BIPOLAR DISORDER A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES
J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS
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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1
Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Bipolar Disorder: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83565-9 1. Bipolar Disorder-Popular works. I. Title.
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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.
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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on bipolar disorder. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.
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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.
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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health
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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON BIPOLAR DISORDER .................................................................................. 3 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 3 The Combined Health Information Database ................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Bipolar Disorder ........................................................................... 7 E-Journals: PubMed Central ....................................................................................................... 38 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed................................................................................ 39 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND BIPOLAR DISORDER ...................................................................... 247 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 247 Finding Nutrition Studies on Bipolar Disorder ........................................................................ 247 Federal Resources on Nutrition................................................................................................. 251 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 252 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND BIPOLAR DISORDER ................................................ 255 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 255 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ............................................... 255 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 262 General References..................................................................................................................... 265 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON BIPOLAR DISORDER .................................................................. 267 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 267 Dissertations on Bipolar Disorder............................................................................................. 267 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 269 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND BIPOLAR DISORDER ............................................................ 271 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 271 Recent Trials on Bipolar Disorder ............................................................................................. 271 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ........................................................................................... 291 CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON BIPOLAR DISORDER ............................................................................ 293 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 293 Patents on Bipolar Disorder ...................................................................................................... 293 Patent Applications on Bipolar Disorder .................................................................................. 299 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 304 CHAPTER 7. BOOKS ON BIPOLAR DISORDER ................................................................................ 305 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 305 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies ........................................................................................... 305 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers ........................................................................................ 306 Chapters on Bipolar Disorder .................................................................................................... 311 CHAPTER 8. MULTIMEDIA ON BIPOLAR DISORDER ..................................................................... 313 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 313 Video Recordings....................................................................................................................... 313 Bibliography: Multimedia on Bipolar Disorder......................................................................... 314 CHAPTER 9. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON BIPOLAR DISORDER .................................................. 315 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 315 News Services and Press Releases ............................................................................................. 315 Newsletter Articles .................................................................................................................... 319 Academic Periodicals covering Bipolar Disorder ...................................................................... 320 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 323 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 323 NIH Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 323 NIH Databases .......................................................................................................................... 325 Other Commercial Databases .................................................................................................... 327 The Genome Project and Bipolar Disorder ................................................................................ 327 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES .............................................................................................. 331
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Contents Overview ....................................................................................................................................331 Patient Guideline Sources ..........................................................................................................331 Associations and Bipolar Disorder .............................................................................................338 Finding Associations ..................................................................................................................343 APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................345 Overview ....................................................................................................................................345 U.S. Pharmacopeia .....................................................................................................................345 Commercial Databases ...............................................................................................................346 APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................349 Overview ....................................................................................................................................349 Preparation.................................................................................................................................349 Finding a Local Medical Library ................................................................................................349 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada .................................................................................349
ONLINE GLOSSARIES ................................................................................................................355 Online Dictionary Directories ...................................................................................................357 BIPOLAR DISORDER DICTIONARY ......................................................................................359 INDEX...............................................................................................................................................418
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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with bipolar disorder is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about bipolar disorder, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to bipolar disorder, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on bipolar disorder. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to bipolar disorder, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on bipolar disorder. The Editors
1
From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.
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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON BIPOLAR DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on bipolar disorder.
The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and bipolar disorder, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “bipolar disorder” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •
Late-Life Onset of Psychotic Symptoms Source: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 6(3): 196-202. Summer 1998. Summary: This journal article describes a study in which researchers retrospectively evaluated the etiology and clinical findings of patients with first manifestations of psychotic symptoms after the age of 65. Nearly one-tenth of more than 1,700 consecutive geriatric patients admitted to an acute inpatient psychogeriatric unit had late-life onset of psychotic symptoms. Approximately three-quarters of these patients were women, most of whom were in their seventies. Dementia of the Alzheimer's type was the most common cause of late-life onset psychosis. Other causes were major depression, medical and toxic causes, delirium, bipolar disorder, delusional disorder, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder. Clinical manifestations consisted mostly of delusions and hallucinations. The authors concluded that late-onset psychoses are a heterogeneous
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Bipolar Disorder
group of disorders with differing etiologies and prognoses; misdiagnoses are potentially serious because they can prevent patients from receiving proper treatment. A thorough evaluation is crucial in late-onset psychoses. 3 tables, 23 references. (AA-M). •
Recent Developments in Geriatric Psychopharmacotherapy Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 39(8 Supplement 1): S9-S18. October 1994. Summary: This paper highlights recent advances in the pharmacological management of geriatric affective disorders and dementia. The paper focuses on the treatment of unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and the cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The author discusses the current roles of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the treatment of depression in old age. He discusses recent findings pertaining to continuation and maintenance of antidepressant treatment. The treatment of bipolar disorder in old age has received very little study. A number of issues relating to efficacy, side effects and optimal blood levels of lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate in bipolar disorder remain unresolved and await further study. The paper reviews drug treatment of the cognitive impairment and psychiatric complications of AD. To date, with the possible exception of tacrine, no medication has been shown to have any clinically meaningful benefit in improving cognition in AD. 94 references. (AA- M).
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Mood Disorders in Rheumatic Disease: Evaluation and Management Source: Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 16(11): 643-646,648-650. November 1999. Summary: This journal article provides health professionals with information on the diagnosis of mood disorders that commonly occur in people who have rheumatic diseases and the therapeutic strategies that may help patients better cope with the stress of chronic illness. Mood disorders are common in people who have rheumatic diseases such as fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous. Altered mood tends to worsen as the illness becomes more severe. Major depression is particularly common. The presence of depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure for 2 weeks or more, and at least five of nine established criteria such as weight change, fatigue, and indecisiveness is diagnostic. Other mood disorders that people who have a rheumatic disease may experience include minor depression, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, bereavement, bipolar disorder, and depressive disorder related to the general medical condition. Management includes a combination of biologic and interactive approaches. The goals of treatment are to restore normal mood, prevent suicide, and improve self esteem, productivity, and quality of life. Pharmacologic treatment of depression is an essential component of care and is usually successful. Psychopharmacologic agents include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine inhibitors, psychostimulants, mood stabilizers, lithium, and newer agents such as bupropion. Electroconvulsive therapy is a treatment option commonly used for patients with severe, life threatening depression or psychotic depression and for patients in whom drug therapy is considered dangerous. Two major forms of psychotherapy are effective in treating patients who have major depression associated with rheumatic disease and other medical illness. Cognitive behavioral therapy deals with the relationship between cognition, affect, and behavior, whereas interpersonal therapy deals with interpersonal relationships and their effects on mood. Although many mood disorders can be managed satisfactorily within the primary care setting, referral is recommended for patients who are at significant risk for suicide or
Studies
5
who have psychosis, psychotic depression, or full blown mania. 3 tables and 25 references. (AA-M). •
Manic Episodes in Epilepsy and Bipolar I Disorder: A Comparative Analysis of 13 Patients Source: Epilepsia. 42(8):1036-1042, August 2001. Summary: Researchers examined the characteristics of manic episodes in patients with epilepsy and patients with bipolar I disorder, to determine whether manic episodes in patients with epilepsy have different characteristics from manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. They enrolled in the study 13 adult patients who had interictal manic episodes developing after the onset of epilepsy and 13 adult patients with bipolar I disorder. They assessed the family history, medical history, and clinical course of epilepsy and mood disorders of the patients with epilepsy by interviews with the patients and family members. Each patient had electroencephalography, neuroimaging including magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography, and neuropsychological evaluations performed. Psychiatrists, psychologists, and nurses assessed the family and medical histories, symptoms, severity, clinical course of the disorder, and behavioral traits of the bipolar group retrospectively by using medical records of the patients. Five patients with epilepsy had relatives with epilepsy and/or seizures. Four patients with bipolar I disorder had relatives with mood disorders. Two patients with epilepsy had substance-related or organic factors associated with their mood swings besides epilepsy, and two exhibited a postictal state that had the same symptoms as those of their interictal manic episodes. Ten patients with epilepsy demonstrated dependent-childish behavior. Patients with epilepsy had fewer severe mood episodes than the bipolar group. Ten patients with epilepsy had fluctuating mood disturbances and eight had rapid cycling of mood episodes. The epileptogenic zone was found in the frontal and/or temporal lobes of eight patients and in multiple lobes of two others. It could not be localized in the three remaining patients. Researchers conclude that the clinical features of interictal manic epilepsy in this group of patients with epilepsy were different from those in the bipolar group. The manic episodes of the patients with epilepsy appear to be heterogenous in their etiology. An epileptogenic zone in the frontal and temporal lobes, however, seems to play an important role in the mood episodes of the majority of epilepsy patients. 6 tables, 35 references.
•
Depression In Epilepsy. Relationship to Seizures and Anticonvulsant Therapy Source: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 181(7):444-447, 1993. Summary: Researchers investigated the occurrence of depression in patients with epilepsy and possible associations with seizures and anticonvulsant therapy. The medical records of all patients with epilepsy and patients with migraine who attended a university-affiliated neurology clinic as outpatients between January 1984 and January 1992 were reviewed to identify those with a depressive disorder that required psychiatric evaluation at some time in their medical history. Patients with epilepsy who had a neurological lesion detectable by neuroimaging or who had a history of craniotomy, specific epilepsy etiology, or a background of closed head injury were excluded from the study. Seizure variables were investigated in the patients with epilepsy who had experienced a depressive disorder and compared with those who had not. Researchers reviewed the medical records and electroencephalograms (EEG's) of the patients with epilepsy and depressive disorders (epilepsy/depression group) for six seizure variables: epilepsy type, average seizure frequency at last clinical presentation,
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Bipolar Disorder
presence of auras, EEG foci, anticonvulsant therapy at last clinical presentation, and age at epilepsy onset. These variables were compared to those of a randomly selected group of patients with epilepsy in the clinic who had no history of depressive disorders (epilepsy/control group). A depressive disorder occurred in 101 (7.5 percent) of 1,339 patients with epilepsy versus 105 (5.3 percent) of 1,991 migraine patients. The difference in the proportion of patients with depression between the patients with either epilepsy or migraines was significant. Among the patients with epilepsy, the psychiatric diagnoses were major depression (25 patients), bipolar disorders with depression symptoms (22 patients), dysthymia (4 patients), and depression not otherwise specified (NOS) (50 patients). Among the patients with migraine, the diagnoses were major depression (47 patients), bipolar disorders with depressive symptoms (14 patients), dysthymia (4 patients), and depression NOS (40 patients). The patients with either epilepsy or migraine did not differ significantly in mean age at last clinical presentation, 39.2 and 37.3 years, respectively. Fewer of the patients with epilepsy were female (48 percent) than was the case with the patients with migraine (68 percent). When the sex difference was covaried, however, depression was still significantly more common among patients with epilepsy than among the patients with migraine. The epilepsy/depression and epilepsy/control groups did not differ in their mean age at last clinical presentation (43.7 versus 40.2 years) or in the male to female ratio (48:54 and 111:91). The mean ages at epilepsy onset were 18.6 years in the epilepsy/depression group and 15.3 years in the epilepsy/control group. The mean age of depression onset in the epilepsy/depression group was 25.1 years. In most of the patients (92 percent), epilepsy preceded depression. Fewer patients in the epilepsy/depression group had generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) than in the epilepsy/control group. The frequency of GTCS in the epilepsy/depression group was also lower than in the epilepsy/control group. Patients in the epilepsy/depression group used a wider array of anticonvulsant drugs than patients in the epilepsy/control group. Valproate was prescribed more frequently in the epilepsy/depression group. Researchers conclude that patients with epilepsy had more depressive disorders than the patients with migraine, and the patients with epilepsy with depression had fewer GTCS and more anticonvulsant drug therapy than patients with epilepsy without depression. These findings suggest that a nonreactive depression may occur when increased anticonvulsant therapy results in decreased generalization from epileptogenic foci. 2 tables, 27 references. •
Management of the Psychotic Patient Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Clinics of North America. 10(3): 457-464. August 1998. Contact: Available from W.B. Saunders. Periodicals Fulfillment, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. (800) 654-2452. Website: www.wbsaunders.com. Summary: This article reviews the pharmacologic management of the psychotic patient, to familiarize oral and maxillofacial surgeons with the care of these patients. The author notes that the trend to outpatient care extends to the psychiatric patient and more health care providers will be faced with the care of this patient population. The author reviews potential drug interactions and clinical considerations for patients already under maintenance therapy. The article covers antipsychotic agents, mood disorders, HCAs (including tricyclic drugs), MAOIs (derivatives of hydrazine or amphetamine), SSRIs (antidepressants), bipolar disorder, and antianxiety agents, specifically benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and buspirone. The emphasis in each section is on pharmacodynamics, drug interactions, and anesthetic concerns. 3 tables. 25 references.
Studies
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Federally Funded Research on Bipolar Disorder The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to bipolar disorder. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to bipolar disorder. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore bipolar disorder. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for bipolar disorder: •
Project Title: A COLLABORATIVE GENOMIC STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Coryell, William H. Professor; Psychiatry; University of Iowa Iowa City, Ia 52242 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 0-SEP-1998; Project End 1-AUG-2003 Summary: (Adapted from investigator's abstract) Bipolar affective disorder is a severe heritable condition affecting about one percent of the population. The mode of inheritance is poorly understood and probably involves multiple loci of small to moderate effect. Genetic linkage studies have not been robust although some reports of linkages have been replicated several times. The NIMH began a national archival database for search of linked genes in this condition in 1988. Its purpose was to collect a large sample of interviews and cell lines from families suitable for linkage and association studied. Four centers participated in the initiative: Indiana University, John Hopkins University, Washington University of St. Louis, and the NIMH Intramural Program. A new structured polydiagnostic interview, the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS), was developed and field-tested. Ascertainment was begun in 1999 to identify Bipolar I (BPI) probands with a BPI or Schizoaffective, Bipolar type (Sa/BP) first degree relative. Two hundred and forty-three families have been enrolled in the program including 1025 affected subjects. Twenty on hundred sixty five structured interviews have been given and 2097 immortalized cell lines have been cryopreserved. A genomic survey has been completed on 540 subjects selected from 97 families and eight candidate areas for linkage have been identified, some supporting previous findings. These cell lines and related clinical information has been publicly released. A follow-up sample is presently being genotyped, with particular attention to areas of interest identified in the original survey. It is proposed to extend the present study through families identified by a BPI/BPI sib pair at eight sites (Indiana, Washington University of St. Louis, Johns Hopkins, University of Pennsylvania, University of California, San Diego , University of Utah, University of Chicago, and University of Iowa). A total of 450 new families and 2500 cell lines and interviews over the next four years will be added. This sample will be used to confirm and extend
2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).
