 13 41 22 28 89
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations.
261
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Protective service occupations .................................................................................................. First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers ................................................. First-line supervisors/managers, law enforcement workers .............................................. First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers ................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives .............................................. First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers ........................... All other first-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers ................................
3 116 266 147 33 114 63 56
3 885 315 171 40 131 74 70
2.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
2.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
769 49 24 6 17 12 13
24.7 18.3 16.1 19.0 15.3 18.7 23.9
1 649 136 71 16 55 37 28
Fire fighting and prevention workers ..................................................................................... Fire fighters ........................................................................................................................ Fire inspectors ................................................................................................................... Law enforcement workers ..................................................................................................... Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ............................................................................ Bailiffs ............................................................................................................................ Correctional officers and jailers ..................................................................................... Detectives and criminal investigators ................................................................................ Fish and game wardens .................................................................................................... Parking enforcement workers ............................................................................................ Police officers .................................................................................................................... Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................................................................. Transit and railroad police ............................................................................................. Other protective service workers ........................................................................................... Animal control workers ...................................................................................................... Private detectives and investigators .................................................................................. Security guards and gaming surveillance officers ............................................................. Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators ................................................ Security guards .............................................................................................................. Crossing guards ................................................................................................................ All other protective service workers 3 ..................................................................................
296 282 14 1 179 442 15 427 94 8 11 625 619 6 1 374 11 48 1 004 9 995 74 237
356 340 16 1 460 547 16 531 115 8 12 779 772 7 1 753 12 60 1 324 11 1 313 86 271
0.2 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.2
60 58 2 281 105 1 103 21 1 1 154 153 1 379 1 12 319 2 317 12 34
20.3 20.7 11.6 23.9 23.7 9.5 24.2 22.4 7.1 11.5 24.6 24.7 15.9 27.6 12.6 25.3 31.8 24.6 31.9 16.5 14.3
146 140 6 563 197 5 192 46 2 3 315 313 2 804 9 22 538 4 534 36 199
Food preparation and serving related occupations ................................................................... Supervisors, food preparation and serving workers .............................................................. Chefs and head cooks ....................................................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers ........................ Cooks and food preparation workers 2 ................................................................................... Cooks 2 ............................................................................................................................... Cooks, fast food ............................................................................................................. Cooks, institution and cafeteria ..................................................................................... Cooks, private household .............................................................................................. Cooks, restaurant .......................................................................................................... Cooks, short order ......................................................................................................... Food preparation workers .................................................................................................. Food and beverage serving workers ..................................................................................... Bartenders ......................................................................................................................... Fast food and counter workers .......................................................................................... Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food ........................... Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop ................................. Waiters and waitresses ..................................................................................................... Food servers, nonrestaurant ............................................................................................. Other food preparation and serving related workers 2 ............................................................ Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers ........................................... Dishwashers ...................................................................................................................... Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ............................................... All other food preparation and serving related workers 3 ....................................................
10 200 824 132 692 2 836 1 986 588 436 8 727 227 850 5 211 463 2 457 1 990 467 2 097 195 1 328 409 505 298 117
11 807 952 153 800 3 182 2 160 617 445 8 843 247 1 022 6 171 503 2 989 2 444 545 2 464 215 1 502 470 551 347 134
7.1 0.6 0.1 0.5 2.0 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.6 3.6 0.3 1.7 1.4 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1
7.1 0.6 0.1 0.5 1.9 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.6 3.7 0.3 1.8 1.5 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1
1 607 128 21 107 346 174 29 9 0 116 20 172 960 40 532 454 78 367 20 173 61 46 49 18
15.8 15.6 15.8 15.5 12.2 8.8 4.9 2.1 -5.4 15.9 9.0 20.2 18.4 8.6 21.7 22.8 16.7 17.5 10.4 13.0 14.9 9.0 16.4 15.2
5 659 332 60 272 1 262 789 211 144 3 341 91 473 3 454 223 1 699 1 317 383 1 446 85 611 198 216 143 54
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................................................. Supervisors, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers ................................ First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers .......................... First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers ......................................................................................................................... Building cleaning and pest control workers ........................................................................... Building cleaning workers 2 ................................................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners ................................ Maids and housekeeping cleaners ................................................................................ Pest control workers .......................................................................................................... Grounds maintenance workers 2 ............................................................................................ Grounds maintenance workers ........................................................................................... Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ................................................................... Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation ............................................ Tree trimmers and pruners ............................................................................................ All other building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers 3 .................................
5 485 380 230
6 386 449 267
3.8 0.3 0.2
3.9 0.3 0.2
901 70 37
16.4 18.4 16.2
2 000 138 92
150 3 820 3 759 2 267 1 492 62 1 285 1 160 1 074 27 59 125
182 4 381 4 309 2 681 1 629 72 1 555 1 410 1 311 30 69 145
0.1 2.7 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.1 2.7 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1
32 561 550 414 137 10 270 250 237 3 11 20
21.6 14.7 14.6 18.3 9.2 17.0 21.0 21.5 22.0 9.7 18.6 16.1
46 1 314 1 294 844 450 20 548 503 470 9 24 46
Personal care and service occupations ..................................................................................... Supervisors, personal care and service workers ................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers .......................................................... Gaming supervisors ....................................................................................................... Slot key persons ............................................................................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers ............................................ Animal care and service workers ........................................................................................... Animal trainers ................................................................................................................... Nonfarm animal caretakers ...............................................................................................
4 458 276 60 39 21 216 151 26 125
5 375 305 69 45 24 236 183 30 153
3.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
3.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
917 29 9 6 3 20 32 4 28
20.6 10.7 15.4 15.7 14.8 9.4 20.8 14.3 22.2
1 985 96 22 14 8 74 68 9 59
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. is not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations.
262
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Entertainment attendants and related workers ...................................................................... Gaming services workers 2 ................................................................................................. Gaming dealers ............................................................................................................. Gaming and sports book writers and runners ................................................................ Motion picture projectionists .............................................................................................. Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers ....................................................................... Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers 2 ......................................... Amusement and recreation attendants .......................................................................... Costume attendants ...................................................................................................... Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants ................................................ All other gaming service workers 4 ..................................................................................... Funeral service workers ........................................................................................................ Embalmers ........................................................................................................................ Funeral attendants ............................................................................................................. Personal appearance workers ............................................................................................... Barbers and cosmetologists .............................................................................................. Barbers .......................................................................................................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ............................................................... Miscellaneous personal appearance workers ................................................................... Makeup artists, theatrical and performance .................................................................. Manicurists and pedicurists ........................................................................................... Shampooers .................................................................................................................. Skin care specialists ...................................................................................................... Transportation, tourism, and lodging attendants ................................................................... Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges ...................................................................... Baggage porters and bellhops ....................................................................................... Concierges .................................................................................................................... Tour and travel guides ....................................................................................................... Tour guides and escorts ................................................................................................ Travel guides ................................................................................................................. Transportation attendants .................................................................................................. Flight attendants ............................................................................................................ Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters ..................... Other personal care and service workers .............................................................................. Child care workers ............................................................................................................. Personal and home care aides .......................................................................................... Recreation and fitness workers ......................................................................................... Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ....................................................................... Recreation workers ........................................................................................................ Residential advisors .......................................................................................................... Personal care and service workers, all other .....................................................................
507 92 78 14 9 105 261 234 4 23 40 33 7 26 754 651 66 585 103 2 51 25 25 248 75 58 17 43 36 6 130 104 26 2 490 1 211 608 485 183 302 53 134
626 115 97 18 9 121 333 299 5 29 49 38 7 31 865 741 70 671 124 2 63 29 30 284 86 67 20 47 40 6 152 121 31 3 073 1 353 854 628 264 364 71 168
0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1
119 23 19 3 0 16 72 65 1 6 9 5 1 5 111 90 4 86 21 0 12 4 5 36 11 8 3 4 4 0 22 17 5 583 142 246 143 81 62 18 35
23.6 24.7 24.7 24.4 0.4 15.5 27.6 27.8 25.1 26.5 21.3 16.7 8.3 18.9 14.7 13.8 6.5 14.7 20.3 18.2 22.7 16.6 19.4 14.7 14.6 14.4 15.3 9.3 11.0 -0.3 16.5 15.9 18.9 23.4 11.7 40.5 29.5 44.5 20.5 33.6 25.9
300 52 44 8 5 76 147 132 2 13 21 12 2 10 262 221 23 199 41 1 21 9 10 84 31 24 7 15 14 2 38 30 8 1 161 471 343 254 123 131 29 63
Sales and related occupations ......................................................................................................
15 260
17 231
10.6
10.4
1 971
12.9
6 904
Supervisors, sales workers ........................................................................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers ......................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers ................................................. Retail sales workers .................................................................................................................. Cashiers ................................................................................................................................ Cashiers, except gaming ................................................................................................... Gaming change persons and booth cashiers .................................................................... Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons ................................................................ Counter and rental clerks .................................................................................................. Parts salespersons ........................................................................................................ Retail salespersons ........................................................................................................... Sales representatives, services 2 ............................................................................................ Advertising sales agents .................................................................................................... Insurance sales agents ...................................................................................................... Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ........................................... Travel agents ..................................................................................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ........................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products ... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products ........................................................................................................................ Other sales and related workers ............................................................................................ Models, demonstrators, and product promoters ................................................................ Demonstrators and product promoters .......................................................................... Models ........................................................................................................................... Real estate brokers and sales agents ............................................................................... Real estate brokers ....................................................................................................... Real estate sales agents ............................................................................................... Sales engineers ................................................................................................................. Telemarketers .................................................................................................................... Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers ..................... All other sales and related workers 3 ..................................................................................
2 395 1 798 597 8 224 3 465 3 432 33 683 436 248 4 076 957 157 381 300 118 1 857 398
2 599 1 962 637 9 392 3 927 3 886 41 793 550 243 4 672 1 033 178 413 339 102 2 213 475
1.7 1.2 0.4 5.7 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 2.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.3
1.6 1.2 0.4 5.7 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 2.8 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.3
204 163 41 1 167 462 454 8 109 114 -5 596 76 21 32 39 -16 356 77
8.5 9.1 6.8 14.2 13.3 13.2 24.1 16.0 26.3 -2.0 14.6 7.9 13.4 8.4 13.0 -13.8 19.2 19.3
640 486 153 4 578 2 148 2 124 24 352 281 71 2 077 274 52 123 73 27 844 182
1 459 1 827 179 175 5 407 99 308 82 428 155 577
1 738 1 994 210 204 5 427 101 325 98 406 137 717
1.0 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4
1.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4
279 167 30 30 1 20 2 18 16 -21 -18 140
19.1 9.2 16.9 17.0 14.5 4.9 2.4 5.7 19.9 -4.9 -11.8 24.3
662 568 70 68 2 101 22 79 41 70 37 250
Office and administrative support occupations .............................................................................. Supervisors, office and administrative support workers ............................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers ....................... Communications equipment operators ...................................................................................... Switchboard operators, including answering service ............................................................. Telephone operators .............................................................................................................
23 851 1 459 1 459 304 236 50
25 464 1 555 1 555 272 236 22
16.6 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0
15.4 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0
1 613 96 96 -32 1 -28
6.8 6.6 6.6 -10.5 0.3 -56.3
7 499 409 409 78 61 13
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
263
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
All other communications equipment operators .................................................................... Financial clerks .......................................................................................................................... Bill and account collectors ..................................................................................................... Billing and posting clerks and machine operators ................................................................. Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ...................................................................... Gaming cage workers ............................................................................................................ Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................................................................................. Procurement clerks ................................................................................................................ Tellers .................................................................................................................................... Information and record clerks 2 ................................................................................................... Brokerage clerks .................................................................................................................... Correspondence clerks .......................................................................................................... Court, municipal, and license clerks ...................................................................................... Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ............................................................................... Customer service representatives ......................................................................................... Eligibility interviewers, government programs ....................................................................... File clerks .............................................................................................................................. Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ...................................................................................... Interviewers, except eligibility and loan ................................................................................. Library assistants, clerical ..................................................................................................... Loan interviewers and clerks ................................................................................................. New accounts clerks .............................................................................................................. Order clerks ........................................................................................................................... Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping .............................................. Receptionists and information clerks ..................................................................................... Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks ............................................. All other financial, information, and record clerks 4 ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing occupations ................................ Cargo and freight agents ....................................................................................................... Couriers and Messengers ..................................................................................................... Dispatchers ............................................................................................................................ Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers ............................................................................ Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance ............................................................... Meter readers, utilities ........................................................................................................... Postal service workers ........................................................................................................... Postal service clerks .......................................................................................................... Postal service mail carriers ................................................................................................ Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators ..................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks .......................................................................... Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks .................................................................................... Stock clerks and order fillers ................................................................................................. Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ............................................. All other material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers 4 ................... Secretaries and administrative assistants ................................................................................. Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ............................................................. Legal secretaries ................................................................................................................... Medical secretaries ................................................................................................................ Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ................................................................. Other office and administrative support workers ....................................................................... Computer operators ............................................................................................................... Data entry and information processing workers 2 .................................................................. Data entry keyers .............................................................................................................. Word processors and typists ............................................................................................. Desktop publishers ................................................................................................................ Insurance claims and policy processing clerks ...................................................................... Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service .............................................. Office clerks, general ............................................................................................................. Office machine operators, except computer .......................................................................... Proofreaders and copy markers ............................................................................................ Statistical assistants .............................................................................................................. All other secretaries, administrative assistants, and other office workers ..............................
19 3 726 413 507 1 983 18 198 77 530 5 394 78 33 106 80 1 894 94 265 178 193 120 170 99 330 174 1 100 177 304 4 005 59 132 262 92 170 54 664 77 334 253 288 803 1 628 81 34 4 104 1 526 264 339 1 975 4 858 182 633 392 241 35 266 170 2 991 96 27 23 435
14 3 987 514 547 2 042 21 211 72 580 6 310 67 33 119 74 2 354 83 264 220 247 146 146 110 311 207 1 425 199 306 4 025 68 138 298 104 194 46 636 77 333 226 328 827 1 560 93 32 4 288 1 658 313 398 1 918 5 027 151 519 371 148 45 276 165 3 301 91 26 22 431
0.0 2.6 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 3.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.0 2.8 1.1 0.2 0.2 1.4 3.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3
0.0 2.4 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.0 2.6 1.0 0.2 0.2 1.2 3.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3
-5 261 101 40 59 3 13 -5 50 916 -11 0 13 -5 460 -11 -1 42 54 26 -24 11 -19 33 325 22 2 20 9 5 36 12 24 -8 -28 0 -2 -26 40 24 -68 12 -2 184 132 50 58 -57 169 -30 -114 -21 -93 10 10 -5 310 -4 -1 -2 -4
-24.6 7.0 24.5 7.9 3.0 14.5 6.5 -6.7 9.4 17.0 -14.7 -1.4 12.3 -6.7 24.3 -11.6 -0.3 23.9 28.0 21.5 -14.3 11.2 -5.7 19.3 29.5 12.2 0.5 0.5 15.5 4.0 13.8 12.7 14.4 -14.1 -4.3 -0.5 -0.5 -10.5 14.1 3.0 -4.2 14.6 -6.9 4.5 8.7 18.8 17.2 -2.9 3.5 -16.7 -18.1 -5.4 -38.6 29.2 3.6 -2.9 10.4 -4.6 -4.8 -7.2 -0.9
4 1 143 179 126 431 12 65 20 311 2 134 10 10 36 15 741 25 78 122 104 75 23 36 74 71 595 68 49 1 306 22 36 92 32 61 17 192 20 105 67 110 189 602 32 13 1 026 424 100 123 378 1 404 39 146 93 53 18 53 51 972 24 6 4 92
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ....................................................................................
1 072
1 107
0.7
0.7
35
3.3
335
Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers ................................................................... Agricultural workers ................................................................................................................... Agricultural inspectors ........................................................................................................... Animal breeders .................................................................................................................... Graders and sorters, agricultural products ............................................................................ Miscellaneous agricultural workers 2 ...................................................................................... Agricultural equipment operators ....................................................................................... Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ............................................... Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals .............................................................................. Fishing and hunting workers ...................................................................................................... Fishers and related fishing workers ....................................................................................... Hunters and trappers ............................................................................................................. Forest, conservation, and logging workers ................................................................................ Forest and conservation workers .......................................................................................... Logging workers 2 ................................................................................................................... Fallers ................................................................................................................................ Logging equipment operators ............................................................................................ Log graders and scalers ....................................................................................................
52 804 16 9 49 731 61 617 53 38 36 1 81 14 67 14 43 10
58 840 17 10 52 762 65 641 56 28 27 2 80 15 65 14 41 10
0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 36 1 1 3 31 4 24 2 -10 -10 0 -2 1 -2 0 -2 0
11.4 4.5 6.7 6.1 6.7 4.3 7.3 4.0 4.4 -25.5 -26.8 6.5 -1.9 4.5 -3.2 -3.4 -3.7 -1.2
18 261 5 2 16 238 22 199 17 11 10 1 16 4 12 3 8 2
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
264
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
All other farming, fishing, and forestry workers 3 ........................................................................
96
101
0.1
0.1
4
4.5
28
Construction and extraction occupations ....................................................................................... Supervisors, construction and extraction workers ..................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers ..................... Construction trades and related workers ................................................................................... Boilermakers .......................................................................................................................... Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons ..................................................................... Brickmasons and blockmasons ......................................................................................... Stonemasons ..................................................................................................................... Carpenters ............................................................................................................................. Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers ......................................................................... Carpet installers ................................................................................................................. Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles .............................................................. Floor sanders and finishers ............................................................................................... Tile and marble setters ...................................................................................................... Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers ................................................... Cement masons and concrete finishers ............................................................................ Terrazzo workers and finishers ......................................................................................... Construction laborers ............................................................................................................ Construction equipment operators ........................................................................................ Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators ....................................................... Pile-driver operators .......................................................................................................... Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators ................................... Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers ................................................................ Drywall and ceiling tile installers ........................................................................................ Tapers ............................................................................................................................... Electricians ............................................................................................................................ Glaziers ................................................................................................................................. Insulation workers .................................................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers ................................................................................................... Painters, construction and maintenance ........................................................................... Paperhangers .................................................................................................................... Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ................................................................ Pipelayers .......................................................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters .............................................................................. Plasterers and stucco masons .............................................................................................. Reinforcing iron and rebar workers ....................................................................................... Roofers .................................................................................................................................. Sheet metal workers .............................................................................................................. Structural iron and steel workers ........................................................................................... Helpers, construction trades ...................................................................................................... Helpers, construction trades .................................................................................................. Helpers—Brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters ............ Helpers—Carpenters ......................................................................................................... Helpers—Electricians ........................................................................................................ Helpers—Painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons .................................. Helpers—Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ............................................ Helpers—Roofers .............................................................................................................. All other helpers, construction trades ................................................................................ Other construction and related workers 2 ................................................................................... Construction and building inspectors ..................................................................................... Elevator installers and repairers ............................................................................................ Fence erectors ....................................................................................................................... Hazardous materials removal workers .................................................................................. Highway maintenance workers .............................................................................................. Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators ...................................................... Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners ..................................................................... Miscellaneous construction and related workers 2 .................................................................. Segmental pavers .............................................................................................................. All other construction trades and related workers 4 .................................................................... Extraction workers ..................................................................................................................... Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining ..................................... Derrick operators, oil and gas ............................................................................................ Rotary drill operators, oil and gas ...................................................................................... Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining ....................................................................... Earth drillers, except oil and gas ........................................................................................... Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters .............................................. Mining machine operators ..................................................................................................... Continuous mining machine operators .............................................................................. Mine cutting and channeling machine operators ............................................................... All other mining machine operators ................................................................................... Rock splitters, quarry ............................................................................................................. Roof bolters, mining ............................................................................................................... Roustabouts, oil and gas ....................................................................................................... Helpers—Extraction workers ................................................................................................. Extraction workers, all other .................................................................................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ........................................................................ Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers ................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers ............................... Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ................................. Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers ....................................................
7 292 633 633 5 596 25 165 148 17 1 209 164 82 31 17 33 188 182 6 938 416 58 5 353 176 135 41 659 49 53 468 448 20 550 58 492 59 29 166 205 78 431 431 59 97 99 31 79 21 44 354 84 21 27 38 154 11 18 2 2 110 167 41 15 14 13 23 5 18 8 5 4 3 4 32 29 12 5 696 444 444 689 156
8 388 722 722 6 452 25 188 169 19 1 331 191 96 35 18 42 236 229 7 1 070 460 65 6 389 214 164 49 814 57 62 521 500 21 649 65 584 67 33 197 246 90 490 490 61 111 117 36 88 25 53 408 95 25 31 54 170 9 22 3 3 146 169 41 15 14 13 25 5 16 7 5 4 3 3 34 30 12 6 472 512 512 746 180
5.1 0.4 0.4 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.1
5.1 0.4 0.4 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.1
1 096 89 89 857 0 23 21 2 122 27 14 4 1 9 48 47 1 133 45 7 0 37 37 29 8 154 8 8 53 52 1 99 7 92 8 5 31 41 12 59 59 1 14 18 5 9 4 9 54 12 4 4 16 16 -1 4 0 0 35 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 -2 -2 0 0 0 -1 2 1 0 776 68 68 57 24
15.0 14.1 14.1 15.3 1.7 14.2 14.2 14.1 10.1 16.8 16.8 13.4 4.2 26.5 25.7 26.1 15.2 14.2 10.7 12.6 8.2 10.4 21.3 21.4 20.8 23.4 17.2 15.8 11.4 11.6 5.9 18.0 11.8 18.7 13.5 16.7 18.6 19.8 15.9 13.7 13.7 2.2 14.0 17.9 15.9 10.9 19.3 19.4 15.2 13.8 17.1 13.4 43.1 10.4 -11.5 21.2 16.5 16.5 32.0 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.5 -0.8 7.7 2.0 -13.3 -18.5 -7.1 -10.8 14.3 -27.7 6.4 3.9 -0.8 13.6 15.4 15.4 8.3 15.1
2 548 197 197 1 887 9 48 43 5 319 53 27 9 3 14 86 84 2 258 144 16 1 127 76 58 17 285 19 25 124 120 4 225 20 205 19 10 70 90 28 238 238 26 54 59 18 42 13 27 123 30 9 8 26 38 2 9 1 1 53 51 12 4 4 4 7 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 11 9 3 2 087 180 180 193 43
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
265
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers ...................................... Radio mechanics ............................................................................................................... Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers ................. Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ....... Avionics technicians .......................................................................................................... Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers ............................................................... Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment ..................... Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment ........................ Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay ........................... Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles .......................................... Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers ................................... Security and fire alarm systems installers ......................................................................... All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 4 ..............
226 7 219 284 23 31 18 85 21 18 43 46 22
222 5 217 317 24 33 19 94 21 21 46 60 26
0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-4 -2 -1 33 1 2 1 9 0 3 4 14 4
-1.6 -29.3 -0.6 11.5 3.4 5.3 7.1 10.3 -0.6 14.8 8.6 30.2 19.6
47 2 45 95 6 9 6 27 5 7 12 23 9
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ......................................... Aircraft mechanics and service technicians ........................................................................... Automotive technicians and repairers ................................................................................... Automotive body and related repairers .............................................................................. Automotive glass installers and repairers .......................................................................... Automotive service technicians and mechanics ................................................................ Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ........................................................ Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics ........................... Farm equipment mechanics .............................................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines ....................................................... Rail car repairers ............................................................................................................... Small engine mechanics ........................................................................................................ Motorboat mechanics ........................................................................................................ Motorcycle mechanics ....................................................................................................... Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics ......................................... Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ............... Bicycle repairers ................................................................................................................ Recreational vehicle service technicians ........................................................................... Tire repairers and changers .............................................................................................. All other vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 4 ......................
1 817 131 1 038 198 22 818 267 176 35 126 15 67 22 15 30 102 7 13 83 36
2 043 145 1 168 225 24 919 305 191 38 138 15 79 26 18 36 113 8 15 89 41
1.3 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
1.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
226 14 130 26 2 101 38 15 3 12 1 12 4 3 6 11 1 3 7 6
12.4 11.0 12.5 13.2 10.7 12.4 14.2 8.8 7.7 9.6 4.5 18.7 18.3 18.7 18.9 10.4 18.8 21.8 8.0 15.4
695 45 392 67 6 319 107 54 10 39 4 29 9 7 13 54 4 8 42 15
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ........................................................... Control and valve installers and repairers ............................................................................. Mechanical door repairers ................................................................................................. Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door ................................. Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers ................................... Home appliance repairers ..................................................................................................... Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers ...................................... Industrial machinery mechanics ........................................................................................ Maintenance and repair workers, general ......................................................................... Maintenance workers, machinery ...................................................................................... Millwrights .......................................................................................................................... Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons ......................................................... Line installers and repairers .................................................................................................. Electrical power-line installers and repairers ..................................................................... Telecommunications line installers and repairers .............................................................. Precision instrument and equipment repairers ...................................................................... Camera and photographic equipment repairers ................................................................ Medical equipment repairers ............................................................................................. Musical instrument repairers and tuners ........................................................................... Watch repairers ................................................................................................................. All other precision instrument and equipment repairers ....................................................
2 746 49 11 38 249 42 1 628 197 1 266 92 69 4 268 101 167 64 7 29 6 5 17
3 171 55 13 42 328 44 1 855 208 1 472 97 73 4 301 103 199 69 6 33 7 5 18
1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
424 7 2 5 79 2 227 11 207 5 4 0 33 2 31 6 0 4 0 0 1
15.5 14.1 21.8 12.0 31.8 5.5 13.9 5.5 16.3 5.9 5.3 5.6 12.3 1.6 18.8 8.6 -7.1 14.8 6.3 3.5 7.0
1 019 19 5 14 112 12 548 51 450 26 21 1 111 34 77 24 2 12 2 2 6
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers ............................................... Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers ..................................... Commercial divers ............................................................................................................. Fabric menders, except garment ....................................................................................... Locksmiths and safe repairers ........................................................................................... Manufactured building and mobile home installers ........................................................... Riggers .............................................................................................................................. Signal and track switch repairers ....................................................................................... Helpers—Installation, maintenance, and repair workers ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other ....................................................
447 43 4 2 23 18 14 8 150 185
518 49 5 2 28 22 16 8 181 207
0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
71 6 0 0 5 4 2 0 30 23
15.8 15.2 10.6 -2.2 21.0 23.3 14.3 -3.1 20.3 12.2
193 17 1 1 12 9 5 3 81 65
Production occupations .................................................................................................................
11 258
11 612
7.8
7.0
354
3.1
3 361
Supervisors, production workers ............................................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers .................................. Assemblers and fabricators ....................................................................................................... Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers .............................................. Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers ................................................... Coil winders, tapers, and finishers ..................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ............................................................... Electromechanical equipment assemblers ........................................................................ Engine and other machine assemblers ................................................................................. Structural metal fabricators and fitters ................................................................................... Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators ............................................................................ Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ................................................................................
733 733 2 122 27 377 36 281 60 50 89 1 579 37
803 803 2 044 24 316 31 230 55 49 94 1 561 39
0.5 0.5 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.0
0.5 0.5 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.0
70 70 -77 -2 -61 -5 -51 -5 -1 6 -18 2
9.5 9.5 -3.6 -9.4 -16.3 -13.9 -18.3 -8.3 -1.9 6.2 -1.1 5.6
224 224 547 7 89 9 66 14 14 26 410 12
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
266
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Team assemblers .............................................................................................................. Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators ....................................................... All other assemblers and fabricators .................................................................................
1 174 7 361
1 155 6 360
0.8 0.0 0.3
0.7 0.0 0.2
-19 0 -1
-1.6 -3.0 -0.2
304 2 93
Food processing occupations .................................................................................................... Bakers ................................................................................................................................... Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers ............................................ Butchers and meat cutters ................................................................................................. Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers ..................................................................... Slaughterers and meat packers ......................................................................................... Miscellaneous food processing workers ................................................................................ Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders ............... Food batchmakers ............................................................................................................. Food cooking machine operators and tenders .................................................................. All other food processing workers 4 ........................................................................................
757 173 414 132 154 128 127 19 74 34 42
836 192 459 129 179 151 137 20 79 37 48
0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
79 19 45 -3 25 23 9 1 5 3 6
10.5 11.2 10.9 -2.5 16.4 18.1 7.2 4.2 7.2 8.8 13.4
254 59 139 29 59 51 41 6 23 11 15
Metal workers and plastic workers 2 ........................................................................................... Computer control programmers and operators ..................................................................... Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic ....................................... Numerical tool and process control programmers ............................................................. Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .................................... Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .......... Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................................. Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .................................. Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................................ Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ............................................................................................................................ Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .......... Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................................................................................................... Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........... Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................ Machinists .............................................................................................................................. Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders ....................................................................... Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders .................................................................... Pourers and casters, metal ................................................................................................ Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic ............................................................ Model makers, metal and plastic ....................................................................................... Patternmakers, metal and plastic ...................................................................................... Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................. Foundry mold and coremakers .......................................................................................... Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................................................................................................................... Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .............................. Tool and die makers .............................................................................................................. Welding, soldering, and brazing workers ............................................................................... Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers ........................................................................... Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders ......................... Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .................................................................. Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ...................... Lay-out workers, metal and plastic .................................................................................... Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ............... Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners ................................................................................. All other metal workers and plastic workers ......................................................................
2 367 151 132 19 188 98 45 44 546
2 544 166 144 22 198 105 48 45 569
1.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4
1.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3
177 15 12 3 11 7 3 1 24
7.5 9.8 9.3 13.0 5.6 7.1 5.9 2.0 4.3
754 40 34 6 60 40 9 11 144
283 53
302 54
0.2 0.0
0.2 0.0
19 1
6.8 2.1
85 17
104 75 31 387 31 18 13 15 9 6 174 23
106 75 31 419 30 17 13 16 10 7 189 24
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
3 1 0 32 0 0 0 1 1 0 14 1
2.4 0.8 0.8 8.2 -1.3 -0.8 -2.0 9.8 14.6 3.6 8.2 3.6
22 15 6 122 7 4 3 6 4 2 58 7
151 99 109 452 391 61 215 29 13 44 26 104
165 107 110 518 457 62 221 29 15 42 24 111
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
14 8 0 67 66 1 6 0 2 -1 -2 7
8.9 8.3 0.4 14.8 17.0 0.9 2.6 -0.6 15.6 -2.6 -7.7 6.6
51 35 25 194 177 18 62 9 4 10 8 31
Printing occupations .................................................................................................................. Bookbinders and bindery workers ......................................................................................... Bindery workers ................................................................................................................. Bookbinders ....................................................................................................................... Printers .................................................................................................................................. Job printers ........................................................................................................................ Prepress technicians and workers ..................................................................................... Printing machine operators ................................................................................................ All other printing workers 4 ......................................................................................................
465 98 91 7 346 56 91 199 21
466 93 86 7 350 61 81 208 23
0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
1 -5 -5 0 4 5 -10 9 2
0.3 -4.7 -5.2 1.3 1.2 9.2 -11.2 4.6 9.3
128 26 24 2 95 18 21 55 7
Textile, apparel, and furnishings occupations ........................................................................... Laundry and dry-cleaning workers ........................................................................................ Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials .................................................................. Sewing machine operators .................................................................................................... Shoe and leather workers ...................................................................................................... Shoe and leather workers and repairers ........................................................................... Shoe machine operators and tenders ............................................................................... Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers ......................................................................................... Sewers, hand ..................................................................................................................... Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers ........................................................................ Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders ................................................................... Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders .......................................... Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders .................................................... Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................... Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, tenders ................. Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ....................................................... Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers .............................................................................................................................
1 085 231 91 315 23 16 7 90 36 53 179 27 34 53 66 156
932 260 91 216 18 14 5 77 29 48 124 19 26 33 46 147
0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
-152 29 0 -99 -4 -3 -2 -13 -8 -5 -56 -8 -8 -20 -20 -9
-14.1 12.3 -0.2 -31.5 -19.0 -16.1 -26.1 -14.0 -21.2 -9.1 -31.0 -28.7 -22.6 -38.6 -30.3 -5.9
240 91 14 39 6 5 1 16 6 9 33 7 8 6 12 41
27
24
0.0
0.0
-4
-13.1
5
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
267
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Fabric and apparel patternmakers ..................................................................................... Upholsterers ...................................................................................................................... All other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers .............................................................
11 56 61
8 51 63
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
-3 -5 2
-24.6 -8.7 3.3
5 14 16
Woodworkers ............................................................................................................................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters ................................................................................... Furniture finishers .................................................................................................................. Model makers and patternmakers, wood .............................................................................. Model makers, wood ......................................................................................................... Patternmakers, wood ......................................................................................................... Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders ........................................................ Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood .................................................... Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing ............................ All other woodworkers ........................................................................................................... Plant and system operators ....................................................................................................... Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers ............................................................ Nuclear power reactor operators ....................................................................................... Power distributors and dispatchers ................................................................................... Power plant operators ....................................................................................................... Stationary engineers and boiler operators ............................................................................. Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators .............................................. Miscellaneous plant and system operators ........................................................................... Chemical plant and system operators ............................................................................... Gas plant operators ........................................................................................................... Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers ............................... All other plant and system operators .................................................................................
374 147 39 9 4 4 151 56 95 29 346 51 3 12 35 55 99 141 58 12 39 32
393 160 41 10 5 5 153 56 98 29 353 51 3 12 36 56 115 132 51 13 35 33
0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
19 14 1 1 0 0 3 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 16 -9 -7 1 -4 2
5.1 9.4 3.3 11.1 10.3 11.8 1.8 -0.2 3.0 1.7 2.0 -0.7 -3.2 -3.0 0.3 0.3 16.0 -6.2 -12.3 6.7 -11.0 5.6
115 50 9 3 2 2 44 16 28 9 120 14 1 3 10 10 50 46 18 5 12 12
Other production occupations .................................................................................................... Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................. Chemical equipment operators and tenders ...................................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders .......................................................................................................................... Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers ................................................. Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders ...................... Grinding and polishing workers, hand ............................................................................... Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders .......................................... Cutting workers ...................................................................................................................... Cutters and trimmers, hand ............................................................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................. Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders ....... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders ................................................. Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers ............................................................ Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers ................................................................... Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians ........................................................ Dental laboratory technicians ............................................................................................ Medical appliance technicians ........................................................................................... Ophthalmic laboratory technicians .................................................................................... Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ........................................................... Painting workers .................................................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders ........................ Painters, transportation equipment .................................................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating workers ......................................................................... Photographic process workers and processing machine operators ...................................... Photographic process workers .......................................................................................... Photographic processing machine operators .................................................................... Semiconductor processors .................................................................................................... Miscellaneous production workers ........................................................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders ..................................................... Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders ........................ Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders .................................................... Etchers and engravers ...................................................................................................... Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic .................................................. Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders ...................................................... Tire builders ....................................................................................................................... Helpers—Production workers ............................................................................................ All other production workers ..............................................................................................
3 010 94 58
3 240 92 56
2.1 0.1 0.0
2.0 0.1 0.0
230 -2 -2
7.7 -2.0 -3.8
977 30 19
36 196 45 45 106 109 31 77 73 31 515 40 94 47 14 33 387 187 103 50 34 82 28 54 46 1 155 27 18 7 10 46 117 14 467 449
36 192 44 49 99 116 33 83 73 29 539 42 101 49 16 36 468 211 112 59 40 89 30 59 42 1 245 28 19 8 10 49 114 15 503 500
0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3
0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3
0 -4 -1 4 -7 7 2 5 0 -2 24 2 7 2 2 3 82 24 10 9 6 6 2 5 -5 90 0 1 1 1 3 -3 1 36 51
0.8 -2.1 -2.8 9.0 -6.5 6.9 7.6 6.6 -0.1 -4.9 4.7 4.5 7.4 3.6 16.1 9.2 21.1 13.0 9.4 17.5 17.6 7.9 5.4 9.2 -10.6 7.8 1.1 6.9 7.1 6.1 6.4 -2.8 6.6 7.7 11.3
12 55 12 16 28 30 9 21 19 7 141 10 27 12 5 10 159 73 36 22 15 27 9 18 10 388 8 7 3 3 14 25 4 167 158
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........................................................................
9 828
11 111
6.8
6.7
1 282
13.0
3 496
Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers ......................................................... Aircraft cargo handling supervisors ....................................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ................. First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators .......................................................................................................................... Air transportation occupations ................................................................................................... Aircraft pilots and flight engineers ......................................................................................... Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers ........................................................................ Commercial pilots .............................................................................................................. Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists ......................................................... Air traffic controllers ........................................................................................................... Airfield operations specialists ............................................................................................ All other air transportation workers 4 .......................................................................................
364 9 147
411 10 168
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
47 1 21
12.9 15.6 14.0
132 3 55
207 144 100 79 21 32 26 6 12
232 168 118 94 24 36 29 7 14
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25 24 18 15 3 4 3 1 2
12.1 17.0 17.8 18.5 14.9 13.5 12.6 17.2 19.4
74 62 45 36 9 12 10 3 5
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Motor vehicle operators ............................................................................................................. Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians ........................ Bus drivers ............................................................................................................................. Bus drivers, transit and intercity ........................................................................................ Bus drivers, school ............................................................................................................ Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .................................................................................. Driver/sales workers .......................................................................................................... Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .............................................................................. Truck drivers, light or delivery services ............................................................................. Taxi drivers and chauffeurs ................................................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators ...........................................................................................
4 136 17 654 202 453 3 221 431 1 767 1 022 132 111
4 896 22 761 233 528 3 813 450 2 104 1 259 161 139
2.9 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.2 0.3 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.1
3.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.3 0.3 1.3 0.8 0.1 0.1
760 5 106 31 76 592 19 337 237 29 28
18.4 26.7 16.2 15.2 16.7 18.4 4.3 19.0 23.2 21.7 25.2
1 385 6 249 75 174 1 045 89 625 331 41 44
Rail transportation occupations ................................................................................................. Locomotive engineers and operators .................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators .......................................................................... Railroad conductors and yardmasters .................................................................................... Subway, streetcar operators and all other rail transportation workers 3 ................................. Water transportation occupations ............................................................................................... Sailors and marine oilers ........................................................................................................ Ship and boat captains and operators .................................................................................... Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels ..................................................................... Motorboat operators ........................................................................................................... Ship engineers ........................................................................................................................ All other water transportation workers ....................................................................................
101 33 15 38 15 68 27 29 25 4 8 4
96 31 12 36 17 70 28 30 26 4 9 4
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-5 -2 -3 -2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
-5.3 -7.2 -22.8 -4.2 13.2 3.4 4.0 2.4 2.4 2.7 4.5 5.6
28 10 2 10 7 25 11 9 8 1 4 1
Other transportation workers ...................................................................................................... Bridge and lock tenders .......................................................................................................... Parking lot attendants ............................................................................................................. Service station attendants ...................................................................................................... Traffic technicians ................................................................................................................... Transportation inspectors ....................................................................................................... All other related transportation workers 4 ................................................................................
294 4 107 107 6 29 40
326 3 128 111 6 32 47
0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
32 -1 21 4 1 2 6
11.0 -17.4 19.2 3.3 9.3 7.7 15.1
135 1 52 52 2 9 18
Material moving occupations ...................................................................................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................................................................ Crane and tower operators ..................................................................................................... Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators ............................................................. Dredge operators ................................................................................................................ Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators ................................................... Loading machine operators, underground mining .............................................................. Hoist and winch operators ...................................................................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators ...................................................................................... Laborers and material movers, hand ...................................................................................... Cleaners of vehicles and equipment .................................................................................. Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand .................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers ......................................................................................... Packers and packagers, hand ............................................................................................ Pumping station operators ...................................................................................................... Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators ......................................................... Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers ....................................................................... Wellhead pumpers .............................................................................................................. Refuse and recyclable material collectors .............................................................................. Shuttle car operators .............................................................................................................. Tank car, truck, and ship loaders ........................................................................................... Material moving workers, all other ..........................................................................................
4 722 58 50 87 3 80 4 9 594 3 659 344 2 231 164 920 32 7 13 11 134 3 17 78
5 144 65 55 94 3 87 3 10 659 3 967 374 2 378 162 1 052 30 7 13 10 158 2 17 86
3.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.5 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
3.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.4 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
422 7 5 7 0 7 -1 1 66 308 30 147 -2 132 -2 0 -1 -1 24 -1 0 8
8.9 -14.1 13.0 11.1 8.4 8.7 -14.1 13.0 11.1 8.4 8.7 6.6 -1.4 14.4 -6.0 1.0 -5.0 -11.7 17.6 -31.3 -2.1 10.0
1 729 24 16 31 1 29 1 4 178 1 376 150 876 45 305 7 2 3 3 58 1 5 29
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
3This 4This
PART FIVE PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS HIGHLIGHTS This chapter covers the two kinds of productivity measures produced by the BLS, output per hour, or labor productivity and multifactor productivity. Multifactor productivity is designed to ensure the joint influence on economic growth of technological change, efficiency improvements, returns to scale, and other factors. For some measures, there is a lag in available data. Industries are presented with the NAICS classification.
Indexes of Output per Hour and Unit Labor Costs in Business and Manufacturing, 1993–2003 (1992=100) 160.0 Business (Output per hour) Business (Unit labor costs) Manufacturing (Output per hour) Manufacturing (Unit labor costs)
150.0 140.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 90.0 80.0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Output per hour continued to rise in 2003 in both the total business and manufacturing sectors with manufacturing rising somewhat faster, 5.1 percent compared with 4.5 percent. However, unit labor costs in manufacturing rose 3.2 percent after staying fairly steady the previous three years. Unit labor costs in the business sector continued to decline but more slowly than in 2002, -.3 percent compared with -1.2 percent. (Table 5-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Output in the business sector rose 3.8 percent as hours dropped slightly, -.6 percent leading to the increase of 4.5 percent in output per hour. (Table 5-1) • In the manufacturing sector, the increase in output per man-hour resulted from different trends than in business. Output was virtually unchanged but hours dropped 4.7 percent. (Table 5-1) • In wholesale trade, labor productivity rose an average of 3.5 percent per year from 1987 to 2003. During the same time period, output increased 4.0 percent and employee hours increased 0.5 percent. Hours actually declined -1.3 percent from 2002 to 2003. (Table 5-3) • From 2002 to 2003, labor productivity in wholesale trade grew the fastest in business-to-business electronic markets (29.1 percent), druggists’ goods (11.5 percent) and Electric Goods (8.1 percent). (Table 5-3) • Labor productivity also grew in the majority of retail trade industries in the past year. From 2002 to 2003, productivity rose the fastest in electronics and appliance stores and in electronic shopping and mail-order houses with increases of 25.3 and 15.8 respectively. (Table 5-3) • All industries in food services and drinking places had productivity gains in 2003. Output per hour rose 3.3 percent in 2003, however, the average annual productivity increase from 1987 to 2003 was only 0.8 percent. (Table 5-3)
271
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Concepts and Definitions Quarterly measures of output per hour for the business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors describe the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production. The output measures for the business sectors and nonfinancial corporations are based on series prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce as part of the national income and product accounts (NIPA). The BLS derives manufacturing output indexes by combining data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the BEA, and the Federal Reserve Board. All of the output measures are chain-type annual-weighted indexes. This means that the relative prices (weights) used to combine output changes into an aggregate output measure are changed each year, minimizing the bias that arises from using fixed weights over long periods of time. Business sector output is constructed by excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, paid employees of private households, and the rental value of owner-occupied dwellings. Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor inputs. These activities are excluded because theoretical or practical difficulties make the computation of meaningful productivity measures based on them impossible. Business output accounted for about 77 percent of GDP in 1996 and nonfinancial corporations about 53 percent. Manufacturing indexes are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data with deflators from the BEA. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and other sources. To avoid duplication, intrasector transactions are removed when industry shipments are aggregated. Productivity measures show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours of persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contributions of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital; economies of scale; utilization of capacity; the substitution of capital or intermediates for labor; the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force. Measures of labor input are based mainly on the monthly BLS survey of nonagricultural establishments. From this are drawn measures of employment and average weekly hours paid for employees of these establishments. Weekly hours paid are adjusted to hours at work using information from the National Compensation Survey program for 2000 forward and the annual Hours at Work Survey for years prior to 2000. The BLS Hours at Work survey was terminated in 2000. Supplementary information for
farm workers, the self-employed, and unpaid family workers is obtained from the monthly survey of households, the Current Population Survey. The indexes of hourly compensation are based mainly on the BLS hours data, discussed above, and employee compensation data from the NIPA. Compensation includes wages and salaries and supplemental payments such as contributions by employers to Social Security and private health and pension funds. The all persons’ compensation data include estimates of proprietors’ salaries and contributions for supplementary benefits. Real compensation per hour is derived by adjusting the compensation data to reflect changes in purchasing power using the CPI-U-RS. The indexes of unit labor costs are computed by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Nonlabor payments are calculated by subtracting total compensation from current dollar output, and thus include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes. The implicit deflator reflects changes in all of the costs of production and distribution (unit labor costs plus unit nonlabor payments). To construct the implicit price deflator, the current-dollar measure of output in a sector is divided by the real output series. Multifactor Productivity Annual measures of output per unit of combined labor and capital input (multifactor productivity) and related measures are produced for the private business and private nonfarm business sectors. The private business and private nonfarm business sectors for which multifactor productivity indexes also are prepared exclude government enterprises, and thus differ from the business and nonfarm business sectors described above. Multifactor productivity measures refer to the ratio of an output index to an index of combined labor and capital services inputs. Multifactor productivity growth reflects the amount of output growth that cannot be accounted for by the growth of weighted labor and capital inputs. The weights are associated cost shares; labor’s share is the ratio of compensation to current-dollar output. Capital’s share is equal to the ratio of capital cost to current-dollar output. As is the case with the output measures, the weights are updated annually. Capital services measure the services derived from the stock of physical assets and software. Physical assets included are fixed business equipment, structures, inventories, and land. Structures include nonresidential structures and residential capital that is rented out by profit-making firms or persons. Software includes pre-packaged, custom and own-account software. Financial assets are excluded, as are owner-occupied residential structures. The aggregate capital measures are obtained by weighting the capital stocks for each asset type within each of 53 industries
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
using capital income shares based on estimated rental prices for each asset type. Data on investments in physical assets and gross product originating by industry, used in measuring the rental prices, are obtained from BEA. Labor input in private business and private nonfarm business is obtained by weighting the hours worked by all persons, classified by education, work experience, and gender, by their shares of labor compensation. Additional information concerning data sources and methods of measuring labor composition can be found in BLS Bulletin 2426 (December 1993), “Labor Composition and U.S. Productivity Growth, 1948—90.” The manufacturing multifactor productivity index is derived by dividing an output index by a weighted index of combined hours, capital services, energy, materials and purchased business services. Weights (shares of total costs) are updated annually. The labor hours for the manufacturing measure are directly added and thus do not include the effect of changing labor composition, unlike those used for business multifactor productivity. The manufacturing sector coverage is the same in the multifactor and labor productivity series. Output per Hour and Related Series in Selected Industries The BLS industry productivity program produces annual indexes of labor productivity, labor compensation, and unit labor costs for selected 4-, 5- and 6-digit NAICS industries. These data series cover 60 percent of employment in the private, non-farm business sector, and 100 percent of manufacturing, retail trade, and wholesale trade. The data sources used in the industry measures differ from those used in the productivity and cost measures for the major sectors. Output per hour and related indexes for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are updated annually and published in a news release and on the BLS World Wide Web site at http://stats.bls.gov. Output per hour indexes are obtained by dividing an output index by an index of aggregate hours. Although the measures relate output to one input—labor time—they do not measure the specific contribution of labor or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effect of a number of interrelated influences, such as changes in technology, capital investment per worker, and capacity utilization. Caution is necessary when analyzing year-toyear changes in output per hour; the annual changes can be irregular and therefore not necessarily indicative of long-term trends. Conversely, long-term trends are not necessarily applicable to any one year or period in the future. An output index for an industry is calculated with a Tornqvist index formula that aggregates the growth rates of the industry products between two periods with weights based on the products’ shares in industry value of produc-
273
tion. The weight for each product equals its average value share in the two periods. The formula yields the ratio of output in a given period to that in the previous period. The ratios for successive years must be chained together to form a time series. The quantities of products used in the output index are measured either with deflated values of production or with actual quantities. For most industries, output indexes are developed in two stages. First, comprehensive data from the economic censuses conducted by the Census Bureau every five years are used to develop benchmark indexes for the census years. Second, less comprehensive data are used to prepare annual indexes. The latter indexes are adjusted to the benchmark indexes by means of linear interpolation. For the period following the last census year, annual indexes are linked to the most recent benchmark index. Indexes of labor input are employee hours indexes or all person hours indexes. In manufacturing industries, employee hours are used. In nonmanufacturing industries where self-employed workers play a significant role, all person hours are used. For most industries, the hours series are based on hours paid. Total hours are calculated by multiplying the number of workers by average weekly hours. Employee hours are treated as homogenous and additive with no distinction made between hours of different groups. Annual indexes are developed by dividing the aggregate hours for each year by the base period aggregate. Indexes of unit labor costs are calculated as the ratio of total labor compensation to real output, or equivalently, as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity (output per hour). Unit labor costs measure the cost of labor input required to produce one unit of output. Indexes of total compensation measure the change in the total costs to the employer of securing the services of labor. Compensation is defined as payroll plus supplemental payments. Payroll includes salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. Supplemental payments are divided into legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required expenditures include employers’ contributions to Social Security, unemployment insurance taxes, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans. Sources of Additional Information Productivity concepts and methodology are described in the BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2490, April 1997. Additional information on productivity is found in BLS news release USDL 03-466 for output per hour, 03158 for multifactor productivity, 03-490 for the new wholesale trade industry and Report 979 for new service industry measures.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2003 (1992 = 100.) Business Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compensation in current dollars
Nonlabor payments in current dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
32.4 33.9 34.7
20.4 21.5 21.3
63.0 63.5 61.4
7.0 7.6 7.7
40.9 41.0 42.1
21.7 22.5 22.3
18.7 20.7 20.5
20.6 21.8 21.6
54.2 54.9 53.7
37.7 39.2 39.7
4.4 4.8 4.8
3.8 4.5 4.4
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
37.5 38.7 39.7 41.1 42.0
23.4 24.9 25.7 26.9 26.6
62.3 64.4 64.6 65.4 63.2
8.3 9.1 9.6 10.2 10.6
44.5 45.2 47.0 49.6 50.8
22.1 23.5 24.2 24.9 25.1
21.6 23.7 23.2 22.6 22.6
21.9 23.6 23.8 24.0 24.2
54.3 56.0 56.3 57.2 55.8
43.0 44.5 45.6 47.0 47.6
5.2 5.8 6.2 6.7 6.7
5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.0
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
43.8 43.8 45.1 46.4 48.1
28.7 29.1 29.6 29.1 31.4
65.6 66.6 65.7 62.7 65.4
10.8 11.5 12.3 12.8 13.4
52.3 55.0 56.7 57.5 59.5
24.8 26.4 27.2 27.7 27.8
24.0 23.5 24.2 24.8 25.2
24.5 25.3 26.1 26.6 26.8
57.5 58.7 58.7 56.4 58.3
49.9 49.6 50.5 51.5 54.0
7.1 7.7 8.1 8.1 8.7
6.9 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48.9 50.6 52.9 55.0 56.8
32.0 32.7 34.8 36.4 38.7
65.5 64.5 65.7 66.2 68.1
13.9 14.5 15.1 15.6 16.2
60.9 62.6 64.7 66.1 67.7
28.4 28.5 28.5 28.4 28.5
24.9 25.3 26.1 26.6 27.3
27.1 27.3 27.6 27.7 28.1
58.6 58.0 58.8 59.2 60.4
54.7 56.3 59.1 61.4 64.1
9.1 9.3 9.9 10.3 11.0
8.0 8.3 9.1 9.7 10.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58.8 61.2 62.5 64.6 64.9
41.4 44.2 45.1 47.3 48.8
70.4 72.3 72.1 73.2 75.1
16.8 17.9 19.0 20.5 21.9
69.1 71.7 73.5 76.3 77.4
28.6 29.3 30.3 31.7 33.8
28.4 29.0 29.5 30.4 30.8
28.5 29.2 30.0 31.2 32.6
62.2 64.2 65.1 66.5 68.6
66.6 68.9 69.2 71.2 71.1
11.8 13.0 13.7 15.0 16.5
11.7 12.8 13.3 14.4 15.0
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
66.2 69.0 71.2 73.5 72.3
48.7 50.6 53.9 57.6 56.8
73.6 73.3 75.6 78.5 78.6
23.6 25.1 26.7 28.9 31.7
78.8 80.2 82.6 84.4 83.3
35.6 36.3 37.4 39.4 43.9
31.4 34.1 35.7 37.5 40.0
34.1 35.5 36.8 38.7 42.4
68.4 68.4 70.5 73.5 74.7
71.2 74.0 76.4 78.5 76.1
17.4 18.4 20.2 22.7 24.9
15.3 17.3 19.2 21.6 22.7
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
74.8 77.2 78.5 79.3 79.4
56.3 60.0 63.3 67.3 69.6
75.3 77.7 80.7 84.8 87.7
35.0 38.0 41.0 44.6 48.9
84.1 86.4 87.6 89.1 89.4
46.7 49.2 52.2 56.2 61.6
46.3 48.7 51.5 54.8 58.2
46.6 49.0 52.0 55.6 60.4
72.4 74.7 77.8 82.1 85.3
77.7 80.3 81.4 82.0 81.6
26.3 29.5 33.1 37.8 42.9
26.0 29.2 32.6 36.9 40.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
79.2 80.8 80.2 83.1 85.3
68.8 70.7 68.6 72.3 78.6
86.9 87.5 85.5 87.0 92.1
54.2 59.4 63.6 66.3 69.1
89.2 89.3 90.4 90.4 90.7
68.4 73.5 79.3 79.7 81.0
61.3 69.1 70.2 76.5 80.4
65.8 71.8 75.9 78.5 80.8
85.5 86.4 84.9 85.7 90.0
80.5 81.9 80.8 84.4 87.2
47.1 52.0 54.4 57.6 63.7
42.2 48.9 48.2 55.3 63.1
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
87.2 89.9 90.4 91.7 92.6
82.2 85.3 88.3 92.1 95.4
94.2 94.9 97.7 100.3 103.0
72.4 76.2 79.0 83.1 85.3
91.9 94.9 95.3 96.6 95.1
83.0 84.8 87.5 90.6 92.1
82.2 82.8 83.3 85.4 91.5
82.7 84.1 85.9 88.6 91.9
92.3 93.9 96.4 99.3 101.4
89.0 90.8 91.6 92.7 94.1
68.2 72.3 77.2 83.4 87.9
67.5 70.6 73.5 78.6 87.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
94.5 96.0 100.0 100.3 101.5
96.9 96.1 100.0 103.1 108.2
102.5 100.2 100.0 102.8 106.7
90.6 95.0 100.0 102.2 103.8
96.2 97.4 100.0 99.7 99.2
95.9 99.0 100.0 101.9 102.3
93.9 96.8 100.0 102.5 106.6
95.1 98.2 100.0 102.1 103.9
102.1 100.4 100.0 102.2 105.6
94.9 95.7 100.0 100.9 102.5
92.9 95.2 100.0 105.1 110.8
91.0 93.1 100.0 105.6 115.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
101.6 104.6 106.5 109.4 112.6
111.4 116.5 122.7 128.6 135.2
109.6 111.4 115.1 117.6 120.1
106.0 109.6 113.1 119.9 125.6
98.9 99.6 100.6 105.1 107.9
104.3 104.8 106.1 109.6 111.6
108.2 111.8 113.8 109.8 109.2
105.7 107.4 109.0 109.7 110.7
108.4 110.8 113.8 116.4 118.7
102.8 105.1 107.8 110.5 113.9
116.1 122.1 130.2 140.9 150.9
120.5 130.2 139.6 141.3 147.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
115.9 118.8 123.9 129.5
140.5 141.0 143.5 149.0
121.3 118.7 115.8 115.1
134.5 140.1 144.5 150.5
111.8 113.3 115.0 117.1
116.1 118.0 116.6 116.2
107.2 109.9 114.9 119.6
112.7 114.9 116.0 117.4
120.8 120.0 117.4 117.1
116.3 117.5 122.2 127.3
163.1 166.3 167.4 173.1
150.6 154.9 164.9 178.2
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
275
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2003—Continued (1992 = 100.) Nonfarm Business Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compensation in current dollars
Nonlabor payments in current dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
37.0 38.0 39.3
20.1 20.9 20.8
54.2 55.1 53.0
7.5 8.1 8.3
43.3 43.6 45.4
20.2 21.3 21.2
17.8 19.4 20.0
19.3 20.6 20.8
47.3 48.3 46.9
42.4 43.4 44.4
4.0 4.5 4.4
3.6 4.1 4.2
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.9 43.0 43.8 44.7 45.6
22.9 24.6 25.3 26.6 26.1
54.7 57.3 57.9 59.4 57.3
8.8 9.6 10.1 10.7 11.0
47.5 47.8 49.5 51.9 53.1
21.1 22.3 23.2 23.9 24.2
20.8 22.4 22.3 22.2 22.3
21.0 22.4 22.8 23.3 23.5
48.0 50.3 50.9 52.4 51.0
47.7 49.0 49.8 50.7 51.3
4.8 5.5 5.9 6.4 6.3
4.8 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.8
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
47.5 47.1 48.3 49.4 51.2
28.3 28.8 29.4 28.7 31.2
59.7 61.1 60.8 58.2 60.9
11.4 12.1 12.8 13.4 13.9
55.3 57.8 59.2 59.8 61.8
24.1 25.8 26.6 27.1 27.1
23.6 23.1 23.8 24.1 24.9
23.9 24.8 25.6 26.0 26.3
52.5 54.0 54.3 52.4 54.3
53.9 53.3 54.1 54.9 57.5
6.8 7.4 7.8 7.8 8.5
6.7 6.6 7.0 6.9 7.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
51.8 53.4 55.8 57.8 59.5
31.8 32.4 34.6 36.2 38.7
61.3 60.6 62.0 62.7 65.0
14.5 15.0 15.6 16.1 16.6
63.3 64.8 66.7 68.1 69.3
27.9 28.0 27.9 27.8 27.9
24.3 24.8 25.8 26.3 27.1
26.6 26.8 27.1 27.3 27.6
54.9 54.4 55.5 56.1 57.5
57.9 59.5 62.4 64.6 67.3
8.9 9.1 9.6 10.1 10.8
7.7 8.0 8.9 9.5 10.5
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
61.3 63.5 64.6 66.8 66.9
41.4 44.4 45.1 47.5 48.9
67.5 69.8 69.8 71.1 73.1
17.1 18.2 19.2 20.7 22.1
70.5 72.6 74.5 77.1 78.1
27.9 28.6 29.7 31.0 33.1
28.0 28.7 29.2 30.2 30.4
28.0 28.6 29.5 30.7 32.1
59.5 61.9 63.0 64.5 66.8
69.5 71.6 71.6 73.6 73.2
11.6 12.7 13.4 14.7 16.2
11.6 12.7 13.2 14.3 14.9
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
67.9 70.6 73.0 75.3 74.2
48.9 50.7 54.1 58.0 57.3
72.0 71.8 74.1 77.1 77.2
23.7 25.2 26.9 29.1 31.9
79.1 80.7 83.2 84.8 83.8
34.9 35.7 36.8 38.6 43.0
31.1 33.7 34.9 35.3 38.1
33.5 35.0 36.1 37.4 41.2
66.8 66.9 69.0 72.1 73.3
73.1 75.8 78.4 80.6 78.2
17.1 18.1 19.9 22.4 24.6
15.2 17.1 18.9 20.5 21.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
76.2 78.7 79.9 81.0 80.7
56.3 60.2 63.6 67.8 70.0
73.9 76.5 79.6 83.7 86.6
35.1 38.1 41.2 44.8 49.1
84.5 86.6 88.0 89.6 89.7
46.1 48.4 51.5 55.3 60.8
44.8 47.8 50.7 53.4 56.5
45.6 48.1 51.2 54.6 59.2
71.1 73.5 76.7 81.1 84.4
79.2 82.0 82.9 83.6 82.9
25.9 29.1 32.7 37.5 42.5
25.2 28.8 32.2 36.2 39.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
80.6 81.7 80.9 84.6 86.3
69.2 70.7 68.4 72.9 78.9
85.9 86.5 84.6 86.2 91.4
54.4 59.7 64.0 66.6 69.5
89.5 89.9 90.8 90.9 91.1
67.5 73.1 79.1 78.8 80.5
60.4 67.8 69.5 76.2 79.4
64.9 71.1 75.5 77.9 80.1
84.6 85.5 84.1 84.8 89.4
81.8 82.7 81.4 85.9 88.2
46.8 51.7 54.1 57.4 63.5
41.8 47.9 47.5 55.6 62.6
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
87.6 90.3 90.7 92.1 92.8
82.2 85.4 88.4 92.4 95.7
93.8 94.6 97.5 100.3 103.1
72.6 76.4 79.2 83.1 85.2
92.2 95.2 95.4 96.6 95.0
82.9 84.6 87.3 90.2 91.9
81.7 82.6 83.0 85.1 90.9
82.5 83.9 85.7 88.3 91.5
91.9 93.6 96.2 99.2 101.5
89.4 91.2 91.9 93.2 94.3
68.1 72.3 77.2 83.4 87.9
67.2 70.5 73.3 78.7 87.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
94.6 96.1 100.0 100.4 101.5
97.1 96.3 100.0 103.4 108.3
102.7 100.2 100.0 103.0 106.6
90.4 95.0 100.0 102.0 103.8
96.0 97.4 100.0 99.5 99.1
95.6 98.8 100.0 101.6 102.2
93.6 97.0 100.0 102.9 107.1
94.9 98.1 100.0 102.1 104.0
102.2 100.4 100.0 102.4 105.7
95.0 95.9 100.0 100.9 102.4
92.8 95.1 100.0 105.1 110.6
90.9 93.4 100.0 106.4 116.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102.0 104.8 106.5 109.3 112.3
111.8 116.8 122.8 128.9 135.6
109.5 111.5 115.4 117.9 120.7
105.9 109.5 112.9 119.6 125.1
98.8 99.5 100.4 104.9 107.5
103.8 104.5 106.0 109.4 111.4
109.2 112.0 114.5 110.8 110.7
105.8 107.3 109.1 109.9 111.1
108.5 111.1 114.2 116.9 119.4
103.0 105.1 107.5 110.2 113.5
116.0 122.1 130.2 141.0 151.0
122.1 130.8 140.6 142.9 150.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
115.5 118.3 123.5 129.0
140.8 141.3 143.9 149.4
121.9 119.4 116.5 115.8
134.0 139.3 143.8 149.7
111.4 112.7 114.5 116.5
116.0 117.7 116.5 116.1
108.7 111.5 116.8 121.1
113.3 115.4 116.6 117.9
121.6 120.9 118.2 118.0
115.7 116.9 121.7 126.6
163.3 166.4 167.6 173.4
153.0 157.6 168.0 180.9
276
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2003—Continued (1992 = 100.) Nonfinancial corporations Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Real Compencompen- Unit labor sation per sation per costs hour hour
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compen- Nonlabor sation in payments current in current dollars dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... 53.6 56.1
... ... ... 25.7 28.6
... ... ... 48.0 50.9
... ... ... 15.0 15.6
... ... ... 67.2 69.3
... ... ... 28.0 27.7
... ... ... 23.2 21.9
... ... ... 46.5 55.0
... ... ... 28.5 28.7
... ... ... 43.6 45.6
... ... ... 59.0 62.7
... ... ... 7.2 7.9
... ... ... 7.6 8.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.0 58.8 61.3 63.5 64.5
29.5 30.1 32.7 34.6 37.0
51.8 51.3 53.3 54.5 57.5
16.2 16.7 17.4 17.9 18.2
70.8 72.4 74.4 75.7 76.2
28.4 28.4 28.3 28.2 28.3
23.0 23.5 23.1 23.1 22.9
49.5 49.5 53.7 56.5 58.8
28.9 29.1 29.3 29.5 29.7
46.6 46.3 47.9 48.8 50.7
63.3 65.1 68.3 70.9 73.1
8.4 8.6 9.3 9.8 10.5
8.9 9.2 10.2 11.1 12.1
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
66.0 67.1 68.1 70.5 70.5
40.1 42.9 44.0 46.8 48.6
60.7 63.9 64.6 66.4 69.0
18.8 19.8 20.9 22.5 24.0
77.1 79.2 81.1 83.7 84.8
28.4 29.5 30.7 31.9 34.1
22.8 23.0 24.3 25.9 28.1
63.2 62.7 59.1 59.1 53.3
30.2 30.9 31.7 32.9 34.4
53.3 56.3 57.9 60.0 62.7
75.2 76.2 75.9 78.0 77.5
11.4 12.7 13.5 14.9 16.6
13.5 14.4 14.8 16.3 16.9
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
70.8 73.8 75.2 75.9 74.3
48.1 50.1 53.8 57.1 56.1
67.9 67.9 71.6 75.2 75.5
25.7 27.3 28.8 31.0 33.9
85.9 87.4 89.2 90.4 89.2
36.3 37.0 38.3 40.8 45.7
31.7 33.1 33.4 35.2 40.5
43.7 49.8 53.3 54.1 47.7
35.9 37.2 38.4 40.6 44.6
62.8 63.0 66.1 69.8 71.1
76.6 79.5 81.4 81.8 78.9
17.5 18.5 20.6 23.3 25.6
16.8 18.8 20.9 23.0 23.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
77.3 79.7 81.8 82.8 82.0
55.4 59.8 64.2 68.3 70.4
71.7 75.0 78.4 82.5 85.8
37.3 40.3 43.5 47.6 51.9
89.7 91.8 93.0 95.1 94.9
48.2 50.6 53.2 57.5 63.3
45.9 45.7 47.7 50.5 55.1
62.2 70.4 76.2 78.0 73.1
48.9 51.2 53.9 57.6 62.2
68.4 71.5 75.1 79.4 83.3
80.9 83.6 85.4 86.1 84.5
26.7 30.2 34.1 39.2 44.6
27.8 31.3 35.5 39.5 42.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
81.3 82.7 83.1 86.2 88.4
69.2 71.4 69.9 73.5 80.3
85.2 86.4 84.1 85.3 90.8
57.2 62.4 66.5 68.9 71.9
94.1 93.9 94.4 94.0 94.3
70.4 75.5 79.9 80.0 81.3
64.5 73.6 81.3 81.2 80.7
66.5 81.2 75.1 90.7 106.7
68.6 75.5 79.8 81.2 83.4
83.6 85.0 83.1 83.5 88.4
82.8 84.0 84.1 88.0 90.8
48.7 53.9 55.9 58.8 65.3
45.0 54.0 55.7 61.6 70.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
90.5 92.4 94.4 96.5 95.1
84.0 86.1 90.7 95.7 97.2
92.9 93.2 96.1 99.1 102.2
75.2 78.9 81.6 84.9 87.0
95.4 98.3 98.3 98.7 97.0
83.1 85.4 86.4 87.9 91.4
82.8 85.3 84.9 86.1 92.8
101.3 89.2 99.0 110.6 100.6
84.7 85.7 87.2 89.5 92.6
90.9 92.2 94.8 97.9 100.4
92.4 93.3 95.7 97.7 96.8
69.8 73.5 78.4 84.2 88.9
73.7 74.4 80.4 88.6 92.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
95.6 97.8 100.0 100.6 102.6
98.1 97.4 100.0 103.0 109.5
102.5 99.6 100.0 102.4 106.8
91.1 95.5 100.0 101.7 103.6
96.8 97.9 100.0 99.3 98.9
95.3 97.6 100.0 101.2 101.0
97.1 102.3 100.0 99.7 100.5
96.7 92.8 100.0 113.9 131.3
95.9 98.4 100.0 101.9 103.6
102.2 100.0 100.0 102.0 105.7
96.0 97.4 100.0 101.0 103.6
93.4 95.1 100.0 104.2 110.6
95.1 97.2 100.0 106.6 119.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
103.3 107.2 109.9 113.0 116.6
114.3 120.7 128.4 135.3 143.2
110.6 112.6 116.9 119.7 122.8
105.3 108.5 111.7 118.1 123.5
98.3 98.6 99.4 103.6 106.1
102.0 101.2 101.7 104.5 106.0
101.3 99.9 99.8 99.9 101.0
136.9 149.9 154.4 137.5 129.8
104.9 105.3 105.9 106.3 106.9
109.5 112.3 115.8 118.9 121.8
104.4 107.5 110.8 113.8 117.6
116.5 122.1 130.6 141.4 151.7
126.6 136.7 146.9 148.8 155.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
120.8 123.0 128.4 135.4
150.7 149.4 151.6 157.7
124.7 121.5 118.1 116.5
132.0 137.3 141.5 147.3
109.7 111.1 112.7 114.6
109.2 111.7 110.2 108.8
104.8 113.2 113.0 111.5
109.3 82.6 95.4 113.2
108.1 109.5 109.6 109.8
124.6 123.3 120.1 119.0
120.9 121.2 126.3 132.6
164.5 166.9 167.2 171.6
159.7 156.9 164.2 176.6
. . . = Not available.
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
277
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2003—Continued (1992 = 100.) Manufacturing Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Real CompenUnit compen- Unit labor sation per nonlabor sation per costs hour payments hour
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compen- Nonlabor sation in payments current in current dollars dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... 88.4 90.0 90.3
... ... 91.7 96.3 97.2
... ... 103.8 107.0 107.6
... ... 80.7 83.6 86.1
... ... 97.3 97.2 96.0
... ... 91.4 92.8 95.3
... ... 88.0 91.3 96.4
... ... 89.3 91.9 96.0
... ... 104.6 106.4 107.0
... ... 87.7 90.5 90.9
... ... 83.8 89.4 92.7
... ... 80.7 87.9 93.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
92.9 95.4 100.0 102.7 106.1
97.6 96.0 100.0 104.1 110.0
105.0 100.5 100.0 101.4 103.8
90.1 95.4 100.0 102.3 105.6
95.7 97.8 100.0 99.8 100.9
97.0 100.0 100.0 99.6 99.6
101.1 99.5 100.0 101.2 103.1
99.5 99.7 100.0 100.6 101.8
105.4 101.7 100.0 100.1 101.5
92.6 94.3 100.0 104.0 108.5
94.6 95.9 100.0 103.7 109.6
98.6 95.5 100.0 105.4 113.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.9 113.9 118.0 123.6 128.1
115.0 118.6 125.1 130.7 134.6
104.6 104.2 106.0 105.7 105.1
107.5 109.9 112.1 119.0 123.7
100.3 99.8 99.7 104.4 106.2
97.8 96.5 95.0 96.2 96.6
107.6 110.4 110.5 104.1 105.0
103.9 105.2 104.6 101.1 101.8
102.8 102.6 103.7 104.6 103.0
111.9 115.6 120.6 125.0 130.7
112.4 114.4 118.8 125.8 129.9
123.7 131.0 138.2 136.1 141.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
134.1 136.9 146.5 154.0
138.6 132.3 131.5 131.6
103.4 96.6 89.7 85.5
135.0 138.1 147.3 159.9
112.2 111.7 117.3 124.5
100.7 100.9 100.6 103.8
107.0 105.8 ... ...
104.6 103.9 ... ...
102.5 97.8 90.6 86.4
135.3 135.3 145.1 152.3
139.5 133.5 132.2 136.6
148.3 140.0 ... ...
. . . = Not available.
278
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-2. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series: Selected Service–Providing and Mining Industries, 1987–2002
Industry
NAICS Code
2002 Employment (thousands)
Average annual percent change 1987–2002 Output per hour
Employee hours
Output
Total compensation
Unit labor costs
MINING Mining ........................................................................................... Oil and gas extraction .................................................................. Mining, except oil and gas ............................................................ Coal mining .................................................................................. Metal ore mining ........................................................................... Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying ...................................
21 211 212 2 121 2 122 2 123
512 122 211 74 29 107
1.8 2.6 3.2 4.4 4.8 1.1
-0.1 -0.8 0.9 0.1 2.7 0.8
-1.9 -3.4 -2.2 -4.2 -2.0 -0.3
2.3 2.8 0.4 -2.0 2.0 3.2
2.4 3.7 -0.5 -2.1 -0.7 2.4
2 211 2 212
434 115
3.1 3.7
1.4 1.8
-1.7 -1.9
2.8 3.5
1.4 1.7
481 482 111 48 412 491
509 180 807 842
1.6 5.5 2.2 1.0
2.9 2.2 3.4 1.5
1.3 -3.1 1.2 0.5
4.8 0.4 4.3 4.6
1.8 -1.8 0.9 3.1
511 5 111 5 112 51 213 5 151 5 152 5 171 5 172 5 175
964 711 253 173 241 93 651 197 130
3.8 0.2 17.2 1.0 0.2 1.7 5.8 6.2 -0.6
5.4 0.1 28.2 3.3 0.5 7.9 5.3 23.8 5.3
1.5 -0.2 9.4 2.3 0.3 6.1 -0.5 16.5 6.0
7.1 4.0 16.9 3.8 4.3 10.9 3.4 19.8 9.0
1.7 4.0 -8.8 0.6 3.8 2.8 -1.8 -3.2 3.5
52 211
1 278
2.3
2.0
-0.3
5.5
3.4
532 111 53 212
125 60
1.5 2.5
3.8 2.7
2.4 0.2
6.2 3.9
2.3 1.2
541 213 54 181
101 190
-0.3 1.7
4.0 1.8
4.3 0.2
9.5 4.9
5.3 3.0
7 211
1 752
1.3
2.4
1.1
5.6
3.1
8 111 81 211 81 221 8 123 81 292
1 150 853 105 409 93
1.1 1.5 -0.9 1.4 1.8
2.8 2.8 0.5 1.2 -0.6
1.7 1.3 1.4 -0.2 -2.4
5.4 5.5 5.1 3.2 2.4
2.4 2.6 4.6 2.0 3.1
UTILITIES Power generation and supply ....................................................... Natural gas distribution ................................................................ TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING Air transportation .......................................................................... Line-haul railroads ........................................................................ General freight trucking, long-distance ........................................ Postal service ............................................................................... INFORMATION Publishing ..................................................................................... Newspaper, book, and directory publishers ................................. Software publishers ...................................................................... Motion picture and video exhibition .............................................. Radio and television broadcasting ............................................... Cable and other subscription programming ................................. Wired telecommunications carriers .............................................. Wireless telecommunications carriers .......................................... Cable and other program distribution ........................................... FINANCE AND INSURANCE Commercial banking .................................................................... REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL AND LEASING Passenger car rental .................................................................... Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing ...................................... PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL SERVICES Tax preparation services .............................................................. Advertising agencies .................................................................... ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES Traveler accommodations ............................................................ OTHER SERVICES Automotive repair and maintenance ............................................ Hair, nail, and skin care services ................................................ Funeral homes and funeral services ............................................ Drycleaning and laundry services ................................................ Photofinishing ...............................................................................
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
279
Table 5-3. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series: Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade and Food Service and Drinking Places Industries, 1987–2003 and 2002–2003
Industry
NAICS code
2003 Employment (thousands) 1
Average annual percent change 1987–2003 Output per hour
Average annual percent change 2002–2003
Employee hours
Output
Output per hour
Unit labor costs
Hours
WHOLESALE TRADE Wholesale trade ........................................................ Durable goods .......................................................... Motor vehicle and parts ............................................ Furniture and furnishings .......................................... Lumber and construction supplies ............................
42 423 4 231 4 232 4 233
5 826 3 063 360 117 237
3.5 4.9 3.4 2.0 0.2
4.0 5.2 3.6 2.3 1.6
0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.4
3.4 4.8 4.2 7.6 7.4
2.1 2.9 3.8 2.3 10.2
-1.3 -1.8 -0.3 -4.9 2.6
Commercial equipment ............................................. Metals and minerals .................................................. Electric goods ........................................................... Hardware and plumbing ............................................
4 234 4 235 4 236 4 237
673 121 355 237
13.4 -0.2 9.3 1.9
14.0 -0.2 9.2 2.6
0.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.7
7.8 0.1 8.1 3.2
7.0 -5.3 4.0 -0.4
-0.7 -5.4 -3.8 -3.5
Machinery and supplies ............................................ Miscellaneous durable goods ................................... Nondurable goods .................................................... Paper and paper products ........................................ Druggists’ goods .......................................................
4 238 4 239 424 4 241 4 242
670 293 2 106 158 215
2.1 2.1 1.4 2.3 3.9
2.0 2.6 1.8 2.3 6.9
-0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 2.9
4.9 -3.4 3.4 3.4 11.5
1.8 -3.6 1.2 -0.7 9.5
-3.0 -0.3 -2.2 -4.0 -1.8
Apparel and piece goods .......................................... Grocery and related products ................................... Farm product raw materials ...................................... Chemicals ................................................................. Petroleum .................................................................
4 243 4 244 4 245 4 246 4 247
162 714 80 135 110
0.8 1.5 3.1 0.0 1.7
1.2 2.4 0.2 1.0 -0.7
0.3 1.0 -2.8 1.0 -2.4
-9.3 3.0 0.3 -1.0 1.8
-5.8 1.1 1.5 -2.7 0.2
3.9 -1.8 1.2 -1.7 -1.6
Alcoholic beverages .................................................. Miscellaneous nondurable goods ............................. Electronic markets and agents and brokers ............. Business to business electronic markets .................. Wholesale trade agents and brokers ........................
4 248 4 249 425 42 511 42 512
138 395 657 70 587
1.1 0.3 4.5 9.3 2.8
2.3 0.3 6.2 8.2 4.8
1.1 0.0 1.6 -1.0 2.0
1.0 6.4 -2.6 29.1 -7.5
4.7 -1.4 2.2 5.0 0.1
3.7 -7.3 4.9 -18.7 8.2
Retail trade ............................................................... Motor vehicle and parts dealers ................................ Automobile dealers ................................................... Other motor vehicle dealers ...................................... Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores ....................
44, 45 441 4 411 4 412 4 413
15 866 1 975 1 319 158 497
2.9 1.7 1.2 3.8 3.1
3.9 3.0 2.7 6.3 3.6
0.9 1.3 1.5 2.4 0.5
5.1 1.6 -0.4 14.8 6.3
4.5 3.1 1.6 26.7 4.0
-0.6 1.5 2.1 10.4 -2.2
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..................... Furniture stores ......................................................... Home furnishing stores ............................................. Electronics and appliance stores .............................. Building materials and garden supply stores ............
442 4 421 4 422 443 444
597 304 293 544 1 242
3.5 3.4 3.7 14.0 3.0
4.5 4.1 5.0 15.5 5.1
1.0 0.7 1.3 1.3 2.0
7.9 5.3 11.1 25.3 6.4
7.0 3.8 10.8 18.7 9.3
-0.9 -1.4 -0.3 -5.3 2.7
Building material and supplies dealers ..................... Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores .... Food and beverage stores ........................................ Grocery stores .......................................................... Specialty food stores ................................................
4 441 4 442 445 4 451 4 452
1 077 165 2 953 2 517 279
3.0 3.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2
5.4 3.5 0.6 0.6 0.1
2.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2
6.6 5.6 3.9 2.7 13.9
9.1 10.8 1.7 1.5 6.9
2.4 4.9 -2.1 -1.2 -6.2
Beer, wine, and liquor stores .................................... Health and personal care stores ............................... Gasoline stations ...................................................... Clothing and clothing accessories stores ................. Clothing stores ..........................................................
4 453 446 447 448 4 481
158 981 905 1 391 1 003
1.6 2.5 2.2 4.6 4.7
0.3 3.9 1.6 4.7 5.0
-1.3 1.3 -0.6 0.1 0.3
11.6 7.0 -0.5 6.1 5.7
2.1 4.4 -1.7 6.8 6.6
-8.5 -2.4 -1.2 0.7 0.9
Shoe stores ............................................................... Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores ............. Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores ....... Sporting goods, and musical instrument stores ........ Book, periodical, and music stores ...........................
4 482 4 483 451 4 511 4 512
188 200 727 490 238
4.1 4.2 3.6 4.3 2.1
2.7 4.9 5.2 5.6 4.2
-1.4 0.7 1.5 1.3 2.1
4.0 9.5 -0.7 0.0 -1.9
3.3 10.6 0.4 2.0 -2.7
-0.7 1.0 1.2 2.1 -0.8
General merchandise stores ..................................... Department stores .................................................... Other general merchandise stores ........................... Miscellaneous store retailers .................................... Florists ......................................................................
452 4 521 4 529 453 4 531
2 827 1 621 1 206 1 112 139
3.9 1.3 7.9 3.7 3.1
5.5 2.9 9.4 5.1 1.9
1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 -1.2
5.0 3.3 4.9 4.1 8.7
5.6 -1.3 12.2 2.2 7.9
0.5 -4.4 7.0 -1.8 -0.7
Office supplies, stationery, and gift stores ................ Used merchandise stores ......................................... Other miscellaneous store retailers .......................... Nonstore retailers ..................................................... Electronic shopping and mail-order houses ..............
4 532 4 533 4 539 454 4 541
462 166 346 613 247
5.7 3.2 1.8 8.9 12.5
6.8 7.5 3.9 9.0 16.6
1.0 4.2 2.0 0.0 3.6
3.2 2.2 7.4 15.4 15.8
3.4 9.6 -1.4 9.4 13.8
0.1 7.2 -8.2 -5.2 -1.7
Vending machine operators ...................................... Direct selling establishments ....................................
4 542 4 543
64 302
1.8 3.4
-0.1 1.6
-1.9 -1.8
11.0 9.5
-4.8 3.1
-14.2 -5.8
722 7 221 7 222 7 223 7 224
8 791 4 189 3 690 518 395
0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 -1.0
2.4 2.7 2.6 1.8 -0.7
1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.3
3.3 3.4 3.5 2.7 5.4
4.9 6.3 5.3 -1.6 -0.8
1.5 2.7 1.8 -4.2 -5.9
RETAIL TRADE
FOOD SERVICES AND DRINKING PLACES Food services and drinking places ........................... Full-service restaurants ............................................ Limited-service eating places ................................... Special food services ................................................ Drinking places, alcoholic beverages ....................... 1Industry
employment may not sum to aggregate levels due to rounding.
280
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-4. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Selected Years, 1960–2001 (1996 = 100.) Industry
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
PRIVATE BUSINESS Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons .........................
45.6 112.0 65.5
55.9 123.3 76.6
63.0 113.1 80.5
71.4 104.1 85.4
75.8 103.3 88.8
83.9 99.5 92.4
86.5 99.0 93.9
87.0 99.2 94.2
88.1 100.4 94.8
89.0 101.0 95.3
90.2 99.7 95.5
27.5
35.6
42.0
48.5
59.4
71.0
73.6
76.3
79.6
82.4
83.6
54.0 24.6 42.1 40.7
58.0 28.9 46.5 45.3
61.0 37.1 52.2 55.7
62.4 46.6 56.8 68.6
71.9 57.6 67.0 73.4
79.6 71.3 76.8 84.3
80.4 74.4 78.4 87.4
83.1 76.9 81.0 87.7
86.3 79.2 83.9 87.7
88.8 81.6 86.4 88.1
89.4 83.8 87.5 90.4
48.7 121.9 69.4 27.2
58.6 133.1 80.0 35.5
64.9 120.5 83.1 41.9
73.0 109.1 87.6 48.4
77.3 107.6 91.0 59.6
84.4 101.4 93.4 70.8
87.1 100.7 94.8 73.5
87.5 100.5 94.9 76.2
88.6 101.7 95.6 79.7
89.3 102.0 95.8 82.4
90.3 100.4 95.8 83.5
50.1 22.3 39.2 39.9
55.4 26.6 44.3 44.0
59.3 34.8 50.5 53.8
60.9 44.3 55.2 66.9
70.7 55.4 65.5 71.8
78.8 69.8 75.8 83.3
79.8 73.0 77.6 86.5
82.5 75.8 80.3 87.0
85.9 78.3 83.4 87.1
88.5 80.8 86.0 87.6
89.2 83.2 87.2 89.9
37.1 119.9 68.1 32.9
43.0 131.7 77.5 42.3
48.1 112.4 79.1 48.3
56.9 100.0 78.8 53.4
62.1 97.4 81.2 64.4
73.0 96.1 89.0 73.6
76.1 96.3 90.5 75.7
78.4 97.6 93.3 78.4
79.9 100.7 95.0 82.2
80.0 99.2 93.3 82.6
82.3 97.5 93.1 83.2
88.8 27.5 48.0 32.5 25.9 48.3
98.3 32.1 62.6 35.2 34.1 54.6
100.6 43.0 79.8 38.2 44.6 61.1
93.9 53.4 82.0 52.4 53.1 67.8
103.7 66.2 86.3 63.6 67.3 79.3
100.8 76.5 80.9 72.5 62.9 82.6
99.4 78.6 81.5 74.2 67.0 83.6
100.0 80.3 86.6 71.4 71.3 84.0
102.8 81.6 90.1 72.7 77.7 86.5
103.3 83.3 90.3 75.8 82.7 88.6
101.1 85.3 93.2 78.3 84.8 89.4
PRIVATE NONFARM BUSINESS Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons ......................... MANUFACTURING Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Hours at work of all persons ........................................ Capital services ........................................................... Energy ......................................................................... Non-energy materials .................................................. Purchased business services ...................................... Combined units of all inputs ........................................
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
281
Table 5-4. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Selected Years, 1960–2001—Continued (1996 = 100.) Industry
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
PRIVATE BUSINESS Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons .........................
91.3 96.5 94.5
94.8 98.0 96.7
95.4 98.7 97.1
96.6 100.4 98.2
97.3 99.8 98.4
100.0 100.0 100.0
102.2 100.3 101.2
105.0 99.3 102.5
107.7 98.2 103.4
111.0 96.6 105.0
112.4 92.8 103.9
82.6
85.7
88.5
92.8
95.8
100.0
105.2
110.5
115.7
120.4
120.2
88.3 85.7 87.4 94.6
89.3 87.5 88.7 96.8
91.8 89.7 91.1 96.6
95.6 92.5 94.6 96.2
98.0 96.0 97.3 97.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.5 104.9 104.0 101.9
106.1 111.3 107.9 105.8
109.0 117.9 111.9 109.7
110.1 124.5 114.7 114.8
109.5 129.6 115.7 121.1
91.4 97.0 94.8 82.5
94.8 98.2 96.7 85.5
95.3 99.0 97.2 88.4
96.5 100.4 98.2 92.6
97.5 100.0 98.6 95.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
102.0 100.0 101.0 105.1
104.7 99.0 102.2 110.5
107.1 97.6 102.9 115.7
110.3 95.9 104.4 120.2
111.6 92.0 103.3 120.1
87.9 85.1 87.0 94.3
89.0 87.0 88.4 96.5
91.8 89.4 91.0 96.3
95.4 92.2 94.3 96.1
97.8 95.8 97.2 97.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.6 105.1 104.1 101.9
106.4 111.7 108.1 105.8
109.5 118.5 112.4 109.7
110.6 125.4 115.2 115.0
110.1 130.5 116.3 121.3
84.2 93.6 92.2 81.6
88.6 96.0 93.8 85.5
90.3 97.0 94.8 88.3
93.0 99.7 97.4 93.0
96.6 100.6 99.2 96.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
104.2 101.8 103.3 106.0
109.3 101.9 105.4 111.0
114.9 102.3 108.1 115.7
119.5 101.1 110.1 118.6
... ... ... ...
96.9 87.2 93.4 79.2 84.4 88.4
96.5 89.1 93.3 84.6 91.7 91.2
97.8 91.1 96.7 87.1 94.1 93.1
99.9 93.2 99.9 90.0 96.2 95.5
100.4 96.4 102.1 93.0 100.5 97.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
101.8 104.1 98.5 102.0 104.5 102.6
101.5 108.9 105.0 110.0 103.1 105.3
100.7 113.1 101.8 114.9 104.4 107.0
99.3 117.3 104.6 115.9 105.5 107.7
... ... ... ... ... ...
PRIVATE NONFARM BUSINESS Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons ......................... MANUFACTURING Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Hours at work of all persons ........................................ Capital services ........................................................... Energy ......................................................................... Non-energy materials .................................................. Purchased business services ...................................... Combined units of all inputs ........................................
. . . = Not available.
282
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1986–2000 (1996 = 100.) Industry
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
82.0 102.0 99.4 80.6 98.3 79.1 77.7 76.2 62.7 81.1
83.6 104.3 101.0 84.0 100.4 80.5 81.0 77.8 66.2 83.1
84.9 105.7 102.2 86.5 102.0 81.9 83.5 77.6 73.6 84.7
84.5 103.9 99.9 87.0 103.0 83.7 85.4 79.7 80.7 87.1
86.5 102.9 99.0 88.7 102.5 86.2 89.7 82.7 87.2 89.6
88.3 99.9 98.2 88.6 100.3 88.7 90.7 83.4 89.9 90.2
92.0 102.0 98.7 93.0 101.0 91.1 92.7 89.6 97.4 94.2
92.5 101.4 99.0 94.7 102.3 93.4 96.6 90.5 98.7 95.6
94.3 102.2 100.1 97.3 103.2 95.2 98.8 93.8 96.9 97.2
97.1 101.7 100.7 99.3 102.2 97.6 102.1 95.0 101.7 98.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.9 101.3 102.1 104.0 100.1 102.7 97.0 102.4 103.9 101.9
106.5 99.2 102.0 105.0 98.6 105.8 101.7 105.4 101.9 103.0
108.4 97.1 103.1 105.9 97.7 109.0 99.7 103.8 101.7 102.7
112.4 95.2 103.1 107.0 95.2 112.4 102.1 105.7 105.3 103.8
Food and Kindred Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
89.0 101.2 102.4 83.2 93.4 82.2 81.7 79.1 69.4 81.2
89.5 100.5 102.9 84.6 94.5 84.2 84.5 80.6 63.9 82.2
91.9 102.5 106.5 87.2 94.9 85.1 87.1 78.9 71.0 81.9
89.4 100.8 102.3 86.9 97.2 86.3 88.0 81.9 79.9 85.0
90.2 101.2 101.0 89.3 99.1 88.3 88.4 85.6 87.4 88.4
93.3 100.8 101.9 91.0 97.5 90.2 91.3 86.1 93.6 89.3
98.2 103.6 101.4 95.8 97.6 92.5 93.4 92.9 102.6 94.5
98.4 103.5 102.7 97.5 99.1 94.2 96.1 92.6 103.9 95.0
98.8 103.1 100.5 98.5 99.7 95.5 100.1 97.4 101.8 98.0
100.9 104.2 104.5 101.9 101.0 97.7 104.8 95.6 101.4 97.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
102.2 101.9 101.2 103.4 101.2 101.5 101.9 102.7 101.9 102.2
106.2 100.1 100.6 106.6 100.4 106.6 109.9 108.1 102.8 106.0
104.2 97.3 103.1 107.0 102.7 110.0 104.4 103.5 97.3 103.8
105.2 94.3 102.9 107.2 101.9 113.6 109.1 103.7 95.9 104.2
Textile Mill Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
71.3 88.5 85.6 80.4 112.8 90.9 83.0 88.6 57.7 94.0
72.7 95.0 86.7 86.6 119.1 91.1 91.3 95.2 63.4 99.8
73.6 94.7 89.5 86.4 117.4 91.2 91.3 88.1 71.0 96.6
76.5 96.5 90.1 88.3 115.5 91.5 91.9 90.8 80.5 98.1
78.9 93.7 90.8 86.2 109.2 92.0 88.5 88.3 81.0 95.0
79.7 93.2 91.1 85.8 107.6 92.1 90.5 86.7 86.5 94.2
85.7 100.4 95.0 93.0 108.5 92.6 94.5 91.9 97.4 97.9
89.0 104.1 96.6 97.7 109.8 93.9 98.8 97.0 101.0 101.1
91.2 105.1 97.3 101.5 111.4 96.5 104.7 101.0 105.0 104.3
95.1 101.8 98.7 100.5 105.7 98.8 106.2 99.2 103.6 101.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.9 98.9 101.4 100.7 99.8 101.8 95.9 99.4 95.8 99.3
104.0 94.1 100.9 99.6 95.7 105.8 100.7 100.9 88.5 98.6
109.7 90.5 105.9 97.1 88.5 107.3 98.5 92.3 78.6 91.7
112.0 87.5 108.4 95.4 85.2 109.1 94.0 87.9 71.6 88.0
Apparel and Related Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
75.0 103.3 97.0 91.0 121.3 88.1 66.1 96.3 33.0 93.8
76.0 106.0 98.1 93.5 123.0 88.3 68.7 98.7 31.9 95.3
76.2 102.6 98.0 92.3 121.1 89.9 69.2 94.1 40.2 94.1
72.4 99.5 96.6 87.8 121.2 88.3 60.5 85.3 48.0 90.9
75.1 97.8 96.1 87.0 115.8 88.9 59.8 84.1 59.3 90.5
75.6 98.1 94.3 86.3 114.1 87.9 61.1 84.0 71.7 91.5
81.4 102.6 93.9 93.5 114.8 91.1 95.6 93.1 93.3 99.5
85.3 101.5 94.5 96.3 112.9 94.9 105.9 97.4 97.1 101.9
90.0 102.9 96.8 100.8 112.1 98.0 103.4 101.2 100.6 104.2
95.6 99.5 98.7 101.6 106.3 102.1 110.4 100.7 102.8 102.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
113.9 108.1 102.5 107.2 94.1 99.1 84.0 112.1 107.4 104.5
117.2 96.9 103.1 103.1 88.0 106.4 88.5 107.4 98.5 100.0
129.2 95.4 103.8 104.3 80.7 109.3 83.6 113.2 99.1 100.5
142.1 91.0 105.9 102.4 72.1 112.6 85.4 112.5 93.4 96.7
Paper and Allied Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
86.6 105.1 100.4 82.4 95.2 78.5 81.2 79.2 63.8 82.1
86.5 105.7 100.0 84.6 97.8 80.1 84.9 81.0 70.0 84.6
88.3 107.5 101.0 87.8 99.4 81.7 86.4 82.6 80.5 86.9
88.1 105.0 98.6 89.1 101.1 84.9 88.8 86.3 90.3 90.4
88.3 101.1 97.7 89.6 101.4 88.6 94.2 86.8 90.5 91.7
90.7 98.4 98.5 90.2 99.6 91.8 94.9 86.2 91.1 91.6
93.0 100.2 99.8 94.1 101.2 93.9 96.8 89.5 95.7 94.3
94.8 101.3 103.4 96.3 101.6 95.0 99.2 86.8 90.8 93.2
98.5 104.8 104.4 100.6 102.2 96.0 101.3 92.8 94.3 96.4
99.1 103.3 97.9 100.4 101.3 97.2 104.5 103.8 113.6 102.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
101.3 100.3 103.1 102.3 101.0 102.0 98.2 97.5 96.3 99.2
104.8 98.9 102.5 103.6 98.9 104.8 102.1 102.1 96.0 101.1
106.2 99.2 103.8 105.4 99.3 106.2 100.0 103.4 93.1 101.6
109.3 97.1 101.6 103.8 95.0 106.9 102.0 107.1 95.8 102.2
NONDURABLE GOODS
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
283
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1986–2000—Continued (1996 = 100.) Industry
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Printing and Publishing Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
104.3 139.5 112.9 96.6 92.6 69.2 73.4 88.5 77.5 85.5
106.6 138.8 112.8 101.1 94.9 72.8 85.7 92.7 85.7 89.6
101.5 131.6 110.8 101.4 99.9 77.0 91.6 90.0 85.6 91.5
99.5 123.1 109.5 100.0 100.5 81.3 91.9 86.6 85.6 91.3
98.0 117.5 106.8 99.7 101.7 84.8 95.9 88.8 87.3 93.3
96.9 108.3 104.4 95.2 98.3 88.0 94.9 86.9 83.0 91.2
100.4 107.4 105.6 97.6 97.2 90.9 95.8 88.6 87.4 92.4
98.4 105.3 101.8 97.9 99.6 93.0 98.8 95.2 91.8 96.2
97.1 104.3 102.4 98.5 101.4 94.4 97.9 91.4 91.8 96.1
97.2 102.1 100.6 99.2 102.1 97.2 98.9 93.8 99.8 98.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
101.8 97.6 99.9 104.0 102.2 106.5 94.4 103.8 108.8 104.2
102.2 96.0 100.1 103.3 101.1 107.7 94.0 102.6 107.2 103.3
104.0 90.5 101.3 104.8 100.8 115.8 92.8 99.7 107.0 103.5
105.5 83.1 101.7 105.2 99.7 126.5 91.8 95.9 108.1 103.5
Chemicals and Allied Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
78.3 99.5 97.3 74.6 95.3 75.0 73.6 72.9 56.2 76.7
85.0 107.6 103.4 82.1 96.5 76.3 79.3 75.8 62.1 79.4
86.4 111.2 102.5 86.2 99.7 77.5 82.9 81.5 74.0 84.1
86.1 110.3 100.3 87.8 102.0 79.6 85.4 84.7 83.0 87.5
87.5 109.0 100.7 90.2 103.1 82.8 90.4 84.9 88.0 89.6
87.5 103.5 97.8 89.5 102.3 86.5 90.1 87.0 91.6 91.6
89.0 103.7 97.4 92.6 104.0 89.3 90.9 91.7 98.4 95.1
89.2 101.0 96.9 93.0 104.2 92.0 95.4 90.9 99.0 96.0
94.9 102.4 100.3 96.6 101.8 94.3 97.4 91.9 98.5 96.3
97.9 101.6 99.7 98.5 100.6 96.9 99.4 96.4 103.8 98.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
107.1 103.0 103.4 106.5 99.5 103.4 92.2 106.5 105.5 103.1
106.5 99.2 102.1 106.9 100.4 107.7 95.1 106.8 105.2 104.7
108.0 97.7 102.7 108.5 100.5 111.1 96.4 110.0 99.2 105.7
113.1 97.4 102.3 111.8 98.9 114.8 97.3 120.5 101.4 109.3
Petroleum Refining and Related Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
76.6 99.4 98.7 89.0 116.1 89.6 102.8 90.1 55.2 90.2
79.4 103.1 98.7 91.0 114.5 88.2 90.3 92.7 70.9 92.2
83.4 105.9 99.4 92.9 111.3 87.7 94.0 94.6 72.7 93.4
84.1 106.5 99.2 92.9 110.5 87.3 94.0 94.4 82.3 93.6
83.8 106.4 98.6 93.4 111.4 87.8 106.5 94.4 100.1 94.7
83.4 103.6 98.7 92.6 111.1 89.4 104.7 93.2 93.1 93.8
85.7 102.7 99.5 94.6 110.4 92.1 100.5 95.0 86.4 95.0
91.1 102.7 100.3 97.3 106.9 94.8 103.5 97.8 81.6 97.1
92.2 99.9 99.8 96.6 104.8 96.7 99.8 97.0 83.7 96.8
97.0 99.3 99.9 97.6 100.6 98.4 103.9 97.8 88.7 97.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
105.4 102.6 101.0 102.7 97.4 100.0 100.5 102.5 103.0 101.7
107.9 106.9 102.4 105.3 97.6 98.6 108.9 104.9 98.5 102.8
112.4 106.4 102.4 103.7 92.2 97.5 99.3 103.3 102.9 101.2
119.2 109.6 103.8 105.2 88.3 96.0 106.9 104.3 99.3 101.3
Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
74.0 93.8 88.6 62.1 83.9 66.2 70.0 66.9 47.3 70.1
78.2 99.4 90.2 67.5 86.3 68.0 75.4 73.0 54.2 74.9
78.8 100.6 90.7 70.1 89.0 69.7 78.5 74.7 60.5 77.3
79.6 99.5 92.5 71.9 90.4 72.3 81.0 73.8 63.9 77.8
81.9 97.5 92.6 73.4 89.7 75.3 81.4 75.7 68.2 79.3
83.0 92.1 93.7 71.9 86.6 78.1 79.9 72.0 69.0 76.7
90.3 100.6 95.8 81.2 89.9 80.7 83.5 83.0 82.7 84.8
91.7 103.1 96.8 86.7 94.6 84.1 90.3 88.1 87.3 89.6
94.5 106.7 98.4 94.3 99.8 88.4 96.6 94.9 95.4 95.8
95.7 102.6 98.3 96.4 100.7 94.0 101.9 96.7 100.5 98.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
104.1 99.4 102.2 106.1 101.9 106.7 101.2 103.8 106.7 103.7
106.8 95.6 103.8 109.7 102.7 114.8 105.4 106.2 102.9 105.7
109.5 93.3 105.0 114.0 104.1 122.2 108.3 109.4 104.1 108.6
113.9 90.3 106.5 117.2 102.9 129.8 111.9 111.2 104.9 110.0
284
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1986–2000—Continued (1996 = 100.) Industry
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
DURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
71.7 91.8 83.8 71.8 100.1 78.3 88.3 74.3 71.4 85.7
74.4 92.5 87.2 74.2 99.7 80.2 95.6 69.5 76.5 85.1
76.2 96.4 89.1 78.8 103.4 81.7 100.4 72.5 81.9 88.5
76.2 95.0 88.0 78.9 103.5 83.1 98.0 74.7 84.8 89.7
78.3 92.6 88.6 78.4 100.2 84.6 98.8 75.2 82.3 88.5
79.5 87.7 87.7 75.1 94.5 85.6 97.5 74.3 78.9 85.6
84.6 90.9 90.2 79.0 93.3 86.9 94.6 79.2 86.0 87.5
87.5 93.5 91.8 82.8 94.7 88.5 97.4 84.2 89.5 90.3
91.4 98.2 95.2 89.3 97.7 91.0 101.9 87.9 95.4 93.8
95.7 99.9 98.0 94.9 99.1 95.0 102.4 92.8 99.2 96.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
105.1 102.3 104.0 108.2 102.9 105.8 100.3 104.3 105.2 104.0
112.7 104.0 107.7 116.6 103.5 112.2 109.4 116.2 104.3 108.3
121.5 106.1 111.7 124.7 102.7 117.5 104.5 127.5 107.2 111.7
126.6 105.2 115.4 129.3 102.1 122.8 107.8 126.9 105.7 112.0
Lumber and Wood Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
106.4 93.1 105.8 94.9 89.2 101.9 77.9 92.9 55.7 89.7
107.9 101.9 110.6 102.1 94.6 100.3 88.1 94.4 59.7 92.4
105.4 102.7 111.6 101.0 95.8 98.4 92.9 89.2 58.0 90.5
102.5 101.4 110.8 97.9 95.5 96.5 90.9 83.8 62.8 88.3
103.8 100.1 111.6 96.3 92.8 96.1 92.0 80.9 63.0 86.3
106.0 93.7 111.3 88.9 83.9 94.9 92.0 73.6 60.4 79.9
106.2 98.4 110.5 92.3 86.9 93.7 85.4 78.9 69.5 83.5
100.0 98.6 101.7 92.2 92.2 93.5 94.9 86.0 100.3 90.6
99.4 102.3 101.2 97.2 97.8 95.0 100.6 93.6 102.6 96.1
99.6 102.3 102.5 99.6 100.0 97.4 98.5 94.5 98.0 97.2
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
98.6 97.3 98.6 99.8 101.2 102.6 99.1 100.2 104.6 101.2
99.6 99.6 98.5 104.0 104.5 104.4 101.2 107.7 103.9 105.6
101.8 101.6 99.1 108.6 106.7 106.9 103.8 114.4 107.4 109.6
101.5 97.8 98.6 107.2 105.7 109.7 104.0 114.3 98.2 108.7
Furniture and Fixtures Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
84.1 102.9 94.4 82.5 98.1 80.2 76.3 79.9 103.0 87.4
86.8 104.6 95.9 87.2 100.5 83.3 89.6 83.2 111.9 91.0
85.5 101.0 95.4 87.1 101.9 86.3 92.7 83.0 108.5 91.3
85.4 99.9 95.3 87.7 102.7 87.8 97.2 83.9 106.2 92.0
87.6 96.7 95.4 86.4 98.6 89.4 91.3 84.3 101.6 90.6
88.0 90.5 95.6 80.9 91.9 89.3 90.4 78.6 90.4 84.6
91.7 97.0 98.7 87.4 95.3 90.2 91.2 83.6 93.5 88.6
93.5 99.7 100.5 92.0 98.4 92.3 96.3 86.8 95.3 91.6
93.8 100.4 99.3 95.0 101.3 94.6 98.5 92.1 97.8 95.7
98.2 101.2 100.0 98.7 100.5 97.5 103.9 97.3 101.3 98.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
107.2 107.0 103.2 110.9 103.5 103.7 110.5 109.7 112.3 107.5
111.3 108.9 103.8 119.0 106.9 109.4 113.8 120.0 118.0 114.7
113.2 108.4 104.6 123.9 109.4 114.3 111.5 124.7 120.0 118.4
114.7 105.5 104.9 127.2 110.9 120.5 114.3 128.1 121.4 121.3
Stone, Clay, and Glass Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
89.0 84.3 93.0 86.3 97.0 102.4 100.4 86.3 78.2 92.8
91.2 86.5 94.6 88.4 97.0 102.2 102.6 86.6 85.3 93.5
90.2 88.3 94.7 90.2 100.0 102.2 104.5 87.5 88.1 95.2
89.9 87.4 95.8 89.6 99.7 102.5 101.7 84.3 87.9 93.6
92.1 87.0 96.6 88.8 96.4 102.0 101.6 83.4 86.8 91.9
91.0 80.9 94.5 81.8 89.9 101.0 97.0 78.2 81.6 86.5
95.7 86.5 98.9 85.7 89.5 99.1 99.6 78.5 85.5 86.7
95.8 90.0 97.5 87.6 91.4 97.2 100.6 84.4 87.9 89.8
96.1 95.2 99.4 91.9 95.6 96.5 98.7 87.3 90.2 92.5
97.3 96.8 99.9 94.5 97.1 97.6 104.3 89.6 94.0 94.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.9 98.4 103.9 103.5 99.6 105.2 101.7 97.2 97.5 99.6
108.5 97.8 103.2 109.0 100.4 111.4 112.2 108.1 101.8 105.5
108.7 94.4 103.4 110.6 101.7 117.2 107.3 109.2 100.1 107.0
108.2 90.0 102.8 111.1 102.7 123.5 109.7 108.5 96.2 108.1
Primary Metal Industries Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
81.2 75.2 98.0 80.9 99.6 107.5 95.5 69.3 70.9 82.6
85.1 82.0 97.0 86.4 101.5 105.3 98.9 78.3 84.1 89.0
87.7 90.1 96.0 93.6 106.8 103.9 111.5 88.0 100.6 97.6
85.2 88.6 94.5 91.0 106.8 102.8 103.2 86.6 101.2 96.3
85.3 86.5 96.3 88.5 103.7 102.3 105.2 80.7 93.0 91.9
86.0 82.2 96.7 83.7 97.3 101.8 107.0 75.7 81.4 86.5
91.4 86.1 99.9 86.6 94.8 100.6 99.7 78.1 84.0 86.8
95.2 91.4 103.1 90.9 95.5 99.5 99.0 80.6 85.0 88.2
96.0 97.1 101.8 96.2 100.2 99.0 110.2 88.1 93.5 94.5
97.7 98.4 99.0 97.6 100.0 99.2 99.9 96.9 101.6 98.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.8 101.6 100.4 102.6 101.7 101.0 94.6 103.5 103.6 102.2
106.3 103.5 103.5 106.1 99.8 102.5 110.8 103.9 100.1 102.6
105.8 101.7 104.8 105.6 99.8 103.8 102.2 102.6 92.4 100.8
104.3 99.6 103.8 104.3 100.0 104.8 105.5 101.6 90.5 100.5
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
285
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1986–2000—Continued (1996 = 100.) Industry
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Fabricated Metal Products Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
87.6 95.5 95.7 83.4 95.1 87.3 80.7 82.7 80.3 87.1
91.4 95.5 98.7 85.1 93.1 89.1 89.6 80.7 85.2 86.2
90.3 98.4 99.4 87.7 97.1 89.1 93.3 81.5 90.0 88.3
87.2 95.7 96.7 85.3 97.9 89.2 93.0 81.0 90.7 88.2
87.8 92.6 95.3 83.4 95.0 90.1 92.3 81.4 88.1 87.5
87.6 87.4 93.4 79.1 90.3 90.6 91.2 79.4 83.2 84.7
92.8 91.9 95.1 83.7 90.2 91.1 88.4 85.3 89.6 87.9
94.5 94.6 96.1 86.9 92.0 91.9 92.8 88.9 91.0 90.5
96.6 100.0 99.5 93.5 96.8 93.5 96.1 92.0 94.8 94.0
98.2 100.2 100.1 96.8 98.6 96.6 102.7 94.7 99.2 96.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.2 103.5 101.3 106.4 103.1 102.8 102.5 106.9 107.0 105.0
106.5 103.5 100.8 110.7 104.0 107.0 109.2 115.4 109.3 109.8
106.3 101.3 100.4 111.5 104.9 110.0 109.1 117.3 105.1 111.1
108.4 101.8 101.4 114.8 105.9 112.7 111.6 120.1 107.1 113.2
Industrial and Commercial Machinery Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
53.1 73.6 71.2 50.4 94.9 68.5 86.9 54.0 74.1 70.8
55.8 75.1 75.9 52.3 93.7 69.7 92.0 50.6 75.2 68.9
60.3 82.1 80.0 59.2 98.1 72.0 94.9 56.5 80.5 74.0
61.0 81.0 80.6 60.5 99.3 74.7 99.2 57.4 80.6 75.1
62.6 79.2 81.5 60.8 97.1 76.7 99.1 57.6 76.2 74.6
62.4 73.4 79.5 57.6 92.4 78.5 97.7 56.9 70.7 72.5
69.2 77.3 83.8 62.4 90.2 80.7 89.9 61.6 74.0 74.5
74.2 81.8 86.1 68.5 92.2 83.8 92.7 69.1 79.8 79.6
81.5 88.4 90.8 77.8 95.5 88.0 99.5 76.9 88.9 85.6
89.7 95.2 95.2 89.1 99.3 93.5 102.8 88.7 95.7 93.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
108.5 104.4 106.3 113.1 104.2 108.3 99.9 109.2 100.4 106.4
120.8 105.6 114.9 126.3 104.6 119.6 104.9 115.5 96.7 109.9
132.6 102.1 120.4 132.9 100.2 130.1 99.5 119.8 91.8 110.3
146.5 100.9 126.3 143.7 98.1 142.4 104.0 128.6 91.4 113.8
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
40.7 66.0 61.1 42.6 104.6 64.6 77.7 47.2 58.8 69.7
44.4 66.0 65.1 45.3 102.0 68.6 87.5 46.0 62.2 69.5
46.4 68.3 67.1 48.3 104.1 70.7 88.5 48.6 64.5 72.0
47.9 67.8 68.7 49.3 102.7 72.7 90.8 47.8 63.6 71.7
51.0 66.9 70.4 50.1 98.2 74.9 92.1 48.7 60.9 71.2
54.9 66.7 72.2 50.7 92.5 76.1 90.8 50.2 58.0 70.3
61.9 71.8 75.5 56.0 90.4 78.0 89.8 57.6 66.9 74.1
67.0 76.2 78.6 61.5 91.7 80.7 95.2 64.7 70.6 78.2
75.5 84.6 86.0 71.7 94.9 84.7 97.8 70.4 82.0 83.3
88.7 94.2 94.3 86.4 97.4 91.7 102.6 83.8 95.0 91.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
113.6 105.4 107.4 115.1 101.3 109.2 107.9 110.7 111.9 107.2
126.5 110.0 110.5 129.2 102.1 117.5 106.9 140.7 112.2 117.0
153.5 122.7 122.0 152.5 99.4 124.3 103.6 167.5 128.7 124.9
188.7 144.7 135.0 191.0 101.2 132.0 110.8 228.7 147.2 141.4
Transportation Equipment Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
75.9 94.6 102.2 81.6 107.5 86.2 78.1 67.1 66.7 79.8
78.0 93.2 103.6 83.2 106.7 89.3 100.8 66.8 71.4 80.3
78.8 95.8 102.8 88.1 111.9 92.0 97.3 72.0 81.3 85.7
78.7 94.2 100.0 88.2 112.1 93.6 95.2 74.3 90.7 88.2
80.5 91.0 98.9 86.4 107.4 95.0 95.7 75.0 91.1 87.4
80.3 84.5 97.7 81.0 101.0 95.9 92.6 70.4 91.4 83.0
87.8 90.2 97.7 86.5 98.6 95.9 95.9 79.6 102.1 88.5
92.9 94.2 100.1 90.5 97.4 96.1 101.2 83.8 100.8 90.4
97.8 100.6 101.6 97.2 99.3 96.6 101.7 91.6 105.5 95.6
98.0 100.8 101.4 98.3 100.3 97.5 104.9 94.0 102.5 96.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
106.4 107.0 102.2 111.1 104.4 103.8 103.9 112.1 107.5 108.7
114.7 109.4 104.9 120.0 104.7 109.7 107.8 121.7 108.2 114.4
123.9 115.4 106.6 131.4 106.0 113.9 105.4 135.8 118.5 123.3
119.1 105.2 105.1 122.6 103.0 116.6 110.1 126.6 103.2 116.7
Instruments Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
68.7 116.6 91.4 79.9 116.3 68.5 102.0 66.3 82.3 87.4
73.5 125.5 94.6 84.9 115.5 67.7 96.3 69.8 89.6 89.7
74.0 126.1 98.3 88.2 119.3 70.0 100.1 67.1 89.4 89.7
74.3 117.0 95.8 87.8 118.1 75.0 99.7 70.1 94.8 91.6
77.4 111.9 98.1 89.1 115.2 79.6 104.2 70.7 92.6 90.9
80.6 106.3 98.1 89.3 110.7 84.0 100.6 73.6 92.8 91.0
87.1 104.5 99.1 92.7 106.4 88.7 99.4 80.3 99.9 93.6
88.2 100.8 97.9 92.5 104.9 91.8 100.5 82.1 104.5 94.5
91.5 99.0 98.9 92.5 101.1 93.4 99.2 83.4 103.7 93.5
95.5 99.1 99.2 94.9 99.3 95.7 104.5 89.5 104.3 95.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
99.1 96.7 98.0 102.1 103.0 105.6 99.0 106.9 99.1 104.2
103.6 94.9 98.7 105.8 102.1 111.5 84.1 116.6 94.8 107.1
108.3 91.6 98.3 108.5 100.2 118.4 74.6 127.8 94.7 110.4
116.5 92.6 101.9 115.7 99.3 125.0 73.3 137.1 95.9 113.6
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Output per hour of all persons .......................... Output per unit of capital .................................. Multifactor productivity ...................................... Sector output .................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................. Capital services ................................................ Energy .............................................................. Non-energy materials ....................................... Purchased business services ........................... Combined units of all inputs ..............................