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Bipolar Disorder
present findings of linkage, to narrow the implicated regions, and to test candidate genes. Genotypes will be shared with a consortium of investigators studying linkage in bipolar illness. Cell lines and interview data will be made freely available to the scientific community. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: BIPOLAR DISORDER & ALCOHOL ABUSE COMORBIDITY Principal Investigator & Institution: Frye, Mark A. Psychiatry & Biobehav Sciences; University of California Los Angeles 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, Ca 90024 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 6-AUG-2001; Project End 1-JUL-2007 Summary: The applicant proposes to acquire new training in magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neuroendocrinology. These two areas of investigation will expand his clinical research expertise and further his research endeavors in attempting to better understand the neuroanatomic and neuroendocrinological underpinnings of bipolar disorder. The research training will then be used to translate these potential research gains into clinical applications to better understand and ultimately treat major psychiatric illnesses. This study will examine the impact of alcohol on the biochemistry, neuroendocrinology, and neuropsychological functioning of bipolar illness. The lifetime prevalence rate of alcohol abuse comorbidity in bipolar disorder is the highest of all Axis I diagnoses; furthermore, the presence of alcohol abuse in bipolar disorder is associated with a decreased response rate to the gold standard treatment lithium carbonate. Thus, by prevalence data and inadequate treatment response, this represents an enormous public health problem. In a cross-sectional analysis, patients with bipolar disorder and comorbid alcohol abuse or dependence, patients with bipolar illness without comorbid alcohol abuse or dependence, and age matched healthy controls will undergo 1 H-MR spectroscopy, Dexamethasone/CRH neuroendocrine challenge, and neuropsychological evaluation assessing executive function, verbal memory, and working memory. This study will evaluate whether there are differences amongst the three groups and if there is a relationship between N-acetylaspartate (NAA), hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis function, and neuropsychological functioning. These variables will also be evaluated as to their predictive potential for relapse under naturalistic follow-up where mood stability, alcohol craving and relapse, medication compliance, and functional capacity will be monitored. This naturalistic follow-up period may identify preliminary neurobiological factors associated with relapse and provide direction for further controlled interventional study. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: BIPOLAR DISORDER CANDIDATE GENES ON CHROMOSOME 18Q22 23 Principal Investigator & Institution: Prathikanti, Sridhar; Psychiatry; University of Chicago 5801 S Ellis Ave Chicago, Il 60637 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 0-JUL-2001 Summary: (provided by applicant): Chromosome 18q 22-23 has been linked to bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) in several studies. We have identified in our sample pedigrees that define a strongly linked 6 MB region on 18q22 with a lod score of 4.85. The Specific Aims of this research training proposal are to 1) Identify candidate genes in and around the BPAD linkage region on 18q22-23 by screening sequence data from the Human Genome Project; 2) To identify single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP?s) in and
Studies
9
near these candidate genes in and near these candidate genes by mining the public databases and by re-sequencing PCR products in our laboratory; 3) To genotype selected SNP?s in 2-4 positional candidate genes using single base extension and other high throughput methods; 4) To test each gene for association with BPAD in a sample of 400 triads, using family based statistical methods. This project will offer me a complete experience in positional candidate gene research, forming the basis for my future career. Identification of the genes that predispose to BPAD would offer novel and powerful insights into the etiology and ultimately the treatment of BPAD. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: BIPOLAR DISORDER IN LATE LIFE Principal Investigator & Institution: Krishnan, Ranga R. Chairman and Professor; Psychiatry; Duke University Durham, Nc 27706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-MAR-1998; Project End 8-FEB-2003 Summary: (Adapted from applicant's abstract): There is a paucity of information on late life bipolar disorder. Unlike bipolar disorder in the young, familial factors are less important in the elderly. In fact, available data suggests that elderly bipolar patients are a distinct group. Vascular factors may be of more importance than genetic factors in the development of bipolar disorder in late life. The present proposal is designed to compare neuroanatomical and clinical features of late life bipolar disorder to young bipolar subjects. In addition, we will contrast late life bipolar patients to similar age controls and to late life unipolar subjects drawn from our Clinical Research Center for Depression in the Elderly. This research is likely to be valuable in developing an understanding of the psychobiology of bipolar disorder and could lead to improving diagnosis and management of late life bipolar disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
•
Project Title: ADHERENCE
BIPOLAR
DISORDER,
SUBJECTIVITY
AND
TREATMENT
Principal Investigator & Institution: Sajatovic, Martha; Psychiatry; Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Ave Cleveland, Oh 44106 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 2-SEP-2003; Project End 1-AUG-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): is designed to refine clinical training and research expertise in the area of personal factors among men and women with bipolar disorder (BPD) that are involved in treatment adherence. The research aim of this proposal includes a study to examine how symptoms, gender, psychosocial supports, and locus of control contribute to illness behavior in BPD, as well as assessing the interaction between illness behavior in BPD and adherence to treatment in men and women with BPD. The research projects emphasize novel applications of health services technology to the area of treatment of BPD, and are designed to complement each other in that they include subjects treated in both community and academic settings, assess the wide spectrum of BPD manifestation (including rapid cycling illness), and obtain data utilizing both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Project one is a prospective study utilizing a multidimensional measurement design to examine the relationships between symptoms, gender, psychosocial supports, locus of control, illness behavior in BPD, and treatment adherence in men and women with BPD being treated with mood stabilizing medications. The project will identify factors that promote adherence in patients with BPD, and evaluate the role of specific indices of illness behavior in BPD as it affects treatment adherence. A second project focuses on identification and assessment of key
10 Bipolar Disorder
features of illness behavior and treatment adherence among men and women with rapid cycling bipolar disorder, a high-risk sub-population of individuals with 9ipolar illness. Project two is an exploratory, cross-sectional study, which will emphasize the use of a qualitative, anthropological instrument to systematically explore nuances of illness behavior in BPD as they relate to adherence. The proposal also includes a strong training component. Close supervision is provided by Co-mentors from Case Western Reserve University, Janis Jenkins, Ph.D., Professor of Anthropology, and Joseph Calabrese, MD, Professor of Psychiatry. The proposal includes frequent consultation with national experts in bipolar disorder, applied health services research, research ethics and treatment adherence, as well as formal coursework in statistics and research design. The candidate is thus assured a sound base of knowledge and practical research experience with clinical, qualitative and quantitative methods required for her research career in studying critical personal factors among individuals with bipolar disorder which affect both treatment adherence, and ultimately, treatment outcome. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: BRAIN ABNORMALITIES IN ADOLESCENT BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Delbello, Melissa P. Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Pe; Psychiatry; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 1-JAN-2002; Project End 1-DEC-2006 Summary: (provided by applicant): This NIMH Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development application is to support Dr. Melissa DelBello's long-term career objective of developing expertise integrating innovative neuroimaging techniques and longitudinal outcome studies to understand the neurodevelopment of Bipolar Disorder (BPD). The candidate's previous training is in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) morphometric analyses and the phenomenology of BPD. One limitation of previous neuroimaging studies has been inadequate assessment of illness course, thereby limiting the interpretability of imaging findings. Therefore, in order to achieve her career goals and maximize the clinical interpretability of the imaging data, the candidate proposes to gain expertise integrating longitudinal outcome studies, functional MRI (fMRI), statistical analyses, and the ethical conduct of research by participating in course work, didactic readings, mentoring, and experiential learning activities, which complement the proposed research activities. BPD is a common, life-long, progressive disease that typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Two of the cardinal symptoms of BPD are dysfunction of attention and emotional regulation. Anterior limbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, striatum, amygdala, and cerebellar vermis have been shown to modulate attention and emotional processes. Previous neuroimaging studies, reports of secondary mania, and pilot work, have implicated abnormalities in anterior limbic brain regions in the neurophysiology of BPD. Therefore, the candidate's short-term goal is to apply fMRI in conjunction with longitudinal assessments to clarify the neurophysiological basis for attentional and emotional dysfunction in adolescents with BPD. We hypothesize that anterior limbic abnormalities underlie the attentional and emotional dysfunction in adolescents with BPD. Moreover, we hypothesize that abnormalities in anterior limbic brain regions are associated with increased mood cycling and poor illness outcome. These hypotheses will be examined by studying fMRI regional brain activation associated with tasks of attention and facial affect recognition in adolescents with BPD. Additionally, we will assess structural brain abnormalities in first-hospitalization manic BPD adolescents and associated outcome. The proposed
Studies 11
integrated research and training programs, together with the productive research environments of the Bipolar and Psychotic Disorders Research Program at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital Medical Center's Imaging Research Center, will foster the candidate's development into an independent investigator in the field of the neurodevelopment of BPD. The research conducted will advance our understanding of the neurophysiology of BPD. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: BRAIN ANATOMIC MRI IN CHILDHOOD BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Frazier, Jean A.; Mc Lean Hospital (Belmont, Ma) Belmont, Ma 02478 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-JUL-1998; Project End 0-JUN-2003 Summary: (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract): The goal of this Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (K08) is to permit the Candidate to develop into an independent clinical investigator by pursuing a program of training and supervised clinical research in brain anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of childhood bipolar disorder. Despite the well documented morbidity and dysfunction of childhood BPD, the disorder remains one of the most controversial topics in child psychopathology and as a consequence, among the least researched child psychiatric disorders. This controversy is largely nosological. There is no disagreement that these children exist. Yet, it is the absence of adequate scientific data on childhood BPD that has generated a vicious cycle of skepticism and absence of research. A leading factor that complicates the diagnosis of BPD in children is the frequent comorbidity with ADHD. The critical question is whether these children have ADHD, BPD or both disorders. The resolution of this question has important clinical implications. To this end, the applicant proposes a morphometric study aimed at disentangling the comorbidity of childhood BPD with ADHD. Four samples, consisting of twenty 6-16 year old children, will be studied: 1) children with both ADHD and BPD 2) children with ADHD, 3) children with BPD, and 4) healthy volunteers. The study tests four competing hypotheses to determine whether children with BPD+ADHD have morphometric findings, in conjunction with clinical correlates that are similar to children with ADHD, or children with BPD, or with children with both ADHD and BPD, or if they have unique findings. If funded, the proposed work will fill two gaps in the research literature: it will be 1) the largest neuroimaging study of childhood BPD and 2) the first MRI study that tests hypotheses about the relationship between ADHD and BPD. By shedding light on the nosologic debate, this work will have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of these children. In addition, the Candidate will train in Clinical Research Methods in Child Psychiatry (20 percent effort) under the sponsorship of Joseph Biederman, M.D. (comentor), Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and Verne Caviness, M.D. (co-mentor), Professor of Pediatric Neurology at Harvard Medical School, allowing her to master the methodology of morphometric studies in childhood BPD, emphasizing the assessment of psychopathology in the children and the evaluation of their MRI scans. Dr. Stephen Faraone, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, will serve as a consultant regarding data base management and data analysis and regarding Formal Didactic Training (20 percent effort) in biostatistics courses at the Harvard School of Public Health. By allowing the Candidate to focus time and energy on acquiring the necessary skills, the Award is an important step in her goal to pursue independent research in neuroimaging of childhood mania. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
12 Bipolar Disorder
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Project Title: BRAIN INTEGRITY IN CHILDREN AT RISK FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Jak, Amy J. Psychology; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 4-MAR-2002 Summary: (provided by applicant): Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness associated with emotional dysregulation and cognitive impairments. Research suggests that development of BPD has a genetic component and that prefrontal cortical function is strongly implicated in both the emotional and cognitive symptoms of BPD. There is evidence of morphometric abnormalities in the frontal lobes of those with BPD and even in children at familial risk (AR) to develop BPD. To date, no published research has examined in detail the frontal lobe integrity of AR children. The primary goal of this project is to determine what specific prefrontal subregions are morphometrically different in AR children as compared to healthy control (HC) children, whether there are differential gray vs. white matter volumes between the groups, and whether AR children with mood syndromes display a different or more severe pattern of morphometric abnormalities. It is hypothesized that the AR children will demonstrate reduced prefrontal subregion volumes overall with decreased gray matter proportions as compared to HC children, and that AR children with mood syndromes will evidence more pronounced abnormalities. Understanding morphometric abnormalities present in AR children will provide important developmental information regarding the integrity of the brain regions implicated in the development of BPD, will better guide efforts to understand the neuropathology of BPD, and may suggest more focused interventions for the behavioral and cognitive symptoms of this disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: COLLABORATIVE GENOMIC STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Reich, Theodore; Professor of Psychiatry and Genetics; Psychiatry; Washington University Lindell and Skinker Blvd St. Louis, Mo 63130 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1998; Project End 1-AUG-2004 Summary: (Adapted from investigator's abstract) Bipolar affective disorder is a severe heritable condition affecting about one percent of the population. The mode of inheritance is poorly understood and probably involves multiple loci of small to moderate effect. Genetic linkage studies have not been robust although some reports of linkage have been replicated several times. The NIMH began a national archival database for search of linked genes in this condition in 1988. Its purpose was to collect a large sample of interviews and cell line from families suitable for linkage and association studied. Four centers participated in the initiative: Indiana University, John Hopkins University, Washington University of St. Louis, and the NIMH Intramural Program. A new structured polydiagnostic interview, the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS), was developed and field-tested. Ascertainment was begun in 1992 to identify Bipolar I (BPI) probands with a BPI or Schizoaffective, Bipolar type (SA/BP) first degree relative. Two hundred and forty=three families have been enrolled int he program including 1025 affected subjects. Twenty one hundred sixty five structured interviews have been given and 2097 immortalized cells lines have been cryopreserved. A genomic survey has been completed on 540 subjects selected from 97 families and eight candidate areas for linkage have been identified, some supporting previous findings. These cell lines and related clinical information has been publicly
Studies 13
released. A follow-up sample is presently being genotyped, with particular attention to areas of interest identified in the original survey. It is proposed to extend the present study through families identified by a BPI-BPI sib pair at eight sites (Indiana, Washington University of St. Louis, Johns Hopkins, University of Pennsylvania, University of California, San Diego University of Utah, University of Chicago, and University of Iowa). A total of 450 new families and 2500 cell lines and interviews over the next four years will be added. This sample will be used to confirm and extend present findings of linkage, to narrow the implicated regions, and to test candidate genes. Genotypes will be shared with a consortium of investigators studying linkage in bipolar illness. Cell lines and interview data will be made freely available to the scientific community. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: COLLABORATIVE PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR DISORDER CONFERENCE Principal Investigator & Institution: Biederman, Joseph; Chief; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-FEB-2003; Project End 1-JAN-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): We are proposing a multi-year conference grant which seeks to establish a forum for researchers to pursue collaborative studies of pediatric bipolar disorder. This application was conceived in response to a recent roundtable discussion convened by the NIMH's Director, Dr. Steve Hyman, in collaboration with the Developmental Psychopathology and Prevention Research Branch and the Child and Adolescent Treatment and Preventive Intervention Research Branch. Despite controversy, the notion that pediatric bipolar disorder is exceedingly rare has been challenged by case reports and emerging research findings that suggest that this disorder may not be rare but, rather, that it is difficult to diagnose. It is also quite clear that, despite debate over nosological issues, many clinicians recognize that a sizable number of children suffer from a severe form of psychopathology associated with extreme irritability, violence, and incapacitation that is highly suggestive of bipolar disorder. Since a sizable clinical population currently exists for which relatively little systematic information is available, efforts that increase the pace and utility of research are desperately needed. Thus, an appropriate mechanism designed to facilitate regular communication among investigators and clinicians is needed as a first step to build collaborative research and guide clinical efforts that will foster a more efficient and streamlined approach to the understanding and treatment of this perplexing disorder. The main aim of the proposed conference grant is to overcome the hurdles to collaboration by establishing yearly conferences among investigators studying pediatric bipolar disorder. Subgoals of these conferences are: (1) to define the boundaries of the bipolar spectrum phenotype and determine if children who technically meet criteria for bipolar disorder actually have this disorder or are affected with another condition. (2) to standardize data collection methods across different centers to facilitate pooling of diagnostic data and validation of the disorder; (3) to facilitate joint submissions of large collaborative projects that will enable the study of a broad spectrum of scientific questions including genetic, imaging and therapeutic protocols; and (4) to create a mechanism for pooling samples so that potential findings from one group may be crossvalidated on pooled data from other groups. Although scientific projects studying pediatric bipolar disorder are likely to be funded in the coming years, these efforts will likely take many years to unfold. This scientific void and ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties calls for immediate action to foster contact and dialogue among interested parties in the clinical and scientific community. While the field faces a
14 Bipolar Disorder
dearth of information, more and more children and families are being referred to clinics for evaluation and treatment. Thus, steps that increase the identification of children with bipolar spectrum disorder and the development of initial therapeutic approaches to help them is of high clinical, scientific and public health importance. While the proposed conference does not intend to solve all outstanding problems associated with pediatric bipolar disorder, it will provide a forum to begin formulating a solution. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: CONST OF ADDICTION RES CTR: SCHIZOPHRENIA, BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Infante, Anthony J. Professor; Pediatrics; University of Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Ant 7703 Floyd Curl Dr San Antonio, Tx 78229 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 1-MAY-2002; Project End 0-APR-2003 Summary: (provided by applicant): The applicant requests $2,996,175 to build a dedicated two-floor research facility entitled "START Center" (17,225 sq. ft.) at the UTHSCSA. The START Center's mission is to provide an outstanding addiction and health disparities research and research training environment; in partnership with the Hispanic Center of Excellence; fusing collaborative neuroscience, behavioral, and community-based research into the underpinnings of addictive disorders; medication development to treat these disorders; and addressing minority health disparities in these disorders. Specifically, plans are to: 1) develop a centralized state-of-the-art research facility thereby forging increased interaction between scientists and increasing their productivity and efficiency; 2) provide contiguous animal and human laboratories for programmatic medications development, and increased understanding of mechanistic processes associated with both the disease states and the therapeutic medications; 3) provide biochemical and molecular genetics laboratories to support the pre-clinical and clinical neurobehavioral research, thereby inter-weaving research knowledge in these areas; 4) provide a state-of-the-art clinical research center for conducting large National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored studies with centralized core statistical, administrative, and research support; 5) expand the research training program of the Hispanic Center of Excellence at UTHSCSA through direct collaboration with START Center investigators; 6) expand community-based minority health and health disparities research pertaining to addictive disorders in partnership with the Hispanic Center of Excellence; and 7) enhance collaborative preclinical and clinical neuroimaging studies in the Research Imaging Center at UTHSCSA. The START Center's research addresses national needs in the areas of addiction and mental health. The START Center will greatly benefit the research goals of sixteen funded researchers at UTHSCSA with inadequate space who are currently housed at separate sites on campus. The START Center will enable recruitment of three new faculty critical to the development of the program. Consolidation of START Center investigators within this facility will benefit students, fellows, physicians, and other health workers including those affiliated with the Hispanic Center of Excellence. The Principal Investigator (PI) will be the Associate Dean for Research of the Medical School, Anthony J. Infante, M.D. The Project Coordinator will be Bankole A. Johnson, M.D., Ph.D. The University will contribute 50 percent of the projected costs. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: DEVELOPMENTAL SUBTYPES OF JUVENILE BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Wozniak, Janet;; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114
Studies 15
Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-SEP-1997; Project End 0-APR-2003 Summary: (Adapted from applicant's abstract): This is an application for a Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (K08) with a study focus on juvenile bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is one of the most incapacitating psychiatric illnesses and is associated with high rates of morbidity, disability, and suicidality. While it has been recognized since Kraepelinian times that bipolar disorder can have an onset in childhood, the scientific literature addressing its form in childhood and adolescence is scant. Preliminary work suggests that children with bipolar disorder present with severe irritability, mixed presentation with major depression, and chronic course. Impairment is severe and psychiatric hospitalization is common among these children. A leading source of diagnostic confusion in prepubertal mania is the high rate of comorbidity and symptomatic overlap with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity and emotional lability can be present in both ADHD and bipolar disorder, the differential diagnosis can be difficult. The fact that children with BPD frequently meet criteria for ADHD has created several nosological questions: Are these children very severe cases of ADHD? Is their ADHD a misdiagnosis due to overlapping symptoms? Do they truly have both disorders? During the Award period, the candidate will pursue a Research Plan, undertaking comprehensive assessments of bipolar children, adolescents, and their family members in an effort to distinguish the course, characteristics and comorbidity of juvenile bipolar disorder. Based on pilot work, the candidate proposes to use a family-genetic study to test hypotheses about the nosological validity of BPD+ADHD as a distinct subtype of child psychiatric disorder. The candidate will assess and compare 50 children with BPD+ADHD (age<=12), 50 adolescents with BPD+ADHD, 50 adolescents having BPD w/o ADHD, and 50 non-BPD, non-ADHD pediatric controls, as well as the first degree relatives of each group. The candidate plans to directly interview children and adolescents with bipolar disorder in order to verify and describe the complex clinical picture and developmental variations associated with this diagnosis. In addition to the Research Plan, the candidate plans to pursue coursework and tutorials in research design, biostatistics, genetics, quality of care and quality of life research, and psychiatric epidemiology. This, in addition to mentoring and consultation with senior researchers in child, adolescent and adult psychiatry, will comprise an organized program of training and research aimed at furthering the candidate's personal development towards becoming an independent investigator. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: DIRECTED FORGETTING IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Fleck, David E. Psychiatry; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-SEP-2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: EXPRESSION OF GRK3 AND ASSOCIATION WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Barrett, Thomas B. Psychiatry; University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, Dept. 0934 La Jolla, Ca 92093 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-APR-2003; Project End 1-MAR-2008
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Summary: (provided by applicant): The objective of this K08 Award for Thomas Barrett, M.D., Ph.D., is to prepare the candidate to be an independent investigator in functional neurobiology and molecular genetics relevant to psychiatric disorders. He developed a strong foundation in molecular and cellular biology doing Ph.D. and fellowship work, then, six years ago began retraining to do basic psychiatric research. Career Development Plan: The candidate's goal is to prepare himself to be an academic researcher investigating the biological basis of bipolar disorder (BPD). His training objectives are designed to develop a strong foundation in analysis of gene function and the effect of variants, in molecular genetics, and in statistical genetics. Specific objectives are: 1. clinical study design, diagnosis, and ascertainment; 2. high throughput sequencing and genotyping, and bioinformatics; 3. experimental design and statistical analysis for positional cloning studies, especially linkage analysis and association studies; 4. the development of molecular and cellular assays to test for functional effects of candidate mutations, particularly promoter and enhancer analysis; 5. the analysis of candidate mutations that effect cell signaling systems. Research Plan: Genome-wide linkage scans suggest a susceptibility gene for BPD lies at or in the vicinity of the gene G protein receptor kinase-3 (GRK3) on chromosome 22. GRK3 desensitizes many G proteincoupled receptors. Preliminary data indicate that a variant in the promoter region of GRK3 is associated with BPD. Transmission disequilibrium analysis in two triad sets gave a combined p-value = 0.0019. The hypothesis that altered regulation of GRK3 results in hypersensitivity to neurotransmitter signaling and susceptibility to BPD will be tested. The candidate will reanalyze available data to substantiate linkage to the GRK3 region of ch22. Additional haplotypes in the implicated region will be identified and tested for association with disease. A cell culture expression vector system will be established to test putative regulatory variants for functional effect. Functional studies will be done to assess GRK3 expression, including allele-specific expression, in lymphoblastoid cell lines from subjects with BPD. By these means the candidate proposes to test if GRK3, or another gene if so identified, is a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Pato, Carlos N. Professor and Director; Psychiatry; State University of New York at Buffalo 402 Crofts Hall Buffalo, Ny 14260 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-AUG-1999; Project End 8-FEB-2002 Summary: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): The investigators will study a relatively genetically homogeneous population to test the hypotheses that genetic factors are linked to bipolar disorder. The study will focus on the population of the Azores, a nine island archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. The Azores have a centralized health system. All ten psychiatrists on the islands are collaborating with the investigators on this project. The investigators are currently funded to study schizophrenia in this same population and believe that it is critical to study all of the patients suffering with bipolar including over 300 affected family members. The pilot study has already identified 25 families with 84 affected members. A complementary strategy will be used to study candidate loci. They will study a sample of 225 subjects suffering from bipolar disorder and their parents (Total n=675) employing the haplotype relative risk and the transmission/disequilibrium test strategies. This strategy insures that the investigators control for all ancestry for each subject, using the uninherited haplotype derived from the two parents. The third sample will include all other Azorean patients with bipolar disorder in the Azores. This will be a valuable
Studies 17