85.5 89.9 97.7 79.6 93.2 88.6 73.4 69.8 83.2 81.5
89.3 91.8 99.7 83.4 93.4 90.9 90.1 71.2 92.1 83.7
90.3 96.9 103.1 88.8 98.3 91.7 91.9 72.6 95.3 86.1
87.6 93.5 101.5 86.9 99.2 93.0 94.4 71.3 91.1 85.6
90.9 93.7 100.6 87.6 96.4 93.4 95.6 76.2 90.3 87.0
89.9 91.1 97.0 84.5 94.0 92.7 93.3 79.4 86.0 87.1
90.6 92.3 94.9 87.6 96.7 94.9 84.7 87.8 92.6 92.3
92.1 95.7 95.3 92.5 100.4 96.7 95.6 94.4 97.6 97.0
90.9 96.0 96.4 94.2 103.6 98.1 96.2 93.7 95.4 97.7
97.3 98.2 99.3 96.8 99.5 98.6 107.9 95.1 97.9 97.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
97.0 100.2 100.1 102.1 105.3 101.9 97.6 99.9 100.5 102.0
99.9 99.3 99.5 103.9 104.0 104.6 102.5 107.1 97.2 104.4
104.4 99.3 101.7 106.5 102.0 107.2 97.0 110.1 92.8 104.8
112.0 101.3 104.9 111.4 99.5 110.0 101.6 114.1 95.2 106.2
PART SIX COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES HIGHLIGHTS This chapter covers the employment cost index (ECI), which shows the change in wages and salaries and benefits, employer costs for employee compensation (ECEC), employee participation in various benefit plans, and mean hourly earnings from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). Private Industry Wages, Salaries and Benefits, December to December Percent Change, 1993–2003
State and Local Government Wages, Salaries, and Benefits, December to December Percent Change, 1993–2003
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Wages and salaries
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Wages and salaries
Benefits
Benefits
Private industry wages rose 3.0 percent in 2003. For state and local governments, the rate of wage change continued to slow from 3.2 percent to 2.1 percent. The change was substantial regarding benefits in the private industry; a 6.4 percent increase up from a 4.7 percent increase the previous year. That increase exceeded the state and local government benefits increase, which remained stable at 6.1 percent. (Tables 6-1, 6-2 and 6-3) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Banking and other credit agencies exceeded all industries in wage and salary increase in 2003, 14.3 percent compared with the total private increase of 3 percent and more than double the 2002 increase for that industry. (Table 6-1) • Many industries, including nursing homes, colleges and universities, and wholesale and retail trade experienced less than average wage and salary increases in 2003, in the 2-3 percent range. (Table 6-1) • The benefit increases in almost all industries exceeded the wage increase by a wide margin. (Table 6-1 and Table 6-3) • On a dollar basis, for private industry workers in goods producing industries, wages declined as a proportion of total compensation in 2003 from 67.7 percent to 66.7 percent. (Table 6-5 in the seventh and eighth editions) • Similarly, for state and local government, the proportion of wages and salaries declined from 70.0 percent to 69.2 percent of total compensation and the benefit share rose from 30.0 percent to 30.8 percent. (Table 6-7 in the seventh and eighth editions)
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NOTES AND DEFINITIONS EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX NOTE: The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is now part of the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The ECI is expected to convert to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) by the end of 2005. The Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) converted to NAICS and the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System beginning with 2004 estimates. Collection and Coverage The ECI is a quarterly measure of the rate of change in compensation per hour worked and includes wages, salaries, and employer costs of employee benefits. It uses a fixed market basket of labor—similar in concept to the Consumer Price Index’s fixed market basket of goods and services—to measure change over time in employer costs of employing labor. Statistical series on total compensation costs, on wages and salaries, and on benefit costs are available for private nonfarm workers excluding proprietors, the selfemployed, and household workers. The total compensation costs and wages and salaries series are also available for state and local government workers and for the civilian nonfarm economy, which consists of private industry and state and local government workers combined. Federal workers are excluded. The ECI probability sample consists of about 9,800 private nonfarm establishments providing about 44,000 occupational observations and 1,000 state and local government establishments providing 6,000 occupational observations selected to represent total employment in each sector. On average, each reporting unit provides wage and compensation information on five well-specified occupations. The occupations are defined narrowly enough so that all workers in the job carry out the same task at roughly the same level of skill. Data are collected each quarter for the pay period including the 12th day of March, June, September, and December. From June 1986 to March 1995 fixed employment weights from the 1980 Census of Population were used each quarter to calculate the civilian and private indexes and the index for state and local governments. In March 1995, 1990 employment counts were introduced. Prior to June 1986, the employment weights are from the 1970 Census of Population. These fixed weights, also used to derive all of the industry and occupation series indexes, ensure that changes in these indexes reflect only changes in compensation, not employment shifts among industries or occupations with different levels of wages and com-
pensation. For the bargaining status, region, and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan area series, however, employment data by industry and occupation are not available from the census. Instead, the 1980 employment weights are reallocated within these series each quarter based on the current sample. Therefore, these indexes are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series. Concepts and Definitions Total compensation costs include wages, salaries, and the employer’s costs for employee benefits. Wages and salaries consist of earnings before payroll deductions, including production bonuses, incentive earnings, commissions, and cost-of-living adjustments. Benefits include the cost to employers for paid leave, supplemental pay (including nonproduction bonuses), insurance, retirement and savings plans, and legally required benefits (such as Social Security, workers’ compensation, and unemployment insurance). Excluded from wages and salaries and employee benefit costs are such items as payment-in-kind, free room and board, and tips. Bonuses. In June 2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics expanded the definition of nonproduction bonuses in the ECI to better represent the compensation packages offered to employees. In addition to the traditional types of nonproduction bonuses, such as attendance bonuses and lump sum payments, the ECI will include hiring and referral bonuses. Hiring bonuses are payments made by the employer to induce an individual to accept employment; referral bonuses are made by the employer to an employee for recommending an applicant who is hired by the establishment. Costs per hours worked. The ECEC components are based on data from the ECI. Beginning with the March 2004 estimates, industry estimates are based on NAICS 2002 and the occupational categories are classified according to the 2000 SOC system. These systems replace the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC) and the Occupational Classification System (OCS). Current employment weights are used to calculate cost levels. The March 2004 cost levels were calculated using the March 2004 employment counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, benchmarked to the 2003 universe of all private nonfarm establishments.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Sources of Additional Information Additional information on Employment Cost Index methodology and data is available in BLS news releases. The quarterly publication, Compensation and Working Conditions, contains articles on The National Compensation Survey and is availabe on the BLS Web site.
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Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Private industry workers 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.2
102.3
4.8
99.0
100.0
101.2
102.0
4.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.1 117.1 121.0
105.2 109.8 113.9 118.0 122.0
106.2 111.0 114.8 119.1 123.0
107.0 111.7 115.6 119.8 123.5
4.6 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.1
103.2 107.3 110.9 113.9 117.2
104.5 108.4 111.6 114.6 118.1
105.4 109.3 112.2 115.7 119.1
106.1 110.0 112.9 116.4 119.7
4.0 3.7 2.6 3.1 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.5 127.9 131.7 136.3 140.4
125.4 129.0 132.8 137.5 142.0
126.2 129.8 133.9 139.0 143.3
126.7 130.6 135.1 139.8 144.6
2.6 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.4
120.6 124.4 128.6 133.7 138.1
121.5 125.6 129.7 134.9 139.7
122.4 126.5 131.0 136.6 141.0
123.1 127.3 132.3 137.4 142.2
2.8 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.8 153.0 158.9 165.0
148.5 154.5 160.7 166.4
149.9 155.9 161.6 168.1
150.9 157.2 162.3 168.8
4.4 4.2 3.2 4.0
143.9 149.4 154.7 159.3
145.4 150.9 156.3 160.4
146.8 152.1 157.0 161.7
147.7 153.3 157.5 162.3
3.9 3.8 2.7 3.0
Private industry workers, excluding sales occupations 99.0
100.0
101.2
102.1
4.5
99.1
100.0
101.1
101.9
4.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.6 113.3 117.5 121.4
105.1 109.8 114.1 118.5 122.3
106.3 111.1 115.1 119.5 123.4
107.1 112.0 115.9 120.2 123.9
4.9 4.6 3.5 3.7 3.1
103.2 107.4 111.1 114.2 117.5
104.4 108.4 111.8 115.0 118.3
105.4 109.4 112.5 115.9 119.4
106.2 110.2 113.2 116.6 120.0
4.2 3.8 2.7 3.0 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.0 128.3 131.9 136.4 140.5
125.7 129.2 133.0 137.5 141.9
126.5 130.2 134.1 138.8 143.2
127.1 130.8 135.2 139.4 144.5
2.6 2.9 3.4 3.1 3.7
121.0 124.7 128.6 133.7 138.2
121.8 125.7 129.9 134.8 139.6
122.6 126.8 131.2 136.3 140.8
123.4 127.5 132.4 136.9 142.0
2.8 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.5 153.0 159.0 165.1
148.2 154.4 160.5 166.6
149.8 156.0 161.6 168.1
150.9 157.2 162.4 169.0
4.4 4.2 3.3 4.1
143.5 149.5 154.9 159.4
145.1 150.8 156.1 160.5
146.5 152.2 157.0 161.7
147.6 153.3 157.5 162.4
3.9 3.9 2.7 3.1
WORKERS BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP White-collar occupations 98.9
100.0
101.4
102.4
5.2
99.0
100.0
101.4
102.4
4.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.1 109.0 113.4 117.4 121.5
105.5 110.3 114.2 118.3 122.5
106.7 111.4 115.1 119.4 123.5
107.4 112.2 115.9 120.2 124.1
4.9 4.5 3.3 3.7 3.2
103.6 107.9 111.7 114.7 118.3
104.9 109.1 112.3 115.5 119.3
106.0 110.1 112.9 116.7 120.2
106.6 110.7 113.7 117.5 120.8
4.1 3.8 2.7 3.3 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.3 129.0 133.1 138.1 142.4
126.2 130.0 134.1 139.4 144.1
127.0 131.1 135.2 141.1 145.6
127.6 131.7 136.7 142.0 146.9
2.8 3.2 3.8 3.9 3.5
121.7 125.8 130.2 135.7 140.3
122.7 127.0 131.3 137.0 142.1
123.6 128.0 132.7 139.0 143.5
124.3 128.7 134.2 139.9 144.8
2.9 3.5 4.3 4.2 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.3 155.7 161.9 168.1
151.1 157.4 163.8 169.4
152.6 158.7 164.6 171.2
153.6 160.1 165.2 172.0
4.6 4.2 3.2 4.1
146.6 152.3 157.7 162.6
148.3 153.8 159.4 163.8
149.7 154.8 160.0 165.3
150.6 156.1 160.4 165.9
4.0 3.7 2.8 3.4
White-collar occupations, excluding sales occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.3
102.2
4.8
99.2
100.0
101.2
102.1
4.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.2 109.2 113.8 118.3 122.4
105.4 110.4 114.6 119.2 123.3
106.9 111.8 115.8 120.2 124.4
107.7 112.7 116.6 121.0 125.1
5.4 4.6 3.5 3.8 3.4
103.7 108.2 112.1 115.7 119.0
104.8 109.2 112.8 116.4 119.9
106.2 110.5 113.7 117.4 121.0
106.9 111.3 114.4 118.2 121.7
4.7 4.1 2.8 3.3 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.3 129.9 133.7 138.8 143.0
127.0 130.7 134.8 139.9 144.5
127.8 132.0 135.9 141.3 146.0
128.6 132.5 137.4 141.9 147.3
2.8 3.0 3.7 3.3 3.8
122.8 126.7 130.8 136.3 141.0
123.4 127.6 132.0 137.5 142.5
124.3 129.0 133.4 139.1 143.9
125.2 129.4 134.8 139.7 145.2
2.9 3.4 4.2 3.6 3.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.4 156.5 162.8 169.1
151.3 158.1 164.3 170.4
152.9 159.6 165.3 172.1
154.1 160.9 165.9 173.0
4.6 4.4 3.1 4.3
146.7 153.0 158.6 163.6
148.5 154.4 160.0 164.8
149.9 155.7 160.8 166.2
151.1 156.9 161.3 167.0
4.1 3.8 2.8 3.5
1Excludes farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
293
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Professional specialty and technical occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.8
102.9
5.5
99.3
100.0
101.6
102.5
4.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.9 110.1 115.3 120.4 124.6
105.8 111.1 116.4 121.3 125.3
107.5 112.8 118.0 122.2 126.3
108.7 113.9 119.0 122.9 126.8
5.6 4.8 4.5 3.3 3.2
104.1 108.6 113.0 117.1 120.4
104.8 109.5 114.0 117.9 121.3
106.5 111.1 115.3 118.9 122.2
107.5 112.0 116.0 119.5 123.0
4.9 4.2 3.6 3.0 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.7 131.6 134.6 138.8 142.9
128.4 132.6 135.9 140.1 144.1
129.3 133.3 136.7 141.6 145.2
129.9 133.7 137.8 142.6 146.7
2.4 2.9 3.1 3.5 2.9
123.7 127.8 131.0 135.9 140.7
124.4 128.8 132.4 137.1 141.8
125.3 129.6 133.7 138.7 142.6
126.1 129.9 134.8 139.7 144.1
2.5 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.4 156.3 161.5 166.5
150.7 157.5 162.5 167.7
152.2 159.2 163.6 169.4
153.7 160.3 164.4 170.5
4.8 4.3 2.6 3.7
145.1 152.1 156.7 159.5
147.3 153.2 157.4 160.5
148.6 154.8 158.2 162.1
150.2 155.9 158.5 163.0
4.2 3.8 1.7 2.8
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 99.1
100.0
100.9
101.5
3.8
99.3
100.0
100.8
101.5
3.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.7 108.9 112.7 116.5 120.3
105.3 110.3 113.1 117.2 121.3
106.6 111.5 113.9 118.1 122.6
107.2 112.3 114.5 118.9 123.3
5.6 4.8 2.0 3.8 3.7
103.3 108.2 111.6 114.7 117.8
104.9 109.4 112.0 115.3 118.8
106.2 110.6 112.5 116.2 120.0
106.9 111.4 113.2 117.0 120.5
5.3 4.2 1.6 3.4 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.9 128.0 133.0 139.4 143.7
125.4 128.8 133.9 140.0 145.8
126.2 130.9 135.2 141.9 147.7
126.9 131.3 137.4 141.8 149.1
2.9 3.5 4.6 3.2 5.1
121.9 125.9 131.0 137.8 141.9
122.5 126.8 132.1 138.7 144.3
123.4 128.9 133.6 140.9 146.4
124.4 129.3 135.8 140.5 147.6
3.2 3.9 5.0 3.5 5.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
151.1 157.3 164.4 172.1
152.7 159.4 166.6 173.1
154.4 160.2 167.0 175.0
155.3 161.8 167.2 175.9
4.2 4.2 3.3 5.2
149.2 154.7 161.3 169.1
150.7 156.5 163.6 170.3
152.3 157.2 164.3 171.8
153.0 158.6 164.5 172.5
3.7 3.7 3.7 4.9
Sales occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.3
100.0
101.9
103.3
7.3
98.6
100.0
102.1
103.7
7.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.6 108.0 111.6 112.9 117.2
105.6 109.8 112.2 113.8 118.8
105.9 109.8 111.8 115.6 119.2
106.0 109.6 112.6 116.5 119.6
2.6 3.4 2.7 3.5 2.7
103.3 106.8 109.7 110.5 114.8
105.3 108.5 110.1 111.6 116.2
105.4 108.2 109.7 113.8 116.5
105.2 107.9 110.7 114.7 116.7
1.4 2.6 2.6 3.6 1.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
120.2 124.8 130.1 135.3 139.6
122.4 126.9 130.7 137.3 142.6
123.2 126.7 132.2 140.4 144.1
123.2 128.1 133.5 142.6 145.3
3.0 4.0 4.2 6.8 1.9
116.9 122.0 127.8 133.1 137.3
119.3 124.4 128.3 135.2 140.5
120.5 123.9 129.8 138.8 142.1
120.4 125.9 131.4 141.3 143.3
3.2 4.6 4.4 7.5 1.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.9 152.3 157.7 163.5
150.3 154.5 161.6 165.1
151.2 155.0 161.6 167.2
151.4 156.7 161.9 167.1
4.2 3.5 3.3 3.2
146.7 149.2 153.6 158.1
147.9 151.5 157.0 159.3
149.0 151.2 156.9 161.6
148.7 152.6 156.8 161.1
3.8 2.6 2.8 2.7
Administrative support occupations, including clerical occupations 98.9
100.0
101.2
102.3
5.1
99.1
100.0
101.1
102.2
4.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.2 108.6 113.6 118.1 122.5
105.3 109.9 114.4 119.2 123.5
106.4 111.0 115.5 120.3 124.5
107.3 111.9 116.4 121.2 125.1
4.9 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.2
103.6 107.6 111.6 115.2 119.0
104.7 108.6 112.4 116.1 119.9
105.7 109.6 113.2 117.1 120.9
106.4 110.4 114.0 118.0 121.6
4.1 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.5 130.1 133.7 138.2 142.6
127.3 130.8 134.7 139.6 143.7
128.1 132.0 135.9 140.6 145.0
129.0 132.5 137.0 141.4 146.2
3.1 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.4
122.9 126.5 130.6 135.3 140.4
123.5 127.3 131.7 136.7 141.4
124.3 128.5 132.9 137.9 142.7
125.3 129.2 133.9 138.9 143.8
3.0 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.0 156.1 162.8 169.0
150.6 157.7 164.2 170.9
152.3 159.5 165.6 172.3
153.4 160.8 166.7 173.1
4.9 4.8 3.7 3.8
146.0 152.3 158.2 162.6
147.5 153.6 159.2 164.0
149.1 155.3 160.3 165.1
150.1 156.5 161.3 165.7
4.4 4.3 3.1 2.7
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
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Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.1
101.9
4.1
99.0
100.0
101.0
101.6
3.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.5 107.9 112.5 116.6 120.3
104.7 109.0 113.4 117.7 121.2
105.6 110.2 114.3 118.7 122.3
106.4 111.0 115.0 119.3 122.6
4.4 4.3 3.6 3.7 2.8
102.7 106.4 109.7 112.5 115.6
103.8 107.3 110.4 113.2 116.5
104.6 108.0 111.1 114.1 117.5
105.2 108.8 111.6 114.8 118.0
3.5 3.4 2.6 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.5 126.6 129.6 133.1 136.9
124.4 127.6 130.8 134.3 138.2
125.1 128.1 131.7 135.2 139.4
125.6 129.0 132.3 135.9 140.5
2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.3
119.0 122.5 126.0 130.2 134.3
120.1 123.7 127.3 131.3 135.6
120.8 124.3 128.3 132.4 136.8
121.4 125.1 129.1 133.2 137.7
2.9 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
142.6 148.2 153.6 159.7
144.1 149.3 155.1 161.4
145.5 151.0 156.3 162.8
146.4 151.9 157.3 163.6
4.2 3.8 3.6 4.0
139.1 144.6 149.6 153.6
140.5 145.9 150.9 154.6
141.9 147.5 151.7 155.6
142.8 148.3 152.4 156.1
3.7 3.9 2.8 2.4
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations 98.7
100.0
101.2
102.0
4.1
98.8
100.0
101.0
101.6
3.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.4 108.0 112.2 116.6 120.2
104.7 109.2 113.1 117.6 121.2
105.6 110.5 114.3 118.7 122.5
106.2 111.0 115.0 118.9 122.5
4.1 4.5 3.6 3.4 3.0
102.5 106.3 109.3 112.4 115.5
103.6 107.0 110.1 113.2 116.5
104.4 107.8 111.0 114.2 117.8
104.9 108.4 111.5 114.7 117.9
3.2 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.4 126.5 129.6 132.9 137.2
124.4 127.7 130.9 134.4 138.4
125.4 128.2 131.7 135.4 139.6
125.7 129.1 131.9 136.1 140.6
2.6 2.7 2.2 3.2 3.3
118.8 122.4 125.8 129.8 134.3
119.9 123.7 127.4 131.2 135.6
121.0 124.2 128.2 132.3 136.7
121.4 125.1 128.7 133.0 137.5
3.0 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
142.3 148.7 153.7 160.0
144.1 149.7 155.7 162.0
145.8 151.8 156.9 163.1
146.7 152.5 157.8 164.2
4.3 4.0 3.5 4.1
138.9 144.6 149.2 153.4
140.6 145.7 151.0 154.7
142.0 147.7 151.8 155.5
142.8 148.4 152.3 156.2
3.9 3.9 2.6 2.6
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 98.9
100.0
100.9
101.8
4.3
99.0
100.0
100.6
101.6
3.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.7 108.3 113.9 117.8 121.3
105.0 109.4 114.6 119.0 122.2
105.9 110.5 115.0 120.0 122.9
106.9 111.6 115.8 120.8 123.4
5.0 4.4 3.8 4.3 2.2
103.0 107.1 110.9 113.2 116.2
104.2 108.0 111.6 113.8 117.2
104.9 108.7 111.7 114.7 118.0
105.8 109.8 112.4 115.6 118.8
4.1 3.8 2.4 2.8 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.2 127.1 130.0 133.6 137.3
124.8 128.1 131.2 134.7 138.4
125.1 128.7 132.2 135.7 139.9
126.2 129.5 133.0 136.8 141.4
2.3 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.4
119.6 123.4 127.2 131.6 135.7
120.9 124.5 128.5 132.7 136.7
121.4 125.4 129.5 133.8 138.3
122.3 126.4 130.6 134.9 139.5
2.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.0 148.3 153.6 159.9
145.0 149.1 154.7 161.1
146.0 150.4 155.4 162.6
146.8 151.5 156.7 163.2
3.8 3.2 3.4 4.1
140.7 145.6 150.5 154.7
141.6 146.9 151.6 155.3
142.9 148.1 152.0 156.8
143.7 149.0 153.2 156.9
3.0 3.7 2.8 2.4
99.0
100.0
101.2
101.4
3.3
99.3
100.0
101.2
101.2
2.6
Transportation and material moving occupations 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.1 106.3 110.4 113.9 118.5
104.3 107.6 111.4 115.2 119.1
104.9 108.3 112.5 115.9 120.3
105.5 109.0 113.0 117.0 120.6
4.0 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.1
102.0 104.5 107.4 110.0 113.5
103.1 105.6 108.3 111.2 114.0
103.6 106.1 109.3 111.7 115.2
104.1 106.7 109.7 112.6 115.6
2.9 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
121.8 123.9 126.1 129.3 131.6
122.4 124.7 126.8 129.9 133.6
122.9 124.9 128.0 130.7 134.4
123.0 125.2 128.9 130.7 135.2
2.0 1.8 3.0 1.4 3.4
117.0 120.0 122.3 125.9 129.1
117.8 120.6 123.0 126.4 131.0
118.5 121.0 124.1 127.6 131.9
118.6 121.1 125.1 127.8 132.7
2.6 2.1 3.3 2.2 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
137.5 142.6 148.7 153.2
138.6 143.9 149.6 155.1
139.9 145.6 151.0 156.7
141.1 146.3 151.8 156.9
4.4 3.7 3.8 3.4
134.1 139.5 144.8 147.8
135.2 140.7 145.2 149.0
136.5 142.1 146.3 149.8
137.6 142.8 146.9 149.8
3.7 3.8 2.9 2.0
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
295
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.3
102.2
4.6
99.1
100.0
101.1
102.0
3.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.6 108.1 112.6 116.8 120.2
104.7 109.3 113.4 117.6 121.4
105.7 110.4 114.6 118.4 122.7
106.7 111.4 115.3 119.1 122.9
4.4 4.4 3.5 3.3 3.2
103.0 107.3 110.6 113.6 116.6
104.4 108.5 111.3 114.3 117.3
105.3 109.2 112.1 114.9 117.9
106.2 109.9 112.6 115.7 118.9
4.1 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.1 128.5 132.8 137.0 141.0
125.3 129.3 133.4 137.6 142.3
125.9 130.0 134.2 138.5 143.2
126.8 131.3 135.8 139.2 144.4
3.2 3.5 3.4 2.5 3.7
120.1 124.2 128.4 133.2 137.3
121.2 125.1 129.3 133.7 138.3
121.5 125.8 130.2 135.1 139.4
122.6 127.1 131.8 135.8 140.4
3.1 3.7 3.7 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.4 152.2 158.7 164.9
148.1 153.4 159.9 166.8
149.4 154.9 161.4 168.6
150.4 156.5 162.9 169.5
4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1
141.8 148.0 154.2 158.4
143.6 149.8 155.1 159.0
145.0 151.0 156.0 159.9
146.2 152.4 157.2 160.6
4.1 4.2 3.1 2.2
Service occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.2
100.0
101.1
102.5
4.4
99.4
100.0
100.9
102.3
3.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.3 113.5 117.2 120.6
104.9 109.9 114.2 118.0 121.0
105.7 111.5 115.4 118.9 121.8
107.3 112.4 115.9 119.5 122.9
4.7 4.8 3.1 3.1 2.8
103.1 106.9 111.2 113.5 116.3
104.2 108.3 111.6 114.1 116.8
104.9 109.8 112.5 114.9 117.6
106.4 110.6 112.9 115.3 118.8
4.0 3.9 2.1 2.1 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.4 125.8 129.8 135.3 139.5
124.0 126.5 130.9 136.0 140.6
124.7 127.4 133.1 137.3 141.0
125.2 128.9 134.1 138.0 142.6
1.9 3.0 4.0 2.9 3.3
119.4 122.2 126.6 132.1 136.7
120.0 123.0 127.6 133.0 137.8
120.8 124.1 129.9 134.4 138.0
121.4 125.7 131.1 135.3 139.6
2.2 3.5 4.3 3.2 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
143.9 150.0 156.4 161.7
145.4 151.3 157.4 162.6
146.6 152.6 159.0 163.8
148.1 154.8 159.8 164.9
3.9 4.5 3.2 3.2
141.0 146.4 152.0 155.5
142.5 147.5 152.8 156.1
143.5 148.7 153.9 157.1
144.9 150.6 154.5 157.8
3.8 3.9 2.6 2.1
Production and nonsupervisory occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.4
102.4
5.0
99.0
100.0
101.3
102.2
4.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.8 108.4 113.0 116.9 120.7
105.1 109.6 113.8 117.9 121.6
106.0 110.8 114.8 119.0 122.6
106.9 111.5 115.5 119.7 123.1
4.4 4.3 3.6 3.6 2.8
103.2 107.0 110.6 113.4 116.6
104.3 108.1 111.3 114.2 117.5
105.2 109.0 112.0 115.3 118.5
105.9 109.6 112.6 115.9 119.1
3.6 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.1 127.5 131.1 135.3 139.3
125.0 128.6 132.1 136.6 140.8
125.8 129.2 133.2 138.0 141.9
126.3 130.0 134.2 139.0 143.1
2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 2.9
119.9 123.7 127.7 132.3 136.8
121.0 124.9 128.8 133.6 138.2
121.8 125.6 130.1 135.2 139.3
122.4 126.5 131.2 136.4 140.4
2.8 3.3 3.7 4.0 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.3 151.4 157.1 162.6
146.9 152.7 158.7 164.1
148.4 154.3 159.7 165.7
149.5 155.5 160.5 166.6
4.5 4.0 3.2 3.8
142.1 147.7 152.7 156.4
143.7 149.0 154.0 157.4
145.0 150.3 154.7 158.8
146.0 151.5 155.2 159.4
4.0 3.8 2.4 2.7
WORKERS BY INDUSTRY DIVISION Goods-producing industries 2 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
101.1
102.1
4.3
99.1
100.0
101.0
102.0
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.5 118.0 121.8
105.2 109.8 114.3 119.1 123.0
106.2 111.0 115.3 119.9 123.9
107.0 111.9 116.1 120.6 124.3
4.8 4.6 3.8 3.9 3.1
103.1 107.0 110.7 113.8 116.9
104.2 108.0 111.4 114.5 118.0
105.1 108.7 112.1 115.3 118.9
105.8 109.7 112.8 116.1 119.6
3.7 3.7 2.8 2.9 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.3 128.2 131.4 135.1 138.9
125.9 129.3 132.7 136.2 139.9
126.5 130.1 133.6 137.1 141.1
127.3 130.9 134.1 137.8 142.5
2.4 2.8 2.4 2.8 3.4
120.4 123.9 127.5 132.0 136.3
121.4 125.1 128.9 133.2 137.3
122.1 126.1 129.9 134.3 138.5
122.9 126.8 130.6 135.2 139.7
2.8 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.8 150.7 156.2 163.0
146.6 152.1 157.6 164.5
147.9 153.1 158.6 165.7
148.8 154.4 160.1 166.5
4.4 3.8 3.7 4.0
141.3 147.0 151.7 156.3
143.0 148.6 153.1 157.4
144.3 149.5 153.9 158.3
145.2 150.5 155.0 158.7
3.9 3.7 3.0 2.4
1Excludes farm and household 2Includes mining, construction,
workers. and manufacturing.
296
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Goods-producing industries, excluding sales occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
101.1
102.2
4.4
99.1
100.0
101.0
102.0
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.4 113.4 117.8 121.4
105.1 109.8 114.1 118.8 122.5
106.1 110.9 115.2 119.6 123.5
107.0 111.8 115.9 120.1 124.0
4.7 4.5 3.7 3.6 3.2
103.0 106.9 110.5 113.5 116.4
104.2 107.9 111.2 114.2 117.4
105.0 108.7 112.0 114.9 118.4
105.7 109.7 112.6 115.6 119.1
3.6 3.8 2.6 2.7 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.9 128.0 131.1 134.5 138.3
125.6 129.0 132.3 135.6 139.3
126.1 129.8 133.1 136.5 140.5
127.0 130.5 133.6 137.2 141.8
2.4 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3
119.9 123.5 127.0 131.3 135.5
120.9 124.6 128.3 132.5 136.6
121.6 125.7 129.3 133.6 137.8
122.4 126.3 130.0 134.4 138.9
2.8 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.2 150.1 155.5 162.4
145.9 151.5 156.9 163.8
147.2 152.5 157.9 165.0
148.2 153.7 159.2 165.9
4.5 3.7 3.6 4.2
140.5 146.3 150.9 155.4
142.1 147.8 152.2 156.5
143.4 148.7 153.0 157.4
144.6 149.7 154.0 158.0
4.1 3.5 2.9 2.6
Goods-producing industries, white-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.2
101.9
4.2
99.2
100.0
101.0
101.9
3.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.6 118.6 123.0
105.3 110.1 114.5 119.6 124.3
106.7 111.2 115.5 120.5 125.1
107.4 112.3 116.7 121.1 125.9
5.4 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.0
103.5 107.4 111.7 115.4 119.1
104.6 108.5 112.5 116.4 120.3
105.7 109.5 113.2 117.3 121.1
106.3 110.4 114.2 118.2 122.0
4.3 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.2 130.0 133.5 137.7 141.7
127.6 131.0 134.8 138.8 142.7
128.1 132.2 135.6 139.7 143.9
129.0 132.9 136.2 140.2 145.5
2.5 3.0 2.5 2.9 3.7
123.0 126.2 130.0 135.0 139.4
123.8 127.3 131.4 136.3 140.5
124.4 128.6 132.3 137.4 141.7
125.3 129.1 132.9 138.2 143.0
2.7 3.0 2.9 4.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.1 154.5 160.1 167.8
150.1 156.5 161.9 169.2
151.3 156.8 162.9 170.1
151.9 158.1 164.3 170.5
4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8
145.0 150.5 155.0 160.0
146.8 152.3 156.6 161.4
147.9 152.6 157.5 161.9
148.7 153.6 158.6 162.1
4.0 3.3 3.3 2.2
Goods-producing industries, white-collar occupations, excluding sales occupations 99.0
100.0
101.2
102.0
4.4
99.2
100.0
101.0
102.0
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.2 118.1 121.9
105.2 110.0 113.9 119.0 123.2
106.4 111.1 115.1 119.7 124.1
107.1 112.2 116.2 119.9 125.0
5.0 4.8 3.6 3.2 4.3
103.3 107.2 111.3 114.9 117.7
104.4 108.5 112.0 115.6 118.8
105.6 109.5 112.9 116.4 119.8
106.2 110.5 113.7 116.8 120.8
4.1 4.0 2.9 2.7 3.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.2 129.4 132.6 136.3 140.4
126.7 130.2 133.8 137.4 141.3
127.2 131.5 134.5 138.3 142.5
128.2 132.1 135.0 138.8 143.9
2.6 3.0 2.2 2.8 3.7
121.8 125.3 128.9 133.3 137.8
122.5 126.3 130.0 134.6 138.8
123.2 127.7 130.9 135.7 140.1
124.2 128.1 131.6 136.4 141.3
2.8 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.5 153.0 158.4 166.3
148.4 155.0 160.2 167.5
149.6 155.3 161.1 168.5
150.5 156.5 162.3 169.2
4.6 4.0 3.7 4.3
143.2 148.9 152.9 158.0
144.9 150.5 154.5 159.2
146.0 150.8 155.4 159.9
147.2 151.7 156.3 160.4
4.2 3.1 3.0 2.6
Goods-producing industries, blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
101.1
102.3
4.4
99.0
100.0
101.0
101.9
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.4 113.4 117.6 121.1
105.1 109.7 114.1 118.7 122.2
106.0 110.8 115.1 119.6 123.1
106.9 111.6 115.8 120.2 123.4
4.5 4.4 3.8 3.8 2.7
102.9 106.8 110.1 112.8 115.6
104.1 107.6 110.7 113.4 116.6
104.7 108.3 111.4 114.1 117.5
105.5 109.2 111.9 114.9 118.1
3.5 3.5 2.5 2.7 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.1 127.1 130.2 133.5 137.1
124.9 128.3 131.4 134.6 138.3
125.5 128.9 132.4 135.5 139.4
126.3 129.6 132.8 136.3 140.7
2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.2
118.8 122.4 126.0 130.1 134.3
119.9 123.7 127.3 131.3 135.4
120.7 124.5 128.4 132.3 136.6
121.4 125.3 129.2 133.3 137.6
2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
142.8 148.2 153.6 159.9
144.4 149.3 154.8 161.5
145.8 150.8 155.9 162.9
146.8 151.9 157.3 163.9
4.3 3.5 3.6 4.2
139.0 144.7 149.6 153.8
140.5 146.1 150.7 154.8
142.0 147.4 151.5 155.9
143.1 148.4 152.6 156.4
4.0 3.7 2.8 2.5
1Excludes farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
297
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Construction 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.2
102.4
4.5
99.1
100.0
101.1
101.7
3.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.1 107.4 110.6 114.9 118.6
104.3 108.5 111.7 116.0 120.2
105.2 109.3 113.1 116.8 121.4
105.6 109.9 113.8 116.5 120.8
3.1 4.1 3.5 2.4 3.7
102.0 105.1 107.2 109.5 112.2
102.9 105.9 107.9 110.4 113.6
103.5 106.3 108.7 111.3 114.6
103.7 106.8 108.9 111.1 114.7
2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
121.1 124.3 127.2 130.6 135.6
122.0 125.3 128.7 132.7 136.9
123.1 125.9 129.7 133.4 137.9
123.4 126.4 129.7 134.3 138.7
2.2 2.4 2.6 3.5 3.3
114.8 118.3 122.0 126.0 130.7
115.7 119.6 123.6 128.1 131.9
116.8 120.4 124.7 128.5 133.0
117.4 120.8 124.9 129.3 133.6
2.4 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
140.8 148.2 154.1 159.1
143.2 150.3 155.2 161.1
145.1 151.7 156.3 162.3
146.7 153.0 157.9 163.3
5.8 4.3 3.2 3.4
136.0 142.1 147.0 150.6
138.0 143.9 148.2 152.4
139.4 145.1 149.0 153.6
140.7 146.3 150.2 154.0
5.3 4.0 2.7 2.5
Manufacturing 98.9
100.0
101.1
102.0
4.5
99.0
100.0
100.9
101.9
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.0 108.6 114.0 118.6 122.5
105.3 110.0 114.7 119.7 123.5
106.4 111.2 115.7 120.6 124.4
107.2 112.2 116.5 121.3 125.1
5.1 4.7 3.8 4.1 3.1
103.3 107.4 111.5 114.7 118.0
104.5 108.4 112.2 115.5 119.0
105.4 109.3 112.9 116.3 120.0
106.2 110.3 113.7 117.3 120.8
4.2 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.2 129.3 132.6 136.4 139.9
126.9 130.4 133.8 137.2 140.9
127.3 131.3 134.6 138.2 142.1
128.3 132.1 135.3 138.9 143.6
2.6 3.0 2.4 2.7 3.4
121.9 125.4 129.1 133.7 137.9
122.9 126.5 130.3 134.6 139.0
123.5 127.7 131.3 136.0 140.2
124.3 128.4 132.2 136.8 141.5
2.9 3.3 3.0 3.5 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.0 151.3 156.6 164.0
147.5 152.6 158.1 165.4
148.7 153.3 159.1 166.5
149.3 154.6 160.5 167.1
4.0 3.5 3.8 4.1
142.9 148.5 153.1 158.0
144.4 150.0 154.5 159.0
145.7 150.7 155.4 159.7
146.5 151.7 156.5 160.1
3.5 3.5 3.2 2.3
Manufacturing, white-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.1
101.9
4.3
99.2
100.0
100.9
101.8
3.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.6 118.7 122.7
105.3 110.2 114.6 119.7 123.9
106.8 111.3 115.5 120.5 124.9
107.4 112.4 116.6 121.3 126.0
5.4 4.7 3.7 4.0 3.9
103.7 107.6 111.9 116.0 119.5
104.7 108.8 112.9 116.9 120.6
105.9 109.8 113.6 117.7 121.7
106.4 110.7 114.6 118.8 122.7
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.4 130.5 133.9 138.2 141.8
128.0 131.6 135.2 139.1 143.0
128.7 132.8 135.8 140.1 144.3
129.5 133.6 136.7 140.5 145.8
2.8 3.2 2.3 2.8 3.8
123.9 127.1 130.6 135.6 140.1
124.7 128.2 131.9 136.8 141.4
125.3 129.6 132.8 138.3 142.7
126.1 130.1 133.6 139.0 144.0
2.8 3.2 2.7 4.0 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.2 154.2 159.1 167.1
150.2 156.0 161.1 168.7
151.4 156.0 162.2 169.5
151.5 156.9 163.3 169.6
3.9 3.6 4.1 3.9
145.8 151.1 154.9 160.1
147.7 152.7 156.6 161.6
148.7 152.8 157.7 162.0
149.2 153.3 158.6 162.1
3.6 2.7 3.5 2.2
Manufacturing, white-collar occupations, excluding sales occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.1
101.9
4.3
99.1
100.0
100.9
101.9
4.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.0 108.3 113.0 118.0 121.3
105.1 109.9 113.8 118.8 122.5
106.4 111.1 115.0 119.5 123.6
107.0 112.2 115.9 119.9 124.9
5.0 4.9 3.3 3.5 4.2
103.4 107.2 111.4 115.3 118.0
104.4 108.6 112.2 115.9 119.1
105.6 109.7 113.0 116.7 120.2
106.2 110.7 114.0 117.2 121.4
4.2 4.2 3.0 2.8 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.1 129.5 132.8 136.5 140.1
126.6 130.5 133.8 137.3 141.3
127.4 131.8 134.5 138.3 142.5
128.3 132.5 135.3 138.7 143.8
2.7 3.3 2.1 2.5 3.7
122.4 126.0 129.3 133.8 138.3
123.2 127.0 130.5 135.0 139.6
123.9 128.4 131.3 136.3 140.8
124.8 128.9 132.2 137.1 142.0
2.8 3.3 2.6 3.7 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.2 152.2 156.7 165.1
148.2 154.0 158.6 166.4
149.3 153.8 159.6 167.4
149.7 154.7 160.7 167.8
4.1 3.3 3.9 4.4
143.7 149.1 152.3 157.7
145.6 150.5 153.9 158.9
146.6 150.5 155.0 159.5
147.5 151.0 155.9 160.0
3.9 2.4 3.2 2.6
1Excludes farm and household workers.
298
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Manufacturing, blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.1
102.1
4.6
98.9
100.0
100.9
102.0
4.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.0 108.5 114.2 118.5 122.3
105.2 109.8 114.8 119.6 123.2
106.2 111.1 115.7 120.5 124.0
107.2 112.0 116.4 121.3 124.5
5.0 4.5 3.9 4.2 2.6
103.1 107.3 111.1 113.9 116.9
104.4 108.2 111.7 114.5 117.8
105.1 109.0 112.4 115.2 118.7
106.1 110.0 113.1 116.2 119.5
4.0 3.7 2.8 2.7 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.3 128.4 131.7 135.0 138.5
126.0 129.5 132.8 135.9 139.4
126.3 130.2 133.7 136.8 140.5
127.5 131.1 134.3 137.7 142.1
2.4 2.8 2.4 2.5 3.2
120.4 124.2 128.0 132.3 136.3
121.6 125.4 129.2 133.1 137.2
122.2 126.3 130.2 134.3 138.4
123.1 127.3 131.2 135.3 139.7
3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.4 149.1 154.6 161.6
145.6 150.0 155.8 162.8
146.7 151.3 156.7 164.1
147.8 152.7 158.3 165.1
4.0 3.3 3.7 4.3
140.8 146.4 151.7 156.3
142.0 147.8 152.8 156.9
143.4 149.1 153.5 157.9
144.6 150.3 154.7 158.5
3.5 3.9 2.9 2.5
Manufacturing, durable goods 99.0
100.0
101.1
102.2
4.6
99.0
100.0
100.7
101.9
4.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.0 108.5 114.1 119.0 122.9
105.1 109.9 114.8 120.0 123.8
106.3 111.2 115.8 121.0 125.1
107.2 112.1 116.7 121.9 125.8
4.9 4.6 4.1 4.5 3.2
103.2 107.3 111.2 114.4 117.8
104.3 108.3 111.8 115.1 118.7
105.3 109.2 112.7 115.9 119.8
106.1 110.2 113.4 117.2 120.8
4.1 3.9 2.9 3.4 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.0 129.7 133.0 136.5 139.9
127.7 131.2 134.1 137.4 141.0
128.2 131.9 135.0 138.5 142.3
129.0 132.6 135.7 139.2 144.0
2.5 2.8 2.3 2.6 3.4
121.9 125.1 129.0 133.4 137.9
122.9 126.5 130.1 134.5 139.1
123.6 127.7 131.2 135.9 140.4
124.3 128.4 131.9 136.9 141.8
2.9 3.3 2.7 3.8 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.5 151.8 156.9 164.4
148.3 153.1 158.3 165.5
149.4 154.0 158.9 166.6
150.1 155.3 160.6 167.3
4.2 3.5 3.4 4.2
143.0 149.0 153.9 158.8
144.7 150.5 155.3 159.7
146.1 151.5 156.0 160.6
147.3 152.6 157.3 160.9
3.9 3.6 3.1 2.3
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 99.2
100.0
101.0
103.6
4.9
99.4
100.0
100.6
102.2
3.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.4 110.2 116.9 124.1 126.2
107.0 111.8 119.0 124.5 127.1
108.5 113.1 120.1 126.7 128.7
108.6 114.8 122.9 125.2 129.2
4.8 5.7 7.1 1.9 3.2
103.2 108.4 113.6 117.9 122.4
104.9 109.8 115.2 118.8 123.3
105.7 110.9 116.0 120.5 124.0
107.0 112.6 117.2 121.6 124.8
4.7 5.2 4.1 3.8 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
130.6 136.9 137.3 137.2 140.5
131.0 138.2 138.4 138.9 142.4
131.5 138.2 137.8 139.3 143.7
133.8 137.4 136.9 140.6 146.9
3.6 2.7 -0.4 2.7 4.5
125.7 129.0 132.0 135.1 139.4
126.5 130.3 133.5 136.9 141.5
127.4 130.6 133.3 137.2 142.7
128.1 130.9 134.0 138.3 143.6
2.6 2.2 2.4 3.2 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
151.2 159.8 167.5 183.2
154.3 160.4 168.9 183.7
156.0 160.3 168.8 184.4
155.3 163.4 172.3 182.1
5.7 5.2 5.4 5.7
146.3 154.3 161.4 166.0
148.6 155.1 162.5 166.9
150.0 156.6 162.5 167.4
151.6 158.3 163.1 167.7
5.6 4.4 3.0 2.8
99.1
100.0
100.8
102.8
4.0
99.3
100.0
100.4
101.5
2.8
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721), white-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.6 108.1 114.2 120.5 122.7
105.9 109.7 116.3 121.2 123.8
107.2 110.5 117.0 123.2 125.3
106.8 112.0 119.0 121.8 125.3
3.9 4.9 6.3 2.4 2.9
102.3 106.0 110.0 113.9 118.1
103.8 107.4 111.6 115.2 119.1
104.2 107.9 112.2 116.7 119.8
105.0 108.9 113.1 117.3 120.2
3.4 3.7 3.9 3.7 2.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.7 132.4 133.5 134.7 137.3
127.2 133.9 134.9 137.1 139.5
127.8 133.8 134.6 137.4 139.8
129.0 133.7 134.3 137.4 141.7
3.0 3.6 0.4 2.3 3.1
121.0 124.1 127.8 131.2 135.5
121.6 125.9 129.6 133.7 138.0
122.7 126.1 129.3 133.9 138.3
123.2 126.5 129.8 134.5 139.1
2.5 2.7 2.6 3.6 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.6 157.3 163.3 177.9
150.7 157.3 164.2 177.3
151.8 156.3 163.7 177.5
151.2 159.0 165.3 177.0
6.7 5.2 4.0 7.1
142.1 149.8 155.9 160.4
145.2 150.1 156.4 160.2
146.0 150.9 155.9 160.3
146.2 152.2 156.2 160.6
5.1 4.1 2.6 2.8
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
299
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721), blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.5
100.0
101.4
104.7
5.9
99.6
100.0
100.9
103.3
4.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.6 113.2 120.8 129.2 130.9
108.6 114.7 122.8 129.2 131.5
110.1 116.7 124.2 131.5 133.2
110.9 118.8 128.2 129.8 134.2
5.9 7.1 7.9 1.2 3.4
104.6 112.0 119.0 123.9 128.7
106.7 113.5 120.5 124.1 129.4
107.8 115.4 121.5 126.1 130.2
110.0 118.0 123.3 127.9 131.7
6.5 7.3 4.5 3.7 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
135.7 143.3 142.3 139.6 144.3
136.1 144.1 142.8 140.1 145.7
136.3 144.4 141.8 140.8 149.0
140.5 142.3 139.6 144.4 154.4
4.7 1.3 -1.9 3.4 6.9
132.7 136.1 137.7 140.1 144.5
133.6 136.4 138.8 140.5 145.5
134.1 137.0 138.4 141.0 148.9
135.1 137.1 139.6 143.2 149.9
2.6 1.5 1.8 2.6 4.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
157.8 161.9 172.6 189.8
158.5 163.6 174.8 192.3
161.4 165.3 175.4 193.9
160.4 169.1 182.3 188.4
3.9 5.4 7.8 3.3
151.8 160.3 169.0 173.6
152.1 162.1 171.4 176.5
155.1 164.9 172.2 177.8
159.3 167.4 173.2 178.2
6.3 5.1 3.5 2.9
Manufacturing, nondurable goods 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.2
101.9
4.5
99.0
100.0
101.1
101.8
3.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.8 117.9 121.7
105.5 110.1 114.7 119.0 122.8
106.6 111.2 115.4 119.7 123.2
107.4 112.3 116.3 120.3 123.8
5.4 4.6 3.6 3.4 2.9
103.6 107.6 111.8 115.5 118.3
104.8 108.6 112.8 116.3 119.5
105.7 109.4 113.2 116.9 120.3
106.3 110.6 114.3 117.5 120.8
4.4 4.0 3.3 2.8 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.7 128.3 131.7 135.9 139.6
125.4 128.9 133.0 136.7 140.4
125.7 130.0 133.7 137.6 141.5
127.0 131.0 134.5 138.2 142.8
2.6 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.3
121.9 125.8 129.3 134.2 138.0
122.9 126.5 130.6 134.9 138.7
123.3 127.6 131.4 136.0 139.7
124.4 128.5 132.6 136.8 140.9
3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.9 150.4 156.0 163.1
146.0 151.6 157.5 164.9
147.5 152.0 159.2 166.0
147.7 153.2 160.3 166.6
3.4 3.7 4.6 3.9
142.7 147.5 151.9 156.6
143.9 149.0 153.1 157.8
145.0 149.3 154.4 158.3
145.4 150.2 155.2 158.7
3.2 3.3 3.3 2.3
Service-producing industries 3 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.3
102.3
5.1
99.1
100.0
101.4
102.2
4.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.8 108.5 112.8 116.4 120.4
105.2 109.8 113.6 117.3 121.2
106.2 111.0 114.4 118.5 122.3
107.0 111.6 115.2 119.3 122.8
4.6 4.3 3.2 3.6 2.9
103.3 107.5 111.1 113.9 117.3
104.6 108.7 111.7 114.7 118.2
105.7 109.7 112.3 115.9 119.2
106.3 110.2 113.0 116.6 119.7
4.0 3.7 2.5 3.2 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.9 127.6 131.6 136.7 140.9
124.9 128.6 132.5 137.8 142.8
125.8 129.5 133.8 139.6 144.1
126.2 130.2 135.3 140.5 145.3
2.8 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.4
120.7 124.7 129.0 134.4 138.9
121.6 125.8 130.1 135.6 140.8
122.6 126.7 131.5 137.6 142.1
123.2 127.5 133.1 138.4 143.3
2.9 3.5 4.4 4.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.4 153.8 159.9 165.6
149.1 155.3 161.8 167.0
150.6 156.9 162.7 168.8
151.7 158.2 163.1 169.7
4.4 4.3 3.1 4.0
145.0 150.5 156.1 160.6
146.5 151.9 157.7 161.7
147.9 153.2 158.4 163.3
148.9 154.5 158.6 163.9
3.9 3.8 2.7 3.3
Service-producing industries, excluding sales occupations 98.9
100.0
101.2
102.1
4.7
99.2
100.0
101.2
101.8
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.7 113.2 117.3 121.4
105.1 109.9 114.0 118.3 122.1
106.4 111.3 115.1 119.3 123.3
107.3 112.1 115.9 120.2 123.8
5.1 4.5 3.4 3.7 3.0
103.4 107.7 111.5 114.8 118.3
104.5 108.7 112.2 115.6 119.0
105.8 110.0 113.0 116.6 120.2
106.6 110.7 113.7 117.4 120.7
4.7 3.8 2.7 3.3 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.0 128.4 132.2 137.4 141.7
125.8 129.2 133.3 138.5 143.3
126.6 130.3 134.5 140.0 144.6
127.2 130.9 136.1 140.6 145.9
2.7 2.9 4.0 3.3 3.8
121.8 125.6 129.7 135.2 139.8
122.5 126.5 130.9 136.2 141.4
123.4 127.6 132.3 137.9 142.6
124.2 128.3 133.9 138.5 143.8
2.9 3.3 4.4 3.4 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.7 154.6 160.9 166.6
149.4 156.0 162.4 168.0
151.1 157.8 163.5 169.7
152.2 159.0 164.0 170.6
4.3 4.5 3.1 4.0
145.3 151.3 157.2 161.7
146.9 152.6 158.5 162.8
148.3 154.2 159.3 164.2
149.4 155.5 159.6 165.0
3.9 4.1 2.6 3.4
1Excludes farm and household workers. 3Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
300
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Transportation and public utilities 98.7
100.0
100.7
101.2
3.8
99.5
100.0
100.7
101.2
2.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.0 106.0 111.1 114.8 119.2
103.3 107.7 111.9 116.0 119.8
104.2 109.0 112.9 116.8 121.4
105.1 109.7 113.5 117.5 122.1
3.9 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.9
102.6 105.4 109.7 112.9 116.4
103.2 106.6 110.6 114.0 117.2
104.1 107.7 111.2 114.7 118.9
104.6 108.4 111.8 115.4 119.6
3.4 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.0 127.9 131.3 135.8 139.7
124.7 128.4 131.7 137.1 140.9
126.0 129.3 132.9 138.5 141.8
126.6 130.4 134.2 139.3 142.3
3.7 3.0 2.9 3.8 2.2
121.2 124.6 128.2 132.1 135.4
122.0 125.0 128.8 132.8 136.8
122.9 125.9 130.1 134.3 137.5
123.7 127.0 131.3 135.1 137.9
3.4 2.7 3.4 2.9 2.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
143.9 150.5 157.3 163.2
145.7 152.4 158.9 165.4
147.4 153.5 160.8 166.5
148.3 155.5 161.7 167.0
4.2 4.9 4.0 3.3
138.5 143.7 150.5 154.8
140.0 145.7 152.1 155.6
141.3 146.7 153.4 156.0
142.3 149.2 154.1 156.5
3.2 4.8 3.3 1.6
Transportation 98.8
100.0
100.5
100.8
3.6
99.4
100.0
100.6
100.7
2.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
102.8 105.2 109.9 112.8 117.1
103.0 106.8 110.5 114.1 117.7
103.8 107.8 111.7 114.8 119.7
104.6 108.6 111.8 115.7 120.3
3.8 3.8 2.9 3.5 4.0
102.3 104.3 108.3 110.8 114.2
102.3 105.5 109.2 112.0 114.8
103.3 106.6 109.8 112.6 116.7
103.5 107.0 109.9 113.4 117.5
2.8 3.4 2.7 3.2 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
122.3 126.9 130.6 134.0 136.8
123.0 127.7 130.9 134.9 138.1
124.7 128.2 132.1 136.7 138.7
125.1 129.2 133.4 137.3 139.5
4.0 3.3 3.3 2.9 1.6
119.0 122.9 126.5 130.1 132.3
119.8 123.2 126.9 130.4 133.7
121.0 123.8 128.5 132.4 134.4
121.6 124.7 129.5 132.9 134.9
3.5 2.5 3.8 2.6 1.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
140.4 145.4 152.5 157.8
141.8 146.9 153.9 158.9
142.8 148.2 155.4 159.4
143.9 151.1 156.1 159.6
3.2 5.0 3.3 2.2
134.9 139.8 147.4 150.5
136.2 141.6 148.6 150.6
137.4 142.6 149.6 150.4
138.6 145.7 150.1 150.8
2.7 5.1 3.0 0.5
Public utilities 98.8
100.0
101.0
101.7
4.1
99.5
100.0
101.1
101.8
3.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.2 107.0 112.6 117.4 121.7
103.8 108.8 113.7 118.3 122.6
104.8 110.4 114.4 119.2 123.6
105.7 111.2 115.6 119.9 124.4
3.9 5.2 4.0 3.7 3.8
103.0 106.9 111.4 115.4 119.1
104.1 108.0 112.4 116.4 120.1
105.0 109.0 113.0 117.2 121.4
106.0 110.0 114.1 117.9 122.3
4.1 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.1 128.9 132.0 137.9 143.4
126.8 129.1 132.5 139.7 144.6
127.5 130.4 133.7 140.7 145.7
128.5 131.7 135.1 141.9 146.1
3.3 2.5 2.6 5.0 3.0
123.9 126.5 130.1 134.5 139.2
124.5 127.1 130.9 135.7 140.6
125.2 128.4 132.0 136.5 141.5
126.1 129.8 133.5 137.8 141.8
3.1 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.6 157.3 163.9 170.5
150.9 159.8 165.5 174.2
153.5 160.7 168.2 176.4
154.1 161.5 169.2 177.0
5.5 4.8 4.8 4.6
143.2 148.7 154.3 160.4
144.9 151.0 156.4 162.1
146.4 152.0 158.2 163.4
147.1 153.6 159.3 164.1
3.7 4.4 3.7 3.0
Communications 98.5
100.0
101.0
101.6
4.2
99.9
100.0
101.1
101.8
2.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.1 106.0 111.8 116.5 121.0
103.1 108.0 112.7 117.5 122.1
104.2 109.9 113.4 118.5 122.9
105.2 110.7 114.7 119.2 124.0
3.5 5.2 3.6 3.9 4.0
103.1 106.5 110.8 114.7 118.4
104.1 107.6 111.7 115.6 119.5
105.0 108.5 112.2 116.5 121.0
106.1 109.6 113.5 117.1 122.1
4.2 3.3 3.6 3.2 4.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.3 128.0 130.2 136.6 143.3
126.6 127.5 130.5 139.2 144.9
127.4 129.1 131.8 140.5 146.1
128.3 131.1 134.0 141.7 146.0
3.5 2.2 2.2 5.7 3.0
124.3 126.1 129.8 134.4 139.4
124.6 126.5 130.6 135.8 141.1
125.3 128.2 131.8 136.7 141.9
126.2 130.3 134.0 138.0 142.2
3.4 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.4 158.3 166.0 171.3
150.9 161.1 166.1 175.5
153.9 162.8 169.0 178.4
154.7 163.4 170.1 179.0
6.0 5.6 4.1 5.2
143.4 149.2 155.3 161.9
145.0 151.8 157.1 163.4
146.7 153.3 159.6 165.4
147.4 155.2 160.7 165.9
3.7 5.3 3.5 3.2
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
301
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1989 ................................................................................................
99.2
100.0
101.0
101.7
3.8
99.0
100.0
101.0
101.7
3.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.2 108.3 113.7 118.6 122.7
104.6 109.8 115.0 119.4 123.2
105.5 111.0 115.9 120.2 124.4
106.2 111.7 116.7 120.8 124.8
4.4 5.2 4.5 3.5 3.3
103.0 107.3 112.2 116.3 119.9
104.2 108.6 113.3 117.4 120.9
105.0 109.5 114.2 118.2 121.9
105.7 110.5 114.8 118.8 122.4
3.9 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.9 130.1 134.2 139.6 143.4
127.0 131.1 134.9 140.3 144.2
127.7 132.0 136.0 141.0 145.1
128.7 132.4 136.4 142.1 146.1
3.1 2.9 3.0 4.2 2.8
123.4 127.0 130.4 134.7 138.9
124.4 127.7 131.2 135.6 140.0
125.2 128.5 132.2 136.3 140.9
125.9 129.0 132.9 137.4 141.3
2.9 2.5 3.0 3.4 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.9 156.0 161.3 169.5
151.0 158.1 164.8 172.6
152.9 158.1 167.2 173.8
153.4 159.1 168.1 174.6
5.0 3.7 5.7 3.9
143.0 148.1 153.0 158.6
144.7 149.9 155.5 160.4
145.9 150.4 156.5 161.0
146.6 151.7 157.4 161.8
3.8 3.5 3.8 2.8
Wholesale and retail trade 98.9
100.0
101.6
102.6
5.1
99.1
100.0
101.6
102.7
4.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.5 107.4 111.4 114.7 117.6
105.0 109.2 112.5 115.9 119.4
105.6 110.3 113.0 116.4 120.5
106.2 110.7 113.7 117.1 120.6
3.5 4.2 2.7 3.0 3.0
103.3 106.6 109.9 113.0 115.5
104.6 108.4 111.2 114.2 117.4
105.1 109.4 111.5 114.7 118.3
105.6 109.6 112.3 115.4 118.4
2.8 3.8 2.5 2.8 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
121.7 125.5 130.1 134.7 138.9
122.8 126.4 131.2 135.8 141.1
123.8 127.5 132.4 137.6 142.2
124.2 128.6 132.9 138.2 143.5
3.0 3.5 3.3 4.0 3.8
119.4 123.9 128.5 133.3 137.7
120.6 124.8 129.7 134.6 139.6
121.6 125.8 130.9 136.6 140.7
122.3 127.0 131.6 137.0 142.0
3.3 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.6 151.0 156.5 161.3
147.3 152.6 159.5 162.5
148.3 153.7 159.6 164.3
149.4 155.5 159.7 165.0
4.1 4.1 2.7 3.3
143.8 148.4 153.0 156.7
145.5 150.1 155.7 157.5
146.4 150.6 155.5 159.2
147.4 152.1 155.5 159.5
3.8 3.2 2.2 2.6
Wholesale and retail trade, excluding sales occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.2
100.0
101.3
102.0
3.9
99.4
100.0
101.1
101.9
3.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.0 107.7 111.5 115.4 118.6
104.5 109.1 112.7 116.2 119.8
105.4 110.1 113.5 117.0 120.9
106.1 110.8 114.1 118.0 120.9
4.0 4.4 3.0 3.4 2.5
102.6 106.8 110.1 113.6 116.5
104.2 108.3 111.4 114.4 117.8
104.9 109.2 112.1 115.2 118.7
105.5 109.6 112.6 116.1 118.8
3.5 3.9 2.7 3.1 2.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
122.4 125.9 130.4 135.5 139.9
123.1 126.4 131.9 136.3 141.9
124.1 128.0 133.0 138.1 142.8
125.0 129.0 134.0 138.8 144.3
3.4 3.2 3.9 3.6 4.0
120.2 124.4 129.3 134.7 139.5
120.9 124.9 131.1 135.6 141.1
121.9 126.5 132.2 137.6 141.8
123.2 127.7 133.2 138.2 143.3
3.7 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.4 152.6 157.5 161.8
148.1 153.9 160.0 162.7
149.6 155.4 160.3 165.0
150.6 157.1 160.4 165.9
4.4 4.3 2.1 3.4
145.2 150.7 154.8 157.9
146.8 151.9 157.1 158.7
148.2 153.1 157.1 160.7
149.0 154.6 157.0 161.3
4.0 3.8 1.6 2.7
Wholesale trade 98.5
100.0
102.6
104.5
8.7
99.0
100.0
102.8
105.2
9.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.8 107.8 112.5 115.3 117.9
105.4 109.6 113.5 116.4 119.7
105.8 110.7 113.2 116.6 120.6
106.5 111.1 114.4 117.8 121.5
1.9 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.1
104.6 107.3 111.4 113.9 116.2
105.2 109.2 112.5 115.1 118.3
105.5 110.4 111.9 115.1 118.9
106.2 110.3 113.5 116.4 119.9
1.0 3.9 2.9 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.2 127.5 132.9 137.7 142.7
124.8 129.3 133.8 138.6 144.6
126.1 129.9 134.6 140.8 146.3
127.0 130.9 135.1 142.8 148.5
4.5 3.1 3.2 5.7 4.0
120.9 126.1 131.4 136.2 140.7
122.7 128.0 132.2 137.1 142.3
123.9 128.5 133.0 139.3 144.3
125.5 129.6 133.6 141.3 146.5
4.7 3.3 3.1 5.8 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
150.0 155.1 161.9 169.5
151.8 157.8 166.3 171.3
152.1 158.6 165.9 172.0
154.4 159.5 166.7 172.0
4.0 3.3 4.5 3.2
147.4 151.6 157.2 163.4
149.4 154.5 161.3 164.7
149.6 154.1 160.4 164.8
151.6 154.8 161.0 165.3
3.5 2.1 4.0 2.7
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
302
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Finance, insurance, and real estate 98.3
100.0
100.4
101.4
5.4
98.3
100.0
100.6
101.3
5.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
102.6 108.3 111.7 112.6 117.7
104.4 109.5 110.8 113.1 117.7
105.4 109.7 111.1 115.7 118.5
105.5 110.0 111.3 116.4 118.9
4.0 4.3 1.2 4.6 2.1
101.8 107.0 109.5 109.3 113.7
103.5 108.1 108.2 109.3 113.2
104.9 108.0 108.2 112.3 113.8
104.8 108.4 108.3 112.9 114.2
3.5 3.4 -0.1 4.2 1.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
120.2 124.5 128.6 136.7 141.5
121.8 126.3 129.4 138.4 145.8
122.7 126.7 130.5 141.0 147.6
123.1 126.0 134.5 142.5 148.3
3.5 2.4 6.7 5.9 4.1
115.0 119.8 124.5 132.6 137.2
117.0 121.9 125.3 134.8 142.4
118.0 122.2 126.4 138.1 144.5
118.4 122.2 130.6 139.8 145.2
3.7 3.2 6.9 7.0 3.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
152.0 157.9 165.2 176.7
153.1 159.5 167.3 178.3
155.2 160.9 168.0 180.2
155.7 161.3 168.5 180.9
5.0 3.6 4.5 7.4
148.7 153.9 160.3 171.1
149.5 154.6 162.0 172.4
151.7 155.8 162.4 174.1
151.7 156.0 162.6 174.5
4.5 2.8 4.2 7.3
Finance, insurance and real estate, excluding sales occupations 98.5
100.0
100.1
101.0
4.0
98.4
100.0
100.2
100.9
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.5 108.6 112.5 114.9 119.7
104.7 109.5 112.2 116.4 120.3
106.3 110.6 112.5 117.5 121.5
106.7 111.4 113.0 118.2 121.8
5.6 4.4 1.4 4.6 3.0
103.0 107.6 110.6 112.0 115.5
103.9 108.4 109.9 113.1 116.0
105.8 109.5 109.9 114.0 117.2
106.1 110.4 110.2 114.6 117.4
5.2 4.1 -0.2 4.0 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.7 127.5 131.5 140.2 145.6
124.6 128.5 132.4 141.3 148.8
125.4 129.7 133.5 143.2 151.0
125.7 129.2 137.6 143.3 151.6
3.2 2.8 6.5 4.1 5.8
119.3 123.4 127.2 135.9 141.0
120.2 124.5 128.1 137.5 144.8
121.1 126.0 129.3 139.7 147.5
121.3 125.3 133.6 139.6 148.0
3.3 3.3 6.6 4.5 6.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
154.2 161.2 169.8 182.0
155.5 163.1 171.3 184.0
157.4 164.7 172.1 185.3
158.4 165.0 173.1 186.1
4.5 4.2 4.9 7.5
150.2 156.6 164.5 176.7
151.5 157.6 165.7 178.5
153.3 159.1 166.1 179.2
154.1 159.1 167.3 179.8
4.1 3.2 5.2 7.5
Banking, savings and loan, and other credit agencies 98.8
100.0
100.6
100.7
3.0
98.8
100.0
101.1
100.9
3.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
102.1 107.4 110.2 114.6 118.7
104.1 107.0 110.0 116.0 119.4
104.4 107.5 111.0 116.9 120.8
105.8 107.4 111.4 117.8 120.5
5.1 1.5 3.7 5.7 2.3
101.6 106.6 108.2 112.1 114.7
103.6 105.9 107.7 112.9 115.0
103.9 106.4 108.6 113.7 116.5
105.4 106.3 109.0 114.5 116.2
4.5 0.9 2.5 5.0 1.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.5 126.9 130.6 143.3 148.8
124.1 128.2 131.6 145.3 155.4
124.8 130.3 133.1 148.4 159.3
124.4 128.0 140.6 146.7 159.8
3.2 2.9 9.8 4.3 8.9
119.2 122.7 125.9 140.9 146.1
119.7 124.2 126.8 143.2 154.5
120.4 126.8 128.9 147.0 159.2
120.1 123.8 138.3 144.4 159.6
3.4 3.1 11.7 4.4 10.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
162.7 170.8 182.1 204.3
164.2 172.7 184.2 206.3
165.8 175.4 184.6 207.6
166.5 174.3 185.3 209.0
4.2 4.7 6.3 12.8
162.0 169.4 181.2 206.4
163.3 170.8 182.8 208.7
165.0 173.2 182.7 209.1
165.7 171.7 183.9 210.2
3.8 3.6 7.1 14.3
Insurance 98.3
100.0
99.9
101.0
4.1
98.5
100.0
99.6
100.8
3.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.2 107.4 113.2 114.3 119.9
105.2 109.5 114.7 116.1 120.5
106.5 109.5 114.9 117.4 121.5
106.0 110.7 115.2 119.7 122.3
5.0 4.4 4.1 3.9 2.2
102.3 105.7 111.2 111.2 116.0
104.1 107.8 112.7 112.9 116.8
105.8 107.5 112.7 113.9 117.7
105.1 108.6 112.7 116.6 118.6
4.3 3.3 3.8 3.5 1.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.5 127.6 131.9 137.4 141.7
124.6 128.2 132.1 138.9 144.0
124.9 129.3 133.1 141.9 144.5
125.9 129.6 134.8 141.7 145.8
2.9 2.9 4.0 5.1 2.9
119.8 123.6 127.9 133.1 137.4
120.8 124.1 128.0 134.8 139.8
121.1 125.4 128.7 138.7 140.2
122.2 126.0 130.2 138.5 141.5
3.0 3.1 3.3 6.4 2.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.9 157.6 164.0 172.1
151.3 159.3 166.1 173.9
154.8 159.9 167.1 175.1
155.2 161.3 167.9 176.2
6.4 3.9 4.1 4.9
145.5 152.4 157.1 161.6
146.6 153.3 158.6 163.0
150.7 153.6 159.6 163.9
150.8 155.0 159.1 164.5
6.6 2.8 2.6 3.4
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
303
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Insurance, excluding sales occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.6
100.0
101.0
101.8
4.6
98.5
100.0
100.9
101.5
4.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.5 108.7 113.9 118.6 124.4
106.1 110.3 115.7 120.6 125.0
106.8 111.4 116.1 121.8 126.0
107.6 112.5 117.2 122.7 126.5
5.7 4.6 4.2 4.7 3.1
103.8 107.1 111.7 115.8 120.6
105.2 108.7 113.4 117.6 121.4
105.9 109.4 113.8 118.3 122.3
106.5 110.5 114.9 119.2 122.7
4.9 3.8 4.0 3.7 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.6 132.1 136.0 140.0 144.5
129.0 132.7 136.6 140.9 145.4
129.6 133.4 137.4 141.6 146.2
130.2 133.5 138.6 142.5 147.0
2.9 2.5 3.8 2.8 3.2
123.8 128.0 131.6 134.7 139.1
125.2 128.6 132.2 135.7 139.9
125.7 129.3 132.9 136.6 140.9
126.3 129.7 133.7 137.9 141.6
2.9 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.4 155.6 163.0 169.6
150.5 157.6 164.3 171.7
152.2 158.0 165.1 172.8
153.1 159.4 165.7 173.7
4.1 4.1 4.0 4.8
143.2 148.3 154.3 157.9
144.1 149.6 155.1 159.6
145.7 149.8 155.9 160.4
146.5 151.2 155.9 160.7
3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1
Service industries 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.8
102.9
5.5
99.1
100.0
101.6
102.5
4.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.0 110.8 115.3 120.1 124.4
106.5 111.5 116.4 120.9 124.9
108.1 113.1 117.8 122.3 125.9
109.3 114.0 118.9 123.1 126.6
6.2 4.3 4.3 3.5 2.8
104.2 109.5 113.2 117.0 120.8
105.7 110.0 114.0 117.6 121.3
107.1 111.5 115.2 118.9 122.2
108.3 112.2 116.1 119.6 123.0
5.7 3.6 3.5 3.0 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.5 130.7 134.6 139.3 143.5
128.2 131.7 135.7 140.3 144.6
128.9 132.7 137.0 141.8 146.1
129.4 133.4 138.5 142.7 147.6
2.2 3.1 3.8 3.0 3.4
123.9 127.6 131.8 137.2 142.2
124.4 128.7 133.0 138.3 143.2
125.3 129.7 134.7 140.0 144.5
126.0 130.5 136.2 140.8 146.0
2.4 3.6 4.4 3.4 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.4 156.5 162.6 167.1
151.2 157.8 163.7 168.4
152.9 160.0 164.9 170.4
154.1 161.0 165.4 171.4
4.4 4.5 2.7 3.6
147.4 153.8 159.5 162.8
149.1 155.0 160.3 164.0
150.6 157.1 161.5 165.9
151.8 158.2 161.7 166.7
4.0 4.2 2.2 3.1
Business services 1989 ................................................................................................
98.1
100.0
100.7
101.3
4.2
98.4
100.0
100.9
101.2
3.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.6 110.3 112.5 116.5 121.3
105.3 110.4 113.6 117.4 122.1
106.3 110.0 115.2 118.1 122.4
107.4 111.1 115.9 118.6 123.0
6.0 3.4 4.3 2.3 3.7
103.0 109.6 111.0 114.2 118.8
105.1 109.5 111.7 114.6 119.4
105.7 108.9 113.3 115.3 119.9
107.4 110.0 113.9 115.7 120.4
6.1 2.4 3.5 1.6 4.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.5 128.9 133.3 139.5 147.5
125.3 129.2 134.2 140.7 148.7
125.7 130.2 136.3 143.5 150.7
126.3 131.8 138.6 145.9 151.9
2.7 4.4 5.2 5.3 4.1
122.1 126.9 131.4 137.6 145.4
122.9 127.7 132.4 139.2 146.3
123.6 128.5 134.9 141.8 148.5
124.3 130.1 137.3 144.1 149.8
3.2 4.7 5.5 5.0 4.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
154.2 160.5 166.3 168.5
156.3 163.0 166.6 169.2
157.5 165.2 167.2 171.9
158.4 166.2 167.5 172.6
4.3 4.9 0.8 3.0
152.0 158.2 164.0 165.6
154.1 160.8 164.0 166.4
155.3 162.8 164.6 169.1
156.0 163.7 164.8 169.8
4.1 4.9 0.7 3.0
Health services 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
101.9
103.7
6.9
99.1
100.0
101.9
103.5
6.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.8 112.6 117.9 123.0 126.7
107.1 113.5 118.9 124.0 127.1
109.0 115.3 120.6 125.0 127.9
110.8 116.5 121.8 126.0 128.7
6.8 5.1 4.5 3.4 2.1
105.3 111.1 115.6 119.8 123.1
106.3 111.9 116.3 120.7 123.5
108.1 113.5 117.9 121.7 124.3
109.7 114.6 118.9 122.6 125.4
6.0 4.5 3.8 3.1 2.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
129.7 132.6 135.5 138.2 140.5
130.3 133.5 135.9 138.7 141.4
131.3 134.2 137.0 139.0 142.6
132.2 134.5 138.1 139.0 144.2
2.7 1.7 2.7 0.7 3.7
126.2 129.3 132.5 136.2 138.7
126.7 130.1 133.2 136.5 139.6
127.5 130.8 134.3 137.5 140.6
128.4 131.4 135.4 137.4 142.2
2.4 2.3 3.0 1.5 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.8 152.7 160.6 166.5
147.5 154.7 162.0 167.9
149.0 156.8 163.2 169.4
150.6 158.4 164.4 170.8
4.4 5.2 3.8 3.9
143.5 149.8 157.3 161.9
145.3 151.8 158.4 163.2
146.6 153.6 159.5 164.6
148.1 155.4 160.7 165.8
4.1 4.9 3.4 3.2
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
304
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Hospitals 98.8
100.0
101.9
103.5
7.1
98.9
100.0
101.9
103.3
6.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.4 112.2 117.7 122.7 126.7
106.6 113.2 118.5 123.4 127.1
108.9 114.9 120.2 124.5 127.7
110.7 116.1 121.6 125.6 128.6
7.0 4.9 4.7 3.3 2.4
105.0 110.8 115.4 119.3 122.8
106.0 111.6 115.9 119.9 123.3
108.2 113.2 117.3 121.0 123.9
109.8 114.4 118.3 122.0 124.8
6.3 4.2 3.4 3.1 2.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
128.9 132.2 134.0 136.7 141.2
129.7 132.8 134.4 138.2 142.1
130.3 133.4 135.4 139.1 143.0
131.3 133.7 136.5 139.9 144.6
2.1 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.4
125.4 128.5 130.7 133.6 137.6
125.9 129.1 131.2 134.7 138.3
126.6 129.7 132.2 135.8 139.3
127.7 130.3 133.2 136.5 140.9
2.3 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.8 153.5 162.8 170.8
147.5 155.9 164.5 171.9
149.2 158.4 166.2 173.9
151.1 160.3 168.1 175.9
4.5 6.1 4.9 4.6
141.8 148.5 157.1 163.6
143.3 151.0 158.6 164.6
144.9 153.3 160.2 166.5
146.8 155.4 162.1 167.9
4.2 5.9 4.3 3.6
1993 ................................................................................................ 1994 ................................................................................................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
3.9 3.3
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
3.7 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3.4 2.6 2.6 3.2 4.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3.3 2.8 3.1 3.7 4.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
6.1 5.1 4.0 3.4
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
5.8 5.1 4.1 2.8
Nursing homes
Educational services 99.1
100.0
103.9
104.2
6.0
99.1
100.0
103.7
103.9
5.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.4 111.9 115.8 120.5 124.5
105.9 111.5 116.3 120.6 125.4
110.2 114.9 119.3 123.8 128.2
111.4 115.7 120.0 124.1 128.4
6.9 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.5
104.7 110.3 113.4 117.5 121.2
105.0 109.7 113.6 117.4 122.2
109.2 113.0 116.5 120.7 124.9
110.2 113.7 117.1 120.9 125.1
6.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
128.8 134.4 138.5 143.4 148.3
130.3 134.8 138.8 143.9 148.7
133.2 137.5 141.6 147.0 152.2
133.7 138.0 142.6 147.7 153.0
4.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.6
125.6 130.1 134.5 139.1 143.9
125.9 130.4 134.8 139.6 144.2
128.6 133.3 137.8 142.8 147.5
129.4 133.8 138.4 143.5 148.2
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
154.0 162.3 168.5 176.3
154.9 162.6 169.0 177.1
158.8 166.4 173.5 180.2
159.9 167.6 175.2 181.3
4.5 4.8 4.5 3.5
148.9 155.4 161.2 167.1
149.6 156.1 161.2 167.7
153.4 159.6 165.2 170.3
154.3 160.6 166.5 171.0
4.1 4.1 3.7 2.7
Colleges and universities 99.0
100.0
103.3
103.8
5.7
99.1
100.0
103.3
103.7
5.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.2 111.3 116.8 121.5 125.7
105.7 112.0 117.4 121.5 126.0
109.8 115.5 120.3 125.0 128.5
110.6 116.3 120.8 125.3 128.8
6.6 5.2 3.9 3.7 2.8
104.4 109.6 114.2 118.0 122.0
104.8 110.2 114.5 117.7 122.2
108.7 113.7 117.3 121.3 124.5
109.3 114.2 117.6 121.6 124.9
5.4 4.5 3.0 3.4 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
129.3 135.9 139.5 144.3 149.2
131.3 136.2 139.9 144.8 149.6
134.6 138.6 142.5 147.8 152.6
135.2 139.1 143.7 148.5 153.3
5.0 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.2
125.5 130.6 134.6 139.1 144.1
125.9 130.9 135.0 139.7 144.4
129.0 133.4 137.8 142.8 147.2
130.1 133.8 138.7 143.6 147.9
4.2 2.8 3.7 3.5 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
154.6 162.2 168.1 174.5
155.5 162.6 168.4 175.4
158.6 166.2 172.0 178.4
159.2 167.5 173.7 179.4
3.8 5.2 3.7 3.3
148.9 154.1 159.9 164.4
149.4 155.0 159.9 165.1
152.5 158.4 163.1 167.6
152.9 159.6 164.3 168.4
3.4 4.4 2.9 2.5
1Excludes
farm and household workers. . . . = Not available.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
305
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Nonmanufacturing industries 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.3
102.3
4.9
99.1
100.0
101.4
102.2
4.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.8 108.5 112.7 116.3 120.3
105.1 109.7 113.5 117.2 121.2
106.2 110.9 114.4 118.4 122.3
106.9 111.5 115.1 119.0 122.6
4.5 4.3 3.2 3.4 3.0
103.2 107.3 110.7 113.4 116.8
104.5 108.4 111.3 114.2 117.7
105.4 109.3 111.9 115.4 118.7
106.1 109.8 112.6 116.0 119.1
3.8 3.5 2.6 3.0 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.7 127.2 131.1 136.0 140.3
124.6 128.2 132.1 137.2 142.0
125.5 129.1 133.3 138.9 143.4
125.9 129.8 134.7 139.7 144.5
2.7 3.1 3.8 3.7 3.4
120.0 123.9 128.2 133.4 137.9
120.9 125.1 129.3 134.7 139.7
121.9 125.9 130.7 136.5 141.0
122.5 126.8 132.1 137.4 142.1
2.9 3.5 4.2 4.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.7 153.1 159.3 164.9
148.4 154.7 161.1 166.4
150.0 156.3 162.0 168.1
151.1 157.6 162.5 169.0
4.6 4.3 3.1 4.0
143.9 149.5 155.0 159.4
145.5 150.9 156.5 160.5
146.9 152.2 157.2 162.1
147.9 153.5 157.5 162.6
4.1 3.8 2.6 3.2
Nonmanufacturing, white-collar occupations 98.8
100.0
101.4
102.6
5.6
99.1
100.0
101.5
102.5
5.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.1 109.1 113.4 117.0 121.1
105.5 110.4 114.1 117.9 122.1
106.7 111.5 114.9 119.0 123.1
107.4 112.1 115.7 119.9 123.5
4.7 4.4 3.2 3.6 3.0
103.6 108.0 111.6 114.4 117.9
105.0 109.2 112.1 115.2 118.9
106.1 110.2 112.8 116.4 119.7
106.7 110.6 113.5 117.2 120.2
4.1 3.7 2.6 3.3 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.7 128.5 132.7 137.9 142.3
125.6 129.5 133.6 139.2 144.1
126.5 130.5 134.9 141.1 145.6
127.0 131.1 136.5 142.0 146.9
2.8 3.2 4.1 4.0 3.5
121.1 125.4 129.9 135.5 140.1
122.1 126.6 131.0 136.8 142.0
123.1 127.6 132.4 138.9 143.5
123.8 128.3 134.1 139.8 144.7
3.0 3.6 4.5 4.3 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.2 155.8 162.2 168.0
151.0 157.5 164.1 169.3
152.6 159.0 164.8 171.2
153.7 160.5 165.3 172.1
4.6 4.4 3.0 4.1
146.5 152.3 158.0 162.8
148.2 153.8 159.6 163.9
149.6 155.0 160.2 165.7
150.6 156.4 160.5 166.3
4.1 3.9 2.6 3.6
Nonmanufacturing, white-collar occupations, excluding sales occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
101.4
102.3
4.9
99.2
100.0
101.3
102.0
4.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.3 109.5 114.1 118.5 122.8
105.6 110.6 114.9 119.4 123.6
107.0 112.1 116.0 120.4 124.7
108.0 112.9 116.9 121.4 125.1
5.6 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.0
103.8 108.5 112.3 115.8 119.4
105.0 109.4 113.0 116.6 120.2
106.3 110.7 113.9 117.6 121.3
107.2 111.5 114.6 118.5 121.8
5.1 4.0 2.8 3.4 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.4 130.0 134.0 139.3 143.7
127.1 130.8 135.1 140.5 145.3
128.0 132.1 136.2 142.0 146.8
128.6 132.5 137.9 142.7 148.1
2.8 3.0 4.1 3.5 3.8
122.9 126.9 131.2 136.9 141.6
123.5 127.8 132.4 138.1 143.2
124.4 129.2 133.8 139.8 144.6
125.4 129.6 135.5 140.3 145.9
3.0 3.3 4.6 3.5 4.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
150.2 157.5 164.2 170.0
152.0 159.1 165.7 171.4
153.8 160.9 166.6 173.2
155.1 162.3 167.1 174.2
4.7 4.6 3.0 4.2
147.4 153.9 160.1 164.9
149.1 155.3 161.3 166.1
150.7 156.9 162.1 167.7
151.9 158.3 162.5 168.5
4.1 4.2 2.7 3.7
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
306
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Nonmanufacturing, blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 ................................................................................................
98.8 102.9
100.0 104.1
101.1 105.0
101.7 105.6
3.7 3.8
99.0 102.2
100.0 103.2
101.0 104.0
101.3 104.3
3.3 3.0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
107.2 110.7 114.6 118.2 121.5
108.2 111.8 115.6 119.1 122.5
109.2 112.8 116.6 120.5 123.5
109.8 113.4 117.1 120.5 123.7
4.0 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.7
105.5 108.2 111.1 114.2 117.5
106.3 109.1 111.9 115.1 118.5
107.1 109.7 113.0 116.4 119.4
107.5 110.2 113.4 116.4 119.8
3.1 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.9
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.6 127.5 131.0 135.2 140.6
125.6 128.6 132.4 136.8 142.3
125.9 129.4 133.4 138.0 143.9
126.7 130.1 134.0 138.7 144.8
2.4 2.7 3.0 3.5 4.4
120.9 124.1 128.2 132.4 137.4
122.0 125.5 129.5 134.0 138.9
122.4 126.4 130.5 135.1 140.3
123.1 127.1 131.1 135.8 140.9
2.8 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.8
2001 ................................................................................................ 2002 ................................................................................................ 2003 ................................................................................................
146.9 152.2 157.5
148.1 154.0 159.7
150.2 155.4 161.1
150.6 155.9 161.7
4.0 3.5 3.7
142.8 147.5 151.1
143.9 149.0 152.4
145.8 149.8 153.4
146.4 150.2 153.8
3.9 2.6 2.4
1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 ................................................................................................
99.2 103.9
100.0 105.0
101.0 105.8
102.4 107.4
4.2 4.9
99.4 103.2
100.0 104.3
100.8 105.0
102.3 106.5
3.5 4.1
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
108.4 113.4 116.8 120.2 123.0
109.9 114.1 117.7 120.7 123.5
111.7 115.2 118.6 121.3 124.2
112.5 115.7 119.1 122.4 124.7
4.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 1.9
107.1 111.3 113.4 116.3 119.2
108.4 111.7 114.1 116.7 119.8
110.0 112.6 114.8 117.3 120.6
110.7 112.9 115.1 118.6 121.2
3.9 2.0 1.9 3.0 2.2
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.3 129.4 134.9 139.2 143.5
126.0 130.5 135.7 140.4 145.1
127.0 132.7 136.9 140.7 146.3
128.6 133.8 137.7 142.3 147.8
3.1 4.0 2.9 3.3 3.9
122.0 126.4 132.0 136.5 140.9
122.7 127.4 132.9 137.7 142.4
123.9 129.7 134.1 137.9 143.4
125.5 130.9 135.1 139.5 144.7
3.5 4.3 3.2 3.3 3.7
2001 ................................................................................................ 2002 ................................................................................................ 2003 ................................................................................................
149.5 155.9 161.1
150.7 156.9 162.0
152.1 158.4 163.2
154.1 159.2 164.2
4.3 3.3 3.1
146.0 151.4 155.0
147.1 152.3 155.5
148.2 153.4 156.5
150.1 154.0 157.3
3.7 2.6 2.1
Nonmanufacturing, service occupations
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
307
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
State and local government workers, total 1989 ................................................................................................
99.4
100.0
103.3
104.3
6.2
99.5
100.0
103.1
103.9
5.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.8 111.8 115.2 119.3 122.6
106.5 112.0 115.7 119.6 123.1
109.4 113.9 117.9 121.4 125.0
110.4 114.4 118.6 121.9 125.6
5.8 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.0
105.1 110.6 113.8 117.2 120.4
105.7 110.9 114.2 117.4 120.7
108.6 112.8 115.9 119.3 122.8
109.4 113.2 116.6 119.7 123.4
5.3 3.5 3.0 2.7 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.4 129.9 133.2 136.5 140.5
126.9 130.2 133.3 136.9 141.0
128.7 131.9 135.0 139.0 143.1
129.3 132.7 135.7 139.8 144.6
2.9 2.6 2.3 3.0 3.4
124.3 127.8 131.4 135.1 139.0
124.6 128.1 131.5 135.4 139.6
126.6 130.1 133.6 137.6 142.2
127.3 130.9 134.4 138.5 143.5
3.2 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.5 150.3 156.1 162.6
145.9 151.2 156.7 163.2
147.8 154.3 160.1 165.9
148.9 155.2 161.5 166.8
3.0 4.2 4.1 3.3
144.3 149.3 154.4 159.2
144.7 150.1 154.9 159.7
147.2 153.0 157.7 161.3
148.3 153.7 158.6 161.9
3.3 3.6 3.2 2.1
WORKERS BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP White-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.5
100.0
103.6
104.6
6.4
99.6
100.0
103.4
104.2
5.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.1 112.2 115.4 119.5 122.6
106.7 112.3 115.8 119.6 122.9
109.9 114.2 118.1 121.5 124.9
110.9 114.6 118.9 121.9 125.5
6.0 3.3 3.8 2.5 3.0
105.5 111.0 114.0 117.5 120.6
106.0 111.2 114.3 117.6 120.9
109.2 113.1 116.2 119.6 122.9
109.9 113.5 116.9 119.9 123.6
5.5 3.3 3.0 2.6 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.2 129.6 132.9 136.1 139.8
126.6 129.9 133.0 136.2 140.2
128.6 131.8 134.8 138.4 142.6
129.1 132.5 135.5 139.3 144.0
2.9 2.6 2.3 2.8 3.4
124.4 127.9 131.4 135.0 138.9
124.6 128.2 131.5 135.2 139.3
126.8 130.3 133.7 137.6 142.1
127.4 131.1 134.5 138.5 143.4
3.1 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.9 149.5 155.2 161.7
145.3 150.4 155.7 162.2
147.3 153.7 159.3 164.9
148.3 154.4 160.7 165.7
3.0 4.1 4.1 3.1
144.1 149.0 153.9 158.9
144.5 149.8 154.4 159.2
147.1 152.7 157.4 161.0
148.0 153.3 158.4 161.5
3.2 3.6 3.3 2.0
Professional specialty and technical occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
...
100.0
103.8
104.7
...
...
100.0
103.7
104.4
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.4 112.3 115.5 119.6 122.5
107.0 112.4 116.0 119.7 122.7
110.3 114.5 118.5 121.7 125.0
111.2 115.0 119.2 122.0 125.5
6.2 3.4 3.7 2.3 2.9
105.8 111.5 114.5 118.1 121.1
106.3 111.7 114.8 118.2 121.3
109.8 113.8 117.0 120.4 123.6
110.6 114.2 117.6 120.7 124.2
5.9 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.0 129.1 132.5 135.6 138.8
126.3 129.5 132.5 135.6 139.3
128.4 131.6 134.6 137.7 142.0
128.8 132.3 135.1 138.5 143.2
2.6 2.7 2.1 2.5 3.4
124.8 128.3 131.9 135.5 138.9
125.0 128.6 132.0 135.6 139.4
127.4 131.1 134.4 137.9 142.5
128.0 131.7 135.1 138.7 143.6
3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.1 148.4 153.6 160.2
144.5 149.2 154.1 160.8
146.6 152.8 158.1 163.4
147.4 153.2 159.4 164.1
2.9 3.9 4.0 2.9
144.3 149.1 153.6 158.8
144.7 149.8 154.1 159.1
147.4 153.0 157.5 161.0
148.2 153.4 158.4 161.4
3.2 3.5 3.3 1.9
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
...
100.0
103.1
104.1
...
...
100.0
102.8
103.7
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.7 112.2 115.0 119.0 122.8
106.4 112.0 115.2 119.2 123.4
109.3 113.3 116.8 121.0 124.7
110.1 113.7 117.8 121.6 125.3
5.8 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.0
104.9 110.6 113.3 116.5 119.8
105.7 110.7 113.5 116.6 120.3
108.4 112.0 114.7 118.2 121.6
108.9 112.3 115.5 118.8 122.4
5.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.9 130.7 134.1 137.5 142.6
127.4 131.0 134.4 137.9 142.8
129.1 132.0 135.6 140.4 144.5
129.9 132.9 136.4 141.6 146.1
3.7 2.3 2.6 3.8 3.2
124.1 127.7 131.3 135.1 140.1
124.3 128.0 131.7 135.6 140.5
126.0 129.3 133.1 138.0 142.7
126.9 130.2 134.1 139.3 144.3
3.7 2.6 3.0 3.9 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.0 152.4 159.5 165.3
147.2 153.7 159.8 165.7
149.2 156.4 162.3 168.0
150.7 157.6 163.8 169.1
3.1 4.6 3.9 3.2
144.9 150.1 156.6 160.9
145.1 151.5 156.8 161.0
147.3 153.9 159.0 162.5
148.8 155.1 160.1 163.3
3.1 4.2 3.2 2.0
. . . = Not available.
308
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Administrative support occupations, including clerical occupations ...
100.0
102.9
103.9
...
...
100.0
102.4
103.0
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.4 111.8 115.4 119.2 122.7
106.0 111.7 115.7 119.6 123.3
108.7 113.5 117.5 121.0 124.9
110.2 114.0 118.5 121.6 125.6
6.1 3.4 3.9 2.6 3.3
104.4 109.4 112.7 115.4 118.9
104.8 109.7 112.9 115.9 119.4
107.2 111.4 114.1 117.2 120.9
107.9 111.8 114.9 117.8 121.7
4.8 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.3 130.0 133.3 136.9 141.4
126.9 130.4 133.5 137.2 141.3
128.4 131.8 135.3 139.5 143.0
129.1 133.0 136.1 140.3 145.0
2.8 3.0 2.3 3.1 3.4
122.5 125.8 129.2 133.0 137.4
122.9 126.1 129.5 133.3 137.5
124.4 127.7 131.4 135.4 139.6
125.1 129.0 132.3 136.5 141.7
2.8 3.1 2.6 3.2 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.9 150.7 156.9 163.8
146.5 151.6 158.0 164.4
148.3 154.2 161.0 167.9
149.4 155.6 162.4 168.5
3.0 4.1 4.4 3.8
142.4 147.0 151.9 156.9
143.0 147.6 152.8 157.2
145.0 149.8 155.1 159.1
146.2 150.9 156.0 159.5
3.2 3.2 3.4 2.2
Blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
99.3
100.0
102.1
103.7
6.4
99.5
100.0
101.9
103.3
5.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.5 110.4 114.2 118.3 122.3
106.3 110.9 115.3 118.7 122.7
108.2 112.4 116.9 120.5 124.2
108.7 112.9 117.8 121.4 124.7
4.8 3.9 4.3 3.1 2.7
104.3 109.1 112.5 116.2 119.7
105.3 110.0 113.7 116.5 120.1
107.2 111.1 115.0 118.4 121.8
107.7 111.6 115.6 119.0 122.5
4.3 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.4 129.0 132.1 135.0 138.8
126.3 129.5 132.3 135.2 139.5
127.2 130.3 133.3 136.8 140.9
128.0 131.2 134.2 137.8 142.5
2.6 2.5 2.3 2.7 3.4
123.1 126.6 129.6 133.1 136.9
123.8 127.0 129.8 133.5 137.6
124.8 127.9 131.2 135.1 139.4
125.7 128.8 132.3 136.0 140.7
2.6 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
143.7 148.6 154.0 161.3
144.2 149.0 154.7 161.7
145.9 151.5 158.4 163.6
147.2 153.2 159.8 165.2
3.3 4.1 4.3 3.4
141.5 146.0 151.6 156.2
142.1 146.5 152.1 156.5
143.9 149.1 154.5 157.6
145.1 150.8 155.1 158.3
3.1 3.9 2.9 2.1
99.2
100.0
102.8
103.6
5.5
99.3
100.0
102.4
102.9
4.3
Service occupations 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.8 111.0 115.0 119.1 123.1
105.3 111.3 115.6 119.7 123.9
108.1 113.4 117.4 121.4 126.0
109.2 114.0 118.0 122.1 126.6
5.4 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.7
103.9 109.3 113.2 116.3 119.7
104.2 110.1 113.7 117.1 120.4
106.7 112.0 114.9 118.3 122.7
107.6 112.7 115.5 118.9 123.3
4.6 4.7 2.5 2.9 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.6 131.9 135.6 139.4 144.3
128.8 132.3 135.6 141.0 145.3
130.1 133.6 137.0 143.0 146.7
131.0 134.5 137.8 143.4 148.6
3.5 2.7 2.5 4.1 3.6
124.6 128.1 132.4 136.5 141.1
125.2 128.6 132.4 137.2 142.1
126.6 130.1 134.2 139.2 144.1
127.3 131.0 135.2 140.0 145.7
3.2 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
149.5 155.3 161.5 168.0
149.7 156.5 162.4 168.9
151.5 159.0 165.2 172.0
152.9 160.5 166.3 173.0
2.9 5.0 3.6 4.0
146.4 152.8 158.3 162.7
146.6 153.7 159.2 163.8
149.6 156.1 160.6 164.9
151.2 157.4 161.2 165.8
3.8 4.1 2.4 2.9
WORKERS BY INDUSTRY DIVISION Service industries 1989 ................................................................................................
99.5
100.0
103.8
104.7
6.3
99.6
100.0
103.6
104.3
5.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.1 112.4 115.8 120.0 123.1
106.8 112.6 116.2 120.2 123.4
110.2 114.8 118.8 122.2 125.6
111.3 115.3 119.6 122.6 126.1
6.3 3.6 3.7 2.5 2.9
105.5 111.3 114.4 118.1 121.1
106.0 111.5 114.7 118.2 121.3
109.5 113.7 116.9 120.3 123.6
110.3 114.1 117.5 120.6 124.2
5.8 3.4 3.0 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.7 130.0 133.2 136.5 140.0
127.1 130.3 133.3 136.6 140.5
129.2 132.4 135.4 139.0 143.2
129.6 133.1 136.0 139.7 144.5
2.8 2.7 2.2 2.7 3.4
124.9 128.6 132.1 135.7 139.5
125.1 128.9 132.2 135.9 139.9
127.6 131.2 134.7 138.4 142.9
128.2 131.9 135.3 139.2 144.0
3.2 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.2 149.9 155.5 161.8
145.5 150.6 155.9 162.3
148.0 154.4 159.7 164.9
148.9 154.9 160.9 165.7
3.0 4.0 3.9 3.0
144.6 149.5 154.6 159.5
144.9 150.2 155.0 159.8
147.9 153.7 158.4 161.6
148.7 154.2 159.2 162.1
3.3 3.7 3.2 1.8
. . . = Not available.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
309
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Service industries, excluding schools 1989 ................................................................................................
99.1
100.0
102.5
103.2
5.5
99.1
100.0
102.5
103.0
4.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.4 112.2 115.1 119.6 122.8
106.4 111.7 115.6 120.0 123.3
108.8 113.7 117.5 121.4 124.9
110.2 114.4 118.6 121.9 125.6
6.8 3.8 3.7 2.8 3.0
105.4 111.4 114.8 118.4 121.3
106.4 111.4 115.2 118.7 121.9
108.8 113.5 116.4 120.1 123.2
109.6 114.2 117.4 120.4 124.0
6.4 4.2 2.8 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.4 130.3 132.5 136.1 139.6
127.7 130.8 132.9 136.2 140.3
128.9 131.9 134.4 138.7 142.6
129.4 132.0 135.3 138.8 143.8
3.0 2.0 2.5 2.6 3.6
125.0 128.2 131.2 135.4 139.0
125.5 128.7 131.6 135.5 139.6
126.9 130.1 133.3 137.8 142.1
127.4 130.5 134.4 138.2 143.2
2.7 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.2 150.1 157.9 164.0
145.8 151.9 158.7 164.2
147.6 154.5 161.0 166.8
148.8 156.1 162.8 168.2
3.5 4.9 4.3 3.3
144.3 149.1 156.7 161.4
144.8 150.7 157.3 161.8
146.7 153.2 159.1 163.2
147.9 154.9 160.3 164.5
3.3 4.7 3.5 2.6
Health services 98.8
100.0
103.1
104.2
7.1
98.9
100.0
102.7
103.7
6.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.2 112.6 115.9 120.2 124.2
106.9 112.2 116.8 120.7 125.2
109.9 113.9 118.6 122.2 127.2
111.1 114.9 119.4 123.1 127.7
6.6 3.4 3.9 3.1 3.7
105.5 111.1 114.9 118.1 121.9
106.1 111.7 115.7 118.8 122.9
108.9 113.0 116.7 120.4 124.7
109.7 114.0 117.4 121.0 125.3
5.8 3.9 3.0 3.1 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
128.4 132.5 134.5 137.9 141.2
129.8 133.1 134.9 138.0 142.0
131.0 134.0 136.0 140.3 144.2
131.6 134.1 137.2 140.7 145.8
3.1 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.6
126.0 129.3 132.1 136.3 139.7
126.6 129.9 132.6 136.5 140.4
127.9 131.1 133.9 138.7 142.8
128.6 131.4 135.3 139.2 144.2
2.6 2.2 3.0 2.9 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.3 152.1 160.4 166.4
147.9 154.4 161.4 166.7
150.0 157.1 163.5 169.5
151.6 158.6 165.5 171.0
4.0 4.6 4.4 3.3
145.3 149.9 157.8 162.9
145.7 151.9 158.8 163.5
147.7 154.2 160.5 165.1
149.3 155.8 162.2 166.7
3.5 4.4 4.1 2.8
Hospitals 1989 ................................................................................................
98.6
100.0
103.2
104.5
7.1
98.7
100.0
102.9
103.8
6.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.0 112.2 115.9 120.0 123.7
107.0 112.1 116.7 120.4 124.5
109.8 114.1 118.6 122.0 127.0
111.4 115.2 119.4 123.3 127.7
6.6 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.6
105.0 110.7 114.5 117.6 121.2
105.9 111.3 115.2 118.2 122.0
108.6 112.9 116.5 119.9 124.2
109.8 114.1 117.1 120.7 125.1
5.8 3.9 2.6 3.1 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
128.4 132.6 134.8 138.4 141.7
129.9 133.2 135.2 138.4 142.7
131.1 134.2 136.3 140.7 144.8
131.7 134.3 137.6 141.2 146.3
3.1 2.0 2.5 2.6 3.6
125.8 129.1 131.9 136.3 139.7
126.3 129.7 132.4 136.5 140.6
127.6 130.9 133.7 138.6 142.8
128.4 131.3 135.2 139.1 144.1
2.6 2.3 3.0 2.9 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.9 152.2 160.7 167.0
148.4 154.7 161.8 167.3
150.7 157.4 164.1 170.3
152.0 159.1 166.2 171.4
3.9 4.7 4.5 3.1
145.3 149.5 157.7 163.1
145.6 151.8 158.8 163.8
147.7 154.2 160.6 165.5
149.2 155.7 162.5 166.7
3.5 4.4 4.4 2.6
99.5
100.0
104.1
104.9
...
99.6
100.0
103.8
104.5
...
Educational services 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.2 112.4 115.7 120.0 122.9
106.8 112.6 116.1 120.1 123.1
110.3 114.9 118.9 122.3 125.5
111.4 115.3 119.7 122.7 126.0
6.2 3.5 3.8 2.5 2.7
105.5 111.3 114.3 118.0 120.9
106.0 111.5 114.6 118.1 121.1
109.7 113.8 116.9 120.3 123.6
110.5 114.1 117.6 120.6 124.2
5.7 3.3 3.1 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.5 129.7 133.1 136.3 139.9
126.8 130.0 133.2 136.5 140.3
129.0 132.3 135.4 138.8 143.1
129.4 133.0 135.9 139.6 144.4
2.7 2.8 2.2 2.7 3.4
124.8 128.5 132.1 135.7 139.5
124.9 128.8 132.2 135.8 139.8
127.7 131.3 134.8 138.4 142.9
128.3 132.0 135.3 139.3 144.0
3.3 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.0 149.6 154.8 161.1
145.2 150.1 155.1 161.7
147.9 154.1 159.2 164.3
148.7 154.5 160.3 165.0
3.0 3.9 3.8 2.9
144.5 149.5 154.2 159.1
144.8 150.0 154.5 159.3
148.0 153.6 158.1 161.2
148.7 154.0 158.9 161.6
3.3 3.6 3.2 1.7
. . . = Not available.
310
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Schools 1989 ................................................................................................
99.6
100.0
104.4
105.3
6.7
99.7
100.0
104.0
104.7
5.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.4 112.5 116.0 120.2 123.2
106.9 112.9 116.4 120.3 123.4
110.6 115.2 119.2 122.5 125.9
111.6 115.6 119.9 122.9 126.3
6.0 3.6 3.7 2.5 2.8
105.5 111.2 114.3 117.9 121.0
105.9 111.5 114.6 118.0 121.2
109.7 113.7 117.0 120.3 123.8
110.5 114.0 117.5 120.7 124.3
5.5 3.2 3.1 2.7 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.8 130.0 133.4 136.6 140.2
127.1 130.3 133.5 136.7 140.6
129.4 132.6 135.7 139.1 143.5
129.8 133.4 136.2 139.9 144.7
2.8 2.8 2.1 2.7 3.4
125.0 128.7 132.2 135.8 139.6
125.1 128.9 132.3 136.0 140.0
127.8 131.4 134.9 138.5 143.1
128.4 132.2 135.5 139.5 144.2
3.3 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.3 149.9 155.1 161.4
145.5 150.5 155.4 162.0
148.2 154.4 159.6 164.7
149.0 154.8 160.7 165.3
3.0 3.9 3.8 2.9
144.7 149.7 154.3 159.2
144.9 150.2 154.6 159.5
148.1 153.8 158.3 161.4
148.9 154.1 159.0 161.8
3.3 3.5 3.2 1.8
Elementary and secondary schools 99.6
100.0
104.6
105.5
6.5
99.7
100.0
104.2
104.9
5.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.5 112.9 116.6 120.7 123.7
107.1 113.0 117.1 120.8 123.8
111.1 115.7 119.9 123.0 126.3
112.1 116.2 120.7 123.6 126.5
6.3 3.7 3.9 2.4 2.3
105.5 111.6 114.9 118.7 121.7
105.9 111.7 115.3 118.8 121.8
110.1 114.3 117.9 121.1 124.5
110.9 114.7 118.5 121.6 124.9
5.7 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
127.1 130.2 133.1 136.1 139.6
127.4 130.5 133.3 136.2 140.0
129.8 132.6 135.5 138.8 142.9
130.1 133.1 135.8 139.3 144.1
2.8 2.3 2.0 2.6 3.4
125.5 129.3 132.4 136.0 139.5
125.8 129.5 132.6 136.1 139.9
128.7 132.0 135.3 138.7 143.1
129.2 132.4 135.7 139.3 144.1
3.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.5 148.5 153.4 159.4
144.7 149.0 153.6 160.0
147.3 152.8 157.7 163.0
148.1 153.1 158.8 163.7
2.8 3.4 3.7 3.1
144.5 149.0 153.4 158.2
144.6 149.5 153.6 158.5
147.9 152.8 157.4 160.6
148.5 153.1 158.1 160.9
3.1 3.1 3.3 1.8
Colleges and universities 1989 ................................................................................................
99.6
100.0
103.4
104.7
...
99.6
100.0
102.9
104.1
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
106.1 111.3 114.0 118.4 121.5
106.3 112.5 114.1 118.5 122.0
109.2 113.4 116.9 120.8 124.5
110.2 113.5 117.2 120.7 125.5
5.3 3.0 3.3 3.0 4.0
105.6 110.2 112.3 115.5 118.6
105.9 111.0 112.3 115.6 119.2
108.4 112.0 114.1 117.8 121.5
109.2 112.0 114.3 117.7 122.5
4.9 2.6 2.1 3.0 4.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.0 129.4 134.3 137.9 141.7
126.1 129.9 134.1 138.1 142.1
128.0 132.5 136.3 140.1 144.8
128.7 134.0 137.2 141.5 146.5
2.5 4.1 2.4 3.1 3.5
123.2 126.8 131.5 135.2 139.6
122.9 127.1 131.4 135.5 139.8
125.0 129.8 133.6 137.7 142.6
125.9 131.2 134.6 139.6 144.4
2.8 4.2 2.6 3.7 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.4 153.7 160.0 167.0
147.6 154.3 160.4 167.5
150.5 159.0 164.7 169.2
151.7 159.6 165.8 170.0
3.5 5.2 3.9 2.5
144.9 151.4 156.8 162.1
145.6 151.8 157.3 162.1
148.3 156.5 160.7 163.5
149.5 156.7 161.6 164.0
3.5 4.8 3.1 1.5
Public administration 1 1989 ................................................................................................
99.2
100.0
102.5
103.2
5.5
99.4
100.0
102.1
102.8
4.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
105.1 110.8 114.0 117.6 121.5
105.5 110.9 114.6 118.0 122.2
107.8 112.2 115.8 119.3 123.7
108.7 112.6 116.3 120.0 124.2
5.3 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.5
104.3 109.1 111.9 114.4 117.9
104.6 109.5 112.4 114.9 118.5
106.5 110.6 113.1 115.9 119.9
107.3 110.9 113.6 116.6 120.6
4.4 3.4 2.4 2.6 3.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.4 129.2 133.0 136.4 140.8
126.1 129.6 133.0 137.4 141.5
127.4 130.7 134.1 138.9 142.4
128.3 131.8 135.1 139.9 144.4
3.3 2.7 2.5 3.6 3.2
121.9 124.9 128.9 132.7 136.9
122.3 125.3 129.0 133.2 137.8
123.2 126.6 130.3 134.8 139.5
124.1 127.7 131.4 135.9 141.5
2.9 2.9 2.9 3.4 4.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.7 150.6 156.5 163.4
146.1 151.9 157.5 164.3
146.9 153.8 160.2 167.3
148.3 155.2 161.7 168.1
2.7 4.7 4.2 4.0
142.5 147.6 152.5 157.2
142.9 148.7 153.4 158.0
144.6 150.3 154.8 159.4
146.1 151.6 155.8 160.0
3.3 3.8 2.8 2.7
1Includes executive, legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory activities of state and local governments, SICs 91 through 96. . . . = Not available.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
311
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1989–2003 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes Series and year March
June
September
December
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Civilian workers 1 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.6
100.0
101.9
103.2
6.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
105.9 112.2 118.6 125.0 130.1
107.2 113.6 119.6 126.2 131.0
108.9 115.4 121.4 127.4 132.3
110.1 116.3 122.5 128.1 132.5
6.7 5.6 5.3 4.6 3.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
133.8 136.2 138.9 142.0 145.3
134.5 136.9 139.6 143.0 146.6
135.2 137.7 140.3 144.0 147.9
135.5 138.2 141.1 144.7 149.5
2.3 2.0 2.1 2.6 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
152.6 159.7 167.5 177.8
154.3 161.3 169.4 180.0
155.8 163.7 171.7 182.8
156.9 165.1 173.3 184.3
4.9 5.2 5.0 6.3
State and local government 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
...
100.0
103.9
105.3
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
107.5 114.6 118.5 124.2 127.9
108.3 114.4 119.3 124.5 128.5
111.3 116.4 122.3 126.2 130.3
112.7 117.1 123.4 127.0 130.5
7.0 3.9 5.4 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
131.1 134.7 137.4 139.7 143.6
132.2 135.1 137.4 140.3 144.0
133.6 136.1 138.2 142.1 145.0
133.9 136.8 138.6 142.7 146.7
2.6 2.2 1.3 3.0 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
148.2 152.3 159.9 170.5
148.5 153.5 160.6 171.6
149.0 157.3 165.8 176.9
150.2 158.4 168.2 178.5
2.4 5.5 6.2 6.1
Private industry 2 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.4
100.0
101.4
102.6
6.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
105.5 111.6 118.6 125.2 130.7
106.9 113.5 119.7 126.7 131.7
108.3 115.2 121.2 127.7 132.8
109.4 116.2 122.2 128.3 133.0
6.6 6.2 5.2 5.0 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
134.5 136.6 139.4 142.6 145.8
135.1 137.4 140.1 143.7 147.3
135.6 138.1 140.8 144.5 148.6
135.9 138.6 141.8 145.2 150.2
2.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
153.8 161.5 169.3 179.6
155.7 163.2 171.6 182.0
157.5 165.2 173.1 184.3
158.6 166.7 174.6 185.8
5.6 5.1 4.7 6.4
White-collar occupations 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
98.3 105.6 112.1 118.4 124.7 130.5
100.0 107.1 113.8 119.4 125.9 131.6
101.4 108.6 115.3 121.0 126.8 132.8
102.6 109.7 116.4 122.0 127.6 133.3
6.7 6.9 6.1 4.8 4.6 4.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
135.2 137.7 140.8 144.7 147.9
136.0 138.4 141.5 145.6 149.4
136.6 139.5 142.0 146.6 151.0
136.7 139.7 143.4 147.4 152.5
2.6 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
156.3 165.2 173.5 183.6
158.5 167.4 176.1 185.5
160.4 169.5 177.2 187.7
161.5 171.2 178.5 189.2
5.9 6.0 4.3 6.0
1Includes private industry and state and local 2Excludes farm and household workers.
. . . = Not available.
government workers and excludes farm, household, and federal government workers.
312
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes Series and year March
June
September
December
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Blue-collar occupations 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
98.6 105.2 111.0 118.7 125.5 130.5
100.0 106.6 112.8 119.7 127.3 131.5
101.4 107.9 114.9 121.2 128.4 132.7
102.6 109.0 115.7 122.2 128.9 132.5
5.3 6.2 6.1 5.6 5.5 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
133.3 135.2 137.2 139.1 142.2
133.6 136.1 138.0 140.4 143.6
134.1 136.2 138.8 141.0 144.8
134.7 137.0 139.0 141.6 146.2
1.7 1.7 1.5 1.9 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
150.0 155.7 162.2 172.7
151.6 156.2 164.0 176.1
153.1 158.3 166.2 178.4
154.1 159.2 167.8 179.9
5.4 3.3 5.4 7.2
Service-occupations 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.7
100.0
101.6
103.0
6.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
106.0 112.3 120.0 127.7 132.9
107.0 114.5 121.6 129.3 133.1
108.1 116.5 123.7 130.5 134.2
109.9 117.8 124.6 131.5 134.7
6.7 7.2 5.8 5.5 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
135.0 135.7 138.3 143.3 146.3
135.6 136.3 139.6 143.7 147.6
135.7 136.2 141.4 144.7 148.4
136.0 137.4 142.0 144.8 149.9
1.0 1.0 3.3 2.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
150.8 159.5 168.9 180.2
152.7 161.1 170.4 182.1
154.4 163.2 173.4 184.1
156.4 166.0 174.9 186.4
4.3 6.1 5.4 6.6
Goods-producing industries 3 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.7
100.0
101.5
102.6
5.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
105.7 111.9 119.7 127.3 132.7
107.2 113.9 120.6 129.0 133.9
108.7 115.8 122.3 130.0 134.8
109.9 116.7 123.4 130.3 134.8
7.1 6.2 5.7 5.6 3.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
135.9 137.7 139.9 141.5 144.3
135.9 138.6 140.9 142.5 145.2
136.2 138.8 141.5 143.0 146.3
137.1 139.7 141.5 143.2 148.2
1.7 1.9 1.3 1.2 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
152.3 158.5 165.8 178.0
154.2 159.6 167.4 180.2
155.7 160.8 168.8 182.3
156.2 162.6 171.0 183.8
5.4 4.1 5.2 7.5
Manufacturing 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.6
102.3
5.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
105.5 111.2 119.3 126.8 132.0
106.9 113.3 120.1 128.6 133.0
108.4 115.3 121.5 129.7 133.9
109.5 116.1 122.6 130.0 134.3
7.0 6.0 5.6 6.0 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
135.4 137.5 139.9 141.7 143.6
135.2 138.5 141.0 142.4 144.5
135.5 138.8 141.4 142.6 145.7
136.7 139.8 141.7 142.7 147.8
1.8 2.3 1.4 0.7 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
152.3 157.1 163.7 176.9
153.9 157.9 165.5 179.0
154.9 158.5 166.8 181.1
154.8 160.4 168.9 182.3
4.7 3.6 5.3 7.9
3Includes
mining, construction, and manufacturing.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
313
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes Series and year March
June
September
December
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
99.1
100.0
102.0
106.5
7.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
110.1 114.2 124.1 137.6 134.4
111.4 116.0 127.3 137.0 135.3
114.5 117.7 128.9 140.1 138.7
111.9 119.7 135.1 133.1 138.4
5.1 7.0 12.9 -1.5 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
141.0 154.2 148.6 141.7 142.6
140.8 155.4 148.8 143.1 144.3
140.5 154.8 147.6 143.8 145.6
146.1 151.6 143.0 145.3 153.9
5.6 3.8 -5.7 1.6 5.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
161.9 171.4 180.7 220.4
166.6 171.7 182.6 220.3
168.7 168.2 182.6 221.4
163.1 174.4 192.4 213.4
6.0 6.9 10.3 10.9
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721), white-collar occupations 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
101.7
105.7
6.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
109.9 113.1 124.0 136.2 133.5
110.9 115.1 127.5 135.4 134.7
114.3 116.4 128.4 138.7 138.0
111.2 119.2 133.0 132.5 137.3
5.2 7.2 11.6 -0.4 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
140.1 152.0 146.8 142.9 141.3
140.2 152.9 147.3 145.0 142.7
139.9 152.1 146.8 145.5 142.9
142.5 150.9 144.8 143.9 147.6
3.8 5.9 -4.0 -0.6 2.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
156.8 175.0 180.7 219.7
163.6 174.2 182.6 218.3
165.4 168.9 182.2 218.7
162.8 175.0 187.0 216.3
10.3 7.5 6.9 15.7
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721), blue-collar occupations 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
99.2
100.0
102.3
107.4
8.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
110.5 115.5 124.2 139.3 135.0
112.2 117.1 127.2 139.0 135.6
114.6 119.3 129.5 141.9 139.0
112.8 120.4 137.7 133.5 139.2
5.0 6.7 14.4 -3.1 4.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
141.6 156.7 150.9 139.0 144.2
140.9 158.4 150.4 139.5 146.3
140.6 158.4 148.2 140.7 149.5
150.8 152.2 139.6 146.6 163.0
8.3 0.9 -8.3 5.0 11.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
169.2 165.0 179.5 220.1
170.5 166.7 181.4 221.8
173.3 166.1 181.8 224.0
162.7 172.4 199.3 207.5
-0.2 6.0 15.6 4.1
Service-producing industries 4 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.2
100.0
101.4
102.6
6.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
105.3 111.4 117.7 123.4 128.9
106.6 113.0 118.8 124.6 129.7
107.9 114.6 120.4 125.7 131.2
109.0 115.7 121.2 126.7 131.5
6.2 6.1 4.8 4.5 3.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
133.2 135.5 138.5 142.7 146.1
134.1 136.2 139.2 143.8 147.9
134.8 137.2 139.8 144.9 149.4
134.7 137.4 141.4 145.7 150.7
2.4 2.0 2.9 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
154.0 162.6 170.7 179.9
156.0 164.6 173.3 182.3
157.9 167.1 174.9 184.7
159.4 168.4 175.9 186.2
5.8 5.6 4.5 5.9
4Includes
transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
314
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes Series and year March
June
September
December
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Nonmanufacturing industries 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.2
100.0
101.4
102.8
6.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
105.4 111.9 118.2 124.2 129.9
106.9 113.5 119.4 125.5 130.8
108.2 115.1 121.0 126.5 132.2
109.3 116.2 122.0 127.4 132.3
6.3 6.3 5.0 4.4 3.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
133.9 136.0 138.9 142.7 146.3
134.7 136.7 139.5 143.9 148.0
135.4 137.5 140.2 145.0 149.4
135.3 137.9 141.5 145.8 150.7
2.3 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
154.0 162.9 171.1 180.3
156.1 164.9 173.5 182.8
158.1 167.4 175.2 185.1
159.7 168.8 176.3 186.7
6.0 5.7 4.4 5.9
Union workers 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.6
100.0
101.3
102.1
4.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
104.6 110.1 119.2 126.6 131.9
105.6 112.1 120.0 128.5 132.9
106.7 113.9 121.7 129.7 133.3
108.2 115.2 122.5 130.6 133.7
6.0 6.5 6.3 6.6 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
134.8 139.1 140.2 142.1 145.8
135.5 140.0 140.9 143.8 146.9
136.6 139.9 142.2 145.0 148.3
138.0 140.7 142.0 145.5 149.7
3.2 2.0 0.9 2.5 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
153.7 158.5 166.5 178.7
155.5 160.1 168.1 182.7
157.4 161.9 170.8 185.4
157.5 163.4 172.7 187.1
5.2 3.7 5.7 8.3
Nonunion workers 1989 ..........................................................................................................................
98.4
100.0
101.5
102.9
6.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
105.8 112.3 118.4 124.6 130.1
107.4 114.0 119.5 125.9 131.1
108.9 115.7 121.0 126.9 132.6
109.9 116.6 122.1 127.4 132.7
6.8 6.1 4.7 4.3 4.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
134.2 135.8 138.9 142.5 145.6
134.8 136.5 139.7 143.4 147.1
135.2 137.4 140.2 144.2 148.5
135.1 137.8 141.5 144.9 150.0
1.8 2.0 2.7 2.4 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................
153.6 162.0 169.7 179.5
155.5 163.7 172.1 181.5
157.3 165.8 173.4 183.7
158.6 167.2 174.7 185.1
5.7 5.4 4.5 6.0
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
315
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1989–2003 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Union workers, total 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
100.9
101.8
3.7
99.2
100.0
100.6
101.6
3.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.3 107.5 113.1 117.8 121.9
104.1 108.8 114.0 119.1 123.0
105.1 110.1 115.2 120.0 123.8
106.2 111.1 115.9 120.9 124.2
4.3 4.6 4.3 4.3 2.7
102.6 106.2 109.8 113.1 116.5
103.3 107.1 110.8 113.9 117.6
104.2 108.0 111.7 114.8 118.6
105.1 108.9 112.3 115.7 119.1
3.4 3.6 3.1 3.0 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.1 128.5 131.0 134.0 138.0
125.8 129.7 131.8 135.3 139.0
126.8 130.1 133.2 136.8 140.2
127.7 130.8 133.5 137.5 141.2
2.8 2.4 2.1 3.0 2.7
119.8 122.8 126.0 129.6 133.6
120.6 124.2 126.9 130.7 134.7
121.5 124.8 128.3 132.4 135.7
122.2 125.4 128.9 133.1 136.5
2.6 2.6 2.8 3.3 2.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
143.0 147.9 154.8 162.1
144.4 149.5 156.3 164.1
146.1 151.0 158.1 165.7
146.9 153.1 159.5 166.8
4.0 4.2 4.2 4.6
137.2 142.1 148.4 153.3
138.5 143.7 149.8 154.3
140.0 145.1 151.3 155.3
141.2 147.4 152.5 156.2
3.4 4.4 3.5 2.4
Union workers, blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
100.9
101.7
3.5
99.1
100.0
100.7
101.5
3.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.0 107.4 112.9 117.4 121.2
104.1 108.6 113.8 118.7 122.4
104.8 109.7 114.8 119.7 123.1
105.9 110.7 115.5 120.6 123.4
4.1 4.5 4.3 4.4 2.3
102.2 105.8 109.1 112.0 115.1
103.2 106.7 109.9 112.8 116.2
103.8 107.3 110.8 113.7 117.3
104.8 108.2 111.3 114.5 117.6
3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.0 126.8 128.9 131.8 135.6
124.8 128.0 129.9 133.3 136.7
125.7 128.3 131.2 134.6 137.8
126.3 128.9 131.6 135.3 138.9
2.4 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.7
118.2 120.9 123.6 127.2 131.2
119.1 122.0 124.7 128.5 132.5
120.0 122.8 126.0 129.9 133.6
120.3 123.4 126.7 130.6 134.5
2.3 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
141.1 145.9 151.7 159.2
142.5 147.2 153.5 161.4
144.3 148.7 155.2 163.1
145.0 150.0 156.6 164.2
4.4 3.4 4.4 4.9
135.2 140.3 145.6 150.5
136.5 141.8 147.2 151.6
138.2 143.3 148.4 152.8
139.2 144.7 149.6 153.5
3.5 4.0 3.4 2.6
Union workers, goods-producing industries 3 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
100.9
101.9
3.6
99.0
100.0
100.6
101.6
3.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.3 107.9 114.0 118.7 122.5
104.5 109.2 114.6 120.0 123.8
105.1 110.3 115.7 121.0 124.4
106.3 111.3 116.4 121.9 124.7
4.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 2.3
102.3 106.2 109.6 112.2 115.4
103.5 107.1 110.2 113.0 116.7
104.0 107.7 111.1 113.8 117.5
105.0 108.7 111.7 114.8 117.9
3.3 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.2 127.9 130.0 132.7 136.8
125.9 129.0 131.2 134.3 138.2
126.7 129.2 132.3 135.6 139.2
127.5 129.8 132.5 136.5 140.8
2.2 1.8 2.1 3.0 3.2
118.4 121.3 124.1 127.9 132.3
119.3 122.5 125.4 129.4 133.8
120.2 123.2 126.6 131.0 134.9
120.6 123.6 127.1 131.7 136.1
2.3 2.5 2.8 3.6 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
143.3 147.9 153.4 161.4
144.8 149.3 154.7 163.4
146.8 150.6 156.2 164.7
147.3 151.8 157.8 165.9
4.6 3.1 4.0 5.1
137.2 142.4 147.2 152.4
138.4 144.2 148.6 153.9
140.2 145.3 150.0 154.8
141.3 146.3 151.2 155.4
3.8 3.5 3.3 2.8
Union workers, service-producing industries 4 1989 ................................................................................................
99.1
100.0
100.8
101.7
3.9
99.6
100.0
100.7
101.7
2.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.2 107.1 111.9 116.7 121.0
103.6 108.3 113.2 117.7 121.8
104.9 109.8 114.6 118.6 122.9
106.0 110.9 115.2 119.6 123.6
4.2 4.6 3.9 3.8 3.3
102.9 106.1 110.1 114.2 118.0
103.1 107.0 111.5 115.1 118.7
104.4 108.4 112.5 116.0 120.1
105.2 109.2 113.1 116.8 120.6
3.4 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.8 129.0 131.9 135.3 139.2
125.6 130.3 132.4 136.2 139.7
126.8 131.0 134.0 138.0 141.0
127.9 131.7 134.5 138.5 141.4
3.5 3.0 2.1 3.0 2.1
121.6 124.8 128.2 131.8 135.4
122.3 126.2 128.8 132.2 135.8
123.2 126.8 130.4 134.1 136.8
124.2 127.6 131.2 134.8 137.2
3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 1.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
142.5 147.6 156.0 162.6
143.9 149.5 157.6 164.6
145.2 151.2 159.9 166.5
146.4 154.2 161.1 167.5
3.5 5.3 4.5 4.0
137.6 142.2 150.0 154.6
138.9 143.7 151.4 155.1
140.1 145.4 152.9 156.3
141.5 148.9 154.1 157.3
3.1 5.2 3.5 2.1
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 3Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
316
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Union workers, manufacturing industries 1989 ................................................................................................
99.0
100.0
100.8
102.0
4.3
99.0
100.0
100.5
101.7
3.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.6 108.1 114.8 119.8 123.6
104.7 109.5 115.2 121.1 124.8
105.3 110.6 116.1 121.9 125.3
106.6 111.7 116.9 123.0 125.8
4.5 4.8 4.7 5.2 2.3
102.6 106.7 110.4 113.2 116.6
103.8 107.5 110.9 113.9 117.8
104.3 108.3 111.7 114.6 118.5
105.5 109.4 112.5 115.9 119.2
3.7 3.7 2.8 3.0 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.3 128.8 130.8 133.6 137.0
126.6 129.8 131.7 134.6 138.1
127.1 129.8 133.0 136.0 139.1
128.1 130.6 133.3 136.9 141.0
1.8 2.0 2.1 2.7 3.0
119.8 122.9 125.6 129.6 133.6
120.5 123.9 126.5 130.4 134.7
121.3 124.5 127.8 132.2 135.8
122.0 125.2 128.6 133.0 137.5
2.3 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.5 147.9 153.4 162.3
145.4 148.8 154.6 163.8
147.1 149.9 155.9 165.0
147.4 151.4 157.9 166.3
4.5 2.7 4.3 5.3
138.8 143.9 149.0 154.6
139.7 145.5 150.2 155.9
141.4 146.7 151.6 156.7
142.6 148.0 153.1 157.1
3.7 3.8 3.4 2.6
99.0
100.0
100.9
101.9
4.2
99.0
100.0
100.6
101.8
3.6
Union workers, manufacturing, blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.5 108.1 114.7 119.6 123.5
104.6 109.4 115.1 121.0 124.6
105.1 110.6 116.0 121.8 125.1
106.5 111.6 116.8 122.9 125.6
4.5 4.8 4.7 5.2 2.2
102.6 106.6 110.3 113.1 116.4
103.8 107.5 110.8 113.8 117.6
104.2 108.2 111.6 114.4 118.3
105.4 109.3 112.4 115.7 118.9
3.5 3.7 2.8 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.1 128.3 130.5 133.1 136.5
126.4 129.4 131.4 134.2 137.5
126.8 129.5 132.6 135.5 138.5
127.8 130.1 133.0 136.4 140.4
1.8 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.9
119.5 122.4 125.4 129.0 133.0
120.2 123.5 126.2 130.0 134.1
121.0 124.2 127.6 131.4 135.1
121.6 125.0 128.4 132.4 136.8
2.3 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
143.9 147.3 152.5 161.1
144.8 148.1 153.7 162.5
146.5 149.4 155.0 163.7
147.0 150.9 157.0 165.1
4.7 2.7 4.0 5.2
137.8 143.0 147.8 153.3
138.7 144.3 149.0 154.4
140.4 145.8 150.3 155.2
141.7 147.0 151.8 155.8
3.6 3.7 3.3 2.6
98.9
100.0
100.8
101.6
3.1
99.4
100.0
100.7
101.5
2.7
Union workers, nonmanufacturing industries 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.0 107.1 111.8 116.3 120.5
103.7 108.3 113.1 117.4 121.5
104.9 109.7 114.5 118.5 122.6
105.9 110.6 115.1 119.3 123.0
4.2 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.1
102.5 105.8 109.4 113.0 116.4
103.0 106.7 110.7 113.9 117.3
104.1 107.9 111.7 114.9 118.6
104.8 108.6 112.2 115.5 119.0
3.3 3.6 3.3 2.9 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.0 128.0 130.6 133.9 138.1
125.0 129.2 131.5 135.3 139.2
126.2 129.9 132.9 136.9 140.3
127.1 130.4 133.2 137.4 140.8
3.3 2.6 2.1 3.2 2.5
119.9 122.8 126.1 129.6 133.7
120.6 124.3 127.1 130.8 134.6
121.6 124.9 128.6 132.4 135.6
122.3 125.5 129.1 133.1 135.9
2.8 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
141.7 147.3 155.0 161.4
143.4 149.4 156.6 163.7
145.0 151.1 158.8 165.5
146.2 153.5 159.9 166.5
3.8 5.0 4.2 4.1
136.4 141.1 148.1 152.5
137.8 142.7 149.6 153.5
139.2 144.3 151.1 154.6
140.4 147.1 152.1 155.6
3.3 4.8 3.4 2.3
98.8
100.0
101.4
102.4
5.1
99.0
100.0
101.3
102.1
4.5
Nonunion workers, total 1989 ................................................................................................ 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.1 116.8 120.7
105.5 110.1 113.8 117.7 121.7
106.6 111.2 114.7 118.8 122.7
107.3 111.9 115.5 119.5 123.2
4.8 4.3 3.2 3.5 3.1
103.4 107.6 111.2 114.1 117.4
104.8 108.7 111.8 114.8 118.3
105.8 109.7 112.4 115.9 119.2
106.4 110.3 113.1 116.6 119.8
4.2 3.7 2.5 3.1 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.3 127.7 131.8 136.7 140.8
125.2 128.7 132.8 137.8 142.5
126.0 129.7 133.9 139.3 143.8
126.5 130.4 135.3 140.1 145.2
2.7 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.6
120.8 124.8 129.1 134.5 139.0
121.8 125.9 130.3 135.7 140.7
122.6 126.9 131.6 137.4 142.0
123.3 127.7 133.0 138.3 143.3
2.9 3.6 4.2 4.0 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.4 153.8 159.6 165.4
149.1 155.3 161.4 166.8
150.6 156.7 162.2 168.4
151.6 157.8 162.8 169.1
4.4 4.1 3.2 3.9
145.1 150.8 155.9 160.4
146.7 152.2 157.5 161.5
148.1 153.4 158.1 163.0
149.0 154.4 158.5 163.4
4.0 3.6 2.7 3.1
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
317
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Nonunion workers, blue-collar occupations 1989 ................................................................................................
98.7
100.0
101.3
102.1
4.7
98.8
100.0
101.2
101.7
4.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.3 112.2 115.9 119.6
105.3 109.4 113.0 116.9 120.4
106.3 110.6 113.9 117.8 121.7
106.8 111.2 114.6 118.2 121.9
4.6 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
103.0 106.8 110.1 112.8 115.9
104.3 107.7 110.8 113.6 116.7
105.1 108.5 111.3 114.4 117.7
105.5 109.2 111.9 115.0 118.3
3.7 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.0 126.3 129.9 133.8 137.6
123.9 127.3 131.2 134.7 139.0
124.5 127.8 131.8 135.5 140.3
125.1 128.9 132.6 136.3 141.4
2.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.7
119.5 123.6 127.5 132.0 136.2
120.7 124.7 128.9 132.9 137.5
121.4 125.2 129.7 134.0 138.7
122.1 126.3 130.6 134.8 139.7
3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
143.4 149.4 154.7 159.8
144.9 150.3 156.0 161.3
146.1 152.2 156.9 162.6
147.2 152.9 157.7 163.2
4.1 3.9 3.1 3.5
141.4 147.1 151.9 155.5
142.9 148.2 153.1 156.5
144.1 150.0 153.7 157.5
144.9 150.5 154.2 157.8
3.7 3.9 2.5 2.3
Nonunion workers, goods-producing industries 3 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
101.3
102.3
4.7
99.1
100.0
101.1
102.1
4.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.2 108.8 113.3 117.7 121.5
105.5 110.1 114.1 118.6 122.6
106.7 111.3 115.1 119.4 123.6
107.4 112.2 116.0 119.9 124.1
5.0 4.5 3.4 3.4 3.5
103.5 107.3 111.2 114.4 117.6
104.5 108.3 111.9 115.2 118.6
105.5 109.2 112.6 116.0 119.5
106.1 110.1 113.3 116.7 120.3
3.9 3.8 2.9 3.0 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.2 128.3 132.0 135.9 139.7
125.9 129.4 133.2 136.9 140.5
126.4 130.4 134.0 137.7 141.8
127.2 131.3 134.7 138.3 143.1
2.5 3.2 2.6 2.7 3.5
121.3 124.9 128.9 133.6 137.8
122.2 126.1 130.2 134.7 138.8
122.9 127.3 131.2 135.7 140.0
123.8 128.0 132.0 136.5 141.1
2.9 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4
2000 2001 2003 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.4 151.6 157.2 163.6
147.2 153.1 158.6 164.9
148.4 154.0 159.5 166.1
149.3 155.3 160.8 166.7
4.3 4.0 3.5 3.7
142.9 148.8 153.5 157.8
144.7 150.3 154.8 158.9
145.8 151.1 155.5 159.7
146.8 152.1 156.6 160.1
4.0 3.6 3.0 2.2
Nonunion workers, service-producing industries 4 1989 ................................................................................................
98.7
100.0
101.5
102.4
5.3
98.9
100.0
101.4
102.2
4.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.8 113.0 116.3 120.3
105.5 110.1 113.7 117.2 121.1
106.5 111.2 114.4 118.4 122.2
107.2 111.8 115.2 119.2 122.7
4.7 4.3 3.0 3.5 2.9
103.4 107.8 111.2 113.8 117.2
104.9 108.9 111.7 114.6 118.1
105.9 109.9 112.3 115.9 119.0
106.5 110.4 113.0 116.6 119.5
4.2 3.7 2.4 3.2 2.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.8 127.3 131.5 136.7 141.1
124.8 128.3 132.5 138.0 143.0
125.6 129.2 133.7 139.7 144.4
126.0 129.9 135.3 140.6 145.7
2.7 3.1 4.2 3.9 3.6
120.5 124.6 129.1 134.6 139.3
121.5 125.7 130.2 135.9 141.3
122.4 126.6 131.6 137.9 142.6
123.0 127.5 133.2 138.8 143.9
2.9 3.7 4.5 4.2 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.0 154.4 160.3 165.9
149.6 155.9 162.2 167.2
151.2 157.5 162.9 169.0
152.3 158.6 163.3 169.8
4.5 4.1 3.0 4.0
145.8 151.4 156.7 161.2
147.3 152.7 158.3 162.3
148.7 154.1 158.9 164.0
149.6 155.1 159.0 164.5
4.0 3.7 2.5 3.5
Nonunion workers, manufacturing industries 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.2
102.1
4.6
98.9
100.0
101.0
102.0
4.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.2 108.8 113.6 118.1 122.0
105.5 110.2 114.5 119.0 122.9
106.9 111.5 115.5 120.0 124.0
107.6 112.4 116.4 120.6 124.8
5.4 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.5
103.6 107.7 111.9 115.4 118.6
104.8 108.8 112.7 116.1 119.5
105.9 109.7 113.4 117.0 120.5
106.5 110.7 114.2 117.9 121.5
4.4 3.9 3.2 3.2 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
126.1 129.3 133.1 137.2 140.7
126.9 130.5 134.4 138.0 141.7
127.3 131.7 135.1 138.9 143.0
128.3 132.5 135.9 139.4 144.4
2.8 3.3 2.6 2.6 3.5
122.7 126.3 130.3 135.1 139.4
123.8 127.5 131.7 136.2 140.5
124.3 128.8 132.6 137.3 141.7
125.2 129.6 133.5 138.2 142.9
3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.5 152.4 157.6 164.5
148.2 153.7 159.1 165.8
149.2 154.4 160.1 166.9
149.9 155.5 161.3 167.3
3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7
144.4 150.1 154.7 159.3
146.1 151.6 156.1 160.2
147.2 152.2 156.8 160.9
148.0 153.1 157.8 161.3
3.6 3.4 3.1 2.2
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 3Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
318
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Nonunion workers, manufacturing, blue-collar occupations 98.7
100.0
101.4
102.4
5.1
98.7
100.0
101.2
102.2
4.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.4 109.0 113.8 117.5 121.2
105.9 110.3 114.6 118.4 121.9
107.2 111.7 115.5 119.4 123.0
107.9 112.5 116.2 119.9 123.5
5.4 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.0
103.6 107.9 111.9 114.6 117.5
105.0 108.8 112.5 115.2 118.1
106.0 109.7 113.1 116.0 119.1
106.7 110.7 113.7 116.7 120.0
4.4 3.7 2.7 2.6 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.5 128.1 132.2 136.0 139.5
125.5 129.3 133.5 136.7 140.2
125.7 130.3 134.2 137.4 141.6
127.0 131.4 134.8 138.3 142.9
2.8 3.5 2.6 2.6 3.3
121.2 125.4 129.8 134.4 138.5
122.6 126.7 131.2 135.1 139.2
123.1 127.8 132.0 136.2 140.5
124.2 128.8 133.0 137.2 141.6
3.5 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
144.4 149.9 155.6 161.5
145.8 150.8 156.7 162.6
146.7 152.1 157.5 164.1
148.0 153.5 158.8 164.8
3.6 3.7 3.5 3.8
142.8 148.7 154.3 158.3
144.2 150.1 155.3 158.7
145.4 151.3 155.7 159.8
146.6 152.6 156.8 160.4
3.5 4.1 2.8 2.3
Nonunion workers, nonmanufacturing industries 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.4
102.4
5.2
99.0
100.0
101.4
102.3
4.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.0 108.8 112.9 116.3 120.2
105.4 110.1 113.5 117.2 121.1
106.5 111.2 114.3 118.3 122.2
107.2 111.7 115.1 119.0 122.5
4.7 4.2 3.0 3.4 2.9
103.3 107.6 110.9 113.5 116.9
104.8 108.7 111.4 114.3 117.8
105.7 109.6 112.0 115.5 118.7
106.3 110.1 112.7 116.1 119.1
3.9 3.6 2.4 3.0 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.6 127.0 131.1 136.3 140.6
124.5 128.0 132.2 137.5 142.4
125.3 128.9 133.4 139.1 143.8
125.7 129.6 134.9 140.0 145.1
2.6 3.1 4.1 3.8 3.6
120.0 124.2 128.5 134.0 138.6
121.0 125.2 129.7 135.3 140.5
121.9 126.1 131.1 137.1 141.8
122.6 127.0 132.6 138.0 143.0
2.9 3.6 4.4 4.1 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.4 153.9 159.9 165.4
149.1 155.4 161.7 166.7
150.7 157.0 162.4 168.5
151.8 158.2 162.9 169.3
4.6 4.2 3.0 3.9
145.0 150.7 155.9 160.4
146.6 152.0 157.5 161.5
148.0 153.3 158.1 163.1
148.9 154.4 158.3 163.7
4.1 3.7 2.5 3.4
WORKERS BY REGION Northeast 98.7
100.0
101.8
102.9
6.4
98.7
100.0
101.8
102.9
6.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
104.4 109.4 113.9 117.8 121.6
105.3 110.6 114.5 119.1 122.8
106.5 111.7 115.5 120.2 124.0
107.6 112.5 116.4 120.7 124.3
4.6 4.6 3.5 3.7 3.0
104.0 108.3 111.7 114.6 117.8
104.8 109.4 112.2 115.7 118.8
105.9 110.3 113.0 116.8 120.0
106.9 110.9 113.7 117.3 120.2
3.9 3.7 2.5 3.2 2.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.6 128.9 132.2 136.0 140.5
126.6 129.7 133.1 137.0 141.5
127.4 130.6 134.0 138.7 143.2
127.8 131.1 135.0 139.5 144.3
2.8 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.4
121.3 124.9 128.8 132.6 137.1
122.1 126.0 129.8 133.8 138.2
123.1 127.0 130.7 135.4 139.9
123.6 127.7 131.6 136.4 140.9
2.8 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.3 151.6 158.3 163.8
147.6 153.7 159.9 165.2
149.3 155.2 160.5 166.9
150.3 156.3 161.3 167.9
4.2 4.0 3.2 4.1
142.3 147.3 153.5 157.3
143.7 149.2 154.9 158.4
145.3 150.6 155.1 160.0
146.0 151.7 155.7 160.9
3.6 3.9 2.6 3.3
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
99.0 104.0 108.4 112.5 116.2 120.0
100.0 105.7 109.8 113.3 117.0 120.8
101.2 106.3 110.7 114.1 118.1 121.8
102.2 106.9 111.2 114.8 118.8 122.5
4.2 4.6 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.1
99.2 103.5 107.4 110.8 113.6 116.6
100.0 105.2 108.5 111.5 114.3 117.4
101.2 105.7 109.2 112.0 115.3 118.5
102.1 106.1 109.6 112.7 116.0 119.1
3.8 3.9 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
123.7 127.0 130.8 135.5 139.1
124.3 127.8 131.5 136.4 140.7
125.2 128.8 132.5 137.6 141.8
125.6 129.7 134.6 138.1 143.0
2.5 3.3 3.8 2.6 3.5
120.0 124.1 128.5 134.0 137.9
120.8 125.1 129.4 134.9 139.4
121.8 126.0 130.6 136.5 140.2
122.4 127.0 133.0 136.7 141.5
2.8 3.8 4.7 2.8 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
145.0 151.1 156.2 160.6
146.7 152.3 157.6 161.6
147.6 153.5 158.9 163.2
148.6 154.6 159.0 163.9
3.9 4.0 2.8 3.1
143.0 148.3 152.5 155.3
144.6 149.3 153.6 156.1
145.3 150.2 154.7 157.4
146.3 151.2 154.6 157.9
3.4 3.3 2.2 2.1
South
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
319
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1989–2003—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Midwest 1989 ................................................................................................
98.9
100.0
101.0
101.9
4.1
99.1
100.0
100.8
101.6
3.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.5 108.5 113.8 117.9 122.8
104.8 109.7 114.6 119.3 123.6
106.3 111.2 115.3 120.1 124.6
107.1 112.2 116.1 121.2 125.0
5.1 4.8 3.5 4.4 3.1
102.6 106.9 110.7 113.5 117.5
103.7 107.7 111.3 114.6 118.3
105.1 108.9 111.8 115.2 119.5
105.8 109.9 112.5 116.5 120.1
4.1 3.9 2.4 3.6 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
125.8 129.5 133.3 138.3 141.7
126.9 130.7 134.7 139.6 143.6
127.7 131.3 136.2 140.9 145.0
128.3 132.1 136.9 141.4 146.3
2.6 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.5
120.9 125.1 129.0 134.7 138.9
122.2 126.2 130.4 136.0 141.0
123.0 126.9 132.2 137.5 142.4
123.6 127.7 133.0 138.0 143.6
2.9 3.3 4.2 3.8 4.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
148.9 154.8 161.1 169.0
150.7 156.0 162.6 170.4
152.2 157.4 163.5 171.7
153.3 158.6 164.6 172.5
4.8 3.5 3.8 4.8
145.3 150.9 157.1 164.1
147.1 152.3 158.5 165.0
148.6 153.6 159.2 166.1
149.6 154.7 160.2 166.5
4.2 3.4 3.6 3.9
West 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.0
101.8
4.2
99.1
100.0
100.8
101.4
3.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.3 107.5 111.9 116.2 119.4
104.5 108.9 112.9 116.4 120.5
105.6 110.0 114.1 117.8 121.3
106.3 110.9 114.9 118.1 121.7
4.4 4.3 3.6 2.8 3.0
102.5 106.4 110.2 113.6 116.6
104.0 107.6 111.1 113.7 117.9
104.8 108.6 112.2 115.3 118.1
105.4 109.4 112.8 115.7 119.0
3.9 3.8 3.1 2.6 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
122.6 125.9 130.3 135.2 140.3
123.4 127.3 131.4 136.6 142.1
123.9 128.3 132.5 138.5 143.3
125.0 128.9 133.4 140.0 144.7
2.7 3.1 3.5 4.9 3.4
119.9 123.3 127.7 132.9 138.2
120.9 124.8 128.9 134.5 140.2
121.4 125.8 130.2 136.7 141.3
122.7 126.5 131.2 138.4 142.6
3.1 3.1 3.7 5.5 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
147.0 154.3 160.4 167.3
148.8 156.0 162.9 169.5
150.8 157.6 163.8 171.4
151.8 159.4 165.0 172.2
4.9 5.0 3.5 4.4
144.7 151.3 156.4 161.3
146.3 152.9 158.7 163.1
148.2 154.3 159.3 164.7
149.2 156.0 160.1 165.2
4.6 4.6 2.6 3.2
WORKERS BY AREA SIZE Metropolitan areas 1989 ................................................................................................
98.8
100.0
101.4
102.2
4.9
99.0
100.0
101.3
102.1
4.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.1 117.1 120.9
105.1 109.8 113.9 118.1 121.9
106.3 111.0 114.8 119.1 122.9
107.1 111.8 115.6 119.8 123.4
4.8 4.4 3.4 3.6 3.0
103.3 107.3 110.9 113.9 117.2
104.4 108.4 111.6 114.7 118.1
105.4 109.3 112.3 115.8 119.1
106.1 110.1 112.9 116.5 119.7
3.9 3.8 2.5 3.2 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.5 128.0 131.7 136.4 140.4
125.4 129.1 132.8 137.5 142.0
126.2 130.0 133.9 139.1 143.3
126.8 130.6 135.1 139.8 144.7
2.8 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.5
120.6 124.6 128.7 133.8 138.3
121.6 125.8 129.9 135.1 139.9
122.4 126.7 131.1 136.9 141.2
123.2 127.4 132.3 137.7 142.5
2.9 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.9 153.1 159.1 165.2
148.6 154.6 160.9 166.6
150.1 156.0 161.8 168.3
151.0 157.4 162.5 169.1
4.4 4.2 3.2 4.1
144.1 149.8 155.1 159.6
145.7 151.2 156.7 160.7
147.1 152.4 157.4 162.2
148.0 153.7 157.9 162.7
3.9 3.9 2.7 3.0
Other areas 99.4
100.0
100.8
102.0
3.1
99.6
100.0
100.7
101.9
3.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1989 ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
103.6 108.4 113.1 117.0 121.3
105.2 109.9 113.7 117.8 122.5
106.0 110.7 114.8 118.7 123.2
106.8 111.2 115.6 119.7 123.5
4.7 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.2
103.0 107.2 110.7 113.5 117.0
104.6 108.4 111.2 114.4 118.1
105.3 109.0 112.0 115.0 118.6
106.0 109.4 112.8 115.8 119.0
4.0 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
124.8 127.2 131.4 135.9 140.5
125.3 128.0 132.4 137.1 141.8
126.1 128.7 133.8 138.2 143.1
126.5 130.2 135.3 139.4 143.6
2.4 2.9 3.9 3.0 3.0
120.5 123.4 127.7 132.5 137.1
121.3 124.2 128.8 133.4 138.4
122.1 125.0 130.4 134.7 139.8
122.4 126.5 132.0 136.0 140.2
2.9 3.3 4.3 3.0 3.1
2000 2001 2002 2003
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
146.0 152.1 157.5 163.5
147.7 153.7 158.5 165.0
148.8 154.8 160.0 166.1
150.3 155.6 160.8 166.9
4.7 3.5 3.3 3.8
142.2 147.4 151.7 156.8
143.7 148.8 152.6 158.0
144.7 149.7 153.8 158.9
146.0 150.5 154.8 159.5
4.1 3.1 2.9 3.0
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
320
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-5. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Major Industry Group, March 2004 (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Goods-producing 1 Compensation component
All
goods-producing 1
Cost
Percent
Service-providing 2
Construction Cost
Manufacturing
Percent
Cost
All
Percent
service-providing 2
Cost
Percent
Trade, transportation, and utilities Cost
Percent
Information Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION ................
$27.19
100.0
$27.17
100.0
$26.97
100.0
$22.33
100.0
$19.45
100.0
33.66
100.0
WAGES AND SALARIES ................
18.12
66.7
19.02
70.0
17.59
65.2
16.28
72.9
14.07
72.3
23.73
70.5
TOTAL BENEFITS ...........................
9.06
33.3
8.15
30.0
9.39
34.8
6.05
27.1
5.38
27.7
9.94
29.5
Paid Leave ....................................... Vacation pay ..................................... Holiday pay ....................................... Sick leave .......................................... Other leave pay .................................
1.68 0.86 0.61 0.13 0.07
6.2 3.2 2.3 0.5 0.3
0.94 0.54 0.32 0.06 0.02
3.5 2.0 1.2 0.2 0.1
1.99 0.99 0.74 0.17 0.10
7.4 3.7 2.7 0.6 0.4
1.45 0.71 0.49 0.19 0.06
6.5 3.2 2.2 0.9 0.3
1.11 0.54 0.37 0.15 0.04
5.7 2.8 1.9 0.8 0.2
2.76 1.35 0.90 0.30 0.21
8.2 4.0 2.7 0.9 0.6
Supplemental Pay ........................... Overtime and premium pay 3 ............ Shift differentials ............................... Nonproduction bonuses ....................
1.12 0.56 0.08 0.48
4.1 2.1 0.3 1.8
1.01 0.49
3.7 1.8
1.17 0.59 0.12 0.47
4.4 2.2 0.4 1.7
0.54 0.16 0.05 0.33
2.4 0.7 0.2 1.5
0.44 0.21 0.02 0.20
2.2 1.1 0.1 1.0
1.02 0.31 0.05 0.66
3.0 0.9 0.2 2.0
Insurance ......................................... Life insurance .................................... Health insurance ............................... Short-term disability .......................... Long-term disability ...........................
2.26 0.06 2.11 0.07 0.03
9.1 0.2 8.4 0.3 0.1
1.50 0.04 1.39 0.04 0.03
6.7 0.2 6.2 0.2 0.2
1.43 0.04 1.33 0.04 0.02
7.4 0.2 6.9 0.2 0.1
2.57 0.06 2.33 0.11 0.08
7.6 0.2 6.9 0.3 0.2
Retirement And Savings ................ Defined benefit plans ........................ Defined contribution plans ................
(4)
(5)
0.50
1.8
8.3 0.2 7.8 0.3 0.1
1.76 0.03 1.69 0.03
6.5 0.1 6.2 0.1
(4)
(5)
2.45 0.06 2.27 0.08 0.04
1.32 0.82 0.49
4.8 3.0 1.8
1.25 0.77 0.48
4.6 2.8 1.7
1.33 0.84 0.50
4.9 3.1 1.8
0.67 0.26 0.41
3.0 1.2 1.8
0.62 0.33 0.29
3.2 1.7 1.5
1.12 0.52 0.60
3.3 1.5 1.8
Legally Required Benefits .............. Social Security and Medicare ........... Social Security 6 ............................ Medicare ....................................... Federal unemployment insurance ..... State unemployment insurance ........ Workers’ compensation ....................
2.59 1.56 1.26 0.30 0.03 0.17 0.84
9.5 5.7 4.6 1.1 0.1 0.6 3.1
3.19 1.59 1.28 0.31 0.03 0.19 1.39
11.8 5.8 4.7 1.1 0.1 0.7 5.1
2.31 1.53 1.24 0.30 0.03 0.16 0.58
8.6 5.7 4.6 1.1 0.1 0.6 2.2
1.86 1.35 1.09 0.27 0.03 0.12 0.35
8.3 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.6
1.77 1.16 0.94 0.22 0.04 0.12 0.46
9.1 6.0 4.8 1.2 0.2 0.6 2.3
2.36 1.94 1.55 0.39 0.03 0.12 0.27
7.0 5.8 4.6 1.2 0.1 0.4 0.8
Other Benefits 7 ...............................
0.08
0.3
(4)
(5)
0.12
0.5
0.02
0.1
(4)
(5)
0.09
0.3
1Includes 2Includes
mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming and hunting sector is excluded. utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5Less than .05 percent. 6Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 7Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
321
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Table 6-5. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Major Industry Group, March 2004—Continued (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Service-providing 2 Compensation component
Financial activities Cost
Professional and business services
Percent
Cost
Percent
Education and health services Cost
Percent
Leisure and hospitality Cost
Percent
Other services Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION .........................................................
31.03
100.0
26.98
100.0
25.08
100.0
10.39
100.0
20.27
100.0
WAGES AND SALARIES ..........................................................
21.70
69.9
19.90
73.8
18.31
73.0
8.23
79.3
14.90
73.5
TOTAL BENEFITS .....................................................................
9.33
30.1
7.08
26.2
6.76
27.0
2.16
20.7
5.37
26.5
Paid Leave ................................................................................. Vacation pay ............................................................................... Holiday pay ................................................................................. Sick leave ................................................................................... Other leave pay ..........................................................................
2.21 1.07 0.75 0.29 0.10
7.1 3.5 2.4 0.9 0.3
1.86 0.88 0.67 0.23 0.08
6.9 3.3 2.5 0.9 0.3
1.83 0.91 0.59 0.25 0.07
7.3 3.6 2.4 1.0 0.3
0.32 0.17 0.10 0.04
3.1 1.7 1.0 0.4
(4)
(5)
1.28 0.60 0.45 0.19 0.04
6.3 3.0 2.2 0.9 0.2
Supplemental Pay ..................................................................... Overtime and premium pay 3 ...................................................... Shift differentials ......................................................................... Nonproduction bonuses ..............................................................
1.34 0.09
4.3 0.3 (5)
4.0
0.41 0.16 0.15 0.10
1.6 0.6 0.6 0.4
1.2 0.8
(4)
2.8 0.6 0.1 2.0
0.13 0.08
1.24
0.74 0.16 0.03 0.55
0.32 0.12 0.03 0.17
1.6 0.6 0.2 0.9
Insurance ................................................................................... Life insurance ............................................................................. Health insurance ......................................................................... Short-term disability .................................................................... Long-term disability ....................................................................
2.31 0.07 2.12 0.06 0.06
7.4 0.2 6.8 0.2 0.2
1.56 0.05 1.42 0.05 0.05
5.8 0.2 5.3 0.2 0.2
1.77 0.04 1.66 0.04 0.04
7.1 0.1 6.6 0.1 0.2
(4)
(5)
0.40
3.8
(4) (4)
(5) (5)
1.34 0.03 1.26 0.02 0.03
6.6 0.2 6.2 0.1 0.1
Retirement And Savings .......................................................... Defined benefit plans .................................................................. Defined contribution plans ..........................................................
1.26 0.47 0.80
4.1 1.5 2.6
0.75 0.28 0.47
2.8 1.0 1.8
0.72 0.16 0.55
2.9 0.7 2.2
0.10 0.03 0.08
1.0 0.3 0.7
0.59 0.20 0.39
2.9 1.0 1.9
Legally Required Benefits ....................................................... Social Security and Medicare ..................................................... Social Security 6 ..................................................................... Medicare ................................................................................. Federal unemployment insurance .............................................. State unemployment insurance .................................................. Workers’ compensation ..............................................................
2.11 1.72 1.36 0.37 0.03 0.13 0.22
6.8 5.6 4.4 1.2 0.1 0.4 0.7
2.13 1.63 1.30 0.33 0.03 0.15 0.32
7.9 6.0 4.8 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.2
2.02 1.54 1.24 0.30 0.03 0.12 0.34
8.1 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.1 0.5 1.3
1.18 0.78 0.63 0.15 0.04 0.10 0.26
11.4 7.5 6.1 1.4 0.4 1.0 2.5
1.83 1.24 1.00 0.24 0.03 0.13 0.43
9.0 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.2 0.6 2.1
Other Benefits 7 ........................................................................
0.10
0.3
0.03
0.1
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
0.04
0.4
0.42
4.0
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 2Includes
utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5Less than .05 percent. 6Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 7Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-6. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Census Area and Region, March 2004 (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Metropolitan area
Nonmetropolitan area
Compensation component Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION ....................
$26.29
$100.00
$20.80
$100.00
$23.26
$100.00
$24.54
$100.00
$23.66
$100.00
$19.00
$100.00
WAGES AND SALARIES .....................
18.49
70.4
15.08
72.5
16.53
71.1
17.58
71.6
16.93
71.6
13.30
70.0
TOTAL BENEFITS ................................
7.79
29.6
5.72
27.5
6.73
28.9
6.97
28.4
6.73
28.4
5.70
30.0
Paid Leave ............................................ Vacation ................................................ Holiday .................................................. Sick ........................................................ Other .....................................................
1.83 0.88 0.64 0.23 0.08
6.9 3.3 2.4 0.9 0.3
1.29 0.64 0.44 0.15 0.05
6.2 3.1 2.1 0.7 0.3
1.44 0.71 0.50 0.16 0.07
6.2 3.1 2.2 0.7 0.3
1.58 0.80 0.53 0.20 0.05
6.4 3.2 2.2 0.8 0.2
1.53 0.75 0.53 0.19 0.06
6.5 3.2 2.2 0.8 0.3
1.16 0.61 0.39 0.11 0.05
6.1 3.2 2.1 0.6 0.3
Supplemental Pay ............................... Overtime and Premium Pay 1 ................ Shift differentials .................................... Nonproduction bonuses ........................
0.92 0.22 0.06 0.64
3.5 0.8 0.2 2.4
0.52 0.22 0.05 0.26
2.5 1.1 0.2 1.2
0.71 0.28 0.07 0.35
3.0 1.2 0.3 1.5
0.57 0.24 0.05 0.28
2.3 1.0 0.2 1.2
0.67 0.23 0.06 0.38
2.8 1.0 0.2 1.6
0.56 0.30 0.07 0.18
2.9 1.6 0.4 1.0
Insurance ............................................. Life insurance ........................................ Health insurance ................................... Short-term disability ............................... Long-term disability ...............................
1.87 0.05 1.72 0.06 0.04
7.1 0.2 6.5 0.2 0.1
1.46 0.04 1.34 0.04 0.03
7.0 0.2 6.5 0.2 0.2
1.75 0.04 1.62 0.05 0.03
7.5 0.2 7.0 0.2 0.1
1.65 0.04 1.55 0.03 0.03
6.7 0.1 6.3 0.1 0.1
1.65 0.04 1.53 0.05 0.03
7.0 0.2 6.5 0.2 0.1
1.63 0.04 1.52 0.05 0.02
8.6 0.2 8.0 0.2 0.1
Retirement And Savings ..................... Defined benefit ...................................... Defined contribution ..............................
0.94 0.40 0.54
3.6 1.5 2.0
0.66 0.29 0.38
3.2 1.4 1.8
0.84 0.45 0.39
3.6 1.9 1.7
0.82 0.38 0.44
3.4 1.6 1.8
0.81 0.38 0.44
3.4 1.6 1.8
0.61 0.28 0.33
3.2 1.5 1.7
Legally Required Benefits .................. Social Security and Medicare ................ Social Security 2 .................................... Medicare ................................................ Federal unemployment insurance ......... State unemployment insurance ............. Workers’ compensation .........................
2.19 1.56 1.25 0.31 0.03 0.18 0.42
8.3 5.9 4.7 1.2 0.1 0.7 1.6
1.76 1.27 1.02 0.25 0.03 0.09 0.36
8.4 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.2 0.4 1.7
1.94 1.38 1.10 0.27 0.03 0.13 0.40
8.3 5.9 4.7 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.7
2.33 1.47 1.18 0.29 0.03 0.16 0.67
9.5 6.0 4.8 1.2 0.1 0.6 2.7
2.03 1.42 1.14 0.28 0.03 0.13 0.45
8.6 6.0 4.8 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.9
1.73 1.15 0.93 0.22 0.03 0.13 0.42
9.1 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.2 0.7 2.2
Other Benefits 3 ...................................
0.05
0.2
0.03
0.1
0.05
0.2
0.02
0.1
0.04
0.2
(4)
(5)
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as 2Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5Less than .05 percent.
overtime, weekends, and holidays).
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COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Table 6-7. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation, State and Local Government, by Major Occupational and Industry Group, March 2004 (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Occupational group 1
All workers Compensation component Cost
Percent
Management, professional, and related Cost
Percent
Industry group
Sales and office Cost
Service-providing 2
Service
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION ........................................
34.21
100.0
41.63
100.0
23.32
100.0
25.94
100.0
34.36
100.0
WAGES AND SALARIES .........................................
23.69
69.2
30.05
72.2
14.97
64.2
16.44
63.4
23.82
69.3
TOTAL BENEFITS ....................................................
10.52
30.8
11.59
27.8
8.35
35.8
9.50
36.6
10.53
30.7
Paid Leave ................................................................ Vacation pay .............................................................. Holiday pay ................................................................ Sick leave .................................................................. Other leave pay .........................................................
2.60 0.90 0.86 0.64 0.20
7.6 2.6 2.5 1.9 0.6
2.79 0.80 0.94 0.80 0.25
6.7 1.9 2.3 1.9 0.6
2.23 0.90 0.73 0.46 0.13
9.5 3.9 3.1 2.0 0.6
2.38 1.02 0.76 0.43 0.16
9.2 3.9 2.9 1.7 0.6
2.60 0.89 0.86 0.64 0.21
7.6 2.6 2.5 1.9 0.6
Supplemental Pay .................................................... Overtime and premium pay 3 ..................................... Shift pay ..................................................................... Nonproduction bonuses .............................................
0.30 0.14 0.06 0.10
0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3
0.18 0.04 0.05 0.10
0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2
0.16 0.07 0.02 0.07
0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3
0.61 0.32 0.14 0.16
2.3 1.2 0.5 0.6
0.30 0.13 0.06 0.10
0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3
Insurance .................................................................. Life insurance ............................................................ Health insurance ........................................................ Short-term disability ................................................... Long-term disability ...................................................
3.48 0.06 3.35 0.03 0.04
10.2 0.2 9.8 0.1 0.1
3.82 0.07 3.68 0.02 0.05
9.2 0.2 8.8 0.1 0.1
3.18 0.05 3.08 0.02 0.03
13.6 0.2 13.2 0.1 0.1
2.82 0.04 2.68 0.08 0.02
10.9 0.2 10.3 0.3 0.1
3.48 0.06 3.35 0.04 0.04
10.1 0.2 9.7 0.1 0.1
Retirement And Savings ......................................... Defined benefit plans ................................................. Defined contribution plans .........................................
2.07 1.83 0.25
6.1 5.3 0.7
2.43 2.11 0.32
5.8 5.1 0.8
1.27 1.11 0.15
5.4 4.8 0.7
2.00 1.86 0.13
7.7 7.2 0.5
2.08 1.83 0.25
6.1 5.3 0.7
Legally Required Benefits ...................................... Social Security and Medicare .................................... Social Security 4 .................................................... Medicare ................................................................ Federal unemployment insurance ............................. State unemployment insurance ................................. Workers’ compensation .............................................
2.02 1.57 1.21 0.36
5.9 4.6 3.5 1.0
2.31 1.95 1.50 0.45
5.6 4.7 3.6 1.1
1.48 1.14 0.90 0.24
6.4 4.9 3.9 1.0
1.64 1.02 0.77 0.25
6.3 3.9 3.0 1.0
2.02 1.58 1.22 0.36
5.9 4.6 3.5 1.1
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
0.06 0.39
0.2 1.1
0.05 0.31
0.1 0.8
0.05 0.29
0.2 1.2
0.07 0.55
0.3 2.1
0.06 0.39
0.2 1.1
Other Benefits 7 .......................................................
0.05
0.2
0.06
0.1
0.03
0.1
0.05
0.2
0.05
0.2
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 1This
table presents data for the three major occupational groups in state and local government: management, professional, and related occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters. 2Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the state and local government workforce. 3Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 5Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6Less than .05 percent. 7Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-8. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: State and Local Government Workers, by Occupational and Industry Workers, March 2004 (Dollars, percent of total compensation.) Cost per hour worked by year Series
State and local government workers .......................................
Total compensation
Wages and Salaries
34.21
23.69
41.63 41.36 46.41 45.08 23.32 23.31 25.94
Supplemental pay
10.52
2.60
0.30
3.48
2.07
2.02
0.05
30.05 30.17 34.69 33.47 14.97 14.97 16.44
11.59 11.19 11.73 11.61 8.35 8.35 9.50
2.79 2.49 2.37 2.35 2.23 2.22 2.38
0.18 0.18 0.10 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.61
3.82 3.77 3.87 4.08 3.18 3.18 2.82
2.43 2.39 2.84 2.66 1.27 1.27 2.00
2.31 2.29 2.48 2.33 1.48 1.48 1.64
0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.05
36.08 36.76 35.96 39.37 31.51 28.80 31.39
25.95 26.62 26.13 28.27 21.45 19.19 20.25
10.13 10.14 9.83 11.10 10.06 9.61 11.15
2.37 2.27 2.03 2.98 3.06 2.90 2.98
0.20 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.68 0.70 0.46
3.46 3.54 3.69 3.14 2.93 2.69 3.47
2.02 2.12 2.00 2.52 1.32 1.26 2.24
2.02 2.02 1.94 2.28 2.04 2.01 1.93
0.05 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.06
100.00
69.20
30.80
7.60
0.90
10.20
6.10
5.90
0.20
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
72.20 72.90 74.70 74.20 64.20 64.20 63.40
27.80 27.10 25.30 25.80 35.80 35.80 36.60
6.70 6.00 5.10 5.20 9.50 9.50 9.20
0.40 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.70 0.70 2.30
9.20 9.10 8.30 9.10 13.60 13.60 10.90
5.80 5.80 6.10 5.90 5.40 5.50 7.70
5.60 5.50 5.30 5.20 6.40 6.30 6.30
0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
71.90 72.40 72.70 71.80 68.10 66.60 64.50
28.10 27.60 27.30 28.20 31.90 33.40 35.50
6.60 6.20 5.60 7.60 9.70 10.10 9.50
0.50 0.30 0.30 0.40 2.10 2.40 1.50
9.60 9.60 10.30 8.00 9.30 9.30 11.10
5.60 5.80 5.50 6.40 4.20 4.40 7.10
5.60 5.50 5.40 5.80 6.50 7.00 6.10
0.10 0.10 0.20
Insurance
Retirement and savings
Legally required benefits
Paid Leave
Total
Other benefits 1
Occupational Group Management, professional, and related .................................. Professional and related .......................................................... Teachers2 ................................................................................ Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers ... Sales and office ....................................................................... Office and administrative support ............................................ Service ..................................................................................... Industry and Health Services Education and health services ................................................. Educational services ................................................................ Elementary and secondary schools ......................................... Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ............................... Health care and social assistance ........................................... Hospitals .................................................................................. Public administration ................................................................
(3)
Percent of Total Compensation State and local government workers ....................................... Occupational Group Management, professional, and related .................................. Professional and related .......................................................... Teachers2 ................................................................................ Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers ... Sales and office ....................................................................... Office and administrative support ............................................ Service ..................................................................................... Industry Group Education and health services ................................................. Educational services ................................................................ Elementary and secondary schools ......................................... Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ............................... Health care and social assistance ........................................... Hospitals .................................................................................. Public administration ................................................................
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education 3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 4Less than .05 percent.
teachers; and other teachers and instructors.
(4)
0.10 0.20 0.20
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SURVEY NOTE: The Employee Benefits Survey is now part of the National Compensation Survey (NCS), which also includes the Employment Cost Index. The statistics in this chapter represent a transitional step in the integration of data on employee benefits into the NCS. The tables contain data on all workers in private industry for 1999 and 2000, and March 2003. The intervening years are not available. Prior to 1999, surveys of different sectors of the economy were conducted in alternating years; medium and large private establishments were studied during odd years, and small private establishments during even years. Since those surveys have been replaced by the new survey the tables previously presented in this handbook have been discontinued. In the future, the data for all private workers will be collected and published annually. Definition of Survey Terms Incidence refers to different methods of computing the number or percentage of employees that receive a benefit plan or specific benefit feature. Access to a benefit is determined on an occupational basis within an establishment; either all employees or no employees in an occupation in an establishment have the benefit available to them. The benefits published in Table 5–10 refer to employee access. Participation refers to the proportion of employees covered by a benefit. There will be cases where employees
with access to a plan will not participate. For example, some employees may decline to participate in a health insurance plan if there is an employee cost involved. The benefits published in Table 5–9 refer to employee participation. For a listing of selected benefit definitions, see Glossary of Compensation Terms, U.S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, August 1998, Report 923. Survey Scope The 2000 NCS benefits incidence survey obtained data from 1,436 private industry establishments, representing over 107 million workers; of this number, nearly 86 million were full-time workers and the remainder—nearly 22 million—were part-time workers. The NCS uses the establishment’s definition of full- and part-time status. For purposes of this survey, an establishment is an economic unit that produces goods or services, a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. For private industries, the establishment is usually at a single physical location. Sources of Additional Information For a listing of selected benefit definitions, see Glossary of Compensation Terms, BLS, August 1998, Report 923. Additional data and further information on methodology and sampling are available in BLS Bulletin 2555, January 2003. The NCS was described in an article in the fifth edition of this Handbook.
327
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Table 6-9. Percent of Workers that are Participating in or Have Access to Selected Benefits, March 2003 (Percent.) Worker characteristic1 Benefit program
Total employees
White– collar occupations
Blue–collar occupations
Service occupations
Establishment characteristic
Full–time
Part–time
Union
Nonunion
Goods– producing
Service– producing
1–99 workers
100 workers or more
PARTICIPATING IN SELECTED BENEFITS Retirement Benefits All ............................................................... Defined benefit ......................................... Defined contribution ..................................
49 20 40
59 22 51
50 24 38
21 7 16
58 24 48
18 8 14
83 72 39
45 15 40
63 31 49
45 16 37
35 8 31
65 33 51
Health Care Benefits Medical care ............................................. Dental care ............................................... Vision care ................................................ Plan type not available .............................
45 32 19 8
50 37 21 8
51 33 20 10
22 15 9 3
56 40 23 9
9 6 5 3
60 51 37 23
44 30 17 7
57 42 25 12
42 29 17 7
36 21 11 6
55 44 27 10
Insurance and Disability Life insurance ........................................... Short-term disability .................................. Long-term disability ..................................
47 37 28
54 40 40
50 44 20
25 20 10
59 45 36
9 12 4
61 68 27
46 34 29
58 54 29
44 32 28
33 26 18
64 50 40
Selected Leave Benefits Paid holidays ............................................ Paid vacations ........................................... Paid jury duty ............................................ Paid military leave ....................................
79 79 70 50
86 84 79 59
85 84 69 46
54 61 46 34
91 91 77 56
43 40 45 33
91 90 85 56
78 78 68 50
90 87 76 56
76 77 68 48
74 73 57 38
86 87 84 64
Employer Assistance for Child Care Total .......................................................... Employer provided funds ........................... On-site and off-site child care .................... Child care resource and referral ................ Adoption assistance ..................................
18 3 5 10 9
26 5 7 15 13
10 1 2 6 6
10 2 4 5 2
21 4 5 12 10
11 2 4 5 5
25 3 7 15 13
18 3 5 10 9
16 3 2 11 9
19 3 6 10 9
7 2 2 3 3
32 5 8 19 16
Other Benefits Long-term care insurance .......................... Flexible work place .................................... Employer provided home PC ..................... Subsidized commuting ..............................
11 4 2 5
16 6 3 7
7 1 1 4
4 1 1 2
13 4 3 6
4 3 1 2
16 3 2 8
11 4 2 5
11 3 3 5
11 4 2 5
3 2 1 2
20 5 3 9
ACCESS TO SELECTED BENEFITS
1Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining.
328
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-10. Medical Care Benefits: Percent of Participants Required to Contribute and Average Employee Contribution, Private Industry, March 2003 (Percent, dollars.) Worker characteristic1 Benefit program
Single Coverage Employee contributions not required ......... Employee contributions required ............... Average flat monthly contribution in dollars .................................................... Family Coverage Employee contributions not required ......... Employee contributions required ............... Average flat monthly contribution in dollars ....................................................
1Employees
Total employees
White– collar occupations
Blue–collar occupations
Service occupations
Establishment characteristic
Full–time
Part–time
Union
Nonunion
Goods– producing
Service– producing
1–99 workers
100 workers or more
22 78
20 80
27 73
... ...
22 78
... ...
41 59
... ...
22 78
23 77
28 72
18 82
60.24
61.95
55.22
...
59.63
...
49.40
...
50.87
64.15
66.63
56.03
10 90
8 92
13 87
... ...
10 90
... ...
31 69
... ...
13 87
9 91
13 87
8 92
228.98
236.17
208.18
...
227.52
...
174.60
...
190.81
244.08
263.24
204.52
are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. . . . = Not available.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
329
Table 6-11. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours by Selected Characteristics, Private Industry and State and Local Government, National Compensation Survey, 1 July 2003 (Dollars, numbers.) Total Worker and establishment characteristics and geographic areas
TOTAL .....................................................................................
Mean hourly earnings
Private
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
State and local government
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
17.75
35.7
16.98
35.5
22.22
36.8
Worker White–collar occupations ......................................................... Professional specialty and technical .................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial .......................... Sales .................................................................................... Administrative support .........................................................
21.85 28.37 32.20 15.05 13.77
36.1 36.2 40.0 32.4 36.3
21.12 27.73 32.60 15.05 13.69
36.0 36.3 40.2 32.4 36.3
25.09 29.80 30.06 13.58 14.17
36.6 36.1 38.5 33.9 36.7
Blue–collar occupations .......................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair ................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................. Transportation and material moving .................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... Service occupations .............................................................
15.03 18.89 13.30 14.78 11.27 10.40
38.0 39.6 39.1 37.5 35.0 31.5
14.91 18.84 13.29 14.66 11.09 8.90
38.0 39.5 39.1 37.9 34.9 30.4
17.11 19.52 16.52 15.96 14.22 16.70
37.6 39.8 38.5 34.1 38.7 37.1
Full–time .................................................................................. Part–time .................................................................................
18.79 9.93
39.6 20.5
18.07 9.56
39.7 20.5
22.62 15.12
38.8 19.2
Union ....................................................................................... Nonunion .................................................................................
21.45 16.96
36.9 35.4
19.52 16.63
36.9 35.3
24.22 20.29
36.8 36.8
Time ......................................................................................... Incentive ..................................................................................
17.45 22.82
35.6 36.9
16.57 22.82
35.4 36.9
22.22 ...
36.8 ...
Establishment characteristics Goods producing ..................................................................... Service producing ....................................................................
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
18.46 16.44
39.5 34.2
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
1 to 99 workers 4 ...................................................................... 100 to 499 workers .................................................................. 500 to 999 workers .................................................................. 1000 to 2499 workers .............................................................. 2500 workers or more ..............................................................
15.06 17.20 19.48 20.99 24.09
34.5 36.4 36.9 36.6 36.9
15.03 16.78 18.57 20.71 24.99
34.5 36.4 37.1 36.6 36.4
17.32 20.67 22.56 21.73 23.23
36.5 35.7 36.1 36.6 37.5
Geographic areas Metropolitan ............................................................................. Nonmetropolitan ......................................................................
18.29 14.17
35.6 36.2
17.54 12.99
35.4 36.0
23.09 18.56
36.8 37.0
New England ........................................................................... Middle Atlantic ......................................................................... East North Central ................................................................... West North Central .................................................................. South Atlantic ...........................................................................
19.55 20.03 17.97 17.03 16.46
34.3 34.9 35.5 35.1 36.2
18.70 19.08 17.16 16.30 15.88
34.1 34.8 35.4 34.7 35.8
25.45 25.53 23.33 21.09 19.34
35.6 35.6 36.0 37.4 38.2
East South Central ................................................................... West South Central .................................................................. Mountain .................................................................................. Pacific ......................................................................................
14.45 15.75 16.63 20.12
36.2 36.6 35.8 35.8
13.97 15.22 15.65 19.11
36.1 36.3 35.6 35.8
18.34 18.52 22.34 25.76
36.9 38.4 37.2 35.6
characteristics 2
1This survey covers all 50 states. Collection 2Employees are classified as working either
was conducted between December 2002 and January 2004. The average reference period was July 2003. a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 3Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing industries applies to private industry only. 4Estimates include private establishments employing 1 to 99 workers and state and local government establishments employing 50 to 99 workers. . . . = Not available.
330
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-12. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Characteristics, Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas,1 National Compensation Survey,2 July 2003 Total Occupation
Mean hourly earnings
Metropolitan areas
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Nonmetropolitan areas
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
TOTAL .................................................................................
17.75
35.7
18.29
35.6
14.17
36.2
Private industry .................................................................... State and local government .................................................
16.98 22.22
35.5 36.8
17.54 23.09
35.4 36.8
12.99 18.56
36.0 37.0
Worker characteristics3 White–collar occupations ..................................................... Professional specialty and technical ................................ Executive, administrative, and managerial ...................... Sales ................................................................................ Administrative support .....................................................
21.85 28.37 32.20 15.05 13.77
36.1 36.2 40.0 32.4 36.3
22.32 29.05 32.76 15.47 14.02
36.1 36.2 40.0 32.3 36.3
17.70 23.19 25.87 11.08 11.62
36.1 36.1 39.8 33.2 36.5
Blue–collar occupations ...................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair ............................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ............. Transportation and material moving ................................ Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... Service occupations ........................................................
15.03 18.89 13.30 14.78 11.27 10.40
38.0 39.6 39.1 37.5 35.0 31.5
15.30 19.30 13.42 14.89 11.46 10.68
37.8 39.5 39.0 37.4 34.8 31.1
13.60 16.43 12.82 14.17 10.18 9.10
38.7 39.8 39.4 38.2 36.4 33.2
Full–time .............................................................................. Part–time .............................................................................
18.79 9.93
39.6 20.5
19.41 10.07
39.5 20.4
14.78 8.91
39.7 20.7
Union ................................................................................... Nonunion .............................................................................
21.45 16.96
36.9 35.4
21.89 17.51
36.7 35.3
18.06 13.47
37.9 35.9
Time ..................................................................................... Incentive ..............................................................................
17.45 22.82
35.6 36.9
17.97 23.52
35.5 36.5
14.08 16.40
36.1 40.4
Establishment characteristics Goods producing4 ................................................................ Service producing4 ..............................................................
18.46 16.44
39.5 34.2
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1 to 99 workers5 .................................................................. 100 to 499 workers .............................................................. 500 to 999 workers .............................................................. 1000 to 2499 workers .......................................................... 2500 workers or more ..........................................................
15.06 17.20 19.48 20.99 24.09
34.5 36.4 36.9 36.6 36.9
15.38 17.74 20.26 21.97 24.63
34.5 36.3 36.6 36.4 36.8
12.58 14.62 16.48 15.88 13.74
34.2 36.9 38.1 38.1 40.1
Geographic areas New England ....................................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................................... East North Central ............................................................... West North Central .............................................................. South Atlantic ......................................................................
19.55 20.03 17.97 17.03 16.46
34.3 34.9 35.5 35.1 36.2
20.10 20.24 18.40 17.98 16.92
34.3 34.9 35.5 35.1 36.1
14.80 16.15 15.16 13.64 13.55
34.1 35.3 35.6 35.2 36.8
East Sount Central .............................................................. West South Central ............................................................. Mountain .............................................................................. Pacific ..................................................................................
14.45 15.75 16.63 20.12
36.2 36.6 35.8 35.8
15.57 16.04 16.77 20.35
35.0 36.7 35.8 35.8
12.43 13.77 15.95 16.08
38.6 36.2 35.8 34.6
1A
metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, 1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. 2This survey covers all 50 states. Collection was conducted between December 2002 and January 2004. The average reference period was July 2003. 3Employees are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 4Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing industries applies to private industry only. 5Estimates include private establishments employing 1 to 99 workers and state and local government establishments employing 50 to 99 workers. . . . = Not available.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
331
Table 6-13. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Occupations, Full-Time and Part-Time Workers1 National Compensation Survey,2 July 2003 Total Occupation
Mean hourly earnings
Full-time
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Part-time
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
ALL OCCUPATIONS ......................................................... All, excluding sales .........................................................
17.75 18.02
35.7 36.0
18.79 18.89
39.6 39.5
9.93 10.48
20.5 20.4
White-collar occupations ......................................... White collar, excluding sales .................................. Professional specialty and technical ................... Professional specialty ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ......... Executives, administrators, and managers ..... Sales .................................................................... Administrative support, including clerical .............
21.85 23.33 28.37 30.60 32.20 35.92 15.05 13.77
36.1 37.0 36.2 36.3 40.0 40.5 32.4 36.3
22.92 23.84 28.74 30.94 32.33 36.02 17.56 14.07
39.5 39.4 38.9 38.9 40.5 40.8 40.1 39.3
12.34 16.15 23.16 25.24 21.78 21.39 7.83 10.94
20.3 19.8 18.2 17.5 19.6 18.3 20.8 21.1
Blue-collar occupations ............................................ Precision production, craft, and repair ..................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .... Transportation and material moving ........................ Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .............................................................. Service .....................................................................
15.03 18.89 13.30 14.78
38.0 39.6 39.1 37.5
15.38 18.97 13.42 15.18
40.0 40.0 39.8 40.9
9.71 12.77 8.80 10.81
21.4 21.4 23.3 20.6
11.27 10.40
35.0 31.5
11.69 11.47
39.7 38.8
9.01 7.30
21.4 20.3
1Total
includes full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2This survey covers all 50 states. Collection was conducted between December 2002 and January 2004. The average reference period was July 2003.
PART SEVEN PRICES
PRICES HIGHLIGHTS This chapter covers one of the most important indicators of the state of the economy, the movement of prices. Three price indexes are covered: prices received by producers (PPI), prices paid by consumers (CPI) and prices involved in foreign trade, export, and import price indexes.
Percentage Change in Producer and Consumer Price Indexes, 1993–2003 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Producer Price Index: Finished consumer goods Consumer Price Index: All items less shelter
The Producer Price Index (PPI) for finished consumer goods rose 4.2 percent, almost twice as fast as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all items less shelter at 2.2 percent. (The producer price index has no shelter component.) The movement of both indexes reversed the declining trend of increases of the two previous years. (Table 7-1 for PPI and 7-5 for CPI) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The PPI for both components of finished goods rose in 2003 after declining slightly in 2002. Indexes for finished consumer goods rose 3.2 percent and capital equipment rose slightly. (Table 7-1) • The PPI for all commodities rose 5.3 percent, also after a decline in 2002, much of it a result of an increase of 21.1 percent in fuels and related products and power. Even if the 2002 decline is ignored, the change from 2001 was 7.2 percent. There were other unusual increases. Prices for chemicals and related products rose considerably, 6.5 percent after three years of relative stability. Prices of farm products also rose rapidly, 12.6 percent. (Table 7-2) • The CPI continued to increase modestly at 2.3 percent. The increase of 4.0 percent in medical care prices was noticeable. Prices of apparel declined and an increase in transportation prices of 3.1 percent included a motor fuel increase of 16 percent. (Table 7-4) • Both import and export prices increased marginally from December 2002 to December 2003. (Table 7-12 and Table 7-13)
335
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS
PRODUCER PRICE INDEX Coverage The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers of goods and services. Most of the information used in calculating the indexes is obtained through the systematic sampling of nearly every industry in the manufacturing and mining sectors of the economy. The PPI program also includes data from other sectors—agriculture, fishing, forestry, services, and gas and electricity. Because producer price indexes are designed to measure only the change in prices received for the output of domestic industries, imports are not included. The sample currently contains about 80,000 price quotations per month. Producer price indexes are based on selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection proportionate to size. Individual items and transaction terms from these firms are also chosen by probability proportionate to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction prices at the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices are normally reported monthly by mail questionnaire for the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th. Price data are always provided on a voluntary and confidential basis; only BLS employees, sworn to secrecy, are allowed access to individual company price reports. The Bureau publishes price indexes instead of unit dollar prices. All producer price indexes are routinely subject to revision once, four months after original publication, to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents. There are three primary systems of indexes within the PPI program: (1) stage-of-processing indexes; (2) indexes for the net output of industries and their products; and (3) commodity indexes. The commodity-based stage-ofprocessing structure organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication. The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes for the net output of industries and their products. The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end-use or material composition. Within the commodity stage-of-processing system, finished goods are commodities that will not undergo further processing and are ready for sale to the final demand user, either an individual consumer or a business firm. Consumer foods include unprocessed foods, such as eggs and fresh vegetables, as well as processed foods, such as bakery products and meats. Other finished consumer goods include durable goods, such as automobiles, household furniture, and appliances; and nondurable
goods, such as apparel and home heating oil. Capital equipment includes producer durable goods, such as heavy motor trucks, tractors, and machine tools. The stage-of-processing category for intermediate materials, supplies, and components consists partly of commodities that have been processed but require further processing. Examples of such semi-finished goods include flour, cotton, yarn, steel mill products, and lumber. The intermediate goods category also encompasses physically complete nondurable goods purchased by business firms as inputs for their operations. Examples include diesel fuel, belts and belting, paper boxes, and fertilizers. Crude materials for further processing are products entering the market for the first time that have not been manufactured or fabricated and that are not sold directly to consumers. Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs include items such as grains and livestock. Examples of crude nonfood materials include raw cotton, crude petroleum, coal, hides and skins, and iron and steel scrap. Producer price indexes for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and the Census product code extensions of the SIC. Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic time series organized by SIC codes, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity. Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output values refer to the value of shipments from establishments in one industry shipped to establishments classified in another industry. However, weights for commodity price indexes are based on gross shipment values, including shipment values between establishments within the same industry. As a result, commodity aggregate indexes, such as the all commodities index, are affected by the multiple counting of price change at successive stages of processing, which can lead to exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. Stage-of-processing indexes partially correct this defect, but industry indexes consistently correct this weakness at all levels of aggregation. Therefore, industry and stage-ofprocessing indexes are more appropriate than commodity aggregate indexes for economic analysis of general price trends. Weights for most traditional commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as all indexes calculated from traditional commodity groupings (such as stage-of-processing indexes), currently reflect 1992 values of shipments as reported in the Census of Manufactures and other sources. Major industry group indexes, which are based on the SIC system, are currently calculated using 1992 net output weights. BLS is in the process of updating weights to take effect in 2002. The source data will be the most recent data from the Census of Manufactures and the Bureau of
PRICES
Economic Analysis. The new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is scheduled to be introduced in the PPI in 2004. Sources of Additional Information Additional information is published monthly by the BLS in the Producer Price Index Detailed Report. For information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer Price Index, see Chapter 14 in the BLS Handbook of Methods available on the BLS Web site.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-1. Producer Price Indexes by Stage of Processing, 1947–2003 (1982 = 100.) Crude materials for further processing
Year Total
Nonfood Foodmaterials, stuffs and except feedstuffs fuel
Fuel
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components
Total
Materials and components for construction
CompoPronents for cessed manufac- fuels and turing lubricants
Finished goods
Containers
Supplies
Total
Consumer goods
Capital equipment
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
31.7 34.7 30.1
45.1 48.8 40.5
24.0 26.7 24.3
7.5 8.9 8.8
23.3 25.2 24.2
22.5 24.9 24.9
21.3 23.0 23.4
14.4 16.4 14.9
23.4 24.4 24.5
28.5 29.8 28.0
26.4 28.5 27.7
28.6 30.8 29.4
19.8 21.6 22.7
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
32.7 37.6 34.5 31.9 31.6
43.4 50.2 47.3 42.3 42.3
27.8 32.0 27.8 26.6 26.1
8.8 9.0 9.0 9.3 8.9
25.3 28.4 27.5 27.7 27.9
26.2 28.7 28.5 29.0 29.1
24.3 27.6 27.6 28.1 28.3
15.2 15.9 15.7 15.8 15.8
25.2 29.6 28.0 28.0 28.5
29.0 32.6 32.6 31.0 31.7
28.2 30.8 30.6 30.3 30.4
29.9 32.7 32.3 31.7 31.7
23.2 25.5 25.9 26.3 26.7
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
30.4 30.6 31.2 31.9 31.1
38.4 37.6 39.2 41.6 38.8
27.5 28.6 28.2 27.1 28.1
8.9 9.5 10.1 10.2 10.4
28.4 29.6 30.3 30.4 30.8
30.3 31.8 32.0 32.0 32.9
29.5 32.2 33.5 33.8 34.2
15.8 16.3 17.2 16.2 16.2
28.9 31.0 32.4 33.2 33.0
31.2 32.0 32.3 33.1 33.5
30.5 31.3 32.5 33.2 33.1
31.5 32.0 32.9 33.6 33.3
27.4 29.5 31.3 32.1 32.7
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
30.4 30.2 30.5 29.9 29.6
38.4 37.9 38.6 37.5 36.6
26.9 27.2 27.1 26.7 27.2
10.5 10.5 10.4 10.5 10.5
30.8 30.6 30.6 30.7 30.8
32.7 32.2 32.1 32.2 32.5
34.0 33.7 33.4 33.4 33.7
16.6 16.8 16.7 16.6 16.2
33.4 33.2 33.6 33.2 32.9
33.3 33.7 34.5 35.0 34.7
33.4 33.4 33.5 33.4 33.5
33.6 33.6 33.7 33.5 33.6
32.8 32.9 33.0 33.1 33.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
31.1 33.1 31.3 31.8 33.9
39.2 42.7 40.3 40.9 44.1
27.7 28.3 26.5 27.1 28.4
10.6 10.9 11.3 11.5 12.0
31.2 32.0 32.2 33.0 34.1
32.8 33.6 34.0 35.7 37.7
34.2 35.4 36.5 37.3 38.5
16.5 16.8 16.9 16.5 16.6
33.5 34.5 35.0 35.9 37.2
35.0 36.5 36.8 37.1 37.8
34.1 35.2 35.6 36.6 38.0
34.2 35.4 35.6 36.5 37.9
33.8 34.6 35.8 37.0 38.3
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
35.2 36.0 39.9 54.5 61.4
45.2 46.1 51.5 72.6 76.4
29.1 29.4 32.3 42.9 54.5
13.8 15.7 16.8 18.6 24.8
35.4 36.8 38.2 42.4 52.5
38.3 40.8 43.0 46.5 55.0
40.6 41.9 42.9 44.3 51.1
17.7 19.5 20.1 22.2 33.6
39.0 40.8 42.7 45.2 53.3
39.7 40.8 42.5 51.7 56.8
39.3 40.5 41.8 45.6 52.6
39.1 40.2 41.5 46.0 53.1
40.1 41.7 42.8 44.2 50.5
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
61.6 63.4 65.5 73.4 85.9
77.4 76.8 77.5 87.3 100.0
50.0 54.9 56.3 61.9 75.5
30.6 34.5 42.0 48.2 57.3
58.0 60.9 64.9 69.5 78.4
60.1 64.1 69.3 76.5 84.2
57.8 60.8 64.5 69.2 75.8
39.4 42.3 47.7 49.9 61.6
60.0 63.1 65.9 71.0 79.4
61.8 65.8 69.3 72.9 80.2
58.2 60.8 64.7 69.8 77.6
58.2 60.4 64.3 69.4 77.5
58.2 62.1 66.1 71.3 77.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
95.3 103.0 100.0 101.3 103.5
104.6 103.9 100.0 101.8 104.7
91.8 109.8 100.0 98.8 101.0
69.4 84.8 100.0 105.1 105.1
90.3 98.6 100.0 100.6 103.1
91.3 97.9 100.0 102.8 105.6
84.6 94.7 100.0 102.4 105.0
85.0 100.6 100.0 95.4 95.7
89.1 96.7 100.0 100.4 105.9
89.9 96.9 100.0 101.8 104.1
88.0 96.1 100.0 101.6 103.7
88.6 96.6 100.0 101.3 103.3
85.8 94.6 100.0 102.8 105.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
95.8 87.7 93.7 96.0 103.1
94.8 93.2 96.2 106.1 111.2
94.3 76.0 88.5 85.9 95.8
102.7 92.2 84.1 82.1 85.3
102.7 99.1 101.5 107.1 112.0
107.3 108.1 109.8 116.1 121.3
106.4 107.5 108.8 112.3 116.4
92.8 72.7 73.3 71.2 76.4
109.0 110.3 114.5 120.1 125.4
104.4 105.6 107.7 113.7 118.1
104.7 103.2 105.4 108.0 113.6
103.8 101.4 103.6 106.2 112.1
107.5 109.7 111.7 114.3 118.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
108.9 101.2 100.4 102.4 101.8
113.1 105.5 105.1 108.4 106.5
107.3 97.5 94.2 94.1 97.0
84.8 82.9 84.0 87.1 82.4
114.5 114.4 114.7 116.2 118.5
122.9 124.5 126.5 132.0 136.6
119.0 121.0 122.0 123.0 124.3
85.9 85.3 84.5 84.7 83.1
127.7 128.1 127.7 126.4 129.7
119.4 121.4 122.7 125.0 127.0
119.2 121.7 123.2 124.7 125.5
118.2 120.5 121.7 123.0 123.3
122.9 126.7 129.1 131.4 134.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102.7 113.8 111.1 96.8 98.2
105.8 121.5 112.2 103.9 98.7
105.8 105.7 103.5 84.5 91.1
72.1 92.6 101.3 86.7 91.2
124.9 125.7 125.6 123.0 123.2
142.1 143.6 146.5 146.8 148.9
126.5 126.9 126.4 125.9 125.7
84.2 90.0 89.3 81.1 84.6
148.8 141.1 136.0 140.8 142.5
132.1 135.9 135.9 134.8 134.2
127.9 131.3 131.8 130.7 133.0
125.6 129.5 130.2 128.9 132.0
136.7 138.3 138.2 137.6 137.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
120.6 121.0 108.1 135.3
100.2 106.1 99.5 113.5
118.0 101.5 101.0 116.9
136.9 151.4 117.3 185.7
129.2 129.7 127.8 133.7
150.7 150.6 151.3 153.6
126.2 126.4 126.1 125.9
102.0 104.5 96.3 112.6
151.6 153.1 152.1 153.7
136.9 138.7 138.9 141.5
138.0 140.7 138.9 143.3
138.2 141.5 139.4 145.3
138.8 139.7 139.1 139.5
339
PRICES
Table 7-2. Producer Price Indexes by Commodity Groups, 1913–2003 (1982 = 100.) Industrial commodities
Year
All commodities
Farm products
Processed foods and feeds
Total
Hides, Textile leather, prodand ucts related and prodapparel ucts
Fuels and Chemi- Rubber Lumber related cals and and and prodrelated plastics wood ucts prodprodprodand ucts ucts ucts power
Pulp, paper, and allied products
Metals and metal products
FurniNonmeMachin- ture and tallic ery and housemineral hold equipproddurament ucts bles
Transportation equipment
Miscellaneous products
1913 ...................... 1914 ......................