sample for assessing the prevalence of any mutations that are identified in the population. These complementary strategies will allow them to cross validate any positive results. The careful diagnostic definition of phenotype will be based on detailed structured clinical data employing the diagnostic interview for genetic studies (DIGS), which they have translated into Portuguese. The project is designed to capture a very complete history of the patient's illness, as well as to be able to follow most subjects prospectively for a long period of time. This will be extremely valuable for achieving diagnostic certainty, and minimizing false positives. The Whitehead/MIT Center for Genome Research will perform a genome-wide scan and collaborate on all data analysis for the project. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Smoller, Jordan W. Assistant Professor; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-MAY-2003; Project End 1-MAR-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): This revised collaborative R01 application is designed to identify susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder (BD) by testing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across chromosomal regions previously linked to BD. Our proposal is an ancillary study to the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD), a large treatment study involving approximately 5000 affected individuals. The sample will consist of consenting probands from STEP-BD (n = 1780), consenting family members, and a sample of unrelated controls. Because of its unprecedented size and longitudinal nature, STEP-BD provides a unique opportunity for the genetic dissection of BD. We will conduct the study in stages as follows: 1) perform a meta-analysis of available genome scans of BD to identify regions most likely to harbor susceptibility loci, 2) use pooled genotyping methods to test SNPs under these linkage peaks in a Screening Sample of 550 cases and 550 unrelated controls, 3) followup positive associations in a Family-Based Sample of 1361 nuclear families using familybased and haplotype analyses with a more focused and dense SNP map, and 4) perform secondary analyses to evaluate epitasis among associated loci and examine phenotypic subtypes. This proposal combines the advantages of systematic phenotyping and statistical power offered by the STEP-BD cohort together with innovative molecular and statistical genetic methods to permit rigorous evaluation of chromosomal regions most strongly implicated by prior linkage studies. The feasibility of this proposal has been further enhanced since the previous submission because NIMH will be separately funding the collection of DNA and phenotypic data from STEP-BD cases to establish a repository for the scientific community. Moreover, Dr. Nimgaonkar and Dr. Smoller (PIs for the current proposal) will be co-directing this effort on behalf of the STEP-BD study. Identification of liability genes would represent a major advance in understanding the pathophysiology of BD, and might guide the development of more effective and targeted treatments. An important dividend of this large study will be the expansion of the repository to include DNA data on relatives and on an independent sample of controls, thus facilitating future genetic studies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: GENETIC LINKAGE STUDIES IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS Principal Investigator & Institution: Gershon, Elliot S. Chairman; Psychiatry; University of Chicago 5801 S Ellis Ave Chicago, Il 60637
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Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 5-APR-2000; Project End 1-MAR-2004 Summary: This application is submitted under the Program Announcement "Collaborative Studies of Mental Disorders." The broad aims are to expand a unique, existing set of pedigrees and test candidate regions for linkage and association with bipolar disorder. For the Johns Hopkins site this represents a revised competing renewal application while for the University of Chicago site this is a new proposal. Together we propose to double the existing family resource by ascertaining an additional 80 moderate-sized families through bipolar I probands with 2 or more siblings affected with recurrent major affective disorders. All participants will be interviewed by trained psychiatrists who have established excellent inter-rater reliability. Diagnoses will be assigned by 2 non-interviewing psychiatrists who review all clinical data. This sample has already proven to be of considerable value to the field. Among clinical findings that have spawned new research directions are our reports of anticipation, parent-of-origin effects, a high prevalence of BPII among the close relatives of the bipolar I probands, and high rates of comorbid panic disorder in a subset of families. This sample provided the first support for previous evidence of linkage to the peri-centromeric region of chromosome 18, the first evidence of linkage to 18q, and the first molecular evidence for a parent-of-origin effect in bipolar disorder. Findings from prospective studies of the 2nd half of this sample demonstrate strikingly high allele-sharing between bipolar II sib pairs at several loci in 18q2l. Exploratory analyses of co- morbid panic disorder and alcoholism have also suggested methods for predicting heterogeneity between bipolar families. In addition to collecting more families, we propose to genotype the existing and additional family sets at candidate regions implicated by a recent genome-wide scan for linkage that has been completed on 68 pedigrees from this sample. We further propose to use standard and innovative linkage and association methods to extract the maximal genetic information needed to locate genes influencing susceptibility to bipolar disorder. This is the most carefully clinically assessed family set in the field. The studies generated from this family resource have already demonstrated its value and have provided testable hypotheses for further work. The enlargement, continued maintenance, and analysis of this unique family resource is important to the field and will form the basis for many future studies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: GENOME SEARCH:LOCI LINK TO FAMILIAL MENTAL HEALTH WELLNESS:BIPOLAR DISORDER RISK Principal Investigator & Institution: I Ginns, Edward;; Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Ave Cleveland, Oh 44106 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci and their corresponding molecular products have turned out to be highly polymorphic and functionally complex. Class I molecules not only serve as peptide receptors, but also interact with 2-microglobulin, an ` T cell receptor, CD8 and NK inhibitory molecules, all at different sites. The fact that more than 300 class I alleles have now been defined prompted us to ask the question of where polymorhpism really occurs in a class I molecule. We have used a database of 272 HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles to illustrate how extensive the polymorphism is. Comparison of alleles and allele families have been carried out for the facilitation of studies of class I structure and function. This study is now complete. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
Studies 19
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Project Title: GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC STUDIES OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Escamilla, Michael A. Associate Professor; Psychiatry; University of Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Ant 7703 Floyd Curl Dr San Antonio, Tx 78229 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-SEP-1997; Project End 1-DEC-2002 Summary: This proposal is for a career development award to allow the candidate to continue his studies Of linkage strategies to locate genes associated with bipolar disorder (BP) and to better define the phenotype(s) associated with BP predisposition genes. The award will provide support for the candidate as he develops expertise in the methodology and statistical apprOaches necessary to pursue these projects. The principal mentOr will be Dr. Nelson Freimer, in whose laboratory at UCSF several linkage and positional cloning projects are now underway. Methodologies to be learned during this periOd include the use Of autOmated technOlogy for genome screening and statistical approaches to identifying genes associated with bipolar disorder in isolated populations. Dr. Lodewijk Sandkuiijl will serve as a collaborator on developing statistical methods for linkage disequilibrium analysis. The source of the data for these studies will be samples drawn from pedigree studies of BP and a separate linkage disequilibrium study of BP, both selected from the isolated Costa Rican population. High risk haplotypes for severe BP have already been identified in many of these subjects, and the candidate will learn skills for fine mapping and mutation analysis using these samples. Environmental factors which may interact with the course and severity of BP, such as drug and alcohol use, will be evaluated in both subjects from the pedigree studies and the linkage disequilibrium studies of BP. In the latter stages of this proposal, DNA from a sample of BP patients will be drawn from clinics in the San Francisco area to serve as a source for studying mutations that may be identified first in the Costa Rican population. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: GLUCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3BETA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Li, Xiaohua; Psychiatry & Behav Neurobiol; University of Alabama at Birmingham Uab Station Birmingham, Al 35294 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-APR-2003; Project End 1-MAR-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): This project will study the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, its modulation by mood stabilizers and its potential role in bipolar disorder. The five-year plans to enable the candidate to develop into an independent psychiatric investigator to conduct translational research in bipolar disorder. The project provides extensive training in new research skills, including studying transcription factors and gene expression, using gene microarray techniques, and conducting clinical research. The central hypothesis for the research is that abnormal functioning of GSK3beta plays a role in the development of bipolar disorder. The hypothesis is based on the recent evidence that bipolar disorder may involve impaired neural plasticity and neural degeneration, and GSK3beta, a protein kinase with multiple regulatory functions in neuronal tissues, is a major intracellular target of the mood stabilizer lithium. Our preliminary results also indicate that three mood stabilizers have modulatory effects on GSK3beta. Three Specific Aims will be pursued to test the central hypothesis and accomplish the overall objective of this application. Specific Aim 1 will determine the role of GSK3beta in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor activity and its modulation by mood stabilizers. BDNF-mediated
20 Bipolar Disorder
signaling and CREB will be studied because they are components of a neural-specific signaling system that appears to be impaired in mood disorders. Specific Aim 2 will determine the role of GSK3beta in BDNF-induced gene expression and its modulation by mood stabilizers. Gene expression will be studied because it is thought to be impaired in bipolar disorder and is modified by treatment with mood stabilizers. This hypothesis will be tested by measuring gene expression using gene microarray. The Specific Aims 1 and 2 provide training in studies of regulation of transcription factors and gene expression to obtain new skills in molecular biology, which is an important training component of this application. Specific Aim 3 will measure GSK3beta activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with bipolar disorder before and after treatment with lithium. This Specific Aim has a clinical research component to bridge the clinical and basic studies, and to facilitate the candidate's development of skills in translational research. The proposed research is innovative, because it will identify the role of GSK3beta in the development of bipolar disorder. The proposed research is expected to have a significant impact on understanding the pathophysiology and improving the treatment of bipolar disorder. At the completion of these studies, the candidate will have established a solid background in molecular biology techniques and clinical research enabling her to be an independent psychiatric researcher who possesses the ability to use molecular biology techniques to answer clinical questions. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: HETEROGENEITY OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Pulver, Ann E. Associate Professor; Psychiatry and Behavioral Scis; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-DEC-1998; Project End 0-NOV-2003 Summary: Bipolar disorders are frequent and disabling expression and unknown etiology. They are disorders of mood that can be manifested with a variety of symptoms including psychosis. Little is known about the causes of bipolar disorder but there is convincing evidence that both genetic and environmental factors play some role in the etiology of bipolar disorder. The mechanism is not known. Most investigators believe that bipolar disorders are etiologically heterogeneous and some believe that they may share some susceptibility genes with schizophrenia. The long term objective of this research is to localize and characterize genes of importance to Bipolar Disorders and to test the hypothesis that bipolar disorders share some genetically determined susceptibility with some form of schizophrenia. This will be achieved through molecular genetic approaches (i.e., linkage analysis and linkage disequilibrium studies using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers). Understanding the factors that contribute to the susceptibility of these disorders may benefit affected individuals and their relatives. Identification of the genes involved may provide new targets for the development of medications to ameliorate these disorders. It has been previously shown that genetically more homogenous populations provide certain advantages to the identification of susceptibility genes. In the effort described in this application, we aim to use the unique genetic structure of the Ashkenazi Jewish population to enable a genetic dissection of bipolar disorders. The specific aims of the proposal are as follows: 1) to recruit and evaluate a sample of 200 Ashkenazi Jewish families with at least two affected siblings and at least one parent willing to participate (Sib Pair Panel); 2) to recruit and evaluate an independent sample of 300 Ashkenazi Jewish patients who are diagnosed as having bipolar disorder and whose parents are willing to participate (Trio Panel). DNA will be isolated and lymphocytes will be isolated, frozen and stored for individuals in both the Sib Pair and Trio Panels; 3) to complete a genome wide scan at a
Studies 21
resolution of 10 cM using well-mapped highly polymorphic loci in the Sib-Pair Panel to detect new susceptibility loci; 4) to perform follow-up genotyping in the Trio Panel to create a denser map in the 10 regions identified in the genome scan to have the most evidence for a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorders; 5) to maintain contact with these families so follow-up may be possible in the future, and 6) to make this unique clinical resource available to other investigators pursuing this goal. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: IN VIVO STUDIES OF THE PI PATHWAY IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Soares, Jair C. Associate Professor; Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 350 Thackeray Hall Pittsburgh, Pa 15260 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 0-MAY-2000; Project End 0-APR-2002 Summary: The candidate is an Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. He is proposing a career development plan designed to acquire additional clinical skills, and research skills in platelet membrane neurochemistry and neurochemical brain imaging with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). These skills will be used to investigate in vivo the intracellular phosphatidylinositol (PI) pathway, and examine the hypothesis of a dysfunction in this pathway in bipolar disorder patients. The PI pathway may be dysfunctional in bipolar disorder, and this may be an important mechanism underlying its pathophysiology, and the mechanisms of action of lithium and other treatments for this condition. Thirty unmedicated patients meeting criteria for bipolar type I according to DSM-IV (10 manic, 10 depressed, and 10 euthymic), and 20 lithium-treated euthymic bipolar patients will be studied. As a comparison group, 20 age, sex, and educational-matched healthy controls will be recruited. Patients will provide blood samples for determination of platelet membrane phosphoinositides, which will be done with two-dimensional thin-layer chromotography followed by scanning laser densitometry. They will also undergo a 1.5 T proton MRS brain scan, which will allow the quantitation of myoinositol in a voxel placed in the anterior cingulate. The career development plan will prepare the candidate for a full-time clinical research career devoted to the investigation of possible neurobiological mechanisms implicated in causation of bipolar disorder, and the mechanisms of action for the treatment of this condition. It is designed to allow the candidate's transition into an independent career in patient-oriented research in this field. These activities may result in substantial contributions to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, and ultimately contribute to the development of new treatments for this condition. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: LAMICTAL IN TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Zisook, Sidney; Professor & Director; University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, Dept. 0934 La Jolla, Ca 92093 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
22 Bipolar Disorder
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Project Title: LARGE SCALE ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Sklar, Pamela B.; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 1-MAY-2002; Project End 0-APR-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): A strong genetic basis for bipolar disorder has been demonstrated by family and twin studies, yet classical genetic linkage analyses have yet to define relevant loci. Thus, multiple genes, each conferring a moderate increase in risk may underlie susceptibility to this disorder. We propose using large-scale association studies (of the transmission disequilibrium design) to identify alleles conferring increased risk for bipolar disease. This approach is complementary to linkage analyses and takes advantage of data from linkage analyses. We hypothesize that certain areas which have yielded linkage signals in three or more whole genome scans may harbor disease alleles of moderate individual impact, but of large potential population impact. Thus, we will focus on genes/SNPs from these areas. Additionally, in selecting further genes for our association studies, we will take into account biochemical and mRNA expression studies that are beyond the scope of this grant, but which will likely identify additional interesting genes to genotype. Thus, triangulating on candidate genes using knowledge obtained from linkage analysis, biochemical and expression studies is a promising approach to identifying risk alleles for bipolar disease. We have developed a robust, inexpensive genotyping method, have gained access to extensive, patient-parent trios, will benefit from the analytical and informatics expertise of the Whitehead Institute Center for Genome Research and are therefore poised to proceed with a rationally designed, large-scale association study of bipolar disease which will include analyses of upwards of 2,000,000 genotypes. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: LIFE STRESS & THE COURSE OF EARLY-ONSET BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Kim, Eunice Y. Psychology; University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, Co 80309 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 0-SEP-2002; Project End 4-MAY-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant): Despite the benefits of pharmacotherapy for earlyonset bipolar disorder, bipolar youths report high rates of relapse and poor psychosocial functioning. However, studies of early-onset bipolar disorder have not identified environmental variables that influence the course of the disorder. Based on studies with adults that indicate an important relationship between stress and bipolar disorder, and findings that adolescents experiencing high levels of stress are at increased risk for depressive episodes, this study proposes an exploratory, prospective examination of stress as a predictor of symptomatic and psychosocial outcome among bipolar youths. A total of 40 adolescents with a bipolar I diagnosis will participate in assessments of stress, symptoms, and behavioral problems at 3-month intervals for 12 months. Youths reporting high levels of stress are expected to experience less improvement in bipolar symptoms and behavior problems over time, compared to adolescents reporting low levels of stress. Types of stressors will also be examined to identify key targets for psychosocial interventions. Chronic stressors are expected to have a more prominent role in predicting symptoms and behavioral problems than episodic stressful events. Family-related stressors are expected to have a stronger influence on symptom fluctuations over one year than school and peer-related stressors. Findings will suggest
Studies 23
future directions for understanding the types of stressors that influence the cycling of early-onset bipolar disorder, and the causal mechanisms involved. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: LITHIUM RESPONSIVE BIPOLAR DISORDER AND CNS MYO INOSITOL Principal Investigator & Institution: Glitz, Debra A. Clinician-Educator; Psychiatry & Behav Neuroscis; Wayne State University 656 W. Kirby Detroit, Mi 48202 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-AUG-1999; Project End 0-JUN-2003 Summary: Bipolar Affective Disorder (BD) is a common, severe, chronic and lifethreatening illness. The discovery of lithium's efficacy revolutionized the treatment of patients with BD, and after more than two decades, lithium continues to be the mainstay of treatment. The effect on the broader community has been highlighted by one estimation that the use of lithium saved the United States US4 billion dollars in a recent year period, by reducing associated medical costs and restoring productivity. However, despite its role as one of psychiatry's most important treatments, lithium's mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that a significant number of patients respond poorly to lithium therapy, with an estimated 20 percent to 40 percent failing to show an adequate therapeutic response to lithium. Studies such as these indicate two important and highly clinically relevant directions for future research: firstly, the need to better identify patients likely to respond to lithium treatment, and secondly, the necessity to develop more effective treatment regimens. The most widely accepted hypothesis underlying lithium's therapeutic efficacy is the inositol depletion hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that lithium produces a relative depletion of myo-inositol (mI) in critical areas of brain and it is this depletion of a major precursor of the phosphoinositide second messenger system which ultimately results in its therapeutic effects. Despite the attractiveness of the inositol depletion hypothesis, it has never been investigated in BD patients. Thus, there is a clear need to determine if lithium reduces the levels of mI critical brain regions of individuals with BD, and if individual differences in susceptibility to lithium-induced CNS mI reductions represent major factors determining resistance or sensitivity to lithium's therapeutic effects. The proposed research will utilize non-invasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technology to determine if lithium treatment alters regional mI concentrations in the human brain. In addition, the research will determine if alterations in brain mI levels are associated with responsiveness to lithium's antidepressants effects. This research offers the potential not only to facilitate in the identification of patients most likely to respond to lithium treatment, but may also facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: MAINTENANCE THERAPIES IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS Principal Investigator & Institution: Frank, Ellen; Professor; Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 350 Thackeray Hall Pittsburgh, Pa 15260 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-JUN-1977; Project End 0-NOV-2002 Summary: The primary goal of this investigation is to examine the additive prophylactic potential of an individual psychotherapy based on interpersonal and social rhythm principles in bipolar I patients maintained on lithium carbonate. An adaptation of maintenance interpersonal psychotherapy, this intervention takes into account the specific vulnerabilities, symptoms, and interpersonal problem areas associated with
24 Bipolar Disorder
bipolar disorder. Acutely ill patients in a manic or depressed episode are randomly assigned to either individual psychotherapy or medication clinic visits in addition to appropriate pharmacotherapy. Patients who stabilize (HRSD and Bech- Rafaelsen < 7 for four weeks) are then randomly assigned to preventative treatment with either individual psychotherapy or medication clinic visits in addition to pharmacotherapy. Thus, patients in this study will receive one of four possible treatment strategies: 1) preliminary phase psychotherapy followed by preventative phase psychotherapy; 2) preliminary phase medication clinic visits followed by preventative phase medication clinic visits; 3) preliminary phase psychotherapy followed by preventative phase medication clinic visit; or 4) preliminary phase medication clinic visits followed by preventative phase psychotherapy. Those patients who experience a relapse (during the initial twelve weeks of the preventative phase) or a recurrence (after week 12 of the preventative phase) will be treated with appropriate pharmacotherapy and continued in psychotherapy or medication clinic visits as dictated by their original randomization assignment. These patients will then be followed for the remainder of what would have been their time in the protocol had they remained well. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: MOLECULAR AND POPULATION GENETICS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Freimer, Nelson B. Professor and Director; None; University of California Los Angeles 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, Ca 90024 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-SEP-1996; Project End 0-APR-2006 Summary: (Investigator's abstract): This application is for competitive renewal of an NIMH Research Scientist Development Award. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is the nominating institution and the site of most of the planned research and career development activities. The chief objective of the proposal is to foster the continued development of the P1 as an investigator working at the boundary between molecular human genetics and psychiatry. The P1's laboratory is mainly focused on the use of molecular and population genetics approaches to identify the chromosomal location of genes responsible for bipolar disorder (BP), to clone these genes and then to characterize their function. The proposal outlines these objectives and the plans for achieving them. The new goals represent a natural extension of those enunciated in the current award, and are based on developments in human genetics and genomics, as a whole, but particularly on work accomplished in the PI's laboratory during the past four years. Identifying genes responsible for BP will lead to reevaluation of the diagnostic categories that are currently in place for mood disorders. Mapping and cloning BP genes will be of great scientific significance and will likely also have important implications for clinical practice. The proposed population genetics studies aimed mainly at understanding factors governing the detection of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genome and on improving the methods available for LD analysis, will yield information that may be valuable in mapping loci for BP as well as other psychiatric disorders. Additionally, the P1's laboratory has developed a new project focused on pharmacogenetic studies of neurotransmitter transporter genes. The goal of these studies is to systematically identify sequence variants in these genes and then to determine if such variants are associated with treatment response to or side effects from psychopharmacologic agents, in particular antidepressant drugs. These studies may lead to more focused used of such agents in clinical practice. Some of the projects proposed in this application will be carried out in collaboration with
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investigators who have already contributed to the P1's development as a scientist, while other proposed projects will be carried out with new collaborators. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: MOLECULAR GENETICS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Baron, Miron; Psychiatry; Columbia University Health Sciences Ogc New York, Ny 10032 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 0-SEP-1998; Project End 1-AUG-2004 Summary: (Adapted from investigator's abstract) This proposal is in response to RFA 98-010 entitled "Molecular Genetics of Mental Disorders," a research initiative based on recommendations of the National Advisory Mental Health Council and the NIMH Genetics Workgroup. The broad objective of the proposed research is to detect and localize susceptibility loci for bipolar and related mood disorders. This goal will be attained through a genome-wide search for linkage between the disease and marker loci in a large sample of multiplex pedigrees. The investigators propose a two-site international project is to collect the pedigree sample. Specifically, it is proposed to (1) collect a sample of 300 pedigrees, including about 400 affected sib pairs with bipolar I disorder and 60 to 75 extended high- density pedigrees; (2) evaluate subjects clinically using the DIGS and FIGS interviews, and obtain best estimate clinical diagnoses based on interview, family history, and medical records; (3) obtain blood samples from subjects informative for linkage analysis, for DNA extraction and creation of cell lines; (4) conduct a 10cM genome scan with 377 microsattelite markers; (5) analyze the clinical and genotypic data for evidence of linkage using various statistical methods; and (6) based on the linkage results, identify candidate genomic regions for further study. About 1,500 subjects will be studied. The investigators will make available to the scientific community the clinical and biological data to facilitate efforts to map and clone the disease genes. Long-term goals will include the identification and characterization of the disease genes using a gamut of molecular techniques; elucidation of geneenvironment, interaction, and characterization of cases with linked genes to identify and define homogenous subsets of the disorder. These long-term objectives will be considered in a renewal application. The availability of a unique series of pedigrees, coupled with recent advances in diagnostic procedures, molecular genetics techniques and linkage analysis methods, bode well for unraveling the genetic mechanisms that underlie some forms of bipolar disorder. This, in turn, may have important implications for the etiology, nosology, pathophysiology and, possibly, prevention and treatment of this disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: MOLECULAR GENETICS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Chen, Haiming; Psychiatry and Behavioral Scis; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-JUL-2003; Project End 0-JUN-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): This mentored research scientist career development award (K01) proposal is a four-year plan to enable the candidate to develop into an independent investigator in the field of psychiatric genetics. This proposal provides for extensive development of his skills in bioinformatics, gene array technology, and SNPbased linkage disequilibrium (LD) studies. These short-term career goals will be accomplished through formal course work, extensive mentorship in a collaborative environment, and implementation of a research plan that will form the basis of a larger
26 Bipolar Disorder
body of research aimed at investigating the molecular genetics of bipolar disorder. Mentorship will be provided by Dr. Christopher A. Ross, Director of the Division of Neurobiology in the Department of Psychiatry, and Dr. Melvin G. Mclnnis, Director of the George Browne Genetics Laboratory. Dr. J. Raymond DePaulo, Jr., Director of the Department of Psychiatry will continue to provide expert consultation in clinical practice and psychiatric genetic analysis. Drs. Aravinda Chakravarti, Terri Beaty, Jonathan Pevsner, and Forrest Spencer will provide expert consultation in bioinformatics, LD and microarray analysis. Dr. Francis McMahon, Chief, Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, NIMH, will provide facilities and assistance in SNP genotyping technology. The didactic training will be complemented by the proposed research project, which is designed to test the hypothesis that gene variations underlie susceptibility to bipolar disorder. This hypothesis has been supported through twin, adoption, and family studies and by recent reports of linkage to a number of regions in the human genome. This project will take advantage of the valuable bipolar disorder family data set that has been compiled under the direction of Dr. DePaulo, and showed strong linkage to the region of 18q21-22. The specific aims are 1). To develop a custom gene array specific to the 18q21-22 region for expression profiling and identification of genes with altered expression and/or splicing variances in BPD; 2). To identify by use of microarray analysis the genes with altered expression in postmortem brain and fresh blood samples from patients with BPD, and to use the more accurate RT-PCR analysis to verify significant findings in array experiments; 3). To identify and genotype SNPs in 18q21-22 in bipolar pedigrees, and to test for allelic or haplotype associations with BPD using LD analysis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: MRSI OF FRONTOSUBCORTICAL CIRCUITS IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Deicken, Raymond F.; Northern California Institute Res & Educ San Francisco, Ca 941211545 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-APR-2001; Project End 1-MAR-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant) Developing evidence strongly suggests that bipolar disorder involves localized abnormalities in specific brain structures that participate in fronto-limbic-subcortical circuits regulating mood. The specific structures include the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala hippocampus, and cerebellum. There is clearly a need for systematic study of these structures in bipolar disorder to determine the magnitude and extent of regional neuropathology, which may be too subtle to reliably detect by present quantitative MRI measurements of tissue volume alterations. Subtle neuronal loss or damage has been shown to be readily detectable by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS I) measures of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a neuronal and axonal marker and a reliable indicator of neuronal integrity. Therefore, this proposal will utilize high resolution MRI together with 'H MRSI to determine if there is reduced NAA, with or without tissue volume loss, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, putamen, hippocampus, and cerebellar vermis in bipolar disorder. MRI derived tissue volumes will be utilized together with NAA and choline measures to make preliminary inferences about regional neuropathologic changes such as neuronal dysfunction, neuronal loss (with or without gliosis), developmental hypoplasia, and synaptic/dendritic pruning failure. Second, this proposal will examine NAA measures in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and white matter signal hyperintensities (WMSH) of the prefrontal white, subcortical, and periventricular white matter regions.