12.0 11.8
18.0 17.9
... ...
11.9 11.3
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
12.0 14.7 20.2 22.6 23.9
18.0 21.3 32.6 37.4 39.8
... ... ... ... ...
11.6 15.0 19.5 21.1 22.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
26.6 16.8 16.7 17.3 16.9
38.0 22.3 23.7 24.9 25.2
... ... ... ... ...
27.4 17.8 17.4 17.8 17.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
17.8 17.2 16.5 16.7 16.4
27.7 25.3 25.1 26.7 26.4
... ... ... ... ...
17.5 17.0 16.0 15.8 15.6
... ... ... ... ...
... 17.1 18.4 20.7 18.6
... 10.3 9.1 8.7 8.6
... ... ... ... ...
... 47.1 35.7 28.3 24.6
... 9.3 8.8 8.5 8.8
... ... ... ... ...
... 13.7 12.9 12.9 13.3
... ... ... ... ...
... 28.6 27.9 27.2 27.0
... 16.4 15.7 16.2 16.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
14.9 12.6 11.2 11.4 12.9
22.4 16.4 12.2 13.0 16.5
... ... ... ... ...
14.5 12.8 11.9 12.1 13.3
... ... ... ... ...
17.1 14.7 12.5 13.8 14.8
8.1 7.0 7.3 6.9 7.6
... ... ... 16.2 17.0
21.5 18.3 15.9 16.7 19.5
8.0 6.5 5.6 6.7 7.8
... ... ... ... ...
12.0 10.8 9.9 10.2 11.2
... ... ... ... ...
26.5 24.4 21.5 21.6 23.4
15.9 14.9 13.9 14.7 15.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
13.8 13.9 14.9 13.5 13.3
19.8 20.4 21.8 17.3 16.5
... ... ... ... ...
13.3 13.5 14.5 13.9 13.9
... ... ... ... ...
15.3 16.3 17.9 15.8 16.3
7.6 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.5
17.7 17.8 18.6 17.7 17.6
19.6 21.1 24.9 24.4 25.4
7.5 7.9 9.3 8.5 8.7
... ... ... ... ...
11.2 11.4 13.1 12.6 12.5
... ... ... ... 14.8
23.2 23.6 26.1 25.5 25.4
15.7 15.8 16.1 15.6 15.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
13.5 15.1 17.0 17.8 17.9
17.1 20.8 26.7 30.9 31.2
... ... ... ... ...
14.1 15.1 16.2 16.5 16.7
... ... ... ... ...
17.2 18.4 20.1 20.1 19.9
7.4 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.6
17.9 19.5 21.7 21.9 22.2
23.7 25.5 29.7 30.5 30.1
9.6 11.5 12.5 13.2 14.3
... ... ... ... ...
12.5 12.8 13.0 12.9 12.9
14.9 15.1 15.4 15.2 15.1
26.0 27.6 29.9 29.7 30.5
15.3 15.7 16.3 16.4 16.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
18.2 20.8 25.6 27.7 26.3
32.4 37.5 45.1 48.5 41.9
... ... 33.0 35.3 32.1
17.0 18.6 22.7 24.6 24.1
... ... 50.6 52.8 48.3
20.1 23.3 31.7 32.1 30.4
8.7 9.3 11.1 13.1 12.4
22.3 24.1 32.1 32.8 30.0
29.2 29.3 29.2 30.2 29.2
14.5 16.6 25.8 29.5 27.3
... ... 25.1 26.2 25.1
13.1 14.7 18.2 20.7 20.9
15.1 16.6 19.3 20.9 21.9
30.5 32.4 37.2 39.4 40.1
17.4 18.5 20.7 22.4 23.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... 26.6 27.7 28.2
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
27.3 30.4 29.6 29.2 29.3
44.0 51.2 48.4 43.8 43.2
33.2 36.9 36.4 34.8 35.4
25.0 27.6 26.9 27.2 27.2
50.2 56.0 50.5 49.3 48.2
32.9 37.7 30.5 31.0 29.5
12.6 13.0 13.0 13.4 13.2
30.4 34.8 33.0 33.4 33.8
35.6 43.7 39.6 36.9 37.5
31.4 34.1 33.2 33.1 32.5
25.7 30.5 29.7 29.6 29.6
22.0 24.5 24.5 25.3 25.5
22.6 25.3 25.3 25.9 26.3
40.9 44.4 43.5 44.4 44.9
23.5 25.0 25.0 26.0 26.6
... ... ... ... ...
28.6 30.3 30.2 31.0 31.3
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
29.3 30.3 31.2 31.6 31.7
40.5 40.0 41.1 42.9 40.2
33.8 33.8 34.8 36.5 35.6
27.8 29.1 29.9 30.0 30.5
48.2 48.2 48.3 47.4 48.1
29.4 31.2 31.2 31.6 35.9
13.2 13.6 14.3 13.7 13.7
33.7 33.9 34.6 34.9 34.8
42.4 43.0 42.8 42.8 42.6
34.1 34.6 32.8 32.5 34.7
30.4 32.4 33.0 33.4 33.7
27.2 29.6 30.2 30.0 30.6
27.2 29.3 31.4 32.1 32.8
45.1 46.3 47.5 47.9 48.0
27.3 28.5 29.6 29.9 30.3
... ... ... ... ...
31.3 31.7 32.6 33.3 33.4
. . . = Not available.
340
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-2. Producer Price Indexes by Commodity Groups, 1913–2003—Continued (1982 = 100.) Industrial commodities
Year
All commodities
Farm products
Processed foods and feeds
Total
Hides, Textile leather, prodand ucts related and prodapparel ucts
Fuels and Chemi- Rubber Lumber related cals and and and prodrelated plastics wood ucts prodprodprodand ucts ucts ucts power
Pulp, paper, and allied products
Metals and metal products
FurniNonmeMachin- ture and tallic ery and housemineral hold equipproddurament ucts bles
Transportation equipment
Miscellaneous products
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
31.7 31.6 31.7 31.6 31.6
40.1 39.7 40.4 39.6 39.0
35.6 36.2 36.5 36.8 36.7
30.5 30.4 30.4 30.3 30.5
48.6 47.8 48.2 48.2 48.5
34.6 34.9 35.3 34.3 34.4
13.9 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.5
34.8 34.5 33.9 33.5 33.6
42.7 41.1 39.9 40.1 39.6
33.5 32.0 32.2 32.8 33.5
34.0 33.0 33.4 33.1 33.0
30.6 30.5 30.2 30.3 31.1
33.0 33.0 33.0 33.1 33.3
47.8 47.5 47.2 46.9 47.1
30.4 30.5 30.5 30.3 30.4
... ... ... ... ...
33.6 33.7 33.9 34.2 34.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
32.3 33.3 33.4 34.2 35.6
40.7 43.7 41.3 42.3 45.0
38.0 40.2 39.8 40.6 42.7
30.9 31.5 32.0 32.8 33.9
48.8 48.9 48.9 50.7 51.8
35.9 39.4 38.1 39.3 41.5
13.8 14.1 14.4 14.3 14.6
33.9 34.0 34.2 34.1 34.2
39.7 40.5 41.4 42.8 43.6
33.7 35.2 35.1 39.8 44.0
33.3 34.2 34.6 35.0 36.0
32.0 32.8 33.2 34.0 36.0
33.7 34.7 35.9 37.0 38.2
46.8 47.4 48.3 49.7 50.7
30.4 30.7 31.2 32.4 33.6
... ... ... ... 40.4
34.7 35.3 36.2 37.0 38.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
36.9 38.1 39.8 45.0 53.5
45.8 46.6 51.6 72.7 77.4
44.6 45.5 48.0 58.9 68.0
35.2 36.5 37.8 40.3 49.2
52.4 53.3 55.5 60.5 68.0
42.0 43.4 50.0 54.5 55.2
15.3 16.6 17.1 19.4 30.1
35.0 35.6 35.6 37.6 50.2
44.9 45.2 45.3 46.6 56.4
39.9 44.7 50.7 62.2 64.5
37.5 38.1 39.3 42.3 52.5
38.7 39.4 40.9 44.0 57.0
40.0 41.4 42.3 43.7 50.0
51.9 53.1 53.8 55.7 61.8
35.3 38.2 39.4 40.7 47.8
41.9 44.2 45.5 46.1 50.3
39.8 40.8 41.5 43.3 48.1
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
58.4 61.1 64.9 69.9 78.7
77.0 78.8 79.4 87.7 99.6
72.6 70.8 74.0 80.6 88.5
54.9 58.4 62.5 67.0 75.7
67.4 72.4 75.3 78.1 82.5
56.5 63.9 68.3 76.1 96.1
35.4 38.3 43.6 46.5 58.9
62.0 64.0 65.9 68.0 76.0
62.2 66.0 69.4 72.4 80.5
62.1 72.2 83.0 96.9 105.5
59.0 62.1 64.6 67.7 75.9
61.5 65.0 69.3 75.3 86.0
57.9 61.3 65.2 70.3 76.7
67.5 70.3 73.2 77.5 82.8
54.4 58.2 62.6 69.6 77.6
56.7 60.5 64.6 69.5 75.3
53.4 55.6 59.4 66.7 75.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
89.8 98.0 100.0 101.3 103.7
102.9 105.2 100.0 102.4 105.5
95.9 98.9 100.0 101.8 105.4
88.0 97.4 100.0 101.1 103.3
89.7 97.6 100.0 100.3 102.7
94.7 99.3 100.0 103.2 109.0
82.8 100.2 100.0 95.9 94.8
89.0 98.4 100.0 100.3 102.9
90.1 96.4 100.0 100.8 102.3
101.5 102.8 100.0 107.9 108.0
86.3 94.8 100.0 103.3 110.3
95.0 99.6 100.0 101.8 104.8
86.0 94.4 100.0 102.7 105.1
90.7 95.9 100.0 103.4 105.7
88.4 96.7 100.0 101.6 105.4
82.9 94.3 100.0 102.8 105.2
93.6 96.1 100.0 104.8 107.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
103.2 100.2 102.8 106.9 112.2
95.1 92.9 95.5 104.9 110.9
103.5 105.4 107.9 112.7 117.8
103.7 100.0 102.6 106.3 111.6
102.9 103.2 105.1 109.2 112.3
108.9 113.0 120.4 131.4 136.3
91.4 69.8 70.2 66.7 72.9
103.7 102.6 106.4 116.3 123.0
101.9 101.9 103.0 109.3 112.6
106.6 107.2 112.8 118.9 126.7
113.3 116.1 121.8 130.4 137.8
104.4 103.2 107.1 118.7 124.1
107.2 108.8 110.4 113.2 117.4
107.1 108.2 109.9 113.1 116.9
108.6 110.0 110.0 111.2 112.6
107.9 110.5 112.5 114.3 117.7
109.4 111.6 114.9 120.2 126.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
116.3 116.5 117.2 118.9 120.4
112.2 105.7 103.6 107.1 106.3
121.9 121.9 122.1 124.0 125.5
115.8 116.5 117.4 119.0 120.7
115.0 116.3 117.8 118.0 118.3
141.7 138.9 140.4 143.7 148.5
82.3 81.2 80.4 80.0 77.8
123.6 125.6 125.9 128.2 132.1
113.6 115.1 115.1 116.0 117.6
129.7 132.1 146.6 174.0 180.0
141.2 142.9 145.2 147.3 152.5
122.9 120.2 119.2 119.2 124.8
120.7 123.0 123.4 124.0 125.1
119.2 121.2 122.2 123.7 126.1
114.7 117.2 117.3 120.0 124.2
121.5 126.4 130.4 133.7 137.2
134.2 140.8 145.3 145.4 141.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
124.7 127.7 127.6 124.4 125.5
107.4 122.4 112.9 104.6 98.4
127.0 133.3 134.0 131.6 131.1
125.5 127.3 127.7 124.8 126.5
120.8 122.4 122.6 122.9 121.1
153.7 150.5 154.2 148.0 146.0
78.0 85.8 86.1 75.3 80.5
142.5 142.1 143.6 143.9 144.2
124.3 123.8 123.2 122.6 122.5
178.1 176.1 183.8 179.1 183.6
172.2 168.7 167.9 171.7 174.1
134.5 131.0 131.8 127.8 124.6
126.6 126.5 125.9 124.9 124.3
128.2 130.4 130.8 131.3 131.7
129.0 131.0 133.2 135.4 138.9
139.7 141.7 141.6 141.2 141.8
145.4 147.7 150.9 156.0 166.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
132.7 134.2 131.1 138.1
99.5 103.8 99.0 111.5
133.1 137.3 136.2 143.4
134.8 135.7 132.4 139.1
121.4 121.3 119.9 119.8
151.5 158.4 157.6 162.3
103.5 105.3 93.2 112.9
151.0 151.8 151.9 161.8
125.5 127.2 126.8 130.1
178.2 174.4 173.3 177.4
183.7 184.8 185.9 190.0
128.1 125.4 125.9 129.2
124.0 123.7 122.9 121.9
132.6 133.2 133.5 133.9
142.5 144.3 146.2 148.2
143.8 145.2 144.6 145.7
170.8 181.3 182.4 179.6
. . . = Not available.
341
PRICES
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1990–2003 (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Metal mining ............................................................................ Iron ores ............................................................................... Copper ores (06/88=100) ..................................................... Lead and zinc ores (12/85=100) .......................................... Gold and silver ores ............................................................. Metal mining services (12/85=100) ...................................... Miscellaneous metal ores (12/85=100) ................................ Coal mining (12/85=100) ......................................................... Bituminous coal and lignite (12/93=100) .............................. Anthracite mining (12/93=100) ............................................. Coal mining services (06/91=100) ....................................... Oil and gas extraction (12/85=100) .......................................... Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (06/96=100) ..................................................................... Oil and gas field services (12/85=100) ................................ Mining and quarrying of non-metallic minerals, except fuels ... Dimension stone (06/85=100) .............................................. Crushed and broken stone, including riprap ........................ Sand and gravel ................................................................... Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals ................................ Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining ................................. Non-metallic minerals (except fuels) services (06/85=100) ..................................................................... Miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ...............
93.4 82.2 112.8 ... 81.2 108.6 58.0 96.5 ... ... ... 82.7
82.2 82.7 99.5 ... 71.3 108.7 49.2 96.3 ... ... ... 77.9
76.6 82.8 96.6 ... 68.0 108.8 33.9 94.0 ... ... 96.1 76.5
69.7 82.1 79.1 82.2 69.1 111.2 32.6 93.3 ... ... 98.0 76.2
81.4 82.1 106.9 93.5 75.9 111.3 32.9 93.2 99.1 99.4 97.6 71.1
101.4 91.0 157.1 103.1 77.1 111.4 33.6 91.6 97.3 98.2 98.3 66.6
92.1 95.7 117.0 109.4 78.6 112.5 31.9 91.4 97.0 98.1 101.6 84.8
85.8 95.3 110.4 138.6 67.9 116.7 29.9 92.2 98.0 98.3 100.6 87.5
73.2 94.5 76.8 107.0 61.1 122.2 27.6 89.5 95.0 99.0 100.6 68.3
70.3 94.0 71.3 111.8 58.2 120.2 25.9 87.3 92.6 98.1 100.2 78.5
73.8 93.9 88.7 118.8 57.0 109.0 26.4 84.8 89.8 97.2 100.8 126.8
70.8 95.2 81.7 89.2 55.2 117.6 24.7 91.3 96.8 99.5 108.8 127.5
73.6 94.2 80.1 ... 62.6 115.9 28.9 93.9 ... 100.8 110.3 107.0
81.6 95.0 90.1 ... 72.6 116.1 34.9 94.4 ... 104.1 116.4 160.1
76.4 95.7 113.7 113.4 115.7 119.6 109.8 106.7
70.8 99.1 116.3 116.7 118.7 123.1 110.9 108.5
69.4 95.5 117.5 118.2 120.6 125.3 111.3 108.3
67.5 100.6 118.8 120.3 123.4 129.1 112.8 104.3
62.5 103.8 120.5 123.4 126.3 134.0 113.1 102.1
59.1 107.1 123.8 126.4 130.7 137.6 115.3 104.2
... 108.8 127.1 132.2 133.2 141.6 116.6 108.6
... 120.7 128.8 138.1 135.4 145.4 117.5 107.6
... 125.5 132.2 142.2 138.8 152.1 117.5 110.1
... 116.2 134.0 145.9 142.1 157.4 116.2 108.0
... 122.6 137.0 153.4 147.3 163.1 117.0 106.8
... 144.3 141.0 156.9 152.2 168.9 122.4 107.1
... 134.4 143.5 163.9 156.1 172.8 122.2 107.7
... 133.5 146.4 169.9 160.2 176.0 124.0 108.4
102.7 117.9
98.5 122.9
98.1 126.9
98.0 131.1
96.1 132.3
100.0 136.0
103.4 139.8
104.7 143.2
104.7 146.6
106.5 148.0
107.2 148.8
109.3 153.6
110.5 153.7
114.6 157.0
116.2 118.1 113.5 119.5 114.5 128.7 112.5 98.8 112.0 116.7 183.2 197.6 141.4 166.2 103.9 111.6 109.3 115.6 118.5 111.7 109.9
116.5 114.8 111.0 119.5 115.9 133.7 117.4 93.3 116.4 118.4 207.5 225.0 150.0 182.3 107.6 112.5 109.6 115.2 116.3 113.2 110.9
116.9 110.0 113.7 121.5 119.1 139.1 117.0 93.1 117.9 117.7 230.2 250.5 159.1 199.2 107.5 113.6 112.8 115.9 114.7 114.6 112.8
118.7 113.6 114.1 121.2 120.5 142.7 118.7 100.4 118.5 118.3 218.0 235.2 166.4 214.2 108.7 113.6 112.2 114.6 113.8 115.6 113.3
120.1 110.7 115.6 123.7 124.9 145.3 120.4 105.0 118.8 125.4 187.8 198.9 172.9 229.5 109.4 113.6 113.5 109.9 113.3 116.8 113.0
121.7 109.3 115.8 125.5 125.9 149.6 123.3 103.0 123.1 131.1 193.2 204.3 186.5 243.6 112.2 116.5 118.6 112.4 113.5 119.7 115.7
127.1 114.6 125.0 129.7 139.9 154.4 127.7 111.1 125.5 128.5 199.1 210.5 201.8 253.8 109.7 118.2 119.1 113.0 114.2 121.2 116.6
127.9 116.1 123.9 129.9 133.0 158.2 129.3 113.9 126.3 135.1 210.8 223.3 228.5 265.3 106.5 118.8 118.5 115.0 115.0 122.7 117.0
126.3 109.2 133.1 130.1 122.5 160.0 128.8 102.1 127.2 135.3 243.1 260.4 242.7 282.1 104.2 118.6 117.4 114.8 115.3 123.8 116.6
126.3 108.9 133.8 131.7 117.3 162.0 129.4 86.9 129.8 136.1 325.7 356.7 259.6 303.1 104.7 116.3 114.2 108.6 113.2 124.3 114.0
128.5 115.0 129.9 132.1 117.5 166.0 127.5 85.1 134.4 138.7 345.8 379.3 268.8 318.1 109.0 116.7 110.6 108.6 114.6 125.3 113.9
132.8 120.3 141.2 133.3 121.3 171.8 129.3 84.1 138.6 137.9 386.1 425.8 279.1 332.5 112.3 116.9 111.7 108.9 117.1 126.2 113.7
132.0 114.0 133.3 135.2 123.4 179.8 133.7 89.8 140.8 138.6 401.9 442.8 289.8 359.4 114.7 115.8 108.9 106.4 116.4 126.0 112.7
137.4 125.8 135.8 136.6 129.9 178.0 139.5 106.3 142.7 142.0 377.9 411.7 304.7 377.4 117.5 115.7 108.8 105.9 119.0 125.1 111.6
117.0 108.9 109.7 115.0
119.9 109.7 110.7 117.0
122.6 109.4 109.9 116.3
125.1 108.7 107.0 116.5
125.5 110.0 107.4 118.1
127.8 111.6 112.1 122.9
129.0 114.1 113.6 126.4
129.2 115.7 114.1 125.6
130.2 116.3 112.1 124.9
131.4 115.4 106.9 123.4
132.2 117.8 105.5 124.1
131.5 118.9 103.0 125.2
130.8 119.0 99.8 123.9
128.1 121.8 100.9 123.3
113.3 145.7
116.0 149.2
118.0 151.8
119.2 151.9
119.7 154.0
120.6 155.8
122.3 158.1
123.4 160.2
124.8 166.8
125.3 168.5
125.7 168.2
125.8 166.3
125.1 164.1
124.8 166.1
113.0 114.0
116.2 116.7
119.7 117.5
121.9 117.8
122.7 117.0
124.0 116.2
125.5 116.1
125.7 116.8
126.1 117.7
126.0 118.3
125.6 118.4
124.9 117.8
122.5 117.2
120.4 117.7
111.2 115.1 110.7 98.7 115.2 110.8 117.0 135.6 113.7 115.4 113.9 115.5 114.9 119.1 117.2 123.4 118.4 120.9 120.6
112.9 118.2 113.1 100.5 117.6 113.4 119.4 135.0 115.3 118.3 115.8 118.9 118.0 121.6 119.9 125.8 119.4 123.1 123.4
115.3 122.9 114.6 102.6 119.3 115.1 129.7 151.3 131.3 128.4 123.5 121.5 123.4 122.9 121.6 125.3 120.9 124.7 125.5
116.8 126.0 115.8 101.4 120.6 116.6 148.3 186.4 161.8 142.8 141.7 129.5 132.8 125.4 124.8 127.3 123.5 126.9 125.6
118.3 129.5 115.4 107.5 120.8 117.7 154.4 192.6 165.2 148.7 147.5 139.8 140.9 129.7 128.7 132.9 128.4 131.9 127.3
118.9 130.8 118.1 103.8 123.2 119.6 154.1 194.3 154.8 150.5 148.6 147.8 144.9 133.3 132.2 137.5 130.0 135.3 130.4
119.3 132.7 118.9 119.4 125.7 124.2 153.5 185.7 155.7 148.3 147.7 151.5 145.1 136.2 134.7 140.7 133.7 138.0 133.3
120.1 135.0 118.9 127.3 128.0 126.4 158.9 191.2 166.9 151.7 151.5 155.0 145.9 138.2 136.4 142.5 135.9 140.7 134.8
121.0 136.4 118.6 128.5 130.4 128.8 157.0 188.1 157.2 151.8 155.5 157.5 147.6 139.7 138.4 142.3 136.0 142.0 137.4
122.1 138.6 119.5 134.4 131.0 128.7 161.8 182.7 162.2 158.6 156.0 162.1 152.8 141.3 140.3 143.0 136.9 143.5 139.0
123.3 141.0 120.7 141.5 131.3 129.5 158.1 177.5 153.9 155.1 156.6 165.7 149.6 143.3 142.5 144.5 138.6 145.6 141.7
123.0 143.7 120.3 148.4 132.6 131.1 156.2 167.5 147.6 156.0 157.1 169.1 145.7 145.1 144.4 146.4 139.1 147.2 145.5
122.8 146.4 122.8 150.9 133.0 131.2 155.3 165.0 145.2 155.1 154.5 172.2 145.9 146.3 146.2 148.6 138.9 147.5 146.8
123.2 147.2 124.2 141.7 133.1 131.0 160.3 168.7 147.9 159.8 158.0 175.8 158.5 147.4 147.0 150.9 139.0 148.5 148.0
MINING INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Food and kindred products ...................................................... Meat products ...................................................................... Dairy products ...................................................................... Canned and preserved fruits and vegetables ...................... Grain mill products ............................................................... Bakery products ................................................................... Sugar and confectionery products ....................................... Fats and oils ........................................................................ Beverages ............................................................................ Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products ...... Tobacco manufactures ............................................................ Cigarettes (12/82=100) ........................................................ Cigars (12/82=100) .............................................................. Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff (12/82=100) ........ Tobacco stemming and redrying (06/84=100) ..................... Textile mill products ................................................................. Cotton broadwoven fabric (12/80=100) ............................... Synthetic fiber and silk broadwoven fabric (06/81=100) ...... Wool weaving and finishing (06/85=100) ............................. Narrow fabric mills (06/84=100) ........................................... Knitting mills ......................................................................... Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool fabrics and knit goods ........................................................................ Floor covering mills .............................................................. Yarn and thread mills ........................................................... Miscellaneous textile goods ................................................. Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials ................................................................... Men’s and boys’ suits and coats (12/80=100) ..................... Men’s, youths and boys furnishings, work clothing, and allied garments ................................................................ Women’s, misses, and juniors’ outerwear ........................... Women’s, misses’, children’s, and infants’ undergarments .......................................................................... Hats, caps, and millinery (06/85=100) ................................. Girls’, children’s, and infants’ outerwear .............................. Fur goods (12/83=100) ........................................................ Miscellaneous apparel and accessories (06/85=100) .......... Miscellaneous fabricated textile products ............................ Lumber and wood products, except furniture .......................... Logging camps and logging contractors (12/81=100) .......... Sawmills and planing mills ................................................... Millwork, veneer, plywood, and structural wood members .. Wood containers (06/85=100) ............................................. Wood buildings and mobile homes ...................................... Miscellaneous wood products .............................................. Furniture and fixtures ............................................................... Household furniture ............................................................. Office furniture ..................................................................... Public building and related furniture .................................... Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and store fixtures ... Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .................................... . . . = Not available.
342
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1990–2003—Continued (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Paper and allied products ........................................................ Pulp mills (12/82=100) ......................................................... Paper mill products except building paper (06/81=100) ...... Paperboard mills (12/82=100) ............................................. Paperboard containers and boxes ....................................... Converted paper and paperboard products, except containers and boxes (06/93=100) .................................. Printing, publishing, and allied industries ................................. Newspaper publishing (12/79=100) ..................................... Periodical publishing (12/79=100) ....................................... Books ................................................................................... Miscellaneous publishing (06/84=100) ................................ Commercial printing ............................................................. Manifold business forms (12/83=100) .................................. Greeting cards (12/85=100) ................................................. Blankbooks, looseleaf binders, and bookbinding and related work (06/85=100) ................................................. Service industries for the printing trade (06/85=100) ........... Chemicals and allied products ................................................. Industrial inorganic chemicals .............................................. Plastic materials and synthetic resins, rubber, and non-glass fibers ............................................................... Drugs ................................................................................... Soap, detergents, and cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics and other toilet preparations ........................... Paints and allied products (06/83=100) ............................... Industrial organic chemicals ................................................ Agricultural chemicals .......................................................... Miscellaneous chemical products ........................................ Petroleum refining and related products .................................. Petroleum refining (06/85=100) ........................................... Paving and roofing materials ............................................... Miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal .................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .......................... Tires and inner tubes (06/81=100) ....................................... Rubber and plastics footwear (12/80=100) .......................... Gaskets, packing, and sealing devices and rubber and plastics hose and belting (06/95=100) ............................. Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. (12/88=100) .................. Miscellaneous plastics products (06/93=100) ...................... Leather and leather products ................................................... Leather tanning and finishing (06/81=100) .......................... Boot and shoe cut stock and findings .................................. Footwear, except rubber ...................................................... Leather gloves and mittens (06/85=100) ............................. Luggage ............................................................................... Handbags and other personal leather goods ....................... Leather goods, n.e.c. (06/85=100) ....................................... Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products ............................... Flat glass (12/80=100) ......................................................... Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .............................. Products of purchased glass (06/83=100) ........................... Hydraulic cement (06/82=100) ............................................. Structural clay products ....................................................... Pottery and related products ................................................ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ............................. Cut stone and stone products .............................................. Abrasives, asbestos, and miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products .............................................................. Primary metal industries .......................................................... Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills .. Iron and steel foundries ....................................................... Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals (12/80=100) ..................................................................... Secondary nonferrous metals (06/80=100) ......................... Rolling, drawing and extruding of nonferrous metals ........... Nonferrous foundries (castings) ........................................... Miscellaneous primary metal products (06/85=100) ............ Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment ................................................. Metal cans and shipping containers .................................... Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware .......................... Heating equipment, except electric and warm air; and plumbing fixtures .............................................................. Fabricated structural metal products ................................... Screw machine products, and bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers .................................................................... Metal forgings and stampings .............................................. Coating, engraving, and allied services ............................... Ordnance and accessories, except vehicles and guided missiles (06/85=100) ........................................................ Miscellaneous fabricated metal products .............................
121.9 153.8 134.0 146.0 117.7
121.1 121.8 131.0 140.7 116.6
121.2 118.5 126.6 142.6 118.5
120.2 105.8 126.6 138.3 118.0
123.7 116.5 128.6 152.6 123.7
146.7 182.4 164.8 203.1 148.5
138.6 135.5 152.2 169.7 140.4
133.5 131.0 143.2 158.2 132.9
136.2 125.1 144.5 165.1 141.1
136.4 122.7 139.7 166.9 144.1
145.8 143.4 148.8 192.2 157.1
146.2 122.9 150.5 187.3 158.9
143.7 116.5 144.1 179.5 157.0
144.9 120.9 145.7 180.2 157.3
... 130.5 220.4 205.7 132.3 133.8 118.7 124.6 120.3
... 136.4 235.7 217.8 138.7 142.0 120.8 123.9 125.3
... 140.8 248.7 227.9 143.7 148.3 121.9 121.0 131.3
... 145.6 259.5 233.3 147.8 154.6 124.9 128.6 139.4
100.7 149.7 269.5 239.1 153.4 160.6 126.3 134.0 145.7
110.1 159.0 286.7 246.3 162.3 167.1 133.4 163.9 156.5
109.5 165.6 306.9 253.1 169.4 174.5 136.6 168.4 162.7
108.7 169.1 317.7 263.2 174.0 181.1 137.2 165.8 164.9
108.2 174.0 328.7 276.9 178.9 187.7 140.0 167.0 169.2
108.2 177.6 339.3 284.9 184.7 194.5 140.3 170.5 174.3
111.7 182.9 351.3 292.6 190.2 201.3 142.8 185.8 177.7
112.4 188.7 367.9 305.9 195.6 210.0 144.9 193.1 180.6
112.1 193.0 381.9 320.4 201.5 217.7 144.1 199.6 180.6
113.4 197.5 395.7 332.4 208.2 226.3 144.4 201.8 182.7
124.8 109.3 121.0 116.6
132.3 110.7 124.4 117.5
135.4 112.3 125.8 116.5
139.0 113.5 127.2 115.0
142.9 114.1 130.0 115.4
150.1 115.2 143.4 126.3
155.6 116.1 145.8 135.0
158.7 116.4 147.1 134.5
159.6 117.2 148.7 132.7
159.8 117.7 149.7 127.8
163.0 119.0 156.7 132.0
164.7 116.7 158.4 139.6
164.5 115.1 157.3 135.0
165.2 113.8 164.6 140.9
114.9 146.7
113.2 156.2
110.0 165.7
110.6 172.4
113.8 174.8
127.8 178.7
123.1 181.2
124.4 184.8
115.9 203.1
115.4 210.1
128.0 215.7
126.2 220.5
119.7 226.3
131.0 235.4
115.8 125.0 120.2 108.2 117.4 91.4 90.1 94.3 123.6 111.3 103.0 121.5
118.1 130.3 123.3 111.9 122.1 83.1 80.9 96.1 131.1 113.7 105.0 122.0
120.6 132.3 123.1 110.0 123.7 80.3 78.3 94.0 128.4 114.2 106.0 122.8
122.8 133.5 122.7 109.7 127.2 77.6 75.2 95.0 129.9 115.4 106.2 124.1
123.0 136.0 125.9 119.6 131.2 74.8 72.2 94.9 130.6 117.1 106.4 125.5
125.0 143.1 158.1 129.7 137.1 77.2 74.5 98.1 136.3 123.3 108.5 126.9
126.6 147.6 164.0 133.4 138.5 87.4 85.3 99.4 140.9 123.1 105.2 128.3
127.3 152.3 163.9 131.9 140.3 85.6 83.1 102.2 142.0 122.8 103.4 127.1
128.7 155.1 160.1 128.5 141.7 66.3 62.3 102.0 142.5 122.1 102.0 128.0
130.3 157.6 161.4 123.2 141.5 76.8 73.6 102.8 142.1 122.2 100.4 129.1
132.5 160.7 177.3 124.9 143.0 112.8 111.6 113.5 150.3 124.6 100.4 131.2
134.2 164.1 173.5 132.0 146.0 105.3 103.1 116.9 159.3 125.9 101.5 126.8
134.2 166.1 170.6 127.0 146.5 98.8 96.3 119.7 160.5 125.5 102.7 129.0
134.9 169.4 183.0 135.3 149.0 122.0 121.2 125.1 165.3 128.4 105.6 129.0
... 105.0 118.9 122.6 168.0 119.6 122.2 117.6 113.4 118.1 122.1 110.0 109.2 113.8 117.6 102.7 114.2 117.0 106.1 122.7
... 107.5 120.8 124.8 158.9 122.3 125.2 118.6 116.2 121.3 123.7 112.3 105.4 117.4 118.8 105.8 115.6 119.6 108.0 128.0
... 108.6 121.0 127.0 156.1 123.3 128.1 120.1 118.8 122.4 123.4 112.8 104.9 118.4 120.4 105.4 117.1 120.6 108.6 129.3
... 110.3 ... 129.0 160.9 124.4 130.3 120.7 119.9 123.5 125.1 115.4 106.1 119.7 122.1 111.0 119.7 122.7 111.7 130.7
... 111.9 ... 130.6 171.9 125.0 131.6 125.8 120.3 121.5 127.2 119.6 113.0 121.8 123.7 118.7 121.9 125.2 117.7 131.7
... 115.6 ... 134.1 183.9 129.6 135.3 131.5 120.3 122.8 131.7 124.3 116.6 125.0 126.8 127.2 124.4 129.3 123.5 134.0
102.7 118.3 ... 134.7 172.4 132.4 137.5 137.4 121.1 122.8 135.6 125.8 108.9 125.0 126.3 132.9 126.1 130.0 126.5 135.8
104.4 119.8 ... 137.1 176.9 133.3 139.5 138.7 123.2 123.5 140.6 127.4 104.1 123.2 127.1 138.1 127.5 131.8 130.5 138.4
105.5 120.2 ... 137.1 171.6 133.8 140.5 140.8 124.7 124.1 141.0 129.3 99.5 121.8 127.5 144.2 129.0 133.5 134.5 141.7
106.0 119.9 ... 136.5 168.8 133.8 139.3 141.3 126.5 124.6 142.5 132.6 95.9 121.0 128.4 149.1 131.4 138.1 140.0 143.3
107.1 120.5 ... 137.9 174.6 135.2 139.7 141.3 127.6 124.7 144.5 134.7 97.3 122.6 131.6 148.6 135.1 139.7 143.1 144.8
109.4 121.3 ... 141.3 191.7 139.5 140.6 142.1 127.2 127.3 145.6 136.0 97.7 126.2 133.7 148.7 140.4 150.2 142.1 147.9
110.0 121.4 ... 141.1 191.4 140.6 140.9 139.1 125.9 126.0 147.5 137.1 95.2 127.2 133.8 151.1 140.0 150.1 144.2 149.3
111.5 121.8 ... 142.8 200.5 141.8 142.0 140.5 123.8 126.7 149.1 138.0 95.7 128.4 133.4 150.5 142.0 150.6 145.6 149.7
111.5 116.5 106.5 111.5
114.2 113.1 104.5 113.2
113.3 111.7 102.4 114.6
116.0 111.4 104.3 115.8
119.2 117.0 109.1 118.3
123.6 128.2 114.9 124.0
125.6 123.7 111.3 127.6
126.2 124.7 112.0 129.2
127.4 120.9 110.0 129.7
131.3 115.8 102.3 130.4
130.9 119.8 104.4 132.1
132.0 116.1 98.4 132.7
132.6 116.2 101.6 133.0
133.4 118.4 105.4 133.5
123.4 97.0 132.7 121.1 115.9
103.6 84.7 127.5 120.9 116.1
98.4 81.8 126.2 121.7 116.3
90.3 77.2 122.8 122.7 115.9
106.7 90.2 129.4 125.7 119.0
134.2 102.1 151.0 132.8 124.4
115.5 94.0 143.0 131.4 126.2
115.5 94.5 144.8 133.8 126.7
98.5 85.9 137.8 132.7 126.1
93.6 84.8 133.7 131.6 126.0
103.0 88.4 142.8 133.5 126.5
96.6 85.9 139.8 134.1 134.9
92.7 85.1 135.0 134.4 135.7
97.4 87.1 135.6 135.6 133.6
115.1 105.9 116.5
116.6 107.2 120.7
117.2 106.3 123.2
118.2 103.1 125.7
120.3 101.7 127.9
124.8 109.4 131.3
126.2 103.9 133.8
127.6 102.7 135.2
128.7 102.3 136.5
129.1 100.7 137.8
130.3 101.0 139.9
131.0 100.8 142.4
131.7 102.7 144.0
132.9 105.4 144.9
127.2 117.9
131.7 118.1
135.3 117.7
138.0 118.8
140.8 122.6
147.6 129.6
153.2 131.8
156.2 134.0
157.7 136.1
159.6 137.1
162.0 138.5
161.8 138.2
162.8 138.2
165.0 138.4
113.3 109.4 117.9
114.9 109.5 119.3
115.4 109.7 120.1
116.3 109.8 121.8
117.6 110.5 123.5
120.0 111.9 125.8
121.6 112.9 127.2
122.6 113.9 128.4
122.7 114.0 129.2
121.8 112.9 132.0
122.9 113.2 132.7
122.8 113.2 136.0
123.4 113.7 136.7
123.6 115.6 137.2
112.6 120.5
116.4 122.9
120.2 124.1
124.3 125.8
125.5 128.7
127.6 133.4
129.5 135.6
129.2 137.9
130.5 139.5
133.3 140.3
135.1 141.9
137.9 143.8
140.9 144.4
145.5 145.9
. . . = Not available.
343
PRICES
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1990–2003—Continued (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Machinery, except electrical .................................................... Engines and turbines ........................................................... Farm and garden machinery and equipment ....................... Construction, mining, and materials handling machinery and equipment ................................................................. Metalworking machinery and equipment ............................. Special industry machinery, except metalworking machinery ........................................................................ General industrial machinery and equipment ...................... Office, computing, and accounting machines ...................... Refrigeration and service industry machinery ...................... Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical ......................... Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies ............................................................................ Electric transmission and distribution equipment ................. Electrical industrial apparatus .............................................. Household appliances ......................................................... Electric lighting and wiring equipment ................................. Radio and television receiving equipment, except communication types ....................................................... Communication equipment (12/85=100) .............................. Electronic components and accessories ............................. Miscellaneous electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ............................................................................ Transportation equipment ........................................................ Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment ...................... Aircraft and parts (06/85=100) ............................................. Ship and boat building and repairing ................................... Railroad equipment (06/84=100) ......................................... Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts .......................................... Miscellaneous transportation equipment ............................. Measuring and controlling instruments; photographic, medical, optical goods; watches, clocks .............................. Engineering and scientific instruments (12/85=100) ............ Measuring and controlling instruments ................................ Surgical, medical, and dental instruments and supplies ...... Opthalmic goods (12/83=100) ............................................. Photographic equipment and supplies (12/83=100) ............ Watches, clocks, and watchcases (06/83=100) ................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (12/85=100) ............. Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware (12/85=100) .............. Musical instruments (06/85=100) ......................................... Toys and amusement, sporting, and athletic goods (12/85=100) ..................................................................... Pens, pencils, and other office and artists’ materials (12/85=100) ..................................................................... Costume jewelry, costume novelties, buttons, and miscellaneous notions (12/85=100) ................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (12/85=100) ........
113.9 116.5 111.1
116.4 121.4 114.3
116.7 123.8 116.9
116.8 125.8 118.7
117.5 128.3 120.9
119.0 130.8 123.4
119.2 132.3 126.1
118.5 133.6 127.4
117.7 133.9 128.1
117.3 135.7 129.1
117.5 136.6 130.1
118.0 137.7 131.8
117.2 138.9 133.7
116.0 139.1 135.1
113.5 116.1
117.5 120.3
120.1 122.8
122.9 125.4
125.0 128.4
128.1 135.4
131.4 138.4
133.7 141.2
136.0 142.2
138.0 143.9
139.4 145.1
141.1 144.6
142.6 144.8
144.4 ...
121.6 124.3 ... 116.0 112.3
125.6 127.4 ... 117.6 113.4
128.4 130.6 ... 119.4 113.9
132.1 133.4 ... 120.9 116.1
134.2 137.8 ... 122.3 118.8
137.3 141.7 70.5 125.3 121.9
140.5 144.7 63.4 127.9 123.6
143.0 146.9 55.9 129.6 125.5
145.4 149.3 48.8 131.5 127.0
147.2 151.7 44.0 132.2 127.7
148.7 154.3 41.3 132.0 129.6
149.9 156.5 39.0 132.5 131.8
149.6 159.1 35.5 133.7 132.3
150.1 ... 31.6 134.5 132.3
108.9 118.7 117.5 105.2 116.3
110.1 122.0 120.7 106.0 118.6
110.8 122.8 122.9 106.8 119.8
112.0 123.4 125.7 108.1 122.1
112.7 125.8 127.1 108.7 123.2
113.3 129.5 130.1 108.8 126.6
113.2 130.5 132.7 109.7 128.1
111.6 131.3 134.9 108.3 129.4
110.4 133.6 136.6 107.5 129.4
109.5 135.9 137.2 107.2 128.7
108.3 138.5 137.8 106.2 128.4
107.0 140.4 139.5 104.6 128.1
105.7 140.6 140.0 104.2 128.2
103.1 141.5 140.9 103.1 128.2
94.5 107.5 104.9
95.2 108.5 104.9
94.2 109.7 104.6
92.6 111.7 105.3
92.4 113.3 104.8
91.5 113.9 102.5
91.4 115.0 99.3
89.5 115.7 95.1
88.9 115.0 91.9
87.1 113.0 90.1
85.4 110.4 88.8
83.6 108.6 86.4
81.8 105.0 84.9
80.3 101.7 81.1
109.8 115.6 113.0 117.7 120.1 114.2 109.9 112.5
110.6 119.8 117.4 122.3 122.7 117.3 111.8 114.1
110.9 123.0 120.5 126.6 125.7 118.7 114.4 115.2
110.4 126.3 123.8 130.1 129.9 119.8 116.9 117.1
110.7 130.1 127.5 134.0 133.0 122.6 119.0 118.1
111.9 132.2 129.1 137.3 135.0 127.6 122.2 120.3
112.8 134.2 130.4 140.8 138.2 129.7 123.4 121.9
113.0 134.1 129.0 142.7 142.0 127.4 123.3 123.0
112.4 133.6 127.7 143.4 144.1 127.6 124.2 124.2
112.5 134.5 128.3 144.8 145.6 128.2 125.5 125.0
112.4 136.8 129.2 149.9 149.0 128.6 127.8 128.3
113.0 137.9 128.5 154.7 152.6 128.3 128.0 129.7
113.2 137.3 126.7 157.3 156.8 127.7 128.7 131.0
112.2 138.4 126.6 162.2 163.0 129.0 128.7 132.3
114.6 116.9 116.3 120.7 117.0 112.2 110.5 114.9 119.3 119.5
116.8 120.5 120.1 124.1 117.6 111.9 113.6 117.5 121.0 123.7
118.7 121.4 123.3 127.9 121.0 112.1 114.7 119.6 121.6 128.3
120.8 123.0 126.1 131.9 123.4 112.1 115.9 121.5 123.5 134.4
122.1 124.6 127.9 133.4 124.9 111.7 116.6 123.3 124.7 140.2
124.0 127.4 129.9 134.1 126.4 113.8 118.9 125.9 126.3 147.5
125.1 128.3 131.5 134.9 124.7 114.9 119.2 127.8 128.0 152.9
125.6 130.0 133.5 134.4 124.3 113.5 118.3 129.0 128.0 157.1
126.0 132.5 134.4 135.0 123.7 109.7 118.4 129.7 127.1 161.1
125.7 132.5 134.8 135.6 123.5 106.7 119.4 130.3 126.4 163.6
126.2 132.0 136.6 136.7 123.3 106.2 120.8 130.9 127.1 166.6
127.3 131.6 138.8 138.3 123.3 107.4 122.1 132.4 128.0 170.1
128.5 134.5 140.6 140.2 124.2 104.2 123.1 133.3 129.1 173.3
129.9 137.9 142.0 142.1 124.6 102.2 124.2 133.9 131.0 175.5
113.0
115.3
117.3
117.9
119.2
120.7
122.2
123.7
124.2
123.8
123.0
123.5
123.0
122.1
114.3
118.0
120.8
121.4
123.2
127.4
130.2
129.8
130.9
132.0
132.0
131.4
132.8
132.9
111.0 114.4
113.8 117.3
116.0 119.6
117.1 122.8
117.9 125.1
119.1 128.5
120.7 130.3
122.4 131.6
122.2 132.9
123.5 134.5
124.8 136.1
126.1 138.5
126.2 140.1
126.5 141.4
... ... ... ... 100.0 ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 117.9 ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 119.8 ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 119.8 99.7 ... ...
... 101.9 101.9 101.3 119.8 100.0 ... ...
... 104.5 104.5 103.0 132.2 103.0 ... ...
... 106.3 106.4 103.6 132.3 103.7 ... ...
100.5 108.9 109.1 104.6 132.3 104.2 99.0 99.9
101.7 111.6 111.9 106.0 132.3 105.6 102.0 97.2
101.3 114.8 115.0 109.0 135.3 113.0 116.4 99.8
102.6 119.4 119.7 111.2 135.2 122.6 134.7 104.2
104.5 123.1 123.5 114.2 143.4 129.8 148.3 107.7
106.6 124.5 124.9 115.8 150.2 134.6 160.1 112.0
108.8 127.9 128.3 117.3 155.0 147.1 189.4 116.7
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... 105.6
... ... 108.5
... ... 113.7
... ... 121.1
101.3 99.5 125.3
102.2 100.3 124.5
102.3 104.3 130.8
102.2 110.3 147.7
102.9 115.5 157.2
101.5 113.0 157.8
101.2 116.8 162.1
110.2 ...
121.2 ...
114.2 ...
125.4 ...
129.1 ...
135.9 ...
145.5 ...
150.8 97.8
149.3 99.2
157.3 102.2
180.1 107.3
193.0 112.7
193.3 114.7
198.5 117.8
... 95.8
... 96.1
... 96.4
... 96.6
... 102.6
... 110.8
... 104.6
102.5 98.8
105.2 99.2
108.6 98.3
114.2 102.3
117.5 110.3
121.4 111.9
125.1 111.7
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102.5 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 106.2 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102.4 ... 110.0 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 104.6 ... 112.6 ... ...
99.4 ... 103.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 101.3 104.2 101.0 106.1 101.0 113.6 103.3 102.5
97.7 ... 107.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 103.0 108.1 103.2 107.7 103.2 114.4 106.2 106.1
97.3 ... 110.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100.4 100.7 104.9 112.7 105.2 109.9 105.5 116.4 107.1 108.7
98.3 96.4 115.4 103.8 104.2 99.5 98.9 102.8 99.3 102.3 99.7 99.2 101.9 108.3 116.2 107.3 112.8 107.3 119.4 111.1 112.5
98.2 93.6 119.5 109.6 109.9 104.7 98.5 107.3 103.8 123.5 103.1 100.1 104.3 112.0 121.3 108.2 116.4 110.4 123.0 114.0 117.9
97.5 89.9 122.9 113.4 113.6 103.5 110.5 110.2 107.6 130.6 108.7 101.6 108.7 113.9 121.3 108.9 119.4 110.3 127.5 116.6 121.7
97.9 88.1 128.3 117.6 117.9 104.3 116.4 114.8 111.3 139.1 111.5 103.4 115.0 115.9 122.0 111.4 124.3 112.1 134.9 117.0 125.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
102.2
105.1
108.5
111.8
115.9
121.1
124.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
101.5
103.9
107.5
110.8
112.9
115.3
118.7
SERVICE INDUSTRIES Railroad transportation (12/96=100) ........................................ Motor freight transportation and warehousing (06/93=100) ..... Trucking and courier services, except air (06/93=100) ........ Public warehousing and storage (06/93=100) ..................... United States Postal Service (06/89=100) ............................... Water transportation (12/92=100) ............................................ Deep sea foreign transportation of freight (12/96=100) ....... Deep sea domestic transportation of freight (12/96=100) .... Freight transportation, Great Lakes-St Lawrence Seaway (12/96=100) ..................................................................... Water transportation of freight, n.e.c. (12/96=100) .............. Transportation by air (12/92=100) ........................................... Air transportation, scheduled and air courier services (12/89=100) ..................................................................... Air transportation, nonscheduled (12/96=100) ..................... Airports, flying fields, and airport terminal services (12/96=100) ..................................................................... Pipelines, except natural gas (12/86=100) .............................. Arrangement of transportation of freight and cargo (12/96=100) ......................................................................... Telephone communications (06/99=100) ................................ Cable and other pay television services (12/96=100) .............. Food stores (12/99=100) ......................................................... Grocery stores (12/99=100) ................................................. Meat and fish (seafood) markets (12/99=100) ..................... Fruit and vegetable markets (12/99=100) ............................ Candy, nut, and confectionery stores (12/99=100) .............. Retail bakeries (12/99=100) ................................................. Miscellaneous food stores (12/99=100) ............................... New car dealers (12/99=100) .................................................. Life insurance carriers (12/98=100) ......................................... Property and casualty insurance 12/98=100) .......................... Real estate agents and managers (12/96=100) ...................... Hotels and motels (12/96=100) ................................................ Personnel supply services (12/96=100) ................................... Health services (12/94=100) .................................................... Offices and clinics of doctors of medicine (12/96=100) ....... Hospitals (12/92=100) .......................................................... Home health care services (12/96=100) .............................. Legal services (12/96=100) ..................................................... Engineering, architectural, and surveying services (12/96=100) ......................................................................... Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services (12/96=100) ......................................................................... . . . = Not available.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Coverage The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average change in prices of goods and services that urban consumers purchase for day-to-day living. The weights used in calculating the index, which remain fixed for relatively long periods, are based on actual expenditures reported in the Consumer Expenditure Surveys. The quantities and qualities of the sample items in the “market basket” remain essentially the same between consecutive pricing periods, so that the index measures only the effect of price change on the cost of living. The index does not measure changes in the total amount families spend for living. Geographic area indexes measure price changes over time in individual areas, not relative differences in prices or living costs between areas. Periodic Updating The index for the years 1913–1935 used a study of 1917–1919 spending by households of wage earners and clerical workers as the basis for its weights. Since then, there have been six updatings, bringing the “market basket” of goods and services up to date, revising the weights, and improving the sampling methods. In the past 20 years, several major changes have been introduced into the CPI. The 1978 revision of the CPI updated the CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and introduced a new index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which includes salaried workers, the self-employed, the retired, and the unemployed, as well as wage earners and clerical workers. The CPI-W now represents the spending patterns of 32 percent of the population, the CPI-U, 87 percent. For years before 1978, changes in the CPI-U are based on changes in the CPI-W. The 1978 revision also instituted sampling for all levels of the index down to the selection of items within each retail outlet. Starting with the index for January 1983, BLS changed the way the CPI-U measures homeowners’ costs; the CPI-W made the same change starting in January 1985. The change converted the homeownership component from an asset approach, which included both the investment and consumption aspects of homeownership, to a flow-of-services approach, that measures only the cost of shelter services consumed by homeowners. The new approach uses a rental equivalence method to calculate homeowner shelter costs by estimating the implicit rent owners would have to pay to rent the homes they live in. The old method calculated homeowner costs as home purchase, mortgage interest costs, property taxes, property insurance, and maintenance and repair.
The 1987 major revision of both the CPI-U and the CPI-W introduced weights based upon data from the 1982, 1983, and 1984 Consumer Expenditure Surveys. The 1998 CPI revision, which went into effect with the index for January 1998, uses expenditure data from the 1993–1995 Consumer Expenditure Surveys and population data from the 1990 Decennial Census. Current Methodology The CPI selected 87 pricing areas, comprising 38 different index areas, from around the United States. BLS resamples the outlets and items in its sample on a five-year rotating basis. Before rotating the sample, the Census Bureau conducts a Point of Purchase Survey for BLS. This survey determines location of the retail outlets where consumers buy goods and services in various categories; it also determines how much they spend on each category in each reported outlet. BLS then draws outlet samples from the Point-of-Purchase Survey information. BLS field agents visit the selected retail outlets and sample within the item categories using checklists, which exhaustively define these categories of goods and services. The original selection of the specific items to be priced in a specific retail store is generally done by a data collector using the checklist in systematic stages that take into account in each stage sales information provided by the respondent. Outlets may be located outside of their pricing area to represent out-of-town purchases. After the initial selection, the same item (or a close substitute) is priced from period to period so that, as far as possible, differences in reported prices are measures of price change only. All taxes directly associated with the purchase or continued use of the items priced are included in the indexes. Foods, fuels, rents, and a few other items are priced monthly in all areas. Prices of most other commodities and services are obtained monthly in the three largest areas and every other month in the remaining areas, half in the odd months and half in the even months. Between scheduled survey dates, prices are held at the level of their last pricing. BLS agents also collect data for a sample of rental units drawn from the Decennial Census of Population and Housing. This sample is heavily augmented with renter-occupied housing units in areas where there are many owner-occupied units. This survey is the basis for the Rent and Owners’ equivalent rent components of the CPI. BLS calculates basic indexes (elementary aggregates) for the 211 item strata in each of the 38 index areas. Basic indexes are combined with weights based on the 1993–1995 Consumer Expenditure Surveys and the Census of Population.
PRICES
BLS publishes CPI indexes for a variety of commodities and services, by region, by size of city, for cross-classifications of regions and population size classes, and for 26 metropolitan areas. The purchasing power of the consumer dollar for any given date is calculated as the reciprocal of the index for that date, expressed in dollars, with the dollar’s value in 1982–1984 equal to $1.00. It shows changes in the value of the dollar resulting from changes in prices of consumer goods and services. The purchasing power of the dollar with reference to other bases can be calculated by dividing the index for the desired base date by the index for the current date and expressing the result in dollars. The relative importance figures are percentage distributions of the cost or value weights used in the index calculation. The cost weights represent average expenditures for specific classes of goods and services by consumers. However, in the subsequent pricing periods, the value weights and the corresponding relative importance figures change as prices change differentially; i.e., the relative importance increases for an item or group having a greater than average price increase and decreases for one having a less than average price increase. Historically, the weights in the CPI have been updated about every 10 years. Beginning in 2002, the CPI will update its expenditure weights every two years, to keep the weights more up-to-date with consumer spending patterns. Since the CPI traditionally measured price changes for a fixed market basket of goods and services, it was criticized as overstating inflation in that it did not account for the fact that consumers can substitute (buy more or less)
345
as relative prices change. In 1999, the CPI began using a geometric mean formula to average the prices within most CPI item categories. This formula assumes a modest degree of substitution within CPI item categories as relative prices change. In 2002, BLS created an additional price index using a “superlative” formula, to address consumer substitution across CPI item categories. BLS began publishing this index, called the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers effective with release of July data in August 2002. Designated the C-CPI-U, the index will supplement, not replace the existing indexes already produced by the BLS: the CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). Sources of Additional Information The CCPI is described in BLS new release 02-480. A press release dated April 1998, “Planned Change In The Consumer Price Index Formula,” describes the geometric mean methodology. The December 1996 issue of the Monthly Labor Review was devoted to a description and discussion of issues related to the 1998 CPI Revision. Further changes in methodology are described in BLS press releases. A detailed description of the CPI before 1978 is contained in The Consumer Price Index: History and Techniques, BLS Bulletin 1517 (1966). The updated CPI Chapter 17 is in the BLS Handbook of Methods is available on the BLS Web site.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-4. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1967–2003 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation 1
Education and communication 1
Other goods and services
1967 ..................................................... 1968 ..................................................... 1969 .....................................................
33.4 34.8 36.7
35.0 36.2 38.1
30.8 32.0 34.0
51.0 53.7 56.8
33.3 34.3 35.7
28.2 29.9 31.9
... ... ...
... ... ...
35.1 36.9 38.7
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
38.8 40.5 41.8 44.4 49.3
40.1 41.4 43.1 48.8 55.5
36.4 38.0 39.4 41.2 45.8
59.2 61.1 62.3 64.6 69.4
37.5 39.5 39.9 41.2 45.8
34.0 36.1 37.3 38.8 42.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
40.9 42.9 44.7 46.4 49.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
53.8 56.9 60.6 65.2 72.6
60.2 62.1 65.8 72.2 79.9
50.7 53.8 57.4 62.4 70.1
72.5 75.2 78.6 81.4 84.9
50.1 55.1 59.0 61.7 70.5
47.5 52.0 57.0 61.8 67.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
53.9 57.0 60.4 64.3 68.9
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
82.4 90.9 96.5 99.6 103.9
86.7 93.5 97.3 99.5 103.2
81.1 90.4 96.9 99.5 103.6
90.9 95.3 97.8 100.2 102.1
83.1 93.2 97.0 99.3 103.7
74.9 82.9 92.5 100.6 106.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
75.2 82.6 91.1 101.1 107.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3 124.0
105.6 109.1 113.5 118.2 124.9
107.7 110.9 114.2 118.5 123.0
105.0 105.9 110.6 115.4 118.6
106.4 102.3 105.4 108.7 114.1
113.5 122.0 130.1 138.6 149.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
114.5 121.4 128.5 137.0 147.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
130.7 136.2 140.3 144.5 148.2
132.1 136.8 138.7 141.6 144.9
128.5 133.6 137.5 141.2 144.8
124.1 128.7 131.9 133.7 133.4
120.5 123.8 126.5 130.4 134.3
162.8 177.0 190.1 201.4 211.0
... ... ... 90.7 92.7
... ... ... 85.5 88.8
159.0 171.6 183.3 192.9 198.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
152.4 156.9 160.5 163.0 166.6
148.9 153.7 157.7 161.1 164.6
148.5 152.8 156.8 160.4 163.9
132.0 131.7 132.9 133.0 131.3
139.1 143.0 144.3 141.6 144.4
220.5 228.2 234.6 242.1 250.6
94.5 97.4 99.6 101.1 102.0
92.2 95.3 98.4 100.3 101.2
206.9 215.4 224.8 237.7 258.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
172.2 177.1 179.9 184.0
168.4 173.6 176.8 180.5
169.6 176.4 180.3 184.8
129.6 127.3 124.0 120.9
153.3 154.3 152.9 157.6
260.8 272.8 285.6 297.1
103.3 104.9 106.2 107.5
102.5 105.2 107.9 109.8
271.1 282.6 293.2 298.7
1December
1997 = 100. . . . = Not available.
PRICES
347
Table 7-5. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Commodity, Service, and Special Groups, 1967–2003 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
All items less All items less All items less All items less food shelter medical care energy
All items less Commodities Commodities Energy food and less food and Nondurables Commodities less food and commodities energy beverages energy
1967 ..................................... 1968 ..................................... 1969 .....................................
33.4 34.8 36.7
33.4 34.9 36.8
35.2 36.7 38.4
33.7 35.1 37.0
34.4 35.9 38.0
34.7 36.3 38.4
36.8 38.1 39.9
38.3 39.7 41.4
23.9 24.4 25.2
41.3 42.9 44.7
35.7 37.1 38.9
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
38.8 40.5 41.8 44.4 49.3
39.0 40.8 42.0 43.7 48.0
40.3 42.0 43.3 46.2 51.4
39.2 40.8 42.1 44.8 49.8
40.3 42.0 43.4 46.1 50.6
40.8 42.7 44.0 45.6 49.4
41.7 43.2 44.5 47.8 53.5
43.1 44.7 45.8 47.3 52.4
25.6 26.1 26.4 29.1 40.4
46.7 48.5 49.7 51.1 55.0
40.8 42.1 43.5 47.5 54.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
53.8 56.9 60.6 65.2 72.6
52.5 56.0 59.6 63.9 71.2
56.0 59.3 63.1 67.4 74.2
54.3 57.2 60.8 65.4 72.9
55.1 58.2 61.9 66.7 73.4
53.9 57.4 61.0 65.5 71.9
58.2 60.7 64.2 68.8 76.6
57.3 60.2 63.6 67.3 75.2
43.4 45.4 48.7 51.0 68.7
60.1 63.2 66.5 70.5 76.4
58.3 60.5 64.0 68.6 77.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
82.4 90.9 96.5 99.6 103.9
81.5 90.4 96.3 99.7 104.0
82.9 91.0 96.2 99.8 103.9
82.8 91.4 96.8 99.6 103.7
81.9 90.1 96.1 99.6 104.3
80.8 89.2 95.8 99.6 104.6
86.0 93.2 97.0 99.8 103.2
85.7 93.1 96.9 100.0 103.1
95.2 107.6 102.9 99.0 98.1
83.5 90.0 95.3 100.2 104.4
87.6 95.2 97.8 99.7 102.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3 124.0
108.0 109.8 113.6 118.3 123.7
107.0 108.0 111.6 115.9 121.6
107.2 108.8 112.6 117.0 122.4
108.4 112.6 117.2 122.3 128.1
109.1 113.5 118.2 123.4 129.0
105.4 104.4 107.7 111.5 116.7
105.2 101.4 104.0 107.3 111.6
98.2 77.2 80.2 80.8 87.9
107.1 108.6 111.8 115.8 119.6
104.8 103.5 107.5 111.8 118.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
130.7 136.2 140.3 144.5 148.2
130.3 136.1 140.8 145.1 149.0
128.2 133.5 137.3 141.4 144.8
128.8 133.8 137.5 141.2 144.7
134.7 140.9 145.4 150.0 154.1
135.5 142.1 147.3 152.2 156.5
122.8 126.6 129.1 131.5 133.8
117.0 120.4 123.2 125.3 126.9
101.2 99.1 98.3 97.3 97.6
123.6 128.8 132.5 135.2 137.1
126.0 130.3 132.8 135.1 136.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
152.4 156.9 160.5 163.0 166.6
153.1 157.5 161.1 163.4 167.0
148.6 152.8 155.9 157.2 160.2
148.6 152.8 156.3 158.6 162.0
158.7 163.1 167.1 170.9 174.4
161.2 165.6 169.5 173.4 177.0
136.4 139.9 141.8 141.9 144.4
128.9 131.5 132.2 130.5 132.5
98.8 105.7 105.7 92.1 100.0
139.3 141.3 142.3 143.2 144.1
139.3 143.5 146.4 146.9 151.2
2000 2001 2002 2003
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
172.2 177.1 179.9 184.0
173.0 177.8 180.5 184.7
165.7 169.7 170.8 174.6
167.3 171.9 174.3 178.1
178.6 183.5 187.7 190.6
181.3 186.1 190.5 193.2
149.2 150.7 149.7 151.2
137.7 137.2 134.2 134.5
129.5 125.2 117.1 136.7
144.9 145.3 143.7 140.9
158.2 160.6 161.1 165.3
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-5. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Commodity, Service, and Special Groups, 1967–2003—Continued (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Services Year
Nondurables Nondurables less food and less food apparel
Total 1
Rent of Shelter 2
Gas (piped) and electricity
Transporta- Medical care tion services services
Other services
Services less medical care
Energy
Services less energy
1967 ..................................... 1968 ..................................... 1969 .....................................
37.6 39.1 40.9
32.6 33.7 34.9
28.8 30.3 32.4
... ... ...
23.7 23.9 24.3
32.6 33.9 36.3
26.0 27.9 30.2
36.0 38.1 40.0
29.3 30.8 32.9
23.8 24.2 24.8
29.3 30.9 33.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
42.5 44.0 45.0 46.9 52.9
36.3 37.6 38.6 40.3 46.9
35.0 37.0 38.4 40.1 43.8
... ... ... ... ...
25.4 27.1 28.5 29.9 34.5
40.2 43.4 44.4 44.7 46.3
32.3 34.7 35.9 37.5 41.4
42.2 44.4 45.6 47.7 51.3
35.6 37.5 38.9 40.6 44.3
25.5 26.5 27.2 29.4 38.1
36.0 38.0 39.4 41.1 44.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
57.0 59.5 62.5 65.5 74.6
51.5 54.1 57.2 60.4 71.2
48.0 52.0 56.0 60.8 67.5
... ... ... ... ...
40.1 44.7 50.5 55.0 61.0
49.8 56.9 61.5 64.4 69.5
46.6 51.3 56.4 61.2 67.2
55.1 58.4 62.1 66.4 71.9
48.3 52.2 55.9 60.7 67.5
42.1 45.1 49.4 52.5 65.7
48.8 52.7 56.5 61.3 68.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
88.4 96.7 98.3 100.0 101.7
87.1 96.8 98.2 100.0 101.8
77.9 88.1 96.0 99.4 104.6
... ... ... 102.7 107.7
71.4 81.9 93.2 101.5 105.4
79.2 88.6 96.1 99.1 104.8
74.8 82.8 92.6 100.7 106.7
78.7 86.1 93.5 100.0 106.5
78.2 88.7 96.4 99.2 104.4
86.0 97.7 99.2 99.9 100.9
78.5 88.7 96.3 99.2 104.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
104.1 98.5 101.8 105.8 111.7
104.1 96.9 100.3 104.0 111.3
109.9 115.4 120.2 125.7 131.9
113.9 120.2 125.9 132.0 138.0
107.1 105.7 103.8 104.6 107.5
110.0 116.3 121.9 128.0 135.6
113.2 121.9 130.0 138.3 148.9
113.0 119.4 125.7 132.6 140.9
109.6 114.6 119.1 124.3 130.1
101.6 88.2 88.6 89.3 94.3
110.2 116.5 122.0 127.9 134.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
119.9 124.5 127.6 129.3 129.7
120.9 125.7 128.9 130.7 131.6
139.2 146.3 152.0 157.9 163.1
145.5 152.1 157.3 162.0 167.0
109.3 112.6 114.8 118.5 119.2
144.2 151.2 155.7 162.9 168.6
162.7 177.1 190.5 202.9 213.4
150.2 159.8 168.5 177.0 185.4
136.8 143.3 148.4 153.6 158.4
102.1 102.5 103.0 104.2 104.6
142.3 149.8 155.9 161.9 167.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
130.9 134.5 136.3 134.6 139.4
134.1 139.5 141.8 139.2 147.5
168.7 174.1 179.4 184.2 188.8
172.4 178.0 183.4 189.6 195.0
119.2 122.1 125.1 121.2 120.9
175.9 180.5 185.0 187.9 190.7
224.2 232.4 239.1 246.8 255.1
193.3 201.4 209.6 216.9 223.1
163.5 168.7 173.9 178.4 182.7
105.2 110.1 111.5 102.9 106.6
173.7 179.4 185.0 190.6 195.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
149.1 149.1 147.4 151.9
162.9 164.1 163.3 172.1
195.3 203.4 209.8 216.5
201.3 208.9 216.7 221.9
128.0 142.4 134.4 145.0
196.1 201.9 209.1 216.3
266.0 278.8 292.9 306.0
229.9 238.0 246.4 254.4
188.9 196.6 202.5 208.7
124.6 129.3 121.7 136.5
202.1 209.6 217.5 223.8
1Includes tenants and household 2December 1982 = 100.
. . . = Not available.
insurance, water, sewer, trash, and household operations services, not shown separately.
PRICES
349
Table 7-6. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Selected Groups, and Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar, 1913–2003 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Rent of primary residence
Food
Owners’ equivalent of primary residence 1
Purchasing power of the consumer dollar 2
Apparel
1913 .............................................................................. 1914 ..............................................................................
9.9 10.0
10.0 10.2
21.0 21.0
... ...
14.9 15.0
10.077 9.942
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
10.1 10.9 12.8 15.1 17.3
10.0 11.3 14.5 16.7 18.6
21.1 21.3 21.2 21.5 23.3
... ... ... ... ...
15.3 16.8 20.2 27.3 36.2
9.843 9.152 7.793 6.635 5.779
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
20.0 17.9 16.8 17.1 17.1
21.0 15.9 14.9 15.4 15.2
27.4 31.5 32.4 33.2 34.4
... ... ... ... ...
43.1 33.2 27.0 27.1 26.8
4.989 5.585 5.962 5.857 5.845
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
17.5 17.7 17.4 17.1 17.1
16.5 17.0 16.4 16.3 16.5
34.6 34.2 33.7 32.9 32.1
... ... ... ... ...
26.3 25.9 25.3 25.0 24.7
5.701 5.647 5.755 5.833 5.833
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
16.7 15.2 13.7 13.0 13.4
15.6 12.9 10.7 10.4 11.6
31.2 29.6 26.5 22.9 21.4
... ... ... ... ...
24.2 22.0 19.5 18.8 20.6
5.986 6.563 7.317 7.712 7.464
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
13.7 13.9 14.4 14.1 13.9
12.4 12.6 13.1 12.1 11.8
21.4 21.9 22.9 23.7 23.7
... ... ... ... ...
20.8 21.0 22.0 21.9 21.6
7.281 7.213 6.961 7.093 7.195
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
14.0 14.7 16.3 17.3 17.6
12.0 13.1 15.4 17.1 16.9
23.7 24.2 24.7 24.7 24.8
... ... ... ... ...
21.8 22.8 26.7 27.8 29.8
7.126 6.788 6.132 5.779 5.680
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
18.0 19.5 22.3 24.1 23.8
17.3 19.8 24.1 26.1 25.0
24.8 25.0 25.8 27.5 28.7
... ... ... ... ...
31.4 34.4 39.9 42.5 40.8
5.552 5.115 4.474 4.151 4.193
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
24.1 26.0 26.5 26.7 26.9
25.4 28.2 28.7 28.3 28.2
29.7 30.9 32.2 33.9 35.1
... ... ... ... ...
40.3 43.9 43.5 43.1 43.1
4.151 3.846 3.765 3.735 3.717
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
26.8 27.2 28.1 28.9 29.1
27.8 28.0 28.9 30.2 29.7
35.6 36.3 37.0 37.6 38.2
... ... ... ... ...
42.9 43.7 44.5 44.6 45.0
3.732 3.678 3.549 3.457 3.427
1December 1982 = 2Purchasing power
. . . = Not available.
100. in 1982–1984 = $1.00.
350
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-6. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Selected Groups, and Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar, 1913–2003—Continued (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Rent of primary residence
Food
Owners’ equivalent of primary residence 1
Purchasing power of the consumer dollar 2
Apparel
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
29.6 29.9 30.2 30.6 31.0
30.0 30.4 30.6 31.1 31.5
38.7 39.2 39.7 40.1 40.5
... ... ... ... ...
45.7 46.1 46.3 46.9 47.3
3.373 3.340 3.304 3.265 3.220
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
31.5 32.4 33.4 34.8 36.7
32.2 33.8 34.1 35.3 37.1
40.9 41.5 42.2 43.3 44.7
... ... ... ... ...
47.8 49.0 51.0 53.7 56.8
3.166 3.080 2.993 2.873 2.726
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
38.8 40.5 41.8 44.4 49.3
39.2 40.4 42.1 48.2 55.1
46.5 48.7 50.4 52.5 55.2
... ... ... ... ...
59.2 61.1 62.3 64.6 69.4
2.574 2.466 2.391 2.251 2.029
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
53.8 56.9 60.6 65.2 72.6
59.8 61.6 65.5 72.0 79.9
58.0 61.1 64.8 69.3 74.3
... ... ... ... ...
72.5 75.2 78.6 81.4 84.9
1.859 1.757 1.649 1.532 1.380
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
82.4 90.9 96.5 99.6 103.9
86.8 93.6 97.4 99.4 103.2
80.9 87.9 94.6 100.1 105.3
... ... ... 102.5 107.3
90.9 95.3 97.8 100.2 102.1
1.215 1.098 1.035 1.003 0.961
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3 124.0
105.6 109.0 113.5 118.2 125.1
111.8 118.3 123.1 127.8 132.8
113.2 119.4 124.8 131.1 137.4
105.0 105.9 110.6 115.4 118.6
0.928 0.913 0.880 0.846 0.807
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
130.7 136.2 140.3 144.5 148.2
132.4 136.3 137.9 140.9 144.3
138.4 143.3 146.9 150.3 154.0
144.8 150.4 155.5 160.5 165.8
124.1 128.7 131.9 133.7 133.4
0.766 0.734 0.713 0.692 0.675
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
152.4 156.9 160.5 163.0 166.6
148.4 153.3 157.3 160.7 164.1
157.8 162.0 166.7 172.1 177.5
171.3 176.8 181.9 187.8 192.9
132.0 131.7 132.9 133.0 131.3
0.656 0.638 0.623 0.614 0.600
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
172.2 177.1 179.9 184.0
167.8 173.1 176.2 180.0
183.9 192.1 199.7 205.5
198.7 206.3 214.7 219.9
129.6 127.3 124.0 120.9
0.581 0.565 0.556 0.544
1December 1982 = 2Purchasing power
. . . = Not available.
100. in 1982–1984 = $1.00.
PRICES
351
Table 7-7. Consumer Price Indexes, Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1913–2003 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation 1
Education and communication 1
Other goods and services
1913 .......................................................... 1914 ..........................................................
10.0 10.1
... ...
... ...
15.0 15.1
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
10.2 11.0 12.9 15.1 17.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
15.4 16.9 20.3 27.5 36.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
20.1 18.0 16.9 17.2 17.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
43.3 33.4 27.2 27.2 26.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
17.6 17.8 17.5 17.2 17.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
26.4 26.0 25.5 25.1 24.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
16.8 15.3 13.7 13.0 13.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
24.3 22.1 19.6 18.9 20.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
13.8 13.9 14.4 14.2 14.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
20.9 21.1 22.1 22.0 21.7
14.1 14.2 14.5 14.6 14.2
10.2 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
14.1 14.8 16.4 17.4 17.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
21.9 23.0 26.8 28.0 30.0
14.1 14.6 15.9 15.8 15.8
10.4 10.5 10.8 11.3 11.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
18.1 19.6 22.5 24.2 24.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
31.5 34.6 40.1 42.7 41.0
15.8 16.6 18.4 20.4 22.0
11.9 12.6 13.6 14.5 14.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
24.2 26.1 26.7 26.9 27.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
40.5 44.1 43.7 43.3 43.3
22.6 24.0 25.6 26.3 25.9
15.2 15.9 16.8 17.4 17.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1December
1997 = 100. . . . = Not available.
352
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-7. Consumer Price Indexes, Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1913–2003—Continued (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation 1
Education and communication 1
Other goods and services
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
26.9 27.3 28.3 29.1 29.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
43.1 44.0 44.7 44.8 45.2
25.6 26.1 27.6 28.4 29.6
18.3 19.0 19.8 20.7 21.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
29.8 30.1 30.4 30.8 31.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
45.9 46.3 46.6 47.1 47.5
29.6 30.0 30.6 30.8 31.2
22.4 23.0 23.6 24.2 24.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
31.7 32.6 33.6 35.0 36.9
... ... 35.0 36.2 38.0
... ... 31.1 32.3 34.3
48.0 49.2 51.2 54.0 57.1
31.7 32.2 33.1 34.1 35.5
25.3 26.4 28.3 30.0 32.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... 35.4 37.2 39.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
39.0 40.7 42.1 44.7 49.6
40.1 41.3 43.1 48.8 55.5
36.7 38.3 39.8 41.5 46.2
59.5 61.4 62.7 65.0 69.8
37.3 39.2 39.7 41.0 45.5
34.1 36.3 37.5 39.0 42.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
41.3 43.3 45.1 46.9 50.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
54.1 57.2 60.9 65.6 73.1
60.2 62.0 65.7 72.1 79.9
51.1 54.2 57.9 62.9 70.7
72.9 75.6 79.0 81.7 85.2
49.8 54.7 58.6 61.5 70.4
47.7 52.3 57.3 62.1 68.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
54.4 57.6 60.9 64.8 69.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
82.9 91.4 96.9 99.8 103.3
86.9 93.6 97.3 99.5 103.2
81.7 91.1 97.7 100.0 102.2
90.9 95.6 97.8 100.2 102.0
82.9 93.0 97.0 99.2 103.8
75.6 83.5 92.5 100.5 106.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
75.6 82.5 90.9 101.3 107.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
106.9 108.6 112.5 117.0 122.6
105.5 108.9 113.3 117.9 124.6
106.6 109.7 112.8 116.8 121.2
105.0 105.8 110.4 114.9 117.9
106.4 101.7 105.1 108.3 113.9
113.6 122.0 130.2 139.0 149.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
114.2 120.9 127.8 136.5 147.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
129.0 134.3 138.2 142.1 145.6
131.8 136.5 138.3 141.2 144.4
126.4 131.2 135.0 138.5 142.0
123.1 127.4 130.7 132.4 132.2
120.1 123.1 125.8 129.4 133.4
162.7 176.5 189.6 200.9 210.4
... ... ... 91.2 93.0
... ... ... 86.0 89.1
158.9 171.7 183.3 192.2 196.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
149.8 154.1 157.6 159.7 163.2
148.3 153.2 157.2 160.4 163.8
145.4 149.6 153.4 156.7 160.0
130.9 130.9 132.1 131.6 130.1
138.8 142.8 143.6 140.5 143.4
219.8 227.6 234.0 241.4 249.7
94.7 97.5 99.7 100.9 101.3
92.3 95.4 98.5 100.4 101.5
204.2 212.2 221.6 236.1 261.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
168.9 173.5 175.9 179.8
167.7 173.0 176.1 179.9
165.4 172.1 175.7 180.4
128.3 126.1 123.1 120.0
152.8 153.6 151.8 156.3
259.9 271.8 284.6 296.3
102.4 103.6 104.6 105.5
102.7 105.3 107.6 109.0
276.5 289.5 302.0 307.0
1December
1997 = 100. . . . = Not available.
PRICES
353
Consumer Price Index, All Items and Medical Care, Annual Percent Change, 1993–2003 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0
All items
6.0
Medical care commodities Medical care— professional services
5.0 4.0
Hospital and related services
3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
The CPI for hospital services continued to increase very rapidly at 7.3 percent. However, this is a smaller increase than in 2002 when it increased at a rate of 8.7 percent. This increase exceeded the other components of medical care: commodities, and profesional services, which increased 2.5 percent and 2.9 percent respectively. The all items index increased 2.3 percent. (Table 7-8)
354
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-8. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, by Expenditure Category, 1989–2003 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Expenditure category
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
ALL ITEMS ...................................................................
124.0
130.7
136.2
140.3
144.5
148.2
152.4
156.9
160.5
163.0
166.6
172.2
177.1
179.9
184.0
Food And Beverages .................................................. Food .............................................................................. Food at home ............................................................ Cereals and bakery products ................................ Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ............................... Dairy and related products .................................... Fruits and vegetables ............................................ Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials ............................................................ Other food at home ............................................... Sugar and sweets .............................................. Fats and oils ...................................................... Other foods ........................................................ Other miscellaneous foods 1 .......................... Food away from home ............................................... Other food away from home 1 ................................ Alcoholic beverages ......................................................
124.9 125.1 124.2 132.4 121.3 115.6 138.0
132.1 132.4 132.3 140.0 130.0 126.5 149.0
136.8 136.3 135.8 145.8 132.6 125.1 155.8
138.7 137.9 136.8 151.5 130.9 128.5 155.4
141.6 140.9 140.1 156.6 135.5 129.4 159.0
144.9 144.3 144.1 163.0 137.2 131.7 165.0
148.9 148.4 148.8 167.5 138.8 132.8 177.7
153.7 153.3 154.3 174.0 144.8 142.1 183.9
157.7 157.3 158.1 177.6 148.5 145.5 187.5
161.1 160.7 161.1 181.1 147.3 150.8 198.2
164.6 164.1 164.2 185.0 147.9 159.6 203.1
168.4 167.8 167.9 188.3 154.5 160.7 204.6
173.6 173.1 173.4 193.8 161.3 167.1 212.2
176.8 176.2 175.6 198.0 162.1 168.1 220.9
180.5 180.0 179.4 202.8 169.3 167.9 225.9
111.3 119.1 119.4 121.2 125.5 ... 127.4 ... 123.5
113.5 123.4 124.7 126.3 131.2 ... 133.4 ... 129.3
114.1 127.3 129.3 131.7 137.1 ... 137.9 ... 142.8
114.3 128.8 133.1 129.8 140.1 ... 140.7 ... 147.3
114.6 130.5 133.4 130.0 143.7 ... 143.2 ... 149.6
123.2 135.6 135.2 133.5 147.5 ... 145.7 ... 151.5
131.7 140.8 137.5 137.3 151.1 ... 149.0 ... 153.9
128.6 142.9 143.7 140.5 156.2 ... 152.7 ... 158.5
133.4 147.3 147.8 141.7 161.2 ... 157.0 ... 162.8
133.0 150.8 150.2 146.9 165.5 102.6 161.1 101.6 165.7
134.3 153.5 152.3 148.3 168.9 104.9 165.1 105.2 169.7
137.8 155.6 154.0 147.4 172.2 107.5 169.0 109.0 174.7
139.2 159.6 155.7 155.7 176.0 108.9 173.9 113.4 179.3
139.2 160.8 159.0 155.4 177.1 109.2 178.3 117.7 183.6
139.8 162.6 162.0 157.4 178.8 110.3 182.1 121.3 187.2
Housing ........................................................................ Shelter ........................................................................... Rent of primary residence ......................................... Lodging away from home 1 ........................................ Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence 2 ......... Tenants’ and household insurance 1 ......................... Fuels and utilities ........................................................... Fuels .......................................................................... Fuel oil and other household fuels ........................ Gas (piped) and electricity ..................................... Water and sewer and trash collection services 1 ....... Household furnishings and operation ............................ Household operations 1 .............................................
123.0 132.8 132.8 ... 137.4 ... 107.8 100.9 81.7 107.5 ... 111.2 ...
128.5 140.0 138.4 ... 144.8 ... 111.6 104.5 99.3 109.3 ... 113.3 ...
133.6 146.3 143.3 ... 150.4 ... 115.3 106.7 94.6 112.6 ... 116.0 ...
137.5 151.2 146.9 ... 155.5 ... 117.8 108.1 90.7 114.8 ... 118.0 ...
141.2 155.7 150.3 ... 160.5 ... 121.3 111.2 90.3 118.5 ... 119.3 ...
144.8 160.5 154.0 ... 165.8 ... 122.8 111.7 88.8 119.2 ... 121.0 ...
148.5 165.7 157.8 ... 171.3 ... 123.7 111.5 88.1 119.2 ... 123.0 ...
152.8 171.0 162.0 ... 176.8 ... 127.5 115.2 99.2 122.1 ... 124.7 ...
156.8 176.3 166.7 ... 181.9 ... 130.8 117.9 99.8 125.1 ... 125.4 ...
160.4 182.1 172.1 109.0 187.8 99.8 128.5 113.7 90.0 121.2 101.6 126.6 101.5
163.9 187.3 177.5 112.3 192.9 101.3 128.8 113.5 91.4 120.9 104.0 126.7 104.5
169.6 193.4 183.9 117.5 198.7 103.7 137.9 122.8 129.7 128.0 106.5 128.2 110.5
176.4 200.6 192.1 118.6 206.3 106.2 150.2 135.4 129.3 142.4 109.6 129.1 115.6
180.3 208.1 199.7 118.3 214.7 108.7 143.6 127.2 115.5 134.4 113.0 128.3 119.0
184.8 213.1 205.5 119.3 219.9 114.8 154.5 138.2 139.5 145.0 117.2 126.1 121.8
Apparel ......................................................................... Men’s and boys’ apparel ............................................... Women’s and girls’ apparel ........................................... Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel ........................................ Footwear .......................................................................
118.6 117.0 116.4 119.1 114.4
124.1 120.4 122.6 125.8 117.4
128.7 124.2 127.6 128.9 120.9
131.9 126.5 130.4 129.3 125.0
133.7 127.5 132.6 127.1 125.9
133.4 126.4 130.9 128.1 126.0
132.0 126.2 126.9 127.2 125.4
131.7 127.7 124.7 129.7 126.6
132.9 130.1 126.1 129.0 127.6
133.0 131.8 126.0 126.1 128.0
131.3 131.1 123.3 129.0 125.7
129.6 129.7 121.5 130.6 123.8
127.3 125.7 119.3 129.2 123.0
124.0 121.7 115.8 126.4 121.4
120.9 118.0 113.1 122.1 119.6
Transportation ............................................................. Private transportation .................................................... New and used motor vehicles 1 ................................. New vehicles ......................................................... Used cars and trucks ............................................. Motor fuel .................................................................. Gasoline (all types) ................................................ Motor vehicle parts and equipment ........................... Motor vehicle maintenance and repair ...................... Public transportation ......................................................
114.1 112.9 ... 119.2 120.4 88.5 88.5 100.2 124.9 129.5
120.5 118.8 ... 121.4 117.6 101.2 101.0 100.9 130.1 142.6
123.8 121.9 ... 126.0 118.1 99.4 99.2 102.2 136.0 148.9
126.5 124.6 ... 129.2 123.2 99.0 99.0 103.1 141.3 151.4
130.4 127.5 91.8 132.7 133.9 98.0 97.7 101.6 145.9 167.0
134.3 131.4 95.5 137.6 141.7 98.5 98.2 101.4 150.2 172.0
139.1 136.3 99.4 141.0 156.5 100.0 99.8 102.1 154.0 175.9
143.0 140.0 101.0 143.7 157.0 106.3 105.9 102.2 158.4 181.9
144.3 141.0 100.5 144.3 151.1 106.2 105.8 101.9 162.7 186.7
141.6 137.9 100.1 143.4 150.6 92.2 91.6 101.1 167.1 190.3
144.4 140.5 100.1 142.9 152.0 100.7 100.1 100.5 171.9 197.7
153.3 149.1 100.8 142.8 155.8 129.3 128.6 101.5 177.3 209.6
154.3 150.0 101.3 142.1 158.7 124.7 124.0 104.8 183.5 210.6
152.9 148.8 99.2 140.0 152.0 116.6 116.0 106.9 190.2 207.4
157.6 153.6 96.5 137.9 142.9 135.8 135.1 107.8 195.6 209.3
Medical Care ................................................................ Medical care commodities ............................................. Medical care services .................................................... Professional services ................................................ Hospital and related services ....................................
149.3 150.8 148.9 146.4 160.5
162.8 163.4 162.7 156.1 178.0
177.0 176.8 177.1 165.7 196.1
190.1 188.1 190.5 175.8 214.0
201.4 195.0 202.9 184.7 231.9
211.0 200.7 213.4 192.5 245.6
220.5 204.5 224.2 201.0 257.8
228.2 210.4 232.4 208.3 269.5
234.6 215.3 239.1 215.4 278.4
242.1 221.8 246.8 222.2 287.5
250.6 230.7 255.1 229.2 299.5
260.8 238.1 266.0 237.7 317.3
272.8 247.6 278.8 246.5 338.3
285.6 256.4 292.9 253.9 367.8
297.1 262.8 306.0 261.2 394.8
Recreation 1 .................................................................. Video and audio 1 ..........................................................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
90.7 96.5
92.7 95.4
94.5 95.1
97.4 96.6
99.6 99.4
101.1 101.1
102.0 100.7
103.3 101.0
104.9 101.5
106.2 102.8
107.5 103.6
Education And Communication 1 ............................... Education 1 .................................................................... Educational books and supplies ................................ Tuition, other school fees, and child care .................. Communication 1 ........................................................... Information and information processing 1 .................. Telephone services 1 ................................................. Information technology, hardware, and services 3 ..... Personal computers and peripheral equipment 1 .......................................................
... ... 158.0 ... ... ... ... 96.3
... ... 171.3 ... ... ... ... 93.5
... ... 180.3 ... ... ... ... 88.6
... ... 190.3 ... ... ... ... 83.7
85.5 78.4 197.6 225.3 96.7 97.7 ... 78.8
88.8 83.3 205.5 239.8 97.6 98.6 ... 72.0
92.2 88.0 214.4 253.8 98.8 98.7 ... 63.8
95.3 92.7 226.9 267.1 99.6 99.5 ... 57.2
98.4 97.3 238.4 280.4 100.3 100.4 ... 50.1
100.3 102.1 250.8 294.2 98.7 98.5 100.7 39.9
101.2 107.0 261.7 308.4 96.0 95.5 100.1 30.5
102.5 112.5 279.9 324.0 93.6 92.8 98.5 25.9
105.2 118.5 295.9 341.1 93.3 92.3 99.3 21.3
107.9 126.0 317.6 362.1 92.3 90.8 99.7 18.3
109.8 134.4 335.4 386.7 89.7 87.8 98.3 16.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
78.2
53.5
41.1
29.5
22.2
17.6
Other Goods And Services ......................................... Tobacco and smoking products .................................... Personal care ................................................................ Personal care products ............................................. Personal care services .............................................. Miscellaneous personal services ...............................
147.7 164.4 ... 123.2 126.8 148.1
159.0 181.5 ... 128.2 132.8 158.4
171.6 202.7 ... 132.8 137.0 168.8
183.3 219.8 ... 136.5 140.0 177.5
192.9 228.4 141.5 139.0 144.0 186.1
198.5 220.0 144.6 141.5 147.9 195.9
206.9 225.7 147.1 143.1 151.5 205.9
215.4 232.8 150.1 144.3 156.6 215.6
224.8 243.7 152.7 144.2 162.4 226.1
237.7 274.8 156.7 148.3 166.0 234.7
258.3 355.8 161.1 151.8 171.4 243.0
271.1 394.9 165.6 153.7 178.1 252.3
282.6 425.2 170.5 155.1 184.3 263.1
293.2 461.5 174.7 154.7 188.4 274.4
298.7 469.0 178.0 153.5 193.2 283.5
1December 2December 3December
1997 = 100. 1982 = 100. 1988 = 100. . . . = Not available.
PRICES
355
Table 7-9. Relative Importance of Components in the Consumer Price Index, U.S. City Average, December 1997–December 2003 (Percent of all items.) Index and year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation
Education and communication
Other goods and services
All URBAN CONSUMERS (CPI-U) December 1997 ...................................... December 1998 ...................................... December 1999 ...................................... December 2000 ...................................... December 2001 (1993–1995 Weights) ..
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.3 16.4 16.3 16.2 16.4
39.6 39.8 39.6 40.0 40.5
4.9 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.2
17.6 17.0 17.5 17.6 16.6
5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0
6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9
5.5 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.4
4.3 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
December 2001 (1999–2000 Weights) .. December 2002 ...................................... December 2003 ......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
15.7 15.6 15.4
40.9 40.9 42.1
4.4 4.2 4.0
17.1 17.3 16.9
5.8 6.0 6.1
6.0 5.9 5.9
5.8 5.8 5.9
4.3 4.4 3.8
December 1997 ...................................... December 1998 ...................................... December 1999 ...................................... December 2000 ...................................... December 2001 (1993–1995 Weights) ..
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
17.9 18.0 17.9 17.8 18.0
36.5 36.7 36.5 36.8 37.3
5.3 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6
19.8 19.2 19.7 19.9 18.8
4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.9
6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7
5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.3
4.5 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4
December 2001 (1999–2000 Weights) .. December 2002 ...................................... December 2003 ......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
17.2 17.1 17.2
38.1 38.1 39.1
4.8 4.6 4.4
19.4 19.7 19.1
4.6 4.7 5.0
5.6 5.6 5.7
5.6 5.6 5.6
4.5 4.6 3.9
URBAN WAGE EARNERS AND WORKERS (CPI-W)
356
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-10. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers, All Items, Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1965–2003 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Area
1965
1975
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
32.6 32.8 32.5 31.4
57.6 56.8 55.8 52.4
82.1 83.6 82.6 81.0
90.1 92.1 91.8 89.3
95.3 96.6 95.5 94.4
99.8 99.4 99.8 101.1
104.8 104.1 104.7 104.5
108.7 108.8 109.4 106.9
112.3 111.5 112.2 108.2
118.0 116.8 117.1 111.4
123.7 122.4 124.2 114.9
130.6 128.3 131.3 120.1
138.5 135.8 138.9 126.2
31.7 31.2 31.7 29.6 30.1 31.0 30.5 32.2
52.8 53.9 52.6 50.2 51.2 50.8 51.8 53.2
82.2 85.3 82.5 78.9 78.9 81.4 82.1 83.6
90.0 93.2 90.1 87.2 88.6 90.7 87.9 90.5
96.2 97.0 96.6 94.0 97.4 95.9 94.9 95.0
100.0 99.8 100.1 101.2 99.5 100.2 100.8 100.5
103.8 103.2 103.3 104.8 103.1 103.8 104.3 104.5
107.7 106.8 107.1 107.8 107.0 107.0 106.6 107.7
110.0 108.3 108.6 109.4 108.4 107.4 107.6 108.7
114.5 111.7 112.2 112.7 111.6 111.5 111.9 113.1
119.0 116.1 115.7 116.7 117.2 115.9 116.1 117.4
125.0 122.3 121.8 122.7 122.0 120.8 120.9 121.6
131.7 128.6 128.1 129.0 127.0 126.2 126.5 126.0
31.6 31.9 ... 29.9 29.6 31.2 ... ...
39.1 39.8 ... 50.4 51.4 53.6 ... ...
83.7 82.9 ... 81.5 82.7 80.3 81.1 ...
91.5 90.5 ... 90.8 91.0 90.2 90.5 ...
95.6 95.5 ... 96.0 97.3 96.0 96.7 ...
99.9 99.8 ... 99.7 100.0 99.9 99.9 ...
104.5 104.6 ... 104.3 102.7 104.1 103.5 ...
108.2 109.0 ... 108.2 104.9 108.9 106.5 ...
110.9 112.2 ... 109.9 103.9 112.2 107.9 ...
114.2 116.2 ... 112.9 106.5 116.5 111.8 100.0
119.3 121.0 ... 116.1 109.5 120.4 116.8 103.7
124.5 128.0 ... 119.5 114.1 126.1 121.5 107.2
130.8 135.6 ... 125.1 120.6 131.7 128.0 111.7
32.4 30.8 31.0 28.2 32.3 34.4 35.3 28.8
53.3 51.8 51.1 47.6 53.5 56.3 57.1 48.4
83.7 80.4 82.7 79.4 87.2 83.0 85.5 78.4
91.9 90.8 91.8 90.1 95.0 91.7 92.4 87.2
97.3 97.6 97.7 96.2 98.0 97.2 97.4 95.1
99.1 98.4 99.3 99.0 99.1 99.3 99.2 100.5
103.6 104.0 103.0 104.8 102.8 103.5 103.3 104.3
108.4 108.4 105.6 110.4 106.7 106.8 105.8 107.1
111.9 111.6 106.7 113.5 108.2 109.4 107.8 107.9
116.7 115.4 109.2 117.5 110.9 114.9 108.2 110.8
122.1 120.5 112.8 123.4 114.7 121.7 108.6 113.7
128.3 126.4 118.1 130.6 120.4 128.7 111.7 115.8
135.9 132.1 126.8 138.4 127.4 138.1 118.6 120.9
Area
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island ................................... Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City .............................................. Boston-Brockton-Nashua ................................................................. Pittsburgh .........................................................................................
144.8 142.2 145.0 131.3
150.0 146.6 148.6 136.0
154.5 150.2 152.9 139.9
158.2 154.6 154.9 144.6
162.2 158.7 158.6 149.2
166.9 162.8 163.3 153.2
170.8 166.5 167.9 157.0
173.6 168.2 171.7 159.2
177.0 171.9 176.0 162.5
182.5 176.5 183.6 168.0
187.1 181.3 191.5 172.5
191.9 184.9 196.5 174.0
197.8 188.8 203.9 177.5
137.0 133.1 132.1 134.2 130.4 132.2 131.4 131.2
141.1 135.9 134.7 136.8 135.0 137.1 134.1 134.3
145.4 139.6 137.5 140.3 139.2 142.1 137.8 138.1
148.6 144.0 141.3 144.4 143.6 147.0 142.4 141.3
153.3 148.6 145.2 147.9 147.0 151.0 146.2 145.3
157.4 152.5 149.6 152.0 151.9 154.7 149.6 151.6
161.7 156.3 152.9 156.1 155.4 157.7 152.1 155.8
165.0 159.8 154.5 159.8 158.3 160.3 155.1 157.8
168.4 163.9 157.6 162.5 163.3 163.7 159.2 160.1
173.8 169.8 163.1 168.0 170.1 168.6 164.8 166.6
178.3 174.4 167.3 172.9 176.5 171.7 167.9 172.2
181.2 178.9 169.1 173.3 179.6 174.0 170.0 174.0
184.5 182.5 173.4 176.2 182.7 177.7 173.4 177.0
136.4 141.2 ... 130.8 125.1 135.9 132.3 116.4
140.1 144.7 ... 133.9 129.1 138.5 134.5 119.2
143.1 149.3 ... 137.3 133.4 143.4 139.1 124.0
146.9 152.2 ... 141.2 137.9 146.7 143.6 126.5
150.7 155.3 ... 144.9 139.8 150.9 148.9 129.7
154.2 159.6 ... 148.8 142.7 156.0 153.7 131.6
... ... 100.8 151.4 145.4 158.9 158.4 134.0
... ... 102.1 153.6 146.8 161.2 160.5 137.5
... ... 104.2 158.0 148.7 164.8 162.4 140.6
... ... 107.6 164.7 154.2 170.6 167.8 145.7
... ... 110.4 170.4 158.8 176.2 173.0 148.8
... ... 113.0 172.7 159.2 178.2 175.5 153.9
... ... 116.2 176.2 163.7 180.8 180.6 158.1
141.4 137.9 134.1 143.4 133.9 148.0 124.0 125.6
146.5 142.5 139.0 147.4 139.8 155.1 128.2 130.3
150.3 146.3 142.9 150.6 144.7 160.1 132.2 135.8
152.3 148.7 147.8 154.5 148.9 164.5 135.0 141.8
154.6 151.6 152.3 156.8 153.2 168.1 138.9 147.9
157.5 155.1 157.5 160.9 158.6 170.7 142.7 153.1
160.0 160.4 163.0 163.7 164.0 171.9 144.8 158.1
162.3 165.5 167.7 166.9 167.1 171.5 146.9 161.9
166.1 172.5 172.8 172.8 172.6 173.3 148.4 166.6
171.6 180.2 179.2 182.8 178.0 176.3 150.9 173.2
177.3 189.9 185.7 191.2 182.4 178.4 155.2 181.3
182.2 193.0 189.3 197.9 183.8 180.3 158.2 184.8
187.0 196.4 192.3 205.3 186.3 184.5 162.5 186.8
NORTHEAST New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island ................................... Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City .............................................. Boston-Brockton-Nashua ................................................................. Pittsburgh ......................................................................................... NORTH CENTRAL Chicago-Gary-Kenosha ................................................................... Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint ..................................................................... St. Louis ........................................................................................... Cleveland-Akron .............................................................................. Minneapolis-St. Paul ........................................................................ Milwaukee-Racine ............................................................................ Cincinnati-Hamilton .......................................................................... Kansas City ...................................................................................... SOUTH Baltimore .......................................................................................... Washington ...................................................................................... Washington-Baltimore 1 ................................................................... Dallas-Fort Worth ............................................................................. Houston-Galveston-Brazoria ............................................................ Atlanta .............................................................................................. Miami-Fort Lauderdale ..................................................................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater 2 ................................................. WEST Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County ........................................... San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose ................................................... Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton .............................................................. San Diego ........................................................................................ Portland-Salem ................................................................................ Honolulu ........................................................................................... Anchorage ........................................................................................ Denver-Boulder-Greeley ..................................................................