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White matter NAA reductions will be interpreted as evidence for axonal loss or dysfunction and evidence for compromised integrity of white matter pathways. Third, this proposal will determine if there is increased NAA. with or without increased tissue volumes, in the thalamus and amygdala in bipolar disorder. Increased NAA and/or increased tissue volumes will be interpreted as evidence for possible increased neuronal number or interneuronal neuropil. Fourth, this proposal will determine if the magnitude and/or extent of regionally specific NAA alterations is different in bipolar I compared to bipolar II disorder. Finally, this proposal will determine if longer illness duration and greater illness severity (defined as a greater number of lifetime hospitalizations for mania or depression) result in more severe brain pathology as measured by the magnitude of regionally specific NAA alterations. Determining whether the neuropathology in different brain regions is a result of progressive damage to the brain over time will have important implications for treatment interventions in binpolar disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: NEUROCOGNITION IN CHILDREN AT RISK FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Shear, Paula K. Psychology; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-DEC-2002; Project End 0-NOV-2004 Summary: (provided by applicant): This revised NIMH Small Grant (R03) Award application is to support a preliminary investigation of executive functioning ability in children genetically at risk to develop bipolar disorder (BPD). BPD in children and adolescents is increasingly recognized as a common disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that children with BPD may have a strong genetic vulnerability to develop this disorder and also may exhibit a particularly virulent form of the disorder. In addition to their mood symptoms, there is strong evidence that patients with BPD demonstrate cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, a small number of reports suggest that cognitive deficits are evident in adults and children who are at genetic risk for BPD but who, at the time of evaluation, have not developed mood syndromes. Cognitive deficits are of direct clinical relevance because they are known to be associated with impairment in completing activities required for successful everyday functioning, including academic and vocational activities. In addition, cognitive dysfunction in individuals who are genetically at risk for BPD has strong theoretical importance because it may provide information about inherited features of mood syndromes, inform theories about the neurophysiological basis of mood disorders, and may potentially be evaluated in the future as one marker that could contribute to the early detection of individuals who are at the strongest risk of developing BPD. Previous work from our laboratory suggests that children at genetic risk for BPD have executive functioning deficits, including impairment in planning, problem-solving, and inhibition. The proposed study will compare the abilities of at-risk children who have mood syndromes, at-risk children without mood syndromes, and a control group of children of parents without a mood disorder on tests of specific component processes of executive functioning. A secondary aim of the study is examine, through parent and teacher ratings, whether children at risk for BPD with and without mood syndromes exhibit impairment in activities of daily living that are thought to be dependent on the integrity of executive functioning skills, and to examine the relationship between these functional deficits and performance on neuropsychological tests of executive ability. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF WORKING MEMORY IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Adler, Caleb M. Psychiatry; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-JAN-2003; Project End 1-DEC-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): This NIMH Mentored Patient-Oriented Career Development (K23) Award application is to support Dr. Caleb M. Adler's developing expertise in neuroimaging and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric illness accompanied by severe morbidity and mortality. Traditionally viewed as a cyclic illness with a return to baseline function between affective episodes, evidence suggests that bipolar disorder is associated with significant deficits in specific cognitive domains, particularly working memory. Neuroimaging studies in bipolar patients suggest dysfunction of structures associated with the "network" of brain regions involved in working memory. Consistent with these observations, working memory deficits are observed in bipolar patients across the affective spectrum, suggesting that these deficits represent a "core symptom" of bipolar disorder, rising out of the neurophysiology of the illness. The specific research supported by this award will involve studying neuronal activity associated with working memory inpatients with bipolar disorder and healthy volunteers. The candidate will use fMRI to study patterns of activation in bipolar patients and healthy volunteers while they are performing a series of working memory tasks increasing parametrically in difficulty. Both medicated and unmedicated bipolar patients will be enrolled. In addition to increasing understanding of the neurophysiology underlying working memory deficits in bipolar patients, the candidate seeks to improve our understanding of the effects of medication on activation patterns. A better understanding of this "core symptom" may help clarify the underlying neurophysiologic substrates of bipolar disorder, ultimately suggesting future treatment directions. As a follow-up protocol, the candidate will compare working memory-induced activation in bipolar patients during acute mood states with the previously obtained euthymic data. Working memory deficits are exacerbated in depression and mania; these comparisons may clarify changes in the neurophysiology of bipolar disorder during acute affective episodes. During the course of this K23 award, the candidate will obtain additional training in bipolar psychopathology, functional imaging techniques, cognitive testing and statistical analysis, as well as research ethics. The candidate will integrate these skills with previous training and experience in other areas of functional imaging and clinical psychiatry in order to develop expertise in the investigation of the neurophysiology of bipolar disorder. At the conclusion of this award, the candidate will be well positioned to function as an independent investigator extending this work using other cognitive paradigms and to further examine staterelated cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN BIPOLAR DISORDER PROPHYLAXIS Principal Investigator & Institution: Stoll, Andrew L. Assistant Professor; Mc Lean Hospital (Belmont, Ma) Belmont, Ma 02478 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 0-SEP-1999; Project End 1-JUL-2003 Summary: The purpose of the proposed clinical trial is to assess the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids (03FA) in preventing recurrence in patients with bipolar disorder, type 1. Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil (a mixture of docosahexanoic (DHA) and eicosapentanoic (EPA) acids), are polyunsaturated lipids which inhibit intracellular
Studies 29
signal transduction in a manner comparable to lithium and divalproex, 2 drugs with efficacy in bipolar disorder. An initial 4 month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, addon study of 03FA treatment in 30 recently ill bipolar patients revealed that the omega-3 treated group had a significantly greater duration of remission compared to the placebo group (p = 0.002 Mantel-Cox). 03FA are non-toxic, essential dietary lipids, and there were few side-effects to the 03FA treatment. This initial indication of efficacy, combined with the need for safe and effective prophylactic treatments for bipolar disorder, warrant undertaking a larger and more rigorously designed 1-year prophylactic study, to be completed over a 3-4 year funding period. In the proposed 2-site primary study, 120 outpatients with bipolar disorder, type I, will be randomly assigned to receive addon treatment with 03FA or placebo, for one year. The primary goal of this study is to assess the prophylactic effects of 03FA in a cohort of bipolar patients with a relatively high risk of recurrence. In contrast to the pilot study, the proposed trial will tightly control the baseline clinical state and concurrent pharmacotherapy of the subjects to provide a more homogeneous bipolar population. This will be accomplished through a lead-in and stabilization phase where patients will be gradually shifted to receive a standardized regimen (lithium or divalproex). Only subjects who are euthymic or subsyndromal at the end of the lead-in period will be eligible for the 1-year prophylactic study. The following biological markers will be examined as measures of compliance with the study protocol and/or as possible predictors of response to 03FA: 1. Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid content. 2. The niacin skin patch test (a possible marker of in vivo omega-3 fatty acid activity). 3. Preliminary development of methods to noninvasively measure the 03FA content in brain using C13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. If 03FA are indeed effective mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, this project would provide additional evidence of aberrant signal transduction mechanisms in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, and may herald the advent of a new class of rationally designed mood stabilizing drugs. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: PHARMACOTHERAPY OF HIGH-RISK BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Oquendo, Maria A. Associate Clinical Professor; New York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Dr New York, Ny 10032 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-SEP-2000; Project End 0-JUN-2005 Summary: (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): This R01 application, based at New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYPSI) requests five years of support for a prospective, parallel group, double blind, random assignment treatment study of high-risk (previous suicide attempters) patients with Bipolar Disorder, who are in a mixed or depressed phase. This study will compare the effects of acute and maintenance treatment with lithium and valproate in the prevention of suicidal behavior in these subjects. Subjects (N=280) will be well characterized in terms of Axis I and II diagnosis, psychopathology (measures of suicidal behavior including ideation and acts) and aggression and impulsivity. This study will have three distinct phases: an acute stabilization phase, a treatment continuation phase and a treatment maintenance phase. Upon study entry, subjects will be randomized to lithium or valproate. Depressed patients will be stabilized using paroxetine (or two other alternative antidepressants) and patients with psychosis or in a mixed state will receive olanzapine (or two other antipsychotics). Up to six months will be devoted to an acute stabilization phase. In the continuation phase subjects will be maintained on lithium or valproate and an antidepressant or antipsychotic for up to 6 months. The acute phase ends when patients have achieved at least two weeks of euthymia. During the 18 months maintenance phase, most subjects
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will be maintained on mood stabilizer alone. They have operationalized rescue procedures that will be available for patients with a recurrence of an episode. Over the course of the study, patients will be assessed for changes in psychopathology, mood symptoms, suicidal behavior, aggressive behavior and substance abuse. They predict that subjects on lithium will have less suicidal behavior, including completion, attempt or hospitalization for suicidal ideation than subjects on valproate and that this effect will be independent of mood stabilization. The project will test the following hypotheses: (1) Lithium treatment will be superior to valproate in the prevention of suicidal behavior (suicidal acts or episodes of suicidal ideation with a plan that would require a change in treatment such as addition of a rescue medication or hospitalization). (2) The two treatment groups will not differ in terms of the total number of episodes of, or total duration in, a major depression or mixed mood states requiring commencement of a rescue medication over 18 months of the maintenance phase. (3) Lithium treatment will be superior to valproate in decreasing aggression. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: PHENOMENOLOGY AND COURSE OF PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR DISORDERS Principal Investigator & Institution: Geller, Barbara; Professor of Psychiatry; Psychiatry; Washington University Lindell and Skinker Blvd St. Louis, Mo 63130 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-JAN-1995; Project End 5-MAY-2002 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: PKC SIGNALING AND THE TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Kuhn, Donald M. Professor; Psychiatry & Behav Neuroscis; Wayne State University 656 W. Kirby Detroit, Mi 48202 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-JUL-1998; Project End 0-JUN-2003 Summary: (Adapted from applicant's abstract): BD, manic-depressive illness is a severe, chronic and disabling disorder with a life-time prevalence of 1.2 percent. The discovery of lithium's efficacy as a mood-stabilizing agent revolutionized the treatment of patients with BD, but, despite its role as one of psychiatry's most important treatments the biochemical basis for lithium's antimanic and mood-stabilizing actions remains to be fully elucidated. Elucidation of the mechanism(s) by which lithium stabilizes an underlying dysregulation of limbic and limbic-associated function also offers the potential to delineate the underlying etiology/pathophysiology of BD. A major problem inherent in neuropharmacologic research, however, is the difficulty in attributing therapeutic relevance to any observed biochemical finding. One potential approach to ascribe therapeutic relevance to any biochemical findings is to identify common biochemical targets which are modified by drugs belonging to the same therapeutic class but possessing distinct chemical structures (e.g., lithium and valproic acid (VPA)). A large body of data has shown that lithium exerts major effects on the PKC signaling pathway. Most of the data, however, has been derived from preclinical rodent studies, thereby precluding an adequate understanding of the therapeutic relevance of these biochemical findings. These studies indicate two important and highly clinically relevant directions for future research: first, it is important to determine if similar modulation of the PKC signaling pathway is also brought about by other pharmacological agents with proven efficacy in the treatment of BD such as VPA; and second, it is critical to ultimately elucidate the relationship between these biochemical
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changes and clinical response, which may lead to the identification of biochemical and/or genetic predictors of outcome. Thus, in this proposal, the investigator's specific aims are to: 1) Characterize the effects of VPA on the PKC signaling pathway in the brain. In order to ascribe potential therapeutic relevance to the biochemical findings, they will be investigated in parallel with lithium: a) in specific brain regions, and b) in a clinically meaningful temporal profile, namely acutely, chronically, following medication withdrawal, and medication re-administration. 2) Determine the relationship between the lithium or VPA-induced changes in the PKC signaling system in rat brain and in rat peripheral cells; ultimately the investigator wishes to determine the relationship between treatment-induced changes in the PKC signaling system and treatment response in BD patients. The demonstration of a relationship between the changes in the CNS and the periphery in rodents will allow for a subsequent investigation in BD patients. This is imperative because, in order to establish therapeutic relevance for any biochemical findings, it is necessary to demonstrate: a) that these biochemical effects do, in fact, occur in patients administered the pharmacological agents in a clinically relevant paradigm; and b) that there is a relationship between the biochemical changes and treatment response. Ultimately, elucidating the mechanisms by which lithium and VPA stabilize mood should improve the prospects for the development of more effective long-term treatments, and for the identification of biochemical predictors of treatment response. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: POPULATION BASED MANAGEMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Simon, Gregory G. Associate Clinical Investigator; Center for Health Studies 1730 Minor Ave, Ste 1600 Seattle, Wa 98101 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-APR-1999; Project End 8-FEB-2003 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: PROSPECTIVE PREDICTORS OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS Principal Investigator & Institution: Sanchez, Laura; Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania 3451 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa 19104 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 9-SEP-1999; Project End 1-AUG-2004 Summary: (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract): This Mentored Scientist Development Award for New Minority Faculty (MSDA/NMF) outlines a program of research to study neurodevelopmental factors in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BP). The candidate, Dr. Laura E. Sanchez, is an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry who is board certified in both Adult and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and has completed an NIMH sponsored fellowship in child psychopharmacology. The University of Pennsylvania and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia are well known for excellence in academic training and research in Psychiatry, Development, and Neuroscience. Dr. Tyrone Cannon, an established developmental psychologist with expertise in combining epidemiologic and high risk designs with neuroimaging techniques in the study of schizophrenia, will serve as Mentor. Dr. Cannon is an Associate Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry and P.I. of the Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Core of the Mental Health Clinical Research Center on Regional Brain Function in Schizophrenia at the University of Pennsylvania. The two studies proposed in this application attempt to begin to test a neurodevelopmental model for BP. The first study takes an epidemiologic approach and examines the contributions of prospectively-assessed prenatal and
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perinatal complications and indices of neuropsychological deviance during early childhood to the prediction of adult BP I disorder in a birth cohort studied as part of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP). The second study employs modern neuroimaging techniques in a follow-up study of sibling-pairs discordant for BP I who participated in the NCPP as infants and children; it examines the contributions of prospectively-assessed obstetric complications (OCs) to the prediction of neurocognitive and structural deficits in adult patients with BP I disorder. The academic plan focuses on broadening the candidate's knowledge base with regard to research design, data analysis of longitudinal data sets, neuroimaging and developmental neurobiology. Both the academic and research plans are designed to facilitate the transition of the candidate to independent investigator. The candidate's long term goal is to conduct interdisciplinary research aimed at examining the role that developmental dysfunction in fronto-subcortical neural networks mediating emotional processes may play in the pathogenesis of affective illness and the genetic and non-genetic processes that might contribute to such disturbances. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: PROTON MRSI STUDIES OF BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Renshaw, Perry F. Director; Mc Lean Hospital (Belmont, Ma) Belmont, Ma 02478 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-SEP-1999; Project End 1-MAY-2003 Summary: (Verbatim from the Applicant's Abstract) This revised application requests three years of funding to support a research program which employs proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to evaluate subjects with Bipolar I Disorder and healthy comparison subjects. In pilot studies of individuals with bipolar disorder, we have used 1H MRSI to evaluate brain cytosolic choline levels and, more recently, myo-inositol levels. Both choline and myo-inositol play critical roles in second messenger signaling cascades and recent reviews have suggested that mood stabilizes may demonstrate their clinical effects by altering signal transduction pathways within the brain. Studies will be conducted at two sites, the McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center in Belmont, MA, and the University of Washington in Seattle, WA. Over the course of this project, a total of 72 subjects with bipolar disorder and 42 comparison subjects will be enrolled and complete repeated MRSI studies. Identical clinical assessments and MRSI protocols will be employed at both sites. Bipolar subjects will be placed on standardized formulations of lithium or valproic acid and will be followed clinically at two week intervals for the ten week duration of the study. By evaluating subjects who are receiving two alternative treatments, we will be able to assess both the shared and unique effects of these pharmacologically effective medications on brain chemistry and the relationship of these effects on mood. Patients with bipolar disorder will be scanned on three occasions at weeks 2,6, and 10 of this study. Mood at time of each scan will be assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. A priori regions of interest for this study will include the bilateral caudate nuclei and the anterior cingulate cortex, as pilot studies suggest that these brain regions demonstrate mood state, medication, and diagnosis dependent alteration in choline and myo-inositol resonance intensities. MRSI data from bipolar subjects will be compared to similar data from 42 healthy comparison subjects. We believe that abnormalities in brain choline and myo-inositol metabolism may, in part, mediate the pathophysiology of abnormal mood in bipolar disorder and that the therapeutic efficacy of lithium may derive from an inhibition of choline transport and/or from changes in myo-inoitol and choline metabolism within the brain. The
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results of these studies may provide important new insights into the neurochemical alterations which mediate the symptoms of bipolar disorder as well as information relevant to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Axelson, David A. Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 350 Thackeray Hall Pittsburgh, Pa 15260 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-MAY-2000; Project End 0-APR-2005 Summary: The career development activities and research plan outlined in this Research Career Development Award (RCA) are designed to provide the means for the candidate to translate relevant aspects of neurobiology and independently formulate and implement psychopharmacologic treatment trials in pediatric bipolar disorder (BP). Pediatric BP is a devastating illness that can result in permanent disruption of a child's normal development, emotional suffering, aggression and suicide. Pharmacotherapy has been the cornerstone of the management and treatment of pediatric BP. However, there is very little controlled research addressing medication treatment of children and adolescents with BP. In addition, treatment research in child psychiatry has generally not addressed developmental differences in neurobiology or pharmacology, nor attempted to identify biological factors that may be predictors or mediators of treatment response. The proposed study will be the first dose-ranging study of a medication for depression in pediatric BP. It will explore the relationship between platelet 5-HT reuptake blockade and treatment response, as well as examine potential predictors of treatment response. The candidate is certified in child and adolescent psychiatry, and is completing the second year of an NIMH-sponsored post-doctoral research fellowship. Dr. James Perel, Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Director of the Clinical Pharmacology Program at the University of Pittsburgh's Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC) will serve as Sponsor. The coursework and directed readings in advanced topics of psychopharmacology, clinical trial design, developmental neurobiology and pharmacology, emotional regulation and circadian rhythm, will prepare the candidate to perform biologically-informed treatment research in pediatric BP. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: RELAPSE OF BIPOLAR DISORDER DURING PREGNANCY Principal Investigator & Institution: Viguera, Adele C.; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 8-SEP-1999; Project End 1-AUG-2004 Summary: This Mentored Patient-Oriented RCDA is a resubmission, designed to enhance clinical training and research expertise in the area of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The research aim of this proposal includes a study to evaluate risk for recurrence among pregnant bipolar women. Following-up preliminary findings, morbid risk will be compared quantitatively in women who continue or discontinue mood-stabilizers; recurrence of a first new episode of DSM-IV mania or bipolar depression and its timing from initial assessment are primary outcome measures. Secondary considerations include analyses of associated clinical (demographic, social, prior morbidity) and pharmacological (drug-type, duration of use, mean dose and serum concentration, and rate of discontinuation) predictors of recurrence, as well as the neonatal outcome of infants born to the subjects.