NORTHEAST
NORTH CENTRAL Chicago-Gary-Kenosha ................................................................... Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint ..................................................................... St. Louis ........................................................................................... Cleveland-Akron .............................................................................. Minneapolis-St. Paul ........................................................................ Milwaukee-Racine ............................................................................ Cincinnati-Hamilton .......................................................................... Kansas City ...................................................................................... SOUTH Baltimore .......................................................................................... Washington ...................................................................................... Washington-Baltimore 1 ................................................................... Dallas-Fort Worth ............................................................................. Houston-Galveston-Brazoria ............................................................ Atlanta .............................................................................................. Miami-Fort Lauderdale ..................................................................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater 2 ................................................. WEST Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County ........................................... San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose ................................................... Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton .............................................................. San Diego ........................................................................................ Portland-Salem ................................................................................ Honolulu ........................................................................................... Anchorage ........................................................................................ Denver-Boulder-Greeley .................................................................. 1November 1996 21987 = 100.
= 100.
. . . = Not available.
PRICES
357
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS EXPORT AND IMPORT PRICE INDEXES NOTE: The index base is 2000. Collection and Coverage United States export and import price indexes cover transactions in nonmilitary goods between the United States and the rest of the world. The export price indexes provide a measure of price change for U.S. products sold to other countries, and the import price indexes provide a measure of price change for goods purchased from other countries by U.S. residents. Prices used in constructing the indexes are initially collected through personal visits by BLS field representatives; thereafter, the prices generally are collected each month by mail questionnaire or telephone. To the extent possible, products are priced at the U.S. border for exports and at both the foreign border and the U.S. border for imports. For a given product, however, only one price basis series is used in constructing the index. For most products, prices refer to transactions completed during the first week of the month. Indexes published here are based on the Standard Industrial Trade Classification System (SITC), a United Nations product classification system. The SITC is especially useful for international comparisons. These indexes are also published by End Use Category as well as the Harmonized System nomenclature. Prices are collected according to the specification method. The specifications for each product include detailed descriptions of the physical and functional characteristics of the product. The terms of transaction
include information on the number of units bought or sold, discount, credit terms, packaging, class of buyer or seller, etc. When there are changes in either the specifications or terms of transaction of a product, the dollar value of each change is deleted from the total price change in order to obtain the “pure price change.” Once this value is determined, a linking procedure is employed which allows for continued re-pricing of the item. At the elementary level, the price changes for individual items within a given Company/Classification Group cell are generally averaged together using equal weights in order to produce an index at the cell level. These cells are then averaged together using the relative importance of a given company’s trade in the product area, in order to produce an index at the Classification Group level. These Classification Group indexes are then averaged together using weights derived from these company weights in order to produce the lowest level publication strata. Successively higher levels of publication strata are then averaged together using their relative importance based on 1995 U.S. trade values. A limited number of import price indexes based on locality of origin indexes are also produced. BLS also publishes indexes for selected categories of internationally traded services calculated on an international basis. Sources of Additional Information Concepts and methodology are described in Chapter 15 of the BLS Handbook of Methods and in monthly press releases.
358
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003 (2000 = 100.)
Categories
Relative importance 1
1989 March
June
1990
Septem- December ber
March
June
1991
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
100.00
95.2
95.2
94.4
94.4
94.8
95.1
95.8
96.3
96.4
96.1
95.6
95.7
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
7.04 1.33
110.7 87.4
108.7 84.3
103.9 78.5
101.9 76.9
101.1 82.8
102.4 81.4
96.2 81.8
93.3 84.7
96.4 85.0
99.0 84.2
98.0 85.3
100.3 82.8
0.52 2.10 1.34 0.76 0.46
115.6 134.6 88.0 129.5 91.2
108.7 132.2 91.9 121.1 92.0
93.8 126.0 92.1 117.3 91.8
90.4 125.5 89.2 108.4 92.5
89.9 122.1 92.6 102.3 93.4
86.8 126.5 93.2 99.5 94.0
88.8 112.4 90.2 101.0 93.8
87.2 104.7 89.5 104.9 95.0
86.7 107.9 104.0 105.6 93.9
83.5 112.7 111.0 101.9 94.5
77.6 112.7 103.4 107.2 93.8
83.2 119.6 95.6 108.0 94.0
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
0.70 0.45
79.9 80.0
80.2 80.2
82.1 82.2
81.9 81.9
83.4 83.4
84.9 85.0
85.6 85.7
88.0 87.9
89.9 89.9
90.4 90.3
90.9 90.7
92.6 92.4
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
5.45 1.44 0.55 0.57 1.20
100.5 146.5 67.1 101.3 121.4
100.7 136.5 72.8 109.7 116.7
98.0 117.3 75.8 111.4 111.7
96.2 115.2 75.5 110.5 102.8
96.4 115.2 77.1 111.2 102.8
96.7 116.1 76.5 118.2 105.9
97.1 123.5 74.2 116.0 111.9
94.7 123.3 71.9 115.3 103.5
94.6 124.1 73.2 120.3 102.2
91.8 118.7 73.4 123.2 94.5
88.2 116.8 74.3 112.5 92.3
86.2 111.8 74.2 102.6 87.2
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
2.29 1.65
62.0 50.0
65.2 55.8
66.7 57.5
69.1 61.6
68.9 60.1
67.2 57.5
78.3 77.2
80.7 79.2
69.1 59.3
66.3 54.9
66.3 54.9
67.0 56.1
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
13.45 3.08 0.80 0.58 2.46 0.95 0.45 2.29 0.87 1.96
98.3 118.4 ... ... 90.9 86.4 ... ... ... 82.4
95.5 114.8 ... ... 90.8 86.0 ... ... ... 83.2
92.2 106.1 ... ... 91.2 84.4 ... ... ... 83.3
90.2 101.1 ... ... 90.5 84.7 ... ... ... 83.8
90.4 97.4 ... ... 91.4 86.2 ... ... ... 85.8
90.4 93.9 ... ... 91.7 87.4 ... ... ... 86.4
93.3 99.5 ... ... 92.0 87.6 ... ... ... 88.0
97.1 105.1 ... ... 92.5 87.9 ... ... ... 90.0
96.1 100.7 ... ... 92.2 88.1 ... ... ... 91.7
92.5 93.6 ... ... 92.4 88.2 ... ... ... 90.5
91.0 88.6 ... ... 94.0 88.8 ... ... ... 89.6
90.3 88.6 ... ... 94.0 88.5 ... ... ... 89.5
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
10.26 0.77 1.50 1.62 1.48 1.19 1.10 2.15
86.5 80.4 92.3 87.8 81.4 ... 99.6 78.0
86.9 80.4 93.1 88.9 82.8 ... 95.7 78.9
86.6 80.7 92.6 89.2 83.8 ... 92.2 79.3
86.4 81.1 91.2 90.1 84.4 ... 89.2 79.9
86.7 81.3 91.1 91.7 86.3 ... 86.1 80.9
86.8 81.4 90.8 91.2 85.8 ... 87.1 81.2
87.2 82.2 91.3 91.2 85.8 ... 89.2 81.3
87.1 84.2 91.5 92.1 86.6 ... 85.0 82.0
87.3 85.7 91.1 94.1 87.2 ... 81.0 83.1
87.0 86.4 90.7 95.3 87.2 ... 76.5 83.5
86.7 86.6 90.0 94.8 87.2 ... 76.0 83.7
86.7 87.0 90.2 95.1 88.0 ... 73.9 84.0
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
48.64 4.89 3.71 0.63 4.73 5.61
94.9 73.4 78.4 78.4 78.6 195.7
95.3 74.0 79.5 79.5 79.1 193.7
96.0 75.1 80.3 79.8 79.7 193.6
96.6 75.3 81.4 80.4 80.5 193.6
97.4 76.3 82.6 81.1 81.8 193.4
97.9 77.0 82.7 82.1 82.5 193.2
98.3 77.2 83.4 82.2 83.0 192.9
98.8 77.8 84.5 84.2 83.4 190.5
100.3 79.8 85.3 85.9 85.3 190.9
101.0 80.7 86.1 87.7 85.8 189.4
101.4 81.4 86.2 87.9 86.4 187.2
101.7 81.8 86.6 88.3 86.4 185.0
3.41 11.25 8.81
93.4 111.2 85.7
94.1 111.6 86.2
95.1 112.1 86.9
95.8 112.0 87.9
95.5 113.1 88.2
97.3 112.7 88.7
97.8 112.4 89.1
98.3 112.7 90.1
100.7 112.8 90.9
103.4 113.4 91.2
104.9 115.5 91.4
105.8 116.3 92.1
11.17 0.64 0.86
86.6 87.5 ...
87.7 89.8 ...
88.3 89.8 ...
89.3 91.1 ...
89.7 92.3 ...
90.5 93.6 ...
91.8 93.4 ...
93.2 95.2 ...
94.4 96.9 ...
95.1 97.6 ...
95.4 97.7 ...
95.9 97.5 ...
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
4.24
75.8
77.6
78.5
79.6
80.5
81.9
83.8
85.6
86.6
87.8
88.0
88.8
0.95 4.10
95.4 96.0
96.1 95.8
96.3 96.1
97.8 97.0
95.0 97.6
94.6 98.1
96.0 98.7
98.4 99.4
98.8 101.1
98.6 101.2
98.4 101.9
99.4 101.7
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. 1Percent
of total, relative importance in December 1999, based on 1995 trade values. . . . = Not available.
PRICES
359
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1992 Categories March
June
1993
Septem- December ber
March
June
1994
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
96.2
96.5
96.6
96.3
96.6
96.9
96.9
97.3
98.2
98.5
99.1
101.1
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
104.3 86.6
101.0 87.7
98.8 86.4
98.2 88.2
97.7 89.8
96.1 92.2
100.4 88.4
105.9 88.5
106.7 91.3
102.0 88.7
100.6 89.0
104.9 90.1
90.0 127.4 97.0 103.9 93.4
86.5 122.0 91.4 104.1 94.2
84.5 115.3 92.0 107.0 94.9
80.0 114.2 94.1 105.8 95.1
81.5 112.7 94.7 101.9 93.9
85.1 105.8 94.1 102.7 94.4
79.8 111.8 107.8 109.6 94.0
77.8 129.4 104.5 112.0 90.6
83.1 130.4 102.5 108.8 91.9
86.5 118.5 100.1 108.2 92.0
93.4 111.9 100.1 105.9 93.1
97.8 121.0 103.5 101.0 93.1
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
93.1 92.9
93.8 93.7
94.7 94.5
95.5 95.4
96.4 96.3
96.7 96.4
97.5 97.2
96.5 96.1
96.9 96.6
97.0 96.7
96.8 96.4
96.9 96.5
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
87.6 113.8 78.9 97.9 91.0
89.9 117.6 82.5 99.1 90.2
90.4 110.1 89.8 94.7 91.0
90.0 110.2 93.7 94.1 87.0
93.4 114.4 110.0 97.8 87.8
95.8 117.0 121.0 96.1 89.0
94.3 130.0 111.4 93.3 89.0
95.0 133.9 110.0 95.6 90.3
100.7 134.2 114.7 113.3 96.0
104.0 134.9 112.0 120.9 96.7
104.8 115.0 111.8 117.3 106.2
112.4 109.8 113.6 127.3 123.5
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
61.3 47.4
63.8 52.9
64.7 54.6
63.6 52.2
64.5 53.5
64.9 55.3
63.2 52.6
60.4 48.2
61.8 50.1
64.5 55.0
64.6 55.6
65.9 56.7
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... 90.2 Organic chemicals ................................................................. 88.5 Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... ... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. ... Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ 95.1 Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ 90.0 Fertilizers ............................................................................... 99999.0 Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ ... Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. ... Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................ 90.1
90.4 90.5 ... ... 95.7 90.5 ... ... ... 90.1
90.1 91.9 ... ... 95.6 89.6 ... ... ... 90.5
89.0 89.7 87.9 ... 95.8 89.5 ... 78.8 92.9 90.6
89.1 89.2 86.0 ... 97.2 90.6 ... 78.7 92.6 91.9
89.2 89.5 85.1 ... 98.3 90.5 ... 80.5 90.0 92.5
88.5 87.8 82.5 ... 98.7 91.0 ... 79.9 90.7 92.6
88.6 86.7 82.5 98.2 99.5 91.6 ... 79.2 90.6 92.6
89.5 87.7 79.7 100.0 100.0 92.9 ... 80.1 91.3 94.7
91.9 91.8 82.8 97.8 99.6 95.3 ... 83.9 92.5 95.2
96.4 97.9 88.2 98.8 99.2 95.8 ... 95.8 94.2 95.4
101.3 107.4 90.4 98.9 98.7 95.5 ... 105.6 97.4 97.1
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
87.2 86.8 89.9 96.5 88.2 ... 75.4 84.2
87.5 86.9 89.7 96.7 89.2 ... 76.3 84.2
87.8 87.5 89.2 97.0 89.3 ... 76.4 84.8
87.7 87.7 88.8 97.3 89.4 ... 73.9 85.6
88.4 88.7 87.5 97.3 89.6 ... 74.3 86.1
87.6 89.3 85.6 97.8 90.8 ... 70.6 85.5
88.1 89.6 84.7 97.8 91.9 ... 72.3 86.2
87.6 89.5 84.9 97.0 91.2 93.4 68.6 86.8
89.5 89.7 85.5 97.7 92.1 95.3 76.3 87.5
90.8 89.9 87.7 97.7 92.4 96.4 80.3 87.3
92.6 90.7 92.9 97.0 92.7 97.2 85.7 87.7
96.4 90.9 101.2 97.2 93.5 99.0 96.7 89.4
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
102.1 82.9 87.3 89.4 87.6 183.8
102.4 84.5 88.0 89.9 87.8 182.2
102.6 84.4 88.4 89.9 88.1 180.9
102.6 84.6 89.0 89.8 88.6 176.9
102.3 85.2 89.6 91.3 89.2 171.0
102.5 85.3 90.0 91.4 89.6 168.9
102.2 85.7 90.5 91.2 90.1 165.3
102.4 86.2 91.0 91.3 90.6 162.9
102.4 86.8 91.1 91.1 90.9 158.9
102.1 86.9 91.5 91.2 91.0 156.0
101.7 87.6 91.6 90.5 91.3 151.8
101.7 88.4 91.6 91.1 91.3 150.4
104.5 117.6 92.2
105.3 116.8 92.6
105.7 117.4 92.8
105.8 117.2 93.2
105.0 116.1 93.6
106.4 116.7 93.7
105.7 115.9 93.7
105.6 116.6 94.0
104.6 116.8 94.5
104.4 116.3 94.7
103.8 114.8 94.9
103.4 114.4 95.5
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
96.6 98.4 ...
97.0 98.2 ...
97.2 97.8 ...
97.3 98.1 ...
97.5 95.9 ...
97.6 94.3 ...
97.6 94.2 ...
97.6 94.4 102.4
97.5 94.6 102.5
97.8 94.9 103.3
98.1 95.4 103.2
98.1 94.1 103.6
89.7
90.1
90.0
90.1
90.8
91.3
92.0
91.9
92.4
92.6
93.3
93.4
99.3 102.1
98.2 103.0
99.1 103.6
99.7 103.3
98.8 102.8
101.0 102.5
101.2 101.7
101.4 101.5
101.8 100.6
102.0 100.9
103.4 100.6
102.8 100.7
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
360
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1995 Categories March
June
1996
Septem- December ber
March
June
1997
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
103.0
104.5
104.4
104.4
104.6
105.4
103.9
103.2
103.6
103.2
102.9
102.0
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
106.3 92.9
112.1 95.7
121.6 99.4
126.5 101.4
131.8 94.0
140.4 97.4
123.4 94.4
117.3 93.7
119.0 92.4
113.3 91.3
114.4 91.3
111.3 90.7
106.8 120.1 106.8 99.1 92.9
107.1 133.2 107.2 104.9 94.8
105.6 149.6 122.7 107.1 94.0
96.3 167.9 111.2 122.4 95.3
91.2 183.0 114.9 129.5 96.0
92.8 203.3 117.8 130.7 96.6
96.9 152.6 119.0 135.5 96.2
100.5 140.4 112.6 128.0 97.1
92.5 146.4 112.8 133.7 96.7
88.5 128.9 113.3 135.7 96.9
102.9 132.7 108.8 128.9 98.3
96.6 131.9 102.6 121.1 98.2
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
97.9 97.5
98.2 98.1
98.7 98.6
98.5 98.3
98.7 98.5
98.8 98.6
98.8 98.6
98.7 98.5
98.4 98.1
99.1 98.9
99.3 99.1
98.8 98.4
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
122.6 112.0 117.9 152.6 132.4
125.4 115.6 117.5 154.3 132.2
119.0 123.1 111.4 141.2 125.0
116.0 136.0 112.0 142.2 116.4
109.6 143.0 113.0 133.4 114.8
108.7 152.0 109.0 131.6 113.4
109.3 157.6 110.9 125.1 108.6
106.8 137.5 112.3 120.5 108.7
112.2 159.3 110.5 122.9 113.8
112.4 161.1 107.3 120.3 116.4
110.3 143.8 104.7 121.2 119.8
105.6 139.4 98.6 115.5 106.5
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
65.6 56.1
68.5 59.6
67.5 57.4
68.5 59.2
71.8 64.1
73.3 65.4
75.6 69.6
78.4 73.9
74.8 68.7
74.5 68.7
75.1 70.1
75.8 68.5
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
107.1 117.0 102.4 100.3 99.5 96.4 ... 111.8 99.0 99.2
108.4 122.8 100.9 100.8 100.4 96.4 ... 110.6 101.8 100.7
104.3 112.6 101.7 101.4 100.5 96.8 ... 99.7 102.0 101.4
102.1 105.8 102.2 101.0 99.9 97.7 ... 94.4 101.3 101.3
102.5 103.9 105.6 101.2 101.9 96.8 ... 96.4 101.5 101.5
102.6 100.9 106.1 101.3 101.6 97.6 ... 100.7 100.8 102.6
101.8 97.6 103.3 101.3 101.7 98.5 ... 101.3 98.9 103.5
101.5 97.6 103.5 102.7 101.7 98.3 133.3 99.0 98.3 103.8
102.3 99.0 100.9 102.9 100.8 99.0 128.2 103.1 99.6 104.2
102.0 97.6 101.1 102.5 101.4 99.7 128.1 102.4 100.0 104.6
100.9 96.2 100.3 103.2 101.0 100.4 126.6 98.8 99.8 104.2
100.3 96.0 100.9 103.2 100.7 98.7 125.6 98.2 99.6 102.6
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
99.0 95.3 108.0 99.0 94.1 101.7 100.1 91.6
100.6 95.7 115.6 102.8 94.3 104.0 98.2 92.3
100.6 97.1 114.0 102.6 94.4 104.0 98.9 92.7
99.4 98.3 109.0 103.7 95.2 104.7 93.7 93.2
98.5 98.0 103.6 104.8 96.1 104.7 91.6 94.4
97.7 98.6 97.7 105.5 95.4 106.0 91.9 93.6
97.0 98.5 97.9 104.8 96.3 104.8 87.3 93.6
96.8 98.7 95.0 104.1 97.9 104.9 86.9 93.7
97.4 98.5 93.0 103.4 98.0 106.7 90.3 95.1
98.1 99.0 93.4 105.0 98.3 106.0 92.0 96.3
98.5 97.7 95.1 105.0 100.0 106.2 91.8 96.2
98.4 97.9 95.2 104.8 100.9 106.3 89.6 96.3
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
102.2 88.3 93.0 92.0 90.9 148.1
102.8 88.5 94.0 92.3 91.0 147.5
103.0 88.7 94.8 92.8 91.3 144.7
103.2 90.3 95.2 92.8 91.3 142.9
103.3 91.9 95.9 93.7 94.0 139.7
103.6 92.9 96.5 94.4 94.8 137.2
103.3 92.8 97.0 94.6 95.0 132.3
103.2 93.1 96.8 94.5 95.4 128.7
103.3 94.0 97.6 96.7 96.3 126.9
103.3 94.4 98.0 96.3 97.3 123.9
102.9 94.5 98.3 96.4 97.3 122.5
102.5 94.6 98.7 97.5 97.5 119.5
103.4 115.2 96.0
103.8 117.2 96.1
103.2 117.5 96.2
102.4 116.8 97.1
104.6 116.2 97.1
104.6 115.3 97.2
103.7 113.9 97.2
104.2 113.5 97.6
103.4 112.5 98.0
103.0 112.3 98.0
102.6 110.7 97.9
102.1 109.9 98.2
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
98.3 94.0 103.4
98.6 94.7 102.5
98.6 94.8 104.4
98.8 95.1 102.6
99.4 96.7 103.0
99.4 96.0 103.8
99.5 96.4 104.2
99.9 96.4 104.4
100.2 97.0 105.0
100.3 97.9 104.9
100.4 97.9 107.1
100.4 98.1 107.2
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
93.9
94.3
94.4
94.5
95.4
95.8
96.1
96.7
97.8
97.5
97.4
97.6
103.3 100.9
103.5 101.0
102.3 100.9
102.1 101.9
102.2 102.0
101.4 101.9
101.7 101.7
102.2 101.9
101.4 101.4
102.0 101.8
101.6 101.6
101.0 101.5
PRICES
361
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1998 Categories March
June
1999
Septem- December ber
March
June
2000
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
100.7
99.9
98.5
98.5
97.9
98.2
98.5
99.0
100.0
100.1
100.4
100.1
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
106.4 88.3
104.6 93.7
99.8 92.3
103.0 86.2
101.1 86.2
102.6 87.6
99.6 93.4
98.5 96.7
99.9 95.3
100.6 104.8
98.8 100.8
102.1 101.5
86.0 126.3 102.3 107.8 98.1
83.8 115.4 109.8 101.3 98.3
99.5 98.0 110.6 94.4 99.5
99.3 110.2 111.1 98.4 100.0
109.8 105.9 105.8 96.8 100.0
123.0 106.0 109.9 92.5 100.1
100.8 101.5 105.1 93.6 100.6
102.6 95.7 101.7 97.4 100.7
98.9 103.9 98.8 98.2 99.8
100.6 100.0 97.9 100.4 100.0
100.1 94.7 102.5 99.2 100.0
98.4 105.8 99.1 104.6 100.2
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
98.4 98.2
98.2 97.8
98.0 97.5
99.0 98.4
99.5 99.3
99.4 99.2
99.8 99.7
100.1 100.1
100.2 100.1
100.0 99.9
99.9 99.9
99.8 99.9
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
101.4 129.7 96.8 112.5 101.2
98.7 122.8 94.5 114.4 97.2
93.8 109.8 94.7 110.2 88.4
91.8 114.4 93.7 101.9 86.1
89.1 93.7 93.8 100.7 88.6
90.2 94.8 94.4 99.1 89.7
93.5 101.7 95.4 92.9 93.3
94.9 95.2 97.9 90.2 99.5
100.2 102.9 100.4 99.1 102.6
101.6 103.3 99.8 100.5 99.2
100.7 100.3 100.1 104.3 99.9
99.4 101.8 98.9 105.7 94.8
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
71.3 63.6
69.3 61.4
62.8 52.3
63.0 53.0
62.5 52.3
68.5 61.9
77.5 74.0
85.0 80.6
102.2 103.1
97.4 96.8
111.7 117.0
105.8 105.6
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
99.0 91.2 103.7 102.6 102.2 98.4 122.7 96.7 100.6 101.2
97.9 88.7 105.2 101.2 101.4 98.2 128.0 93.7 98.7 101.2
97.0 86.4 104.9 100.1 101.5 99.4 130.5 92.4 98.1 100.6
96.2 85.3 105.1 100.6 100.4 98.5 127.8 90.2 96.3 101.8
95.7 84.7 104.7 101.9 100.3 98.3 125.2 89.0 97.3 101.1
96.4 86.4 102.7 101.6 100.4 98.7 119.4 93.2 98.1 100.3
97.6 90.6 100.4 101.5 99.6 98.9 113.2 97.2 98.4 99.9
98.9 96.3 99.7 100.5 100.1 100.1 97.8 100.2 98.9 99.7
99.7 98.8 99.6 99.8 100.0 99.8 96.5 100.8 101.0 100.3
100.9 102.1 101.2 100.0 99.5 99.6 96.1 103.4 100.2 99.7
99.8 99.9 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.1 105.3 97.8 100.2 99.8
98.3 96.0 101.4 99.9 100.0 100.0 102.0 94.9 99.2 100.5
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
98.2 97.9 94.7 105.3 100.8 103.9 89.8 96.8
97.7 97.7 93.7 104.9 100.6 103.7 86.7 98.6
96.7 98.2 91.0 103.0 100.7 102.9 84.1 98.4
96.3 101.6 91.0 102.7 101.1 100.0 82.6 98.1
96.3 102.4 90.5 101.3 100.3 98.7 82.7 99.8
96.7 101.2 93.3 100.8 100.2 97.5 83.7 100.2
97.3 102.5 96.6 100.3 99.9 97.6 86.6 99.0
98.1 104.0 97.6 100.3 99.7 97.7 90.9 98.8
99.6 99.4 98.9 100.0 100.1 99.9 100.3 98.6
100.2 100.1 100.5 100.2 100.4 101.2 98.5 100.9
100.9 100.4 100.7 100.1 100.0 100.0 103.4 101.5
100.3 99.5 99.7 98.4 99.5 99.5 103.3 101.1
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
102.0 95.1 98.8 99.5 97.9 116.9
101.4 95.3 99.0 100.0 98.1 112.0
100.9 95.2 99.2 100.1 98.4 109.4
100.9 96.6 98.9 100.5 98.5 108.9
100.6 97.4 99.4 100.6 99.1 106.9
100.3 97.6 99.8 100.4 99.2 104.8
99.9 98.0 99.5 100.4 99.5 102.8
99.9 98.8 98.4 100.1 99.8 102.7
99.9 99.5 99.8 100.1 99.9 100.5
100.0 99.7 100.2 99.3 100.1 99.9
100.1 100.0 100.0 100.1 100.0 99.3
100.1 101.2 100.3 99.8 100.3 99.0
102.0 108.3 98.0
102.1 107.2 98.1
101.6 106.1 98.2
100.9 105.4 98.3
100.9 104.0 98.4
100.2 103.1 98.6
100.2 102.0 98.6
100.0 100.9 99.3
99.9 100.5 100.1
100.3 99.8 100.0
100.1 99.9 100.2
99.6 99.3 100.1
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
100.0 98.7 107.4
99.4 98.4 107.4
99.2 98.5 106.2
99.2 98.5 104.4
99.6 98.5 104.7
99.6 99.0 103.8
99.8 99.7 103.9
99.9 99.5 103.7
99.6 99.4 100.1
99.7 100.1 99.8
100.2 99.8 99.0
100.2 101.1 99.5
97.7
97.8
97.8
98.1
99.0
99.2
99.4
99.3
99.6
99.7
100.4
100.4
98.4 100.6
96.5 99.3
95.2 99.5
97.3 99.3
97.9 99.2
97.2 99.5
98.6 99.4
100.3 99.5
97.9 99.7
98.0 99.9
101.6 100.0
101.3 99.9
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
362
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 2001 Categories March
June
2002
Septem- December ber
March
June
2003
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
100.0
99.4
99.0
97.6
97.6
98.0
98.8
98.6
99.7
99.5
99.8
100.8
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
102.5 102.6
101.1 106.1
103.3 107.8
101.2 97.8
100.3 93.2
99.8 90.0
107.7 89.8
105.8 90.3
105.9 96.4
107.5 102.9
112.1 117.2
116.5 123.0
99.0 107.9 97.9 100.7 100.1
90.8 102.6 98.6 101.1 100.1
90.4 106.4 100.8 103.6 100.1
88.6 107.2 100.6 102.4 100.1
94.3 105.4 102.5 99.6 100.7
97.9 106.5 99.0 101.2 100.7
98.6 133.4 98.9 106.8 100.7
101.7 126.3 98.3 103.5 100.5
108.2 122.2 95.1 105.5 101.0
108.2 118.5 99.6 108.8 101.5
103.3 124.2 101.4 112.7 101.0
103.1 130.8 103.2 123.2 100.3
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
98.9 98.9
98.4 98.2
98.4 98.2
98.3 98.1
97.4 96.8
98.2 97.6
98.8 98.0
98.7 97.8
97.4 95.9
98.2 96.6
97.8 96.2
100.6 99.7
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
96.0 94.5 96.1 97.6 92.0
92.6 95.6 92.8 90.9 91.0
89.5 99.0 90.2 87.7 85.1
87.1 90.9 88.0 84.0 81.9
87.7 92.0 87.2 86.2 87.3
95.3 102.9 87.1 88.6 99.8
97.3 114.1 90.0 93.1 93.9
98.5 116.2 90.3 98.3 96.3
102.3 116.6 91.2 105.0 105.8
103.9 122.7 90.4 103.2 109.0
106.2 121.1 91.6 109.6 119.9
116.9 152.5 93.7 121.2 136.6
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
102.4 99.2
103.2 101.8
103.3 103.6
82.4 74.6
89.8 83.6
93.9 87.9
102.8 98.0
99.5 92.2
130.1 130.2
107.6 102.7
108.7 104.2
110.7 106.2
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
98.7 95.9 104.1 99.6 99.2 100.2 105.3 97.8 97.6 99.1
96.2 90.6 103.3 98.3 99.5 99.7 94.9 93.9 97.4 99.1
93.8 84.9 103.2 97.7 101.1 99.1 91.8 88.6 97.2 99.0
92.8 83.9 102.8 96.3 100.9 98.8 94.0 86.5 95.8 97.6
93.2 84.9 101.6 97.0 100.5 97.6 98.1 87.6 95.8 98.0
95.3 90.8 102.1 97.4 100.4 97.3 95.5 92.5 96.0 97.5
96.8 95.3 101.0 98.0 101.4 97.4 100.9 92.9 96.9 98.3
96.6 94.9 96.9 98.0 101.2 97.3 104.3 92.9 95.9 98.8
100.6 103.4 98.1 98.4 104.1 96.2 108.2 99.5 97.2 100.7
100.8 103.1 98.6 98.8 104.8 97.3 117.2 96.6 98.8 101.6
100.3 100.4 99.1 98.8 105.4 98.2 122.8 95.4 98.2 101.9
101.4 103.3 99.1 98.1 105.8 100.1 123.1 96.5 97.2 102.6
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
100.2 100.4 98.4 98.8 99.8 96.8 104.9 100.9
99.5 99.8 97.4 98.5 100.8 97.8 98.0 101.5
98.2 101.0 95.6 98.8 101.1 98.3 90.2 101.8
96.7 100.9 95.1 97.5 102.1 95.7 83.1 101.7
96.7 100.8 92.5 97.8 102.1 96.6 85.1 101.9
98.1 102.7 94.8 100.0 102.2 101.0 85.3 102.5
99.1 105.6 96.3 100.6 102.2 103.6 84.4 103.4
99.0 105.6 96.8 101.1 101.3 104.3 83.5 103.3
99.4 108.4 96.7 102.0 100.2 104.5 84.3 103.5
100.0 110.1 98.3 102.7 100.4 106.8 80.3 104.8
100.2 109.2 98.3 102.1 99.5 106.1 81.6 104.4
100.8 109.9 97.6 102.5 99.8 109.6 84.5 104.4
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
100.6 102.0 100.5 101.1 101.0 97.8
100.3 102.3 100.3 101.0 101.3 95.9
100.0 103.0 99.5 101.2 101.9 94.8
99.6 103.9 100.5 100.7 101.7 92.9
99.5 104.6 101.1 100.0 102.2 93.1
98.9 104.5 101.8 99.9 102.3 90.4
98.7 104.4 101.8 100.2 102.3 89.4
98.5 105.1 101.7 100.5 101.6 88.6
98.5 106.9 102.2 101.7 102.1 88.6
97.8 107.2 102.6 101.0 102.4 88.1
97.9 107.5 103.1 100.8 102.6 87.8
97.8 108.7 103.4 100.7 102.8 88.6
99.8 99.2 100.2
99.8 98.3 100.2
98.5 97.6 100.2
97.7 95.9 100.3
97.5 94.7 100.3
97.7 93.9 100.3
96.4 93.5 100.6
95.8 92.9 101.0
95.0 92.2 100.9
93.8 89.7 101.1
93.3 89.4 101.4
92.0 88.1 101.5
100.0 101.0 96.9
100.1 101.0 96.6
100.4 101.8 98.1
100.4 101.6 98.2
100.5 101.7 98.3
100.4 101.6 98.8
100.4 101.5 97.8
100.6 101.4 97.2
100.5 101.1 97.5
101.2 101.4 97.0
100.7 102.6 96.8
101.1 102.5 97.1
100.8
100.9
100.9
100.9
101.2
101.3
101.4
101.7
101.5
102.2
102.2
102.3
99.1 100.3
98.2 100.5
98.7 100.6
97.6 101.0
96.6 100.9
97.5 100.4
97.3 100.5
97.4 101.1
97.1 100.9
98.9 101.6
94.4 101.2
95.6 101.6
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
363
PRICES
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003 (2000 = 100.)
Categories
Relative importance 1
1989 March
June
1990
Septem- December ber
March
June
1991
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
100.00
91.3
91.5
90.4
91.6
92.4
90.8
96.5
98.4
95.0
93.4
93.3
94.3
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof ..........
3.62 0.43
94.0 96.5
91.7 95.1
87.4 107.6
89.1 116.3
91.9 113.1
92.1 118.4
93.9 121.7
95.7 120.5
95.7 120.9
95.6 125.0
94.6 119.5
95.6 115.9
0.87 0.86 0.43
71.3 85.3 145.1
68.9 85.1 135.7
68.3 82.3 99.3
68.6 88.5 91.2
70.7 90.7 103.7
70.9 87.0 105.4
74.5 83.1 110.6
77.1 90.6 104.5
79.7 88.3 104.7
78.9 91.4 98.8
78.2 91.9 98.2
78.3 95.6 98.5
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
0.93 0.82
70.1 73.5
70.3 73.5
72.3 74.8
73.4 75.6
74.7 77.3
76.5 78.9
77.6 80.0
79.6 81.5
84.2 86.6
85.4 87.6
85.3 87.2
86.3 88.2
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
2.18 0.90 0.27 0.38 0.22
100.3 65.0 117.5 118.6 ...
99.0 65.1 120.9 123.2 ...
94.1 65.8 120.9 106.4 ...
93.3 64.7 120.6 102.5 ...
91.3 66.0 118.9 97.5 ...
90.4 66.7 116.6 93.2 ...
88.0 66.2 112.5 90.2 ...
85.0 61.6 105.6 89.1 ...
84.4 62.9 97.1 89.1 ...
85.0 70.1 89.8 86.6 ...
81.8 66.6 80.7 86.8 ...
81.5 68.0 78.6 86.2 ...
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
14.97 13.10 1.88
57.4 57.7 54.6
63.0 63.8 54.3
59.1 59.6 53.6
63.6 64.1 58.4
64.3 64.6 63.7
54.7 54.8 54.9
87.3 89.8 57.7
93.0 95.1 69.2
65.8 66.3 61.5
62.3 63.0 54.1
63.6 64.5 53.4
63.3 63.9 57.8
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
7.67 2.58 0.60 0.21 2.26 0.33 0.59 0.37 0.53
97.9 101.7 105.3 ... 81.9 89.8 ... ... 100.1
95.5 98.6 97.9 ... 81.2 89.8 ... ... 98.1
93.3 95.4 96.9 ... 78.9 87.7 ... ... 97.2
94.2 97.5 97.3 ... 79.2 93.2 ... ... 97.6
94.3 98.7 95.4 ... 80.5 90.5 ... ... 97.2
93.7 98.1 95.8 ... 80.6 91.6 ... ... 92.9
94.9 100.0 97.0 ... 81.5 92.1 ... ... 91.6
97.6 104.7 100.7 ... 83.6 94.6 ... ... 90.2
97.4 101.8 101.5 ... 83.2 93.4 ... ... 89.6
95.8 98.6 100.2 ... 81.7 93.2 ... ... 88.1
95.4 96.1 98.1 ... 83.2 96.0 ... ... 88.3
95.6 97.1 94.9 ... 86.4 95.2 ... ... 90.1
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products ............................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
12.15 0.66 0.86 1.24
92.9 99.8 81.9 88.8
92.1 100.3 83.6 89.0
91.6 101.6 84.2 88.2
90.7 101.9 84.1 87.5
90.5 102.9 84.7 86.5
91.3 103.3 86.4 89.3
93.2 103.3 87.8 89.8
92.3 104.6 85.3 90.2
92.7 104.3 84.1 92.2
91.1 104.1 84.8 89.9
90.3 103.7 85.9 88.2
90.6 104.8 86.3 87.8
1.44 2.17 1.84 1.83 2.01
87.5 82.1 103.4 101.5 92.3
88.7 83.2 104.2 93.1 92.5
88.4 84.4 104.3 88.5 92.9
89.2 85.2 102.1 84.6 93.3
90.6 87.7 100.4 80.9 94.6
91.4 88.9 98.2 84.2 93.9
93.4 89.4 97.1 92.6 95.2
94.8 90.3 98.4 83.6 96.0
96.3 91.9 98.1 82.1 96.8
95.4 92.1 97.8 75.9 96.1
96.8 92.2 96.9 72.9 95.5
98.4 93.0 97.2 70.8 96.9
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
41.18 2.90 1.62 0.45
100.8 ... 81.7 83.9
100.1 ... 79.9 81.9
99.9 ... 79.9 84.5
100.9 ... 81.3 84.6
101.6 ... 86.3 86.9
100.8 ... 87.1 87.8
101.8 ... 90.4 89.2
104.2 ... 94.1 92.1
105.4 ... 95.6 92.8
103.7 ... 91.0 89.6
103.8 ... 90.7 89.6
105.4 ... 93.4 92.1
3.11 5.59
82.9 205.2
81.9 204.7
82.3 201.1
83.3 202.2
86.5 200.8
87.6 198.5
90.9 196.8
93.6 199.2
94.5 197.3
91.0 193.4
91.1 191.2
93.7 191.7
5.02 6.68 14.29
125.5 113.7 82.7
125.6 112.9 82.1
124.9 112.1 82.0
123.6 112.4 83.6
122.5 113.1 83.2
120.9 111.3 82.0
119.3 112.7 82.9
120.1 114.0 85.4
118.7 115.5 87.1
118.0 113.4 86.3
117.3 112.8 86.8
117.8 114.5 88.1
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
16.88
90.9
90.8
91.3
92.3
94.5
94.7
96.2
97.5
97.7
96.3
96.5
98.0
0.45 1.87 0.38 5.39 1.30
94.1 91.3 85.5 93.1 89.2
95.3 91.1 86.7 94.2 89.7
96.4 93.3 88.4 95.0 90.3
98.9 93.2 88.9 95.6 91.8
102.7 95.1 89.7 95.7 95.2
102.0 96.0 89.8 96.5 96.5
104.2 97.2 88.8 96.4 98.2
105.6 99.1 90.6 95.5 100.0
101.9 99.6 90.7 95.5 100.2
101.6 98.0 91.1 94.8 98.4
101.4 98.4 91.0 95.4 98.1
102.8 99.0 91.8 95.9 98.8
1.77
86.4
83.6
83.4
84.0
87.7
89.1
92.0
96.9
98.0
93.4
93.0
95.6
0.96 4.75
92.8 90.5
91.2 90.2
90.0 90.6
91.7 91.9
93.7 95.6
94.0 94.3
97.0 96.6
98.8 98.6
99.1 98.5
96.0 98.0
96.3 98.3
98.6 100.8
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. 1Percent
of total, relative importance in December 1999, based on 1995 trade values. . . . = Not available.
364
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1992 Categories March
June
1993
Septem- December ber
March
June
1994
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
93.9
94.8
95.9
94.4
94.7
95.0
94.5
93.5
94.0
96.3
97.2
98.4
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof ..........
97.4 114.8
91.4 112.3
92.1 111.5
93.2 109.5
91.2 113.4
94.4 117.6
95.6 115.9
95.3 111.3
96.3 114.3
101.8 107.8
110.9 108.8
110.8 108.5
79.1 107.7 90.0
79.1 89.9 82.0
80.3 89.6 81.6
78.3 91.7 96.1
78.9 85.4 89.8
79.1 96.6 86.1
79.9 93.6 104.2
83.6 89.3 107.8
85.5 88.0 109.3
88.9 90.1 145.4
90.6 88.0 214.4
93.8 99.0 182.7
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
87.1 89.0
87.5 89.4
88.3 90.5
87.2 89.1
86.8 89.1
86.8 89.6
86.2 89.0
86.9 89.3
86.6 89.2
87.3 89.6
87.5 90.1
87.5 90.2
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
84.6 75.3 81.2 86.0
85.0 76.1 84.4 84.3
86.3 77.1 88.2 85.4
85.9 79.1 83.9 83.7
92.2 105.9 74.3 82.8
84.5 84.9 72.2 81.7
85.9 92.4 68.5 80.6
90.7 110.9 66.2 77.0
93.4 108.7 69.8 83.5
94.7 104.1 79.5 82.9
96.2 101.3 90.8 85.4
101.6 97.4 102.9 90.0
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
56.8 57.4 49.7
64.9 66.0 51.4
65.3 66.2 55.4
60.0 60.2 58.1
61.5 62.1 54.9
59.8 60.3 55.4
55.0 55.0 56.3
47.7 47.0 57.7
48.2 47.7 55.6
57.1 57.6 51.4
55.0 55.2 53.6
56.4 56.7 54.2
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
96.2 97.0 95.5 ... 87.3 97.5 ... ... 94.0
96.8 96.8 94.1 ... 87.6 98.6 ... ... 97.1
97.5 96.5 93.7 ... 90.1 98.8 ... ... 101.0
97.1 94.4 99.0 ... 89.8 98.8 96.8 109.9 100.1
97.1 94.0 99.1 104.8 91.0 100.9 97.7 109.0 98.7
97.8 94.6 97.9 106.7 95.9 102.2 95.8 109.3 98.0
97.1 94.3 97.7 105.6 94.4 100.2 96.5 108.5 96.1
96.4 92.8 97.5 105.5 95.1 101.4 96.5 107.1 94.5
96.3 92.6 96.9 106.7 95.8 99.6 97.6 104.7 95.4
97.6 95.2 97.9 107.2 95.9 99.9 97.9 108.0 94.5
100.5 100.0 99.9 108.2 97.6 101.9 98.4 112.9 97.8
103.5 104.5 104.6 108.7 98.3 104.6 99.6 117.7 96.4
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products ............................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
91.0 105.7 90.0 85.1
91.3 105.6 93.0 83.7
92.0 107.0 95.1 84.3
90.4 106.8 92.4 84.3
90.8 107.6 100.5 85.6
91.2 107.5 103.8 86.0
90.7 106.8 104.8 84.9
89.8 106.9 103.9 83.8
91.2 105.2 106.1 83.6
92.8 106.0 108.8 85.1
94.6 105.0 101.7 88.4
97.7 105.9 99.4 93.6
98.9 93.3 96.6 73.7 97.6
98.1 94.0 96.1 75.6 97.8
100.9 94.9 94.8 75.6 99.6
99.3 94.6 94.8 70.0 97.9
99.4 95.1 95.1 68.3 98.1
100.0 96.2 96.7 65.4 99.2
98.9 96.0 96.6 64.8 99.0
98.2 96.2 96.4 61.7 98.7
98.8 96.1 97.3 68.5 98.6
100.8 96.7 97.6 72.7 99.3
101.8 97.8 99.7 77.6 100.7
102.0 98.4 101.6 88.0 101.0
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
105.6 ... 94.2 92.3
105.6 ... 94.3 92.5
106.9 ... 99.0 94.8
106.1 ... 95.4 93.7
106.1 ... 94.9 93.5
107.2 ... 96.2 95.9
107.7 ... 95.8 96.4
108.4 ... 96.0 96.9
108.6 ... 96.9 97.1
109.1 ... 98.1 98.0
109.7 ... 99.8 100.3
110.3 ... 100.6 101.4
94.0 192.2
94.0 190.2
96.8 190.9
95.0 189.0
94.4 186.2
95.9 182.8
95.9 180.1
96.7 178.0
97.2 175.5
97.7 173.2
98.9 171.1
100.0 168.5
117.4 114.3 88.2
117.3 115.1 88.0
117.3 116.3 88.6
117.6 114.6 88.8
117.3 115.2 89.1
118.3 117.2 90.4
119.5 119.4 90.9
118.5 118.9 92.9
117.5 119.1 93.3
117.6 119.6 94.0
117.7 120.2 94.7
118.0 120.1 96.0
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. .......................... n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
99.1
99.3
101.0
99.9
99.7
100.7
100.7
100.5
100.6
100.9
101.3
101.5
103.8 99.8 92.9 96.9 99.4
105.2 100.1 96.2 97.7 100.0
106.8 102.6 96.6 97.5 101.5
105.5 100.7 94.5 97.9 98.7
104.4 100.2 94.8 97.5 98.0
105.7 100.8 95.5 98.1 98.7
105.9 100.2 95.8 98.2 97.8
105.6 99.7 94.9 97.8 97.6
104.9 100.2 94.8 97.7 97.1
103.2 100.6 94.5 98.1 97.7
104.4 100.9 95.7 97.9 98.4
103.3 101.2 96.0 98.2 98.5
95.7
95.4
101.2
98.4
98.9
101.0
100.2
100.9
102.0
103.3
104.2
105.1
99.3 102.6
98.6 102.0
102.1 104.1
100.5 103.1
100.5 103.1
102.5 104.2
103.5 104.4
104.2 104.3
104.0 104.4
104.6 104.4
106.2 104.7
106.0 104.8
PRICES
365
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1995 Categories March
June
1996
Septem- December ber
March
June
1997
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
99.9
101.4
100.8
101.0
101.6
100.7
101.8
102.5
100.0
98.8
98.4
97.2
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof ..........
112.6 104.9
108.6 100.8
106.7 97.3
104.7 99.6
103.2 93.7
102.7 92.0
104.8 102.6
102.6 100.7
110.4 105.3
112.5 103.6
109.8 105.7
108.0 106.0
93.6 100.5 194.8
92.5 97.6 176.3
89.2 101.0 165.7
86.5 106.4 141.9
86.8 102.4 144.3
88.8 98.8 143.7
88.3 107.1 135.8
89.4 102.4 129.0
90.7 111.8 169.7
94.3 102.2 203.7
95.2 104.0 172.1
96.1 103.1 158.5
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
88.2 91.0
88.6 91.2
89.4 91.7
90.6 92.0
91.2 92.1
92.1 92.5
93.2 93.5
93.4 93.9
95.0 94.3
95.5 94.9
95.8 95.2
96.5 96.1
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
107.6 93.4 118.8 98.6 ...
109.5 85.3 131.6 98.4 ...
113.6 94.7 134.8 101.5 ...
111.0 88.5 138.4 100.2 ...
105.8 91.3 100.2 100.3 ...
103.4 104.5 79.2 100.1 ...
106.4 115.9 84.9 95.9 ...
105.6 110.9 84.4 96.0 94.2
108.5 116.2 82.7 101.4 99.1
106.8 112.7 83.9 104.1 91.7
106.0 111.5 86.9 102.9 97.1
102.6 104.1 87.6 100.7 100.8
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
59.2 60.1 48.8
61.9 63.0 49.3
57.6 58.5 47.1
59.2 60.2 49.1
66.3 67.4 54.7
65.1 66.3 52.7
72.6 74.3 56.3
79.8 80.0 76.7
67.1 67.6 61.3
61.6 62.2 55.1
63.0 63.0 60.2
60.8 59.8 65.0
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
105.4 102.5 110.0 112.3 99.2 107.7 103.4 126.9 96.5
106.8 100.6 111.1 114.7 104.4 113.8 106.1 129.6 98.7
106.6 101.0 110.9 114.7 104.1 114.7 105.1 124.5 101.6
106.4 100.3 110.2 115.9 105.6 115.5 107.9 117.4 104.2
106.5 100.7 111.5 117.6 103.9 116.8 108.2 110.8 107.4
104.9 99.9 109.2 116.4 102.7 112.8 102.6 108.6 107.1
105.1 100.4 109.9 116.9 104.4 112.8 98.8 108.1 107.5
105.1 100.9 113.3 114.4 102.0 112.6 100.3 108.2 105.3
103.7 101.3 111.0 110.5 98.9 110.5 96.7 107.4 104.1
102.3 97.3 108.4 111.5 99.3 109.2 96.7 110.6 103.0
102.1 98.5 109.0 107.1 98.7 109.1 97.8 108.5 102.7
101.1 96.7 106.4 110.5 99.8 109.7 97.1 103.3 102.6
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products ............................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
100.2 106.4 101.4 101.8
102.7 108.7 102.7 111.3
105.0 110.0 100.1 120.5
104.3 110.4 100.9 121.6
103.3 108.7 101.4 118.9
102.0 108.8 104.4 112.7
99.8 108.2 103.7 104.0
98.2 107.0 101.7 96.3
98.7 105.7 102.2 95.0
99.5 106.0 102.0 97.7
99.6 103.2 102.4 99.2
98.7 103.7 102.1 98.9
103.2 98.7 104.0 90.3 102.9
106.3 99.2 106.9 88.5 105.1
106.4 99.6 110.7 90.5 105.2
106.1 99.9 108.1 87.2 105.9
105.9 100.9 105.7 85.4 106.0
105.4 100.8 104.8 84.2 105.0
105.5 101.6 104.8 77.8 105.8
105.8 102.3 104.1 76.0 105.7
105.8 102.5 103.2 81.8 104.0
105.8 101.9 103.3 85.4 103.6
105.2 101.4 103.3 87.1 102.6
104.5 101.0 103.3 82.7 103.1
110.8 ... 102.0 103.1
112.4 ... 104.7 108.9
112.1 ... 103.8 108.3
112.0 ... 105.6 108.9
111.2 ... 106.3 108.3
110.1 ... 104.7 108.1
110.2 ... 104.9 108.4
109.6 100.2 105.1 108.0
107.8 99.7 103.2 104.4
106.9 99.4 102.8 104.9
105.9 99.0 102.0 103.8
105.0 99.2 102.6 105.3
101.3 167.0
104.5 167.2
104.7 165.9
105.5 163.4
104.9 158.5
104.4 152.8
105.2 149.7
104.6 146.9
102.2 140.6
102.1 135.3
101.0 130.2
101.0 128.0
117.8 120.5 96.6
119.1 122.9 97.3
119.0 120.7 97.9
118.0 119.7 98.2
116.5 118.0 97.9
115.3 115.6 97.8
114.3 114.8 98.3
113.5 112.1 98.1
111.9 109.9 98.1
110.6 109.1 98.1
109.8 107.9 98.6
108.7 104.7 98.8
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................ Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags and similar containers .................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
102.2
103.2
103.1
103.7
103.7
103.5
103.5
103.2
102.9
103.0
102.7
102.5
107.2 101.7 96.4 98.8 98.5
107.4 103.1 98.5 99.0 99.3
108.3 102.9 100.5 99.0 99.6
109.7 103.5 99.3 99.5 100.1
108.6 103.2 99.6 99.9 100.7
106.5 103.3 99.6 100.4 100.6
108.7 103.3 99.6 100.1 100.3
106.2 104.3 99.2 99.9 100.2
102.7 104.9 99.9 100.6 100.3
103.0 105.4 99.7 101.5 100.3
101.9 104.9 99.5 101.7 100.0
103.1 105.6 98.9 101.7 100.5
105.1
107.2
107.5
107.1
107.4
105.9
107.0
106.5
103.9
103.6
103.4
102.8
106.4 106.1
110.6 106.5
109.9 106.1
109.9 107.2
108.4 107.1
106.3 107.2
106.7 107.2
105.7 106.5
104.0 105.9
103.0 105.6
102.1 104.7
101.6 104.2
366
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1998 Categories March
June
1999
Septem- December ber
March
June
2000
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
94.1
93.1
92.2
91.0
91.5
92.9
95.8
97.4
99.9
100.2
101.6
100.5
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices and manufactures thereof ...........
106.1 103.0
106.3 100.0
103.5 98.9
103.2 93.4
101.1 95.7
101.2 96.1
99.3 101.2
102.7 100.1
101.0 100.9
99.0 100.8
99.0 100.7
100.2 99.1
97.4 96.2 161.8
99.6 104.0 141.3
94.4 107.3 133.1
91.2 111.2 129.2
94.0 102.3 122.1
94.9 103.7 119.4
93.9 102.2 105.7
97.2 104.2 121.4
98.3 101.8 105.0
99.3 96.2 102.3
102.5 98.4 93.9
99.3 105.1 87.4
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
97.0 96.6
97.4 97.0
97.5 97.1
97.6 97.3
98.1 97.6
98.1 97.9
99.7 99.6
99.5 99.3
99.2 99.1
100.4 100.5
100.9 101.0
100.5 100.9
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
99.9 101.8 81.8 98.8 103.7
96.2 93.1 84.2 97.0 106.6
94.0 98.7 77.5 91.5 99.2
92.2 98.4 73.7 91.3 93.6
94.7 104.2 73.5 88.5 103.1
99.1 112.5 77.3 90.4 95.8
100.5 112.0 84.1 92.8 104.7
101.1 109.3 86.9 97.4 105.5
103.5 109.2 92.3 102.3 105.5
99.4 101.3 102.0 99.1 87.4
97.5 91.8 104.5 100.0 97.0
97.0 93.6 106.3 97.3 91.5
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
47.3 45.5 55.9
45.7 43.9 54.5
45.6 44.2 51.8
38.0 35.1 53.9
43.1 41.9 47.5
54.6 54.6 51.8
74.5 75.1 69.2
83.2 84.5 73.1
97.4 99.5 83.1
101.3 102.2 95.2
111.3 112.1 106.2
106.1 97.9 161.6
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
99.2 93.5 103.7 108.1 98.8 106.2 99.6 101.7 101.2
99.3 93.6 107.0 108.1 98.3 106.7 99.2 98.7 100.9
97.4 92.7 102.8 108.1 97.5 105.6 96.8 92.4 100.1
96.7 91.1 99.5 110.0 98.7 107.1 96.4 92.0 99.0
96.4 91.7 97.0 107.4 99.7 105.3 97.1 91.3 97.4
96.2 91.6 94.9 104.7 99.1 104.1 98.8 94.4 97.0
96.9 93.2 94.8 102.8 100.0 103.9 99.1 97.2 97.6
97.6 94.3 96.3 102.3 100.3 101.6 99.2 99.5 99.1
98.5 95.9 97.2 100.7 100.3 101.0 99.2 100.3 100.2
99.8 100.4 100.1 98.1 99.8 100.8 99.6 100.8 99.2
101.2 102.5 101.2 100.1 99.7 100.0 100.6 100.8 100.7
100.7 102.1 103.0 99.1 98.6 96.2 101.2 98.0 100.1
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products ............................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
97.3 102.8 95.7 98.2
96.7 103.1 95.6 97.8
95.4 102.4 98.6 97.2
94.3 102.5 98.0 96.2
94.5 102.6 103.5 95.8
94.6 102.4 107.7 93.6
95.2 103.1 106.8 93.5
96.6 102.5 102.8 96.3
100.8 100.2 106.3 97.3
100.4 99.7 99.2 99.6
100.6 99.6 95.8 102.1
100.0 99.7 94.1 103.0
103.1 100.0 101.9 81.9 101.8
102.3 99.9 99.7 81.6 101.0
101.8 99.4 96.7 77.5 101.0
101.4 100.0 93.5 74.5 101.1
100.6 100.6 91.2 77.1 100.3
99.7 100.2 92.0 78.8 100.6
99.9 100.4 92.5 81.8 100.2
99.8 100.5 95.5 85.9 100.3
100.7 100.1 100.4 103.4 100.6
99.7 99.8 103.9 99.4 100.1
99.8 100.1 100.7 102.7 99.8
99.5 99.5 97.9 102.7 99.4
103.8 100.1 101.6 104.1
102.6 98.1 101.1 103.4
101.6 97.4 100.2 103.0
102.0 98.1 102.0 104.2
101.6 98.8 101.8 102.6
100.9 98.5 101.1 100.9
100.5 98.6 101.1 100.6
100.3 99.3 101.3 101.5
100.2 99.5 100.7 100.2
100.1 100.4 99.5 98.8
99.8 99.9 99.3 100.3
99.4 100.1 98.7 99.8
100.3 121.5
100.3 117.2
100.3 114.5
102.1 111.1
102.1 107.3
101.3 105.1
101.1 102.7
100.7 102.7
100.7 101.6
99.9 99.9
99.7 99.5
99.0 97.8
107.5 103.4 98.8
105.9 102.2 98.4
105.3 100.6 98.1
104.6 101.8 98.8
104.8 101.3 99.2
103.8 100.1 99.6
103.2 99.8 99.5
101.4 99.3 99.6
100.6 99.4 99.9
100.2 100.7 100.1
99.6 99.9 99.9
99.0 99.4 100.1
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................ Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
102.0
101.4
101.0
101.0
101.1
100.5
100.7
100.7
100.3
99.7
99.7
99.7
103.5 105.4 98.0 101.5 100.0
102.7 102.6 99.6 101.5 100.0
102.2 102.6 98.7 101.7 100.2
100.9 102.8 99.5 100.9 100.1
99.9 102.6 99.2 101.1 100.4
99.5 101.1 100.3 100.6 100.0
97.6 100.8 100.9 101.1 100.1
99.4 100.1 100.1 100.8 100.1
100.9 100.5 100.5 100.4 100.0
99.2 99.6 99.8 99.6 99.6
99.5 100.3 99.9 99.7 100.2
99.2 99.7 99.8 99.9 99.8
101.4
101.3
100.8
101.4
101.0
100.4
100.8
101.3
100.1
99.8
99.8
99.2
100.1 103.5
99.3 102.2
98.3 101.1
99.4 101.4
100.1 101.5
99.6 100.9
99.7 100.9
100.9 100.8
100.1 100.3
99.9 99.8
99.7 99.5
98.9 99.7
PRICES
367
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 2001 Categories March
June
2002
Septem- December ber
March
June
2003
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
98.3
97.6
95.9
91.4
92.8
94.1
95.5
95.2
99.1
96.2
96.2
97.5
Food And Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables, fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ............................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices and manufactures thereof ...........
100.9 102.2
96.0 106.2
95.1 113.5
94.8 109.8
96.4 109.8
94.5 104.0
98.8 103.4
98.8 106.8
101.2 108.5
99.4 102.9
100.0 112.8
101.0 120.4
93.0 110.1 88.7
90.0 97.6 85.8
86.3 98.5 80.1
82.9 99.3 78.5
80.4 104.0 83.3
79.8 102.2 84.6
84.9 106.7 93.5
82.5 105.6 99.9
81.4 110.7 100.2
81.3 108.9 94.8
82.2 105.0 98.6
79.2 109.4 96.0
Beverages And Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
100.4 100.8
101.7 102.4
102.0 102.4
103.0 103.1
102.1 102.5
103.0 102.8
102.6 102.2
102.7 102.4
104.0 103.0
103.9 103.7
104.0 103.9
104.4 104.3
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
94.5 89.8 102.5 96.6 92.0
102.8 122.1 87.1 93.9 92.9
96.6 112.2 77.3 92.8 83.8
89.9 91.7 77.7 91.2 96.0
95.8 106.6 74.9 93.7 92.3
96.4 103.1 77.1 95.9 92.8
96.4 98.3 82.3 93.3 104.0
94.5 94.0 78.9 94.7 101.4
98.5 95.0 86.5 99.9 102.6
99.5 94.4 95.3 99.7 104.9
106.1 113.0 90.4 103.7 95.7
107.9 108.0 92.8 115.3 99.6
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, And Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
90.8 86.5 119.1
90.4 89.3 97.4
85.8 86.8 77.8
61.2 59.8 68.6
76.4 77.4 64.8
86.1 85.9 83.6
96.3 97.8 81.1
94.9 94.2 97.0
126.0 118.1 185.9
101.7 97.6 130.1
101.5 99.4 114.4
108.2 106.9 113.9
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
102.4 101.5 107.2 101.4 97.5 99.7 101.1 105.3 101.4
100.5 102.1 100.1 98.1 96.7 98.4 102.1 102.4 99.9
98.3 99.3 98.1 96.3 97.0 99.7 99.7 99.3 99.0
97.4 96.1 97.6 97.1 97.0 100.1 99.8 100.9 98.0
96.3 96.6 97.8 97.2 96.0 99.8 91.5 100.6 93.6
97.0 97.2 98.6 96.2 98.0 99.9 91.8 100.3 93.6
98.7 99.7 100.1 96.6 99.6 98.4 97.9 99.4 92.4
98.2 98.5 102.5 96.7 99.2 99.2 94.8 99.6 91.6
101.1 99.4 110.8 97.6 101.3 98.4 99.3 100.4 97.6
100.1 97.0 106.4 98.0 102.5 99.4 106.1 100.8 92.3
99.2 97.0 105.4 97.7 101.9 91.6 102.7 101.4 91.8
101.1 97.5 114.0 99.6 103.4 91.6 105.5 101.8 93.3
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products ............................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
100.0 99.7 92.0 103.6
98.0 99.0 96.2 102.7
94.8 98.7 90.4 99.3
92.0 97.9 88.3 96.2
92.2 97.6 96.2 93.4
92.8 98.2 93.2 91.7
93.5 99.3 93.9 93.7
93.7 99.3 89.8 93.0
94.1 99.0 94.4 93.0
94.4 99.2 95.8 93.5
95.7 98.5 113.7 94.5
97.8 98.8 112.0 93.7
99.1 99.9 95.5 104.6 99.3
98.8 99.4 93.5 95.3 100.1
98.1 99.3 94.0 82.2 99.3
97.1 97.4 92.5 73.8 99.0
97.3 96.9 90.9 76.9 98.5
96.9 96.9 94.6 79.7 98.3
97.0 97.5 99.9 76.4 98.6
97.8 97.7 101.9 77.3 98.3
100.3 97.6 99.0 80.0 97.9
100.8 97.9 101.2 78.1 98.3
100.6 97.8 99.9 80.7 98.5
101.8 98.1 105.1 87.7 99.5
Machinery And Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
99.2 99.2 99.7 100.6
98.5 98.8 99.1 99.4
98.0 98.6 99.1 100.1
97.7 98.5 98.7 99.7
97.1 98.0 98.5 98.4
97.1 98.2 99.0 100.8
96.7 99.4 98.3 102.4
96.1 98.7 99.2 101.4
95.8 99.1 100.7 104.0
95.8 99.9 101.4 105.2
95.5 99.7 102.2 103.6
95.3 100.4 103.6 105.0
99.3 95.7
98.2 93.6
98.0 90.0
97.8 88.8
97.5 88.1
97.8 87.8
98.4 86.4
98.6 84.2
99.8 82.7
100.8 81.8
100.2 80.5
101.2 78.2
98.1 99.9 100.1
97.2 98.8 99.8
96.8 98.6 100.0
96.3 97.8 100.3
94.8 96.8 100.1
94.4 97.1 100.2
92.8 96.5 100.3
92.0 95.6 100.5
90.0 95.3 100.6
89.3 95.4 100.7
88.6 96.0 100.6
86.7 95.3 101.6
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.1
98.8
98.6
98.7
99.0
99.5
99.7
99.6
99.9
98.8 99.8 100.1 101.1 100.8
99.2 98.5 99.0 100.6 100.1
98.3 98.9 99.3 100.1 100.4
98.4 98.9 98.7 100.2 100.3
98.9 99.1 99.3 100.1 99.5
98.5 98.8 99.0 99.7 99.2
96.5 98.8 100.5 99.5 99.4
95.6 99.4 99.6 100.5 99.6
95.8 99.5 101.5 100.8 99.8
94.8 100.2 101.6 100.6 100.0
95.1 100.4 102.9 100.5 99.9
93.2 100.1 103.8 100.7 100.1
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
99.1
98.7
98.5
98.5
97.9
97.8
98.2
98.2
98.5
99.5
99.3
100.0
99.7 99.7
98.5 99.7
98.2 99.6
98.4 97.8
97.2 97.3
97.8 97.1
98.4 97.6
98.5 97.5
99.4 98.1
100.0 98.3
99.2 98.3
99.9 98.8
368
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1993–2003 (2000 = 100.) Category and year
INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES ...........................................................................
Percent of U.S. imports 2000
Months March
June
September
December
49.3
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
90.5 92.3 97.4
91.4 93.4 99.8
91.5 94.8 100.0
91.7 96.1 100.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
99.7 97.4 94.6 94.1 99.5
98.8 96.5 94.0 94.8 100.1
99.3 96.4 93.3 96.4 100.9
99.4 96.1 93.8 97.5 101.4
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
100.2 94.3 100.0
99.0 95.7 98.4
96.5 96.9 98.6
93.7 96.7 100.0
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
92.8 95.1 100.0
93.8 95.9 102.6
94.1 97.4 102.9
94.6 98.8 102.9
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
102.1 99.5 97.8 97.6 100.2
101.1 98.9 97.5 97.7 99.9
101.4 98.8 96.7 98.1 100.2
100.7 98.6 97.3 98.9 99.8
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
99.9 95.6 97.8
99.2 96.3 97.7
97.6 96.9 98.2
96.0 96.7 99.4
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
64.5 58.2 66.3
63.8 64.3 67.6
61.8 64.3 65.2
58.7 64.1 66.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
71.6 73.3 59.3 56.9 92.7
72.3 68.9 56.8 65.1 102.2
76.0 69.4 57.2 78.7 107.5
84.3 68.5 55.7 83.2 118.2
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
103.9 82.9 134.3
97.2 93.8 113.7
85.2 102.4 108.9
69.9 102.7 112.4
94.2 90.1 97.5
93.5 94.2 98.7
92.3 95.0 97.4
89.6 95.7 97.6
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
99.8 100.6 92.4 87.7 99.8
99.0 99.4 90.7 90.3 100.4
101.3 98.7 89.5 94.5 102.5
102.7 96.6 86.8 96.9 99.5
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
97.0 90.9 96.7
96.6 92.2 93.1
95.0 94.3 93.3
88.6 93.4 94.1
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
104.6 104.2 107.3
104.5 105.1 108.8
104.2 105.8 108.6
103.7 106.5 108.4
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
108.9 108.4 103.5 98.8 99.8
108.4 107.8 102.2 98.9 99.7
107.9 107.0 100.6 99.0 100.3
108.6 105.3 99.6 99.3 100.2
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
99.6 95.6 96.5
98.8 95.9 95.1
97.9 96.2 95.1
96.0 95.8 94.5
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
64.9 52.0 69.5
62.8 63.8 70.3
59.1 64.8 66.1
51.9 65.5 67.3
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
73.7 75.8 57.1 53.0 99.9
72.1 72.6 54.9 63.6 102.4
80.9 72.2 54.5 80.3 109.2
84.5 68.8 46.8 89.2 97.4
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
88.9 81.3 113.3
89.7 88.2 98.0
86.1 99.6 98.8
65.3 96.4 106.5
Manufactured Goods ...........................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods ....................................................................................
OTHER COUNTRIES ............................................................................................
45.4
3.6
50.7
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Manufactured Goods ...........................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods ....................................................................................
43.5
7.2
369
PRICES
Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1993–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) Category and year
CANADA ................................................................................................................
Percent of U.S. imports 2000
Months March
June
September
December
17.5
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
86.5 85.5 92.1
85.9 87.2 93.8
85.2 88.1 94.8
85.1 90.2 94.7
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
94.3 93.2 90.1 88.8 97.2
93.5 92.6 89.7 90.6 99.8
93.8 93.2 89.3 93.5 102.4
95.1 92.0 88.7 94.7 105.6
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
102.6 96.1 106.6
101.8 97.8 103.1
97.0 99.6 103.9
93.2 99.2 104.4
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
91.6 91.4 98.0
90.8 92.3 99.4
90.4 93.6 100.7
90.9 95.9 100.5
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
99.0 98.0 96.7 95.5 98.8
98.0 98.0 96.6 96.1 98.9
97.7 98.3 96.3 96.9 101.3
97.4 97.3 95.5 97.7 101.8
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
101.6 99.1 100.9
102.8 98.7 101.1
99.9 99.5 103.2
98.1 98.9 103.3
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
60.6 54.7 61.7
60.3 61.1 64.4
58.1 60.1 63.9
55.3 60.3 64.8
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
70.3 69.9 58.4 56.5 89.3
70.7 66.6 56.6 64.2 103.6
74.4 68.1 56.5 76.8 107.6
84.3 66.4 56.3 79.9 124.4
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
108.1 83.8 143.1
97.9 96.8 119.0
83.1 104.1 111.5
69.8 104.9 114.0
92.2 91.9 97.7
92.9 93.1 99.5
92.0 94.9 99.7
91.8 96.2 100.4
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
101.3 100.5 98.9 98.8 100.8
101.0 100.0 98.8 99.1 100.1
101.7 99.1 98.7 99.9 100.0
101.9 100.1 99.4 100.3 98.9
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
99.0 97.4 103.2
98.8 99.2 102.8
98.2 101.0 102.8
97.4 100.9 104.3
93.0 92.9 98.6
93.8 93.9 100.4
93.0 95.8 100.9
92.8 97.1 101.5
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
102.3 101.0 100.4 100.9 100.8
101.8 100.8 100.6 100.6 99.9
102.4 100.1 100.5 100.8 99.6
102.3 101.0 101.5 100.8 98.6
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
99.2 98.1 103.3
98.8 99.9 103.2
98.7 101.5 103.2
98.4 101.4 104.5
74.8 67.6 72.8
72.7 73.5 74.5
70.3 71.9 71.2
67.6 72.0 73.0
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
78.8 89.3 65.6 53.6 100.4
80.6 82.2 58.7 66.6 102.9
85.7 76.5 58.8 81.3 107.9
91.7 78.4 53.4 88.7 106.2
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
96.0 86.6 118.8
99.5 88.7 106.7
89.1 99.6 111.5
75.7 104.1 118.8
Manufactured Goods ...........................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods ....................................................................................
EUROPEAN UNION ..............................................................................................
14.7
2.6
18.7
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Manufactured Goods ...........................................................................................
18.2
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Nonmanufactured Goods .................................................................................... 1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
0.5
370
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1993–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) Category and year
LATIN AMERICA ...................................................................................................
Percent of U.S. imports 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Manufactured Goods ...........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods ....................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
JAPAN ...................................................................................................................
December
... 84.3 81.7
... 83.9 85.3
... 83.0 90.7
89.0 80.4 94.2
98.9 99.5 94.0 104.8
100.9 98.9 96.2 99.6
103.5 97.2 100.0 99.8
99.5 90.6 98.9 102.6
... 94.8 92.0
... 95.0 93.6
... 93.8 94.6
97.2 93.5 96.0
98.3 104.2 101.5 108.2
99.6 103.5 102.4 103.6
101.6 102.5 104.2 104.4
102.3 101.4 103.8 105.8
... 60.8 59.3
... 59.7 67.2
... 59.4 82.1
70.8 51.9 90.2
100.2 89.3 83.5 111.7
103.5 89.0 90.7 103.5
107.8 86.0 103.0 100.9
93.6 67.3 99.3 109.8
3.6
1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2002
September
14.2
1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2002
June
17.8
1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003
Months March
10.7
1993 1994 1995 1996
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
98.5 105.2 108.6 110.1
100.9 105.8 112.5 108.4
103.5 107.0 112.0 107.8
104.4 108.0 111.0 106.5
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
104.6 99.8 98.2 99.6 99.4
103.2 98.2 98.2 100.0 98.6
102.7 96.8 98.6 99.9 97.8
101.0 98.0 99.6 99.9 97.0
2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
95.6 94.4
95.4 94.2
95.0 93.8
94.6 94.7
1993 ....................................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 .......................................................................................................................
121.5 120.7 120.9
121.2 120.4 121.3
121.2 120.2 121.5
120.8 120.2 120.8
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
120.6 116.6 108.7 101.3 100.6
119.6 115.3 105.2 100.8 99.9
118.1 113.8 103.0 100.7 100.0
117.3 111.3 102.0 100.8 99.3
2001 ....................................................................................................................... 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 2003 .......................................................................................................................
97.3 93.3 91.2
96.4 92.6 91.5
95.2 92.5 91.7
93.8 91.3 90.9
ASIAN NEWLY INDUSTRALIZED COUNTRIES ..................................................
. . . = Not available.
8.0
PRICES
371
Table 7-14. U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes and Percent Changes for Selected Categories of Services, December 2002–December 2003 (2000 = 100.) Index
Category
Trade (millions of September dollars) 2003
Percent change Annual
Quarterly
December 2003
December 2002 to December 2003
December 2002 to March 2003
June 2003 September March to 2003 to 2003 to September December June 2003 2003 2003
IMPORTS Air Freight ........................................................................................................................... Asia ......................................................................................................................................
4 168 2 329
116.8 115.2
114.9 110.4
7.5 6.4
3.1 1.6
1.2 -1.4
4.8 10.8
-1.6 -4.2
Air Passenger Fares .......................................................................................................... Europe ................................................................................................................................. Asia ...................................................................................................................................... Latin American/Caribbean ................................................................................................
18 253 11 250 2 626 1 916
125.9 127.1 111.0 107.3
107.0 95.9 118.8 108.3
-0.2 -3.2 4.0 1.7
1.3 3.1 -5.9 2.5
12.6 19.3 11.6 -2.4
2.9 4.3 -7.5 0.7
-15.0 -24.5 7.0 0.9
Air Freight ...........................................................................................................................
2 836
95.1
95.4
0.2
1.2
-1.1
-0.1
0.3
Air Passenger Fares .......................................................................................................... Europe ................................................................................................................................. Asia ..................................................................................................................................... Japan ................................................................................................................................... Latin American/Caribbean ...................................................................................................
20 319 5 394 8 936 5 473 3 413
118.0 140.2 103.8 104.6 123.8
118.4 139.9 103.5 101.2 127.1
14.7 18.5 12.7 13.8 8.9
5.0 6.7 6.0 8.4 0.0
7.9 16.4 3.6 2.6 0.7
0.9 -4.4 3.0 5.8 5.4
0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -3.3 2.7
EXPORTS
PART EIGHT CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES HIGHLIGHTS The principal objective of the Consumer Expenditure Survey is to collect information on the buying habits of American households. The unique aspect of the survey is that expenditures can be shown for the different demographic characteristics of the population such as income, age, family size, and regions. These data are used in a variety of research projects by government, business, and academic analysts. Another important use of the survey is to provide weights for the periodic revisions of the Consumer Price Index.
Percentage Distribution of Major Consumer Expenditures by Selected Age Groups, 2002 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Food at home
Housing 25–34
Transportation
35–44
45–54
55–64
Health care 65+
Housing, defined here as including utilities and other household expenditures, takes the largest share of expenditures for all age groups. Transportation expenses follow but are less important for the over 65 age groups because they own fewer vehicles and drive less. Younger age groups not only use less health care than the over 65 group but have more insurance coverage as most are employed. (Table 8-5) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • While expenditures per household rose 2.9 percent from 2001, health care expenditures rose 7.7 percent, and pensions and Social Security rose 5 percent. (Table 8-1) • The top income quintile (20 percent) consumes 37.2 percent of aggregate expenditures of all persons and similar proportions of total housing and transportation. (Table 8-4) • The percent of households that are homeowners varies by region and metropolitan area from 53 percent in Honolulu, Hawaii to 77 percent in Philadelphia. (Tables 8-20 and 8-23) Of homeowners age 65 and over, 62 percent have no mortgage. (Table 8-5) • Single men spend over 75 percent more than single women on vehicle purchases. Single women, whose average age is higher than single men, spend over 50 percent more on health care. (Table 8-18 and Table 8-19)
375
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Purpose, Collection, and Coverage The buying habits of American consumers change over time as a result of changes in relative prices, real income, family size and composition, and other determinants of people’s tastes and preferences. The introduction into the marketplace of new products and the emergence of new concepts in retailing also influence consumer buying habits. As the only national survey that can relate family expenditures to demographic characteristics, data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) are of great importance to researchers. The survey data are also used to revise the Consumer Price Index market baskets and item samples. The Bureau of Labor Statistics historically conducted surveys of consumer expenditures at intervals of approximately 10 years. The last such survey was conducted in 1972–73. In late 1979, in a significant departure from previous surveys, BLS initiated a survey to be conducted on a continuous basis, with rotating panels of respondents. The regular flow of data that results from this design substantially enhances the usefulness of the survey by providing more timely information on consumption patterns of different kinds of consumer units. The current CEX is similar to its 1972–73 predecessor in that it consists of two separate components, each with its own questionnaire and sample: (1) an interview panel survey in which each consumer unit in the sample is visited by an interviewer every three months over a 12-month period, and (2) a diary, or record-keeping, survey, completed by other consumer units for two consecutive oneweek periods. The Census Bureau, under contract to BLS, collects the data for both components of the survey. Beginning in 1999, the sample was increased from 5,000 to 7,500 households. The Interview Survey is designed to collect data on the types of expenditures that respondents can be expected to recall for a period of three months or longer. These include relatively large expenditures—such as those for property, travel, automobiles, and major appliances—and expenditures that occur on a regular basis—such as rent, utilities, insurance premiums, and clothing. The interview also obtains “global estimates” of food expenditures both for food at home and food away from home. For food-athome expenditures, respondents are asked to estimate the usual weekly expenditure at the grocery store, and how much of the expenditure was for nonfood items. Nonfood items are then subtracted from the total expenditure. Convenience and specialty stores are also included in the food-at-home estimates. The Interview survey collects approximately 95 percent of total expenditures. Excluded from the interview survey are nonprescription drugs, household supplies, and personal care products.
The Diary Survey is designed to collect expenditures on frequently purchased items that are more difficult to recall over longer periods of time. Respondents keep detailed records of expenses for food and beverages at home and meals in eating-places away from home. Expenditures for tobacco, drugs—including nonprescription drugs—and personal care supplies and services are also collected in the diary. Participants in both surveys record dollar amounts for goods and services purchased during the reporting period whether or not payment is made at the time of purchase. Excluded from both surveys are business-related expenditures as well as expenditures for which the family is reimbursed. At the initial interview for each survey, information is collected on demographic and family characteristics. The tables present integrated data from the Diary and Interview surveys, providing a complete accounting of consumer expenditures and income, which neither survey component alone is designed to do. Data on some expenditure items are collected only in either the Diary or Interview survey. For example, the Diary does not collect data for expenditures on overnight travel, or information on reimbursements, as the Interview does. Examples of expenditures for which any reimbursements are netted out include those for medical care; auto repair; and construction, repairs, alterations, and maintenance of property. For items unique to one or the other survey, the choice of which survey to use as the source of data is obvious. However, there is considerable overlap in coverage between the surveys. Because of this, integrating the data presents the problem of determining the appropriate survey component. When data are available from both survey sources, the more reliable of the two is selected as determined by statistical methods. As a result, some items are selected from the Interview survey and others from the Diary survey. Research is underway to evaluate survey methodology and is described in “Consumer Expenditure Survey Anthology, 2003” on the BLS Web site. Data Included in this Part The data in this edition are for the calendar year 2002 for a single characteristic or for an average of 2001 and 2002 for the tables cross-classified by two characteristics. Income values from the survey are derived from “complete income reporters” only. Complete income reporters are defined as consumer units that provide values for at least one of the major sources of their income: wages and salaries; self-employment income; retirement income; dividends and interest; and welfare benefits. Some consumer units are defined as complete income reporters
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
even though they may not have provided a full accounting of all income from all sources. Consumer units are classified by quintiles of income before taxes; age of reference person; size of consumer unit; region; composition of consumer unit; number of earners in consumer unit; housing tenure; race; type of area (urban or rural); and occupation.
377
sumer unit may have spent substantially more or substantially less than the average. The less frequently an item or service is purchased, the greater the difference between the average for all consumer units and the average of those purchasing. Income, age of family members, taste, personal preferences, and geographic location are among the factors that influence expenditures and should be considered when relating averages to individual circumstances.
Concepts and Definitions A consumer unit comprises either (1) all members of a particular household who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal arrangements; (2) a person living alone or sharing a household with others or living as a roomer in a private home or lodging house or in permanent living quarters in a hotel or motel, but who is financially independent; or (3) two or more persons living together who pool their income to make joint expenditure decisions. Financial independence is determined by the three major expense categories: housing, food, and other living expenses. To be considered financially independent, at least two of the three major expense categories have to be provided by the respondent. The terms “family,” “household,” and “consumer unit” are used interchangeably in descriptions of the CEX. The “householder” or “reference person” is the first member of the consumer unit mentioned by the respondent as owner or renter of the premises at the time of the initial interview. Expenditures are averages for consumer units with the specified characteristics, regardless of whether a particular unit incurred an expense for that specific item or service during the record-keeping period. An individual con-
Expenditures reported are the direct out-of-pocket expenditures of consumer units. Indirect expenditures may be significant for some expenditure categories, for example, utilities. Rental contracts may include some or all utilities, and renters with such contracts would record little or no direct expense for utilities. Therefore, caution should be exercised in making comparisons of expenditures for utilities by consumers of various income classes and types of housing. Earner is a consumer unit member who reported having worked at least one week during the 12 months prior to the interview date. Sources of Additional Information Reports published biennially by the BLS, include tables of integrated Diary and Interview survey data, survey source of data for the integrated tables. Also see BLS Report 969 and Report 974. Report 977 is an anthology of articles. An updated chapter of the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 16 is available on the BLS Web site.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-1. Consumer Expenditures, Average Annual of All Consumer Units, 1993–2002
All consumer units Item 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
100 049
102 210
103 123
104 212
105 576
107 182
108 465
109 367
110 339
112 108
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
34 868
36 181
36 918
38 014
39 926
41 622
43 951
44 649
47 507
49 430
Age Of Reference Person ...............................................
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ......... CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ................................................
63
63
64
64
64
64
65
66
66
66
With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
37 26
37 26
38 26
38 26
38 26
39 26
38 27
39 27
40 26
41 26
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
30 692
31 731
32 264
33 797
34 819
35 535
36 995
38 045
39 518
40 677
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
4 399 2 735 434 434 295 444 827 1 664
4 411 2 712 429 429 289 437 825 1 698
4 505 2 803 441 441 297 457 856 1 702
4 698 2 876 447 447 312 490 889 1 823
4 801 2 880 453 453 314 476 895 1 921
4 810 2 780 425 425 301 472 858 2 030
5 031 2 915 448 448 322 500 896 2 116
5 158 3 021 453 453 325 521 927 2 137
5 321 3 086 452 452 332 522 952 2 235
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
268
278
277
309
309
309
318
372
349
376
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
9 636 5 415 3 331 1 714 370 2 112 469 410 1 230
10 106 5 686 3 492 1 799 395 2 189 490 393 1 348
10 458 5 928 3 749 1 788 391 2 191 509 430 1 401
10 747 6 064 3 783 1 864 417 2 347 522 464 1 350
11 272 6 344 3 935 1 983 426 2 412 548 455 1 512
11 713 6 680 4 245 1 978 458 2 405 546 482 1 601
12 057 7 016 4 525 2 027 465 2 377 666 498 1 499
12 319 7 114 4 602 2 034 478 2 489 684 482 1 549
13 011 7 602 4 979 2 134 489 2 767 676 509 1 458
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
Apparel And Services ......................................................
1 676
1 644
1 704
1 752
1 729
1 674
1 743
1 856
1 743
1 749
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
5 453 2 319 977 1 843 314
6 044 2 725 986 1 953 381
6 014 2 638 1 006 2 015 355
6 382 2 815 1 082 2 058 427
6 457 2 736 1 098 2 230 393
6 616 2 964 1 017 2 206 429
7 011 3 305 1 055 2 254 397
7 417 3 418 1 291 2 281 427
7 633 3 579 1 279 2 375 400
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
Health Care .......................................................................
1 776
1 755
1 732
1 770
1 841
1 903
1 959
2 066
2 182
2 350
Entertainment ...................................................................
1 626
1 567
1 612
1 834
1 813
1 746
1 891
1 863
1 953
2 079
Personal Care Products And Services ..........................
385
397
403
513
528
401
408
564
465
526
Reading .............................................................................
166
165
162
159
164
161
159
146
141
139
Education .........................................................................
455
460
471
524
571
580
635
632
648
752
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ...................
268
259
269
255
264
273
300
319
308
320
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
715
749
766
855
847
860
867
776
750
792
Cash Contributions .........................................................
961
960
925
940
1 001
1 109
1 181
1 192
1 258
1 277
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
2 908 399 2 509
2 938 398 2 540
2 964 373 2 591
3 060 353 2 707
3 223 379 2 844
3 381 398 2 982
3 436 394 3 042
3 365 399 2 966
3 737 410 3 326
3 899 406 3 493
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
379
Table 8-2. Shares of Average Annual Expenditures and Characteristics of All Consumer Units, 1993–2002
Item
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
100 049
102 210
103 123
104 212
105 576
107 182
108 465
109 367
110 339
112 108
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
$34 868
$36 181
$36 918
$38 014
$39 926
$41 622
$43 951
$44 649
$47 507
$49 430
Age Of Reference Person ...............................................
47.8
47.6
48.0
47.7
47.7
47.6
47.9
48.2
48.1
48.1
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ................................................
63.0
63.0
64.0
64.0
64.0
64.0
65.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
37.0 26.0
37.0 26.0
38.0 26.0
38.0 26.0
38.0 26.0
39.0 26.0
38.0 27.0
39.0 27.0
40.0 26.0
41.0 26.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
$30 692
$31 731
$32 264
$33 797
$34 819
$35 535
$36 995
$38 045
$39 518
$40 677
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
14.3 8.9 1.4 2.4 1.0 1.4 2.7 5.4
13.9 8.5 1.4 2.3 0.9 1.4 2.6 5.4
14.0 8.7 1.4 2.3 0.9 1.4 2.7 5.3
13.9 8.5 1.3 2.2 0.9 1.4 2.6 5.4
13.8 8.3 1.3 2.1 0.9 1.4 2.6 5.5
13.5 7.8 1.2 2.0 0.8 1.3 2.4 5.7
13.6 7.9 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.4 2.4 5.7
13.6 7.9 1.2 2.1 0.9 1.4 2.4 5.6
13.5 7.8 1.1 2.1 0.8 1.3 2.4 5.7
13.2 7.6 1.1 2.0 0.8 1.4 2.4 5.6
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ......... CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
31.4 17.6 10.9 5.6 1.2 6.9 1.5 1.3 4.0
31.8 17.9 11.0 5.7 1.2 6.9 1.5 1.2 4.2
32.4 18.4 11.6 5.5 1.2 6.8 1.6 1.3 4.3
31.8 17.9 11.2 5.5 1.2 6.9 1.5 1.4 4.0
32.4 18.2 11.3 5.7 1.2 6.9 1.6 1.3 4.3
33.0 18.8 11.9 5.6 1.3 6.8 1.5 1.4 4.5
32.6 19.0 12.2 5.5 1.3 6.4 1.8 1.3 4.1
32.4 18.7 12.1 5.3 1.3 6.5 1.8 1.3 4.1
32.9 19.2 12.6 5.4 1.2 7.0 1.7 1.3 3.7
32.7 19.2 12.7 5.3 1.2 6.6 1.7 1.3 3.7
Apparel And Services ......................................................
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.4
4.3
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
17.8 7.6 3.2 6.0 1.0
19.0 8.6 3.1 6.2 1.2
18.6 8.2 3.1 6.2 1.1
18.9 8.3 3.2 6.1 1.3
18.5 7.9 3.2 6.4 1.1
18.6 8.3 2.9 6.2 1.2
19.0 8.9 2.9 6.1 1.1
19.5 9.0 3.4 6.0 1.1
19.3 9.1 3.2 6.0 1.0
19.1 9.0 3.0 6.1 1.0
Health Care ....................................................................... Health insurance ................................................................ Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
5.8 2.6 1.9 1.0 0.3
5.5 2.6 1.8 0.9 0.3
5.4 2.7 1.6 0.9 0.2
5.2 2.4 1.6 0.9 0.3
5.3 2.5 1.5 0.9 0.3
5.4 2.6 1.5 1.0 0.3
5.3 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.3
5.4 2.6 1.5 1.1 0.3
5.5 2.7 1.4 1.1 0.3
5.8 2.9 1.5 1.2 0.3
Entertainment ...................................................................
5.3
4.9
5.0
5.4
5.2
4.9
5.1
4.9
4.9
5.1
Personal Care Products And Services ..........................
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.3
Reading .............................................................................
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
Education .........................................................................
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.8
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ...................
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.0
1.9
1.9
Cash Contributions .........................................................
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.1
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
9.5 1.3 8.2
9.3 1.3 8.0
9.2 1.2 8.0
9.1 1.0 8.0
9.3 1.1 8.2
9.5 1.1 8.4
9.3 1.1 8.2
8.8 1.0 7.8
9.5 1.0 8.4
9.6 1.0 8.6
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-3. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Income Before Taxes, 2002 (Number, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
All consumer units
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
$70,000 and over
112 108
92 388
3 882
7 051
8 007
7 068
12 312
10 727
8 873
13 521
20 947
Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................
49 430
49 430
1 613
7 725
12 426
17 328
24 495
34 423
44 443
58 933
115 629
Average Income After Taxes1 ...........................................
46 934
46 934
1 616
7 722
12 429
17 282
24 020
33 591
42 509
56 349
107 827
Age Of Reference Person ..................................................
48
48
39
51
56
53
50
48
46
45
45
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
1.7 0.4 0.2 0.9 1.0
1.7 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9
1.8 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.2
2.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.4
2.3 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.6
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.5 2.1
2.8 0.8 0.2 1.8 2.5
3.1 0.9 0.1 2.0 2.9
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Male ..................................................................................... Female .................................................................................
51 49
51 49
42 58
33 67
34 66
41 59
49 51
53 47
54 46
59 41
63 37
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..................................................
66
66
30
39
51
54
58
64
69
78
88
With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
41 26
40 25
13 18
11 28
12 39
16 38
26 32
36 27
47 23
57 20
72 16
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
40 677
42 557
19 699
16 488
20 918
25 015
28 836
35 095
41 787
50 406
76 627
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
5 612 3 217 471 815 345 568 1 018 2 395
3 485 2 206 321 612 227 386 660 1 278
2 865 1 838 272 478 215 311 562 1 027
3 238 2 317 347 640 233 418 678 922
3 768 2 483 383 615 275 447 762 1 286
4 349 2 768 403 729 294 502 840 1 581
4 881 3 006 431 782 315 527 951 1 875
5 502 3 241 454 807 371 559 1 050 2 261
6 548 3 555 519 896 377 612 1 151 2 994
8 874 4 524 666 1 099 481 807 1 471 4 350
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
376
415
197
174
155
192
275
346
433
453
780
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
13 481 7 854 5 148 2 197 509 2 683 736 606 1 602
6 776 4 124 1 506 2 181 437 1 451 188 377 636
6 073 3 536 1 164 2 202 169 1 558 201 284 494
7 100 4 066 1 588 2 305 173 1 889 304 294 547
8 540 4 954 2 165 2 583 206 2 068 314 411 792
9 595 5 368 2 511 2 640 217 2 316 477 432 1 001
11 240 6 451 3 547 2 601 304 2 526 575 490 1 198
13 159 7 671 4 720 2 604 346 2 749 688 523 1 529
15 276 8 581 6 047 2 082 452 3 126 753 1 046 1 770
23 695 14 212 11 502 1 461 1 249 3 782 1 571 847 3 283
Apparel And Services ........................................................
1 749
1 872
1 349
713
994
1 131
1 176
1 497
1 692
2 043
3 469
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
7 984 3 778 1 252 2 550 404
2 975 1 253 604 934 183
2 591 1 153 499 781 158
3 951 2 053 649 1 085 165
4 752 2 416 796 1 365 176
5 275 2 323 987 1 734 231
7 041 3 343 1 261 2 172 264
8 651 4 292 1 289 2 688 382
10 555 5 191 1 592 3 302 471
13 487 6 198 1 927 4 527 834
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
2 410 1 185 605 508 112
1 060 493 236 267 64
1 139 612 177 301 49
1 854 927 310 500 117
2 118 1 122 370 544 82
2 289 1 109 455 629 95
2 379 1 180 590 506 103
2 598 1 276 716 495 112
2 672 1 313 734 502 124
3 230 1 550 974 549 157
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 079
2 167
867
721
859
1 002
1 187
1 561
1 924
2 641
4 457
Personal Care Products And Services ............................
526
562
300
252
351
386
432
464
551
655
915
Reading ...............................................................................
139
145
61
58
86
83
106
109
140
170
262
Education ............................................................................
752
771
1 394
552
377
448
311
388
536
619
1 653
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .....................
320
334
191
244
249
298
364
390
401
422
302
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
792
846
391
318
407
501
675
808
778
1 035
1 417
Cash Contributions ............................................................
1 277
1 366
350
437
507
800
981
1 093
1 182
1 560
2 704
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
3 899 406 3 493
4 593 425 4 169
302 125 177
350 134 216
790 213 577
995 211 784
1 822 259 1 563
2 898 324 2 574
4 239 385 3 854
5 756 469 5 287
11 382 867 10 515
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
381
Table 8-4. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Quintiles of Income Before Taxes, 2002 (Number, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ....
All consumer units
112 108
Complete reporting of income, total
92 388
Lowest 20 percent
18 456
Second 20 percent
18 474
Third 20 percent
Fourth 20 percent
18 474
Highest 20 percent
18 487
Incomplete reporting of income
18 498
19 719
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 .................................
49 430
49 430
8 316
21 162
36 989
59 177
121 367
(1)
Average Income After Taxes1 ....................................
46 934
46 934
8 323
20 859
35 817
56 497
113 044
(1)
Age Of Reference Person ..........................................
48
48
50
52
48
45
46
48
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ........................................................................ Children under 18 ......................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................... Earners ......................................................................... Vehicles ........................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
1.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.0
2.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.8 0.8 0.2 1.8 2.5
3.2 0.9 0.1 2.1 2.9
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Male .............................................................................. Female ..........................................................................
51 49
51 49
35 65
45 55
53 47
59 41
62 38
50 50
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ...........................................
66
66
42
56
65
77
89
69
With mortgage .............................................................. Without mortgage .........................................................
41 26
40 25
12 30
21 35
39 26
57 20
74 15
41 29
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .......................
40 677
42 557
19 061
27 140
36 881
50 432
79 199
33 201
Food ............................................................................. Food at home ............................................................... Cereals and bakery products .................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................... Dairy products .......................................................... Fruits and vegetables ............................................... Other food at home ................................................... Food away from home ..................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
5 612 3 217 471 815 345 568 1 018 2 395
3 186 2 144 323 575 229 381 636 1 042
4 140 2 677 393 700 288 482 814 1 464
5 071 3 073 440 779 331 536 986 1 998
6 574 3 660 528 928 392 633 1 178 2 914
9 083 4 528 668 1 091 482 809 1 478 4 554
4 771 2 799 399 758 288 511 842 1 973
Alcoholic Beverages ..................................................
376
415
172
234
389
465
814
275
Housing ....................................................................... Shelter .......................................................................... Owned dwellings ...................................................... Rented dwellings ...................................................... Other lodging ............................................................ Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................ Household operations ................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .........................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
13 481 7 854 5 148 2 197 509 2 683 736 606 1 602
6 640 3 891 1 422 2 241 228 1 661 237 306 544
9 117 5 161 2 355 2 589 216 2 209 415 428 904
11 743 6 771 3 810 2 647 313 2 585 610 501 1 277
15 340 8 743 6 159 2 108 476 3 106 768 929 1 795
24 541 14 690 11 980 1 400 1 309 3 851 1 650 865 3 484
12 619 7 716 5 244 1 986 485 2 691 563 395 1 254
Apparel And Services ................................................
1 749
1 872
953
1 168
1 526
2 094
3 617
1 416
Transportation ............................................................ Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ..................................... Gasoline and motor oil .................................................. Other vehicle expenses ................................................ Public transportation .....................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
7 984 3 778 1 252 2 550 404
3 285 1 603 581 938 162
5 013 2 322 907 1 570 215
7 472 3 588 1 245 2 336 303
10 369 5 083 1 569 3 244 472
13 769 6 288 1 957 4 657 866
6 727 3 134 1 154 2 120 320
Health Care .................................................................. Health insurance ........................................................... Medical services ........................................................... Drugs ............................................................................ Medical supplies ...........................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
2 410 1 185 605 508 112
1 402 702 239 379 82
2 183 1 107 414 578 84
2 506 1 212 652 531 112
2 692 1 354 725 491 123
3 262 1 548 994 561 160
2 095 1 088 521 406 79
Entertainment .............................................................
2 079
2 167
813
1 103
1 644
2 659
4 608
1 745
Personal Care Products And Services .....................
526
562
306
417
493
644
947
433
Reading .......................................................................
139
145
69
97
120
168
271
107
Education ....................................................................
752
771
663
364
437
662
1 729
676
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ..............
320
334
238
331
390
410
299
260
Miscellaneous .............................................................
792
846
373
625
756
1 020
1 456
572
Cash Contributions ....................................................
1 277
1 366
449
862
1 121
1 558
2 834
862
Personal Insurance And Pensions ........................... Life and other personal insurance ................................ Pensions and Social Security .......................................
3 899 406 3 493
4 593 425 4 169
512 159 353
1 484 243 1 242
3 213 340 2 873
5 776 477 5 298
11 967 903 11 064
644 320 324
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
382
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-5. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Age of Reference Person, 2002
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
All consumer units
Under 25 years
112 108
25 to 34 years
8 737
35 to 44 years
18 988
45 to 54 years
24 394
55 to 64 years
22 691
65 years and over
15 314
21 983
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 .....................................
49 430
20 773
49 133
61 532
64 974
53 162
29 711
Average Income After Taxes1 ........................................
46 934
20 206
46 875
58 457
60 923
50 306
28 674
Age Of Reference Person ...............................................
48
21
30
40
49
59
75
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over ......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
1.9 0.4
2.9 1.1
3.2 1.3
2.7 0.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.3 1.1
1.5 1.8
1.7 2.2
1.8 2.4
2.1 0.2 0.1 1.3 2.2
1.7 0.1 1.4 0.5 1.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Male ................................................................................... Female ..............................................................................
51 49
46 54
52 48
52 48
54 46
54 46
46 54
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ................................................
66
15
49
68
76
81
80
With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
41 26
8 7
42 8
56 12
56 20
43 38
18 62
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ...........................
40 677
24 229
40 318
48 330
48 748
44 330
28 105
Food .................................................................................. Food at home .................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................ Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ....................................... Dairy products ............................................................... Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ....................................................... Food away from home .......................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
3 621 1 926 287 460 200 338 640 1 696
5 471 3 093 442 817 324 522 988 2 378
6 314 3 601 542 918 392 597 1 153 2 712
6 228 3 528 500 929 367 627 1 106 2 700
5 559 3 114 423 807 325 591 967 2 445
3 910 2 548 386 641 274 510 738 1 362
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
376
394
395
367
465
420
237
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ........................................................... Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ....................................................... Housekeeping supplies ..................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
7 436 4 851 830 3 644 377 1 348 198 226 812
13 727 8 470 4 701 3 476 293 2 503 895 389 1 469
16 350 9 902 7 105 2 351 446 3 026 1 010 589 1 823
15 476 9 223 6 787 1 733 704 3 106 613 633 1 900
13 831 7 667 5 595 1 303 770 2 953 561 838 1 811
9 176 4 834 3 162 1 259 413 2 371 602 466 903
Apparel And Services .....................................................
1 749
1 365
1 989
2 101
2 029
1 791
972
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ...................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
5 102 2 635 903 1 339 225
8 423 4 269 1 257 2 505 392
9 400 4 592 1 473 2 935 400
9 173 4 203 1 495 3 055 421
8 449 3 882 1 292 2 735 540
4 481 1 818 777 1 586 300
Health Care ...................................................................... Health insurance ............................................................... Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
640 285 196 130 30
1 417 762 391 209 55
1 980 1 023 556 303 99
2 550 1 180 768 490 112
3 007 1 356 863 659 129
3 586 1 886 582 955 163
Entertainment ..................................................................
2 079
1 212
2 027
2 685
2 565
2 297
1 139
Personal Care Products And Services ..........................
526
329
488
615
588
557
451
Reading ............................................................................
139
57
103
135
167
181
147
Education .........................................................................
752
1 664
571
738
1 208
589
202
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ...................
320
286
315
376
415
361
152
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
792
422
678
841
989
930
686
Cash Contributions .........................................................
1 277
319
743
1 247
1 571
1 520
1 679
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................ Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
3 899 406 3 493
1 382 51 1 331
3 972 230 3 742
5 183 409 4 774
5 323 559 4 764
4 838 595 4 243
1 286 407 880
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. 2Value less than 0.05.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
383
Table 8-6. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Size of Consumer Unit, 2002
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...................................
All consumer units
One person
Two or more persons
Two persons
Three persons
Four persons
Five or more persons
112 108
33 055
79 053
34 849
17 308
15 822
11 074
49 430
27 042
59 020
52 694
60 077
67 755
64 954
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ............................................................... Average Income After
Taxes1
..................................................................
46 934
25 226
56 232
49 941
57 230
64 603
62 667
Age Of Reference Person .........................................................................
48
51
47
53
44
41
41
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ....................................................................................................... Children under 18 ........................................................................................ Persons 65 and over ................................................................................... Earners ........................................................................................................ Vehicles .......................................................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
1.0 ... 0.3 0.6 1.0
3.1 0.9 0.3 1.7 2.3
2.0 0.1 0.5 1.2 2.2
3.0 0.8 0.2 1.8 2.3
4.0 1.6 0.1 2.0 2.5
5.6 2.8 0.1 2.3 2.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Males ........................................................................................................... Females .......................................................................................................
51 49
45 55
54 46
56 44
51 49
53 47
51 49
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..........................................................................
66
51
73
74
69
74
71
With mortgage ............................................................................................. Without mortgage ........................................................................................
41 26
21 30
49 24
39 35
50 19
60 14
58 13
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .....................................................
40 677
24 190
47 508
41 797
48 098
54 033
55 501
Food ............................................................................................................ Food at home .............................................................................................. Cereals and bakery products .................................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................. Dairy products ......................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables .............................................................................. Other food at home ................................................................................. Food away from home .................................................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
2 913 1 558 225 359 166 292 515 1 356
6 367 3 718 541 975 394 656 1 152 2 649
5 318 2 943 413 767 307 547 910 2 375
6 361 3 733 523 986 398 650 1 176 2 628
7 445 4 431 660 1 148 480 754 1 389 3 014
8 302 5 247 821 1 400 552 893 1 580 3 055
Alcoholic Beverages .................................................................................
376
285
413
453
399
389
334
Housing ...................................................................................................... Shelter ......................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ..................................................................................... Rented dwellings ..................................................................................... Other lodging ........................................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................................... Household operations ................................................................................. Housekeeping supplies ............................................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ........................................................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
8 619 5 465 2 605 2 538 322 1 712 400 270 772
15 224 8 818 6 235 2 002 581 3 091 834 656 1 826
13 380 7 728 5 225 1 839 664 2 736 513 677 1 725
15 183 8 847 6 121 2 234 492 3 114 977 551 1 695
17 636 10 299 7 809 1 957 532 3 418 1 267 676 1 976
17 660 10 088 7 344 2 214 529 3 702 998 722 2 151
Apparel And Services ...............................................................................
1 749
921
2 086
1 559
2 247
2 380
3 150
Transportation ........................................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .................................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ................................................................................ Other vehicle expenses ............................................................................... Public transportation ....................................................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
3 890 1 662 646 1 306 276
9 377 4 502 1 481 2 957 436
8 110 3 805 1 257 2 591 458
10 003 4 994 1 512 3 099 397
10 685 5 177 1 713 3 318 476
10 510 4 966 1 809 3 366 369
Health Care ................................................................................................ Health insurance ......................................................................................... Medical services .......................................................................................... Drugs ........................................................................................................... Medical supplies ..........................................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
1 522 759 330 366 68
2 696 1 339 699 538 121
3 010 1 491 700 682 137
2 496 1 247 648 495 106
2 472 1 240 740 390 102
2 340 1 144 715 363 119
Entertainment ............................................................................................
2 079
1 193
2 448
2 115
2 308
2 928
3 038
Personal Care Products And Services ....................................................
526
310
614
557
611
682
706
Reading ......................................................................................................
139
108
151
162
143
150
132
Education ...................................................................................................
752
562
831
491
935
1 156
1 279
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .............................................
320
210
367
327
418
352
434
Miscellaneous ............................................................................................
792
602
872
797
859
926
1 049
Cash Contributions ...................................................................................
1 277
998
1 394
1 516
1 203
1 242
1 523
Personal Insurance And Pensions .......................................................... Life and other personal insurance ............................................................... Pensions and Social Security ......................................................................
3 899 406 3 493
2 055 183 1 872
4 670 499 4 170
4 002 492 3 510
4 932 499 4 433
5 590 520 5 071
5 043 493 4 550
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. . . . = Not available.
384
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-7. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Composition of Consumer Unit, 2002
Husband and wife consumer units Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
All consumer units
112 108
Husband and wife with children Husband and wife only
Total
56 265
23 118
Oldest child Oldest child Oldest child under 6 6 to 17 18 years or years years over
Total
28 790
5 547
15 206
8 036
Other husband and wife consumer units
4 357
Single One parent, person and at least one other child under consumer 18 years units
6 730
49 112
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
49 430
67 155
58 967
73 918
67 587
72 720
81 042
65 866
26 966
32 469
Average Income After Taxes1 .........................................
46 934
63 697
55 609
70 213
63 849
69 009
77 369
63 487
26 483
30 782
Age Of Reference Person ...............................................
48
48
57
42
32
40
51
48
37
49
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
3.2 0.9 0.3 1.7 2.6
2.0 ... 0.6 1.2 2.4
3.9 1.6 0.1 2.0 2.7
3.5 1.5
4.1 2.1
(2)
(2)
1.9 2.6
5.0 1.5 0.5 2.4 2.7
2.9 1.8
1.7 2.2
3.9 0.6 0.2 2.6 3.3
1.0 1.2
1.6 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Males ................................................................................. Females .............................................................................
51 49
63 37
67 33
61 39
63 37
59 41
62 38
61 39
13 87
42 58
(2)
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ................................................
66
82
86
80
69
81
87
76
40
52
With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
41 26
56 27
43 42
66 14
62 7
69 12
63 25
52 24
31 9
25 27
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
40 677
52 334
45 557
57 835
52 779
58 104
60 860
52 484
30 185
28 627
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
6 881 3 987 579 1 025 426 714 1 242 2 894
5 676 3 160 442 813 329 602 974 2 516
7 785 4 528 676 1 146 497 779 1 431 3 257
6 348 3 940 560 942 454 711 1 274 2 408
8 041 4 664 708 1 163 517 789 1 487 3 376
8 324 4 690 697 1 263 487 808 1 434 3 634
7 661 5 030 711 1 409 506 914 1 491 2 630
4 745 3 057 461 832 318 498 948 1 688
3 659 2 033 292 520 212 364 645 1 625
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
376
441
479
432
340
436
490
295
146
331
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
16 649 9 578 7 411 1 451 715 3 271 943 754 2 104
14 422 8 110 6 114 1 157 840 2 915 553 817 2 027
18 460 10 795 8 536 1 611 648 3 478 1 264 712 2 212
19 141 11 269 8 506 2 384 379 2 979 2 320 552 2 021
18 619 10 912 8 728 1 600 584 3 491 1 221 724 2 271
17 697 10 247 8 196 1 097 954 3 797 615 804 2 234
16 506 9 323 6 860 1 962 501 3 787 891 687 1 819
11 022 6 513 3 102 3 280 131 2 471 814 337 886
9 716 6 007 2 874 2 818 314 2 042 419 324 925
Apparel And Services ......................................................
1 749
2 218
1 633
2 643
2 630
2 689
2 565
2 636
1 885
1 172
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
10 199 4 795 1 621 3 287 496
8 592 3 898 1 345 2 818 531
11 425 5 513 1 807 3 649 455
10 467 5 391 1 494 3 176 406
11 203 5 512 1 761 3 491 439
12 506 5 600 2 112 4 274 521
10 629 4 806 1 852 3 400 571
5 549 2 833 912 1 645 159
5 266 2 484 837 1 647 298
Health Care ....................................................................... Health insurance ................................................................ Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
3 110 1 551 808 615 136
3 614 1 799 828 823 164
2 716 1 362 806 433 115
2 233 1 253 633 274 73
2 676 1 343 815 400 118
3 127 1 473 909 604 140
3 027 1 488 710 711 118
1 252 578 411 187 77
1 629 809 365 382 74
Entertainment ...................................................................
2 079
2 762
2 265
3 213
2 425
3 593
3 037
2 447
1 362
1 391
Personal Care Products And Services ..........................
526
662
608
711
549
757
736
641
428
379
Reading .............................................................................
139
174
192
166
132
169
184
130
72
107
Education .........................................................................
752
952
490
1 366
336
1 246
2 303
675
454
563
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ...................
320
336
286
344
275
318
440
548
262
311
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
792
921
865
949
913
827
1 205
1 034
569
675
Cash Contributions .........................................................
1 277
1 646
1 909
1 481
1 037
1 399
1 941
1 335
374
979
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
3 899 406 3 493
5 384 605 4 779
4 524 634 3 891
6 144 592 5 552
5 952 424 5 528
6 129 609 5 520
6 304 675 5 629
4 920 539 4 381
2 066 182 1 883
2 448 209 2 239
1Components of income 2Value less than 0.05.
. . . = Not available.
and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
385
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-8. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Number of Earners, 2002
Single consumers Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...................................
All consumer units
No earner
Consumer units of two or more persons
One earner
No earner
One earner
Two earners
Three or more earners
112 108
12 289
20 766
9 448
22 535
36 558
10 512
Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................................
49 430
14 653
33 475
25 671
44 393
70 448
79 070
Average Income After Taxes1 ..................................................................
46 934
14 451
30 822
25 133
42 585
66 689
75 664
Age Of Reference Person .........................................................................
48
67
42
65
47
42
46
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ....................................................................................................... Children under 18 ........................................................................................ Persons 65 and over ................................................................................... Earners ........................................................................................................ Vehicles .......................................................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
1.0 ... 0.7 ... 0.8
1.0 ... 0.1 1.0 1.2
2.3 0.4 1.2 ... 1.8
2.9 1.0 0.3 1.0 2.0
3.1 0.9 0.1 2.0 2.5
4.4 1.1 0.1 3.3 3.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Males ........................................................................................................... Females .......................................................................................................
51 49
32 68
52 48
57 43
44 56
58 42
55 45
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..........................................................................
66
61
45
78
66
74
78
With mortgage ............................................................................................. Without mortgage ........................................................................................
41 26
10 51
28 17
18 60
41 25
58 16
59 19
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .....................................................
40 677
17 607
28 077
29 721
39 923
52 991
60 844
Food ............................................................................................................ Food at home .............................................................................................. Cereals and bakery products .................................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................. Dairy products ......................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables .............................................................................. Other food at home ................................................................................. Food away from home .................................................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
2 383 1 620 240 387 175 314 504 763
3 223 1 521 216 344 161 279 522 1 702
4 542 2 959 460 738 316 563 882 1 584
5 650 3 546 525 931 386 641 1 063 2 103
6 729 3 704 525 967 392 635 1 184 3 025
8 381 4 884 711 1 328 494 859 1 493 3 497
Alcoholic Beverages .................................................................................
376
113
385
208
320
491
528
Housing ...................................................................................................... Shelter ......................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ..................................................................................... Rented dwellings ..................................................................................... Other lodging ........................................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................................... Household operations ................................................................................. Housekeeping supplies ............................................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ........................................................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
7 030 3 973 1 890 1 903 180 1 666 608 272 511
9 559 6 349 3 028 2 914 406 1 739 277 268 926
9 825 5 113 3 278 1 293 542 2 553 505 541 1 113
13 324 7 700 4 995 2 229 476 2 865 681 551 1 526
17 101 10 074 7 384 2 084 606 3 169 1 069 710 2 079
17 640 10 175 7 560 1 864 752 3 788 636 798 2 243
Apparel And Services ...............................................................................
1 749
612
1 103
1 037
1 839
2 351
2 665
Transportation ........................................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .................................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ................................................................................ Other vehicle expenses ............................................................................... Public transportation ....................................................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
2 173 816 395 799 164
4 906 2 163 795 1 606 342
5 330 2 382 906 1 664 377
7 576 3 699 1 214 2 333 330
10 384 4 960 1 607 3 330 487
13 372 6 538 2 133 4 159 541
Health Care ................................................................................................ Health insurance ......................................................................................... Medical services .......................................................................................... Drugs ........................................................................................................... Medical supplies ..........................................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
2 064 1 108 289 597 71
1 201 552 354 229 66
3 827 1 990 676 972 188
2 544 1 242 650 538 114
2 498 1 248 710 433 106
2 693 1 277 783 510 123
Entertainment ............................................................................................
2 079
701
1 484
1 265
2 037
2 801
3 172
Personal Care Products And Services ....................................................
526
286
325
458
565
654
722
Reading ......................................................................................................
139
97
114
140
133
162
164
Education ...................................................................................................
752
269
736
251
576
858
1 806
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .............................................
320
142
250
210
324
387
529
Miscellaneous ............................................................................................
792
439
698
608
731
975
1 052
Cash Contributions ...................................................................................
1 277
938
1 034
1 471
1 235
1 398
1 649
Personal Insurance And Pensions .......................................................... Life and other personal insurance ............................................................... Pensions and Social Security ......................................................................
3 899 406 3 493
361 171 189
3 058 190 2 868
550 415 135
3 070 452 2 618
6 202 534 5 668
6 470 556 5 914
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. . . . = Not available.
386
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-9. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Housing Tenure, Type of Area, Race and Hispanic Origin of Reference Person, 2002
Housing tenure Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
All consumer units
112 108
Homeowner
74 419
Type of area
Renter
Urban
37 689
Race of consumer unit White and Other
Rural
98 386
13 722
98 553
Black
Hispanic origin of consumer unit Hispanic
13 554
10 500
Non-Hispanic
101 608
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................
49 430
59 345
30 386
50 985
38 376
51 177
35 944
37 360
50 742
Average Income After Taxes1 ...........................................
46 934
56 209
29 119
48 332
36 998
48 504
34 808
36 482
48 070
Age Of Reference Person ..................................................
48
52
40
48
51
48
46
42
49
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.6 0.7 0.4 1.4 2.3
2.2 0.6 0.1 1.2 1.2
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.6 0.4 1.4 2.5
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.4 2.1
2.7 0.9 0.2 1.3 1.3
3.3 1.1 0.2 1.6 1.7
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Males ................................................................................... Females ...............................................................................
51 49
54 46
46 54
51 49
50 50
52 48
40 60
52 48
51 49
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..................................................
66
100
...
64
82
69
48
48
68
With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
41 26
61 39
... ...
41 23
37 45
42 27
32 16
33 15
41 27
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
40 677
46 908
28 372
41 600
34 067
42 135
30 136
34 742
41 295
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
6 009 3 454 501 881 370 613 1 090 2 555
4 123 2 397 350 636 247 432 732 1 725
5 465 3 129 455 804 330 562 978 2 336
4 739 2 884 414 756 317 485 913 1 855
5 542 3 159 459 789 342 565 1 004 2 383
4 186 2 669 390 862 232 460 725 1 517
5 666 3 643 498 1 057 385 720 982 2 023
5 349 3 047 446 774 323 536 968 2 302
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
376
402
324
395
241
402
190
301
383
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
15 058 8 458 7 752 67 639 3 155 876 674 1 896
9 777 6 588 56 6 293 239 1 755 370 291 773
13 771 8 277 5 389 2 358 530 2 701 751 511 1 532
9 780 4 622 3 559 739 324 2 565 381 790 1 422
13 633 8 043 5 432 2 065 546 2 673 733 578 1 606
10 756 6 279 3 223 2 852 204 2 768 509 313 887
11 841 7 372 3 567 3 645 161 2 413 407 471 1 179
13 431 7 877 5 330 2 006 540 2 712 737 552 1 553
Apparel And Services ........................................................
1 749
1 942
1 369
1 814
1 292
1 756
1 704
2 097
1 716
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
8 972 4 238 1 413 2 886 435
5 365 2 533 883 1 651 298
7 787 3 647 1 211 2 510 420
7 562 3 796 1 411 2 187 168
8 077 3 836 1 278 2 553 411
5 447 2 420 925 1 875 228
6 769 3 130 1 261 2 062 317
7 861 3 720 1 232 2 513 396
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
2 921 1 450 737 605 130
1 223 611 300 255 57
2 315 1 151 583 476 106
2 606 1 291 641 572 102
2 490 1 226 637 514 113
1 339 747 247 295 50
1 366 671 358 271 66
2 452 1 219 614 510 109
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 079
2 501
1 246
2 124
1 755
2 211
1 124
1 409
2 148
Personal Care Products And Services ............................
526
598
384
541
418
531
488
492
529
Reading ...............................................................................
139
166
84
145
95
148
67
60
147
Education ............................................................................
752
774
708
806
363
792
463
488
779
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .....................
320
307
347
307
419
336
210
186
334
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
792
895
589
808
683
818
606
628
809
Cash Contributions ............................................................
1 277
1 588
663
1 300
1 112
1 327
917
612
1 346
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
3 899 406 3 493
4 773 524 4 249
2 171 173 1 998
4 023 407 3 616
3 003 398 2 605
4 072 419 3 653
2 640 312 2 328
2 827 196 2 631
4 009 428 3 581
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. . . . = Not available.
387
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-10. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Region of Residence, 2002
Item
All consumer units
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
112 108
21 313
25 883
40 004
24 907
49 430
53 983
49 197
45 641
52 016
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................ Taxes1
...........................................
46 934
51 578
46 370
43 617
49 008
Age Of Reference Person ..................................................
48
49
48
48
47
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.2
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
51 49
51 49
51 49
50 50
53 47
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..................................................
66
64
70
68
62
With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
41 26
38 26
41 29
40 28
43 19
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
40 677
42 390
40 601
37 281
44 728
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
5 813 3 296 498 878 348 605 967 2 517
5 180 2 932 435 706 320 490 981 2 247
5 102 2 961 421 809 300 511 919 2 141
5 630 3 317 469 807 365 635 1 041 2 314
Average Income After
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
376
458
410
282
420
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
14 558 8 962 5 793 2 567 602 2 750 804 498 1 544
12 641 7 097 4 944 1 657 496 2 682 570 709 1 583
11 766 6 478 4 322 1 744 412 2 775 690 489 1 333
15 297 9 792 6 211 3 003 578 2 485 787 506 1 727
Apparel And Services ........................................................
1 749
1 965
1 728
1 592
1 836
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 397 389
7 185 3 036 1 081 298 612
8 133 4 034 1 269 396 342
7 393 3 591 1 238 452 265
8 449 3 937 1 325 393 445
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
2 207 1 178 505 418 107
2 383 1 185 566 519 112
2 431 1 196 597 546 92
2 310 1 096 676 421 117
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 079
2 287
2 143
1 705
2 436
Personal Care Products And Services ............................
526
518
517
509
569
Reading ...............................................................................
139
165
149
103
162
Education ............................................................................
752
1 062
718
487
947
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .....................
320
315
396
321
247
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
792
733
776
764
905
Cash Contributions ............................................................
1 277
1 199
1 363
1 193
1 389
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
3 899 406 3 493
3 924 460 3 464
4 065 448 3 617
3 632 389 3 243
4 132 345 3 787
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
388
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-11. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Occupation of Reference Person, 2002
Wage and salary earners All consumer units
Selfemployed workers
112 108
5 106
74 695
Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................
49 430
54 787
Average Income After Taxes1 ...........................................
46 934
Age Of Reference Person ..................................................
48
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
Service workers
27 104
20 964
10 704
4 885
11 038
19 204
13 102
57 422
80 469
49 363
35 108
50 401
40 214
26 399
32 298
52 115
54 281
74 994
47 112
34 117
47 958
38 790
25 573
31 381
52
42
43
41
41
41
42
72
46
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.6 0.4 1.7 2.3
2.7 0.8 0.1 1.7 2.1
2.6 0.7 0.1 1.7 2.2
2.6 0.7 0.1 1.7 2.0
2.7 0.8 0.1 1.7 1.8
2.8 0.9 0.1 1.8 2.5
2.9 0.9 0.1 1.8 2.2
1.7 0.1 1.1 0.2 1.6
2.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 1.6
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Male ..................................................................................... Female .................................................................................
51 49
63 37
55 45
54 46
43 57
45 55
89 11
71 29
46 54
32 68
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..................................................
66
79
64
73
60
49
67
59
81
56
With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
41 26
46 33
48 16
59 14
45 15
33 16
49 18
38 21
18 63
31 25
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
40 677
46 880
45 296
57 200
42 069
34 515
40 711
34 601
27 535
31 099
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
5 906 3 063 433 766 322 535 1 007 2 842
5 835 3 244 467 839 340 568 1 030 2 591
6 797 3 526 516 851 377 648 1 134 3 271
5 497 3 035 438 798 318 510 971 2 462
5 114 3 127 453 847 315 542 971 1 986
5 480 3 261 450 937 335 535 1 003 2 219
4 939 3 038 418 834 316 521 949 1 902
3 798 2 519 384 616 277 501 740 1 279
4 810 3 122 458 843 338 539 945 1 689
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
Total wage Managers and salary and earners professionals
Operators Construction fabricators workers and and mechanics laborers
All other, including not reporting
Technical sales and clerical workers
Item
Retired
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
376
500
436
554
374
323
428
369
208
224
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
15 193 8 999 6 597 1 485 917 3 059 938 539 1 658
14 621 8 783 5 830 2 427 526 2 784 758 578 1 718
18 644 11 418 8 268 2 321 829 3 166 1 127 644 2 290
13 717 8 296 5 303 2 553 440 2 658 700 511 1 551
11 053 6 531 3 364 2 814 353 2 442 406 452 1 222
12 640 7 524 5 198 2 050 276 2 694 531 452 1 439
10 782 5 978 3 515 2 239 224 2 461 403 716 1 224
9 307 4 871 3 217 1 219 435 2 382 616 477 962
10 731 6 274 3 672 2 280 323 2 410 449 459 1 138
Apparel And Services ........................................................
1 749
1 788
2 004
2 532
1 906
1 618
1 447
1 507
899
1 515
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
7 102 2 576 1 334 2 693 498
8 959 4 332 1 387 2 822 418
10 494 4 854 1 519 3 460 661
8 491 4 183 1 320 2 625 362
7 507 3 905 1 180 2 207 215
9 025 4 458 1 539 2 779 247
7 458 3 691 1 322 2 245 200
4 468 1 793 779 1 553 343
5 997 3 029 1 000 1 722 246
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
3 628 1 760 1 033 669 166
2 058 1 012 584 369 93
2 538 1 251 738 420 130
1 955 998 505 369 83
1 559 728 488 285 58
1 786 810 583 319 73
1 679 815 451 347 66
3 482 1 815 594 925 148
1 859 878 443 451 87
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 079
2 441
2 366
3 178
2 200
1 659
2 001
1 532
1 254
1 499
Personal Care Products And Services ............................
526
561
563
713
545
442
435
398
435
434
Reading ...............................................................................
139
177
142
211
127
83
90
82
146
92
Education ............................................................................
752
855
914
1 319
861
634
501
472
177
632
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .....................
320
315
354
251
354
377
582
482
163
363
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
792
1 144
843
1 106
730
654
895
570
657
565
Cash Contributions ............................................................
1 277
1 750
1 278
1 792
1 069
742
1 298
928
1 546
692
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
3 899 406 3 493
5 518 544 4 974
4 923 429 4 494
7 071 602 6 470
4 244 370 3 873
2 751 278 2 473
4 103 366 3 737
3 404 290 3 114
995 383 612
1 686 256 1 430
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
389
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-12. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Under Age 25
Complete reporting of income Item
Complete reporting of income, total
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 and over
7 153
1 573
1 271
974
679
938
684
1 033
20 771
2 511
7 271
12 074
17 326
23 897
33 850
64 142
.................................................
20 267
2 535
7 267
12 153
17 283
23 186
32 971
61 807
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
21
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
1.8 0.4
1.2 0.1
1.4 0.3
1.7 0.4
2.1 0.5
2.1 0.4
2.3 0.5
2.7 0.5
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.3 1.2
0.9 0.6
1.0 0.8
1.1 1.0
1.3 1.3
1.4 1.4
1.6 1.6
2.0 2.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Male ............................................................................................ Female .......................................................................................
47 53
49 51
43 57
41 59
45 55
49 51
48 52
50 50
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
13
6
6
8
11
13
19
34
With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
7 6
1 5
2 5
3 6
4 7
6 6
10 8
27 7
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
24 699
13 397
16 542
21 070
23 604
26 937
32 472
46 419
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
3 828 1 910 286 451 202 319 653 1 917
2 319 826 124 143 88 130 340 1 493
2 899 1 447 216 303 171 221 537 1 452
3 071 1 513 237 360 149 228 540 1 557
3 460 2 083 336 457 218 356 716 1 377
3 951 2 218 325 559 214 362 758 1 733
4 511 2 270 327 553 241 402 747 2 241
6 273 2 949 426 754 326 522 921 3 324
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes 1 .............................................. Average Income After
Taxes 1
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
415
276
280
444
344
411
552
605
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
7 606 4 868 778 3 742 348 1 351 227 244 916
4 167 2 782 165 2 038 579 621 78 123 563
4 842 3 247 177 2 650 420 880 108 141 467
6 619 4 083 519 3 241 322 1 249 172 157 958
7 558 4 888 279 4 327 282 1 426 165 337 742
8 608 5 339 558 4 597 185 1 667 371 280 949
10 095 6 554 1 088 5 335 131 1 982 239 271 1 048
14 335 9 218 3 019 5 934 265 2 387 553 393 1 784
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
1 373
799
805
1 573
1 321
1 267
1 847
2 182
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
5 084 2 594 907 1 358 225
1 810 4720 493 448 149
2 959 1 482 613 647 217
4 579 2 656 846 906 172
5 278 2 978 918 1 224 159
6 482 3 329 1 162 1 822 169
7 256 3 693 1 160 2 123 281
10 297 5 109 1 551 3 187 451
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
608 266 177 127 38
179 51 58 56 14
221 61 49 71 41
446 196 89 139 421
495 182 110 170 432
843 383 246 169 45
868 459 219 143 47
1 526 736 552 172 66
Entertainment ...........................................................................
1 250
727
1 038
1 019
1 150
1 123
1 587
2 407
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
336
217
219
292
249
418
442
545
Reading .....................................................................................
61
42
56
68
51
62
71
91
Education ..................................................................................
1 586
2 271
2 182
1 482
1 746
847
876
944
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
287
169
194
281
392
341
405
389
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
395
146
275
250
304
473
871
688
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
262
114
149
172
154
273
369
703
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
1 607 51 1 556
161 47 154
424 429 394
774 429 745
1 101 430 1 071
1 839 67 1 772
2 722 80 2 642
5 433 146 5 287
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3No data reported. 4Data are likely to have large sampling errors
from "complete income reporters" only.
390
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-13. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 25–34 (Number, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
15 569
467
635
904
1 082
2 321
2 141
1 880
2 772
3 367
$70,000 and over
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
49 275
2 184
7 627
12 404
17 196
24 691
34 336
44 236
58 711
105 369
Average Income After Taxes1 ..................................................
46 686
2 300
7 918
12 747
17 231
24 259
33 097
42 357
55 880
97 688
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
30
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
30
2.8 1.1
3.0 1.0
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.3 1.0
2.6 1.2
2.9 1.4
2.8 1.3
2.7 1.1
2.7 1.1
2.8 1.0
3.0 1.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.5 1.8
1.0 0.9
0.9 0.9
1.1 1.0
1.3 1.3
1.3 1.4
1.5 1.8
1.6 1.9
1.8 2.1
1.9 2.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Male ............................................................................................ Female .......................................................................................
54 46
32 68
31 69
37 63
44 56
52 48
53 47
58 42
63 37
61 39
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
48
21
20
22
21
30
44
46
62
75
With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
40 8
11 10
15 6
8 13
13 8
19 11
36 8
39 7
56 7
70 5
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
41 766
20 855
20 398
21 842
24 179
28 437
35 467
40 712
47 953
68 208
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 659 3 155 450 836 342 521 1 006 2 504
3 624 2 478 370 722 263 389 734 1 146
3 749 2 430 325 717 248 392 748 1 319
3 952 2 713 416 737 272 483 805 1 239
3 913 2 430 320 682 284 407 737 1 483
4 677 2 784 399 806 292 489 797 1 893
5 026 2 995 443 805 309 472 966 2 031
5 646 3 309 460 805 404 525 1 114 2 337
6 129 3 262 463 802 345 518 1 133 2 867
7 928 3 884 552 1 032 420 662 1 219 4 044
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
439
168
311
236
254
299
379
447
512
671
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
13 895 8 460 4 552 3 638 270 2 542 856 452 1 586
7 738 4 737 1 142 3 506 389 1 876 242 335 549
7 476 4 265 1 054 3 110 3100 1 819 448 270 674
7 767 4 724 1 198 3 457 368 1 914 277 187 666
8 371 5 089 869 4 111 109 1 936 317 376 653
9 879 5 921 1 521 4 324 76 2 167 629 330 832
11 235 6 860 3 008 3 709 143 2 369 469 390 1 146
12 809 7 779 3 613 3 974 192 2 564 687 413 1 366
15 508 9 509 5 854 3 408 246 2 761 1 058 527 1 652
23 092 14 137 10 292 3 136 709 3 308 1 676 669 3 302
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
2 087
1 518
804
1 494
1 523
1 433
1 960
1 903
2 013
3 423
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
8 617 4 333 1 308 2 597 378
4 037 31 945 717 1 131 244
4 238 2 384 763 936 154
4 429 2 420 758 1 106 145
4 825 2 335 887 1 382 221
5 693 2 845 1 028 1 610 210
7 790 3 978 1 268 2 213 331
9 148 4 649 1 384 2 768 347
10 502 5 497 1 472 3 159 374
13 116 6 305 1 818 4 274 719
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
1 392 742 385 206 58
591 265 139 155 333
646 259 186 158 345
526 232 145 126 324
823 362 284 145 31
957 472 293 150 43
1 379 783 330 213 53
1 622 923 411 225 63
1 762 936 524 235 67
1 931 1 058 525 263 85
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 068
975
771
852
1 081
1 174
1 784
2 171
2 515
3 465
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
497
293
242
345
421
382
477
498
545
686
Reading .....................................................................................
113
57
46
41
68
72
96
100
122
205
Education ..................................................................................
525
901
675
289
506
369
374
430
525
770
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
333
260
329
385
326
317
378
410
326
276
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
669
273
392
342
300
528
650
600
839
987
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
807
210
310
341
354
540
714
801
846
1 467
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
4 666 244 4 422
211 356 155
409 61 348
840 68 772
1 414 131 1 283
2 117 112 2 005
3 225 187 3 038
4 128 232 3 896
5 811 286 5 525
10 190 488 9 702
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
from "complete income reporters" only.
391
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-14. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 35–44 (Number, percent.) Complete reporting of income Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
19 847
526
729
938
1 033
2 222
2 320
2 231
3 641
6 208
Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
60 233
-1 154
7 857
12 572
17 182
24 698
34 414
44 680
59 019
114 611
Average Income After Taxes1 ..................................................
56 911
-1 046
8 108
12 781
17 491
24 381
33 280
42 605
56 103
106 861
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
40
40
40
40
40
40
39
39
40
40
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
$70,000 and over
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
4 2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2 2
1 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Males .......................................................................................... Females ......................................................................................
52 48
41 59
38 62
33 67
36 64
45 55
50 50
55 45
56 44
60 40
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
68
42
29
33
36
47
60
69
79
88
With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
57 11
28 14
14 15
15 18
25 12
33 14
47 13
59 10
69 10
80 7
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
50 477
28 545
18 958
22 955
26 494
28 558
34 448
43 446
53 201
79 369
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
6 728 3 827 578 988 423 622 1 215 2 902
4 867 2 912 459 810 319 474 850 1 955
3 675 2 294 342 645 250 366 690 1 382
4 831 3 393 487 1 112 306 521 966 1 438
4 715 3 221 487 956 338 585 855 1 494
4 650 2 996 449 828 333 481 904 1 654
4 910 3 068 441 861 340 502 924 1 842
6 145 3 655 531 911 398 622 1 192 2 490
7 440 4 048 610 1 064 438 627 1 309 3 392
9 271 4 842 754 1 127 556 793 1 612 4 429
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
445
456
140
189
258
294
279
474
401
696
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
16 452 9 801 6 967 2 348 486 3 063 1 004 660 1 924
10 271 6 777 3 998 2 446 332 1 998 145 406 946
7 423 4 072 1 400 2 563 108 2 101 441 304 504
7 993 4 753 1 269 3 425 359 2 018 253 423 547
9 384 5 699 2 155 3 400 144 2 205 369 374 737
9 959 6 000 2 562 3 252 185 2 416 330 386 826
11 396 6 742 3 728 2 853 161 2 701 621 424 908
13 848 8 302 5 432 2 624 246 2 890 561 600 1 495
16 610 9 790 7 369 2 036 385 3 302 791 837 1 891
25 617 15 224 12 636 1 549 1 039 3 857 2 030 942 3 565
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
2 284
1 545
1 083
1 431
1 701
1 093
1 658
2 001
2 190
3 608
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
9 711 4 761 1 532 2 988 430
6 106 3 781 766 1 413 146
3 227 1 529 653 928 117
3 718 1 733 787 1 042 156
5 079 2 525 955 1 378 222
5 417 2 401 1 144 1 638 234
6 745 3 097 1 293 2 119 236
9 152 4 380 1 463 3 054 255
10 872 5 406 1 703 3 376 387
14 643 7 278 2 061 4 506 799
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
1 994 984 588 326 96
1 043 565 281 162 334
794 349 235 178 332
1 088 487 250 255 396
1 029 435 250 307 37
1 327 632 392 261 42
1 718 878 477 276 88
1 820 983 461 295 82
2 357 1 181 728 342 106
2 708 1 312 838 416 142
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 724
1 259
793
1 021
979
1 204
1 631
2 070
2 792
4 789
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
613
439
286
422
390
391
461
538
615
904
Reading .....................................................................................
142
46
31
51
46
64
89
113
160
240
Education ..................................................................................
722
454
194
279
286
311
333
541
878
1 216
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
398
442
375
435
477
489
425
439
434
301
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
863
507
322
358
492
591
686
812
845
1 292
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 324
543
206
238
314
610
785
1 084
1 394
2 356
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
6 077 426 5 651
568 189 378
408 141 267
901 87 814
1 344 136 1 208
2 158 226 1 932
3 333 267 3 066
4 407 316 4 092
6 212 433 5 780
11 727 744 10 983
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
from "complete income reporters" only.
392
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-15. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 45–54 (Number, percent.) Complete reporting of income Complete reporting of income, total
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
17 889
Less than $5,000
470
$5,000 to $9,999
820
$10,000 to $14,999
835
$15,000 to $19,999
886
$20,000 to $29,999
1 881
$30,000 to $39,999
2 024
$40,000 to $49,999
1 881
$50,000 to $69,999
3 109
$70,000 and over
5 984
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes 1 ..............................................
63 063
329
7 670
12 506
17 317
24 579
34 512
44 070
59 219
119 121
Average Income After Taxes 1 .................................................
58 745
-293
7 669
12 247
17 102
23 935
33 136
41 899
55 922
109 392
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
49
50
50
50
49
49
49
49
49
49
2.7 0.6
3.1 0.7
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.1 0.4
1.8 0.4
2.2 0.6
2.2 0.5
2.4 0.6
2.4 0.4
2.4 0.5
2.8 0.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.8 2.4
1.0 1.3
0.6 1.0
1.0 1.3
1.2 1.7
1.4 1.7
1.6 2.1
1.7 2.3
1.9 2.6
2.3 3.2
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Males .......................................................................................... Females ......................................................................................
54 46
43 57
40 60
36 64
43 57
48 52
52 48
51 49
58 42
62 38
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
75
50
46
48
52
62
66
75
82
93
With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
56 20
34 16
20 26
21 27
27 25
38 24
44 22
54 21
65 18
77 16
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
50 936
26 495
16 080
22 791
26 794
28 296
36 817
40 679
50 117
80 663
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
6 637 3 752 539 999 399 628 1 186 2 886
4 586 2 946 363 961 289 490 845 1 639
2 859 2 124 294 626 253 315 636 735
3 378 2 268 308 623 243 382 711 1 110
3 815 2 758 391 844 302 420 801 1 057
4 372 2 852 409 827 299 498 820 1 520
5 586 3 622 509 1 027 350 614 1 121 1 964
5 788 3 456 487 931 365 547 1 126 2 332
6 881 3 854 571 1 025 416 635 1 208 3 027
9 390 4 763 692 1 185 515 817 1 555 4 627
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
462
376
221
185
150
210
293
323
450
769
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
15 475 9 103 6 694 1 735 674 3 151 613 679 1 929
10 447 6 376 3 895 2 161 320 2 410 222 605 3834
6 136 3 562 1 598 1 895 369 1 718 140 250 466
8 044 4 642 1 725 2 743 3174 2 183 211 389 620
9 057 5 364 2 561 2 656 147 2 250 230 331 881
9 559 5 558 3 062 2 328 167 2 505 266 410 820
11 395 6 591 3 978 2 430 184 2 647 347 566 1 243
12 058 7 082 4 696 2 082 304 2 874 410 518 1 174
14 548 8 326 6 119 1 656 550 3 235 485 761 1 742
23 938 14 255 11 904 912 1 439 4 092 1 151 962 3 479
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
2 274
2 015
686
875
1 640
1 165
1 397
1 970
2 380
3 485
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
9 614 4 453 1 560 3 149 452
3 056 3796 832 1 242 186
2 723 31 115 614 891 103
5 361 3 260 726 1 177 197
5 730 2 938 942 1 587 263
5 425 2 412 1 073 1 757 183
8 083 4 194 1 369 2 328 191
8 339 3 975 1 454 2 647 262
9 597 4 070 1 711 3 364 451
14 488 6 666 2 127 4 878 817
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
2 473 1 125 744 478 126
1 691 939 325 357 69
995 453 236 263 43
1 332 539 324 403 65
1 361 627 412 263 59
1 766 750 413 529 74
2 130 930 581 497 122
2 384 1 167 655 441 121
2 571 1 193 775 492 111
3 374 1 521 1 126 539 188
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 499
1 150
622
857
1 099
1 159
1 391
1 782
2 407
4 371
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
625
472
273
332
344
350
463
538
650
921
Reading .....................................................................................
179
78
50
77
82
88
114
143
183
294
Education ..................................................................................
1 145
386
218
352
622
257
323
514
849
2 431
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
418
393
421
371
411
478
488
452
486
338
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
1 040
682
206
443
492
641
801
809
1 122
1 581
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 686
664
253
294
526
647
950
1 170
1 734
3 040
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
6 407 571 5 836
499 312 187
416 98 318
890 253 637
1 462 223 1 239
2 179 235 1 944
3 405 303 3 102
4 410 390 4 020
6 259 537 5 721
12 243 1 023 11 220
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
from "complete income reporters" only.
393
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-16. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 55–64
Complete reporting of income Complete reporting of income, total
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
$70,000 and over
12 087
370
904
932
754
1 452
1 526
1 295
1 950
2 904
Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
52 569
1 791
7 664
12 477
17 231
24 699
34 833
44 447
58 918
117 653
Average Income After Taxes1 ..................................................
49 391
1 621
7 434
12 374
16 705
23 956
33 459
42 178
56 075
108 702
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
59
60
60
60
60
60
59
59
59
58
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.1 0.2 0.1 1.3 2.3
1.7
1.5 0.2
1.8 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.8
2.0 0.2 0.1 1.1 1.9
2.0 0.2 0.1 1.3 2.2
2.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 2.3
2.3 0.2 0.1 1.6 2.6
2.5 0.2 0.1 2.0 3.0
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Male ............................................................................................ Female .......................................................................................
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
0.7 1.6
0.4 1.1
1.8 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.5
54 46
33 67
34 66
45 55
44 56
44 56
53 47
55 45
60 40
70 30
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
80
65
55
64
72
75
80
83
88
93
With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
42 38
25 39
21 34
23 41
27 45
33 42
41 39
47 36
50 39
60 33
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
45 107
26 777
17 878
22 267
29 323
30 319
38 619
41 368
51 160
75 718
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 715 3 258 456 850 343 589 1 019 2 457
3 882 2 697 404 718 259 576 741 1 184
2 945 2 036 285 589 205 346 611 909
3 460 2 293 322 638 216 399 718 1 167
3 753 2 497 362 663 276 459 738 1 255
4 007 2 762 400 710 312 478 863 1 246
5 111 3 248 434 898 345 590 981 1 863
5 367 3 155 414 881 332 569 959 2 211
6 316 3 489 480 881 381 615 1 132 2 827
8 930 4 360 621 1 088 448 809 1 394 4 570
20.1 20.1
(3)
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
410
305
155
136
190
208
330
386
349
833
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
13 629 7 421 5 339 1 302 780 2 960 546 842 1 860
9 768 4 765 2 945 1 377 443 2 566 560 392 1 485
6 501 3 527 1 855 1 493 179 1 842 165 344 622
7 643 4 144 2 255 1 729 160 2 158 232 313 795
9 569 5 377 3 405 1 590 381 2 365 277 452 1 099
9 364 4 786 2 790 1 669 327 2 634 298 523 1 123
11 576 6 213 4 295 1 433 485 2 820 342 650 1 552
12 219 6 402 4 508 1 497 396 2 943 447 709 1 719
15 702 7 865 5 774 1 185 907 3 184 536 2 028 2 088
21 798 12 663 10 122 760 1 780 3 862 1 114 902 3 257
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
1 810
990
553
826
823
1 168
1 390
1 608
1 958
3 377
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
8 457 3 916 1 334 2 664 542
5 079 22 588 771 1 396 323
3 678 21 897 552 1 013 215
4 068 21 671 755 1 419 224
5 574 22 777 978 1 621 199
6 406 3 150 1 026 2 041 190
8 256 4 392 1 329 2 211 324
8 556 4 136 1 378 2 631 411
10 134 4 880 1 583 3 066 605
12 481 5 119 1 899 4 293 1 171
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
2 893 1 281 828 635 149
2 908 750 1 587 369 2201
1 438 806 218 336 76
2 246 978 516 676 76
2 504 1 150 663 593 98
2 564 1 251 576 661 76
2 846 1 373 658 635 180
2 865 1 154 794 773 144
3 044 1 363 854 610 217
3 760 1 595 1 277 708 180
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 508
974
714
831
2 832
1 465
1 895
1 850
3 186
4 379
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
598
349
241
285
384
440
727
568
680
884
Reading .....................................................................................
190
123
85
103
88
109
145
186
226
329
Education ..................................................................................
493
230
230
277
127
95
210
381
399
1 382
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
362
234
302
365
333
365
350
459
441
312
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
937
562
248
461
818
611
952
1 049
888
1 542
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 575
909
442
408
708
908
1 414
1 068
1 925
3 022
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
5 529 658 4 871
663 537 126
547 361 186
1 357 572 785
1 619 281 1 338
2 610 365 2 245
3 417 573 2 845
4 807 552 4 255
5 910 668 5 241
12 688 1 125 11 564
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 3Value less than 0.05.
from "complete income reporters" only.
394
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-17. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002: Reference Person Age 65 and Over
Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
18 013
586
2 588
3 469
2 601
3 381
1 924
1 130
1 127
$70,000 and over
1 208
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes 1 ..............................................
28 638
2 335
7 908
12 405
17 410
24 259
34 404
44 719
58 683
116 596
Average Income After Taxes 1 .................................................
27 563
2 215
7 847
12 340
17 183
23 756
33 835
43 254
55 779
107 824
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
75
76
76
77
76
75
73
73
72
72
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
1.7 0.1 1.3 0.5 1.5
1.3
1.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.8
1.4
1.6
1.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.2 0.3 1.0
1.2 0.2 1.1
1.4 0.2 1.4
1.5 0.4 1.7
2.0 0.1 1.5 0.6 1.9
2.0 0.1 1.5 0.8 2.1
2.2 0.1 1.6 1.0 2.4
2.4 0.1 1.5 1.4 2.6
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Male ............................................................................................ Female .......................................................................................
46 54
34 66
24 76
32 68
44 56
53 47
61 39
58 42
64 36
74 26
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
79
65
59
73
81
86
86
92
92
92
With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
18 61
10 55
10 49
10 62
14 67
21 66
21 65
27 65
29 63
40 52
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
28 648
17 650
14 654
18 941
23 402
29 121
32 807
40 246
47 626
67 821
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
4 037 2 626 406 670 281 516 753 1 411
2 558 2 139 347 620 191 409 572 420
2 644 1 935 309 519 201 364 542 709
2 772 2 039 330 518 211 415 565 733
3 407 2 316 374 587 256 429 669 1 092
4 451 2 980 457 784 321 585 833 1 471
4 437 2 815 417 703 321 558 816 1 622
5 209 3 166 477 775 340 624 951 2 043
6 113 3 447 464 770 383 755 1 075 2 666
8 434 4 383 679 1 139 445 847 1 273 4 051
(2)
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
243
77
109
122
184
175
313
357
556
859
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
9 222 4 753 3 132 1 231 390 2 401 633 501 933
6 435 3 345 1 720 1 361 264 1 896 430 383 382
5 704 3 003 1 394 1 564 45 1 651 268 352 431
6 871 3 580 2 001 1 428 152 2 016 460 310 504
7 751 4 079 2 573 1 305 200 2 228 382 414 647
9 439 4 752 3 358 1 059 335 2 544 607 525 1 011
10 531 5 069 3 343 1 166 560 2 691 1 002 641 1 127
11 891 5 879 4 326 898 655 2 838 1 120 669 1 385
13 266 6 718 5 123 803 792 3 192 767 886 1 704
19 262 10 618 8 050 1 031 1 537 3 727 1 452 892 2 572
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
990
843
677
518
832
838
1 129
1 253
1 705
2 962
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
4 590 1 923 765 1 574 329
2 575 3995 529 801 250
1 583 592 308 581 102
2 864 1 256 477 957 174
3 735 1 642 651 1 253 190
4 646 1 910 851 1 594 291
5 819 2 532 1 015 1 949 323
7 753 3 840 1 093 2 390 431
9 066 3 892 1 351 3 011 811
9 569 3 178 1 438 3 775 1 179
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
3 617 1 837 667 953 160
2 413 1 254 348 660 151
1 926 1 066 249 547 64
2 749 1 427 357 833 132
3 695 1 938 555 1 060 142
4 058 2 087 635 1 145 191
4 263 2 108 977 1 002 176
4 735 2 427 1 033 1 027 248
5 156 2 406 1 373 1 172 205
5 423 2 511 1 435 1 217 261
Entertainment ...........................................................................
1 099
616
444
692
778
1 100
1 308
1 727
2 092
2 761
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
442
283
272
296
369
480
504
657
758
780
Reading .....................................................................................
152
104
57
105
125
172
161
210
276
334
Education ..................................................................................
201
3150
325
64
61
172
242
422
210
1 118
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
161
101
123
113
158
190
184
203
154
268
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
713
591
301
407
482
819
599
824
1 335
2 267
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 773
608
624
894
1 212
1 800
1 929
2 400
3 414
6 089
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
1 408 421 987
296 218 79
165 142 23
474 258 216
612 429 183
780 388 392
1 389 455 934
2 605 595 2 010
3 525 764 2 761
7 694 1 124 6 570
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
395
Table 8-18. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Men by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002 (Number, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
All single men
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .......................
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 and over
14 603
12 267
1 172
1 664
1 467
1 113
1 845
1 643
3 363
31 688
31 688
1 702
7 579
12 221
17 097
24 356
34 229
70 176
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 .................................................... Average Income After
Taxes1
.......................................................
29 180
29 180
1 686
7 455
11 991
16 548
23 317
32 355
62 862
Age Of Reference Person .............................................................
45
45
32
48
52
49
45
44
44
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ........................................................................................... Children under 18 ............................................................................ Persons 65 and over ....................................................................... Earners ............................................................................................ Vehicles ...........................................................................................
1.0 ... 0.2 0.7 1.3
1.0 ... 0.2 0.8 1.3
1.0 ... 0.1 0.8 0.7
1.0 ... 0.3 0.5 0.8
1.0 ... 0.4 0.5 1.1
1.0 ... 0.3 0.7 1.3
1.0 ... 0.2 0.8 1.3
1.0 ... 0.1 0.9 1.6
1.0 ... 0.1 1.0 1.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Male ................................................................................................. Female .............................................................................................
100 0
100 0
100 0
100 0
100 0
100 0
100 0
100 0
100 0
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..............................................................
45
44
19
29
43
44
41
50
61
With mortgage ................................................................................. Without mortgage ............................................................................
22 23
22 22
5 14
5 24
7 35
15 28
18 23
30 21
44 16
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..........................................
25 904
27 252
14 765
14 014
17 893
20 307
22 898
29 655
45 694
Food ................................................................................................ Food at home .................................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ....................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ...................................................... Dairy products ............................................................................. Fruits and vegetables .................................................................. Other food at home ...................................................................... Food away from home .....................................................................
3 230 1 482 213 368 159 251 490 1 749
3 459 1 538 222 379 165 258 515 1 921
2 540 977 156 229 110 179 303 1 562
2 333 1 164 183 295 131 175 380 1 169
2 753 1 509 224 385 163 252 485 1 244
2 855 1 420 220 345 159 226 470 1 435
3 050 1 508 225 347 160 264 513 1 542
3 580 1 671 226 457 173 271 543 1 909
4 951 1 856 251 443 197 317 649 3 095
Alcoholic Beverages .....................................................................
454
500
348
349
359
418
426
610
699
Housing .......................................................................................... Shelter ............................................................................................. Owned dwellings ......................................................................... Rented dwellings ......................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................... Household operations ...................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ............................................
8 576 5 671 2 539 2 816 317 1 645 218 194 737
8 689 5 682 2 497 2 860 325 1 651 215 215 796
4 698 2 911 693 1 862 356 798 85 159 697
4 577 2 970 684 2 102 184 1 094 130 137 280
6 044 3 600 1 155 2 259 186 1 428 156 138 604
7 140 4 876 1 715 3 038 123 1 502 183 200 397
7 629 4 822 1 679 2 994 149 1 707 214 196 555
10 039 6 216 2 797 3 183 236 1 880 282 280 898
13 703 9 376 5 169 3 554 653 2 229 308 292 1 384
Apparel And Services ...................................................................
725
798
752
361
479
514
589
752
1 425
Transportation ............................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ........................................................ Gasoline and motor oil ..................................................................... Other vehicle expenses ................................................................... Public transportation ........................................................................
4 863 2 287 810 1 507 260
5 075 2 408 821 1 582 264
2 470 21 120 510 718 122
2 574 1 292 462 668 153
3 580 1 894 637 897 152
3 645 1 607 712 1 172 153
4 456 2 021 883 1 379 174
6 053 2 849 1 026 1 979 199
8 202 3 896 1 089 2 682 535
Health Care ..................................................................................... Health insurance .............................................................................. Medical services .............................................................................. Drugs ............................................................................................... Medical supplies ..............................................................................
1 118 563 302 209 45
1 132 559 318 206 48
421 172 103 124 21
631 364 95 137 35
1 228 580 286 333 29
1 144 638 194 272 40
1 134 586 252 252 45
1 251 678 318 181 73
1 522 684 595 178 65
Entertainment ................................................................................
1 345
1 413
765
716
783
916
1 112
1 356
2 610
Personal Care Products And Services ........................................
200
213
174
118
143
165
156
396
266
Reading ..........................................................................................
102
108
50
49
76
74
87
119
189
Education .......................................................................................
647
629
1 622
1 041
516
481
310
372
480
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .................................
279
293
241
270
270
346
330
291
296
Miscellaneous ................................................................................
662
704
228
332
385
456
680
819
1 220
Cash Contributions .......................................................................
1 175
1 268
285
347
579
981
1 058
959
2 727
Personal Insurance And Pensions .............................................. Life and other personal insurance ................................................... Pensions and Social Security ..........................................................
2 528 181 2 347
2 971 196 2 775
172 234 138
314 70 244
698 123 575
1 174 226 948
1 881 162 1 719
3 056 166 2 891
7 403 369 7 034
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
. . . = Not available.
from "complete income reporters" only.
396
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-19. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Women by Income Before Taxes, 2001–2002
Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .......................
All single women
Complete reporting of income, total
18 316
15 196
Less than $5,000
1 406
$5,000 to $9,999
3 093
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 and over
2 894
1 669
2 243
1 450
2 441
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes 1 ...................................................
22 936
22 936
2 529
7 688
12 259
17 215
24 246
34 007
62 802
Average Income After Taxes 1 ......................................................
21 668
21 668
2 465
7 629
12 136
16 763
23 156
32 109
57 600
Age Of Reference Person .............................................................
56
56
41
61
66
61
55
51
49
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ........................................................................................... Children under 18 ............................................................................ Persons 65 and over ....................................................................... Earners ............................................................................................ Vehicles ...........................................................................................
1.0 ... 0.4 0.5 0.9
1.0 ... 0.4 0.6 0.9
1.0 ... 0.2 0.7 0.6
1.0 ... 0.6 0.3 0.6
1.0 ... 0.7 0.3 0.7
1.0 ... 0.5 0.5 1.0
1.0 ... 0.4 0.7 1.1
1.0 ... 0.2 0.9 1.1
1.0 ... 0.1 0.9 1.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Male ................................................................................................. Female .............................................................................................
0 100
0 100
0 100
0 100
0 100
0 100
0 100
0 100
0 100
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..............................................................
56
55
25
44
59
61
59
61
69
With mortgage ................................................................................. Without mortgage ............................................................................
21 35
21 34
7 19
10 34
10 49
12 50
24 35
36 25
49 20
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..........................................
22 209
23 368
14 212
13 444
17 613
21 475
25 536
29 493
43 103
Food ................................................................................................ Food at home .................................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ....................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ...................................................... Dairy products ............................................................................. Fruits and vegetables .................................................................. Other food at home ...................................................................... Food away from home .....................................................................
2 583 1 598 234 360 175 319 509 985
2 761 1 711 250 388 182 340 550 1 050
2 195 1 385 193 390 138 267 398 810
2 109 1 536 242 380 170 287 457 573
2 248 1 602 253 356 171 330 492 645
2 477 1 650 257 379 195 313 506 827
2 813 1 691 256 359 175 347 554 1 122
3 208 1 874 242 430 201 361 641 1 334
4 130 2 109 271 435 214 438 751 2 021
Alcoholic Beverages .....................................................................
173
189
108
103
113
163
133
311
395
Housing .......................................................................................... Shelter ............................................................................................. Owned dwellings ......................................................................... Rented dwellings ......................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................... Household operations ...................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ............................................
8 434 5 111 2 556 2 287 267 1 844 417 310 751
8 568 5 091 2 516 2 309 267 1 852 430 366 829
5 294 3 193 840 1 907 446 1 138 170 272 521
5 434 3 070 1 090 1 854 126 1 423 238 260 442
6 657 3 685 1 605 1 923 156 1 753 426 296 497
7 995 4 588 2 078 2 240 270 1 951 364 349 744
9 276 5 593 2 704 2 687 202 2 039 534 301 808
10 434 6 403 3 368 2 819 216 2 222 359 376 1 074
15 203 9 516 5 985 2 972 559 2 466 820 649 1 753
Apparel And Services ...................................................................
1 030
1 120
1 160
599
674
993
1 083
1 584
2 060
Transportation ............................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ........................................................ Gasoline and motor oil ..................................................................... Other vehicle expenses ................................................................... Public transportation ........................................................................
3 223 1 292 528 1 117 286
3 396 1 380 534 1 178 305
1 580 2530 395 459 195
1 536 596 312 496 132
2 561 1 194 377 797 193
3 198 21 213 545 1 203 237
4 255 1 789 677 1 505 285
4 120 21 319 728 1 655 419
6 690 2 856 830 2 298 707
Health Care ..................................................................................... Health insurance .............................................................................. Medical services .............................................................................. Drugs ............................................................................................... Medical supplies ..............................................................................
1 772 852 353 480 87
1 818 865 359 497 98
920 426 219 234 40
1 386 744 147 442 52
2 247 1 103 281 717 145
2 229 1 086 439 621 82
1 933 956 396 489 93
1 766 748 491 392 135
2 008 822 630 436 121
Entertainment ................................................................................
986
1 055
587
517
641
974
1 140
1 336
2 265
Personal Care Products And Services ........................................
388
424
279
246
355
396
451
520
725
Reading ..........................................................................................
115
121
68
57
102
107
142
150
230
Education .......................................................................................
370
399
1 130
371
224
352
230
299
466
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .................................
150
156
121
151
122
153
223
187
144
Miscellaneous ................................................................................
478
511
324
239
350
462
515
854
976
Cash Contributions .......................................................................
915
973
249
432
720
1 041
1 410
1 341
1 706
Personal Insurance And Pensions .............................................. Life and other personal insurance ................................................... Pensions and Social Security ..........................................................
1 592 182 1 410
1 877 198 1 679
197 65 131
265 146 118
599 156 443
933 342 591
1 933 195 1 737
3 382 237 3 145
6 104 270 5 834
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. 2Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
397
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-20. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: Northeast Region
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
All consumer units in the Northeast
New York
Philadelphia
Boston
Pittsburgh
21 127
7 434
2 200
2 552
938
Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
52 296
62 998
56 687
56 680
48 097
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
49.3
48.8
50.1
47.1
52.2
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.7 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.4
2.7 0.8 0.3 1.4 1.7
2.4 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.7
2.3 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.9
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
64
56
77
61
73
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
41 785
49 931
40 346
40 245
41 626
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 756 3 347 504 908 362 606 966 2 409
6 859 3 855 588 1 122 398 737 1 011 3 004
5 168 2 831 450 747 317 525 791 2 338
5 659 3 378 484 943 366 598 986 2 281
5 575 3 224 499 832 344 519 1 030 2 351
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
423
454
424
477
454
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
14 499 8 952 5 791 2 551 610 2 793 791 508 1 455
18 668 12 203 7 627 3 864 712 3 004 1 168 548 1 745
14 583 8 713 6 587 1 610 516 3 114 766 493 1 497
14 693 9 685 5 924 3 082 679 2 668 675 416 1 249
12 018 6 363 4 237 1 514 612 2 844 681 607 1 523
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
2 017
2 840
2 175
1 480
1 700
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
7 190 3 083 1 084 2 429 593
7 658 2 917 1 051 2 618 1 071
6 466 2 341 1 146 2 672 308
6 953 3 021 1 134 2 363 435
8 086 3 857 1 117 2 721 392
Health Care ...............................................................................
2 146
2 277
2 068
2 056
2 339
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 072
2 232
2 054
2 043
2 407
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
499
629
486
444
540
Reading .....................................................................................
167
177
140
187
168
Education ..................................................................................
897
1 063
801
855
1 012
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
310
267
294
330
411
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
858
1 313
747
496
996
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 104
1 055
961
690
2 108
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
3 848 432 3 415
4 439 433 4 005
3 977 448 3 529
3 880 259 3 621
3 812 420 3 392
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
398
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-21. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: South Region
All consumer units in the South
Washington, D.C.
39 591
1 924
996
1 766
1 564
1 020
2 071
1 758
Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
44 943
68 352
56 830
60 998
46 846
53 091
62 185
54 804
Age Of Reference Person ........................................................
48.1
47.4
49.9
44.3
48.2
49.1
45.1
45.9
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.5 1.7
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.7 0.8 0.2 1.5 1.9
2.8 0.8 0.3 1.5 1.6
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.7 0.7 0.2 1.6 2.0
2.8 0.8 0.2 1.5 1.9
PERCENT HOMEOWNER .........................................................
68
71
68
70
63
70
64
59
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
36 788
47 755
38 628
40 492
41 850
38 167
50 281
47 523
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 127 2 972 426 828 300 497 921 2 155
5 867 3 114 469 748 339 609 949 2 753
5 737 3 322 478 1 016 299 559 970 2 415
4 986 2 658 349 801 253 514 742 2 328
5 885 3 394 475 996 375 663 885 2 490
3 888 2 298 313 657 247 429 652 1 589
7 374 4 077 580 1 152 411 672 1 262 3 298
6 373 3 164 448 848 338 535 994 3 210
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Baltimore
Atlanta
Miami
DallasFort Worth
Tampa
Houston
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
290
391
426
287
400
283
393
475
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
11 573 6 291 4 159 1 749 383 2 809 655 492 1 325
18 105 11 545 8 252 2 537 756 2 954 977 578 2 051
13 440 8 202 5 546 2 056 601 2 671 641 626 1 299
14 965 8 998 6 397 2 175 427 3 420 859 378 1 310
15 622 9 823 6 321 3 228 274 3 038 975 647 1 138
13 112 7 752 5 228 2 023 501 2 946 826 374 1 213
15 754 9 047 5 849 2 689 509 3 456 902 583 1 765
15 049 8 127 4 951 2 726 451 3 262 1 198 582 1 881
Apparel And Services ..............................................................
1 597
2 032
2 007
1 548
1 720
1 057
2 528
2 112
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
7 420 3 701 1 241 2 206 273
7 543 3 256 1 242 2 331 714
5 108 1 643 1 182 1 970 313
7 458 3 504 1 276 2 392 286
7 617 3 097 1 315 2 781 424
8 850 4 886 1 219 2 518 227
10 051 5 160 1 506 3 033 352
9 536 4 473 1 525 3 044 494
Health Care ...............................................................................
2 314
2 201
1 840
2 010
1 969
2 282
2 432
2 449
Entertainment ...........................................................................
1 678
2 711
1 760
1 401
1 579
1 591
2 201
2 516
Personal Care Products And Services ...................................
489
640
646
359
611
387
648
674
Reading .....................................................................................
102
171
111
76
73
82
133
128
Education ..................................................................................
485
690
714
412
982
469
385
528
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ............................
318
190
332
204
291
357
256
363
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
686
816
617
1 065
1 088
721
556
936
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 200
1 242
815
1 253
738
981
1 446
1 677
Personal Insurance And Pensions ......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
3 510 403 3 107
5 177 503 4 674
5 076 371 4 705
4 468 515 3 953
3 273 255 3 018
4 107 411 3 696
6 126 437 5 689
4 707 412 4 295
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
399
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-22. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: Midwest Region
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...................
All consumer units in the Midwest
Chicago
Detroit
Milwaukee
MinneapolisSt. Paul
Cleveland
Cincinnati
St. Louis
Kansas City
25 863
3 072
2 072
711
1 261
1 225
911
1 004
774
Average Income Before Taxes1 ................................................
48 439
61 853
54 200
47 715
64 159
49 660
51 278
52 977
59 689
Age Of Reference Person .........................................................
48.6
47.7
49.0
50.2
46.5
49.1
47.6
49.4
48.3
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ........................................................................................ Children under 18 ........................................................................ Persons 65 and over .................................................................... Earners ........................................................................................ Vehicles .......................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.4 2.2
2.8 0.8 0.3 1.5 1.7
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.1
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.3 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.6
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.4 1.8
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.8
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.5 2.1
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ..........................................................
70
69
74
59
68
74
59
69
71
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ......................................
40 074
47 861
44 491
40 341
52 581
38 125
40 421
43 034
43 201
Food ............................................................................................ Food at home ............................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .................................................. Dairy products .......................................................................... Fruits and vegetables .............................................................. Other food at home .................................................................. Food away from home .................................................................
5 116 2 912 435 713 324 474 966 2 204
5 934 3 358 508 819 341 617 1 072 2 576
5 422 2 989 461 779 310 528 911 2 434
5 280 2 898 421 716 288 488 985 2 382
6 270 3 470 493 740 446 582 1 209 2 799
4 700 2 783 407 802 294 461 819 1 917
5 547 3 047 471 794 332 452 998 2 500
5 951 3 626 565 938 388 597 1 139 2 325
5 736 3 497 525 906 368 573 1 125 2 239
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages .................................................................
378
510
421
565
575
279
410
391
322
Housing ...................................................................................... Shelter ......................................................................................... Owned dwellings ...................................................................... Rented dwellings ..................................................................... Other lodging ........................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................... Household operations .................................................................. Housekeeping supplies ................................................................ Household furnishings and equipment ........................................
12 549 7 077 4 958 1 603 515 2 752 592 600 1 528
17 239 10 668 7 676 2 152 840 3 206 820 622 1 922
14 663 8 748 6 520 1 574 654 2 904 726 506 1 779
13 968 8 530 5 160 2 896 474 2 462 660 545 1 772
16 668 10 141 7 070 2 372 700 2 648 827 675 2 377
12 698 7 421 5 453 1 488 480 3 024 595 439 1 219
12 912 7 665 4 768 2 595 302 2 609 641 528 1 469
13 220 7 479 4 917 1 957 604 2 948 914 462 1 417
13 962 7 801 5 506 1 868 427 3 406 645 557 1 553
Apparel And Services ................................................................
1 712
2 458
2 337
1 861
2 017
1 722
2 099
1 885
1 484
Transportation ........................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ............................................................... Public transportation ....................................................................
7 907 3 765 1 318 2 476 348
8 571 4 061 1 327 2 476 707
8 870 3 376 1 380 3 649 465
6 796 3 007 1 207 2 274 308
9 266 4 104 1 425 3 082 654
7 655 3 470 1 177 2 601 407
8 009 3 932 1 183 2 638 255
8 007 4 023 1 241 2 382 431
8 087 3 579 1 551 2 635 321
Health Care .................................................................................
2 338
2 255
2 155
2 175
2 297
1 929
2 034
2 184
2 528
Entertainment .............................................................................
2 182
2 463
2 356
2 084
3 457
1 950
2 050
2 078
2 239
Personal Care Products And Services ....................................
499
585
651
491
568
393
582
759
511
Reading .......................................................................................
156
151
170
176
233
152
175
130
156
Education ...................................................................................
703
948
694
643
793
809
725
646
541
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies .............................
385
313
394
385
303
367
389
303
287
Miscellaneous ............................................................................
739
1 218
850
627
1 230
701
676
702
773
Cash Contributions ...................................................................
1 452
1 116
1 613
1 499
2 533
863
1 187
1 598
1 598
Personal Insurance And Pensions ........................................... Life and other personal insurance ............................................... Pensions and Social Security ......................................................
3 959 461 3 498
4 102 392 3 710
3 896 383 3 513
3 790 364 3 426
6 371 699 5 672
3 907 508 3 398
3 626 382 3 244
5 110 884 4 226
4 978 417 4 561
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
400
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-23. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2001–2002: West Region
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
All consumer units in the West
Los Angeles
San Francisco
San Diego
Portland
Seattle
Honolulu
Anchorage
Phoenix
Denver
24 643
5 026
2 768
852
1 098
1 525
276
99
1 233
1 239
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
51 003
55 543
75 270
47 722
52 021
58 488
56 000
63 144
48 021
60 983
Age Of Reference Person ...............................................
46.7
47.4
48.0
49.3
45.8
45.8
53.9
43.3
46.5
43.9
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.8 0.8 0.3 1.5 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.8
2.5 0.7 0.2 1.4 2.4
2.4 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.3
2.8 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.6
2.7 0.8 0.1 1.6 2.7
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.8
2.5 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.2
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ................................................
61
55
61
55
63
64
53
61
61
64
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
44 002
47 459
55 346
42 588
43 358
48 348
43 458
56 169
41 615
49 014
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
5 590 3 250 462 811 356 606 1 015 2 340
5 883 3 215 438 862 347 633 936 2 668
6 453 3 423 498 826 359 733 1 007 3 029
5 036 2 734 367 721 307 510 829 2 301
5 203 2 971 414 671 344 485 1 058 2 232
6 019 4 143 574 1 028 430 722 1 390 1 875
6 418 3 879 542 1 182 336 750 1 069 2 539
6 993 4 056 547 1 016 431 709 1 352 2 937
5 252 3 029 456 721 337 542 974 2 222
5 819 3 442 514 789 401 606 1 132 2 377
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
410
414
605
354
493
443
489
529
473
534
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
15 150 9 618 6 043 3 011 564 2 504 766 525 1 737
17 602 11 675 7 021 4 065 589 2 576 1 012 478 1 861
21 127 14 592 8 960 4 932 700 2 645 1 326 514 2 050
17 050 11 465 6 883 4 138 443 2 454 935 429 1 767
15 095 9 476 6 180 2 681 614 2 631 808 377 1 804
16 621 10 685 6 991 3 047 647 2 753 800 572 1 811
14 207 9 470 4 810 4 030 630 2 200 569 567 1 402
17 299 10 628 6 323 3 699 607 2 656 950 592 2 472
13 897 8 116 4 912 2 657 548 2 695 699 550 1 837
16 862 10 590 6 708 3 410 472 2 626 829 584 2 232
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Apparel And Services ......................................................
1 786
2 001
2 245
1 435
1 586
1 753
1 597
1 992
1 537
1 712
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
8 355 3 808 1 366 2 713 468
8 861 3 923 1 475 2 955 508
9 223 3 962 1 472 2 962 828
7 806 3 424 1 335 2 643 404
6 989 2 673 1 235 2 511 570
9 680 4 424 1 392 3 337 528
7 230 3 040 1 124 2 194 873
10 860 5 242 1 455 3 211 953
8 197 3 632 1 253 2 876 436
10 077 4 676 1 297 3 601 503
Health Care .......................................................................
2 221
2 031
2 349
1 884
2 353
2 326
2 365
2 484
2 241
2 393
Entertainment ...................................................................
2 339
2 301
2 383
1 965
2 711
2 835
2 249
4 297
2 436
2 633
Personal Care Products And Services ..........................
545
608
555
519
506
556
594
628
544
637
Reading .............................................................................
160
158
270
145
218
172
161
290
142
141
Education .........................................................................
874
826
1 073
504
750
889
1 088
729
444
617
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ...................
238
190
228
195
302
303
297
508
298
307
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
869
1 037
997
869
1 107
848
759
1 387
785
1 075
Cash Contributions .........................................................
1 324
1 223
1 544
925
1 468
1 086
1 278
1 891
1 131
1 495
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
4 141 340 3 801
4 325 318 4 007
6 294 357 5 936
3 903 377 3 526
4 577 326 4 251
4 816 392 4 424
4 727 641 4 086
6 280 543 5 737
4 238 387 3 851
4 713 447 4 265
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
401
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-24. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Education of Reference Person, 2001–2002
Less than college graduate Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
All consumer units
Less than High school high school graduate graduate
Total
College graduate
High school graduate with some college
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree
Total
Master’s, professional, doctorate
112 108
82 690
17 075
31 961
23 260
10 395
29 417
19 082
10 335
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
49 430
39 402
25 564
39 618
42 598
54 860
77 820
69 408
92 783
Average Income After Taxes1 .........................................
46 934
38 026
25 127
38 219
40 950
52 586
72 153
64 309
86 106
Age Of Reference Person ...............................................
48.1
48.7
54.9
49.7
43.9
46.1
46.4
45.0
49.1
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.4
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.4 0.6 0.2 1.4 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.5 2.3
2.5 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.1
2.5 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.1
2.5 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
51 49
48 52
47 53
49 51
48 52
48 52
59 41
58 42
60 40
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
PERCENT HOMEOWNER ................................................
66
63
57
67
59
73
75
72
80
With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
41 26
35 28
21 36
36 31
38 21
50 22
56 19
54 18
59 22
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
40 677
34 631
24 930
33 708
33 708
44 406
57 384
53 732
64 118
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
4 830 2 925 424 790 306 497 908 1 905
4 140 2 896 405 843 298 523 827 1 245
4 708 2 917 422 800 303 487 905 1 791
4 708 2 917 422 800 298 523 928 2 244
5 690 3 134 462 808 327 531 1 006 2 556
6 779 3 535 516 819 375 646 1 126 3 244
6 565 3 439 499 808 375 646 1 111 3 126
7 171 3 709 546 838 404 768 1 153 3 462
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
376
303
185
273
372
433
561
538
604
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
11 194 6 417 3 966 2 128 323 2 533 518 502 1 224
8 288 4 597 2 194 2 279 124 2 211 260 402 819
10 800 6 180 3 902 1 987 290 2 597 427 440 1 156
12 336 7 290 4 510 2 315 465 2 515 713 465 1 353
14 644 8 183 5 858 1 893 433 2 902 789 956 1 814
19 111 11 800 8 534 2 250 1 015 3 111 1 232 653 2 315
17 759 10 867 7 711 2 369 787 3 018 1 088 624 2 162
21 607 13 521 10 055 2 030 1 436 3 282 1 499 708 2 598
Apparel And Services ......................................................
1 749
1 486
1 226
1 392
1 630
1 890
2 435
2 311
2 661
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
6 947 3 339 1 180 2 180 248
4 826 2 375 902 1 396 154
6 983 3 351 1 212 2 201 218
7 743 3 848 1 229 2 369 297
8 546 3 744 1 430 2 983 389
10 035 4 581 1 390 3 282 782
9 678 4 507 1 355 3 170 645
10 694 4 718 1 453 3 489 1 033
Health Care ....................................................................... Health insurance ................................................................ Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
2 350 1 168 590 487 105
2 147 1 079 498 482 90
1 797 914 330 489 64
2 208 1 133 489 496 90
2 149 1 051 550 446 102
2 535 1 248 680 505 102
2 914 1 417 849 500 148
2 740 1 349 764 478 149
3 234 1 543 1 005 540 146
Entertainment ...................................................................
2 079
1 683
872
1 588
2 071
2 433
3 176
3 021
3 462
Personal Care Products And Services ..........................
526
464
350
453
530
535
691
674
724
Reading .............................................................................
139
102
55
96
127
138
242
204
311
Education .........................................................................
752
505
120
306
953
746
1 442
1 278
1 746
Tobacco Products And Smoking Supplies ...................
320
375
354
441
340
289
167
186
130
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
792
696
495
624
881
839
1 060
932
1 295
Cash Contributions .........................................................
1 277
959
607
951
1 046
1 373
2 170
2 012
2 462
Personal Insurance And Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
3 899 406 3 493
2 937 331 2 607
1 614 204 1 410
2 886 336 2 551
3 364 366 2 999
4 314 444 3 870
6 600 618 5 982
5 834 532 5 301
8 017 778 7 239
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
PART NINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH HIGHLIGHTS The chapter includes data on work-related illnesses and fatal work injuries based on the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and the Census of Fatal Occupations. Data are classified by industry and selected worker characteristics.
Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illness Rates by Industry, 2002 Durable goods manufacturing Construction Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Nondurable goods manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Services Mining Finance, insurance, and real estate 0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Total cases
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Lost workday cases
In 2002, the durable goods manufacturing sector continued to have the highest incidence of non-fatal injuries and illnesses, followed by construction. However, the incidence of lost workday injuries is much lower for all industries. For this measure, construction had a rate of 2.8 compared with 1.9 for durable goods manufacturing (Table 9-1). OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Women suffered 34.9 percent of all non-fatal injuries and approximately 8 percent of all fatal injuries. (Table 9-2 and Table 9-4) • Truck drivers had the most injuries involving days away from work, 112.2 cases, or approximately 7.8 percent of the total. (Table 9-3) • Median days away from work involving injuries or illnesses for all workers were seven. Truck drivers had the highest amount with 13. Electricians, plumbers, repairers, and industrial truck operators each had 10. (Table 9-3) • Transportation and material moving occupations and construction had the highest number of fatalities for any occupation. Transportation occupations suffered from 25 percent of all fatalities and construction 19 percent. Motor vehicle operators had the vast majority of fatalities in the transportation and material moving occupations. (Table 9-5)
405
406
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage Nonfatal occupational Injuries and Illnesses The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a federal/state program in which employer reports were collected from about 182,800 private industry establishments in 2002 and processed by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The survey measures nonfatal injuries and illnesses only. The survey excludes the self-employed; farms with fewer than 11 employees; private households; federal government agencies; and, for national estimates, employees in state and local government agencies The Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported annually on the number of days-away-from-work injuries and illnesses in private industry and the rate of such incidents since the early 1970s. The 2002 national survey marks the eleventh year that BLS has collected additional detailed information on such cases in the form of worker and case characteristics data, including lost work time. On January 19, 2001, OSHA promulgated revisions to its requirements for recording occupational injuries and illnesses. These revisions became effective January 1, 2002, and are reflected in the 2002 survey. Due to the revised requirements, the estimates from the 2002 survey are not comparable with those from prior years. The survey was not designed to determine the impact of the revision on the estimates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses. The term “lost workdays” is eliminated and the revision requires recording of days away from work and days of restricted work or transfer to another job. In addition, the new rules for counting rely on calendar days instead of workdays. Employers are no longer required to count days away from work or days of job transfer or restriction beyond 180 days. These changes affect the calculation of median days away from work, making it non-comparable to prior years. The number and frequency (incidence rates) of days away from work cases are based on logs and other records kept by private industry employers throughout the year. These records reflect not only the year’s injury and illness experience but also the employers’ understanding of which cases are work related under current record keeping guidelines of the U. S. Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses reported in a given year also can be influenced by changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and work practices, worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked.
Mining and railroad data are furnished to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Federal Railroad Administration and are therefore not comparable to other industries. Industry data are classified according to the Standard Industrial Classification Concepts and Definitions Recordable occupational injuries and illnesses are: (1) nonfatal occupational illnesses; or (2) nonfatal occupational injuries that involve one or more of the following: loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, transfer to another job, or medical treatment (other than first aid). The annual survey measures only nonfatal injuries and illnesses. To better address fatalities, BLS implemented the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (see below). Occupational injury is any injury—such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation, and so forth—that results from a work accident or from exposure involving a single incident in the work environment. Occupational illness is an abnormal condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. It includes acute and chronic illness or disease that may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact. Long-term latent illnesses can be difficult to relate to the workplace and are believed to be understated in this survey. Days away from work are cases that involve days away from work, days of restricted work activity, or both. The data are presented in the form of incidence rates, defined as the number of injuries and illnesses or cases of days away from work per 100 full-time employees. The formula is (N/EH) x 200,000, where N=number of injuries and illnesses or days away from work, EH=total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year, and 200,000 represents the base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). Comparable data for individual states are available from the BLS Office of Safety, Health, and Working Conditions. Fatal Occupational Injuries Beginning in 1992, BLS has collected a comprehensive count of work-related deaths in the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The BLS fatality census
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
covers not only private wage and salary workers, but also workers on small farms, the self-employed and family workers, and public sector workers. The CFOI program is a cooperative venture between the state and federal governments. The program collects and cross checks fatality information from multiple sources, including death certificates, state and federal workers’ compensation reports, Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Mine Safety and Health Administration records, medical examiner and autopsy reports, media accounts, state motor vehicle fatality records, and follow-up questionnaires to employers. Fatality counts from the BLS Census are combined with annual average employment from the Current Population Survey to produce a fatal work injury rate. For a fatality to be included in the CFOI, the decedent must have been employed at the time of the event and present at the site of the incident as a job requirement.
407
Because of the latency period of many occupational illnesses and the resulting difficulty associated with linking illnesses to work, it is difficult to compile a complete count of all fatal illnesses in a given year. Thus, information on illness related deaths are excluded from the basic fatality count. Industries are classified according to the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS) and occupations according to the Standard Occupational System (SOC). Sources of Additional Information For more extensive definitions and description of collection methods see BLS news release USDL 04-460 for illnesses, USDL 04-1830 for fatalities, occasional articles in Compensation, and Working Conditions, and BLS Report 954.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-1. Incidence Rates of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Industries and Case Types, 2002 (Number.) Cases with days away from work, job transfer, or restriction Industry1
Total recordable cases
SIC code2
Cases with days away from work3
Total
Cases with job transfer or restriction
Other recordable cases
PRIVATE INDUSTRY4 ...........................................................
5.3
2.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing4 ....................................... Agricultural production4 .................................................. Agricultural production-crops4 ........................................ Agricultural production-livestock4 ................................... Agricultural services ....................................................... Forestry ..........................................................................
01-02 01 02 07 08
6.4 7.0 6.2 9.0 6.1 5.2
3.3 3.8 3.5 4.7 3.0 2.4
2.1 2.2 2.0 2.8 2.1 1.4
1.2 1.6 1.5 1.9 0.9 0.9
3.1 3.2 2.7 4.4 3.1 2.8
Fishing, hunting, and trapping ........................................
09
4.5
1.2
1.1
0.1
3.4
Mining ................................................................................. Metal mining ................................................................... Coal mining ..................................................................... Oil and gas extraction ..................................................... Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .................................
10 12 13 14
4.0 4.1 6.8 3.4 3.8
2.6 2.3 4.9 2.2 2.6
2.0 1.6 4.6 1.5 1.7
0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.9
1.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.2
Construction ....................................................................... General building contractors ........................................... Heavy construction, except building ............................... Special trade contractors ................................................
15 16 17
7.1 6.2 6.4 7.5
3.8 3.2 3.7 4.1
2.8 2.3 2.4 3.0
1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1
3.2 2.9 2.7 3.5
Manufacturing ..................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................ Lumber and wood products ........................................ Furniture and fixtures .................................................. Stone, clay, and glass products .................................. Primary metal industries ............................................. Fabricated metal products ..........................................
24 25 32 33 34
7.2 7.9 10.1 9.9 9.4 10.3 9.8
4.1 4.3 5.7 6.0 5.4 5.5 5.1
1.7 1.9 2.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.4
2.3 2.4 2.8 3.8 2.8 3.0 2.7
3.1 3.6 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.8 4.7
Industrial machinery and equipment ........................... Electronic and other electric equipment ..................... Transportation equipment ........................................... Instruments and related products ............................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries .....................
35 36 37 38 39
6.7 4.5 10.1 3.3 6.2
3.3 2.4 5.8 1.9 3.4
1.6 1.0 1.9 0.8 1.7
1.7 1.3 3.9 1.1 1.7
3.4 2.1 4.3 1.5 2.8
Nondurable goods .......................................................... Food and kindred products ......................................... Tobacco products ....................................................... Textile mill products .................................................... Apparel and other textile products .............................. Paper and allied products ...........................................
20 21 22 23 26
6.2 9.3 4.0 5.2 4.6 5.6
3.8 6.1 2.1 3.0 2.7 3.1
1.6 2.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.7
2.2 3.9 0.7 2.1 1.6 1.5
2.5 3.2 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.4
Printing and publishing ............................................... Chemicals and allied products .................................... Petroleum and coal products ...................................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ............. Leather and leather products ......................................
27 28 29 30 31
4.0 3.3 3.6 8.8 7.3
2.2 1.9 2.2 5.1 4.3
1.2 0.8 1.3 2.2 1.7
1.1 1.1 0.8 2.9 2.7
1.8 1.4 1.4 3.6 3.0
Transportation and public utilities5 ..................................... Railroad transportation5 .................................................. Local and interurban passenger transit .......................... Trucking and warehousing ............................................. Water transportation ....................................................... Transportation by air .......................................................
40 41 42 44 45
6.1 3.0 7.9 7.0 6.8 11.8
4.0 2.3 4.6 4.6 4.4 8.4
2.7 2.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 5.2
1.3 0.2 1.3 1.3 ... 3.2
2.1 0.7 3.4 2.4 ... 3.4
Transportation services .................................................. Communications ............................................................. Electric, gas, and sanitary services ................................
47 48 49
2.9 3.0 5.0
1.7 2.0 2.8
1.0 1.4 1.5
0.7 0.5 1.3
1.2 1.0 2.2
Wholesale and retail trade .................................................. Wholesale trade .............................................................. Wholesale trade-durable goods .................................. Wholesale trade-nondurable goods ............................
50 51
5.3 5.2 4.5 6.1
2.7 3.1 2.5 3.9
1.6 1.7 1.5 2.2
1.1 1.3 1.0 1.7
2.6 2.1 2.0 2.2
Retail trade ..................................................................... Building materials and garden supplies ...................... General merchandise stores ...................................... Food stores ................................................................. Automotive dealers and service stations .................... Apparel and accessory stores ....................................
52 53 54 55 56
5.3 7.2 7.7 6.8 5.1 3.0
2.5 4.3 4.7 3.4 2.2 1.3
1.5 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.6 0.8
1.0 1.8 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.5
2.7 2.9 2.9 3.4 2.8 1.6
1Totals include data for industries not shown separately. 2Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1997. 3Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without job transfer or restriction. 4Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 5Data for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. These data do not reflect the changes OSHA
made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable with estimates for other industries. . . . = Not available.
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Table 9-1. Incidence Rates of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Industries and Case Types, 2002—Continued (Number.) Cases with days away from work, job transfer, or restriction Industry1
Total recordable cases
SIC code2
Cases with days away from work3
Total
Cases with job transfer or restriction
Other recordable cases
Retail trade—Continued Furniture and home furnishings stores ....................... Eating and drinking places ......................................... Miscellaneous retail ....................................................
57 58 59
4.2 4.6 3.6
2.3 1.6 1.9
1.4 1.1 1.1
0.9 0.5 0.8
1.9 3.0 1.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate ................................... Depository institutions .................................................... Nondepository institutions .............................................. Security and commodity brokers .................................... Insurance carriers ........................................................... Insurance agents, brokers, and service ..........................
60 61 62 63 64
1.7 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.6 0.9
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1
0.9 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.6
Real estate ..................................................................... Holding and other investment offices .............................
65 67
3.5 1.8
1.9 0.6
1.3 0.5
0.7 0.1
1.6 ...
Services .............................................................................. Hotels and other lodging places ..................................... Personal services ........................................................... Business services ........................................................... Auto repair, services, and parking .................................. Miscellaneous repair services ........................................
70 72 73 75 76
4.6 6.6 3.0 2.7 4.5 4.9
2.2 3.4 1.8 1.3 2.2 2.7
1.3 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.6 2.0
0.9 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8
2.4 3.2 1.2 1.4 2.3 2.2
Motion pictures ............................................................... Amusement and recreation services .............................. Health services ............................................................... Legal services ................................................................. Educational services .......................................................
78 79 80 81 82
2.2 6.3 7.4 0.8 2.8
0.9 3.2 3.4 0.3 1.3
0.7 1.7 2.0 0.2 0.8
0.2 1.5 1.5 0.1 0.5
1.3 3.1 4.0 0.4 1.5
Social services ................................................................ Museums, botanical, zoological gardens ........................ Membership organizations ............................................. Engineering and mangement services ...........................
83 84 86 87
5.5 4.9 2.6 1.5
2.9 2.6 1.1 0.7
1.8 1.6 0.8 0.5
1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2
2.6 2.3 1.5 0.8
Note: Because of rounding, components may not add to totals. 1Totals include data for industries not shown separately. 2Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1997. 3Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in 6Incidence rates less than 0.05.
. . . = Not available.
days away from work with or without job transfer or restriction.
(6)
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-2. Number of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work 1 by Selected Worker Characteristics and Industry Division, Private Industry, 2002 (Numbers in thousands.) Goods producing Characteristic
Total cases
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2
Mining 3
Service producing
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities 4
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
TOTAL CASES ......................................................
1 436.2
31.5
11.4
163.6
280.0
168.6
108.8
263.4
36.7
372.2
Sex Men ......................................................................... Women ...................................................................
930.9 500.6
25.1 6.4
11.1 0.2
159.6 4.0
214.7 65.3
130.0 34.0
92.3 16.5
144.8 118.6
17.9 18.8
135.5 236.7
Age 5 14 to 15 years ......................................................... 16 to 19 years ......................................................... 20 to 24 years ......................................................... 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 55 to 64 years ......................................................... 65 and over .............................................................
0.2 38.4 159.2 358.4 400.9 305.0 143.5 25.1
... 1.0 5.4 9.8 8.3 4.7 1.7 0.5
... 0.2 1.4 2.9 3.0 2.7 0.9 0.1
... 3.1 21.7 49.7 49.4 26.6 10.4 1.4
... 4.3 24.1 65.9 80.7 67.9 32.7 3.3
... 1.6 11.9 41.1 53.0 41.1 17.6 1.7
... 2.0 10.8 29.8 31.6 23.2 9.2 1.9
0.1 16.4 43.4 64.0 63.2 46.2 22.3 6.9
... 0.4 2.8 8.1 10.5 8.8 5.1 0.9
... 9.5 37.6 86.9 101.2 83.7 43.5 8.5
Occupation Managerial and professional specialty ................... Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Service .................................................................... Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
93.0 239.4 270.3 35.6 242.8 552.9
0.5 1.4 0.5 22.9 1.1 5.1
0.2 0.1 ... 5.8 5.3
2.7 4.5 0.5 0.4 94.9 60.4
4.6 16.7 6.0 2.0 49.4 200.7
3.6 27.7 9.9 0.7 27.3 99.1
3.8 17.8 1.6 1.3 13.0 71.1
9.3 92.1 67.9 1.2 24.7 67.8
5.7 15.9 8.2 1.7 3.7 1.5
62.6 63.1 175.6 5.5 22.7 42.0
Length Of Service With Employer Less than 3 months ................................................ 3 to 11 months ........................................................ 1 to 5 years ............................................................. More than 5 years ................................................... Not reported ............................................................
176.7 290.3 534.2 422.3 12.7
7.2 8.0 10.7 5.5 0.1
1.8 2.5 3.7 3.1 0.3
29.9 40.0 59.2 33.3 1.2
28.8 40.8 94.6 114.7 1.1
13.0 25.3 59.5 65.8 5.2
12.0 21.2 44.7 30.2 0.6
38.3 61.7 100.9 60.9 1.6
2.2 7.7 15.8 10.8 0.2
43.4 83.2 145.1 98.2 2.3
Race Or Ethnic Origin White, non-Hispanic ............................................... Black, non-Hispanic ................................................ Hispanic .................................................................. Asian or Pacific Islander ......................................... American Indian or Alaskan Native ........................ Multi-race ................................................................ Not reported ............................................................
688.0 114.5 180.4 22.1 8.2 2.7 420.3
12.7 1.1 13.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 3.3
2.4 0.2 1.3
98.7 7.1 26.1 1.2 1.0 0.2 29.3
150.2 22.5 39.5 5.2 1.2 0.3 61.1
53.4 9.2 10.8 1.3 0.6 0.6 92.7
58.9 9.3 15.5 1.6 0.6 0.2 22.7
125.1 16.2 28.8 3.2 2.1 0.4 87.6
15.1 3.0 4.6 1.0 0.4 0.2 12.4
171.5 45.9 39.9 8.3 2.3 0.6 103.8
(6)
(6) (6)
... 7.4
Note: Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, components may not add to totals. 1Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2Exclude farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3Data for mining include establishments not governed by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) rules and reporting,
such as those in oil and gas extraction. Data for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Independent mining contractor are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. These data do not reflect the changes OSHA made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore estimates for these industries are not comparable with estimates for other industries. 4Data for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. These data do not reflect the changes OSHA made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore estimates for these industries are not comparable with estimates for other industries. 5Information is not shown separately for injured workers under age 14; they accounted for fewer than 50 cases. 6Fewer than 50 cases. . . . = Not available.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Table 9-3. Number and Percent Distribution of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work 1 by Selected Occupation and Number of Days Away from Work, Private Industry, 2002 (Numbers, percent, days.) Percent of days-away-from-work-cases involving Occupation
Total
cases 2
Total percent of cases
1 day
2 days
3 to 5 days
6 to 10 days
11 to 20 days
21 to 30 days
31 days and over
Median days away from work
TOTAL CASES .................................................................................................... Truck drivers ......................................................................................................... Nursing aides, orderlies ........................................................................................ Laborers, nonconstruction .................................................................................... Janitors and cleaners ...........................................................................................
1 436.2 112.2 79.0 76.6 42.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
15.0 9.3 16.0 15.5 13.2
11.2 7.6 11.5 11.0 13.7
18.6 15.8 22.0 18.8 20.5
12.4 14.3 15.4 13.4 10.9
11.0 11.5 10.5 11.2 12.3
6.7 8.0 6.2 7.7 6.0
25.1 33.5 18.5 22.4 23.4
7 13 6 7 7
Construction laborers ........................................................................................... Assemblers ........................................................................................................... Carpenters ............................................................................................................ Supervisors and proprietors, sales ....................................................................... Cooks ...................................................................................................................
41.9 34.4 28.3 26.1 24.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.5 15.2 13.2 14.0 16.9
10.1 10.5 11.4 12.4 14.6
18.5 16.7 17.9 19.3 21.0
11.2 11.7 11.4 15.8 13.5
12.0 11.5 10.7 10.4 7.8
8.1 7.0 7.3 4.6 3.9
27.5 27.5 28.0 23.5 22.3
9 8 9 6 5
Sales workers, other commodities ....................................................................... Cashiers ............................................................................................................... Registered nurses ................................................................................................ Miscellaneous food preparation ........................................................................... Stock handlers and baggers .................................................................................
24.7 22.5 21.9 21.8 21.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.8 18.0 16.2 13.0 16.2
12.1 10.5 12.5 20.2 13.5
22.4 20.2 19.1 22.3 21.6
9.8 12.4 12.8 12.0 11.3
10.3 8.9 11.9 9.6 10.4
6.1 4.7 6.2 5.7 5.7
22.5 25.3 21.3 17.2 21.4
5 6 6 5 5
Maids and housemen ........................................................................................... Welders and cutters ............................................................................................. Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ...................................................... Electricians ........................................................................................................... Driver-sales workers .............................................................................................
18.6 15.2 14.9 14.4 13.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.9 20.7 17.5 17.8 13.3
15.2 13.8 14.8 9.3 8.5
20.9 19.6 21.6 16.0 19.4
10.5 8.8 9.0 7.6 14.2
9.2 9.6 9.8 12.2 12.8
5.7 5.1 4.1 8.4 6.6
26.5 22.4 23.2 28.5 25.3
6 5 5 10 8
Shipping and receiving clerks ............................................................................... Mechanics, automobile ......................................................................................... Kitchen workers .................................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ................................................................. Health aides, except nursing ................................................................................
13.5 13.3 12.1 10.6 10.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
17.8 20.7 14.9 15.9 22.2
10.7 10.0 17.9 9.4 16.0
19.4 18.7 19.9 16.8 20.2
10.7 12.0 14.3 11.2 10.4
9.8 10.0 9.6 9.2 10.4
6.6 7.6 4.1 8.7 5.2
24.9 20.9 19.4 28.8 15.7
6 6 5 10 4
Waiters and waitresses ........................................................................................ Farm workers ....................................................................................................... Repairers, industrial machinery ............................................................................ Guards and police, except public ......................................................................... Industrial truck operators ......................................................................................
10.4 10.1 10.0 9.0 8.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
23.4 11.5 15.3 16.4 10.0
11.6 13.0 10.2 13.4 8.6
15.0 21.4 15.3 17.1 18.4
12.1 12.0 9.7 13.6 13.7
14.5 13.6 12.3 11.4 11.3
6.3 8.7 7.6 4.4 6.7
17.1 19.8 29.6 23.7 31.3
5 7 10 7 10
Stock and inventory clerks ................................................................................... Supervisors, production workers .......................................................................... Mechanics, bus, truck, stationary engine ............................................................. Licensed practical nurses ..................................................................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics ........................................
8.7 8.4 8.3 7.8 7.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.1 17.4 15.7 15.8 13.4
10.1 13.8 10.4 18.9 15.5
18.1 15.9 16.9 21.5 15.4
10.7 11.2 8.8 11.4 11.3
11.9 15.3 12.7 8.3 7.7
3.9 5.7 7.9 3.9 7.5
29.1 20.7 27.5 20.2 29.3
8 7 9 4 8
Machinists ............................................................................................................ General office clerks ............................................................................................. Hand packers and packagers ............................................................................... Garage and service station related occupations ..................................................
7.2 7.0 7.0 6.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.3 21.5 13.8 12.8
10.0 11.8 10.9 13.9
17.9 15.8 20.7 22.0
10.5 10.7 9.7 11.8
11.4 7.1 9.5 10.8
8.2 7.2 5.2 6.9
25.6 25.9 30.3 21.8
8 6 7 6
Note: Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, percentages may not add to 100. 1Days-away-from-work cases include those which 2Exclude farms with fewer than 11 employees.
result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-4. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Selected Worker Characteristics and Selected Event or Exposure, 2003
Selected event or exposure 1(percent of total for characteristic category)
Fatalities Characteristics Number
Highway 2
Percent
Homicides
Falls
Struck by object
TOTAL ...........................................................
5 559
100
24
11
12
10
Employee Status Wage and salary workers 3 ............................ Self-employed 4 ..............................................
4 392 1 167
79 21
27 13
10 16
13 12
9 11
Sex And Age Men ................................................................ Women ...........................................................
5 115 444
92 8
24 31
10 27
13 9
10 1
Both sexes, by age 5 Under 16 years .............................................. 16 to 17 years ................................................ 18 to 19 years ................................................ 20 to 24 years ................................................ 25 to 34 years ................................................
25 28 84 461 1 016
(6)
1 2 8 18
24 25 24 23 26
... ... 12 14 14
... ... 11 9 10
... 11 14 8 8
35 to 44 years ................................................ 45 to 54 years ................................................ 55 to 64 years ................................................ 65 and over ....................................................
1 324 1 298 801 519
24 23 14 9
24 27 23 20
12 11 8 9
11 14 15 17
10 10 9 11
Race or ethnic origin 7 White .............................................................. Black .............................................................. Hispanic ......................................................... American Indian, Aleut, Eskimo ..................... Asian ..............................................................
3 976 542 791 42 147
72 10 14 1 3
26 28 17 21 10
8 22 13 12 50
12 9 16 14 7
9 7 13 19 4
Pacific Islander ............................................... Multiple races ................................................. Other or not reported .....................................
11 3 47
(6) (6)
... ... 23
... ... 34
27 ... 6
... ... 6
1
Note: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding. 1The figure shown is the percent of the total fatalities for that demographic group. 2"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that
occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms. Incidents involving trains and deaths to pedestrians or other nonpassengers are excluded from both categories. "Nonhighway" includes transport related deaths of vehicle occupants that occur or originate entirely off the road. Incidents involving trains; and deaths to pedestrians or other non-passengers are excluded from both categories. 3May include volunteers and other workers receiving compensation. 4Includes paid and unpaid family workers, and may include owners of incorporated businesses, or members of partnerships. 5There were three fatalities for which there was insufficient information to determine the age of the decedent. 6Less than or equal to 0.5 percent. 7Persons identified as Hispanic may be of any race. The individual racial categories shown exclude data for Hispanics. . . . = Not available.
413
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Table 9-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Selected Event or Exposure, 2003
Selected event or exposure 2 (percent of total for characteristic category)
Fatalities Occupation 1 Number
Percent
Highway 3
Homicide
Struck by object
Falls
TOTAL .........................................................................................................................................
5 559
100
24
11
12
10
Management occupations ........................................................................................................ Top executives ..................................................................................................................... Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers ......................... Operations specialties managers ........................................................................................ Other management occupations ..........................................................................................
630 40 14 34 542
11 1 1 10
16 25 64 26 13
10 15 ... 18 9
8 10 ... 9 8
11 8 ... ... 12
Business and financial operations occupations ....................................................................... Business operations specialists ........................................................................................... Financial specialists .............................................................................................................
32 11 21
(4) (4)
31 ... 38
12 ... 14
12 27 ...
... ... ...
Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................................................... Computer specialists ...........................................................................................................
8 7
(4) (4)
50 57
... ...
... ...
... ...
Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................................................... Architects, surveyors, and cartographers ............................................................................ Engineers ............................................................................................................................. Drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians .................................................................
54 7 28 19
1
(4)
28 ... 32 32
... ... ... ...
11 ... ... ...
6 ... ... ...
Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................................................ Life scientists ....................................................................................................................... Physical scientists ................................................................................................................ Life, physical, and social science technicians ......................................................................
20 8 4 7
(4) (4) (4) (4)
20 ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
Community and social services occupations ........................................................................... Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists ............... Religious workers ................................................................................................................
29 16 13
1 (4) (4)
55 62 46
10 ... 23
... ... ...
... ... ...
Legal occupations .................................................................................................................... Lawyers, judges, and related workers ................................................................................. Legal support workers .........................................................................................................
15 11 4
(4) (4) (4)
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
Education, training, and library occupations ............................................................................ Postsecondary teachers ...................................................................................................... Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers ............................................... Other teachers and instructors ............................................................................................ Librarians, curators, and archivists ...................................................................................... Other education, training, and library occupations ..............................................................
30 10 10 3 4 3
1 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
53 40 50 ... ... 100
... ... ... ... ... ...
17 ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................................................... Art and design workers ........................................................................................................ Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers .................................................... Media and communication workers ..................................................................................... Media and communication equipment workers ...................................................................
58 10 30 12 6
(4) (4)
21 ... 17 50 ...
... ... ... ... ...
9 ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ................................................................ Health diagnosing and treating practitioners ....................................................................... Health technologists and technicians .................................................................................. Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ...................................................
49 30 16 3
(4) (4)
35 17 69 ...
12 17 ... ...
6 ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
Healthcare support occupations .............................................................................................. Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................................................................... Other healthcare support occupations .................................................................................
20 14 5
(4) (4) (4)
25 21 ...
30 29 ...
30 43 ...
... ... ...
Protective service occupations ................................................................................................ First-line supervisors, managers, and protective service workers ....................................... Fire fighting and prevention workers .................................................................................... Law enforcement workers .................................................................................................... Other protective service workers .........................................................................................
312 24 45 153 90
6
34 38 47 43 10
30 29 ... 33 41
4 ... ... 2 7
1 ... ... ... ...
Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................................................. Supervisors, food preparation and serving workers ............................................................ Cooks and food preparation workers ................................................................................... Food and beverage serving workers ................................................................................... Other food preparation and serving related workers ...........................................................
71 20 18 27 6
(4) (4) (4) (4)
8 20 ... ... ...
58 70 50 59 ...
14 ... ... 15 67
... ... ... ... ...
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ................................................ Supervisors, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers .............................. Building cleaning and pest control workers ......................................................................... Grounds maintenance workers ............................................................................................
246 41 49 156
4 1 1 3
13 12 6 15
4 ... 14 2
25 20 39 22
21 27 ... 25
1Based on the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System. 2The figure shown is the percentage of the total fatalities for that occupation group. 3"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that
(4)
1
(4)
1
1 (4)
1
1 1
(4)
1 3 2 1
occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and deaths to pedestrians or other nonpassengers. than or equal to 0.5 percent. . . . = Not available.
4Less
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Selected Event or Exposure, 2003—Continued
Selected event or exposure 2 (percent of total for characteristic category)
Fatalities Occupation 1 Number
Percent
Highway 3
Personal care and service occupations ................................................................................... Animal care and service workers ......................................................................................... Entertainment attendants and related workers .................................................................... Personal appearance workers ............................................................................................. Transportation, tourism, and lodging attendants ................................................................. Other personal care and service workers ............................................................................
53 18 10 7 5 10
1
Sales and related occupations ................................................................................................. Supervisors, sales workers .................................................................................................. Retail sales workers ............................................................................................................. Sales representatives, services ........................................................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ......................................................... Other sales and related workers ..........................................................................................
349 161 107 14 27 40
Office and administrative support occupations ........................................................................ Supervisors, office and administrative support workers ...................................................... Financial clerks .................................................................................................................... Information and record clerks .............................................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers ................................. Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................................................................... Other office and administrative support workers .................................................................
112 7 11 11 56 10 17
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .............................................................................. Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers ............................................................. Agricultural workers ............................................................................................................. Fishing and hunting workers ................................................................................................ Forest, conservation, and logging workers ..........................................................................
305 11 137 50 107
Construction and extraction occupations ................................................................................. Supervisors, construction and extraction workers ............................................................... Construction trades workers ................................................................................................ Helpers, construction trades ................................................................................................ Other construction and related workers ............................................................................... Extraction workers ...............................................................................................................