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The design involves open and clinical, but prospective, single blind, longitudinal followup of parallel groups of women with DSM-IV bipolar disorders who become pregnant and continue vs. discontinue mood-stabilizing medications. The proposal also includes a rich training component. Close supervision is provided by Massachusetts General Hospital co-mentors Lee S. Cohen, M.D. and Ross J. Baldessarini, M.D., with frequent consultation with local and national experts in mood disorders and psychopharmacology research, perinatal psychiatry, obstetrics, reproductive endocrinology, teratology, research ethics, and formal coursework in statistics and research design aimed at satisfying requirements for the MPH degree at Harvard School of Public Health. The awardee is thus assured a critical fund of basic knowledge and practical research experience with clinical, qualitative and quantitative methods required for her research career in women's mental health in pregnancy and the postpartum period--a remarkably underdeveloped area of major clinical and public health significance. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: RESEARCH TRAINING IN JUVENILE BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Davanzo, Pablo A. Assistant Professor; None; University of California Los Angeles 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, Ca 90024 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-SEP-1998; Project End 1-AUG-2003 Summary: (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The proposed Mentored Scientist Development Award For New Minority Faculty outlines a program of career development and research in psychopharmacology and neuroimaging of juveniles with bipolar disorder. A focus of this program will be a clinical trial with a mood-stabilizer (divalproex sodium) in a group of children and adolescents diagnosed with bipolar illness. The correlation of treatment outcome with brain glutamate, y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and choline as measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) will be attempted to identify biological predictor factors of treatment response. The candidate hypothesizes that there will be a significant correlation between an increase in cerebral GABA as measured by integrated areas under the curve and a decrease in symptom response to divalproex sodium as measured by the Young/Fristad Mania Rating Scale (MRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) rating scale. Implications of this award may be the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a mood stabilizer in prepubertal and adolescent mania, and the broadening of our clinical knowledge and biological correlates of this disorder in juveniles. The candidate has received preliminary training in clinical pharmacology and brain imaging. The research plan is designed to enable the candidate to develop greater expertise in the development of clinical pediatric psychopharmacology trials and neuroimaging applied to clinical psychiatry. The five-year career development plan includes didactic instruction in pharmacokinetics and clinical research at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, and brain imaging at The Division of Brain Mapping of the UCLA School of Medicine. The proposed training would include courses in biostatistics, computer science, ethics, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, pharmacokinetics, statistical analysis, and a modified fellowship curriculum in brain mapping. The program provides the opportunities to learn conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques applicable to the candidate's specific area of clinical interest (i.e., mood disorders). In addition to furthering the candidate's transition to independent research, the proposed study would also contribute to our
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knowledge of pharmacological treatment and possible neurobiological markers of juvenile bipolar disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: SPECT IMAGING OF DOPAMINE FUNCTION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Anand, Amit;; Yale University 47 College Street, Suite 203 New Haven, Ct 065208047 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The study of amphetamne (AMPH) induced dopamine (DA) release in bipolar disorder will explore abnormalities in presynaptic dopamine release mechanisms as well as study post-synaptic DA receptors. The general aim of this study is to evaluate potential neurochemical correlates of AMPH challenge inpatients with bipolar disorder currently stable on the mood stabilizer--lithium. Patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls matched for age, sex and ethnic origin will undergo one SPECT experiment with the D2 tracer [123I]IBZM. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: STUDIES OF GENOMIC IMPRINTING IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Potash, James B. Psychiatry and Behavioral Scis; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-FEB-2001; Project End 1-JAN-2006 Summary: (Adapted from applicant's abstract) This mentored clinician-scientist award (K08) proposal is a five-year plan to enable the candidate to develop into an independent investigator in the genetics of bipolar disorder. As a fully trained psychiatrist with sub-specialty experience in affective disorder, the candidate has an excellent grasp of the phenotype. This proposal provides for extensive development of his skills in molecular genetic methods. There will also be opportunities to learn statistical genetic methods. This will be accomplished through formal course work, extensive mentorship in a collaborative research environment, and implementation of a study that will be the first step toward a larger body of research aimed at investigating the genetics of bipolar disorder. Mentorship will be provided by Dr. J. Raymond DePaulo, Jr., the director of the affective disorders genetics research group at Johns Hopkins, and by Dr. Andrew Feinberg, an expert on genomic imprinting at the Johns Hopkins Center for Medical Genetics. Dr. Terri Beaty, director of genetic epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health will provide valuable consultation in statistical genetics methods. The training program will be enhanced by a research plan based on the hypothesis that the parent-of-origin-specific expression of imprinted genes modifies susceptibility to bipolar disorder. This hypothesis derives from clinical evidence for a parent-of-origin effect in transmission of the disorder, from linkage evidence for a parent-of-origin effect on chromosome 18, and from linkage evidence for a parent-of-origin effect in other areas of the genome. The candidate intends to take advantage of two valuable existing bipolar disorder family data sets collected under the direction of Dr. DePaulo as well as a third currently being ascertained. The specific aims are as follows: 1) to identify transcribed single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes from a candidate region for bipolar disorder on chromosome 1 8q; 2) to search for imprinted bipolar disorder susceptibility genes on chromosome 18 by testing for monoallelic expression of mRNA; and 3) to perform parental-allele-specific genetic analysis of other chromosomal regions.
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Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN JUVENILE BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Wilens, Timothy E. Associate Professor; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 0-JAN-2000; Project End 1-DEC-2004 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: TARGETING DISABILITIES FOR REHAB IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Jaeger, Judith; Director & Associate Professor; Long Island Jewish Medical Center 270-05 76Th Ave New Hyde Park, Ny 11040 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-MAR-2001; Project End 8-FEB-2006 Summary: (Applicant's abstract): Bipolar disorder (BPD), a lifelong condition affecting almost 2 million Americans, is the sixth leading cause of disability among all medical conditions in established market economies. The illness is characterized by a chronic course of recurring cycles of affective disorder (e.g., mania or depression) and remission. Despite the magnitude of its affliction and its disability toll, there has been little or no systematic research on the causes of the disability in life functioning (LF) in BPD. Disability in LF is found to persist even during periods of system remission and should not be considered simply the result of clinical psychopathology. Neuropsychological (NP) deficits have been observed in BPD. The NP deficits, like disability in BPD, have also been shown to persist during remission. While the relation between NP deficits and disability in schizophrenia receives considerable research attention, such studies for BPD have not been reported to the best of our knowledge. We propose a longitudinal investigation of the relationship between NP deficits and LF in BPD. We hypothesize that NP deficits are associated with persistent disability. Our goal is to study the nature of these relationships thereby informing the development of more effective interventions targeted to disability in BPD. A sample of 210 patients will be followed monthly, starting with an acute illness exacerbation, for a period of 2 years. Subjects will undergo repeated assessments for NP and LF measures and clinical state. Comprehensive assessments including an NP battery are administered at 3 "fixed" time points (baseline, 1 month and 1 year) and at up to 2 additional time points "triggered" by a remission following the index episode and a remission following a second illness episode should a second episode occur during the follow-up period. Monthly assessments will monitor clinical state, LF and services used throughout the follow-up period. The principal aim is to determine whether and to what degree measures of NP deficit and clinical symptom ratings are associated with disability in LF over the course of a 24 month period. Secondary aims are 1) to compare these relationships in BPD with those observed in a cohort of individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder presently being studied in another R01 funded project and 2) to acquire descriptive information of actual service use patterns in BPD patients recovering from a severe relapse of affective symptoms. More effective rehabilitation and support services are needed to reduce disability in BPD. But first we need a better understanding of the causes of disability and the services currently being provided. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Associate Professor; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center E/Es-214 Boston, Ma 02215 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: TREATMENT AND OUTCOME OF EARLY ONSET BIPOLAR DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Kafantaris, Vivian; Assistant Professor; Long Island Jewish Medical Center 270-05 76Th Ave New Hyde Park, Ny 11040 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-MAR-2001; Project End 8-FEB-2006 Summary: (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Onset of bipolar disorder during adolescence increases the risk of school failure, out-of-home placement, drug abuse and addiction, and suicide. In adolescents, bipolar disorder is often accompanied by delusions, hallucinations, or severe assaultive or destructive behaviors that require acute treatment with adjunctive antipsychotic medication in addition to a mood stabilizer. There are no data on when to withdraw antipsychotic medication or whether to withdraw it at all. Although it is important to identify patients who could be maintained on lithium alone to decrease the risk of developing long-term adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia (TD), it is also important to prevent disruptive recurrences of episodes of illness. There is a high rate of failure on lithium maintenance treatment in general. For adolescents who have had psychotic features or assaultive, destructive behavior as part of their mania, continued adjunctive antipsychotic medication may offer additional prophylactic efficacy. In addition, a lower risk of TD with the novel antipsychotics may alter the risk: benefit ratio in favor of longer-term antipsychotic treatment. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: VALIDATING PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR DISORDER WITH EXTANT DATA Principal Investigator & Institution: Mick, Eric;; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 1-DEC-2002; Project End 0-NOV-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): This is a request for an NIMH Scientist Development Award (K01) to provide training and research experience in a broad range of approaches aimed at studying pediatric bipolar disorder. The candidate's goal is to foster his development as an independent investigator and to apply the knowledge acquired during this training to ongoing research. The candidate is proposing a comprehensive, systematic, portfolio of research designed to examine the validity and heterogeneity of pediatric bipolar disorder using data from several large existing crosssectional and longitudinal clinical research databases. The studies that created these data sets have comprehensively assessed youth, and their first degree relatives on multiple, nonoverlapping domains of functioning. The overarching aim of the proposed research is to determine whether pediatric onset bipolar disorder is a valid entity and if so, what are the core features of the disorder and its boundaries from other disorders. This aim will be carried out with psychometric analyses that will identify the particular
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symptoms of bipolar disorder that are most efficient in making the diagnosis in children. Latent class analyses will be conducted to identify subforms of bipolar disorder based upon symptom course and expression that are not biased by diagnostic preconceptions. Once defined, the validity of these subtypes will be tested in examinations of their clinical correlates, course and stability, familiality, and differentiation from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. To further characterize the putative subtypes of bipolar disorder, the candidate will conduct path analyses of the onset of psychiatric comorbidity in order to identify different trajectories that may lead to the disorder in children. Consistent with research of the etiology of other childhood psychopathology, the candidate proposes to study the family environment, the climate surrounding early development, the in utero environment, and individual behavioral traits as potential risk factors for pediatric bipolar disorder. The candidate has selected mentors and consultants who will provide him with the opportunity to augment the skills obtained during his training in epidemiology with new statistical and data analytic methods needed to carry out the specific aims of the proposed research. This systematic approach of research and training may lead to advances in early intervention and prevention of pediatric bipolar disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “bipolar disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for bipolar disorder in the PubMed Central database: •
A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees. by McInnes LA, Escamilla M, Service S, Reus V, Leon P, Silva S, Rojas E, Spesny M, Baharloo S, Blankenship K, Peterson A, Tyler D, Shimayoshi N, Tobey C, Batki S, Vinogradov S, Meza L, Gallegos A, Fournier E, Smith L, Barondes S, Sandkuijl L, Freimer NB. 1996 Nov 12; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=24046
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A genome survey indicates a possible susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder on chromosome 22. by Kelsoe JR, Spence MA, Loetscher E, Foguet M, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Flodman P, Khristich J, Mroczkowski-Parker Z, Brown JL, Masser D, Ungerleider S, Rapaport MH, Wishart WL, Luebbert H. 2001 Jan 16; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=14631
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Circadian secretion of cortisol in bipolar disorder. by Cervantes P, Gelber S, Kin F, Nair VN, Schwartz G. 2001 Nov; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=167199
Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html. With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 3 4
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Lithium side-effects and predictors of hypothyroidism in patients with bipolar disorder: sex differences. by Henry C. 2002 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=161639
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Mutation screening of two candidate genes from 13q32 in families affected with Bipolar disorder: human peptide transporter (SLC15A1) and human glypican5 (GPC5). by Maheshwari M, Christian SL, Liu C, Badner JA, Detera-Wadleigh S, Gershon ES, Gibbs RA. 2002; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=140024
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Nutritional supplement to treat bipolar disorder? by Basky G. 2001 Jan 9; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=80648
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Olanzapine-induced mania in bipolar disorders. by Henry C, Demotes-Mainard J. 2002 May; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=161651
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Randomised controlled trial of efficacy of teaching patients with bipolar disorder to identify early symptoms of relapse and obtain treatment. by Perry A, Tarrier N, Morriss R, McCarthy E, Limb K. 1999 Jan 16; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=27688
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Seasonal changes, sleep length and circadian preference among twins with bipolar disorder. by Hakkarainen R, Johansson C, Kieseppa T, Partonen T, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Lonnqvist J. 2003; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=165438
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The Mood Disorder Questionnaire improves recognition of bipolar disorder in psychiatric care. by Isometsa E, Suominen K, Mantere O, Valtonen H, Leppamaki S, Pippingskold M, Arvilommi P. 2003; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=169168
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Viruses, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.. by Yolken RH, Torrey EF. 1995 Jan; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=172852
The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals.
PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.