1 033 111 784 26 44 68
19 2 14
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................................................... Supervisors of installation, maintenance and repair ............................................................ Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ........................... Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ................................... Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .....................................................
395 34 20 122 219
7 1
Production occupations ........................................................................................................... Assemblers and fabricators ................................................................................................. Food processing workers ..................................................................................................... Metal workers and plastic workers ....................................................................................... Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ............................................................................ Woodworkers ....................................................................................................................... Plant and system operators ................................................................................................. Other production occupations ..............................................................................................
282 34 14 83 7 7 15 84
Transportation and material moving occupations .................................................................... Supervisors, transportation, and material moving workers .................................................. Air transportation workers .................................................................................................... Motor vehicle operators ....................................................................................................... Rail transportation workers .................................................................................................. Water transportation workers ............................................................................................... Other transportation workers ............................................................................................... Material moving workers ......................................................................................................
1 388 16 113 955 16 26 12 250
25
Military occupations .................................................................................................................
62
Homicide
Struck by object
Falls
11 ... ... ... ... ...
21 ... ... 71 ... 40
6 ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
21 16 7 50 74 35
52 53 73 ... ... 40
5 5 6 ... ... ...
2 2 ... ... ... ...
30 ... ... ... 45 ... 18
33 ... 45 55 25 50 29
10 43 ... ... 5 ... ...
3 ... ... ... 5 ... ...
11 ... 18 ... 7
3 ... 6 ... ...
4 ... 5 ... 4
29 55 7 ... 69
12 12 11 ... 18 13
2 3 2 ... ... ...
32 26 35 27 30 6
11 12 10 12 ... 26
10 12 25 9 9
7 18 ... 14 1
17 24 30 6 21
14 18 ... 22 10
6 ... ... 4 ... ... ... 6
10 15 29 4 43 ... ... 6
7 ... ... 10 ... ... ... 5
13 18 ... 20 ... 57 ... 6
4
49 19 ... 66 ... ... ... 15
6 19 ... 7 ... ... 25 4
5 19 ... 3 ... ... ... 11
6 19 ... 5 ... 12 ... 14
1
13
...
...
8
(4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
6 3 2 (4) (4)
1 2 (4) (4) (4)
1 (4) (4)
5 (4)
2 1 2
(4)
1 1
(4)
2 4 5 1 (4)
1 (4) (4) (4)
2
(4)
2 17 (4) (4) (4)
Note: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding. 1Based on the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System. 2The figure shown is the percentage of the total fatalities for that occupation group. 3"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that
occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and deaths to pedestrians or other nonpassengers. than or equal to 0.5 percent. . . . = Not available.
4Less
PART TEN LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS HIGHLIGHTS This chapter contains information on historical trends in union membership and earnings and work stoppages.
Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2003 1,000
Dollars
800
600
400
200
0 Private Sector
Public Sector
Production, Sales and Management, Natural office professional, resources, transportation, and related construction, and material occupations and moving occupations maintenance occupations occupations Members of unions
Service occupations
Nonunion members
In both the private and public sectors workers union members had wages over 20 percent higher that those of nonunion workers. In service and natural resource occupations, union wages were over 50 percent higher. Service occupations include healthcare support, protective services, food preparation, building and grounds cleaning, and personal care occupations. Natural resource occupations include farming, fishing, and forestry, construction and extraction, and installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. (Table 10-4) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Though the number of work stoppages in 2003 declined, the number of workers involved rose. However, the number was still low by historical standards. (Table 10-1) • The proportion of employed workers who were members of unions continued to decline, from 13.3 percent to 12.9 percent. (Table 10-2) • Men had a higher rate of union membership than women, 14.3 percent compared with 11.4 percent. (Table 10-2) • Over 40 percent of government workers were represented by unions compared with only 9 percent in the private sector. This is reflected in a relatively high proportion of union membership in education and protective service occupations. The former includes teachers and the latter, policemen and firemen. (Table 10-3) • In Alaska, Hawaii, Michigan, and New York over 20 percent of employed workers were union members in 2003. (Table 10-6)
417
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS
WORK STOPPAGES Collection and Coverage Data on work stoppages measure the number and duration of major strikes or lockouts (involving 1,000 workers or more) occurring during the year, the number of workers involved, and the amount of time lost because of stoppage. Data are largely from newspaper accounts and cover only establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or secondary effect of stoppages on other establishments whose employees are idle owing to material shortages or lack of service. The current series is not comparable with the one terminated in 1981, which covered strikes involving six workers or more. Concepts and Definitions Stoppages are strikes and lockouts involving 1,000 workers or more and lasting a full shift or longer.
total employment (excluding forestry, fisheries, and private household workers) in the period. Sources of Additional Information Additional information is available in BLS news release USDL 04-418. UNION MEMBERSHIP Collection, Coverage, and Definitions The estimates of union membership are obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The union membership and earnings data are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers. Union members are members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. Represented by unions refers to union members as well as workers who have no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union contract.
Workers involved are workers directly involved in the stoppage.
Sources of Additional Information
Number of days idle is the aggregate number of workdays lost by workers involved in the stoppages.
Additional information is available in BLS news release USDL 04-53, Union Membership (Annual).
Days of idleness as a percent of estimated working time is aggregate workdays lost as a percent of the aggregate number of standard workdays in the period multiplied by
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
419
Table 10-1. Work Stoppages Involving 1,000 Workers or More, 1947–2003
Stoppages beginning in the year 1
Days idle during the year 2
Year Number
Workers involved (thousands)
Number (thousands)
Percent of estimated total working time 3
1947 ............................................................................................ 1948 ............................................................................................ 1949 ............................................................................................
270 245 262
1 629 1 435 2 537
25 720 26 127 43 420
... 0.22 0.38
1950 ............................................................................................ 1951 ............................................................................................ 1952 ............................................................................................ 1953 ............................................................................................ 1954 ............................................................................................
424 415 470 437 265
1 698 1 462 2 746 1 623 1 075
30 390 15 070 48 820 18 130 16 630
0.26 0.12 0.38 0.14 0.13
1955 ............................................................................................ 1956 ............................................................................................ 1957 ............................................................................................ 1958 ............................................................................................ 1959 ............................................................................................
363 287 279 332 245
2 055 1 370 887 1 587 1 381
21 180 26 840 10 340 17 900 60 850
0.16 0.20 0.07 0.13 0.43
1960 ............................................................................................ 1961 ............................................................................................ 1962 ............................................................................................ 1963 ............................................................................................ 1964 ............................................................................................
222 195 211 181 246
896 1 031 793 512 1 183
13 260 10 140 11 760 10 020 16 220
0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.11
1965 ............................................................................................ 1966 ............................................................................................ 1967 ............................................................................................ 1968 ............................................................................................ 1969 ............................................................................................
268 321 381 392 412
999 1 300 2 192 1 855 1 576
15 140 16 000 31 320 35 367 29 397
0.10 0.10 0.18 0.20 0.16
1970 ............................................................................................ 1971 ............................................................................................ 1972 ............................................................................................ 1973 ............................................................................................ 1974 ............................................................................................
381 298 250 317 424
2 468 2 516 975 1 400 1 796
52 761 35 538 16 764 16 260 31 809
0.29 0.19 0.09 0.08 0.16
1975 ............................................................................................ 1976 ............................................................................................ 1977 ............................................................................................ 1978 ............................................................................................ 1979 ............................................................................................
235 231 298 219 235
965 1 519 1 212 1 006 1 021
17 563 23 962 21 258 23 774 20 409
0.09 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.09
1980 ............................................................................................ 1981 ............................................................................................ 1982 ............................................................................................ 1983 ............................................................................................ 1984 ............................................................................................
187 145 96 81 62
795 729 656 909 376
20 844 16 908 9 061 17 461 8 499
0.09 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.04
1985 ............................................................................................ 1986 ............................................................................................ 1987 ............................................................................................ 1988 ............................................................................................ 1989 ............................................................................................
54 69 46 40 51
324 533 174 118 452
7 079 11 861 4 481 4 381 16 996
0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.07
1990 ............................................................................................ 1991 ............................................................................................ 1992 ............................................................................................ 1993 ............................................................................................ 1994 ............................................................................................
44 40 35 35 45
185 392 364 182 322
5 926 4 584 3 989 3 981 5 021
0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
1995 ............................................................................................ 1996 ............................................................................................ 1997 ............................................................................................ 1998 ............................................................................................ 1999 ............................................................................................
31 37 29 34 17
192 273 339 387 73
5 771 4 889 4 497 5 116 1 996
0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01
2000 ............................................................................................ 2001 ............................................................................................ 2002 ............................................................................................ 2003 ............................................................................................
39 29 19 14
394 99 46 129
20 419 1 151 660 4 091
0.06
1Workers are counted more than once if they are involved in more than one stoppage during the reference period. 2Days idle includes all stoppages in effect during the reference period. For work stoppages that are still ongoing at
the end of the calendar year, only those days of idleness in the
calendar year are counted. 3Agricultural and government 4Less than .005 percent.
. . . = Not available.
workers are included in the calculation of estimated working time; private households, forestry, and fishery employees are excluded.
(4) (4)
0.01
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-2. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, 1998–2003 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) 1998
Characteristics
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
1999 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
2000 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
SEX AND AGE TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ........... 116 730
16 211
13.9
17 918
15.4 118 963
16 477
13.9
18 182
15.3 120 786
16 258
13.5
17 944
14.9
16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
19 164 97 566 29 121 31 865 23 579 10 427 2 574
1 014 15 198 3 332 5 013 4 737 1 923 193
5.3 15.6 11.4 15.7 20.1 18.4 7.5
1 151 16 767 3 711 5 511 5 220 2 110 214
6.0 17.2 12.7 17.3 22.1 20.2 8.3
19 606 99 358 28 657 32 438 24 665 10 880 2 718
1 110 15 367 3 415 4 918 4 881 1 932 221
5.7 15.5 11.9 15.2 19.8 17.8 8.1
1 239 16 943 3 785 5 428 5 377 2 107 247
6.3 20 166 17.1 100 620 13.2 28 406 16.7 32 470 21.8 25 651 19.4 11 204 9.1 2 889
1 010 15 248 3 369 4 822 4 815 1 998 243
5.0 15.2 11.9 14.9 18.8 17.8 8.4
1 152 16 792 3 720 5 293 5 305 2 193 281
5.7 16.7 13.1 16.3 20.7 19.6 9.7
Men, 16 Years And Over ..................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
60 973 9 927 51 046 15 656 16 768 11 874 5 404 1 343
9 850 637 9 213 2 112 3 055 2 771 1 177 98
16.2 6.4 18.0 13.5 18.2 23.3 21.8 7.3
10 638 719 9 919 2 301 3 264 2 982 1 265 108
17.4 7.2 19.4 14.7 19.5 25.1 23.4 8.0
61 914 10 116 51 797 15 330 17 020 12 395 5 622 1 431
9 949 716 9 232 2 142 2 993 2 800 1 186 111
16.1 7.1 17.8 14.0 17.6 22.6 21.1 7.7
10 758 781 9 977 2 325 3 241 3 026 1 267 118
17.4 7.7 19.3 15.2 19.0 24.4 22.5 8.2
62 853 10 440 52 412 15 197 17 028 12 898 5 770 1 519
9 578 618 8 960 2 030 2 871 2 739 1 191 129
15.2 5.9 17.1 13.4 16.9 21.2 20.6 8.5
10 355 697 9 657 2 207 3 077 2 956 1 268 148
16.5 6.7 18.4 14.5 18.1 22.9 22.0 9.8
Women, 16 Years And Over ............... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
55 757 9 237 46 520 13 464 15 097 11 705 5 023 1 231
6 362 377 5 985 1 219 1 958 1 967 746 95
11.4 4.1 12.9 9.1 13.0 16.8 14.9 7.7
7 280 432 6 848 1 410 2 248 2 238 845 106
13.1 4.7 14.7 10.5 14.9 19.1 16.8 8.6
57 050 9 489 47 560 13 327 15 418 12 270 5 258 1 287
6 528 393 6 135 1 273 1 924 2 081 746 110
11.4 4.1 12.9 9.6 12.5 17.0 14.2 8.5
7 425 458 6 966 1 460 2 187 2 351 839 129
13.0 4.8 14.6 11.0 14.2 19.2 16.0 10.0
57 933 9 726 48 207 13 209 15 441 12 752 5 434 1 370
6 680 392 6 288 1 340 1 951 2 077 807 114
11.5 4.0 13.0 10.1 12.6 16.3 14.9 8.3
7 590 455 7 135 1 513 2 215 2 348 925 133
13.1 4.7 14.8 11.5 14.3 18.4 17.0 9.7
White, 16 Years And Over 3 ................ Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
97 531 51 700 45 831
13 118 8 166 4 952
13.5 15.8 10.8
14 460 8 788 5 673
14.8 17.0 12.4
99 147 52 492 46 655
13 349 8 246 5 103
13.5 15.7 10.9
14 668 8 896 5 771
14.8 100 455 16.9 53 105 12.4 47 350
13 094 7 911 5 183
13.0 14.9 10.9
14 453 8 541 5 912
14.4 16.1 12.5
Black, 16 Years And Over 3 ................ Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
13 894 6 452 7 443
2 460 1 337 1 123
17.7 20.7 15.1
2 739 1 458 1 282
19.7 22.6 17.2
14 346 6 585 7 760
2 463 1 348 1 116
17.2 20.5 14.4
2 757 1 464 1 293
19.2 22.2 16.7
14 544 6 701 7 843
2 489 1 282 1 208
17.1 19.1 15.4
2 744 1 388 1 356
18.9 20.7 17.3
Hispanic, 16 Years And Over ............. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
12 374 7 360 5 015
1 471 937 534
11.9 12.7 10.6
1 634 1 017 617
13.2 13.8 12.3
12 810 7 457 5 353
1 525 966 559
11.9 13.0 10.4
1 684 1 052 632
13.1 14.1 11.8
13 609 7 884 5 725
1 554 972 582
11.4 12.3 10.2
1 740 1 063 677
12.8 13.5 11.8
Full-Time Workers ...............................
95 595
14 825
15.5
16 323
17.1
97 626
14 974
15.3
16 501
16.9
99 917
14 822
14.8
16 306
16.3
Part-Time Workers ..............................
20 862
1 354
6.5
1 559
7.5
21 065
1 459
6.9
1 634
7.8
20 619
1 395
6.8
1 593
7.7
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS 4
1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as their main race. 4The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. Data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
421
Table 10-2. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, 1998–2003—Continued (Numbers in thousands, percent.) 2001
Characteristics
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
2002 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
2003 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
SEX AND AGE TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ........... 122 482
16 387
13.4
18 114
14.8 121 826
16 145
13.3
17 695
14.5 122 358
15 776
12.9
17 448
14.3
16 to 24 years ........................................ 19 698 25 years and over .................................. 102 784 25 to 34 years .................................... 28 809 35 to 44 years .................................... 31 962 45 to 54 years .................................... 26 909 55 to 64 years .................................... 12 032 65 years and over .............................. 3 072
1 015 15 372 3 264 4 733 5 068 2 063 243
5.2 15.0 11.3 14.8 18.8 17.1 7.9
1 184 16 930 3 659 5 191 5 543 2 265 272
6.0 19 216 16.5 102 610 12.7 28 232 16.2 31 253 20.6 27 040 18.8 12 952 8.9 3 133
995 15 151 3 172 4 455 5 016 2 256 251
5.2 14.8 11.2 14.3 18.6 17.4 8.0
1 126 16 569 3 522 4 859 5 446 2 456 285
5.9 18 904 16.1 103 454 12.5 28 179 15.5 30 714 20.1 27 567 19.0 13 633 9.1 3 361
966 14 810 3 097 4 308 4 848 2 300 258
5.1 14.3 11.0 14.0 17.6 16.9 7.7
1 124 16 324 3 455 4 717 5 307 2 547 297
5.9 15.8 12.3 15.4 19.3 18.7 8.8
Men, 16 Years And Over ..................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
63 756 10 137 53 619 15 627 16 657 13 561 6 168 1 605
9 578 607 8 971 1 983 2 821 2 840 1 195 131
15.0 6.0 16.7 12.7 16.9 20.9 19.4 8.1
10 410 704 9 706 2 169 3 028 3 070 1 292 148
16.3 6.9 18.1 13.9 18.2 22.6 20.9 9.2
63 272 9 857 53 415 15 284 16 355 13 578 6 570 1 627
9 325 616 8 709 1 877 2 631 2 784 1 281 136
14.7 6.3 16.3 12.3 16.1 20.5 19.5 8.4
10 066 687 9 379 2 061 2 805 2 982 1 376 155
15.9 7.0 17.6 13.5 17.1 22.0 21.0 9.5
63 236 9 683 53 553 15 263 16 080 13 723 6 776 1 710
9 044 595 8 450 1 826 2 535 2 684 1 271 133
14.3 6.1 15.8 12.0 15.8 19.6 18.8 7.8
9 848 685 9 163 2 005 2 735 2 891 1 377 155
15.6 7.1 17.1 13.1 17.0 21.1 20.3 9.0
Women, 16 Years And Over ............... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
58 726 9 561 49 166 13 181 15 305 13 349 5 864 1 467
6 809 409 6 400 1 281 1 912 2 227 868 113
11.6 4.3 13.0 9.7 12.5 16.7 14.8 7.7
7 704 480 7 224 1 490 2 163 2 474 973 124
13.1 5.0 14.7 11.3 14.1 18.5 16.6 8.5
58 555 9 359 49 196 12 948 14 898 13 462 6 383 1 506
6 820 378 6 441 1 295 1 825 2 232 975 115
11.6 4.0 13.1 10.0 12.2 16.6 15.3 7.6
7 629 439 7 190 1 461 2 055 2 464 1 080 130
13.0 4.7 14.6 11.3 13.8 18.3 16.9 8.6
59 122 9 221 49 901 12 916 14 634 13 844 6 857 1 651
6 732 371 6 360 1 270 1 773 2 163 1 029 125
11.4 4.0 12.7 9.8 12.1 15.6 15.0 7.6
7 601 439 7 161 1 451 1 982 2 416 1 170 142
12.9 4.8 14.4 11.2 13.5 17.5 17.1 8.6
White, 16 Years And Over 3 ................ 101 546 Men ....................................................... 53 731 Women .................................................. 47 815
13 209 7 909 5 300
13.0 14.7 11.1
14 574 8 585 5 989
14.4 100 923 16.0 53 198 12.5 47 725
12 958 7 689 5 269
12.8 14.5 11.0
14 178 8 284 5 894
14.0 100 589 15.6 52 827 12.3 47 762
12 535 7 378 5 157
12.5 14.0 10.8
13 849 8 016 5 834
13.8 15.2 12.2
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Black, 16 Years And Over 3 ................ Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
14 261 6 488 7 773
2 409 1 221 1 188
16.9 18.8 15.3
2 668 1 330 1 338
18.7 20.5 17.2
14 108 6 493 7 615
2 386 1 183 1 204
16.9 18.2 15.8
2 624 1 281 1 343
18.6 19.7 17.6
13 928 6 302 7 626
2 298 1 153 1 145
16.5 18.3 15.0
2 540 1 249 1 291
18.2 19.8 16.9
Hispanic, 16 Years And Over ............. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
15 174 8 997 6 177
1 679 1 032 647
11.1 11.5 10.5
1 876 1 136 740
12.4 12.6 12.0
15 486 9 098 6 387
1 639 1 006 633
10.6 11.1 9.9
1 810 1 100 710
11.7 12.1 11.1
16 068 9 567 6 501
1 712 1 050 662
10.7 11.0 10.2
1 913 1 160 753
11.9 12.1 11.6
Full-Time Workers ............................... 101 187
14 921
14.7
16 445
16.3 100 081
14 622
14.6
16 005
16.0 100 302
14 263
14.2
15 732
15.7
1 437
6.8
1 637
1 492
6.9
1 654
1 479
6.8
1 679
7.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS 4
Part-Time Workers ..............................
21 057
7.8
21 513
7.7
21 809
Note: Data for 2003 have been revised to incorporate changes to the class of worker status associated with the introduction of the 2002 Census industry and occupational classication systems into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Estimates for the above race groups (white and black) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as "Hispanic or Latino" may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as race. Data refer to the sole or pricipal job of full and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardles of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as their main race. 4The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. Data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
422
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-3. Union Affiliation of Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, 2002–2003 (Thousands of people, percent.) 2002 Members of unions 1 Characteristics
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
2003 Members of unions 1
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations ................... Management, business, and financial operations .................... Management ........................................................................ Business and financial operations ........................................ Professional and related .......................................................... Computer and mathematical ................................................ Architecture and engineering ............................................... Life, physical, and social science ......................................... Community and social services ............................................ Legal .................................................................................... Education, training, and library ............................................. Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .................... Healthcare practitioner and technical ...................................
40 610 15 553 10 799 4 754 25 057 2 938 2 573 1 164 2 116 1 162 7 352 1 928 5 825
5 384 838 521 317 4 546 119 200 117 361 61 2 799 164 725
13.3 5.4 4.8 6.7 18.1 4.0 7.8 10.0 17.1 5.3 38.1 8.5 12.5
6 153 1 003 627 375 5 150 157 222 142 409 79 3 124 196 822
15.2 6.4 5.8 7.9 20.6 5.4 8.6 12.2 19.3 6.8 42.5 10.2 14.1
40 883 15 465 10 713 4 753 25 418 2 947 2 592 1 203 2 118 1 134 7 584 1 879 5 961
5 331 727 436 291 4 604 154 202 108 351 54 2 861 140 733
13.0 4.7 4.1 6.1 18.1 5.2 7.8 9.0 16.6 4.8 37.7 7.5 12.3
6 130 882 546 336 5 248 197 240 136 395 65 3 207 157 853
15.0 5.7 5.1 7.1 20.6 6.7 9.2 11.3 18.6 5.7 42.3 8.4 14.3
Service occupations ..................................................................... Healthcare support ................................................................... Protective service ..................................................................... Food preparation and serving related ...................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .................... Personal care and service ........................................................ Sales and office ............................................................................ Sales and related ..................................................................... Office and administrative support ............................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ...................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ................................................... Construction and extraction ..................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair ....................................... Production, transportation, and material moving .......................... Production ................................................................................ Transportation and material moving .........................................
19 766 2 564 2 670 6 811 4 497 3 224 32 249 13 341 18 909 11 517 976 6 354 4 188 17 684 9 716 7 968
2 352 317 981 281 531 242 2 616 504 2 111 2 359 45 1 473 841 3 435 1 780 1 655
11.9 12.4 36.7 4.1 11.8 7.5 8.1 3.8 11.2 20.5 4.6 23.2 20.1 19.4 18.3 20.8
2 570 339 1 036 328 596 271 2 879 554 2 324 2 462 48 1 529 885 3 631 1 868 1 763
13.0 13.2 38.8 4.8 13.3 8.4 8.9 4.2 12.3 21.4 4.9 24.1 21.1 20.5 19.2 22.1
20 183 2 824 2 699 7 150 4 426 3 084 32 323 13 378 18 945 11 894 921 6 412 4 560 17 074 9 261 7 814
2 318 312 974 292 490 251 2 642 533 2 109 2 288 33 1 394 862 3 196 1 624 1 572
11.5 11.0 36.1 4.1 11.1 8.1 8.2 4.0 11.1 19.2 3.5 21.7 18.9 18.7 17.5 20.1
2 562 341 1 038 347 550 286 2 974 599 2 375 2 409 38 1 457 913 3 374 1 710 1 664
12.7 12.1 38.5 4.9 12.4 9.3 9.2 4.5 12.5 20.3 4.1 22.7 20.0 19.8 18.5 21.3
Private sector ............................................................................... Agriculture and related industries ............................................. Nonagricultural industries ......................................................... Mining ................................................................................... Construction ......................................................................... Manufacturing ...................................................................... Durable goods .................................................................. Nondurable goods ............................................................ Wholesale and retail trade ................................................... Wholesale trade ............................................................... Retail trade ....................................................................... Transportation and utilities ................................................... Transportation and warehousing ...................................... Utilities ..............................................................................
102 153 1 126 101 027 446 7 080 16 387 10 235 6 151 17 653 3 619 14 034 5 186 4 266 919
8 800 31 8 769 39 1 179 2 399 1 592 807 1 040 182 858 1 283 1 050 233
8.6 2.8 8.7 8.7 16.7 14.6 15.6 13.1 5.9 5.0 6.1 24.7 24.6 25.4
9 535 34 9 501 45 1 222 2 521 1 664 857 1 111 192 919 1 343 1 099 244
9.3 3.0 9.4 10.1 17.3 15.4 16.3 13.9 6.3 5.3 6.5 25.9 25.8 26.6
102 648 1 089 101 559 504 7 126 16 130 10 049 6 081 18 343 3 878 14 466 4 942 4 081 861
8 452 17 8 435 46 1 139 2 173 1 411 762 1 130 197 933 1 294 1 051 243
8.2 1.6 8.3 9.1 16.0 13.5 14.0 12.5 6.2 5.1 6.4 26.2 25.8 28.2
9 264 23 9 241 53 1 188 2 314 1 497 817 1 210 213 997 1 350 1 094 256
9.0 2.1 9.1 10.5 16.7 14.3 14.9 13.4 6.6 5.5 6.9 27.3 26.8 29.8
Information 3 ......................................................................... Publishing, except Internet ............................................... Motion pictures and sound recording ............................... Broadcasting, except Internet .......................................... Telecommunications ........................................................ Financial activities ................................................................ Finance and insurance ..................................................... Finance ........................................................................ Insurance ..................................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ...................................
3 334 815 310 515 1 398 8 251 6 162 3 972 2 190 2 089
487 73 44 39 323 164 92 52 40 73
14.6 9.0 14.3 7.6 23.1 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.8 3.5
532 84 52 48 339 206 125 75 50 81
16.0 10.4 16.9 9.2 24.3 2.5 2.0 1.9 2.3 3.9
3 297 781 333 489 1 414 8 360 6 246 4 079 2 167 2 114
448 58 40 45 296 176 98 63 35 77
13.6 7.4 12.0 9.2 21.0 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 3.7
481 60 46 48 316 237 142 96 47 95
14.6 7.7 13.8 9.7 22.3 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 4.5
INDUSTRY
1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Includes other industries, not shown separately.
423
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
Table 10-3. Union Affiliation of Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, 2002–2003—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) 2002 Members of unions 1 Characteristics
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
2003 Members of unions 1
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
INDUSTRY—Continued Professional and business services ..................................... Professional and technical services ................................. Management, administrative, and waste services ........... Education and health services ......................................... Educational services ........................................................ Health care and social assistance .................................... Leisure and hospitality ......................................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation .................................. Accommodation and food services .................................. Accommodation ........................................................... Food services and drinking places ............................... Other services 3 .................................................................... Other services, except private households ...................... Public sector ............................................................................. Federal goverment ............................................................... State government ................................................................. Local government .................................................................
10 916 6 493 4 423 16 088 3 160 12 928 10 286 1 904 8 382 1 394 6 988 5 400 4 629 19 673 3 318 5 637 10 719
293 98 195 1 372 433 940 313 122 191 107 85 200 193 7 346 1 068 1 745 4 533
2.7 1.5 4.4 8.5 13.7 7.3 3.0 6.4 2.3 7.6 1.2 3.7 4.2 37.3 32.2 31.0 42.3
355 129 226 1 558 504 1 055 370 137 233 116 117 236 227 8 160 1 236 1 972 4 952
3.3 2.0 5.1 9.7 15.9 8.2 3.6 7.2 2.8 8.3 1.7 4.4 4.9 41.5 37.3 35.0 46.2
10 588 6 146 4 443 16 635 3 062 13 573 10 207 1 764 8 443 1 396 7 046 5 425 4 645 19 710 3 247 5 636 10 827
243 88 155 1 324 371 953 281 95 187 116 70 181 174 7 324 1 004 1 706 4 614
2.3 1.4 3.5 8.0 12.1 7.0 2.8 5.4 2.2 8.3 1.0 3.3 3.8 37.2 30.9 30.3 42.6
312 125 187 1 560 452 1 108 333 111 222 126 96 203 196 8 185 1 196 1 929 5 060
2.9 2.0 4.2 9.4 14.8 8.2 3.3 6.3 2.6 9.0 1.4 3.7 4.2 41.5 36.8 34.2 46.7
Note: Data for 2002 have been revised to incorporate changes to the class of worker status associated with the introduction of the 2002 Census industry and occupational classification systems into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Occupations and industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational and industry classification systems derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system and the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Includes other industries, not shown separately.
424
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-4. Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2002–2003 (Dollars.) 2002 Characteristics
Members of unions 1
Total
2003
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
Members of unions 1
Total
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations ........................ Management ............................................................................. Business and financial operations ............................................ Professional and related ............................................................... Computer and mathematical .................................................... Architecture and engineering .................................................... Life, physical, and social science ............................................. Community and social services ................................................ Legal ......................................................................................... Education, training, and library ................................................. Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ........................ Healthcare practitioner and technical .......................................
859 922 982 797 823 1 026 1 009 873 658 996 740 740 794
864 911 955 862 858 972 995 916 822 991 845 872 846
857 924 984 856 848 959 995 933 797 960 832 823 848
859 922 982 790 811 1 033 1 012 854 621 999 645 732 784
887 961 1 023 842 845 1 049 1 053 891 686 1 051 754 745 816
896 985 1 102 864 885 963 1 037 944 848 1 362 864 947 877
892 994 1 109 873 879 979 1 028 945 832 1 317 854 933 876
886 959 1 019 839 833 1 057 1 058 876 650 1 032 644 734 801
Service occupations ......................................................................... Healthcare support ....................................................................... Protective service ......................................................................... Food preparation and serving related ........................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ......................... Personal care and service ............................................................ Sales and office ................................................................................ Sales and related .......................................................................... Office and administrative support ................................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance .......................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ....................................................... Construction and extraction .......................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair ............................................ Production, transportation, and material moving .............................. Production .................................................................................... Transportation and material moving .............................................
396 393 659 334 378 383 527 592 511 597 340 589 663 511 508 514
600 418 818 409 499 507 625 594 629 825
592 419 811 402 495 510 622 588 625 817
372 388 542 330 360 373 517 593 498 540 334 523 619 483 485 481
403 400 630 349 390 391 545 598 523 608 369 599 673 519 519 520
606 452 857 415 503 532 629 597 639 851
596 452 850 410 498 520 624 601 632 843
382 394 510 344 372 381 530 598 510 558 365 531 622 493 495 490
580 365 583 800 568 617 641 581 509 618 480 630 602 818
603 397 605 797 615 637 668 597 533 670 497 704 668 899
750 691 725 681 839 668 703 716 682 592
776 690 704 724 857 691 728 726 731 604
(3)
(3)
824 842 659 634 692
816 834 653 628 682
(3)
(3)
851 858 688 670 710
840 856 684 665 704
INDUSTRY Private sector .................................................................................... Agriculture and related industries ................................................. Nonagricultural industries ............................................................. Mining ....................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing ........................................................................... Durable goods ...................................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade ........................................................ Wholesale trade .................................................................... Retail trade ........................................................................... Transportation and utilities ....................................................... Transportation and warehousing .......................................... Utilities ..................................................................................
591 367 593 786 605 622 647 587 511 619 483 682 642 849
Information 4 ............................................................................. Publishing, except Internet ................................................... Motion pictures and sound recording ................................... Broadcasting, except Internet ............................................... Telecommunications ............................................................. Financial activities .................................................................... Finance and insurance ......................................................... Finance ............................................................................. Insurance .......................................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing .......................................
764 694 749 692 836 667 702 715 681 592
1Data 2Data
699
691
(3)
(3)
700
692
(3)
(3)
846 654 673 613 558 622 530 809 791 896
837 652 672 611 549 627 521 807 788 898
832 738
826 726
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
834 634 667
830 622 661 666
(3) (3)
607
(3)
595
717
713
(3)
(3)
718 884 689 714 635 590 694 562 817 782 965
713 783 873 689 712 637 586 689 554 816 780 979
868 740
862 747
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
877 618 607 614
875 625 623 640
(3)
(3)
(3)
642
630
592 396 595 799 580 626 655 590 528 668 494 653 620 857 758 684 669 703 848 694 732 730 734 603
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Includes other industries, not shown separately. 4Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
425
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
Table 10-4. Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2002–2003—Continued (Dollars.) 2002 Characteristics
Members of unions 1
Total
2003
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
Members of unions 1
Total
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
INDUSTRY—Continued Professional and business services ......................................... Professional and technical services ..................................... Management, administrative, and waste services ................ Education and health services .............................................. Educational services ............................................................. Health care and social assistance ........................................ Leisure and hospitality .............................................................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................................... Accommodation and food services ....................................... Accommodation ................................................................ Food services and drinking places ................................... Other services 4 ........................................................................ Other services, except private households ........................... Public sector ................................................................................. Federal goverment ................................................................... State government ..................................................................... Local government .....................................................................
696 881 468 582 683 554 392 499 371 411 358 498 520 705 792 676 684
654 880 558 666 767 602 487 588 434 459 397 688 702 769 779 737 781
653 863 556 665 748 606 483 564 433 469 390 654 664 766 786 735 773
698 882 462 572 662 547 387 492 368 405 357 491 514 637 804 633 595
692 885 486 598 681 582 400 492 385 435 371 515 544 728 818 702 709
699 897 640 670 756 627 497 546 478 485 467 726 730 801 809 764 814
691 911 617 684 760 639 485 529 470 482 456 709 720 795 816 759 803
692 884 482 590 659 577 395 489 381 423 369 510 533 656 821 652 606
Note: Data for 2002 have been revised to incorporate changes to the class of worker status associated with the introduction of the 2002 Census industry and occupational classification systems into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Occupations and industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational and industry classification systems derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system and the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Includes other industries, not shown separately. 4Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
426
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-5. Wage and Salary Employees Who Were Union or Employee Association Members, 1977–2003
Year
Wage and salary employees who were union or employee association members (thousands)
Total wage and salary employment (thousands)
Union or association members as a percent of wage and salary employment
1977 ............................................................................................ 1978 ............................................................................................ 1979 ............................................................................................
19 335 19 548 20 986
81 334 84 968 87 117
23.8 23.0 24.1
1980 ............................................................................................ 1981 ............................................................................................ 1982 ............................................................................................ 1983 1 ......................................................................................... 1984 ............................................................................................
20 095 ... ... 17 717 17 340
87 480 ... ... 88 290 92 194
23.0 ... ... 20.1 18.8
1985 ............................................................................................ 1986 ............................................................................................ 1987 ............................................................................................ 1988 ............................................................................................ 1989 ............................................................................................
16 996 16 975 16 913 17 002 16 980
94 521 96 903 99 303 101 407 103 480
18.0 17.5 17.0 16.8 16.4
1990 ............................................................................................ 1991 ............................................................................................ 1992 ............................................................................................ 1993 ............................................................................................ 1994 2 .........................................................................................
16 740 16 568 16 390 16 598 16 748
103 905 102 786 103 688 105 087 107 989
16.1 16.1 15.8 15.8 15.5
1995 ............................................................................................ 1996 ............................................................................................ 1997 ............................................................................................ 1998 ............................................................................................ 1999 ............................................................................................
16 360 16 269 16 110 16 211 16 477
110 038 111 960 114 533 116 730 118 963
14.9 14.5 14.1 13.9 13.9
2000 ............................................................................................ 2001 ............................................................................................ 2002 ............................................................................................ 2003 ............................................................................................
16 258 16 387 16 145 15 776
120 786 122 482 121 826 122 358
13.5 13.4 13.3 12.9
1Annual average data beginning in 1983 are not directly comparable with the May data for 1977–1980. 2Data beginning in 1994 are not strictly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the
collection methodology and the introduction of 1990 census-based population controls. . . . = Not available.
introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey questionnaire and
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
427
Table 10-6. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by State, 2002–2003 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) 2002 State
2003
Members of unions 1 Total employed
Percent of employed
Total
Represented by unions 2 Percent of employed
Total
Members of unions 1 Total employed
Percent of employed
Total
Represented by unions 2 Percent of employed
Total
U.S. TOTAL ......................................................
121 826
16 145
13.3
17 695
14.5
122 358
15 776
12.9
17 448
14.3
Alabama ............................................................ Alaska ............................................................... Arizona .............................................................. Arkansas ........................................................... California ...........................................................
1 758 261 2 183 1 062 13 955
160 64 121 63 2 444
9.1 24.4 5.5 5.9 17.5
186 70 144 72 2 619
10.6 26.9 6.6 6.7 18.8
1 822 265 2 191 1 035 14 350
147 59 113 50 2 414
8.1 22.3 5.2 4.8 16.8
172 65 140 61 2 647
9.5 24.6 6.4 5.9 18.4
Colorado ........................................................... Connecticut ....................................................... Delaware ........................................................... District of Columbia ........................................... Florida ...............................................................
1 996 1 534 369 260 6 680
157 258 40 36 383
7.9 16.8 10.9 13.9 5.7
180 271 44 46 503
9.0 17.7 11.8 17.8 7.5
2 007 1 489 366 268 6 652
156 229 42 39 407
7.8 15.4 11.4 14.6 6.1
180 244 46 46 557
9.0 16.4 12.5 17.2 8.4
Georgia ............................................................. Hawaii ............................................................... Idaho ................................................................. Illinois ................................................................ Indiana ..............................................................
3 630 490 543 5 445 2 814
219 120 38 1 069 376
6.0 24.5 6.9 19.6 13.4
255 124 47 1 119 408
7.0 25.3 8.7 20.6 14.5
3 703 511 548 5 399 2 768
249 122 39 967 327
6.7 23.8 7.0 17.9 11.8
298 127 47 1 003 352
8.0 24.8 8.6 18.6 12.7
Iowa .................................................................. Kansas .............................................................. Kentucky ........................................................... Louisiana .......................................................... Maine ................................................................
1 389 1 216 1 639 1 650 581
154 100 165 138 75
11.1 8.2 10.1 8.4 13.0
190 120 185 170 87
13.7 9.9 11.3 10.3 15.0
1 365 1 204 1 681 1 685 567
157 96 175 109 73
11.5 7.9 10.4 6.5 12.8
196 124 216 132 81
14.4 10.3 12.8 7.9 14.3
Maryland ........................................................... Massachusetts .................................................. Michigan ........................................................... Minnesota ......................................................... Mississippi ........................................................
2 460 2 999 4 335 2 500 1 049
354 427 911 440 70
14.4 14.2 21.0 17.6 6.7
411 464 947 458 86
16.7 15.5 21.8 18.3 8.2
2 481 2 925 4 188 2 435 1 117
354 416 919 414 55
14.3 14.2 21.9 17.0 5.0
410 454 968 441 73
16.5 15.5 23.1 18.1 6.6
Missouri ............................................................ Montana ............................................................ Nebraska .......................................................... Nevada ............................................................. New Hampshire ................................................
2 508 361 790 970 613
332 51 64 148 60
13.2 14.2 8.1 15.3 9.8
366 56 89 162 68
14.6 15.5 11.2 16.7 11.2
2 546 360 819 943 607
336 50 64 136 56
13.2 14.0 7.9 14.4 9.3
363 54 87 149 69
14.2 14.9 10.6 15.8 11.3
New Jersey ....................................................... New Mexico ...................................................... New York .......................................................... North Carolina ................................................... North Dakota .....................................................
3 872 720 7 828 3 424 291
757 49 1 981 116 24
19.6 6.8 25.3 3.4 8.2
797 61 2 071 138 28
20.6 8.5 26.5 4.0 9.8
3 777 741 7 874 3 576 284
737 57 1 936 111 21
19.5 7.6 24.6 3.1 7.3
801 70 2 017 135 26
21.2 9.5 25.6 3.8 9.0
Ohio .................................................................. Oklahoma ......................................................... Oregon .............................................................. Pennsylvania .................................................... Rhode Island .....................................................
5 118 1 420 1 457 5 452 471
859 128 226 851 81
16.8 9.0 15.5 15.6 17.3
916 151 239 906 84
17.9 10.6 16.4 16.6 17.9
5 100 1 406 1 466 5 261 494
850 96 230 794 84
16.7 6.8 15.7 15.1 17.0
923 111 240 847 86
18.1 7.9 16.4 16.1 17.5
South Carolina .................................................. South Dakota .................................................... Tennessee ........................................................ Texas ................................................................ Utah ..................................................................
1 646 349 2 465 8 802 971
80 19 223 452 61
4.9 5.6 9.1 5.1 6.3
100 24 258 570 73
6.1 6.9 10.5 6.5 7.6
1 689 353 2 384 9 072 1 015
71 19 179 508 53
4.2 5.4 7.5 5.6 5.2
90 23 218 621 69
5.3 6.4 9.2 6.8 6.8
Vermont ............................................................ Virginia .............................................................. Washington ....................................................... West Virginia ..................................................... Wisconsin .........................................................
289 3 205 2 548 692 2 549
28 194 472 92 397
9.6 6.0 18.5 13.3 15.6
32 251 510 97 418
11.1 7.8 20.0 14.1 16.4
281 3 243 2 539 671 2 613
27 210 502 88 414
9.7 6.5 19.7 13.1 15.9
33 251 531 95 438
11.7 7.7 20.9 14.2 16.8
Wyoming ...........................................................
219
17
7.8
22
9.9
224
18
8.0
22
9.8
Note: Data for 2002 have been revised to incorporate changes to the class of worker status associated with the introduction of the 2002 Census industry and occupational classification systems into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full and part-time workers. Excluded are self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their business are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
PART ELEVEN FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS HIGHLIGHTS This chapter compares several summary statistics of labor force status, manufacturing productivity, and consumer prices from the United States with other countries. Different concepts and methodologies make comparison difficult and BLS makes such adjustments as it can to reconcile some of the data. There are lags in receipt of the data from other countries, so comparisons here are based on the latest data available.
Percentage Change in Output per Hour, Output, and Hours for Manufacturing, Selected Countries, 2002–2003 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 Output per hour
Output US
Japan
Korea
Hours Taiwan
Korea’s increase in manufacturing productivity was higher than the United States, 9.0 percent compared with 6.9 percent, reversing the position of the previous year. However, the United States increase was still substantially above its historic growth rate. Total hours for both Korea and the United States declined but the growth in output in Korea was more than twice that of the United States, 4.8 percent compared with 1.7 percent. Taiwan had the fastest increase in output, 5.8 percent but hours also increased, lowering the productivity increase to 3.7 percent. (Table 11-2.) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • In 2003, the United States and Canada had the highest labor force participation rates at 66.2 percent and 67.3 percent, respectively. Also in 2003, unemployment rates were about the same for the United States and Australia, around the 6.0 percent mark. However, in Canada, the rate was substantially higher at 6.9 percent. (Table 11-1) • Inflation was moderate in the measured 16 countries. In 2003, Japan continued to have small decreases in the Consumer Price Index as it had for the previous four years. (Table 11-5) • Unit labor cost increases (in national currency) ranged from .35 percent in Korea to 4.2 percent in Italy. In several countries including Japan, Taiwan, and Sweden unit labor costs decreased in 2003. (Table 11-2) • The differences between the national currency unit labor cost and the measure in U.S. dollars are substantial. In several European countries the increase from 2002 to 2003 is over 20 percent. This is the result of the depreciation of the dollar, which raises the currency of the other countries. (Table 11-2) • The United States had the second highest increase in hourly compensation at 8.5 percent. Korea was highest with 14.7 percent. (Table 11-2) 431
432
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage From its inception, BLS has conducted a program of research and statistical analysis to compare labor conditions in the United States and selected foreign countries. The principal comparative measures cover the labor force, employment and unemployment; trends in labor productivity and unit labor costs in manufacturing; and hourly compensation costs for manufacturing production workers. All of the measures are based upon statistical data and other source materials from (a) the statistical agencies of the foreign countries studied; (b) international and supranational bodies such as the United Nations, the International Labour Office (ILO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT), which attempt to obtain comparable country data; and (c) other secondary sources. International statistical comparisons should be used cautiously because statistical concepts and methods in each country are fashioned primarily to meet domestic rather than international needs. Wherever possible, the Bureau adjusts the data to improve comparability. The first table provides the Bureau’s comparative measures of the civilian labor force participation rate, employment, and unemployment approximating U.S. concepts. The second table provides trend indexes of manufacturing labor productivity (output per hour), hourly compensation, unit labor costs (labor compensation per unit of output), and related measures for the United States and 13 other countries. The next table is limited to production workers in manufacturing and shows hourly compensation costs in U.S. dollars for the United States and 29 other countries.
The final table provides consumer price indexes for selected countries. No adjustments for comparability are made in the total indexes except to convert them to a uniform base year (1982–1984=100). United States and Canada U.S. data in this chapter have been revised from 1998 forward and are based for the first time on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Output, a value-added measure, is based on a new methodology that balances and reconciles industry production with commodity usage. Canadian data are also on a NAICS basis for 1997 onward. Labor productivity is defined as real output per hour worked. Although the labor productivity measure presented in this release relates output to the hours worked of persons employed in manufacturing, it does not measure the specific contributions of labor as a single factor of production. Rather, it reflects the joint effects of many influences, including new technology, capital investment, capacity utilization, energy use, and managerial skills, as well as the skills and efforts of the workforce. Unit labor costs are defined as the cost of labor input required to produce one unit of output. They are computed as compensation in nominal terms divided by real output. Sources of Additional Information More information is in BLS news release USDL 04-1945. An extensive description of the methodology can be found in the BLS Handbook of Methods, April 1997.
433
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
Table 11-1. Employment Status of the Working-Age Population, Approximating U.S. Concepts, 10 Countries, 1965–2003 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Year and category
United States
Canada1
Australia
Japan
France
Germany 2
Netherlands
Italy
Sweden
United Kingdom
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
58.9 59.2 59.6 59.6 60.1
56.5 57.3 57.6 57.6 57.9
59.9 60.6 61.2 61.2 61.4
64.4 64.6 64.8 64.9 64.6
57.4 57.3 57.4 57.1 57.3
58.7 58.2 57.0 56.9 57.0
51.4 50.0 50.2 49.7 49.3
... ... ... ... ...
64.1 64.2 63.3 63.8 63.8
62.4 62.3 62.0 61.6 61.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
60.4 60.2
57.8 58.1 58.6 59.7 60.5
62.1 62.2 62.3 62.6 63.0
64.5 64.3 63.8 64.0 63.1
57.5 57.4 57.2 57.3 57.4
56.9 56.5 56.2 56.3 55.7
49.0 48.7 47.7 47.6 47.7
... ... ... 53.4 53.5
64.0 64.2 64.1 64.1 64.8
61.1 60.4 60.8 62.4 62.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
61.2 61.6 62.3 363.2 63.7
61.1
62.8 63.6 64.4
63.2 62.7 62.7 61.9 61.6
62.4 62.4 62.5 62.8 62.7
57.2 57.5 57.8 57.7 57.8
55.0 54.6 54.4 54.4 54.5
47.7 48.0 48.2 47.8 48.0
54.5 54.1 54.2 54.0 54.2
65.9 66.0 65.9 66.1 66.6
62.6 62.7 62.7 62.8 62.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
63.8 63.9 64.0 64.0 64.4
64.9 65.6 64.8 65.1 65.4
62.1 61.9 61.7 61.4 61.5
62.6 62.6 62.7 63.1 62.7
357.5
54.7 54.7 54.6 54.4
48.2 48.3 47.7 47.5 47.3
55.4 56.7 56.6
57.2 57.2
354.3
66.9 66.8 66.8 66.7 66.6
62.5 62.3 61.9 61.6 362.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
64.8 365.3 65.6 65.9 66.5
65.9 66.3 66.7 67.0 67.4
61.7 362.8 62.9 63.3 64.1
62.3 62.1 61.9 61.9 62.2
56.8 56.7 56.5 56.2 56.1
54.7 54.9 55.0 55.1 55.2
47.2 347.8 47.6 47.4 47.3
55.5 56.0 56.3 354.4 54.7
366.4
66.9 67.0
62.6 62.6 62.9 63.5 64.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
366.5
67.3 66.7 65.9 65.5 65.2
64.7 64.2 63.9 63.5 63.9
62.6 63.2 63.4 63.3 63.1
356.0
47.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
66.6 66.8
64.9 64.7 65.0 65.4 65.8
64.5 64.6 64.3 64.3 64.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
367.1
66.8 66.6 366.2
65.9 66.0 66.8 67.3
4.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 4.9 5.9
360.4 360.8
61.2
66.2 66.4 66.3 366.6
367.1 367.1 367.1
362.5
57.5 57.5
55.7
66.9 67.3
55.9
358.8
347.7
47.5 347.9 47.3
56.3 56.6 57.5 57.9 58.6
67.3 67.0 65.7 64.5 63.7
363.1
55.4 55.5
58.1 57.8 57.4
62.9 63.0 63.2 62.8 62.4
55.4 55.6 55.5 55.9 56.3
57.1 57.1 57.3 57.7 356.8
47.1 47.1 47.2 47.6 47.8
58.8 59.2 60.8 61.1 62.6
64.1 64.0 63.3 62.8 62.8
62.4 62.4 62.6 62.5 62.9
64.4 64.4 64.4 64.6
62.0 61.6 60.8 60.3
56.6 56.8 57.0 57.0
56.6 56.6 56.3 56.1
48.1 48.3 48.6 48.8
64.5 65.8 65.0 64.6
63.8 63.7 64.0 64.0
62.9 62.7 62.9 62.9
3.6 3.4 3.8 4.5 4.4
1.3 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8
1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1
1.6 1.6 2.1 2.7 2.3
0.3 0.3 1.3 1.1 0.6
3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5
... ... ... ... ...
1.2 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.9
2.1 2.3 3.3 3.2 3.1
5.7 6.2 6.2 5.5 5.3
1.6 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.7
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
2.5 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.6
3.2 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.1
... ... ... 3.1 3.6
1.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.0
3.1 3.9 4.2 3.2 3.1
6.9
7.8 8.1 7.3
4.9 4.8 5.6 6.3 6.3
1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1
4.2 4.6 5.2 5.4 6.1
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.9
3.4 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4
5.1 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.1
1.6 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1
4.6 5.9 6.4 6.3 5.4
6.1 5.8 7.2 10.0 9.0
2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.8
38.3
6.5 7.6
8.6 10.0
2.8 4.0 5.6 36.9 7.1
4.4 4.9 5.4 5.9 5.9
6.0 8.9 10.2 311.4 11.5
2.0 2.5 3.1 3.5 3.1
7.0 10.5 11.3 11.8 311.8
8.3
2.6 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.3
10.5 10.6 10.8 10.3 9.6
7.2 6.6 6.3 6.3 5.7
6.0
9.6 10.0 10.0 37.3 6.7
2.8 2.6
7.9 7.0 6.0
32.2
11.2 11.2 10.7 8.8 7.2
7.7 9.8 10.6 10.8 9.5
6.7 9.3 10.5 10.6 9.4
2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.9
39.1
9.5
35.6
36.9
11.3 11.8
6.7 8.0 8.5
7.3 310.2 11.2
5.9 5.5 5.3 6.3 6.9
1.8 3.1 5.6 9.4 9.6
10.4 9.6
8.2 8.2 8.3 7.7 6.9
3.2 3.4 3.4 4.1 4.7
11.3 11.9 11.8 11.3 10.6
8.2 9.0 9.9 9.3 38.5
11.8 11.7 11.9 12.0 11.5
6.7 6.0 4.9 3.9 3.2
9.1 9.9 10.1 8.4 7.1
8.7 8.1 7.0 6.3 6.0
6.3
4.8 5.1 5.4 5.3
9.1 8.4 8.7 9.3
7.8 7.9 8.6 9.3
10.7 9.6 9.1 8.8
2.9 2.5 2.8 3.8
5.8 5.0 5.1 5.8
5.5 5.1 5.2 5.0
355.6
55.3
355.7
64.3 63.9 62.7 62.6
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
8.5 7.7 7.1 36.1 5.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
7.3 7.3 10.6 11.5 10.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7.2
10.2 9.2 8.4 7.3 7.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
34.9 34.5 34.2
5.6 5.4
8.6 8.8 8.4 7.7 7.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
4.0 4.7 5.8 36.0
6.1 6.4 7.0 6.9
1There
35.6 34.9
5.6
37.0
6.2 5.5 5.3 35.6
6.8 7.5 6.9 36.1
36.8
37.9
36.8
6.4 6.1
39.9
5.0
37.5
7.9 7.9 7.8 7.0
1.9 1.6
6.8 8.4
39.7
is a break in the published series as of 1966, resulting from sampling changes and a raising of the lower age limit from 14 to 15. The effect was to lower the as-published unemployment rate by about 0.4 percentage point. for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany.
2Unified Germany 3Break in series.
. . . = Not available.
434
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-1. Employment Status of the Working-Age Population, Approximating U.S. Concepts, 10 Countries, 1965–2003—Continued (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Year and category
United States
Canada1
Australia
Japan
France
Germany 2
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
EMPLOYED 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
2000 2001 2002 2003
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
71 088 72 895 74 372 75 920 77 902
6 944 7 242 7 451 7 593 7 832
4 628 4 785 4 928 5 046 5 188
46 210 47 200 48 180 49 100 49 570
19 340 19 530 19 650 19 640 19 990
26 290 26 220 25 390 25 400 25 790
19 210 18 890 19 130 19 080 18 940
... ... ... ... ...
3 700 3 736 3 693 3 737 3 778
24 700 24 760 24 470 24 370 24 390
78 678 79 367
7 919 8 104 8 344 8 761 9 125
5 388 5 517 5 601 5 765 5 891
50 140 50 480 50 590 51 910 51 710
20 270 20 420 20 540 20 840 21 030
26 100 26 220 26 280 26 590 26 240
19 080 19 020 18 710 18 870 19 280
... ... ... 5 050 5 100
3 850 3 854 3 856 3 873 3 956
24 330 23 970 24 120 24 610 24 680
9 284
98 824
9 822 10 115 10 550
5 866 5 946 6 000 6 038 6 111
51 530 52 020 52 720 53 370 54 040
20 860 21 030 21 220 21 320 21 390
25 540 25 400 25 430 25 650 26 080
19 400 19 500 19 670 19 720 19 930
5 070 5 100 5 210 5 260 5 350
4 056 4 082 4 093 4 109 4 174
24 560 24 360 24 400 24 610 24 940
99 303 100 397 99 526 100 834 105 005
10 857 11 184 10 850 10 940 11 209
6 284 6 416 6 415 6 300 6 494
54 600 55 060 55 620 56 550 56 870
321 390
21 440 21 330 21 380 21 200
26 490 26 450 26 150 325 770 25 830
20 200 20 280 20 250 20 320 20 390
5 520 5 550 5 520 35 420 5 490
4 226 4 219 4 213 4 218 4 249
24 670 23 800 23 560 23 470 323 989
107 150
11 516 11 866 12 209 12 591 12 866
6 697
57 260 57 740 58 320 59 310 60 500
21 150 21 240 21 320 21 520 21 850
26 010 26 380 26 590 26 800 27 200
20 490
5 650 5 740 5 850 35 880 5 990
34 340
4 293 4 326
24 342 24 477 24 828 25 734 26 536
382 153 385 064
86 794 85 846 88 752 92 017
396 048
3109 597
112 440 114 968 117 342 3118 793
39 680
36 984
7 142 7 413 7 734
320 610
20 590 20 870 20 770
4 410 4 480
12 961 12 747 12 672 12 770 13 027
7 877 7 698 7 660 7 699 7 942
61 710 62 920 63 620 63 810 63 860
322 080
22 120 22 000 21 710 21 750
336 871
321 360
36 390 35 989 35 756
21 230 320 270 19 940
6 270 6 380 6 550 6 570 6 660
4 513 4 447 4 265 4 028 3 992
325 575
124 900 126 708
13 271 13 380 13 705 14 068 14 456
8 256 8 364 8 444 8 618 8 762
63 890 64 200 64 900 64 450 63 920
21 960 22 040 22 170 22 600 23 050
35 780 35 637 35 508 36 061 336 042
19 820 19 920 19 990 20 210 20 460
6 730 6 860 7 160 7 320 7 600
4 056 4 019 3 973 4 034 4 117
25 718 25 964 26 433 26 696 27 048
3136 891
136 933 136 485 3137 736
14 827 14 997 15 325 15 660
8 989 9 091 9 271 9 481
63 790 63 470 62 650 62 510
23 690 24 140 24 280 24 250
36 236 36 350 36 018 35 615
20 840 21 270 21 580 21 790
7 910 8 130 8 070 8 010
4 229 4 303 4 310 4 303
27 350 27 570 27 768 28 011
3 366 2 875 2 975 2 817 2 832
263 251 296 358 362
61 76 94 94 96
570 650 630 590 570
310 320 420 550 480
70 70 340 290 170
690 730 670 700 680
... ... ... ... ...
44 59 80 85 73
540 570 830 810 770
4 093 5 016
476 535 553 515 514
91 107 150 136 162
590 640 730 680 730
530 580 610 590 630
140 160 190 190 420
640 640 740 720 620
... ... ... 160 190
59 101 107 98 80
770 980 1 070 820 790
690
829 890 827
302 298 358 405 408
1 000 1 080 1 100 1 240 1 170
910 1 020 1 160 1 220 1 390
890 890 900 870 780
690 790 840 850 920
270 290 270 280 290
67 66 75 94 88
1 180 1 540 1 660 1 650 1 420
409 394 495 697 641
1 140 1 260 1 360 1 560 1 610
31 930
1 490 1 760 2 020 2 360
770 1 090 1 560 31 900 1 970
920 1 040 1 160 1 270 1 280
350 540 630 3700 710
86 108 137 151 136
1 850 2 790 3 000 3 140 33 200
603
1 560 1 670 1 730 1 550 1 420
2 470 2 520 2 570 2 460 2 320
2 010 1 860 1 800 1 810 1 640
1 310
612 558 490
600 640 650 3460 430
125 117 397 84 72
3 078 3 081 2 990 2 469 2 064
117 718 118 492 120 259 3123 060
3129 558 3131 463 3133 488
27 950
21 080
26 764 26 212
25 242 25 429
UNEMPLOYED 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 36 202 6 137
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7 637 38 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
849 883 1 289 1 428 1 370
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
1 309 1 209 1 122 998 982
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
37 047
1 082 1 388 1 505 1 539 1 373
563 788 897 914 829
1 340 1 360 1 420 1 660 1 920
32 210
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7 404 7 236
1 246 1 289 1 252 1 169 1 080
739 751 759 721 652
2000 2001 2002 2003
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
35 692
962 1 031 1 150 1 159
602 661 636 611
34 882 34 365
5 156
8 628 9 613 8 940 37 996
36 739 36 210 35 880
6 801 8 378
38 774
3711
3601
1 760 1 790 1 760
2 330
32 204
31 580
2 770 2 920
2 615 3 113 3 318
1 680 32 300 2 510
390 370 370 440 490
81 144 255 416 426
1 965 2 393 2 760 2 916 2 716
2 100 2 250 2 300 2 790 3 170
2 800 2 970 2 960 2 870 2 740
3 200 3 505 3 907 3 693 33 333
2 640 2 650 2 690 2 750 2 670
480 440 370 300 250
404 440 445 368 313
2 439 2 297 1 985 1 783 1 721
3 200 3 400 3 590 3 500
2 380 2 210 2 310 2 480
3 065 3 110 3 396 3 661
2 500 2 270 2 160 2 100
240 210 230 320
260 227 234 264
1 580 1 483 1 520 1 479
32 430
1 460
31 680
1 590
1There is a break in the published series as of 1966, resulting from sampling changes and a raising of the lower age limit from 14 to 15. The effect was to lower the as-published unemployment
rate by about 0.4 percentage point. 2Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. 3Break in series.
. . . = Not available.
435
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
Table 11-2. Indexes of Manufacturing Productivity and Related Measures, 15 Countries, 1970 and 1990–2003 (1992=100.) Item and year
United States1
Canada
...
54.9
37.5
2
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Belgium
...
...
32.9
Denmark
France
Germany 3
52.7
43.1
52.0
44.3
37.9
58.8
Italy
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Australia
52.2
43.2
...
Norway Sweden
OUTPUT PER HOUR 4 1970 .............................................. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
96.9 97.9 100.0 102.1 107.3
93.4 95.3 100.0 105.8 110.8
94.4 99.0 100.0 101.7 103.3
81.5 91.6 100.0 108.5 118.2
88.8 96.5 100.0 102.8 106.7
96.8 99.1 100.0 102.5 108.4
98.4 100.3 100.0 100.2 112.6
93.9 97.0 100.0 101.0 108.9
88.1 98.3 100.0 101.8 109.6
96.6 96.1 100.0 101.2 104.8
98.7 99.0 100.0 102.0 113.1
98.1 98.2 100.0 99.6 99.6
94.6 95.5 100.0 107.3 117.8
89.2 93.9 100.0 103.8 108.0
91.6 96.4 100.0 106.1 104.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
113.8 117.0 121.3 126.5 132.8
112.4 109.7 113.5 115.5 122.1
111.0 116.1 121.0 121.2 126.7
129.3 142.3 160.4 178.8 198.9
115.1 123.1 129.3 135.9 143.4
113.2 116.3 125.5 126.9 125.5
112.5 109.8 118.0 117.4 123.1
114.4 114.7 121.7 127.9 133.0
112.3 114.7 120.4 122.0 121.4
107.9 108.3 110.3 110.8 110.6
117.3 119.3 121.4 124.1 127.0
100.7 102.5 102.0 99.9 103.6
124.5 129.5 141.0 149.5 162.7
106.2 105.4 106.9 108.4 113.6
105.8 113.6 115.2 118.5 119.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
143.5 145.2 160.0 171.0
129.3 127.0 130.5 132.1
135.9 135.9 139.9 146.2
215.8 214.3 235.2 256.4
151.0 160.8 170.9 177.2
130.8 132.6 141.7 146.2
126.6 127.2 131.3 136.9
142.5 148.0 155.1 158.0
127.0 127.8 131.0 134.4
113.5 114.0 112.1 110.9
132.7 132.5 135.4 ...
106.6 109.8 111.7 113.5
175.5 170.3 185.6 196.5
121.0 125.1 127.7 134.8
128.0 132.4 136.2 140.7
...
58.9
39.2
7.0
12.7
57.6
68.0
64.1
70.9
48.1
59.1
90.6
80.7
90.2
...
OUTPUT 1970 .............................................. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
101.6 98.3 100.0 103.5 111.1
106.0 99.0 100.0 105.9 114.1
97.1 102.0 100.0 96.3 94.9
86.7 95.0 100.0 105.4 116.8
90.0 96.1 100.0 102.4 108.5
101.0 100.7 100.0 97.0 101.4
101.7 100.7 100.0 97.0 107.3
99.1 99.8 100.0 95.7 100.3
99.1 102.3 100.0 92.4 95.1
99.4 99.3 100.0 96.5 102.4
99.0 99.8 100.0 97.7 104.5
101.4 99.0 100.0 101.7 104.6
110.1 104.1 100.0 101.9 117.0
105.3 100.1 100.0 101.5 106.2
104.1 100.7 100.0 103.8 109.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
118.4 121.3 127.9 133.1 138.9
119.6 119.6 127.7 133.9 144.9
98.9 103.0 106.5 100.2 101.9
129.9 138.3 145.0 133.5 162.6
114.9 120.3 128.3 132.6 141.5
104.2 105.9 112.7 114.4 114.4
112.6 107.7 115.9 116.7 117.9
104.9 104.6 109.7 115.0 118.7
95.2 92.5 95.7 97.7 95.8
107.2 105.4 108.8 110.7 110.3
108.2 108.9 111.6 114.9 117.6
107.3 110.3 114.2 113.7 113.6
131.9 136.4 146.5 158.3 172.5
107.8 108.6 110.7 111.3 112.1
108.7 112.6 115.1 118.6 118.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
147.6 139.6 142.9 145.4
159.2 153.6 158.0 157.3
109.2 105.5 103.4 106.7
190.2 194.3 209.1 219.1
151.8 143.1 152.1 160.9
119.9 120.4 121.6 120.9
121.9 121.6 120.8 121.4
124.3 128.0 129.1 128.5
100.1 99.9 99.6 99.8
113.6 113.0 111.7 110.2
122.8 121.9 121.0 117.6
112.8 112.3 111.5 107.3
188.3 183.1 190.6 194.4
115.0 113.4 109.9 110.3
123.8 123.8 128.7 130.2
...
58.9
39.2
7.0
12.7
57.6
68.0
64.1
70.9
48.1
59.1
90.6
80.7
90.2
...
TOTAL HOURS 1970 .............................................. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
104.8 100.4 100.0 101.4 103.6
113.5 103.9 100.0 100.1 103.0
102.9 103.1 100.0 94.7 91.9
106.5 103.7 100.0 97.1 98.8
101.4 99.6 100.0 99.6 101.7
104.3 101.5 100.0 94.7 93.6
103.3 100.5 100.0 96.7 95.2
105.6 102.9 100.0 94.7 92.1
... 104.1 100.0 90.8 86.8
102.9 103.3 100.0 95.4 97.7
100.3 100.8 100.0 95.8 92.4
103.4 100.8 100.0 102.1 105.0
116.4 109.0 100.0 94.9 99.4
118.1 106.6 100.0 97.7 98.4
113.6 104.4 100.0 97.8 103.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
104.0 103.6 105.4 105.2 104.6
106.4 109.0 112.4 115.9 118.7
89.1 88.7 88.0 82.7 80.4
100.4 97.2 90.4 74.7 81.8
99.8 97.7 99.2 97.6 98.7
92.0 91.0 89.8 90.2 91.2
100.1 98.1 98.2 99.4 95.8
91.7 91.2 90.2 89.9 89.2
84.8 80.6 79.5 80.1 78.9
99.4 97.3 98.6 99.9 99.8
92.3 91.2 91.9 92.6 92.6
106.6 107.6 112.0 113.7 109.6
105.9 105.3 103.9 105.9 106.0
101.5 103.1 103.5 102.7 98.7
102.8 99.1 100.0 100.1 98.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
102.9 96.2 89.3 85.0
123.1 120.9 121.1 119.1
80.3 77.7 74.0 73.0
88.1 90.7 88.9 85.4
100.5 89.0 89.0 90.8
91.7 90.8 85.8 82.7
96.3 95.6 92.0 88.7
87.2 86.5 83.2 81.3
78.8 78.2 76.1 74.3
100.1 99.1 99.7 99.3
92.5 92.0 89.4 ...
105.9 102.3 99.8 94.5
107.3 107.5 102.7 98.9
95.0 90.7 86.0 81.9
96.7 93.5 94.5 92.5
23.7
17.1
16.4
...
...
13.7
13.3
10.4
20.7
5.3
20.2
11.8
10.7
6.1
...
COMPENSATION PER HOUR NATIONAL CURRENCY BASIS 4, 5
1970 .............................................. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
90.8 95.6 100.0 102.7 105.6
88.3 95.0 100.0 102.0 103.7
90.6 96.5 100.0 102.7 104.7
68.6 86.2 100.0 114.3 129.8
85.2 93.5 100.0 105.9 111.1
90.1 97.3 100.0 104.8 106.1
93.5 97.9 100.0 102.4 106.0
90.9 96.4 100.0 103.1 106.5
89.4 91.5 100.0 106.4 111.8
87.6 94.2 100.0 105.7 106.8
100.3 100.8 100.0 95.8 92.4
92.3 97.5 100.0 101.5 104.4
87.8 95.5 100.0 97.4 99.8
82.9 93.8 100.0 104.5 107.3
86.3 94.0 100.0 105.9 104.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
107.9 109.4 111.5 117.4 122.0
106.0 107.0 109.3 111.7 115.8
108.3 109.1 112.6 115.4 114.8
158.3 184.3 200.3 218.2 219.4
120.2 128.2 132.4 140.3 144.3
109.2 111.1 115.2 117.0 118.5
108.1 112.8 116.6 119.6 127.3
110.4 112.2 111.8 112.7 116.6
117.6 123.3 125.7 127.6 130.6
111.3 119.0 123.0 122.2 124.2
92.3 91.2 91.9 92.6 92.6
109.2 113.6 118.7 125.7 133.0
106.8 115.2 121.0 125.6 130.3
108.8 111.4 115.7 123.0 129.9
113.2 122.8 124.6 128.2 133.0
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
133.2 136.3 145.4 157.8
119.6 123.7 126.8 131.4
113.7 114.6 122.8 123.8
234.2 241.7 266.1 290.9
146.6 150.0 145.8 146.7
120.6 127.2 136.5 ...
130.2 136.5 143.2 150.0
122.8 128.3 135.2 139.1
137.4 142.0 145.5 148.9
127.8 132.5 135.7 140.0
92.5 92.0 89.4 ...
140.5 148.9 157.9 164.6
136.8 143.8 148.8 154.3
137.6 144.3 152.2 160.3
140.0 149.5 154.7 ...
1U.S. data has been revised from 1998 forward and are based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2Canandian data has been revised and are based on NAICS data for 1997 onward. 3Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. 4The data relate to employees (wage and salary earners) in Belgium, Denmark, and Italy, and to all employed persons (employees and self-employed workers) in the other countries. 5Compensation adjusted to include changes in employment taxes that are not compensation to employees, but are labor costs to employers.
. . . = Not available.
436
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-2. Indexes of Manufacturing Productivity and Related Measures, 15 Countries, 1970 and 1990–2003—Continued (1992=100.) Item and year
United States1
Canada 2
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 3
Italy
Netherlands
Norway Sweden
United Kingdom
Australia
COMPENSATION PER HOUR U.S. CURRENCY BASIS 4, 5 1970 ..............................................
23.7
19.8
5.8
...
...
8.9
10.7
9.9
8.9
10.3
9.8
10.3
12.0
8.3
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
90.8 95.6 100.0 102.7 105.6
91.5 100.1 100.0 95.5 91.7
79.2 90.9 100.0 117.2 129.9
75.7 91.8 100.0 111.4 126.2
79.6 87.9 100.0 100.9 105.6
86.6 91.5 100.0 97.4 102.1
91.2 92.3 100.0 95.4 100.7
88.3 90.3 100.0 96.3 101.7
86.4 86.1 100.0 100.4 107.6
90.1 93.5 100.0 82.8 81.7
86.7 89.1 100.0 98.9 105.4
91.7 93.3 100.0 88.8 91.9
86.4 91.9 100.0 72.8 75.3
83.7 93.9 100.0 88.9 93.1
91.7 99.6 100.0 97.9 103.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
107.9 109.4 111.5 117.4 122.0
93.3 94.8 95.3 91.0 94.2
146.1 127.2 117.9 111.7 128.0
160.8 179.7 165.9 122.2 144.7
114.2 117.4 115.7 105.2 112.3
119.1 115.3 103.4 103.6 100.6
116.5 117.5 106.5 107.7 109.9
117.2 116.1 101.3 101.1 100.2
128.3 128.0 113.2 113.3 111.1
84.2 95.0 88.9 86.7 84.2
122.8 119.3 105.6 108.2 107.1
107.1 109.3 104.1 103.4 105.9
87.1 100.1 92.2 92.0 91.7
97.2 98.4 107.3 115.4 118.9
114.1 130.8 126.0 109.7 116.7
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
133.2 136.3 145.4 157.8
97.3 96.5 97.6 113.3
133.7 119.5 124.3 135.3
162.5 146.8 167.0 191.5
118.0 111.6 106.2 107.3
88.7 90.8 102.9 ...
97.1 98.9 109.6 137.7
91.5 92.7 103.2 127.0
101.3 101.5 109.9 134.5
75.1 75.5 81.7 100.8
97.3 98.8 111.1 ...
99.1 102.9 122.9 144.4
86.9 81.0 89.2 111.3
118.0 117.6 129.5 148.3
110.7 105.1 114.4 ...
UNIT LABOR COSTS NATIONAL CURRENCY BASIS 4, 5
1970 ..............................................
...
31.1
43.8
...
23.8
41.7
25.2
24.0
39.8
11.9
53.3
20.1
20.6
14.1
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
93.7 97.6 100.0 100.6 98.5
94.6 99.6 100.0 96.4 93.6
95.9 97.5 100.0 101.0 101.4
84.2 94.1 100.0 105.4 109.8
95.9 96.8 100.0 103.0 104.1
93.0 98.1 100.0 102.3 97.9
95.0 97.6 100.0 102.2 94.2
96.8 99.3 100.0 102.0 97.8
87.3 93.1 100.0 104.5 102.0
90.7 98.0 100.0 104.5 101.9
91.1 95.7 100.0 102.4 96.4
94.2 99.2 100.0 101.9 104.8
92.9 100.0 100.0 90.8 84.7
93.0 100.0 100.0 100.7 99.4
94.2 97.5 100.0 99.8 99.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
94.8 93.5 91.9 92.8 91.9
94.3 97.5 96.2 96.7 94.9
97.5 94.0 93.0 95.2 90.6
122.4 129.6 124.9 122.0 110.3
104.5 104.1 102.3 103.2 100.7
96.4 95.5 91.8 92.2 94.4
96.1 102.8 98.8 101.9 103.4
96.5 97.8 91.9 88.1 87.6
104.7 107.5 104.5 104.6 107.6
103.2 109.8 111.4 110.3 112.3
95.6 95.9 96.5 98.3 99.1
108.4 110.8 116.4 125.7 128.4
85.8 89.0 85.8 84.0 80.1
102.5 105.7 108.2 113.5 114.3
107.0 108.1 108.2 108.2 110.9
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
92.8 93.9 90.9 92.3
92.5 97.4 97.2 99.4
83.6 84.4 87.8 84.7
108.5 112.8 113.1 113.5
97.1 93.3 85.3 82.7
92.2 95.9 96.4 ...
102.8 107.3 109.0 109.6
86.2 86.6 87.2 88.0
108.1 111.2 111.1 110.8
112.6 116.2 121.1 126.2
99.5 104.3 108.8 112.6
131.9 135.6 141.3 144.9
77.9 84.4 80.2 78.6
113.7 115.4 119.2 118.9
109.4 112.9 113.5 ...
UNIT LABOR COSTS U.S. CURRENCY BASIS 4, 5 1970 ..............................................
...
36.6
15.5
...
14.9
27.0
20.2
23.0
17.1
23.3
25.9
17.5
23.1
19.1
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
93.7 97.6 100.0 100.6 98.5
98.0 105.1 100.0 90.3 82.8
83.9 91.8 100.0 115.3 125.8
93.0 100.3 100.0 102.6 106.8
89.7 91.1 100.0 98.1 99.0
89.5 92.3 100.0 95.1 94.2
92.7 92.0 100.0 95.1 89.4
94.1 93.1 100.0 95.3 93.4
87.3 87.5 100.0 98.7 98.2
93.3 97.3 100.0 81.8 77.9
87.9 90.0 100.0 96.9 93.2
93.6 95.0 100.0 89.2 92.3
91.3 96.3 100.0 67.8 64.0
93.9 100.0 100.0 85.6 86.2
100.1 103.3 100.0 92.3 98.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
94.8 93.5 91.9 92.8 91.9
83.0 86.4 84.0 78.8 77.2
131.6 109.5 97.4 92.2 101.0
124.3 126.3 103.4 68.4 72.7
99.2 95.4 89.5 77.4 78.3
105.2 99.1 82.4 81.6 80.2
103.6 107.0 90.2 91.7 89.3
102.5 101.2 83.3 79.1 75.3
114.2 111.6 94.0 92.9 91.5
78.0 87.7 80.6 78.2 76.2
104.8 100.0 87.0 87.2 84.3
106.4 106.6 102.1 103.5 102.2
70.0 77.3 65.4 61.5 56.4
91.6 93.4 100.4 106.5 104.7
107.8 115.1 109.4 92.6 97.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
92.8 93.9 90.9 92.3
75.2 76.0 74.8 85.8
98.4 88.0 88.9 92.6
75.3 68.5 71.0 74.7
78.1 69.4 62.1 60.5
67.8 68.4 72.6 ...
76.7 77.8 83.5 100.6
64.2 62.6 66.5 80.4
79.7 79.5 83.9 100.1
66.2 66.2 72.9 90.9
73.3 74.5 82.1 101.7
93.0 93.7 110.0 127.2
49.5 47.6 48.1 56.6
97.6 94.0 101.4 110.0
86.5 79.4 84.0 ...
1970 ..............................................
100.0
115.8
35.4
252.7
62.9
64.7
80.5
95.7
42.8
196.5
48.6
86.9
112.3
135.6
152.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.6 105.5 100.0 93.7 88.4
87.4 94.2 100.0 114.1 124.1
110.4 106.5 100.0 97.4 97.2
93.5 94.0 100.0 95.2 95.1
96.2 94.0 100.0 93.0 96.2
97.5 94.3 100.0 93.1 95.0
97.2 93.7 100.0 93.4 95.4
96.6 94.0 100.0 94.4 96.3
102.8 99.3 100.0 78.3 76.5
96.6 93.9 100.0 94.6 96.7
99.4 95.7 100.0 87.5 88.1
98.4 96.3 100.0 74.7 75.5
101.0 100.1 100.0 85.0 86.7
106.3 106.0 100.0 92.5 99.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
88.1 88.6 87.3 81.5 81.3
134.9 116.5 104.7 96.8 111.5
101.5 97.5 82.8 56.0 65.9
95.0 91.6 87.4 75.0 77.8
109.1 103.8 89.8 88.5 84.9
107.8 104.1 91.3 90.1 86.4
106.2 103.5 90.7 89.7 86.0
109.1 103.8 90.0 88.8 85.1
75.6 79.9 72.3 70.9 67.8
109.6 104.3 90.1 88.7 85.0
98.1 96.2 87.7 82.3 79.6
81.6 86.8 76.2 73.3 70.4
89.4 88.4 92.7 93.8 91.6
100.7 106.5 101.1 85.6 87.8
2000 2001 2002 2003
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
81.4 78.0 77.0 86.2
117.6 104.3 101.2 109.3
69.4 60.7 62.8 65.8
80.5 74.4 72.9 73.1
73.6 71.3 75.3 90.2
74.6 72.5 76.6 91.8
74.5 72.2 76.3 91.3
73.7 71.5 75.5 90.4
58.7 57.0 60.2 72.0
73.7 71.4 75.4 90.3
70.5 69.1 77.8 87.7
63.5 56.3 59.9 72.1
85.8 81.5 85.1 92.5
79.1 70.3 73.9 88.7
EXCHANGE RATE 6
1U.S. data has been revised from 1998 forward and are based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2Canandian data has been revised and are based on NAICS data for 1997 onward. 3Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. 4The data relate to employees (wage and salary earners) in Belgium, Denmark, and Italy, and to all employed persons (employees and self-employed 5Compensation adjusted to include changes in employment taxes that are not compensation to employees, but are labor costs to employers. 6Index of value of foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar.
. . . = Not available.
workers) in the other countries.
437
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
Table 11-3. Hourly Compensation Costs in U.S. Dollars for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 30 Countries and Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1975–2002
Country or area
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
1999
2000
2001
2002
AMERICAS United States ........................................ Brazil .................................................... Canada ................................................. Mexico ..................................................
6.36 ... 5.96 1.47
9.87 ... 8.67 2.21
13.01 ... 10.95 1.59
14.91 ... 15.95 1.58
17.19 ... 16.10 1.65
19.10 3.43 15.58 1.83
19.76 3.56 16.04 2.08
20.60 2.97 15.80 2.33
21.33 2.57 16.02 2.38
Australia ............................................... Hong Kong SAR 1 .................................. Israel ..................................................... Japan .................................................... Korea ....................................................
5.62 0.76 2.25 3.00 0.32
8.47 1.51 3.79 5.52 0.96
8.21 1.73 4.06 6.34 1.23
13.24 3.23 8.55 12.70 3.71
15.56 4.91 10.54 23.73 7.29
15.99 5.54 11.91 20.83 7.35
14.47 5.63 12.86 22.27 8.19
13.34 5.96 13.53 19.61 7.82
15.55 5.83 12.14 18.83 9.16
New Zealand ........................................ Singapore ............................................. Sri Lanka .............................................. Taiwan ..................................................
3.15 0.84 0.28 0.38
5.22 1.49 0.22 1.02
4.38 2.47 0.28 1.49
8.17 3.78 0.35 3.90
9.91 7.33 0.48 5.85
9.14 7.28 0.46 5.51
8.13 7.63 0.48 5.85
7.74 7.56 0.42 5.70
8.89 7.27 ... 5.41
Austria .................................................. Belgium ................................................ Denmark ............................................... Finland .................................................. France ..................................................
4.51 6.41 6.28 4.66 4.52
8.88 13.11 10.83 8.33 8.94
7.58 8.97 8.13 8.25 7.52
17.75 19.17 18.04 21.25 15.49
25.32 27.62 24.98 24.32 19.38
21.85 23.92 24.11 21.55 17.24
19.46 21.59 21.49 19.45 15.70
19.38 21.04 21.98 19.86 15.91
21.07 22.79 24.23 21.56 17.42
Germany, Former West ........................ Germany, Unified .................................. Greece .................................................. Ireland .................................................. Italy .......................................................
6.29 ... 1.69 3.05 4.67
12.21 ... 3.73 6.03 8.15
9.50 ... 3.66 5.99 7.63
21.81 ... 6.76 11.81 17.45
31.57 30.26 9.06 13.78 16.22
26.87 25.73 ... 13.61 15.88
24.42 23.38 ... 12.50 14.01
24.23 23.23 ... 13.28 13.78
26.18 25.08 ... 15.09 14.93
Luxembourg ......................................... Netherlands .......................................... Norway ................................................. Portugal ................................................ Spain ....................................................
6.26 6.58 6.77 1.58 2.53
11.54 12.06 11.59 2.06 5.89
7.49 8.75 10.37 1.53 4.66
16.04 18.06 21.47 3.77 11.38
23.45 24.12 24.38 5.37 12.80
19.79 21.45 24.45 5.35 12.03
17.70 19.44 22.44 4.75 10.78
17.37 19.75 23.13 ... 10.88
18.91 21.74 27.40 ... 12.04
Sweden ................................................ Switzerland ........................................... United Kingdom ....................................
7.18 6.09 3.37
12.51 11.09 7.56
9.66 9.66 6.27
20.93 20.86 12.70
21.44 29.30 13.78
21.61 23.56 17.04
20.14 21.24 16.45
18.35 21.84 16.15
20.18 24.11 17.47
... 4.18 4.96 5.03 0.51
... 7.08 8.45 9.80 1.17
... 7.21 8.72 7.92 1.65
... 12.83 15.69 17.19 3.72
... 16.34 19.91 21.83 6.50
14.20 15.27 18.52 20.30 6.48
14.15 15.17 18.28 18.60 6.95
13.68 14.64 17.59 18.51 6.81
14.13 15.21 18.21 20.18 7.08
ASIA AND OCEANIA
EUROPE
TRADE-WEIGHTED MEASURES 2, 3 All 29 foreign economies ....................... OECD 4 .................................................. OECD less Mexico, Korea 5 .................. Europe ................................................... Asian NIEs 6 ..........................................
1Hong Kong Special Administration Region of China. 2The trade weights used to compute the average compensation
cost measures for selected country or economic groups are relative importances derived from the sum of the U.S. imports of manufactured products for consumption (customs value) and the U.S. exports of domestic manufactured products (free alongside ship value) in 1992 for each country or area and each economic group. 3Data for Germany relate to the former West Germany only. 4Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 5Mexico joined the OECD in 1994; Korea joined in 1996. 6The Asian NIEs consists of the four newly industrializing economies of Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. . . . = Not available.
438
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-4. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, 1950–2003 (1982–1984=100.) Consumer price index 1 Year
United Canada 3 States 2
Japan
Australia4
Austria
Belgium5
Denmark6
France 7
Germany8
Italy
NetherNorway 9 lands
Spain
Sweden
Switzer- United land 10 Kingdom
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
24.1 26.0 26.5 26.7 26.9
21.6 23.9 24.5 24.2 24.4
14.8 17.2 18.0 19.2 20.5
12.6 15.1 17.7 18.4 18.5
... ... ... ... ...
24.0 26.3 26.5 26.4 26.9
12.3 13.5 14.0 14.1 14.2
11.1 13.0 14.6 14.4 14.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... 10.3 10.6
... ... ... ... ...
13.6 15.7 17.1 17.5 18.2
5.5 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1
13.4 15.5 16.7 16.9 17.1
33.2 34.8 35.7 35.4 35.7
9.8 10.7 11.7 12.1 12.3
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
26.8 27.2 28.1 28.9 29.1
24.4 24.8 25.6 26.3 26.6
20.2 20.3 20.9 20.8 21.1
18.9 20.1 20.6 20.9 21.3
... ... ... 31.6 32.0
26.8 27.4 28.2 28.6 29.0
15.0 15.8 16.1 16.3 16.5
14.5 14.8 15.3 17.6 18.7
... ... ... ... ...
10.9 11.2 11.4 11.7 11.7
... ... ... ... ...
18.4 19.1 19.6 20.6 21.0
6.3 6.7 7.4 8.4 9.0
17.5 18.4 19.2 20.0 20.2
36.0 36.5 37.3 37.9 37.7
12.9 13.5 14.0 14.4 14.5
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
29.6 29.9 30.2 30.6 31.0
26.9 27.1 27.4 27.9 28.4
21.8 23.0 24.6 26.4 27.4
22.1 22.6 22.6 22.7 23.2
32.6 33.8 35.3 36.2 37.6
29.1 29.3 29.8 30.4 31.7
16.7 17.4 18.8 19.8 20.5
19.4 20.0 21.0 22.0 22.7
... ... ... ... ...
11.9 12.2 12.7 13.7 14.5
... ... ... ... ...
21.1 21.6 22.8 23.4 24.7
9.1 9.2 9.7 10.6 11.3
21.0 21.5 22.5 23.2 23.9
38.2 38.9 40.6 42.0 43.3
14.6 15.1 15.8 16.1 16.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
31.5 32.4 33.4 34.8 36.7
29.1 30.2 31.3 32.5 34.0
29.5 31.0 32.3 34.0 35.8
24.1 24.9 25.7 26.3 27.1
39.5 40.3 41.9 43.1 44.4
32.9 34.3 35.3 36.3 37.6
21.8 23.3 25.0 27.0 27.9
23.3 23.9 24.6 25.7 27.3
... ... ... ... ...
15.2 15.5 16.1 16.3 16.7
... ... ... ... 40.6
25.7 26.6 27.8 28.7 29.6
12.8 13.6 14.5 15.2 15.5
25.1 26.8 27.9 28.4 29.2
44.8 46.9 48.8 50.0 51.3
17.4 18.1 18.5 19.4 20.5
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
38.8 40.5 41.8 44.4 49.3
35.1 36.2 37.9 40.7 45.2
38.5 40.9 42.9 47.9 59.1
28.2 29.9 31.6 34.6 39.9
46.4 48.5 51.6 55.5 60.8
39.1 40.8 43.0 46.0 51.9
29.8 31.5 33.6 36.7 42.3
28.8 30.3 32.2 34.6 39.3
... ... ... ... ...
17.5 18.4 19.4 21.6 25.7
42.1 45.3 48.9 52.9 58.1
32.8 34.8 37.3 40.1 43.8
16.4 17.7 19.2 21.4 24.8
31.3 33.6 35.6 38.0 41.7
53.1 56.6 60.4 65.7 72.1
21.8 23.8 25.5 27.9 32.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
53.8 56.9 60.6 65.2 72.6
50.1 53.8 58.1 63.3 69.1
66.0 72.2 78.1 81.4 84.4
45.9 52.1 58.5 63.1 68.8
65.9 70.8 74.6 77.3 80.2
58.5 63.8 68.4 71.4 74.6
46.4 50.5 56.1 61.8 67.7
43.9 48.2 52.7 57.5 63.6
... ... ... ... ...
30.0 35.1 41.0 46.0 52.8
63.8 69.6 74.1 77.2 80.5
49.0 53.5 58.3 63.1 66.1
29.0 34.1 42.4 50.8 58.8
45.8 50.5 56.3 61.9 66.4
76.9 78.2 79.2 80.1 83.0
40.1 46.8 54.2 58.7 66.6
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
82.4 90.9 96.5 99.6 103.9
76.1 85.6 94.9 100.4 104.7
90.9 95.4 98.0 99.8 102.1
75.8 83.2 92.4 101.8 105.8
85.3 91.1 96.0 99.2 104.8
79.6 85.6 93.1 100.3 106.6
76.1 85.0 93.6 100.0 106.4
72.3 82.0 91.6 100.5 107.9
... ... ... ... ...
64.0 75.4 87.8 100.7 111.5
86.1 91.9 97.2 99.8 103.0
73.3 83.3 92.7 100.5 106.8
67.9 77.8 89.0 99.9 111.1
75.5 84.6 91.9 100.0 108.1
86.3 91.9 97.1 100.0 102.9
78.5 87.9 95.4 99.8 104.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3 124.0
108.9 113.4 118.4 123.2 129.3
104.2 104.8 104.9 105.7 108.1
112.9 123.2 133.7 142.9 154.1
108.2 110.0 111.6 113.8 116.6
111.8 113.3 115.0 116.4 120.0
111.4 115.4 120.0 125.5 131.5
114.2 117.2 120.9 124.2 128.6
... ... ... ... ...
121.8 129.0 135.1 141.9 150.8
105.3 105.6 105.1 106.1 107.1
112.9 121.0 131.6 140.4 146.8
120.9 131.5 138.5 145.1 155.0
116.0 121.0 126.1 133.4 142.0
106.4 107.2 108.8 110.8 114.3
111.1 114.9 119.7 125.6 135.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
130.7 136.2 140.3 144.5 148.2
135.5 143.1 145.3 147.9 148.2
111.4 115.1 117.0 118.5 119.3
165.3 170.7 172.4 175.5 178.8
120.5 124.4 129.5 134.1 138.2
124.1 128.1 131.2 134.8 138.0
135.0 138.2 141.1 142.9 145.8
133.0 137.2 140.6 143.5 145.9
... 81.9 86.1 89.9 92.3
160.5 170.6 179.4 187.5 195.0
109.9 113.3 116.9 120.0 123.3
152.8 158.0 161.7 165.4 167.7
165.4 175.2 185.6 194.1 203.3
156.7 171.5 175.6 183.9 187.8
120.5 127.5 132.7 137.0 138.3
148.2 156.9 162.7 165.3 169.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
152.4 156.9 160.5 163.0 166.6
151.4 153.8 156.2 157.7 160.5
119.2 119.3 121.5 122.2 121.8
187.1 192.0 192.5 194.1 197.0
141.3 143.9 145.8 147.1 147.9
140.1 142.9 145.3 146.7 148.3
148.8 151.9 155.3 158.2 162.0
148.4 151.3 153.2 154.3 155.0
93.9 95.3 97.1 98.0 98.6
205.1 213.4 217.7 222.0 225.7
125.7 128.2 131.0 133.6 136.5
171.8 174.0 178.5 182.5 186.7
212.8 220.3 224.8 228.8 234.2
192.4 193.5 194.8 194.2 195.1
140.8 141.9 142.5 142.7 143.8
175.2 179.4 185.1 191.4 194.3
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
172.2 177.1 179.9 184.0
164.8 169.0 172.8 177.6
121.0 120.1 119.1 118.7
205.8 214.8 221.2 227.4
151.4 155.5 158.2 160.3
152.1 155.8 158.4 160.9
166.8 170.8 174.8 178.5
157.7 160.3 163.4 166.8
100.0 102.0 103.4 104.5
231.4 237.8 243.7 250.3
140.0 145.9 150.7 153.9
192.5 198.4 200.9 205.9
242.1 250.8 259.6 267.6
196.9 201.6 206.0 209.9
146.0 147.4 148.4 149.3
200.1 203.6 207.0 213.0
1The
indexes are calculated by rebasing the official indexes of each country to the official U.S. base year. Because of the rebasing to 1982–1984, the indexes may differ from official indexes published by national statistical agencies.
2Urban worker households prior to 1978. 3All households from January 1995, all urban
households from September 1978 to December 1994, and middle-income urban households prior to September 1978. In February 1994, excise and duty taxes on cigarettes were reduced by the federal government and three provinces.
4Urban worker households prior to September 1998. 5Excluding rent and several other services prior to 1976. 6Excluding rent prior to 1964. 7Paris only prior to 1962. Urban worker households prior to 1991. 8Unified Germany from 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to 9Urban worker households prior to 1960. 10Urban worker households prior to May 1993.
= Not available
the former West Germany.
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
439
Table 11-5. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, Percent Change from Previous Year, 1956–2003
Percent change in consumer price index 1 Year
United Canada 3 States 2
Japan
Australia 4
Austria
Belgium 5
Denmark 6
France 7
Germany 8
Italy
Netherlands
Norway 9
Spain
Sweden
Switzer- United land 10 Kingdom
1956 1957 1958 1959
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
1.5 3.3 2.8 0.7
1.5 3.2 2.6 1.1
0.4 3.1 -0.5 1.1
6.3 2.7 1.1 1.9
... ... ... ...
2.9 3.1 1.3 1.2
5.3 2.2 0.7 1.8
1.9 3.5 15.1 6.1
... ... ... ...
3.4 1.3 2.8 -0.4
... ... ... ...
3.7 2.7 4.8 2.2
5.9 10.8 13.4 7.3
5.0 4.3 4.4 0.8
1.5 1.9 1.8 -0.7
4.9 3.7 3.0 0.6
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
1.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3
1.2 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.8
3.7 5.3 6.8 7.6 3.8
4.0 2.6 -0.3 0.5 2.4
... 3.6 4.4 2.7 3.8
0.3 1.0 1.4 2.1 4.2
1.2 4.2 7.5 5.3 3.6
3.6 3.3 4.8 4.8 3.4
... ... ... 2.9 2.4
2.3 2.1 4.7 7.5 5.9
... ... ... ... ...
0.3 2.6 5.3 2.5 5.7
1.2 1.1 5.7 8.8 7.0
4.1 2.1 4.8 2.9 3.4
1.4 1.9 4.3 3.4 3.1
1.0 3.4 4.3 2.0 3.3
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
1.6 2.9 3.1 4.2 5.5
2.4 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.5
7.6 5.1 4.0 5.3 5.2
4.0 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.9
5.0 2.2 4.0 2.8 3.1
4.1 4.2 2.9 2.8 3.7
6.5 6.7 7.5 8.0 3.5
2.5 2.7 2.7 4.5 6.4
3.1 3.7 1.7 1.5 1.9
4.6 2.3 3.7 1.4 2.7
... ... ... ... ...
4.3 3.2 4.4 3.5 3.1
13.2 6.2 6.4 4.9 2.2
5.0 6.4 4.2 1.9 2.7
3.4 4.7 4.0 2.4 2.5
4.8 3.9 2.5 4.7 5.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
5.7 4.4 3.2 6.2 11.0
3.3 2.9 4.8 7.5 10.9
7.7 6.3 4.9 11.7 23.2
3.9 6.1 5.9 9.5 15.1
4.4 4.7 6.3 7.6 9.5
3.9 4.3 5.5 7.0 12.7
6.5 5.8 6.6 9.3 15.2
5.2 5.5 6.2 7.3 13.7
3.4 5.3 5.5 6.9 7.0
4.9 4.8 5.7 10.8 19.1
3.7 7.6 8.0 8.1 9.8
10.6 6.2 7.2 7.5 9.4
5.7 8.2 8.3 11.5 15.7
7.0 7.4 6.0 6.8 9.9
3.6 6.6 6.7 8.7 9.8
6.4 9.4 7.1 9.2 16.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
9.1 5.8 6.5 7.6 11.3
10.8 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.1
11.7 9.4 8.1 4.2 3.7
15.1 13.5 12.3 7.9 9.1
8.4 7.3 5.5 3.6 3.7
12.8 9.2 7.1 4.4 4.5
9.6 9.0 11.1 10.1 9.6
11.8 9.6 9.4 9.1 10.8
6.0 4.3 3.7 2.7 4.1
17.0 16.8 17.0 12.1 14.8
9.9 9.0 6.4 4.2 4.3
11.7 9.1 9.1 8.1 4.8
17.0 17.6 24.5 19.8 15.7
9.8 10.3 11.4 10.0 7.2
6.7 1.7 1.3 1.1 3.6
24.2 16.5 15.8 8.3 13.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
13.5 10.3 6.2 3.2 4.3
10.1 12.5 10.8 5.8 4.4
7.7 4.9 2.8 1.9 2.3
10.2 9.7 11.2 10.1 4.0
6.4 6.8 5.4 3.3 5.6
6.6 7.6 8.7 7.7 6.3
12.3 11.7 10.1 6.9 6.3
13.6 13.4 11.8 9.6 7.4
5.4 6.3 5.3 3.3 2.4
21.2 17.8 16.5 14.7 10.8
7.0 6.7 5.7 2.7 3.2
10.9 13.6 11.3 8.4 6.2
15.5 14.6 14.5 12.2 11.3
13.7 12.1 8.6 8.9 8.1
4.0 6.5 5.6 2.9 3.0
18.0 11.9 8.6 4.6 5.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
3.6 1.9 3.6 4.1 4.8
4.0 4.1 4.4 4.1 5.0
2.0 0.6 0.1 0.7 2.3
6.7 9.1 8.5 6.9 7.9
3.2 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.5
4.9 1.3 1.6 1.2 3.1
4.7 3.6 4.0 4.6 4.8
5.8 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.6
2.1 -0.1 0.2 1.3 2.8
9.2 5.9 4.7 5.0 6.3
2.3 0.2 -0.4 0.9 1.0
5.7 7.2 8.7 6.7 4.6
8.8 8.8 5.3 4.8 6.8
7.3 4.3 4.2 5.8 6.5
3.4 0.7 1.5 1.8 3.2
6.1 3.4 4.2 4.9 7.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
5.4 4.2 3.0 3.0 2.6
4.8 5.6 1.5 1.8 0.2
3.1 3.3 1.6 1.3 0.7
7.3 3.2 1.0 1.8 1.9
3.3 3.3 4.1 3.6 3.0
3.5 3.2 2.4 2.8 2.4
2.6 2.4 2.1 1.2 2.0
3.4 3.2 2.4 2.1 1.7
2.7 3.7 5.1 4.4 2.7
6.5 6.3 5.2 4.5 4.0
2.6 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.7
4.1 3.4 2.3 2.3 1.4
6.7 6.0 5.9 4.6 4.8
10.4 9.4 2.4 4.7 2.1
5.4 5.8 4.0 3.3 0.9
9.5 5.9 3.7 1.6 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
2.8 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.2
2.1 1.6 1.6 0.9 1.7
-0.1 0.1 1.8 0.6 -0.3
4.6 2.6 0.3 0.9 1.5
2.2 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.6
1.5 2.1 1.6 1.0 1.1
2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.5
1.7 2.0 1.2 0.7 0.5
1.7 1.5 1.9 0.9 0.6
5.2 4.0 2.0 2.0 1.7
2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2
2.4 1.3 2.6 2.3 2.3
4.6 3.6 2.0 1.8 2.3
2.5 0.5 0.7 -0.3 0.5
1.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.8
3.5 2.4 3.1 3.4 1.5
2000 2001 2002 2003
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
3.4 2.8 1.6 2.3
2.7 2.6 2.2 2.8
-0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3
4.5 4.4 3.0 2.8
2.3 2.7 1.8 1.3
2.5 2.5 1.6 1.6
3.0 2.4 2.3 2.1
1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1
1.4 2.0 1.4 1.1
2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7
2.6 4.5 3.5 2.1
3.1 3.0 1.3 2.5
3.4 3.6 3.5 3.1
0.9 2.4 2.2 1.9
1.5 1.0 0.7 0.6
3.0 1.8 1.7 2.9
1The
figures may differ from official percent changes published by national statistical agencies due to rounding. In the case of Sweden, the official percent changes are not calculated from the published index.
2Urban worker households prior to 1978. 3All households from January 1995, all urban
households from September 1978 to December 1994, and middle-income urban households prior to September 1978. In February 1994, excise and duty taxes on cigarettes were reduced by the federal government and three provinces. In 1994, the consumer price index excluding tobacco increased 1.5 percent.
4Urban worker households prior to September 1998. 5Excluding rent and several other services prior to 1976. 6Excluding rent prior to 1964. 7Paris only prior to 1962. Urban worker households prior to 1991. 8Unified Germany for 1992 onward. Prior to 1992, data relate to the 9Urban worker households prior to 1960. 10Urban worker households prior to May 1993.
. . . = Not available.
former West Germany.