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To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with bipolar disorder, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “bipolar disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for bipolar disorder (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •
“ Perspecives on lithium treatment of bipolar disorder” - by Mogens Schou: a commentary. Author(s): Johnson G. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 September; 1(1): 13-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256649&dopt=Abstract
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“A two-illness model of bipolar disorder”--by RT Joffe, LT Young, and GM MacQueen: a commentary. Author(s): Bowden CL. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 September; 1(1): 31-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256653&dopt=Abstract
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12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode. Author(s): Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM, West SA, Sax KW, Hawkins JM, Bourne ML, Haggard P. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 May; 155(5): 646-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9585716&dopt=Abstract
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15-year outcome of treated bipolar disorder. Author(s): Tsai SM, Chen C, Kuo C, Lee J, Lee H, Strakowski SM. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 March; 63(1-3): 215-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11246098&dopt=Abstract
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5-HT2A receptor gene promoter polymorphism -1438A/G and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Chee IS, Lee SW, Kim JL, Wang SK, Shin YO, Shin SC, Lee YH, Hwang HM, Lim MR. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2001 September; 11(3): 111-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11702051&dopt=Abstract
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5-HT2a receptor polymorphism gene in bipolar disorder and harm avoidance personality trait. Author(s): Blairy S, Massat I, Staner L, Le Bon O, Van Gestel S, Van Broeckhoven C, Hilger C, Hentges F, Souery D, Mendlewicz J. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 June 12; 96(3): 360-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10898915&dopt=Abstract
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A 25-year-old woman with bipolar disorder, 1 year later. Author(s): Parker RA, Hartman EE. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001 November 28; 286(20): 2594. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11722274&dopt=Abstract
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A 25-year-old woman with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sachs GS. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001 January 24-31; 285(4): 454-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11242431&dopt=Abstract
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A brief history of childhood-onset bipolar disorder through 1980. Author(s): Glovinsky I. Source: Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2002 July; 11(3): 443-60, Vii. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12222077&dopt=Abstract
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A case of bipolar disorder with balanced chromosomal translocation. Author(s): Kunugi H, Nanko S, Kazamatsuri H. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1995 July 15; 38(2): 116-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7578643&dopt=Abstract
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A case of subcortical grey matter heterotopia presenting as bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bourgeois JA, Nisenbaum J, Drexler KG, Dobbins KM, Hall MJ. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1992 November-December; 33(6): 407-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1451454&dopt=Abstract
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A chromosome 18 genetic linkage study in three large Belgian pedigrees with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Claes S, Raeymaekers P, Van den Broeck M, Diependaele S, De bruyn A, Verheyen G, Wils V, Boogaerts A, Tanghe A, Godderis J, Van Broeckhoven C, Cassiman JJ. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 May; 43(3): 195-205. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9186790&dopt=Abstract
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A comparative study of elderly patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in nursing homes and the community. Author(s): Bartels SJ, Mueser KT, Miles KM. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1997 October 30; 27(2-3): 181-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9416647&dopt=Abstract
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A comparison of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of divalproex sodium and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zajecka JM, Weisler R, Sachs G, Swann AC, Wozniak P, Sommerville KW. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 December; 63(12): 1148-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12523875&dopt=Abstract
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A comparison of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire dimensions in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Author(s): Young LT, Bagby RM, Cooke RG, Parker JD, Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1995 September 29; 58(2): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8570765&dopt=Abstract
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A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees. Author(s): McInnes LA, Escamilla MA, Service SK, Reus VI, Leon P, Silva S, Rojas E, Spesny M, Baharloo S, Blankenship K, Peterson A, Tyler D, Shimayoshi N, Tobey C, Batki S, Vinogradov S, Meza L, Gallegos A, Fournier E, Smith LB, Barondes SH, Sandkuijl LA, Freimer NB. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13060-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8917544&dopt=Abstract
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A consumer perspective concerning the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Lewis L. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 442-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018217&dopt=Abstract
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prophylaxis study of lamotrigine in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Lamictal 614 Study Group. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Suppes T, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, Swann AC, McElroy SL, Kusumakar V, Ascher JA, Earl NL, Greene PL, Monaghan ET. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000 November; 61(11): 841-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11105737&dopt=Abstract
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A family history study of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Lish JD, Gyulai L, Resnick SM, Kirtland A, Amsterdam JD, Whybrow PC, Price RA. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1993 July; 48(1): 37-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8416017&dopt=Abstract
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A family study of psychotic symptomatology in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, unipolar depression, and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Winokur G, Scharfetter C, Angst J. Source: Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1985; 234(5): 295-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3987737&dopt=Abstract
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A follow-up investigation of offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zahn-Waxler C, Mayfield A, Radke-Yarrow M, McKnew DH, Cytryn L, Davenport YB. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1988 April; 145(4): 506-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3348454&dopt=Abstract
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A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of bipolar disorder: state- and traitrelated dysfunction in ventral prefrontal cortices. Author(s): Blumberg HP, Leung HC, Skudlarski P, Lacadie CM, Fredericks CA, Harris BC, Charney DS, Gore JC, Krystal JH, Peterson BS. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2003 June; 60(6): 601-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12796223&dopt=Abstract
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A genetic linkage study of bipolar disorder and 13 markers on chromosome 11 including the D2 dopamine receptor. Author(s): Kelsoe JR, Kristbjanarson H, Bergesch P, Shilling P, Hirsch S, Mirow A, Moises HW, Helgason T, Gillin JC, Egeland JA. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993 December; 9(4): 293-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7905737&dopt=Abstract
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A genome survey indicates a possible susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder on chromosome 22. Author(s): Kelsoe JR, Spence MA, Loetscher E, Foguet M, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Flodman P, Khristich J, Mroczkowski-Parker Z, Brown JL, Masser D, Ungerleider S, Rapaport MH, Wishart WL, Luebbert H. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001 January 16; 98(2): 585-90. Epub 2001 Jan 09. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11149935&dopt=Abstract
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A genome-wide scan shows significant linkage between bipolar disorder and chromosome 12q24.3 and suggestive linkage to chromosomes 1p22-21, 4p16, 6q14-22, 10q26 and 16p13.3. Author(s): Ewald H, Flint T, Kruse TA, Mors O. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(7): 734-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12192618&dopt=Abstract
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A haloperidol-carbamazepine interaction in a patient with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yerevanian BI, Hodgman CH. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985 June; 142(6): 785-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4003613&dopt=Abstract
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A history of substance abuse complicates remission from acute mania in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goldberg JF, Garno JL, Leon AC, Kocsis JH, Portera L. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1999 November; 60(11): 733-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10584760&dopt=Abstract
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A homeless person with bipolar disorder and a history of serious self-mutilation. Author(s): Green CA, Knysz W 3rd, Tsuang MT. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 September; 157(9): 1392-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10964852&dopt=Abstract
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A human myo-inositol monophosphatase gene (IMPA2) localized in a putative susceptibility region for bipolar disorder on chromosome 18p11.2: genomic structure and polymorphism screening in manic-depressive patients. Author(s): Sjoholt G, Gulbrandsen AK, Lovlie R, Berle JO, Molven A, Steen VM. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 March; 5(2): 172-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10822345&dopt=Abstract
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A linkage disequilibrium study of bipolar disorder and microsatellite markers on 22q13. Author(s): Liang SG, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Keck PE, McElroy SL, Kelsoe JR. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2002 December; 12(4): 231-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12454528&dopt=Abstract
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A linkage study between bipolar disorder and genes involved in dopaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Author(s): De bruyn A, Souery D, Mendelbaum K, Mendlewicz J, Van Broeckhoven C. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1996 Summer; 6(2): 67-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8840392&dopt=Abstract
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A linkage study of distal chromosome 5q and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mirow AL, Kristbjanarson H, Egeland JA, Shilling P, Helgason T, Gillin JC, Hirsch S, Kelsoe JR. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1994 August 15; 36(4): 223-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7986886&dopt=Abstract
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A lithium and carbamazepine combination in the treatment of bipolar disorder--a preliminary report. Author(s): Inoue K, Arima S, Tanaka K, Fukui Y, Kato N. Source: Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn. 1981; 35(4): 465-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6806160&dopt=Abstract
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A magnetic resonance imaging study of thalamic area in adolescent patients with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as compared to healthy controls. Author(s): Dasari M, Friedman L, Jesberger J, Stuve TA, Findling RL, Swales TP, Schulz SC. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1999 October 11; 91(3): 155-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10641579&dopt=Abstract
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A measure for assessing patient perception of provider support for self-management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ludman EJ, Simon GE, Rutter CM, Bauer MS, Unutzer J. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 August; 4(4): 249-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12190714&dopt=Abstract
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A meta-analysis of the use of typical antipsychotic agents in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Tohen M, Zhang F, Taylor CC, Burns P, Zarate C, Sanger T, Tollefson G. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 June; 65(1): 85-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426515&dopt=Abstract
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A naturalistic comparison of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Guille C, Sachs GS, Ghaemi SN. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000 September; 61(9): 638-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11030483&dopt=Abstract
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A new statistical test for age-of-onset anticipation: application to bipolar disorder. Author(s): Huang J, Vieland V. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 1091-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433629&dopt=Abstract
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A new test statistic for linkage applied to bipolar disorder and marker D18S41. Author(s): Cleves MA, Dawson DV, Elston RC, Schnell AH. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 581-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433546&dopt=Abstract
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A nongenetic basis of cycle frequency in bipolar disorder: study of a monozygotic twin pair. Author(s): Sharma V, Ainsworth PJ, McCabe SB, Persad E, Kueneman KM. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 1997 March; 22(2): 132-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9074308&dopt=Abstract
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A novel CpG-associated brain-expressed candidate gene for chromosome 18q-linked bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goossens D, Van Gestel S, Claes S, De Rijk P, Souery D, Massat I, Van den Bossche D, Backhovens H, Mendlewicz J, Van Broeckhoven C, Del-Favero J. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2003 January; 8(1): 83-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12556911&dopt=Abstract
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A novel human myo-inositol monophosphatase gene, IMP.18p, maps to a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yoshikawa T, Turner G, Esterling LE, Sanders AR, Detera-Wadleigh SD. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1997 September; 2(5): 393-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9322233&dopt=Abstract
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A pilot study of cognitive therapy in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Scott J, Garland A, Moorhead S. Source: Psychological Medicine. 2001 April; 31(3): 459-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11305854&dopt=Abstract
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A pilot study of concordance therapy for individuals with bipolar disorders who are non-adherent with lithium prophylaxis. Author(s): Scott J, Tacchi MJ. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 December; 4(6): 386-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12519098&dopt=Abstract
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A pilot trial of adjunctive gabapentin in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): McElroy SL, Soutullo CA, Keck PE Jr, Kmetz GF. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1997 June; 9(2): 99-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9242896&dopt=Abstract
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A plea for integrity of the bipolar disorder concept. Author(s): Baldessarini RJ. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 March; 2(1): 3-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11254017&dopt=Abstract
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A polymorphism of the norepinephrine transporter gene in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: lack of association. Author(s): Leszczynska-Rodziewicz A, Czerski PM, Kapelski P, Godlewski S, DmitrzakWeglarz M, Rybakowski J, Hauser J. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2002; 45(4): 182-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12097806&dopt=Abstract
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A population-based cohort study of premorbid intellectual, language, and behavioral functioning in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder. Author(s): Reichenberg A, Weiser M, Rabinowitz J, Caspi A, Schmeidler J, Mark M, Kaplan Z, Davidson M. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 December; 159(12): 2027-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12450952&dopt=Abstract
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A preliminary meta-analysis of the child behavior checklist in pediatric bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mick E, Biederman J, Pandina G, Faraone SV. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 1021-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788247&dopt=Abstract
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A preliminary study of the relation of neuropsychological performance to neuroanatomic structures in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ali SO, Denicoff KD, Altshuler LL, Hauser P, Li X, Conrad AJ, Mirsky AF, Smith-Jackson EE, Post RM. Source: Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology. 2000 January; 13(1): 20-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10645733&dopt=Abstract
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A preliminary study on early onset schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: large polyglutamine expansions are not involved. Author(s): Schurhoff F, Stevanin G, Trottier Y, Bellivier F, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Brice A, Leboyer M. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1997 September 19; 72(2): 141-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9335205&dopt=Abstract
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A prospective open-label treatment trial of olanzapine monotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frazier JA, Biederman J, Tohen M, Feldman PD, Jacobs TG, Toma V, Rater MA, Tarazi RA, Kim GS, Garfield SB, Sohma M, Gonzalez-Heydrich J, Risser RC, Nowlin ZM. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2001 Fall; 11(3): 239-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11642474&dopt=Abstract
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A prospective study of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents from India. Author(s): Srinath S, Janardhan Reddy YC, Girimaji SR, Seshadri SP, Subbakrishna DK. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1998 December; 98(6): 437-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9879784&dopt=Abstract
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A prospective study of inter-episode consistency of manic and mixed subtypes of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cassidy F, Ahearn E, Carroll BJ. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 December; 67(1-3): 181-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11869766&dopt=Abstract
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A psychoanalytic view of the relationship between delusional depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Rockland LH. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985 March; 142(3): 396. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3970292&dopt=Abstract
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A psychosocial study of early-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Glassner B, Haldipur CV. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1985 July; 173(7): 387-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4009155&dopt=Abstract
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A quantitative immunohistochemical study of astrocytes in the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression: absence of significant astrocytosis. Author(s): Damadzic R, Bigelow LB, Krimer LS, Goldenson DA, Saunders RC, Kleinman JE, Herman MM. Source: Brain Research Bulletin. 2001 July 15; 55(5): 611-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11576757&dopt=Abstract
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A retrospective case-note study of bipolar disorder in old age. Author(s): Snowdon J. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1991 April; 158: 485-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2054563&dopt=Abstract
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A review of bipolar disorder among adults. Author(s): Hilty DM, Brady KT, Hales RE. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 1999 February; 50(2): 201-13. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10030478&dopt=Abstract
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A review of psychosocial outcome in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): MacQueen GM, Young LT, Joffe RT. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2001 March; 103(3): 163-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11240572&dopt=Abstract
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A review of the health-related quality of life literature in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Namjoshi MA, Buesching DP. Source: Quality of Life Research : an International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation. 2001; 10(2): 105-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11642680&dopt=Abstract
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A search for specific and common susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a linkage study in 13 target chromosomes. Author(s): Maziade M, Roy MA, Rouillard E, Bissonnette L, Fournier JP, Roy A, Garneau Y, Montgrain N, Potvin A, Cliche D, Dion C, Wallot H, Fournier A, Nicole L, Lavallee JC, Merette C. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2001 November; 6(6): 684-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11673797&dopt=Abstract
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A 'sticky' interhemispheric switch in bipolar disorder? Author(s): Pettigrew JD, Miller SM. Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 1998 November 22; 265(1411): 2141-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9872002&dopt=Abstract
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A study of chromosome 4p markers and dopamine D5 receptor gene in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Asherson P, Mant R, Williams N, Cardno A, Jones L, Murphy K, Collier DA, Nanko S, Craddock N, Morris S, Muir W, Blackwood B, McGuffin P, Owen MJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1998 July; 3(4): 310-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9702739&dopt=Abstract
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A systematic evaluation of linkage studies in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Turecki G, Rouleau GA, Mari JJ, Morgan K. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1996 May; 93(5): 317-26. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8792900&dopt=Abstract
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A two-illness model of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Joffe RT, Young LT, MacQueen GM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 September; 1(1): 25-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256651&dopt=Abstract
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A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study of monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Noga JT, Vladar K, Torrey EF. Source: Psychiatry Research. 2001 February 28; 106(1): 25-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11231097&dopt=Abstract
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Abnormal frontal lobe phosphorous metabolism in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Deicken RF, Fein G, Weiner MW. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 June; 152(6): 915-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7755123&dopt=Abstract
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Abnormal phosphatidylinositol (PI)-signalling in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Soares JC, Mallinger AG. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1996 March 15; 39(6): 461-4. Erratum In: 1996 July 1; 40(1): 78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8679795&dopt=Abstract
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Abnormalities in protein kinase C signaling and the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hahn CG, Friedman E. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 December; 1(2): 81-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252663&dopt=Abstract
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Abnormalities of cAMP-dependent endogenous phosphorylation in platelets from patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Perez J, Zanardi R, Mori S, Gasperini M, Smeraldi E, Racagni G. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 August; 152(8): 1204-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7625472&dopt=Abstract
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Abnormalities of cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling in platelets from untreated patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Perez J, Tardito D, Mori S, Racagni G, Smeraldi E, Zanardi R. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999 March; 56(3): 248-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10078502&dopt=Abstract
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Abrupt cessation of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder with the addition of low-dose Ltetraiodothyronine to lithium. Author(s): Bernstein L. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1992 December; 12(6): 443-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1474183&dopt=Abstract
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Academic and cognitive abilities in children of parents with bipolar disorder: a test of the nonverbal learning disability model. Author(s): McDonough-Ryan P, DelBello M, Shear PK, Ris DM, Soutullo C, Strakowski SM. Source: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2002 May; 24(3): 280-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11992210&dopt=Abstract
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Acute psychosis in a 45-year-old man with bipolar disorder and primary Epstein-Barr virus infection: a case report. Author(s): Klein RF, Betts R, Horn R, Sullivan JL. Source: General Hospital Psychiatry. 1984 January; 6(1): 13-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6693024&dopt=Abstract
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Acute treatment of bipolar disorder with adjunctive risperidone in outpatients. Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1997 March; 42(2): 196-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9067070&dopt=Abstract
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Acute tryptophan depletion attenuates auditory event related potentials in bipolar disorder: a preliminary study. Author(s): Young AH, Hughes JH, Marsh VR, Ashton CH. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 May; 69(1-3): 83-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12103455&dopt=Abstract
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Additional, physically ordered markers increase linkage signal for bipolar disorder on chromosome 18q22. Author(s): Schulze TG, Chen YS, Badner JA, McInnis MG, DePaulo JR Jr, McMahon FJ. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 February 1; 53(3): 239-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12559657&dopt=Abstract
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Adjunctive cognitive-behavioral therapy for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: an empirical case study. Author(s): Satterfield JM. Source: Psychiatry. 1999 Winter; 62(4): 357-69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10693232&dopt=Abstract
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Adjunctive gabapentin treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Vieta E, Martinez-Aran A, Nieto E, Colom F, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Gasto C. Source: European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2000 November; 15(7): 433-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11112936&dopt=Abstract
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Adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder: effects of changing treatment modality. Author(s): Frank E, Swartz HA, Mallinger AG, Thase ME, Weaver EV, Kupfer DJ. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1999 November; 108(4): 579-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609422&dopt=Abstract
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Adjunctive topiramate treatment for pediatric bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart review. Author(s): DelBello MP, Kowatch RA, Warner J, Schwiers ML, Rappaport KB, Daniels JP, Foster KD, Strakowski SM. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2002 Winter; 12(4): 32330. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12625992&dopt=Abstract
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Adolescent bipolar disorder complicated by cultural factors: a case report. Author(s): White W, Roberts N. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1996 November; 41(9): 603-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8946087&dopt=Abstract
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Adolescent bipolar disorder: a nine-year experience. Author(s): Krasa NR, Tolbert HA. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1994 March; 30(3): 175-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8006244&dopt=Abstract
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Affected-sib-pair analyses of bipolar disorder using data on chromosome 18. Author(s): Haghighi F, Li W, Fann CS. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 641-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433556&dopt=Abstract
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Affected-sib-pair analyses reveal support of prior evidence for a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder, on 21q. Author(s): Detera-Wadleigh SD, Badner JA, Goldin LR, Berrettini WH, Sanders AR, Rollins DY, Turner G, Moses T, Haerian H, Muniec D, Nurnberger JI Jr, Gershon ES. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1996 June; 58(6): 1279-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8651306&dopt=Abstract
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Affective bipolar disorder: effective prophylaxis with low doses of lithium carbonate. Author(s): Edis TE. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1984 June; 77(6): 805-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6427939&dopt=Abstract
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Affective disorder subtyped by psychomotor symptoms, monoamine oxidase, melatonin and cortisol: identification of patients with latent bipolar disorder. Author(s): Wahlund B, Grahn H, Saaf J, Wetterberg L. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1998; 248(5): 215-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9840367&dopt=Abstract
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Age at onset in geriatric bipolar disorder. Effects on clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in an inpatient sample. Author(s): Wylie ME, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Sweet RA, Zubenko GS, Begley AE, Gregor M, Frank E, Reynolds CF 3rd, Kupfer DJ. Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. 1999 Winter; 7(1): 77-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9919324&dopt=Abstract
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Age at onset, childhood psychopathology, and 2-year outcome in psychotic bipolar disorder. Author(s): Carlson GA, Bromet EJ, Driessens C, Mojtabai R, Schwartz JE. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 February; 159(2): 307-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11823277&dopt=Abstract