440
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-6. Real GDP Per Capita, 14 Countries, 1960–2003 (1999 U.S. Dollars.) Year
United States
Canada
Japan
Korea
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 1
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
13 545 13 636 14 241 14 652 15 291
11 104 11 225 11 771 12 144 12 697
4 912 5 495 5 911 6 365 7 003
1 632 1 677 1 665 1 767 1 888
8 595 9 002 9 162 9 474 9 980
8 577 8 973 9 403 9 740 10 319
10 498 11 040 11 561 11 523 12 457
8 876 9 268 9 711 10 047 10 593
10 648 10 993 11 372 11 579 12 227
7 764 8 369 8 816 9 241 9 404
9 883 10 035 10 321 10 516 11 269
8 848 9 312 9 486 9 772 10 184
10 795 11 348 11 766 12 324 13 066
10 411 10 579 10 606 11 080 11 617
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
16 070 16 921 17 159 17 808 18 177
13 275 13 884 14 044 14 569 15 127
7 249 8 006 8 790 9 727 10 761
1 946 2 129 2 203 2 396 2 667
10 198 10 698 10 938 11 368 12 040
10 590 10 851 11 209 11 634 12 372
12 953 13 148 13 563 14 043 14 885
11 005 11 484 11 929 12 345 13 103
12 739 12 977 12 907 13 562 14 437
9 635 10 135 10 770 11 392 12 009
11 704 11 875 12 364 13 058 13 787
10 639 10 954 11 543 11 705 12 133
13 439 13 590 13 940 14 366 14 980
11 809 11 975 12 201 12 658 12 868
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
17 999 18 371 19 138 20 048 19 764
15 307 15 638 16 285 17 244 17 709
11 626 11 973 12 800 13 636 13 290
2 838 3 021 3 109 3 432 3 623
12 853 13 450 14 202 14 814 15 372
13 152 13 604 14 269 15 066 15 636
15 099 15 458 16 062 16 647 16 493
13 730 14 252 14 754 15 432 15 808
15 018 15 317 15 868 16 542 16 554
12 552 12 736 13 063 13 824 14 459
14 402 14 858 15 163 15 801 16 313
12 285 12 826 13 371 13 860 14 349
15 801 15 841 16 156 16 767 17 253
13 119 13 316 13 754 14 703 14 500
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
19 535 20 378 21 105 22 046 22 492
17 840 18 573 18 992 19 571 20 193
13 534 13 928 14 403 15 028 15 720
3 795 4 153 4 498 4 830 5 093
15 357 16 088 16 870 16 811 17 727
15 361 16 190 16 249 16 680 17 024
16 169 17 113 17 430 17 711 18 301
15 693 16 294 16 743 17 229 17 723
16 406 17 363 17 895 18 454 19 223
14 078 14 923 15 210 15 709 16 530
16 198 16 831 17 121 17 442 17 642
15 103 15 912 16 514 17 003 17 691
17 624 17 746 17 401 17 654 18 292
14 424 14 814 15 183 15 687 16 093
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
22 183 22 516 21 870 22 652 24 069
20 210 20 575 19 750 20 087 21 055
16 038 16 438 16 679 16 886 17 303
4 909 5 146 5 434 5 927 6 338
18 123 18 067 18 434 18 997 19 069
17 740 17 506 17 750 17 752 18 193
18 277 18 115 18 710 19 154 19 970
17 916 18 032 18 400 18 577 18 792
19 346 19 329 19 161 19 566 20 198
17 070 17 180 17 278 17 486 17 964
17 794 17 580 17 275 17 510 17 988
18 508 18 622 18 586 19 181 20 250
18 560 18 507 18 713 19 056 19 857
15 736 15 502 15 817 16 370 16 763
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
24 841 25 469 26 095 26 928 27 619
21 861 22 169 22 808 23 633 23 819
18 101 18 446 19 076 20 196 21 139
6 682 7 341 8 068 8 825 9 269
19 523 19 927 20 239 20 907 21 697
18 367 18 633 19 059 19 854 20 534
20 774 21 730 21 733 21 646 21 809
18 972 19 334 19 716 20 501 21 230
20 659 21 129 21 438 22 101 22 676
18 493 18 959 19 523 20 284 20 851
18 383 18 854 19 076 19 517 20 332
21 242 21 925 22 265 22 121 22 233
20 256 20 764 21 387 21 840 22 277
17 316 17 959 18 737 19 628 19 998
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
27 823 27 409 27 947 28 324 29 107
23 507 22 741 22 669 22 944 23 784
22 332 23 111 23 206 23 178 23 270
10 003 10 818 11 288 11 788 12 633
22 548 23 066 23 339 23 244 23 758
21 079 21 413 21 667 21 371 21 992
22 213 22 467 22 815 22 822 24 118
21 669 21 775 21 991 21 705 22 075
23 518 22 034 22 357 21 954 22 403
21 245 21 528 21 650 21 387 21 801
21 016 21 349 21 504 21 491 21 976
22 593 23 187 23 862 24 330 25 458
22 348 21 950 21 441 20 925 21 643
20 093 19 749 19 745 20 167 21 013
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
29 485 30 222 31 206 32 133 33 181
24 198 24 334 25 111 25 923 27 135
23 598 24 345 24 767 24 486 24 552
13 622 14 437 14 967 13 841 15 047
24 107 24 556 24 919 25 868 26 504
22 467 22 688 23 415 23 836 24 543
24 811 25 281 25 911 26 427 27 006
22 365 22 534 22 884 23 577 24 234
22 723 22 831 23 106 23 564 24 029
22 400 22 607 23 019 23 401 23 766
22 527 23 113 23 875 24 761 25 578
26 489 27 779 29 032 29 563 30 003
22 402 22 655 23 194 24 026 25 107
21 561 22 097 22 776 23 430 24 014
2000 2001 2002 2003
.................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
34 019 33 839 34 235 34 960
28 290 28 490 29 151 29 489
25 140 25 050 24 999 25 587
16 188 16 690 17 742 18 177
27 345 27 481 27 786 27 902
25 425 25 499 25 563 25 769
27 616 27 874 28 036 28 050
25 029 25 419 25 585 25 578
24 686 24 849 24 850 24 813
24 437 24 797 24 831 24 894
26 277 26 396 26 288 25 938
30 524 30 809 30 934 30 882
26 151 26 322 26 787 27 118
24 852 25 215 25 552 26 039
1Unified
Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany.
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
441
Table 11-7. Real GDP per Employed Person, 14 Countries, 1960–2003 (1999 U.S. dollars.) Year
United States
Canada
Japan
Korea
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 1
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
35 853 36 673 38 219 39 342 40 735
31 514 32 004 33 280 34 187 35 194
9 837 10 858 11 657 12 574 13 776
... ... ... 6 370 6 864
16 100 16 862 17 348 18 180 19 310
22 256 23 190 24 027 24 898 26 255
22 329 23 302 24 215 24 031 25 651
20 865 22 017 23 491 24 550 25 865
22 646 23 369 24 374 25 000 26 643
18 531 19 925 21 224 22 792 23 511
24 638 24 988 25 551 26 039 27 791
20 935 21 867 22 329 23 071 24 150
22 227 23 301 24 162 25 323 26 667
22 606 22 924 23 079 24 203 25 220
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
42 312 43 762 43 824 44 992 45 267
36 147 36 986 37 037 38 328 39 168
14 335 15 471 16 838 18 491 20 502
6 887 7 528 7 696 8 155 9 060
19 996 21 301 22 306 23 613 25 142
27 086 27 843 29 049 30 303 31 773
26 399 26 568 27 638 28 585 29 914
27 018 28 216 29 463 30 810 32 469
27 911 28 778 29 655 31 246 33 062
24 887 26 814 28 386 30 259 32 336
29 017 29 599 31 264 33 052 34 722
25 217 26 056 27 497 28 082 29 093
27 496 28 031 29 287 30 035 30 956
25 550 25 988 26 942 28 215 28 811
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
45 092 46 427 47 487 48 620 47 488
39 782 41 054 42 039 42 948 42 964
22 354 23 172 24 992 26 403 26 189
9 514 9 987 10 037 10 696 11 005
26 878 27 946 29 463 30 477 31 272
33 767 34 762 36 676 38 502 39 486
30 194 31 187 31 998 32 976 33 102
33 870 35 331 36 679 38 146 38 994
34 294 35 199 36 550 37 879 38 418
33 896 34 541 35 722 37 530 38 906
36 288 37 679 39 189 41 149 42 406
29 203 30 434 31 604 32 739 33 651
32 328 32 697 33 336 34 529 34 940
29 548 30 597 31 506 33 105 32 578
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
47 932 48 892 49 381 49 998 50 173
43 174 44 653 45 536 46 022 46 000
27 066 27 913 28 793 30 018 31 342
11 453 11 996 12 784 13 312 14 054
31 391 32 717 33 937 33 652 35 252
39 469 41 893 42 262 43 383 43 907
32 978 34 427 35 252 35 677 36 622
39 226 40 572 41 532 42 713 43 904
38 984 41 278 42 392 43 310 44 392
38 080 40 159 40 981 42 336 44 187
42 799 44 579 44 675 45 358 45 345
35 026 35 872 36 365 36 927 38 013
35 139 35 389 34 754 35 230 36 058
32 571 33 716 34 498 35 350 35 844
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
49 817 50 506 49 935 51 519 53 063
45 330 45 361 45 407 46 255 47 782
32 006 32 788 33 230 33 366 34 293
13 678 14 209 14 862 16 309 17 747
35 753 35 964 37 136 38 317 38 511
45 862 46 134 47 409 47 900 49 185
36 897 37 159 38 266 39 119 40 169
44 495 45 210 46 344 47 182 48 068
44 147 44 238 44 350 45 782 46 995
45 072 45 461 45 654 46 071 47 345
44 716 44 250 43 915 45 578 46 411
38 928 38 793 38 857 40 338 42 395
36 257 36 139 36 631 37 234 38 515
35 471 36 206 37 285 38 751 38 889
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
54 164 54 811 55 250 56 309 57 152
48 731 48 451 49 093 49 983 50 198
35 895 36 585 37 863 39 791 41 197
18 213 19 513 20 532 21 988 22 407
39 367 40 173 40 672 41 922 43 128
49 395 49 798 50 714 52 342 53 390
40 868 41 828 41 767 41 904 42 518
49 143 50 137 51 019 52 892 54 189
47 594 48 045 48 405 49 819 50 883
48 296 49 177 50 530 51 968 53 097
46 318 47 030 47 093 48 173 49 647
43 423 43 561 43 552 43 692 45 375
38 952 39 776 40 780 41 269 41 768
39 698 41 050 42 324 42 883 42 520
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
57 547 57 989 59 607 60 389 61 458
49 929 49 704 50 442 51 235 52 648
42 951 43 736 43 589 43 500 43 739
23 710 25 115 25 979 27 085 28 413
44 443 45 278 46 223 46 712 47 994
54 177 55 180 56 317 56 188 58 222
43 688 44 565 45 824 46 708 49 713
55 163 55 653 56 813 57 044 58 138
52 233 45 830 47 569 47 698 48 897
53 295 53 044 53 710 54 598 56 642
49 391 49 796 49 242 49 413 50 299
46 651 48 546 50 358 51 396 53 354
41 839 42 006 43 195 44 742 47 030
42 490 42 790 43 943 45 586 47 294
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
62 128 63 552 64 988 66 743 68 682
53 150 53 598 54 552 55 336 56 836
44 403 45 726 46 152 46 047 46 639
30 089 31 517 32 422 32 132 34 568
48 783 50 059 50 598 52 049 52 697
59 201 59 838 61 346 61 477 62 576
50 533 51 489 52 333 52 608 52 810
58 589 59 013 59 874 60 984 61 707
49 638 50 169 50 953 51 386 51 811
58 363 58 633 59 594 60 033 60 362
51 366 52 007 51 753 52 830 52 927
54 637 56 439 57 620 57 566 58 349
48 195 49 234 51 099 52 155 53 417
48 134 48 980 49 724 50 774 51 522
2000 2001 2002 2003
.................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
69 459 69 784 71 534 73 097
58 329 58 722 59 443 59 353
47 905 48 150 48 731 50 060
35 968 36 628 38 126 39 349
54 090 54 158 55 019 55 270
63 757 63 233 63 861 64 867
53 893 54 382 54 986 55 617
62 392 62 639 62 954 63 131
52 360 52 583 53 003 53 538
61 029 60 912 60 044 59 512
52 627 51 832 52 342 52 354
59 503 60 200 60 581 61 193
54 409 53 892 54 923 55 945
52 885 53 593 54 085 54 802
1Unified
Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. . . . = Not available.
442
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-8. Employment–Population Ratios, 14 Countries, 1960–2003 (Percent.) Year
United States
Canada
Japan
Korea
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 1
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
37.8 37.2 37.3 37.2 37.5
35.2 35.1 35.4 35.5 36.1
49.9 50.6 50.7 50.6 50.8
... ... ... 27.7 27.5
53.4 53.4 52.8 52.1 51.7
38.5 38.7 39.1 39.1 39.3
47.0 47.4 47.7 47.9 48.6
42.5 42.1 41.3 40.9 41.0
47.0 47.0 46.7 46.3 45.9
41.9 42.0 41.5 40.5 40.0
40.1 40.2 40.4 40.4 40.5
42.3 42.6 42.5 42.4 42.2
48.6 48.7 48.7 48.7 49.0
46.1 46.1 46.0 45.8 46.1
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
38.0 38.7 39.2 39.6 40.2
36.7 37.5 37.9 38.0 38.6
50.6 51.7 52.2 52.6 52.5
28.3 28.3 28.6 29.4 29.4
51.0 50.2 49.0 48.1 47.9
39.1 39.0 38.6 38.4 38.9
49.1 49.5 49.1 49.1 49.8
40.7 40.7 40.5 40.1 40.4
45.6 45.1 43.5 43.4 43.7
38.7 37.8 37.9 37.6 37.1
40.3 40.1 39.5 39.5 39.7
42.2 42.0 42.0 41.7 41.7
48.9 48.5 47.6 47.8 48.4
46.2 46.1 45.3 44.9 44.7
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
39.9 39.6 40.3 41.2 41.6
38.5 38.1 38.7 40.2 41.2
52.0 51.7 51.2 51.6 50.7
29.8 30.2 31.0 32.1 32.9
47.8 48.1 48.2 48.6 49.2
39.0 39.1 38.9 39.1 39.6
50.0 49.6 50.2 50.5 49.8
40.5 40.3 40.2 40.5 40.5
43.8 43.5 43.4 43.7 43.1
37.0 36.9 36.6 36.8 37.2
39.7 39.4 38.7 38.4 38.5
42.1 42.1 42.3 42.3 42.6
48.9 48.4 48.5 48.6 49.4
44.4 43.5 43.7 44.4 44.5
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
40.8 41.7 42.7 44.1 44.8
41.3 41.6 41.7 42.5 43.9
50.0 49.9 50.0 50.1 50.2
33.1 34.6 35.2 36.3 36.2
48.9 49.2 49.7 50.0 50.3
38.9 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.8
49.0 49.7 49.4 49.6 50.0
40.0 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.4
42.1 42.1 42.2 42.6 43.3
37.0 37.2 37.1 37.1 37.4
37.8 37.8 38.3 38.5 38.9
43.1 44.4 45.4 46.0 46.5
50.2 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.7
44.3 43.9 44.0 44.4 44.9
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
44.5 44.6 43.8 44.0 45.4
44.6 45.4 43.5 43.4 44.1
50.1 50.1 50.2 50.6 50.5
35.9 36.2 36.6 36.3 35.7
50.7 50.2 49.6 49.6 49.5
38.7 37.9 37.4 37.1 37.0
49.5 48.8 48.9 49.0 49.7
40.3 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.1
43.8 43.7 43.2 42.7 43.0
37.9 37.8 37.8 38.0 37.9
39.8 39.7 39.3 38.4 38.8
47.5 48.0 47.8 47.6 47.8
51.2 51.2 51.1 51.2 51.6
44.4 42.8 42.4 42.2 43.1
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
45.9 46.5 47.2 47.8 48.3
44.9 45.8 46.5 47.3 47.5
50.4 50.4 50.4 50.8 51.3
36.7 37.6 39.3 40.1 41.4
49.6 49.6 49.8 49.9 50.3
37.2 37.4 37.6 37.9 38.5
50.8 52.0 52.0 51.7 51.3
38.6 38.6 38.6 38.8 39.2
43.4 44.0 44.3 44.4 44.6
38.3 38.6 38.6 39.0 39.3
39.7 40.1 40.5 40.5 41.0
48.9 50.3 51.1 50.6 49.0
52.0 52.2 52.4 52.9 53.3
43.6 43.7 44.3 45.8 47.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
48.3 47.3 46.9 46.9 47.4
47.1 45.8 44.9 44.8 45.2
52.0 52.8 53.2 53.3 53.2
42.2 43.1 43.5 43.5 44.5
50.7 50.9 50.5 49.8 49.5
38.9 38.8 38.5 38.0 37.8
50.8 50.4 49.8 48.9 48.5
39.3 39.1 38.7 38.0 38.0
45.0 48.1 47.0 46.0 45.8
39.9 40.6 40.3 39.2 38.5
42.6 42.9 43.7 43.5 43.7
48.4 47.8 47.4 47.3 47.7
53.4 52.3 49.6 46.8 46.0
47.3 46.2 44.9 44.2 44.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
47.5 47.6 48.0 48.1 48.3
45.5 45.4 46.0 46.8 47.7
53.1 53.2 53.7 53.2 52.6
45.3 45.8 46.2 43.1 43.5
49.4 49.1 49.3 49.7 50.3
38.0 37.9 38.2 38.8 39.2
49.1 49.1 49.5 50.2 51.1
38.2 38.2 38.2 38.7 39.3
45.8 45.5 45.3 45.9 46.4
38.4 38.6 38.6 39.0 39.4
43.9 44.4 46.1 46.9 48.3
48.5 49.2 50.4 51.4 51.4
46.5 46.0 45.4 46.1 47.0
44.8 45.1 45.8 46.1 46.6
2000 2001 2002 2003
.................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
49.0 48.5 47.9 47.8
48.5 48.5 49.0 49.7
52.5 52.0 51.3 51.1
45.0 45.6 46.5 46.2
50.6 50.7 50.5 50.5
39.9 40.3 40.0 39.7
51.2 51.3 51.0 50.4
40.1 40.6 40.6 40.5
47.1 47.3 46.9 46.3
40.0 40.7 41.4 41.8
49.9 50.9 50.2 49.5
51.3 51.2 51.1 50.5
48.1 48.8 48.8 48.5
47.0 47.1 47.2 47.5
1Unified
Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. . . . = Not available.
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
443
Table 11-9. Real GDP Per Capita and per Employed Person, 14 Countries, 1980–2003 (Average annual percent changes.) Country
1980–2002
1980–1990
1990–1995
1995–2000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
United States .................................................................................... Canada ............................................................................................. Japan ................................................................................................ Korea ................................................................................................ Austria ..............................................................................................
2.0 1.7 2.1 5.9 1.9
2.3 1.5 3.4 7.4 2.2
1.2 0.6 1.1 6.4 1.3
2.9 3.2 1.3 3.5 2.6
3.3 4.7 0.3 8.7 2.5
2.5 4.3 2.4 7.6 3.2
-0.5 0.7 -0.4 3.1 0.5
1.2 2.3 -0.2 6.3 1.1
2.1 1.2 2.4 2.5 0.4
Belgium ............................................................................................. Denmark ........................................................................................... France .............................................................................................. Germany 1 ........................................................................................ Italy ...................................................................................................
1.6 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.7
1.7 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.2
1.3 2.2 0.6 1.4 1.1
2.5 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.8
3.0 2.2 2.8 2.0 1.6
3.6 2.3 3.3 2.7 2.8
0.3 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.5
0.3 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.3
Netherlands ...................................................................................... Norway ............................................................................................. Sweden ............................................................................................. United Kingdom ................................................................................
1.7 2.3 1.7 2.2
1.7 2.0 1.9 2.5
1.4 3.2 0.0 1.4
3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9
3.3 1.5 4.5 2.5
2.7 1.7 4.2 3.5
0.5 0.9 0.7 1.5
-0.4 0.4 1.8 1.3
-1.3 -0.2 1.2 1.9
United States .................................................................................... Canada ............................................................................................. Japan ................................................................................................ Korea ................................................................................................ Austria ..............................................................................................
1.7 1.2 2.0 4.7 1.9
1.5 1.0 3.0 5.7 2.2
1.5 1.3 0.7 4.9 1.9
2.3 1.9 1.5 3.6 2.1
2.9 2.7 1.3 7.6 1.2
1.1 2.6 2.7 4.1 2.6
0.5 0.7 0.5 1.8 0.1
2.5 1.2 1.2 4.1 1.6
2.2 0.2 2.7 3.2 0.5
Belgium ............................................................................................. Denmark ........................................................................................... France .............................................................................................. Germany 1 ........................................................................................ Italy ...................................................................................................
1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2
1.7 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.7
1.8 3.0 1.2 2.1 1.8
1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9
1.8 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.5
1.9 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
-0.8 0.9 0.4 0.4 -0.2
1.0 1.1 0.5 0.8 -1.4
1.6 1.1 0.3 1.0 -0.9
Netherlands ...................................................................................... Norway ............................................................................................. Sweden ............................................................................................. United Kingdom ................................................................................
0.7 2.0 1.9 1.9
1.0 1.8 1.4 1.8
0.8 3.2 2.9 2.5
0.5 1.7 2.5 1.9
0.2 1.4 2.4 1.5
-0.6 2.0 1.9 2.6
-1.5 1.2 -1.0 1.3
1.0 0.6 1.9 0.9
0.0 1.0 1.9 1.3
REAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA
REAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER EMPLOYED PERSON
1Unified
Germany for 1995–2000 onward. Prior to that the data relate to the former West Germany.
PART TWELVE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) HIGHLIGHTS This chapter presents the first data from the new American Time Use Survey (ATUS). This survey was introduced in the sixth edition of this Handbook. The ATUS collects data on the activities people do during the day and how much time they spend doing them.
Average Hours Spent per Day in Primary Activities for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day, 2003 10.0
8.0 Total Men Women
Hours
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0 Working and work-related activities
Leisure and sports
Household activities
Caring for and helping household children
Activity
OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • In 2003, employed persons worked 7.6 hours on average on the days that they worked. (Table 12-3) • Employed men worked 8.37 hours per day on an average weekday, compared with 7.34 hours for women. One of the reasons women worked less is because they are more likely then men to work part-time. (Table 12-3) • Employed women spent more time on household activities and caring for household members then men, almost an hour more per day. Employed men spent more time on leisure and sports, about 16.6 percent more. Both employed men and women spent more time on personal care than any other activity. The personal care category includes sleeping. (Table 12-4) • On an average day, nearly 84 percent of women and 63 percent of men spent some time doing household activities such as housework, cooking, lawn care, or household management. However, less than 20 percent of men reported doing housework such as cleaning or laundry. (Table 12-1) • Watching TV was accounted for about half of leisure time for men and women. However, on average, men spent about half an hour more watching TV then women did. (Table 12-1) • In households with children under 6, employed women spent over an hour more then men caring for household members, 2.42 hours compared with 1.28 hours. (Table 12-4)
447
448
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Survey Methodology
operated enterprise; and
While BLS has long produced statistics about the labor market, such as employment, hours, and earnings, the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) marks the first time that a federal statistical agency has produced estimates on how Americans spend another critical resource–their time. Data collection for the ATUS began in January, 2003. Sample cases for the survey are selected monthly and interviews are conducted continuously throughout the year. In 2003, approximately 21,000 individuals were interviewed.
2) All those who were not working but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labormanagement dispute, maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their eighth (final) interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly household labor force survey. (See Chapter 1 of this Handbook for a description of the CPS). ATUS sample households are selected to ensure that estimates will be nationally representative. One individual age 15 or older is randomly chosen from each sampled household. This “designated person” is interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on the day before the interview—the “diary day.” Concepts and Definitions Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity. Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using all responses from a given population, including respondents who did not do a particular activity on their diary day. These estimates reflect how many population members engaged in an activity and the amount of time they spent doing it. Average hours per day, persons reporting the activity on the diary day. The average number of hours per day is computed using only responses from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary day. Diary day. The diary day is the day which the designated person reports. For example, the diary day of a designated person interviewed on Tuesday is Monday. Employment status: Employed. All persons who, at any time during the seven days prior to the interview: 1) Did any work at all as paid employees; worked in their own business profession, or on their own farm; or usually worked 15 hours or more an unpaid workers in a family-
Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 hours or more per week at all jobs combined. Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined. Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the conditions for employment. The not employed include those classified as unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions). The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this report do not correspond to published totals from the CPS. While the information on employment from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in the context of other daily activities, the employment data are not intended for analysis of current employment trends. Compared to the CPS and other estimates of employment, the ATUS estimates are based on a much smaller sample and are only available with a substantial lag. Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS respondent. The children may be related to the respondent (such as their own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of roommates). For secondary childcare calculations, respondents are asked about care for household children under age 13. Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing at a specified time. The estimates presented reflect time spent in primary activities only. Major activity category definitions Personal care activities. Personal care activities include sleeping, bathing, dressing, health-related self-care, and personal or private activities. Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example,” my sister put polish on my nails”) is also captured in this category. Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except when identified by the respondent as part of a
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
work or volunteer activity), whether alone, with others, at home, at a place of purchase, in transit, or somewhere else, is classified here. Household activities. Household activities are those done by respondents to maintain their households. These include housework; cooking; yard care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; and home maintenance, repair, decoration, and renovation. Food preparation is always classified as a household activity. Household management and organizational activities—such as filling out paperwork, balancing a checkbook, or planning a party— also are included in this category. Purchasing goods and services. This category includes the purchase of consumer goods as well as the purchase or use of professional and personal care services, household services, and government services. Most purchases and rentals of consumer goods, regardless of mode or place of purchase or rental (in person, via telephone, over the Internet, at home, or in a store) are classified in this category. Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal care services provided by someone else also is classified in this category. Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided by someone else also is classified here. Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for or help any child or adult in the respondent’s household, regardless of relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, are classified here. Household member are considered children if they are under 18. Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of activities done to benefit adult members of households, such as providing physical and medical care or obtaining medical services. Caring for and helping non-household members. Activities done to care for and help any child or adult who is not part of the respondent’s household, regardless of the relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, are classified here. Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one’s job, engaging in income-generating activities (not
449
as part of one’s job), and job search activities. “Working” includes hours spent doing the specific tasks required of one’s main or other job, regardless of location or time of day. Travel time related to working and work-related activities includes time spent commuting to and from one’s job, as well as time spent traveling for work-related, income generating, and job search activities. Educational activities. Educational activities include taking classes (including Internet and other distance-learning courses); doing research and homework; and taking care of administrative tasks, such as registering for classes or obtaining a school ID. For high school students, before and after-school extracurricular activities (except sports) also are classified as educational activities. Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent volunteering for or through an organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in religious and spiritual activities. Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities such as watching television, reading or attending entertainment events. Telephone calls, mail, and email. This category captures telephone communication and handling household or personal mail or email. Telephone and Internet purchases are classified in purchasing goods and services. Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual category includes security procedures related to traveling, traveling not associated with a specific activity category, ambiguous activities that could not be coded or missing activities that were considered too private to report. Sources of Additional Information Additional information, including expanded definitions and estimation methodology, is available from BLS news release USDL 04-1797 and the BLS Web site.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-1. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities 1 for the Total Population and for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day by Activity Category and Sex, 2003 Annual Averages (Number, percent.) Hours per day, total population
Percent of population reporting the activity on the diary day
Activity Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Hours per day, persons reporting the activity on the diary day Total
Men
Women
TOTAL, ALL ACTIVITIES 2 .............................................
24.0
24.0
24.0
X
X
X
X
X
X
Personal care activities ................................................ Sleeping ................................................................... Eating and drinking ....................................................... Household activities ..................................................... Housework ............................................................... Food preparation and cleanup ................................. Lawn and garden care .............................................. Household management .......................................... Purchasing goods and services ................................... Consumer goods purchases .................................... Professional and personal care services .................. Caring for and helping household members ................ Caring for and helping household children ............... Caring for and helping non-household members ......... Caring for and helping non-household adults ...........
9.3 8.6 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1
9.1 8.5 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1
9.5 8.6 1.2 2.3 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1
99.9 99.9 91.5 73.5 37.7 50.7 10.2 15.6 46.1 41.4 9.5 26.6 21.6 15.7 10.5
99.9 99.8 91.5 62.5 19.5 34.6 11.7 12.9 42.0 37.5 7.1 20.4 15.7 13.5 9.9
100.0 99.9 91.4 83.7 54.6 65.6 8.9 18.0 49.9 45.1 11.7 32.4 27.1 17.8 11.0
9.3 8.6 1.3 2.5 1.6 1.0 2.0 0.8 1.8 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.0
9.1 8.5 1.4 2.1 1.2 0.7 2.2 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.2
9.5 8.7 1.3 2.8 1.8 1.2 1.6 0.8 1.9 1.1 1.0 2.3 2.1 1.7 0.9
Working and work-related activities .............................. Working .................................................................... Educational activities .................................................... Attending class ......................................................... Homework and research .......................................... Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ Religious and spiritual activities ............................... Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ...... Leisure and sports ........................................................ Socializing and communicating ................................ Watching television .................................................. Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ....... Telephone calls, mail, and email .................................. Other activities, not elsewhere classified .................
3.7 3.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 5.1 0.8 2.6 0.3 0.2 0.2
4.6 4.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 5.4 0.7 2.8 0.4 0.1 0.2
2.9 2.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 4.8 0.8 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
46.0 43.9 8.3 5.6 5.4 13.2 8.1 6.4 95.9 40.1 78.7 17.4 25.7 12.8
53.8 51.3 7.6 5.2 4.6 11.0 6.5 5.5 96.2 35.7 80.1 19.2 19.7 11.8
38.7 37.0 9.0 6.0 6.1 15.2 9.6 7.2 95.7 44.2 77.4 15.8 31.2 13.8
8.0 7.6 5.7 5.1 2.5 2.4 1.8 2.2 5.3 1.9 3.3 1.7 0.7 1.5
8.5 8.0 5.9 5.4 2.5 2.6 1.8 2.4 5.6 2.0 3.4 2.0 0.7 1.5
7.4 7.0 5.5 4.8 2.5 2.3 1.7 2.0 5.0 1.9 3.1 1.3 0.8 1.4
Note: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over. 1Primary activities are those respondents identify as their 2All major activity categories include related travel time.
X = Not applicable.
main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
451
Table 12-2. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities 1 for the Total Population by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity and Educational Attainment, 2003 Annual Averages (Number.) Hours per day spent in primary activities 2 Characteristic
Personal care activities
Eating and Household drinking activities
Caring for Caring for Working and helping Purchasing and helping and worknongoods and household related household services members activities members
Educational activities
Total, 15 years and over ................. 15 to 24 years ................................... 25 to 34 years ................................... 35 to 44 years ................................... 45 to 54 years ................................... 55 to 64 years ................................... 65 years and over .............................
9.34 9.95 9.25 9.07 9.00 9.13 9.65
1.21 0.96 1.17 1.16 1.19 1.35 1.52
1.83 0.82 1.59 1.99 1.97 2.28 2.55
0.81 0.69 0.78 0.82 0.84 0.90 0.89
0.55 0.27 1.11 1.05 0.38 0.15 0.13
0.29 0.32 0.23 0.19 0.31 0.40 0.31
3.69 2.65 4.78 4.81 4.91 3.70 0.77
0.47 2.20 0.29 0.10 0.06
Men, 15 years and over .................. 15 to 24 years ................................... 25 to 34 years ................................... 35 to 44 years ................................... 45 to 54 years ................................... 55 to 64 years ................................... 65 years and over .............................
9.13 9.85 8.93 8.82 8.76 8.93 9.51
1.24 0.94 1.21 1.19 1.22 1.40 1.65
1.33 0.65 1.10 1.40 1.45 1.79 1.89
0.68 0.54 0.70 0.67 0.66 0.68 0.90
0.34 0.10 0.58 0.68 0.27 0.09 0.15
0.26 0.37 0.24 0.17 0.23 0.27 0.31
4.57 2.95 5.95 5.84 5.93 4.64 1.20
0.45 2.06
Women, 15 years and over ............. 15 to 24 years ................................... 25 to 34 years ................................... 35 to 44 years ................................... 45 to 54 years ................................... 55 to 64 years ................................... 65 years and over .............................
9.54 10.06 9.55 9.31 9.23 9.31 9.76
1.18 0.97 1.12 1.13 1.16 1.30 1.43
2.30 1.00 2.08 2.56 2.48 2.71 3.06
0.94 0.83 0.86 0.96 1.01 1.10 0.89
0.75 0.45 1.64 1.40 0.47 0.21 0.12
0.31 0.27 0.22 0.20 0.40 0.52 0.31
2.87 2.35 3.62 3.81 3.92 2.88 0.43
0.50 2.33 0.31 0.14
White, 15 years and over ................ Men ................................................... Women ..............................................
9.27 9.08 9.45
1.26 1.29 1.23
1.93 1.40 2.43
0.83 0.70 0.96
0.54 0.33 0.74
0.28 0.24 0.31
Black or African American, 15 years and over ................................. Men ................................................... Women ..............................................
9.83 9.41 10.17
0.81 0.84 0.79
1.30 0.93 1.59
0.70 0.56 0.82
0.54 0.30 0.72
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 15 years and over ................................. Men ................................................... Women ..............................................
9.70 9.64 9.77
1.12 1.15 1.08
1.82 1.02 2.67
0.81 0.71 0.91
Educational attainment, 25 years and over Less than high school ....................... High school diploma 4 ....................... Less than a bachelor’s degree .......... Bachelor’s degree or higher 5 ............
9.89 9.25 9.13 8.90
1.09 1.22 1.24 1.41
2.25 2.24 2.00 1.78
0.70 0.81 0.85 0.93
Leisure activities
Telephone calls
Other activities not elsewhere classified
0.32 0.26 0.21 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.44
5.11 5.46 4.30 4.20 4.67 5.27 7.16
0.19 0.24 0.13 0.13 0.17 0.21 0.27
0.19 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.20 0.28
0.29 0.26 0.21 0.31 0.27 0.32 0.41
5.41 5.92 4.58 4.60 4.89 5.55 7.52
0.13 0.19 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.16
0.18 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.20 0.29
(3) (3) (3)
0.35 0.25 0.22 0.36 0.40 0.42 0.46
4.83 4.99 4.03 3.81 4.46 5.02 6.88
0.24 0.30 0.16 0.16 0.22 0.28 0.36
0.20 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.28
3.72 4.66 2.83
0.42 0.41 0.44
0.30 0.26 0.33
5.07 5.32 4.83
0.18 0.13 0.24
0.19 0.18 0.20
0.37 0.43 0.32
3.31 3.88 2.86
0.66
0.51 0.57 0.47
5.55 6.13 5.09
0.22 0.14 0.29
0.20 0.18 0.22
0.72 0.42 1.02
0.21 0.21 0.22
3.66 4.55 2.74
0.23 0.21 0.25
4.85 5.28 4.41
0.12 0.12 0.12
0.19 0.19 0.19
0.45 0.52 0.65 0.75
0.27 0.30 0.32 0.22
2.46 3.65 4.11 4.72
0.26 0.30 0.34 0.41
6.29 5.36 4.78 4.29
0.09 0.16 0.18 0.23
0.20 0.16 0.20 0.21
Note: Hispanics or Latinos may be of any race. 1Primary activities are those respondents indentify as their main activity. Other activities 2All major activity categories include related travel time. 3Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. 4Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 5Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
Organizational, civic, and religious activities
done simultaneously are not included.
(3) (3)
(3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
(3)
0.68 0.57 (3)
0.63
(3) (3)
0.18 0.14
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-3. Average Hours Worked per Day by Employed Persons on Weekdays and Weekends by Selected Characteristics, 2003 Annual Averages (Number.) Worked on an average day Characteristic
Total employed
Number
Percent
Worked on an average weekday
Hours per day 2
Number 3
Percent
Hours per day 2
Worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, or holiday 1 Number 4
Percent
Hours per day 2
Total, 15 years and over 5 ....................................... Full-time workers ....................................................... Part-time workers ......................................................
145 458 112 338 33 120
98 069 80 033 18 035
67.4 71.2 54.5
7.59 8.09 5.40
119 252 98 592 20 848
82.0 87.8 62.9
7.92 8.46 5.45
47 600 36 811 10 785
32.7 32.8 32.6
5.66 5.80 5.12
Men 5 ......................................................................... Full-time workers ....................................................... Part-time workers ......................................................
78 083 66 235 11 848
55 288 48 534 6 754
70.8 73.3 57.0
8.01 8.33 5.74
66 580 59 208 7 519
85.3 89.4 63.5
8.37 8.72 5.77
28 351 23 795 4 594
36.3 35.9 38.8
5.97 6.03 5.60
Women 5 ................................................................... Full-time workers ....................................................... Part-time workers ......................................................
67 374 46 103 21 271
42 781 31 500 11 281
63.5 68.3 53.0
7.06 7.72 5.19
52 670 39 388 13 326
78.2 85.4 62.6
7.34 8.06 5.27
19 254 12 998 6 262
28.6 28.2 29.4
5.19 5.37 4.81
Multiple job-holding status Single jobholders ....................................................... Multiple jobholders .....................................................
131 453 14 005
86 928 11 141
66.1 79.6
7.57 7.79
106 952 12 303
81.4 87.8
7.88 8.27
39 158 8 406
29.8 60.0
5.54 6.17
Class of worker Wage and salary workers .......................................... Self-employed workers ..............................................
134 299 11 104
90 063 7 971
67.1 71.8
7.67 6.81
110 144 9 066
82.0 81.6
7.99 7.07
42 647 5 061
31.8 45.6
5.67 5.54
Educational attainment, 25 years and over Less than high school ................................................ High school diploma 6 ................................................ Less than a bachelor’s degree .................................. Bachelor’s degree or higher 7 ....................................
10 830 38 089 32 740 41 004
7 116 25 623 22 338 29 725
65.7 67.3 68.2 72.5
7.71 7.89 7.69 7.50
9 018 31 379 27 813 35 959
83.3 82.4 85.0 87.7
7.89 8.12 7.95 8.07
3 040 11 375 9 824 14 776
28.1 29.9 30.0 36.0
6.54 6.37 5.99 4.18
Note: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. 1Holidays
are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2003, data were not collected for Thanksgiving Day or Christmas Day.
2Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. 3Number was derived by multiplying the "total employed" by the percent of employed 4Number was derived by multiplying the "total employed" by the percent of employed 5Includes workers whose hours vary. 6Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 7Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
persons who worked on an average weekday. persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday.
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AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
Table 12-4. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities 1 for the Population 18 Years and Over, by Sex, Labor Force Status, and Presence and Age of Children, Selected Characteristics, 2003 Annual Averages (Number.) Hours per day spent in primary activities 2
Characteristic
Personal care activities
PurchasEating and Household ing goods drinking activities and activities services
Caring for Caring for and and helping helping nonhousehold household members members
Working and workrelated activities
Educational activities
OrganizaOther tional, Telephone activities, Leisure civic, and not calls, mail, and sports religious and email elsewhere activities classified
Total, 18 years and over ........................... No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.29 9.36 9.17 9.20 9.14
1.23 1.31 1.10 1.10 1.10
1.92 1.89 1.96 1.94 1.99
0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.82
0.58 0.08 1.37 0.82 2.08
0.29 0.35 0.19 0.22 0.16
3.86 3.60 4.27 4.42 4.08
0.26 0.25 0.28 0.36 0.18
0.32 0.31 0.34 0.41 0.26
5.06 5.60 4.18 4.39 3.92
0.18 0.22 0.12 0.14 0.11
0.19 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.17
Men ............................................................. No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.05 9.13 8.90 8.99 8.78
1.27 1.35 1.12 1.09 1.16
1.39 1.42 1.34 1.35 1.32
0.70 0.72 0.67 0.66 0.68
0.35 0.07 0.86 0.54 1.27
0.27 0.32 0.18 0.19 0.17
4.81 4.29 5.70 5.49 5.98
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.34 (3)
0.29 0.27 0.32 0.39 0.23
5.34 5.85 4.43 4.70 4.07
0.12 0.15 0.08 0.11 0.05
0.18 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.17
Women ........................................................ No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.50 9.58 9.39 9.37 9.43
1.20 1.28 1.09 1.11 1.06
2.41 2.36 2.48 2.43 2.54
0.95 0.94 0.96 0.99 0.93
0.78 0.09 1.80 1.06 2.73
0.31 0.39 0.20 0.25 0.15
2.98 2.91 3.08 3.52 2.54
0.28 0.25 0.31 0.38 0.23
0.35 0.35 0.36 0.43 0.28
4.80 5.36 3.98 4.13 3.79
0.23 0.29 0.15 0.16 0.15
0.20 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.17
Employed, 18 years and over ................... No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.01 9.04 8.97 9.01 8.91
1.21 1.27 1.12 1.12 1.12
1.53 1.46 1.61 1.67 1.54
0.77 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.76
0.55 0.06 1.19 0.76 1.78
0.26 0.31 0.18 0.20 0.16
5.72 5.80 5.61 5.63 5.59
0.19 0.21 0.18 0.23 0.11
0.27 0.24 0.31 0.37 0.23
4.20 4.51 3.80 3.97 3.56
0.15 0.17 0.11 0.12 0.09
0.15 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.14
Men ............................................................. No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
8.78 8.83 8.72 8.77 8.66
1.23 1.30 1.14 1.11 1.18
1.18 1.16 1.22 1.25 1.17
0.64 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.66
0.39 0.04 0.85 0.51 1.28
0.25 0.30 0.17 0.18 0.15
6.36 6.26 6.49 6.41 6.59
0.18 0.18 0.17
0.25 0.21 0.31 0.38 0.24
4.49 4.80 4.07 4.30 3.80
0.11 0.13 0.07 0.09 0.05
0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14
Women ........................................................ No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.28 9.30 9.25 9.26 9.23
1.17 1.23 1.10 1.13 1.06
1.93 1.83 2.05 2.08 2.00
0.92 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.90
0.74 0.08 1.56 1.01 2.42
0.27 0.32 0.20 0.23 0.16
4.97 5.24 4.64 4.84 4.34
0.21 0.24 0.19 0.22
0.30 0.29 0.32 0.37 0.23
3.85 4.15 3.49 3.65 3.25
0.19 0.22 0.14 0.15 0.14
0.16 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14
Not employed, 18 years and over ............ No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.83 9.85 9.78 9.83 9.73
1.28 1.38 1.04 1.04 1.05
2.69 2.56 3.01 2.88 3.15
0.95 0.93 0.99 1.02 0.95
0.63 0.11 1.93 1.05 2.83
0.36 0.41 0.22 0.28 0.17
0.17 0.16 0.21
0.40 0.32 0.60 0.82
0.42 0.41 0.43 0.53 0.33
6.76 7.32 5.35 5.85 4.85
0.25 0.28 0.17 0.19 0.15
0.27 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.24
Men ............................................................. No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.83 9.76 10.11 10.24 9.85
1.37 1.45 1.01 1.00 1.04
1.98 1.95 2.12 1.90 2.57
0.87 0.90 0.76 0.73
0.33 0.34
0.28
0.45
(3) (3) (3) (3)
(3) (3) (3) (3)
0.39 0.40
0.28 0.27
(3) (3) (3)
7.79 8.03 6.76 6.90 6.49
0.17 0.18
(3)
0.26 0.12 0.88 0.71 1.23
(3) (3) (3)
(3) (3) (3)
Women ........................................................ No household children under 18 ................. Household children under 18 ...................... Household children 6-17, none younger ..... Household children under 6 ........................
9.83 9.91 9.68 9.64 9.71
1.23 1.32 1.05 1.05 1.06
3.10 3.00 3.29 3.33 3.26
0.99 0.96 1.06 1.15 0.98
0.84 0.11 2.26 1.21 3.14
0.37 0.46 0.21 0.29 0.14
0.11
0.36
(3) (3) (3) (3)
(3)
0.43 0.42 0.45 0.58 0.35
6.16 6.81 4.91 5.37 4.53
0.30 0.36 0.18 0.19 0.17
0.26 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.21
1Primary activities are those respondents identify as 2All activity categories include related travel. 3Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
(3) (3) (3)
their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
(3)
(3)
0.55 (3) (3)
454
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-5. Average Hours per Day Spent by Persons 18 Years and Over, Caring for Household Children Under 18 Years, by Sex of Respondent and Age of Youngest Household Child, 2003 Annual Averages (Number.) Hours per day caring for household children Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Persons in households with children under 18, total Caring for household children as a primary activity .................................................................... Physical care .......................................................................................................................... Education-related activities .................................................................................................... Reading to/with children ......................................................................................................... Talking to/with children ........................................................................................................... Playing/doing hobbies with children ....................................................................................... Looking after children ............................................................................................................. Attending children’s events .................................................................................................... Travel related to care of household children .......................................................................... Other childcare activities ........................................................................................................
1.31 0.47 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.24 0.06 0.05 0.17 0.13
0.81 0.22 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.21 0.05 0.04 0.11 0.07
1.73 0.69 0.13 0.05 0.06 0.25 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.19
Persons in households with youngest child 6 to 17 years Caring for household children as a primary activity .................................................................... Physical care .......................................................................................................................... Education-related activities .................................................................................................... Reading to/with children ......................................................................................................... Talking to/with children ........................................................................................................... Playing/doing hobbies with children ....................................................................................... Looking after children ............................................................................................................. Attending children’s events .................................................................................................... Travel related to care of household children .......................................................................... Other childcare activities ........................................................................................................
0.75 0.17 0.11 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.16 0.10
0.49 0.08 0.07
0.98 0.24 0.14 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.21 0.14
Persons in households with youngest child under 6 Caring for household children as a primary activity .................................................................... Physical care .......................................................................................................................... Education-related activities .................................................................................................... Reading to/with children ......................................................................................................... Talking to/with children ........................................................................................................... Playing/doing hobbies with children ....................................................................................... Looking after children ............................................................................................................. Attending children’s events .................................................................................................... Travel related to care of household children .......................................................................... Other childcare activities ........................................................................................................
2.02 0.87 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.47 0.11 0.04 0.18 0.18
(1)
0.03 0.06 (1) (1)
0.11 0.06 1.22 0.41 (1)
0.03 (1)
0.41 0.09 (1)
0.11 0.07
Note: Universe includes respondents 18 years and over living in households, with children under 18 years, even if they did not report doing childcare on the diary day. 1Data
not shown where base is less than 800,000.
2.68 1.24 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.52 0.13 0.05 0.24 0.26
455
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
Table 12-6. Average Hours per Day Spent in Leisure and Sports Activities for the Total Population by Selected Characteristics, 2003 Annual Averages (Number.) Total, all leisure and sports activities Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation Men
Women
Socializing and communicating Men
Watching TV
Women
Men
Women
Age Total, 15 years and over .............................................................. 15 to 24 years .............................................................................. 25 to 34 years .............................................................................. 35 to 44 years .............................................................................. 45 to 54 years .............................................................................. 55 to 64 years .............................................................................. 65 years and over ........................................................................
5.11 5.46 4.30 4.20 4.67 5.27 7.16
5.41 5.92 4.58 4.60 4.89 5.55 7.52
4.83 4.99 4.03 3.81 4.46 5.02 6.88
0.39 0.67 0.37 0.32 0.27 0.34 0.33
0.21 0.36 0.22 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.13
0.72 1.00 0.72 0.63 0.60 0.63 0.73
0.83 1.02 0.83 0.72 0.83 0.78 0.81
2.75 2.29 2.33 2.54 2.65 3.06 4.05
2.41 2.17 2.01 1.87 2.26 2.53 3.70
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White ............................................................................................ Black or African American ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..........................................................
5.07 5.55 4.85
5.32 6.13 5.28
4.83 5.09 4.41
0.39 0.32 0.46
0.23 0.12 0.19
0.71 0.77 0.76
0.83 0.84 0.79
2.69 3.35 2.78
2.39 2.72 2.53
Employment Status Employed ..................................................................................... Employed full-time ........................................................................ Employed part-time ...................................................................... Not employed ...............................................................................
4.23 4.06 4.83 6.71
4.53 4.33 5.60 7.66
3.89 3.66 4.40 6.12
0.35 0.32 0.52 0.48
0.21 0.19 0.24 0.21
0.65 0.64 0.75 0.90
0.74 0.67 0.91 0.95
2.26 2.21 2.55 3.98
1.83 1.76 2.00 3.19
Presence of children No household children under 18 .................................................. Household children under 18 ....................................................... Children 13 to 17 years, none younger ........................................ Children 6 to 12 years, none younger .......................................... Youngest child under 6 years .......................................................
5.62 4.35 4.77 4.44 4.02
5.87 4.64 5.14 4.76 4.23
5.36 4.10 4.45 4.18 3.84
0.39 0.39 0.47 0.43 0.30
0.21 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.16
0.71 0.74 0.78 0.76 0.70
0.84 0.82 0.84 0.80 0.83
3.07 2.21 2.26 2.27 2.14
2.69 2.02 2.18 2.01 1.93
Educational attainment, 25 years and over Less than high school .................................................................. High school diploma 1 ................................................................... Less than a bachelor’s degree ..................................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 2 .......................................................
6.29 5.36 4.78 4.29
6.75 5.52 5.08 4.56
5.87 5.21 4.53 4.01
0.32 0.32 0.26 0.38
0.11 0.13 0.17 0.28
0.76 0.68 0.63 0.62
0.85 0.84 0.76 0.74
3.94 3.19 2.70 2.11
3.47 2.81 2.28 1.66
1Includes 2Includes
persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
456
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-6. Average Hours per Day Spent in Leisure and Sports Activities for the Total Population by Selected Characteristics, 2003 Annual Averages—Continued (Number.) Reading
Relaxing/thinking
Playing games and computer use for leisure
Characteristic Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Other leisure and sports activities including travel 3 Men
Women
Age Total, 15 years and over .............................................................. 15 to 24 years .............................................................................. 25 to 34 years .............................................................................. 35 to 44 years .............................................................................. 45 to 54 years .............................................................................. 55 to 64 years .............................................................................. 65 years and over ........................................................................
0.33 0.14 0.14 0.20 0.30 0.43 0.94
0.40 0.14 0.18 0.26 0.34 0.55 1.01
0.34 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.38 0.39 0.66
0.32 0.22 0.24 0.22 0.30 0.34 0.63
0.36 0.80 0.36 0.21 0.24 0.25 0.26
0.23 0.43 0.19 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.24
0.52 0.79 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.54
0.43 0.65 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.42 0.37
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White ............................................................................................ Black or African American ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..........................................................
0.35 0.19 0.15
0.44 0.18 0.13
0.31 0.58 0.33
0.29 0.56 0.24
0.34 0.45 0.27
0.23 0.28 0.12
0.53 0.47 0.53
0.43 0.38 0.41
Employment Status Employed ..................................................................................... Employed full-time ........................................................................ Employed part-time ...................................................................... Not employed ...............................................................................
0.23 0.21 0.34 0.57
0.28 0.26 0.32 0.57
0.28 0.28 0.31 0.50
0.23 0.23 0.23 0.44
0.30 0.26 0.50 0.52
0.19 0.16 0.24 0.30
0.45 0.42 0.64 0.70
0.41 0.39 0.46 0.45
Presence of children No household children under 18 .................................................. Household children under 18 ....................................................... Children 13 to 17 years, none younger ........................................ Children 6 to 12 years, none younger .......................................... Youngest child under 6 years .......................................................
0.40 0.20 0.28 0.19 0.15
0.54 0.21 0.29 0.23 0.14
0.38 0.28 0.30 0.27 0.27
0.38 0.23 0.26 0.22 0.23
0.37 0.35 0.55 0.33 0.25
0.25 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.20
0.55 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.43
0.44 0.41 0.44 0.46 0.35
Educational attainment, 25 years and over Less than high school .................................................................. High school diploma 1 ................................................................... Less than a bachelor’s degree ..................................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 2 .......................................................
0.29 0.25 0.37 0.52
0.35 0.45 0.44 0.54
0.79 0.41 0.31 0.18
0.65 0.41 0.27 0.17
0.19 0.23 0.33 0.27
0.12 0.21 0.23 0.17
0.44 0.44 0.47 0.48
0.31 0.37 0.38 0.44
Note: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Hispanics may be of any race. 1Includes 2Includes 3Includes
persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities.
INDEX
INDEX
A ABSENCES FROM WORK Defined, 7 Full-time workers, 129 ACCOUNTING AND BOOKKEEPING Producer Price Indexes, 341 ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AND SUPPORT Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 ADVERTISING OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 AGE Absences from work full-time workers by age, 129 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Children employment status of women by age of children, 135 Children number and age of children in families, 139 Children under 3 employment status of mothers, 86 Children under 6 labor force participation rates of women with children under 6, 132 Children under 18 employment status of parents, 84 Civilian labor force employment status by age, 32 participation rates, 41 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by age, 11, 23 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by age, 11 Consumer expenditures averages by age of reference person, 382 averages for age groups by income before taxes, 389–394 Days away from work due to injury or illness, 410 Educational attainment statistics, 76 Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers employment status by age, 51 Employed civilians, 55 Labor management relations union membership by age, 420 Multiple jobholder statistics, 79 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 124 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by age, 412
Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 145 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 144 Percent of the population with experience by age, 118 Persons not in the labor force, 54 Population ratios, 64 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by age, 245 Tenure of full-time workers by age, 130 Unemployed persons by age, 89, 116 Unemployment rates by age, 88, 98 AGENTS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 AGGREGATE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE Defined, 242 AGGREGATE WEEKLY HOURS Defined, 157 AGRICULTURE Civilians employed by, 71, 72, 75 Classes of workers, 75 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Salaried workers, 75 Self-employed workers, 75 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 Unpaid family workers, 75 Wage earners, 75 AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING Benefits, 311 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 AIR FARES Export price indexes, 371 Import price indexes, 371 AIR FREIGHT Export price indexes, 371 Import price indexes, 371 AIR TRANSPORTATION Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Producer Price Indexes, 341 ALTERNATIVE WORK ARRANGEMENTS Earnings median usual weekly earnings of workers, 144 Employed workers with alternative work arrangements, 140 AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) Age average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Average hours spent per day in primary activities caring for household children under 18 years, 454 leisure and sports activities, 455
459
460
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
persons reporting on the diary day, 450 population 18 years and over, 453 population by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 451 total population, 450 Average hours worked per day, 452 Concepts, 448 Definitions, 448 Highlights, 447 Hispanic origin average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Race average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Sex average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Survey methodology, 448 AMERICAS Hourly compensation costs, 437 ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND VEGETABLE OILS Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 APPAREL PRODUCTS Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 ARCHITECTS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Producer Price Indexes, 341 ARMED FORCES Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 ART AND DESIGN Employment and wages by occupation, 227 ASIAN NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES Hourly compensation costs, 437 Import price indexes, 368 ASIAN RACE Defined, 6 ATTORNEYS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 AT WORK PART-TIME FOR ECONOMIC REASONS Defined, 5 AT WORK PART-TIME FOR NONECONOMIC REASONS Defined, 6 AUSTRALIA Hourly compensation costs, 437 AUSTRIA Hourly compensation costs, 437 AUTO REPAIR SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227
Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 AVAILABILITY FOR WORK Persons not in the labor force employment statistics, 54 AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS Defined, 157 Manufacturing payrolls, 186, 187 Nonfarm payrolls, 184, 185 Production workers by state, 207, 208 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Defined, 157 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS Defined, 158 Nonfarm payrolls, 189, 190 Production workers, 192, 193 Summary of selected economic indicators, xxix AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Defined, 157 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, 178–181 Production or nonsupervisory workers by state, 204, 205 manufacturing payrolls, 172, 173 manufacturing payrolls by sector or industry, 164, 165 private nonfarm payrolls, 170, 171 B BANKING Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 BELGIUM Hourly compensation costs, 437 BENEFITS Collection of statistics, 326 Compensation of employees compensation costs per hour worked, 320, 322 Employment Cost Index, 292 Definitions, 290 Employee Benefits Survey, 326 Employment Cost Index, 311 Medical care benefits percent of participants required to contribute, 328 Occupations, 311 Percent of workers participating in selected benefits, 327 State and local government workers, 311 BEVERAGES Export price indexes, 358 BLACK RACE Defined, 6 BLUE COLLAR WORKERS Benefits, 311 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 BONUSES Definitions, 290
INDEX
BROKERS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 BUILDING AND GROUNDS CLEANING Employment and wages by occupation, 227 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS (BLS) Business employment dynamics, xxi Comparison of BLS statistic’s productivity measures, xxvii Cross-sectional results, xxii Data on gross job gains and losses, xxi Gross job gain rates, xxiii Longitudinal establishment microdata, xxii Outsourcing and offshoring effects on productivity measures, xxv Sources of labor productivity growth in manufacturing, xxvi BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS Data on gross job gains and losses, xxi Private sector gross job gains and losses, 218–220 BUSINESS SECTOR Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Output defined, 272 Outsourcing and offshoring, xxv C CABLE AND PAY TELEVISION SERVICES Producer Price Indexes, 341 CANADA Hourly compensation costs, 437 Import price indexes, 368 CAPITAL SERVICES Defined, 272 CARPENTERS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 CHILDREN Age employment status of women by age of children, 135 Age number and age of children in families, 139 Defined, 7 Number and age of children in families, 139 Status of all women by the presence and age of children, 135 Status of women who maintain families, 137
461
CHILDREN UNDER 3 Employment status of mothers, 86 CHILDREN UNDER 6 Labor force participation rates of women with children under 6, 132 CHILDREN UNDER 18 Employment status of parents, 84 CITIZENSHIP Employed civilians by occupation, citizenship status, and sex, 142 Employment status by citizenship status and sex, 141 Total earnings of full-time workers by citizenship status, 143 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Age employment status by, 32 participation rates, 41 Benefits, 311 Defined, 5 Education percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Employment statistics, 55 Foreign labor and price statistics participation rate, 433 Hispanic origin employment status by, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Occupational statistics employed civilians by occupation, 142 Percentage increase of the civilian labor force, 3 Population ratios, 64 Projections of labor force and employment sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 245 Race employment status by race, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Sex employment status by, 19, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Unemployment rates by race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age, 88, 98 Unemployment rates by selected characteristics, 88, 98 CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONAL POPULATION Age, employment status by, 11, 23 Citizenship employment status by citizenship status and sex, 141 Defined, 4 Employment status, 9 Hispanic origin, 11, 19, 23 Marital status, employment status by, 19 Race, employment status by, 11, 19, 23 Region employment status by, 22
462
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Sex, employment status by, 10, 11, 19, 23 States employment status by, 22 Unemployment in families, 81 CLERICAL SERVICES Consumer Price Indexes, 351 COAL MINING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Producer Price Indexes, 341 COLLECTION OF STATISTICS Employment and hours, 156 COLLEGES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 COMMODITIES Consumer Price Indexes, 347 Export price indexes, 358 Producer Price Indexes, 339 COMMUNICATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 COMMUNITY SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Benefits collection of statistics, 326 compensation costs per hour worked, 320, 322 Employee Benefits Survey, 326 Employment Cost Index, 311 percent of workers participating in selected benefits, 327 Collection of statistics, 290 Concepts, 290 Definitions, 290 Employment Cost Index benefits, 311 hours worked, 320, 322, 323, 324 private industry workers, 292 state and local government workers, 307 unions, 311, 315 Foreign labor and price statistics hourly compensation costs, 437 Highlights, 289 Hours state and local government, 323, 324 Local government workers Employment Cost Index, 307 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours full-time and part-time workers, 331 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, 330 private industry, 329 state and local government, 329
Percent change in private industry wages, salaries, and benefits, 289 Private industry workers Employment Cost Index, 292, 320, 322, 323 State and local government workers costs per hour worked, 323, 324 Employment Cost Index, 307 Unions Employment Cost Index, 311, 315 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 COMPUTER SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONS Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 Workers defined, 157 CONSUMER EXPENDITURES Age groups by income before taxes, 389–394 Age of reference person, 382 Average annual of all consumer units, 378 Averages by age of reference person, 382 Averages by composition of consumer unit, 384 Averages by education of reference person, 401 Averages by housing tenure, 386 Averages by income before taxes, 380 Averages by number of earners, 385 Averages by quintiles of income before taxes, 381 Averages by size of consumer unit, 383 Collection of data, 376 Composition of consumer unit, 384 Definitions, 376 Educational attainment averages by education of reference person, 401 Highlights, 375 Housing tenure and ethnicity, 386 Income before taxes, 380 Midwest region, 399 Northeast region, 397 Number of earners, 385 Occupation of reference person, 388 Purpose of the Consumer Expenditure Survey, 376 Quintiles of income before taxes, 381 Region of residence, 387 Selected metropolitan statistical areas, 397 Shares of average annual expenditures of all consumer units, 379 Single men by income before taxes, 395
INDEX
Single women by income before taxes, 396 Size of consumer unit, 383 South region, 398 West region, 400 CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY (CEX) Purpose of the survey, 376 CONSUMER PRICE INDEXES (CPI) Clerical services, 351 Coverage of the CPI, 344 Current methodology, 344 Definitions, 344 Foreign labor and price statistics, 438, 439 Percentage change in indexes, 335 Periodic updating, 344 Purchasing power of the consumer dollar, 349 Regional indexes, 356 Relative importance of components in the CPI, 355 Sources of additional information, 345 Summary of selected economic indicators, xxix Urban consumers commodity, service, and special groups, 347 major groups, 346 purchasing power of the consumer dollar, 349 selected groups, 349 U.S. city average, 346, 354 Urban wage earners, 351 CONSUMER UNITS Consumer expenditures average annual of all consumer units, 378 averages by composition of consumer unit, 384 averages by size of consumer unit, 383 shares of annual average expenditures of all consumer units, 379 Defined, 377 CONTINGENT WORKERS Employed contingent workers by occupation and industry, 141 Employed contingent workers by work preferences, 142 Health insurance employed workers with health insurance, 143 Pension plans employed workers with pension plans, 143 CONTRACTORS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 CONTRIBUTION PLANS COSTS Productivity and related costs see PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS COVERED WORKERS Employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 214–216 CRUDE MATERIALS Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363
463
D DAYS AWAY FROM WORK Occupational safety and health number of injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, 410, 411 DAYS OF IDLENESS Definitions, 418 DECLINES Industries with the largest output growth and declines, 249 DEFINITIONS Absences, 7 Aggregate economic performance, 242 Aggregate weekly hours, 157 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 448 Asian race, 6 At work part-time for economic reasons, 5 At work part-time for noneconomic reasons, 6 Average hourly earnings, 157 Average hours per day, 448 Average overtime hours, 157 Average weekly earnings, 158 Average weekly hours, 157 Benefits, 290 Black race, 6 Bonuses, 290 Business employment dynamics, xxi Business sector output, 272 Capital services, 272 Children, 7 Civilian labor force, 5 Civilian noninstitutional population, 4 Compensation of employees, 290 Construction workers, 157 Consumer Expenditure Survey, 376 Consumer Price Index, 344 Consumer unit, 377 Data on gross job gains and losses, xxi Days away from work, 406 Days of idleness, 418 Diary day, 448 Discouraged workers, 5 Duration of unemployment, 4 Earner, 377 Earnings, 7 Educational activities, 449 Educational attainment, 7 Employed persons, 4 Employment by occupation, 243 Employment Cost Index, 290 Employment to population ratio, 5 Expenditures, 377 Export price indexes, 357 Extent of unemployment, 7 Family, 6 Fatal occupational injuries, 406 Final demand, 242 Final review, 243
464
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Foreign labor and price statistics, 432 Hispanic origin, 6 Hours, 157 Household, 6 Household activities, 449 Household children, 448 Householder, 377 Implicit deflator, 272 Import price indexes, 357 Incidence, 326 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls, 157 Indexes of hourly compensation, 272 Indexes of labor, 273 Indexes of total compensation, 273 Indexes of unit labor costs, 273 Industry classification, 156 Industry employment, 156, 243 Industry hours and earnings, 156 Input-output, 243 Labor force, 5 Labor force projections, 242 Labor input, 273 Labor management relations, 418 Leisure, 449 Manufacturing multifactor productivity index, 273 Marital status, 6 Measures of labor input, 272 Minimum wages, 7 Multifactor productivity measures, 272 Multiple jobholders, 5 Net output values, 336 Never married, 6 Nonfarm payrolls, 157 Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, 406 Nonsupervisory workers, 157 Occupation, industry, and class of worker, 5 Occupational Employment Statistics Program, 224 Occupational illness, 406 Occupational injury, 406 Occupational safety and health, 406 Output index, 273 Output per hour indexes, 273 Overtime hours, 157 Participation, 326 Participation rate, 5 Payroll, 157 Personal care activities, 448 Persons not in the labor force, 5 Persons with work experience, 6 Population, labor force, and employment status, 4 Producer Price Index, 336 Production and related workers, 157 Productivity and costs, 272 Projections of labor force and employment, 242 Quarterly measures of output per hour, 272 Racial identities, 6 Reasons for unemployment, 4 Recordable occupational injuries and illnesses, 406 Reference person, 377
Salaries, 290 Single, 6 Spell of unemployment, 6 Sports, 449 Spouse present, 6 Stoppages, 418 Tenure, 6 Total compensation costs, 290 Unemployed persons, 4 Unemployment rate, 5 Union membership, 418 Usual full- or part-time status, 5 Wages, 290 White race, 6 Workers, 418 Work stoppages, 418 Year-round full-time workers, 6 DENMARK Hourly compensation costs, 437 DESIRE FOR WORK Persons not in the labor force employment statistics, 54 DISCOURAGED WORKERS Defined, 5 DIVORCED PERSONS Employment status, 84 DOCTORS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 DRINKING PLACES Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 DURABLE GOODS Manufacturing see MANUFACTURING—DURABLE GOODS Wholesale trade see WHOLESALE TRADE—DURABLE GOODS DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 4 Unemployed workers by duration of unemployment, 113 E EARNER Defined, 377 EARNINGS Alternative work arrangements median usual weekly earnings of workers, 144 Average hourly earnings by state, 207, 208 manufacturing payrolls, 186, 187 nonfarm payrolls, 184, 185 Average weekly earnings by state, 210, 211 nonfarm payrolls, 189, 190 production workers, 192, 193 Citizenship status full-time workers by citizenship status, 143 Collection of statistics, 156
INDEX
Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 214–216 Defined, 7 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 226 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 Employees on government payrolls by state, 201, 202 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 198, 199 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Foreign labor and price statistics hourly compensation costs, 437 Highlights, 183 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 329, 330, 331 Median family income by type of family, 140 Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates at or below minimum wage, 128 Nonsupervisory workers average hourly earnings, 184–187 average weekly earnings, 189–193 payrolls by industry, 166–169 Production workers average hourly earnings, 184–187 average weekly earnings, 189–193 payrolls by industry, 166–169 Union membership median weekly earnings of workers, 424 ECONOMIC INDICATORS Summary of selected indicators, xxix EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Attainment of education defined, 7 Civilian labor force employed civilians by occupation, 142 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Consumer expenditures averages by education of reference person, 401 Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Earnings median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 Employed persons 25 years and over by educational attainment, 76 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Foreign-born civilians employed civilians by occupation, 142 Median annual earnings by education, 151 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 145 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 144 Unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 146
465
EDUCATION OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 EMPLOYED PERSONS Compensation of employees see COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Defined, 4 EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATIONS Wage and salary employees who were association members, 426 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SURVEY Collection of data, 326 EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION Defined, 243 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 226 Wages by major occupational group, 225, 227 EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX (ECI) Compensation of employees benefits, 311 hours worked, 320, 322, 323, 324 private industry workers, 292, 315 state and local government workers, 307 unions, 311, 315 Defined, 290 Employee Benefits Survey, 326 Regions, 315 EMPLOYMENT—GENERALLY Collection of statistics, 156 Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 214–216 Data on gross job gains and losses, xxi Definitions, 157 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 226 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Employment and output by industry, 251 Employment and wages by occupation, 225, 227 Employment by occupation, 256 Highlights, 155 Occupational statistics see OCCUPATIONAL STATISTICS Private sector gross job gains and losses, 218–220
466
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Production or nonsupervisory workers, 164, 165 Production worker payrolls by industry, 166–169 Sources of additional information, 158 Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector, groups, and industry 162, 163 EMPLOYMENT STATUS Agricultural labor statistics, 71, 72, 75 Children under 3 parental statistics, 86 Children under 6 labor force participation rates of mothers with children under 6, 132 Children under 18 parental statistics, 84 Civilian labor force employment statistics, 32, 55 Civilian noninstitutional population employment statistics, 9 Comparability of labor force levels, 7 Concepts, 4 Definitions, 4 Divorced persons, 84 Educational attainment statistics, 76 Employed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment statistics, 51 Families employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 81 presence and relationship of employed members, 82 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 83 Full-time workers by age, sex, and race employment statistics, 51 Historical comparability of statistics, 7 Industrial employment statistics, 71, 72 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 114, 115 Marital status population by marital status and sex, 133 Married and ever-married women, 136 Married couples, 83 Men population by marital status and sex, 133 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 rates of employment, 78, 79 Occupational and Industrial Classification System changes in, 8 Occupational statistics, 67, 68 Participation rates for the labor force, 5 Part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment statistics, 51 Percent of the population with experience by sex and age, 118 Persons not in the labor force desire and availability for work, 54 Population ratios, 64 Status of the population by marital status and sex, 133
Unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment statistics, 51 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 113 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 109, 110 Unemployed persons by race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age, 89 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 111, 112 Women population by marital status and sex, 133 Women and single women by presence and age of children, 135 Work experience see WORK EXPERIENCE EMPLOYMENT TO POPULATION RATIO Defined, 5 ENGINEERS AND SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Producer Price Indexes, 341 ENTERTAINMENT OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 EUROPEAN UNION Hourly compensation costs, 437 Import price indexes, 368 EXECUTIVE OCCUPATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployment rates by occupation, 107, 108 EXPENDITURES Defined, 377 EXPORT PRICE INDEXES Air freight, 371 Air passenger fares, 371 Collection of data, 357 Coverage of the indexes, 357 Definitions, 357 Percent changes for selected categories, 371 Selected categories of goods, 358 EXTENT OF EMPLOYMENT Defined, 7 Number or persons with work experience during the year, 120 Percent distribution of the population with work experience, 121 EXTENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 6 Percent distribution of unemployed persons during the year, 123 Unemployment during the year by sex, 122 EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227
INDEX
F FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Productivity and costs, 282 FABRICATORS see OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS FAMILIES Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by citizenship status and sex, 141 Defined, 6 Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 81 Median family income by type of family, 140 Number and age of children in families, 139 Number of families and median family income, 140 Presence and relationship of employed members, 82 Status of all women by the presence and age of children, 135 Status of ever-married women, 136 Status of the population by marital status and sex, 133 Status of women who maintain families, 137 Unemployed workers presence and relationship of employed family members, 83 FARMING see AGRICULTURE FINAL DEMAND Defined, 242 FINAL REVIEW Defined, 243 FINANCE Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 FINLAND Hourly compensation costs, 437 FISHING see FORESTRY AND FISHING FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 FOOD SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227
467
Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 FOREIGN-BORN CIVILIANS Education employed civilians by occupation, citizenship status, and sex, 142 FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Civilian labor force participation rate, 433 Collection of data, 432 Compensation of employees hourly compensation costs, 437 Consumer Price Indexes, 438, 439 Definitions, 432 Employment-population ratios, 442 Gross Domestic Product real GDP per capita, 440 real GDP per capita and per employed person, 443 real GDP per employed person, 441 Highlights, 431 Hourly compensation costs, 437 Manufacturing productivity, 435 Sources of additional information, 432 Status of the working-age population, 433 Trade-weighted measures, 437 Unemployment rate, 433 FORESTRY AND FISHING Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 FRANCE Hourly compensation costs, 437 FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 FUEL OIL AND OTHER FUELS Consumer Price Indexes, 354 FULL-TIME WORKERS Absences from work, 129 Benefits percent of workers participating in selected benefits, 327 Citizenship status earnings by citizenship status, 143 Earnings median usual weekly earnings of workers, 144 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 Employment status by age, sex, and race, 51 Jobs held the longest, 125 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 331
468
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 128 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 124 Tenure wage and salary workers by industry, 131 wage and salary workers by sex and age, 130 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 G GASOLINE Consumer Price Indexes, 354 GENDER see SEX GERMANY, FORMER WEST Hourly compensation costs, 437 GERMANY, UNITED Hourly compensation costs, 437 GOVERNMENT WORKERS Benefits, 311 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 307 Employees on government payrolls by state, 201, 202 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 329 Nonagricultural industries, 75 GREECE Hourly compensation costs, 437 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) Foreign labor and price statistics real GDP per capita, 440 real GDP per capita and per employed person, 443 real GDP per employed person, 441 GROWTH Fastest growing occupations, 248 Industries with the largest output growth, 249 H HEALTH Occupational safety and health see OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH HEALTHCARE SUPPORT Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Producer Price Indexes, 341
HEALTH INSURANCE Contingent workers employed workers with health insurance, 143 Medical care benefits percent of participants required to contribute, 328 Noncontingent workers employed workers with health insurance, 143 HIGHWAY WORKERS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 HISPANIC ORIGIN American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Civilian labor force employment status, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Civilian noninstitutional population 11, 19, 23 Consumer expenditures averages by housing tenure, 386 Days away from work due to injury or illness, 410 Defined, 6 Educational attainment statistics, 76 Employed civilians, 55 Employment status, 11, 19, 23 Families employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 81 Labor management relations union membership by Hispanic origin, 420 Multiple jobholder statistics, 79 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by Hispanic origin, 412 Occupational statistics, 67, 68 Population ratios, 64 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by Hispanic origin, 245 Unemployed persons by Hispanic origin, 89 Unemployment rates by Hispanic origin, 88, 98 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Bureau of Labor Statistics compensation surveys, xviii HONG KONG, SAR Hourly compensation costs, 437 HOSPITALS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Producer Price Indexes, 341 HOTELS AND MOTELS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Producer Price Indexes, 341 HOURS Aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 178–181 American Time Use Survey average hours per day spent caring for household children, 454
INDEX
average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 455 average hours per day spent in primary activities, 453 average hours worked per day, 452 Average weekly hours of nonfarm employees, 170, 171 Average weekly hours of production workers, 172, 173 Average weekly hours of workers by state, 204, 205 Collection of statistics, 156 Compensation of employees employer compensation costs per hour worked, 320, 322, 323, 324 state and local government workers, 323, 324 Definitions, 157 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 198, 199 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Highlights, 155 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours full-time and part-time workers, 331 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, 330 private industry, 329 state and local government, 329 Nonsupervisory workers average weekly hours of workers, 170–173 indexes of aggregate weekly hours, 178–181 overtime hours, 175, 176 Production workers average weekly hours of workers, 170–173 indexes of aggregate weekly hours, 178–181 overtime hours, 175, 176 payrolls by industry, 168, 169 Sources of additional information, 158 State and local government workers, costs per hour worked, 323, 324 HOUSEHOLD Defined, 6 HOUSEHOLDER Defined, 377 HOUSING Consumer expenditures averages by housing tenure, 386 Consumer Price Indexes, 354 I IMPLICIT DEFLATOR Defined, 272 IMPORT PRICE INDEXES Air fares, 371 Air freight, 371 Asian newly industrialized countries, 368 Canada, 368 Collection of data, 357 Coverage of the indexes, 357 Definitions, 357 Developing countries, 357 European Union, 368 Industrialized countries, 368 Japan, 368
469
Latin America, 368 Percent changes for selected categories, 371 Selected categories of goods, 363 INCOME Citizenship status earnings by citizenship status, 143 Consumer expenditures averages by income before taxes, 380 averages by quintiles of income before taxes, 381 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 Family income by type of family, 140 INDEXES OF AGGREGATE WEEKLY HOURS AND PAYROLLS Definitions, 157 Production or nonsupervisory workers, 178–181 INDEXES OF HOURLY COMPENSATION Defined, 272 INDEXES OF LABOR Defined, 273 INDEXES OF MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY Manufacturing, 280, 282 Private business, 280 Private nonfarm business, 280 Selected years, 280 INDEXES OF OUTPUT PER HOUR Business and manufacturing, 271 Defined, 273 INDEXES OF PRODUCTIVITY AND RELATED DATA Foreign countries, 435 Statistics, 274 INDEXES OF TOTAL COMPENSATION Defined, 273 INDEXES OF UNIT LABOR COSTS Business and manufacturing, 271 Defined, 273 INDEX OF EMPLOYMENT COSTS Compensation of employees benefits, 311 hours worked, 320, 322, 323, 324 private industry workers, 292 state and local government workers, 307 unions, 311, 315 INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MACHINERY Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Productivity and costs, 282 INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES Import price indexes, 368 INDUSTRY Contingent and noncontingent workers, 141 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Employment and output by industry, 251 Largest output growth and declines, 249
470
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Occupational safety and health see OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Tenure of workers by industry, 131 Unemployment rates by industry, 111, 112 INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION Defined, 156 INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT Defined, 156 Hours and earnings, 156 Labor statistics, 71, 72 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Unemployment rates by industry, 111, 112 INFORMATION SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 INPUT-OUTPUT Defined, 243 INSTALLATION OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Productivity and costs, 282 INSURANCE CARRIERS Civilians employed by, 67 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 75 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 IRELAND Hourly compensation costs, 437 ISRAEL Hourly compensation costs, 437 ITALY Hourly compensation costs, 437 J JAPAN Hourly compensation costs, 437 Import price indexes, 368 JOB GROWTH Data on gross job gains and losses, xxi Fastest growing occupations, 248 Gross job gain rates, xxiii Percentage increase of the civilian labor force, 3 Private sector job gains, 218–220 JOB LOSSES Data on gross job gains and losses, xxi Outsourcing and offshoring, xxv Private sector job losses, 218–220 JOB OPENINGS Data on gross job gains and losses, xxi Gross job gain rates, xxiii Projected net employment change by occupation, 250
JOB STATUS Multiple jobholder statistics, 79 K KOREA Hourly compensation costs, 437 L LABORERS see OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS LABOR FORCE Agricultural labor statistics, 71, 72, 75 BLS projections to Year 1988, xviii Civilian labor force employment statistics, 32, 55 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status, 9 Collection of statistics, 4 Comparability of levels of labor force, 7 Concepts, 4 Definitions, 4 Educational attainment statistics, 76 Employed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Families children under 3, 86 children under 6, 132 children under 18, 84 employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 81 presence and relationship of employed members, 82 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 83 Fastest growing occupations, 248 Foreign labor and price statistics see FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Full-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Historic comparability of statistics, 7 Industrial employment statistics, 71, 72 Jobs held the longest, 119 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 114, 115 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 rates of employment, 78, 79 North American Industry Classification System changes in the OICS, 8 Occupational and Industrial Classification System changes in, 8 Occupational statistics, 67, 68 Participation rates for the labor force, 5 Part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Percent of the population with experience by sex and age, 118
INDEX
Persons not in the labor force desire and availability for work, 54 Population ratios, 64 Unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 113 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 109, 110 Unemployment by race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age, 89 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 111, 112 Work experience see WORK EXPERIENCE LABOR INPUT Defined, 273 LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Affiliation of employed workers by state, 427 Affiliation of wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, 422 Age union membership by age, 420 Collection of data, 418 Definitions, 418 Highlights, 417 Hispanic origin union membership by Hispanic origin, 420 Men union membership by sex, 420 Race union membership by race, 420 Sex union membership by sex, 420 Sources of additional information, 418 Union membership affiliation of wage and salary workers, 420, 422 median weekly earnings of workers, 424 members by year, 426 Women union membership by sex, 420 Work stoppages stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more, 419 LABOR UNIONS Affiliation of members by state, 427 Affiliation of wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, 422 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 311 median weekly earnings of workers by affiliation, 424 salaries and wages, 315 Wage and salary employees who were union members, 426 LATIN AMERICA Import price indexes, 368 LAWYERS AND LEGAL SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Producer Price Indexes, 341
471
LEASING Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 LEGAL OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 LEISURE Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 455 LIBRARY OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 LIFE, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 LIFE INSURANCE CARRIERS Producer Price Indexes, 341 LIVE ANIMALS Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS Compensation of employees costs per hour worked, 323, 324 Employment Cost Index, 307 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 329 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 LUXEMBOURG Hourly compensation costs, 437 M MACHINE OPERATORS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 MACHINERY Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 MAINTENANCE OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 296 MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTIES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307
472
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 MANUFACTURING—DURABLE GOODS Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 368 Indexes of multifactor productivity, 282 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Outsourcing and offshoring, xxv Producer Price Indexes, 341 Production workers payrolls by industry, 166, 167 Productivity and costs indexes of multifactor productivity, 282 MANUFACTURING—NONDURABLE GOODS Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Import price indexes, 368 Indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures, 282 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Outsourcing and offshoring, xxv Payrolls by industry, 168, 169 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Production workers payrolls by industry, 168, 169 Productivity and costs indexes of multifactor productivity, 282 MANUFACTURING PAYROLLS Aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 178–181 Average hourly earnings of production workers, 186, 187 Average weekly earnings of production workers, 176 Average weekly hours of production workers, 172, 173 Average weekly overtime hours of production workers, 175, 176 Defined, 157 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 198, 199 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 178–181 Overtime hours, 175, 176
Production workers on payrolls by industry, 166–169 MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY Foreign labor and price statistics, 435 MARITAL STATUS Civilian noninstitutional status employment status, 19 Defined, 6 Employment status population by marital status and sex, 133 Multiple jobholder statistics, 79 Status of ever-married women, 136 Status of the population by marital status, 133 Status of women who maintain families, 137 MARKETING MANAGERS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 MARRIED COUPLES Employment status, 84 Families presence and relationship of employed members, 82 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 83 MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 MEASURES OF LABOR INPUT Defined, 272 MEAT AND MEAT PREPARATIONS Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 MECHANICS Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Unemployment rates by occupation, 107, 108 MEDIA OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 MEDICAL CARE Consumer Price Indexes, 354 MEDICAL CARE BENEFITS Percent of participants required to contribute, 328 MEN Alternative work arrangements, 140 Consumer expenditures averages for single men by income before taxes, 395 Education employed civilians by occupation, 142 median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Employment status population by marital status and sex, 133 Families presence and relationship of employed members, 82 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 83 Labor management relations union membership by sex, 420 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by sex, 412
INDEX
Occupation of longest held job, 147 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by sex, 245 Unemployment rates selected characteristics, 88, 98 METAL INDUSTRIES Productivity and costs, 282 METAL MINING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 MEXICO Hourly compensation costs, 437 MILITARY Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 MINIMUM WAGE Defined, 7 Workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 128 MINING Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 MOTHERS Children under 3 employment status of mothers, 86 Children under 6 labor force participation rates of mothers with children under 6, 132 Children under 18 employment status of mothers, 84 Employment status of all women by presence and age of children, 135 Families see FAMILIES Number and age of children in families and status of mothers, 139 Status of ever-married women, 136 MOTOR VEHICLES Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES Defined, 272 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Defined, 5 Industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Rates of employment, 78, 79
473
N NATIONAL COMPENSATION SURVEY Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours full-time workers, 331 metropolitan areas, 330 nonmetropolitan areas, 330 part-time workers, 331 private industry, 329 state and local government, 329 NETHERLANDS Hourly compensation costs, 437 NET OUTPUT VALUES Defined, 336 NEW ZEALAND Hourly compensation costs, 437 NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES Classes of workers, 75 Employed noncontingent workers by occupation and industry, 141 Wage and salary workers, 75 NONCONTINGENT WORKERS Employed noncontingent workers by occupation and industry, 141 Employed workers by work preferences, 142 Health insurance employed workers with health insurance, 143 Pension plans employed workers with pension plans, 143 NONDURABLE GOODS Manufacturing see MANUFACTURING—NONDURABLE GOODS Wholesale trade see WHOLESALE TRADE—NONDURABLE GOODS NONFARM SECTOR Aggregate weekly hours of workers, 178, 179 Average hourly earnings, 184, 185 Average weekly earnings, 189, 190 Average weekly hours of production, 170, 171 Collection of statistics, 156 Definitions, 156 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state, 195 Highlights, 155 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, 178, 179 Indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures, 280 Outsourcing and offshoring, xxv Percentage change in nonfarm payroll employment, 155 Production or nonsupervisory workers, 164, 165 States employees by state, 195 Summary of selected economic indicators, xxix Weekly hours of workers, 170, 171 Women employees by sector, groups, and industry, 162, 163
474
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NONSUPERVISORY WORKERS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Defined, 157 Earnings average hourly earnings, 184–187 average weekly earnings, 189–193 payrolls by industry, 166–169 Hours average weekly hours of workers, 170–173 indexes of aggregate weekly hours, 178–181 overtime hours, 175, 176 Workers on nonfarm payrolls by sector or industry, 164, 165 NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Changes in the OICS, 8 NORWAY Hourly compensation costs, 437 NURSES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 NURSING HOMES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Producer Price Indexes, 341 O OCCUPATION, INDUSTRY, AND CLASS OF WORKER Defined, 5 OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Changes in, 8 OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS PROGRAM (OES) Collection of data, 224 Definitions, 224 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Administrative services and support fatal injuries, 413 Age fatal injuries by age, 412 Agriculture fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Apparel products nonfatal rates, 408 Armed forces fatal injuries, 413 Chemicals and allied products nonfatal rates, 408 Collection of data, 406 Concepts, 406 Construction fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Contractors nonfatal rates, 408
Days away from work number of injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, 410, 411 Definitions, 406 Electrical and electronic equipment nonfatal rates, 408 Fatal injuries and selected worker characteristics, 412 Fatal injuries by occupation, 413 Finance nonfatal rates, 408 Food and kindred products nonfatal rates, 408 Forestry and fishing fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Furniture and fixtures nonfatal rates, 408 Highlights, 405 Hispanic origin fatal injuries by Hispanic origin, 412 Industrial machinery and equipment nonfatal rates, 408 Insurance carriers nonfatal rates, 408 Leather and leather products nonfatal rates, 408 Lumber and wood products nonfatal rates, 408 Managerial and professional specialties fatal injuries, 413 Manufacturing—durable goods nonfatal rates, 408 Manufacturing—nondurable goods nonfatal rates, 408 Mechanics fatal injuries, 413 Men fatal injuries by sex, 412 Military fatal injuries, 413 Mining nonfatal rates, 408 Nonfatal injury and illness rates by industry, 408 Operators, fabricators, and laborers fatal injuries, 413 Petroleum and coal products nonfatal rates, 408 Precision production, craft, and repair fatal injuries, 413 Printing and publishing nonfatal rates, 408 Professional services fatal injuries, 413 Public utilities nonfatal rates, 408 Race fatal injuries by race, 412 Real estate nonfatal rates, 408
INDEX
Retail trade nonfatal rates, 408 Rubber and plastic products nonfatal rates, 408 Salaried workers fatal injuries, 412 Sales occupations fatal injuries, 413 Service occupations—generally fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Sex fatal injuries by sex, 412 Sources of additional information, 407 Stone, clay, and glass products nonfatal rates, 408 Technical, sales, and administrative support fatal injuries, 413 Textile mill products nonfatal rates, 408 Tobacco products nonfatal rates, 408 Transportation nonfatal rates, 408 Transportation equipment nonfatal rates, 408 Trucking and warehousing fatal injuries, 413 Wage earners fatal injuries, 412 Wholesale trade nonfatal rates, 408 Women fatal injuries by sex, 412 OCCUPATIONAL STATISTICS Civilian labor force employed civilians by occupation, 142 Consumer expenditures averages by occupation of reference person, 388 Contingent and noncontingent workers, 141 Days away from work number of nonfatal occupational injuries or illnesses, 410, 411 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 226 Employment and wages by occupation, 225, 227 Employment by occupation, 256 Employment statistics by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 64 Fastest growing occupations, 248 Highlights, 223 Jobs held the longest, 119, 147 Number and earnings of full-time workers by occupation, 125 Projected net employment change by occupation, 250 Total employment by occupation, 256 Unemployment rates by occupation, 107, 108
475
OCEANIA Hourly compensation costs, 437 OFFICE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 OFFSHORING Business and nonfarm business sector, xxv Effect on BLS productivity measures, xxv OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Producer Price Indexes, 341 OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 OUTPUT Employment and output by industry, 251 Indexes of output per hour and unit labor costs, 271 OUTPUT GROWTH Industries with the largest output growth, 249 OUTPUT INDEX Defined, 273 OUTPUT PER HOUR INDEXES Average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Defined, 273 Indexes, 271 Summary of selected economic indicators, xxix OUTSOURCING Business and nonfarm business sector, xxv Effect on BLS productivity measures, xxv OVERTIME HOURS Average overtime hours defined, 157 Production workers average weekly overtime hours, 175, 176 P PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 PARENTS Children under 3 employment status of parents, 86 Children under 6 labor force participation rates of mother with children under 6, 132 Children under 18 employment status of parents, 84 Families see FAMILIES PARTICIPATION Defined, 326
476
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
PARTICIPATION RATE Defined, 5 PART-TIME WORKERS At work part-time for economic reasons defined, 5 At work part-time for noneconomic reasons defined, 6 Earnings median usual weekly earnings of workers, 144 Employment status by age, sex, and race, 51 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 331 PAYROLLS Defined, 157 Employees on total nonfarm payrolls by state, 195 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls, 157 Manufacturing payrolls see MANUFACTURING PAYROLLS PENSION PLANS Contingent workers employed workers with pension plans, 143 Noncontingent workers employed workers with pension plans, 143 PERSONAL CARE AND SERVICES Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 78 Projections of labor force and employment, 217 PERSONNEL, TRAINING, AND LABOR RELATIONS Producer Price Indexes, 341 PERSONS NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Defined, 5 PERSONS WITH WORK EXPERIENCE Defined, 6 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 PIPELINES Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Producer Price Indexes, 341 POLICE Employment and wages by occupation, 227 POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS Agricultural labor statistics, 71, 72, 75 Civilian labor force employment statistics, 32, 55 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status, 9 Collection and coverage, 4 Comparability of labor force levels, 7
Concepts, 4 Definitions, 4 Educational attainment statistics, 76 Employed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Families children under 3, 86 children under 6, 132 children under 18, 84 employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 81 presence and relationship of employed members, 82 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 83 women who maintain families, 137 Full-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Highlights, 3 Historical comparability, 7 Industrial employment statistics, 71, 72 Jobs held the longest, 119 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 114, 115 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 rates of employment, 78, 79 North American Industry Classification System changes in the OICS, 8 Occupational and Industrial Classification System changes in, 8 Occupational statistics, 67, 68 Participation rates for the labor force, 5 Part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Percentage increase of the civilian labor force, 3 Percent of the population with experience by sex and age, 118 Persons not in the labor force desire and availability for work, 54 Population ratios, 64 Unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 51 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 113 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 109, 110 Unemployment by race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age, 89 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 111, 112 Unemployment rates of civilian workers, 88, 98 Work experience see WORK EXPERIENCE POPULATION RATIOS Civilian labor force, 64 PORTUGAL Hourly compensation costs, 437 PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292
INDEX
Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 PRICES Consumer Expenditure Survey see CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY Consumer Price Index see CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Export price indexes see EXPORT PRICE INDEXES Foreign labor and price statistics see FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Highlights, 335 Import price indexes see IMPORT PRICE INDEXES Producer Price Index see PRODUCER PRICE INDEX PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Productivity and costs, 282 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 PRIVATE BUSINESS Indexes of multifactor productivity, 280 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD WORKERS Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Nonagricultural industries, 75 PRIVATE INDUSTRY WORKERS Benefits, 311 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 320, 322, 323 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 329 PRIVATE NONFARM BUSINESS Indexes of multifactor productivity, 280 PRIVATE SECTOR Business employment dynamics gross job gains and losses, 218–220 Indexes of multifactor productivity, 280 PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES (PPI) Commodity groups, 339 Coverage of the PPI, 336 Definitions, 336 Net output of selected industries, 341 Percentage change in indexes, 335 Stages of processing, 338 Summary of selected economic indicators, xxix PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292
477
Defined, 157 Earnings average hourly earnings, 184–187 average weekly earnings, 189–193 by state, 207–211 payrolls by industry, 166–169 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Employment Cost Index, 292 Hours average weekly hours of workers, 170–173 by state, 204, 205 indexes of aggregate weekly hours, 178–181 overtime hours, 175, 176 Manufacturing—durable goods payrolls by industry, 166, 167 Manufacturing—nondurable goods payrolls by industry, 168, 169 Overtime average weekly overtime hours, 175, 176 States average weekly earnings by state, 210, 211 Workers on nonfarm payrolls by sector or industry, 164, 165 PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS Apparel products, 282 Average annual percent change in output per hour mining and service-providing industries, 278 Chemical and allied products, 282 Communications average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Comparison of BLS statistics’ productivity measures, xxvii Concepts, 272 Definitions, 272 Drinking places average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 Electrical and electronic equipment, 282 Fabricated metal products, 282 Finance average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Food and kindred products, 282 Food services average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 Furniture and fixtures, 282 Highlights, 271 Indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures manufacturing industries, 282 selected years, 280 Indexes of output per hour and unit labor costs, 271 Indexes of productivity and related data, 274 Industrial equipment and machinery, 282 Instruments and related products, 282 Leasing average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Leather and leather products, 282 Lumber and wood products, 282 Manufacturing average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 indexes of multifactor productivity, 280, 282
478
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Metal industries, 282 Mining average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Nondurable goods, 282 Output per hour and related series in selected industries, 278 Paper and allied products, 282 Petroleum and coal products, 282 Primary metal industries, 282 Printing and publishing, 282 Real estate average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Rental services average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Retail trade average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 Rubber and plastic products, 282 Service occupations—generally average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Sources of additional information, 273 Sources of labor productivity growth in manufacturing, xxvi Stone, clay, and glass products, 282 Textile mill products, 282 Transportation average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Transportation equipment, 282 Wholesale trade average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployment rates by occupation, 107, 108 PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT Age civilian labor force by age, 245 Civilian labor force sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 245 Concepts, 242 Definitions, 242 Employment and output by industry, 251 Employment by occupation, 256 Fastest growing occupations, 248 Highlights, 241 Hispanic origin civilian labor force by Hispanic origin, 245 Industries with the largest output growth and declines, 249 Men civilian labor force by sex, 245
Net employment change by occupation, 250 Projected net employment change by occupation, 250 Race civilian labor force by race, 245 Sex civilian labor force by sex, 245 Total employment by occupation and projections, 256 Women civilian labor force by sex, 245 PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE Producer Price Indexes, 341 PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Unemployment rates by occupation, 107, 108 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of state and local government workers employment cost index, 307 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGERS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Consumer Price Indexes, 354 PUBLIC UTILITIES Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 PURCHASING POWER Consumer dollar, 349 Q QUARTERLY CENSUS OF EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES (QCEW) Longitudinal establishment microdata, xxii QUARTERLY MEASURES Output per hour defined, 272 QUINTILES OF INCOME Consumer expenditures averages by quintiles of income before taxes, 381 R RACE American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Civilian labor force employment status by race, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3
INDEX
Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by race, 11, 19, 23 Consumer expenditures averages by housing tenure, 386 Days away from work due to injury or illness, 410 Defined, 6 Educational attainment statistics, 76 Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers employment status by race, 51 Employed civilians, 55 Families employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 81 Labor management relations union membership by race, 420 Multiple jobholder statistics, 78, 79 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 124 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by race, 412 Occupational statistics, 67, 68 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 145 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 144 Population ratios, 64 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by race, 245 Unemployed persons by race, 89 Unemployment rates by race, 88, 98 Unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 146 RAILROADS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Producer Price Indexes, 341 REAL ESTATE Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 REASONS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 4 Unemployed persons and rates by reason of unemployment, 116 RECORDABLE OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Defined, 406 RECREATION AND SERVICES Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80
479
REFERENCE PERSONS Consumer expenditures averages by age of reference person, 382 Defined, 377 REGIONS Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by, 22 Consumer expenditures housing averages by region, 387 Midwest region, 399 Northeast region, 397 South region, 398 West region, 400 Consumer Price Indexes indexes by region, 356 Employment Cost Index, 315 RENTAL SERVICES Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 REPAIR OCCUPATIONS Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 RETAIL TRADE Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 ROOFERS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 RUBBER AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 S SAFETY AND HEALTH see OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SALARIED WORKERS Absences from work, 129 Affiliation of salary workers by occupation and industry, 422 Agriculture, 75 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292
480
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 214–216 Defined, 290 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 Jobs held the longest, 125 Median annual earnings by education, 151 Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 128 Nonagricultural industries, 75 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 124 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 412 Tenure of workers by age and sex, 130 Tenure of workers by industry, 131 Union workers, 315 SALES OCCUPATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 SCIENCES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 SEAFOOD Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 SECRETARIES Consumer Price Indexes, 351 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS Agriculture, 75 Nonagricultural industries, 75 SERVICE OCCUPATIONS—GENERALLY Benefits, 311 Civilians employed by, 67 Compensation of employees benefits, 311 Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employment Cost Index, 292 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 75 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 nonfatal rates, 408 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Producer Price Indexes, 341
Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 SERVICES—NONPRIVATE HOUSEHOLD Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupation of longest held job, 127 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 SERVICES—PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 SERVICES—PROFESSIONAL Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 SEX Absences from work by sex, 129 Alternative work arrangements, 140 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 451 Civilian labor force employment status by sex, 19, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by sex, 10, 11, 19, 23 Days away from work number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, 410 Earnings median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 total earnings or full-time workers by sex, 143 Educational attainment statistics, 76 Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers employment status by sex, 51 Employed civilians, 55 Employment status by citizenship status and sex, 141 Employment status by occupation and sex, 142 Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 122 Jobs held the longest by sex, 125, 147 Labor management relations union membership by sex, 420 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Multiple jobholder statistics, 78, 79 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 124 Number of persons with experience by sex and extent of employment, 120
INDEX
Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by sex, 412 Occupational statistics, 67, 68 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 145 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 144 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Percent of persons with experience by sex, 118 Percent of persons with unemployment during the year by sex, 123 Percent of population with experience by sex and extent of employment, 121 Persons not in the labor force, 54 Population ratios, 64 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by sex, 245 Status of the population by sex, 133 Tenure of full-time workers by sex, 130 Unemployed persons by sex, 89, 116 Unemployment rates by selected characteristics, 88, 98 Unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 146 SINGAPORE Hourly compensation costs, 437 SOCIAL SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 SPAIN Hourly compensation costs, 437 SPELL OF UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 6 SPORTS Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 455 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 SRI LANKA Hourly compensation costs, 437 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS Benefits, 311 Compensation of employees costs per hour worked, 323, 324 Employment Cost Index, 307 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 329 STATES Average hourly earnings of production workers by state, 207, 208 Average weekly earnings of production workers by state, 210, 211 Average weekly hours of production workers by state, 204, 205 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by, 22 Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 214
481
Employees on government payrolls by state, 201, 202 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 198, 199 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state, 195 Union membership affiliation of employed workers by state, 427 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 STOPPAGES Definitions, 418 Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more, 419 SURVEYORS AND SERVICES Producer Price Indexes, 341 SWEDEN Hourly compensation costs, 437 SWITZERLAND Hourly compensation costs, 437 T TAIWAN Hourly compensation costs, 437 TEACHERS, LIBRARIANS, AND COUNSELORS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 227 TELEPHONE SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 TENURE Defined, 6 Full-time workers wage and salary workers by industry, 131 wage and salary workers by sex and age, 130 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 TOBACCO PRODUCTS Consumer Price Indexes, 354
482
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 TOTAL COMPENSATION COSTS Defined, 290 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION Employment by occupation and projections, 256 TRADE-WEIGHTED MEASURES Foreign labor and price statistics, 437 TRADITIONAL WORK ARRANGEMENTS Workers with traditional work arrangements, 140 TRAINING Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Median annual earnings by education, 151 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Export price indexes, 358 Import price indexes, 363 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Producer Price Indexes, 341 Productivity and costs, 282 TRANSPORTATION OCCUPATIONS Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Consumer Price Indexes, 354 Employed civilians by occupation, 142 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Employment Cost Index, 292 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 413 U UNEMPLOYED WORKERS Age unemployed persons by age, 89, 116
Civilian noninstitutional population, 81, 83 Defined, 4 Duration unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 113 Employment status by age, sex, and race, 51 Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 122 Families employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 81 presence and relationship of employed family members, 83 Hispanic origin unemployed persons by Hispanic origin, 89 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 114, 115 Married couples, 84 Percent of persons with unemployment during the year by sex, 123 Race unemployed persons by race, 89 Reason for unemployment unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, 116 Sex unemployed persons by sex, 89, 116 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 113 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 109, 110 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Defined, 5 Educational attainment unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 146 Foreign labor and price statistics, 433 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 114, 115 Race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age unemployment rates of civilian workers, 88, 98 Reason for unemployment unemployment rates by reason of unemployment, 116 Selected characteristics, 88, 98 Summary of selected economic indicators, xxix Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 107, 108 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 111, 112 UNIONS Affiliation of members by state, 427 Affiliation of wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, 422 Compensation of employees benefits, 311, 315 employment cost index, 311, 315 median weekly earnings of workers by affiliation, 424 Definitions, 376 Earnings median weekly earnings of workers, 381 Labor management relations see LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
INDEX
States affiliation of employed workers by state, 384 Wage and salary employees who were union members, 426 UNITED KINGDOM Hourly compensation costs, 437 UNITED STATES Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 215, 216 Hourly compensation costs, 437 UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE Producer Price Indexes, 341 UNIT LABOR COSTS Defined, 272 Indexes, 271 Summary of selected economic indicators, xxix UNIVERSITIES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS Agriculture, 75 Nonagricultural industries, 75 URBAN CONSUMERS Consumer Price Indexes commodity, service, and special groups, 347 major groups, 346 purchasing power of the consumer dollar, 349 selected groups, 349 U.S. city average, 354 URBAN WAGE EARNERS Consumer Price Indexes, 351 USUAL FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Defined, 5 UTILITIES see PUBLIC UTILITIES W WAGE EARNERS Absences from work, 129 Affiliation of wage workers by occupation and industry, 422 Agriculture, 75 Compensation of employees see COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Jobs held the longest, 125 Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 128 Nonagricultural industries, 75 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 124 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 412 Tenure of workers by age and sex, 130 Tenure of workers by industry, 131 WAGES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292
483
Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 214–216 Definitions, 290 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 226 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 Employment and wages by occupation, 225, 227 Median annual earnings by education, 151 Production workers average hourly rates, 184–187 average weekly rates, 189–193 payrolls by industry, 166–169 Unions, 315 WAREHOUSING Employment and wages by occupation, 227 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 278 WATER TRANSPORTATION Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 Producer Price Indexes, 341 WHITE COLLAR WORKERS Benefits, 311 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292, 307 WHITE RACE Defined, 6 WHOLESALE TRADE Civilians employed by, 71, 72 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 292 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 80 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 408 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 279 WHOLESALE TRADE—DURABLE GOODS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 WHOLESALE TRADE—NONDURABLE GOODS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 159, 161 WOMEN Alternative work arrangements, 140 Consumer expenditures averages for single women by income before taxes, 396 Education employed civilians by occupation, 142 median annual earnings by educational attainment, 151 percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 149 Employment status population by marital status and sex, 133 Families presence and relationship of employed members, 82
484
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
status of women who maintain families, 137 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 83 Labor management relations union membership by sex, 420 Nonfarm payrolls employees by industry sector, groups, and industry, 162, 163 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by sex, 412 Occupation of longest held job, 147 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by sex, 245 Status of all women by presence and age of children, 135 Status of ever-married women, 136 Unemployment rates by selected characteristics, 88, 98 WORKERS Definitions, 418
WORK EXPERIENCE Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 122 Industry and class of worker of job held the longest, 119 Jobs held the longest, 125 Number of persons with experience by sex and extent of employment, 120 Percent of persons with experience by sex and age, 118 Percent of population with experience by sex and extent of employment, 121 WORK STOPPAGES Definitions, 418 Labor management relations stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more, 419 Y YEAR-ROUND FULL-TIME WORKERS Defined, 6