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Age of first onset of bipolar disorder: demographic, family history, and psychosocial correlates. Author(s): Hays JC, Krishnan KR, George LK, Blazer DG. Source: Depression and Anxiety. 1998; 7(2): 76-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9614596&dopt=Abstract
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Aging-related issues in bipolar disorder: a health services perspective. Author(s): Sajatovic M. Source: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 2002 Fall; 15(3): 128-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12230082&dopt=Abstract
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Agreement between face-to-face and telephone-administered mood ratings in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Feldman-Naim S, Myers FS, Clark CH, Turner EH, Leibenluft E. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1997 July 4; 71(2): 129-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9255857&dopt=Abstract
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Alcohol problems and long-term psychosocial outcome in Chinese patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Tsai SY, Chen CC, Yeh EK. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 November; 46(2): 143-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9479618&dopt=Abstract
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Algorithms for the pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Motohashi N. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1999 October; 53 Suppl: S41-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10560897&dopt=Abstract
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Allelic distribution of CTG18.1 in Caucasian populations: association studies in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and ataxia. Author(s): McInnis MG, Swift-Scanlanl T, Mahoney AT, Vincent J, Verheyen G, Lan TH, Oruc L, Riess O, Van Broeckhoven C, Chen H, Kennedy JL, MacKinnon DF, Margolis RL, Simpson SG, McMahon FJ, Gershon E, Nurnberger J, Reich T, DePaulo JR, Ross CA. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 July; 5(4): 439-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10889556&dopt=Abstract
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Allelic variation of a BalI polymorphism in the DRD3 gene does not influence susceptibility to bipolar disorder: results of analysis and meta-analysis. Author(s): Elvidge G, Jones I, McCandless F, Asherson P, Owen MJ, Craddock N. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 May 8; 105(4): 307-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11378841&dopt=Abstract
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Alterations in brain phosphorous metabolism in bipolar disorder detected by in vivo 31P and 7Li magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Author(s): Kato T, Takahashi S, Shioiri T, Inubushi T. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1993 January; 27(1): 53-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8432961&dopt=Abstract
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Alterations of hippocampal secreted N-CAM in bipolar disorder and synaptophysin in schizophrenia. Author(s): Vawter MP, Howard AL, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Freed WJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1999 September; 4(5): 467-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10523820&dopt=Abstract
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Altered 5-HT-induced calcium response in the presence of staurosporine in blood platelets from bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Suzuki K, Kusumi I, Akimoto T, Sasaki Y, Koyama T. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 June; 28(6): 1210-4. Epub 2003 April 02. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12700717&dopt=Abstract
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Altered brain energy metabolism in lithium-resistant bipolar disorder detected by photic stimulated 31P-MR spectroscopy. Author(s): Murashita J, Kato T, Shioiri T, Inubushi T, Kato N. Source: Psychological Medicine. 2000 January; 30(1): 107-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10722181&dopt=Abstract
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Altered IMPA2 gene expression and calcium homeostasis in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yoon IS, Li PP, Siu KP, Kennedy JL, Cooke RG, Parikh SV, Warsh JJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2001 November; 6(6): 678-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11673796&dopt=Abstract
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Altered Rap1 endogenous phosphorylation and levels in platelets from patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Perez J, Tardito D, Mori S, Racagni G, Smeraldi E, Zanardi R. Source: Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2000 March-April; 34(2): 99-104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10758250&dopt=Abstract
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Alternative prophylactic treatments to lithium in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Mauri MC, Percudani M, Regazzetti MG, Altamura AC. Source: Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1990; 13 Suppl 1: S90-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2116229&dopt=Abstract
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Alternative therapies for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Lerer B. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1985 August; 46(8): 309-16. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3926754&dopt=Abstract
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Alternatives to lithium for preventive treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Prien RF, Gelenberg AJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989 July; 146(7): 840-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2568092&dopt=Abstract
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Alternatives to lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Keltner NL, Folks DG. Source: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 1991; 27(2): 36-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1788043&dopt=Abstract
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Amygdala enlargement in bipolar disorder and hippocampal reduction in schizophrenia: an MRI study demonstrating neuroanatomic specificity. Author(s): Altshuler LL, Bartzokis G, Grieder T, Curran J, Mintz J. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1998 July; 55(7): 663-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9672058&dopt=Abstract
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An approach to investigating linkage for bipolar disorder using large Costa Rican pedigrees. Author(s): Freimer NB, Reus VI, Escamilla M, Spesny M, Smith L, Service S, Gallegos A, Meza L, Batki S, Vinogradov S, Leon P, Sandkuijl LA. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996 May 31; 67(3): 254-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8725744&dopt=Abstract
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An evaluation of the assembly of an approximately 15-Mb region on human chromosome 13q32-q33 linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Christian SL, McDonough J, Liu Cy CY, Shaikh S, Vlamakis V, Badner JA, Chakravarti A, Gershon ES. Source: Genomics. 2002 May; 79(5): 635-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11991713&dopt=Abstract
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An ever-increasing pharmacopoeia for the management of patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Nemeroff CB. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Supp 13: 19-25. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11153807&dopt=Abstract
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An evidence-based review of psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bauer MS. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 2001 Summer; 35(3): 109-34. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12397882&dopt=Abstract
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An integrated physical map of 18p11.2: a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Esterling LE, Cox Matise T, Sanders AR, Yoshikawa T, Overhauser J, Gershon ES, Moskowitz MT, Detera-Wadleigh SD. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1997 October-November; 2(6): 501-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9399696&dopt=Abstract
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An investigation of the Wnt-signalling pathway in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Author(s): Beasley C, Cotter D, Everall I. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 2002 November 1; 58(1): 63-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12363391&dopt=Abstract
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An MRI study of adolescent patients with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as compared to healthy control subjects. Author(s): Friedman L, Findling RL, Kenny JT, Swales TP, Stuve TA, Jesberger JA, Lewin JS, Schulz SC. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 July 1; 46(1): 78-88. Erratum In: Biol Psychiatry 1999 August 15; 46(4): Following 584. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10394476&dopt=Abstract
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An MRI study of temporal lobe structures in men with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Author(s): Altshuler LL, Bartzokis G, Grieder T, Curran J, Jimenez T, Leight K, Wilkins J, Gerner R, Mintz J. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 July 15; 48(2): 147-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10903411&dopt=Abstract
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An open trial of bupropion for the treatment of adults with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Wilens TE, Prince JB, Spencer T, Van Patten SL, Doyle R, Girard K, Hammerness P, Goldman S, Brown S, Biederman J. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 July 1; 54(1): 9-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12842303&dopt=Abstract
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An open-label trial of divalproex in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Wagner KD, Weller EB, Carlson GA, Sachs G, Biederman J, Frazier JA, Wozniak P, Tracy K, Weller RA, Bowden C. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002 October; 41(10): 1224-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12364844&dopt=Abstract
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An update on the diagnosis and treatment of mania in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Werder SF. Source: American Family Physician. 1995 April; 51(5): 1126-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7709890&dopt=Abstract
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Analysis of a novel functional polymorphism within the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) in Brazilian patients affected by bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Mendes de Oliveira JR, Otto PA, Vallada H, Lauriano V, Elkis H, Lafer B, Vasquez L, Gentil V, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1998 May 8; 81(3): 225-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9603609&dopt=Abstract
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Analysis of bipolar disorder using affected relatives. Author(s): Davis S, Sobel E, Marinov M, Weeks DE. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 605-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433550&dopt=Abstract
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Analysis of ependymal abnormalities in subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Author(s): Gilmore JH, Bouldin TW. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 2002 October 1; 57(2-3): 267-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12223258&dopt=Abstract
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Analysis of the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in Brazilian patients affected by dysthymia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Oliveira JR, Carvalho DR, Pontual D, Gallindo RM, Sougey EB, Gentil V, Lafer B, Maia LG, Morais MA Jr, Matioli S, Vallada H, Moreno RA, Nishimura A, Otto PA, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 July; 5(4): 348-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10889543&dopt=Abstract
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Anatomical MRI study of basal ganglia in bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Brambilla P, Harenski K, Nicoletti MA, Mallinger AG, Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Keshavan MS, Soares JC. Source: Psychiatry Research. 2001 April 10; 106(2): 65-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11306247&dopt=Abstract
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Annual cost of bipolar disorder to UK society. Author(s): Das Gupta R, Guest JF. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 2002 March; 180: 227-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11872515&dopt=Abstract
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Anorgasmia in a patient with bipolar disorder type 1 treated with gabapentin. Author(s): Brannon GE, Rolland PD. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2000 June; 20(3): 379-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10831028&dopt=Abstract
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Anterior cingulate cortex pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bouras C, Kovari E, Hof PR, Riederer BM, Giannakopoulos P. Source: Acta Neuropathologica. 2001 October; 102(4): 373-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11603813&dopt=Abstract
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Anticipation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder controlling for an information bias. Author(s): Merette C, Roy-Gagnon MH, Ghazzali N, Savard F, Boutin P, Roy MA, Maziade M. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 February 7; 96(1): 61-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10686554&dopt=Abstract
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Anticonvulsants and antipsychotics in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998; 59 Suppl 6: 74-81; Discussion 82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9674940&dopt=Abstract
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Anticonvulsants in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Nemeroff CB. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1992 Fall; 4(4): 395405. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1422166&dopt=Abstract
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Antidepressant discontinuation-related mania: critical prospective observation and theoretical implications in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goldstein TR, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, Smith-Jackson E, Leverich GS, Bryan AL, Ali SO, Post RM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1999 August; 60(8): 563-7; Quiz 568-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10485646&dopt=Abstract
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Antidepressant effects of lamotrigine in rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Fatemi SH, Woyshville MJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996 September; 153(9): 1236. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8780440&dopt=Abstract
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Antidepressant properties of anticonvulsant drugs for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ernst CL, Goldberg JF. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2003 April; 23(2): 182-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12640220&dopt=Abstract
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Antidepressant-induced cycle acceleration in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Simpson HB, Liebowitz MR. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996 September; 153(9): 1239. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8780445&dopt=Abstract
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Antidepressants and antipsychotics in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kusumakar V. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002; 63 Suppl 10: 23-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12392350&dopt=Abstract
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Antiepileptic drugs for the acute and maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): De Leon OA. Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2001 September-October; 9(5): 209-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11553525&dopt=Abstract
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Antipsychotic agents and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Tohen M, Zarate CA Jr. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998; 59 Suppl 1: 38-48; Discussion 49. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9448668&dopt=Abstract
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Antipsychotics in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gelenberg AJ, Hopkins HS. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1996; 57 Suppl 9: 49-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8823350&dopt=Abstract
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Antiretroviral antibodies: implications for schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hart DJ, Heath RG, Sautter FJ Jr, Schwartz BD, Garry RF, Choi B, Beilke MA, Hart LK. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 March 15; 45(6): 704-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10188000&dopt=Abstract
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Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: a neglected comorbidity. Author(s): Masi G, Toni C, Perugi G, Mucci M, Millepiedi S, Akiskal HS. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2001 November; 46(9): 797-802. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11761630&dopt=Abstract
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Anxious and non-anxious bipolar disorder. Author(s): Young LT, Cooke RG, Robb JC, Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1993 September; 29(1): 49-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8254143&dopt=Abstract
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Are impulse-control disorders related to bipolar disorder? Author(s): McElroy SL, Pope HG Jr, Keck PE Jr, Hudson JI, Phillips KA, Strakowski SM. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1996 July-August; 37(4): 229-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8826686&dopt=Abstract
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Are schizophrenic and bipolar disorders related? A review of family and molecular studies. Author(s): Berrettini WH. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 531-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018225&dopt=Abstract
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Assessing the feasibility of linkage disequilibrium methods for mapping complex traits: an initial screen for bipolar disorder loci on chromosome 18. Author(s): Escamilla MA, McInnes LA, Spesny M, Reus VI, Service SK, Shimayoshi N, Tyler DJ, Silva S, Molina J, Gallegos A, Meza L, Cruz ML, Batki S, Vinogradov S, Neylan T, Nguyen JB, Fournier E, Araya C, Barondes SH, Leon P, Sandkuijl LA, Freimer NB. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1999 June; 64(6): 1670-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10330354&dopt=Abstract
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Assessment and treatment of bipolar disorder in the elderly. Author(s): Eastham JH, Jeste DV, Young RC. Source: Drugs & Aging. 1998 March; 12(3): 205-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9534021&dopt=Abstract
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Assessment of basic symptoms in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Ricca V, Galassi F, La Malfa G, Mannucci E, Barciulli E, Cabras PL. Source: Psychopathology. 1997; 30(1): 53-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9042683&dopt=Abstract
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Association analysis of 5HT transporter gene in bipolar disorder in the Indian population. Author(s): Saleem Q, Ganesh S, Vijaykumar M, Reddy YC, Brahmachari SK, Jain S. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 April 3; 96(2): 170-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10893491&dopt=Abstract
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Association analysis of adenylate cyclase type 9 gene using pedigree disequilibrium test in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Toyota T, Yamada K, Saito K, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Yoshikawa T. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(5): 450-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12082561&dopt=Abstract
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Association analysis of CAG repeats at the KCNN3 locus in Indian patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Saleem Q, Sreevidya VS, Sudhir J, Savithri JV, Gowda Y, B-Rao C, Benegal V, Majumder PP, Anand A, Brahmachari SK, Jain S. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 December 4; 96(6): 744-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121173&dopt=Abstract
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Association analysis of G-protein beta 3 subunit gene with altered Ca(2+) homeostasis in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Corson TW, Li PP, Kennedy JL, Macciardi F, Cooke RG, Parikh SV, Warsh JJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2001 March; 6(2): 125-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11317211&dopt=Abstract
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Association analysis of the 5-HT2C receptor and 5-HT transporter genes in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Oruc L, Verheyen GR, Furac I, Jakovljevic M, Ivezic S, Raeymaekers P, Van Broeckhoven C. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1997 September 19; 74(5): 504-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9342201&dopt=Abstract
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Association analysis of the pituitary adenyl cyclase activating peptide gene (PACAP) on chromosome 18p11 with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Ishiguro H, Ohtsuki T, Okubo Y, Kurumaji A, Arinami T. Source: Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2001; 108(7): 849-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11515750&dopt=Abstract
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Association analysis of the proneurotensin gene and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Austin J, Hoogendoorn B, Buckland P, Jones I, McCandless F, Williams N, Middle F, Owen MJ, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2000 March; 10(1): 51-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10909129&dopt=Abstract
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Association and linkage studies of candidate genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in lithium-responsive bipolar disorder. Author(s): Duffy A, Turecki G, Grof P, Cavazzoni P, Grof E, Joober R, Ahrens B, Berghofer A, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Dvorakova M, Libigerova E, Vojtechovsky M, Zvolsky P, Nilsson A, Licht RW, Rasmussen NA, Schou M, Vestergaard P, Holzinger A, Schumann C, Thau K, Robertson C, Rouleau GA, Alda M. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 2000 September; 25(4): 353-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11022400&dopt=Abstract
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Association and linkage studies of CRH and PENK genes in bipolar disorder: a collaborative IGSLI study. Author(s): Alda M, Turecki G, Grof P, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Grof E, Ahrens B, Berghofer A, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Dvorakova M, Libigerova E, Vojtechovsky M, Zvolsky P, Joober R, Nilsson A, Prochazka H, Licht RW, Rasmussen NA, Schou M, Vestergaard P, Holzinger A, Schumann C, Thau K, Rouleau GA. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 April 3; 96(2): 178-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10893493&dopt=Abstract
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Association between bipolar disorder and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms: results of a multicenter study. Author(s): Preisig M, Bellivier F, Fenton BT, Baud P, Berney A, Courtet P, Hardy P, Golaz J, Leboyer M, Mallet J, Matthey ML, Mouthon D, Neidhart E, Nosten-Bertrand M, Stadelmann-Dubuis E, Guimon J, Ferrero F, Buresi C, Malafosse A. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 June; 157(6): 948-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10831475&dopt=Abstract
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Association between serotonin 4 receptor gene polymorphisms and bipolar disorder in Japanese case-control samples and the NIMH Genetics Initiative Bipolar Pedigrees. Author(s): Ohtsuki T, Ishiguro H, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Toyota T, Shimizu H, Yamada K, Yoshitsugu K, Hattori E, Yoshikawa T, Arinami T. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(9): 954-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12399948&dopt=Abstract
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Association of 5-HT(2A) receptor gene polymorphism with major affective disorders: the case of a subgroup of bipolar disorder with low suicide risk. Author(s): Bonnier B, Gorwood P, Hamon M, Sarfati Y, Boni C, Hardy-Bayle MC. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2002 May 1; 51(9): 762-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11983190&dopt=Abstract
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Association of a new polymorphism in ALOX12 gene with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Fridman C, Ojopi EP, Gregorio SP, Ikenaga EH, Moreno DH, Demetrio FN, Guimaraes PE, Vallada HP, Gattaz WF, Dias Neto E. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2003 February; 253(1): 40-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12664313&dopt=Abstract
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Association of bipolar disorder with the 5178 polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA. Author(s): Kato T, Kunugi H, Nanko S, Kato N. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 April 3; 96(2): 182-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10893494&dopt=Abstract
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Association of CAG repeat loci on chromosome 22 with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Saleem Q, Dash D, Gandhi C, Kishore A, Benegal V, Sherrin T, Mukherjee O, Jain S, Brahmachari SK. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2001 November; 6(6): 694-700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11673798&dopt=Abstract
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Association of mild traumatic brain injury with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sagduyu K. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 July; 63(7): 594. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12143915&dopt=Abstract
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Association of prenatal and perinatal complications with subsequent bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Buka SL, Fan AP. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1999 September 29; 39(2): 113-9; Discussion 160-1. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10507521&dopt=Abstract
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Association studies of bipolar disorder at the human serotonin transporter gene (hSERT; 5HTT). Author(s): Rees M, Norton N, Jones I, McCandless F, Scourfield J, Holmans P, Moorhead S, Feldman E, Sadler S, Cole T, Redman K, Farmer A, McGuffin P, Owen MJ, Craddock N. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1997 September; 2(5): 398-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9322234&dopt=Abstract
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Association studies of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Craddock N, Dave S, Greening J. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 December; 3(6): 284-98. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11843779&dopt=Abstract
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Association studies of candidate genes in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Heiden A, Schussler P, Itzlinger U, Leisch F, Scharfetter J, Gebhardt C, Fuchs K, Willeit M, Nilsson L, Miller-Reiter E, Stompe T, Meszaros K, Sieghart W, Hornik K, Kasper S, Aschauer HN. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2000; 42 Suppl 1: 18-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11093065&dopt=Abstract
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Association study between bipolar disorder and candidate genes involved in dopamine-serotonin metabolism and GABAergic neurotransmission: a preliminary report. Author(s): Oruc L, Furac I, Croux C, Jakovljevic M, Kracun I, Folnegovic V, Van Broeckhoven C. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1996 Winter; 6(4): 213-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9149328&dopt=Abstract
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Association study of bipolar disorder at the phospholipase A2 gene (PLA2A) in the Darier's disease (DAR) region of chromosome 12q23-q24.1. Author(s): Jacobsen N, Daniels J, Moorhead S, Harrison D, Feldman E, McGuffin P, Owen MJ, Craddock N. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1996 Winter; 6(4): 195-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9149325&dopt=Abstract
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Association study of bipolar disorder using a functional polymorphism (Ser311->Cys) in the dopamine D2 receptor gene. Author(s): Craddock N, Roberts Q, Williams N, McGuffin P, Owen MJ. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1995 Summer; 5(2): 63-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7551964&dopt=Abstract
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Association study of bipolar disorder with candidate genes involved in catecholamine neurotransmission: DRD2, DRD3, DAT1, and TH genes. Author(s): Souery D, Lipp O, Mahieu B, Mendelbaum K, De Martelaer V, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996 November 22; 67(6): 551-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8950413&dopt=Abstract
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Association study of CAG repeats in the KCNN3 gene in Japanese patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ujike H, Yamamoto A, Tanaka Y, Takehisa Y, Takaki M, Taked T, Kodama M, Kuroda S. Source: Psychiatry Research. 2001 April 15; 101(3): 203-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11311923&dopt=Abstract
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Association study of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Nakata K, Ujike H, Sakai A, Uchida N, Nomura A, Imamura T, Katsu T, Tanaka Y, Hamamura T, Kuroda S. Source: Neuroscience Letters. 2003 January 30; 337(1): 17-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524161&dopt=Abstract
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Associations between bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders during adolescence and early adulthood: a community-based longitudinal investigation. Author(s): Johnson JG, Cohen P, Brook JS. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 October; 157(10): 1679-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11007724&dopt=Abstract
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At issue: is household crowding a risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Author(s): Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1998; 24(3): 321-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9718626&dopt=Abstract
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Attempted suicide and alcoholism in bipolar disorder: clinical and familial relationships. Author(s): Potash JB, Kane HS, Chiu YF, Simpson SG, MacKinnon DF, McInnis MG, McMahon FJ, DePaulo JR Jr. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 December; 157(12): 2048-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11097977&dopt=Abstract
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with bipolar disorder in girls: further evidence for a familial subtype? Author(s): Faraone SV, Biederman J, Monuteaux MC. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 April; 64(1): 19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11292516&dopt=Abstract
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Attentional vulnerability indicators in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Addington J, Addington D. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1997 February 28; 23(3): 197-204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9075297&dopt=Abstract
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with bipolar disorder: a familial subtype? Author(s): Faraone SV, Biederman J, Mennin D, Wozniak J, Spencer T. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997 October; 36(10): 1378-87; Discussion 1387-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9334551&dopt=Abstract
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Attitudes towards bipolar disorder and predictive genetic testing among patients and providers. Author(s): Smith LB, Sapers B, Reus VI, Freimer NB. Source: Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996 July; 33(7): 544-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8818938&dopt=Abstract
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Attitudes towards future testing for bipolar disorder susceptibility genes: a preliminary investigation. Author(s): Jones I, Scourfield J, McCandless F, Craddock N. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 September; 71(1-3): 189-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167515&dopt=Abstract
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Atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilization in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Brambilla P, Barale F, Soares JC. Source: Psychopharmacology. 2003 April; 166(4): 315-32. Epub 2003 February 27. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12607072&dopt=Abstract
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Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Strakowski SM, Del Bello MP, Adler CM, Keck PE Jr. Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2003 May; 4(5): 751-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12739998&dopt=Abstract
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Autism, profound mental retardation and atypical bipolar disorder in a 33-year-old female with a deletion of 15q12. Author(s): Kerbeshian J, Burd L, Randall T, Martsolf J, Jalal S. Source: J Ment Defic Res. 1990 April; 34 ( Pt 2): 205-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2342095&dopt=Abstract
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Axis I comorbidity in bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Author(s): Pini S, Dell'Osso L, Mastrocinque C, Marcacci G, Papasogli A, Vignoli S, Pallanti S, Cassano G. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1999 November; 175: 467-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10789280&dopt=Abstract
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Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Suppes T, Keck PE Jr, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, Nolen WA, Kupka RW, Leverich GS, Rochussen JR, Rush AJ, Post RM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 March; 158(3): 420-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11229983&dopt=Abstract
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Backward masking task performance in stable, euthymic out-patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): MacQueen GM, Young LT, Galway TM, Joffe RT. Source: Psychological Medicine. 2001 October; 31(7): 1269-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11681553&dopt=Abstract
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Basal ganglia volumes and white matter hyperintensities in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Aylward EH, Roberts-Twillie JV, Barta PE, Kumar AJ, Harris GJ, Geer M, Peyser CE, Pearlson GD. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 May; 151(5): 687-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8166310&dopt=Abstract
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Basal thyroid indices in adolescent depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sokolov ST, Kutcher SP, Joffe RT. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1994 May; 33(4): 469-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8005899&dopt=Abstract
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Behavioral inhibition and disinhibition as hypothesized precursors to psychopathology: implications for pediatric bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J, Calltharp S, Rosenbaum ED, Faraone SV, Rosenbaum JF. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 985-99. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788244&dopt=Abstract
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Biological predictors of lithium response in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ikeda A, Kato T. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2003 June; 57(3): 243-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12753562&dopt=Abstract
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Biological treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kruger S, Braunig P, Young LT. Source: Pharmacopsychiatry. 1996 September; 29(5): 167-75. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8895941&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder after mefloquine treatment. Author(s): Even C, Friedman S, Lanouar K. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 2001 May; 26(3): 252-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11394195&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and ADHD. Author(s): Stein MA, Roizen NM, Leventhal BL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999 October; 38(10): 1208-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10517049&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Author(s): Giedd JN. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Suppl 9: 31-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10826658&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and cerebral sarcoidosis. Author(s): McLoughlin D, McKeon P. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1991 March; 158: 410-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2036540&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and chromosome 18: an analysis of multiple data sets. Author(s): Badner JA, Goldin LR. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 569-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433544&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and chromosome 18p11: uncertainties redux. Author(s): Baron M, Knowles JA. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2000 March; 10(1): 55-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10909130&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and comorbid conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence. Author(s): Kovacs M, Pollock M. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995 June; 34(6): 715-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7608044&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and Crohn's disease. Author(s): Dommisse J. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1992 January; 53(1): 29. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1737739&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and Crohn's disease. Author(s): Holroyd S, DePaulo JR Jr. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1990 October; 51(10): 407-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2211537&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and family communication: effects of a psychoeducational treatment program. Author(s): Simoneau TL, Miklowitz DJ, Richards JA, Saleem R, George EL. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1999 November; 108(4): 588-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609423&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and linkage to Xq28. Author(s): Baron M, Straub RE, Lehner T, Endicott J, Ott J, Gilliam TC, Lerer B. Source: Nature Genetics. 1994 August; 7(4): 461-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7951314&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and panic disorder in families: an analysis of chromosome 18 data. Author(s): MacKinnon DF, Xu J, McMahon FJ, Simpson SG, Stine OC, McInnis MG, DePaulo JR. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 June; 155(6): 829-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9619158&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: distinct illnesses or a continuum? Author(s): Moller HJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003; 64 Suppl 6: 23-7; Discussion 28. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12720477&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and social work practice. Author(s): Sands RG. Source: Soc Work Health Care. 1985 Spring; 10(3): 91-105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3992437&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and the family: an integrative model. Author(s): Moltz DA. Source: Family Process. 1993 December; 32(4): 409-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8163003&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder and variation at a common polymorphism (A1832G) within exon 8 of the Wolfram gene. Author(s): Middle F, Jones I, McCandless F, Barrett T, Khanim F, Owen MJ, Lendon C, Craddock N. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 April 3; 96(2): 154-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10893487&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder associated with interferon-alpha treatment. Author(s): Iancu I, Sverdlik A, Dannon PN, Lepkifker E. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1997 December; 73(866): 834-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9497963&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder associated with Klinefelter's syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities. Author(s): Everman DB, Stoudemire A. Source: Psychosomatics. 1994 January-February; 35(1): 35-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8134527&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder associated with primary generalised epilepsy. Author(s): Howland RH. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1993 May; 162: 699-700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7908591&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder associated with Turner's syndrome. Author(s): Panzer MJ, Tandon R. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1991 November; 179(11): 702. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1940896&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder at prospective follow-up of adults who had prepubertal major depressive disorder. Author(s): Geller B, Zimerman B, Williams M, Bolhofner K, Craney JL. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 January; 158(1): 125-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11136645&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder following a left basal-ganglia stroke. Author(s): Turecki G, Mari Jde J, Del Porto JA. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1993 November; 163: 690. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8298844&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder following a stroke involving the left hemisphere. Author(s): Liu CY, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Yang YY, Liu HC. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1996 October; 30(5): 68891. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8902178&dopt=Abstract
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Bipolar disorder susceptibility region on Xq24-q27.1 in Finnish families. Author(s): Ekholm JM, Pekkarinen P, Pajukanta P, Kieseppa T, Partonen T, Paunio T, Varilo T, Perola M, Lonnqvist J, Peltonen L. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(5): 453-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12082562&dopt=Abstract
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Brain magnetic resonance imaging of structural abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Strakowski SM, DelBello MP, Sax KW, Zimmerman ME, Shear PK, Hawkins JM, Larson ER. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999 March; 56(3): 254-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10078503&dopt=Abstract
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Brain mechanisms in manic depression. Author(s): Carroll BJ. Source: Clinical Chemistry. 1994 February; 40(2): 303-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8313611&dopt=Abstract
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Brain SPECT imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in euthymic bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Anand A, Verhoeff P, Seneca N, Zoghbi SS, Seibyl JP, Charney DS, Innis RB. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 July; 157(7): 1108-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10873919&dopt=Abstract
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Breast cancer, bipolar disorder, catatonia, and life-preserving electroconvulsive therapy. Author(s): Waller K, Borik A, Choi C. Source: Psychosomatics. 2000 September-October; 41(5): 442-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11015633&dopt=Abstract
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Brief communication: pathological narcissism in bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Stormberg D, Ronningstam E, Gunderson J, Tohen M. Source: Journal of Personality Disorders. 1998 Summer; 12(2): 179-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9661104&dopt=Abstract
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Bupropion in the treatment of bipolar disorders: the same old story? Author(s): Fogelson DL, Bystritsky A, Pasnau R. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1992 December; 53(12): 443-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1487473&dopt=Abstract
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CADASIL presenting as bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kumar SK, Mahr G. Source: Psychosomatics. 1997 July-August; 38(4): 397-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9217412&dopt=Abstract
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Calcitonin and bipolar disorder: a hypothesis revisited. Author(s): Vik A, Yatham LN. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 1998 March; 23(2): 109-17. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9549251&dopt=Abstract
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Calcium channel antagonists for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Levy NA, Janicak PG. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 June; 2(2): 108-19. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252650&dopt=Abstract
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Calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, for the treatment of bipolar disorder during pregnancy. Author(s): Yingling DR, Utter G, Vengalil S, Mason B. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 December; 187(6): 1711-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12501088&dopt=Abstract
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Can a subtype of conduct disorder linked to bipolar disorder be identified? Integration of findings from the Massachusetts General Hospital Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research Program. Author(s): Biederman J, Mick E, Wozniak J, Monuteaux MC, Galdo M, Faraone SV. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 952-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788240&dopt=Abstract
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Can adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder be distinguished from those with comorbid bipolar disorder? Findings from a sample of clinically referred adults. Author(s): Wilens TE, Biederman J, Wozniak J, Gunawardene S, Wong J, Monuteaux M. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 July 1; 54(1): 1-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12842302&dopt=Abstract
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Can stimulant rebound mimic pediatric bipolar disorder? Author(s): Sarampote CS, Efron LA, Robb AS, Pearl PL, Stein MA. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2002 Spring; 12(1): 63-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12014597&dopt=Abstract
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Can we conduct some large simple trials in bipolar disorder? Author(s): Geddes JR. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 62-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479680&dopt=Abstract
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Carbamazepine treatment of bipolar disorder in an adolescent with cerebral palsy. Author(s): Craven C, Murphy M. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000 June; 39(6): 680-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846301&dopt=Abstract
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Carbamazepine, a possible adjunct or alternative to lithium in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Nolen WA. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983 April; 67(4): 218-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6858715&dopt=Abstract
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Case of mania induced by withdrawal of interferon-alpha in a patient affected by bipolar disorder. Author(s): Rossi A, Renzetti D, D'Albenzio L, Gianfelice D, Kalyvoka A, Rinaldi O. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2002 December; 56(6): 647-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12485309&dopt=Abstract
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Case study: bipolar disorder after head injury. Author(s): Sayal K, Ford T, Pipe R. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000 April; 39(4): 525-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10761356&dopt=Abstract
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Case study: carbamazepine treatment of juvenile-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Woolston JL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999 March; 38(3): 335-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10087696&dopt=Abstract
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Case study: comorbidity among Tourette's syndrome, autistic disorder, and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kerbeshian J, Burd L. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996 May; 35(5): 681-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8935216&dopt=Abstract
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Case study: the use of melatonin in a boy with refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): Robertson JM, Tanguay PE. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997 June; 36(6): 822-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9183138&dopt=Abstract
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Case-control study of neurocognitive function in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: an association with mania. Author(s): Cavanagh JT, Van Beck M, Muir W, Blackwood DH. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 2002 April; 180: 320-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11925354&dopt=Abstract
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Catechol o-methyltransferase, serotonin transporter, and tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphisms in bipolar disorder patients with and without comorbid panic disorder. Author(s): Rotondo A, Mazzanti C, Dell'Osso L, Rucci P, Sullivan P, Bouanani S, Gonnelli C, Goldman D, Cassano GB. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 January; 159(1): 23-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11772685&dopt=Abstract
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CD and ADHD in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schneider SM, Atkinson DR, el-Mallakh RS. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996 November; 35(11): 1422-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8936905&dopt=Abstract
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Cell pathology in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Rajkowska G. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 April; 4(2): 105-16. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12071508&dopt=Abstract
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Cellular and molecular actions of lamotrigine: Possible mechanisms of efficacy in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Xie X, Hagan RM. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1998 October; 38(3): 119-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9778599&dopt=Abstract
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Cerebral palsy and juvenile-onset bipolar disorder. A preliminary report. Author(s): Craven C, James A, Murphy M. Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002 June; 11(3): 134-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369773&dopt=Abstract
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Changes in the molecular structure of the brain in bipolar disorder: findings using human postmortem brain tissue. Author(s): Dean B. Source: World J Biol Psychiatry. 2002 July; 3(3): 125-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12478877&dopt=Abstract
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Characteristics and psychosocial problems of patients with bipolar disorder at high risk for suicide attempt. Author(s): Tsai SY, Lee JC, Chen CC. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 January-March; 52(1-3): 145-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10357027&dopt=Abstract
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Characteristics of first suicide attempts in single versus multiple suicide attempters with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Michaelis BH, Goldberg JF, Singer TM, Garno JL, Ernst CL, Davis GP. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2003 January-February; 44(1): 15-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524631&dopt=Abstract
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Characterization of the human glutamate receptor subunit 3 gene (GRIA3), a candidate for bipolar disorder and nonspecific X-linked mental retardation. Author(s): Gecz J, Barnett S, Liu J, Hollway G, Donnelly A, Eyre H, Eshkevari HS, Baltazar R, Grunn A, Nagaraja R, Gilliam C, Peltonen L, Sutherland GR, Baron M, Mulley JC. Source: Genomics. 1999 December 15; 62(3): 356-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10644433&dopt=Abstract
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Child and adolescent bipolar disorder: a review of the past 10 years. Author(s): Geller B, Luby J. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997 September; 36(9): 1168-76. Review. Erratum In: J Am Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997 November; 36(11): 1642. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9291717&dopt=Abstract
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Childhood behavior problems and bipolar disorder--relationship or coincidence? Author(s): Carlson GA, Weintraub S. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1993 July; 28(3): 143-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8408977&dopt=Abstract
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Children of parents with bipolar disorder. A population at high risk for major affective disorders. Author(s): Hodgins S, Faucher B, Zarac A, Ellenbogen M. Source: Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2002 July; 11(3): 533-53, Ix. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12222082&dopt=Abstract
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Children of parents with bipolar disorder: a metaanalysis of risk for mental disorders. Author(s): Lapalme M, Hodgins S, LaRoche C. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1997 August; 42(6): 623-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9288425&dopt=Abstract
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Children with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hellander ME, Burke T. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999 May; 38(5): 495; Author Reply 496. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10348639&dopt=Abstract
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Children with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Staton D, Lysne D. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999 May; 38(5): 495-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10230176&dopt=Abstract
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Choline in the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: clinical and neurochemical findings in lithium-treated patients. Author(s): Stoll AL, Sachs GS, Cohen BM, Lafer B, Christensen JD, Renshaw PF. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1996 September 1; 40(5): 382-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8874839&dopt=Abstract
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Choline, myo-inositol and mood in bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of the anterior cingulate cortex. Author(s): Moore CM, Breeze JL, Gruber SA, Babb SM, Frederick BB, Villafuerte RA, Stoll AL, Hennen J, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 September; 2(3 Pt 2): 207-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11249799&dopt=Abstract
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Choline-containing compounds detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the basal ganglia in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kato T, Hamakawa H, Shioiri T, Murashita J, Takahashi Y, Takahashi S, Inubushi T. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 1996 July; 21(4): 248-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8754593&dopt=Abstract
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Chromosome 18p11 and linkage to bipolar disorder revisited. Author(s): Baron M, Knowles JA. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1999 December; 9(4): 201-3, 205-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10697828&dopt=Abstract
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Circadian secretion of cortisol in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cervantes P, Gelber S, Kin FN, Nair VN, Schwartz G. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 2001 November; 26(5): 411-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762208&dopt=Abstract
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Classification issues of bipolar disorders in childhood. Author(s): Carlson GA. Source: Psychiatr Dev. 1984 Winter; 2(4): 273-85. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6441929&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder subjects with large CAG/CTG repeat DNA. Author(s): Parikh SV, Vincent JB, Kennedy JL. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 October; 55(2-3): 221-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10628891&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical characteristics of familial and non-familial bipolar disorder. Author(s): Moorhead S, Scott J. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 June; 2(2): 136-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252653&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical correlates of therapeutic response in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 December; 67(1-3): 257-65. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11869775&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical correlates of valproate augmentation in refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): McCoy L, Votolato NA, Schwarzkopf SB, Nasrallah HA. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1993 March; 5(1): 29-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8348196&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical practice guidelines for bipolar disorder from the Department of Veterans Affairs. Author(s): Bauer MS, Callahan AM, Jampala C, Petty F, Sajatovic M, Schaefer V, Wittlin B, Powell BJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1999 January; 60(1): 9-21. Erratum In: J Clin Psychiatry 1999 May; 60(5): 341. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10074872&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical studies on the use of lamotrigine in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Rapport DJ, Shelton MD, Kujawa M, Kimmel SE. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1998 October; 38(3): 185-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9778607&dopt=Abstract
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Clinician ratings vs. global ratings of symptom severity: a comparison of symptom measures in the bipolar disorder module, phase II, Texas Medication Algorithm Project. Author(s): Brown ES, Rush AJ, Biggs MM, Shores-Wilson K, Carmody TJ, Suppes T; Texas Medication Algorithm Project. Source: Psychiatry Research. 2003 February 15; 117(2): 167-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12606018&dopt=Abstract
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Clinicians' fidelity to a manual-based family treatment as a predictor of the one-year course of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Weisman A, Tompson MC, Okazaki S, Gregory J, Goldstein MJ, Rea M, Miklowitz DJ. Source: Family Process. 2002 Spring; 41(1): 123-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11924080&dopt=Abstract
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Clock genes, feedback loops and their possible role in the etiology of bipolar disorders: an integrative model. Author(s): Mitterauer B. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 2000 August; 55(2): 155-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10904433&dopt=Abstract
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Clonazepam augmentation therapy in a male at early adolescence with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sugimoto T, Murata T, Omori M, Wada Y. Source: General Hospital Psychiatry. 2003 January-February; 25(1): 57-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12583934&dopt=Abstract
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Clonazepam in the treatment of bipolar disorder in patients with non-lithiuminduced renal insufficiency. Author(s): Amiel M, Bryan S, Herjanic M. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1987 October; 48(10): 424. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3117777&dopt=Abstract
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Clonazepam treatment of atypical bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pande AC. Source: Psychosomatics. 1988 Summer; 29(3): 333-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3406350&dopt=Abstract
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Clonazepam treatment of five lithium-refractory patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Aronson TA, Shukla S, Hirschowitz J. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989 January; 146(1): 77-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2643359&dopt=Abstract
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Clonazepam-induced maniacal reaction in a patient with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ikeda M, Fujikawa T, Yanai I, Horiguchi J, Yamawaki S. Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1998 July; 13(4): 189-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9727730&dopt=Abstract
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Clonidine in the treatment of mania and mixed bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zubenko GS, Cohen BM, Lipinski JF Jr, Jonas JM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1984 December; 141(12): 1617-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6507667&dopt=Abstract
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Clonidine in the treatment of mixed bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kontaxakis V, Markianos M, Markidis M, Stefanis C. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1989 January; 79(1): 108-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2467523&dopt=Abstract
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Close linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 11 markers is excluded in two large Australian pedigrees. Author(s): Mitchell P, Waters B, Morrison N, Shine J, Donald J, Eisman J. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1991 January; 21(1): 23-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1673974&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frakenburg FR. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1993 August; 13(4): 289-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8376619&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine associated with decreased suicidality in bipolar disorder: a case report. Author(s): Vangala VR, Brown ES, Suppes T. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 December; 1(2): 123-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252659&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder: a 24-month naturalistic study. Author(s): Ciapparelli A, Dell'Osso L, Pini S, Chiavacci MC, Fenzi M, Cassano GB. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000 May; 61(5): 329-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10847306&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine in bipolar disorder: treatment implications for other atypical antipsychotics. Author(s): Frye MA, Ketter TA, Altshuler LL, Denicoff K, Dunn RT, Kimbrell TA, CoraLocatelli G, Post RM. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 March; 48(2-3): 91-104. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9543198&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine in rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frye MA, Altshuler LL, Bitran JA. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1996 February; 16(1): 87-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8834431&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic bipolar disorder: a naturalistic 48-month follow-up study. Author(s): Ciapparelli A, Dell'Osso L, Bandettini di Poggio A, Carmassi C, Cecconi D, Fenzi M, Chiavacci MC, Bottai M, Ramacciotti CE, Cassano GB. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 April; 64(4): 451-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12716249&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine prophylaxis in rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Meltzer HY, Markovitz PJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1991 December; 11(6): 396-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1770164&dopt=Abstract
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Clozapine treatment in an adolescent with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Masi G, Milone A. Source: Panminerva Medica. 1998 September; 40(3): 254-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9785928&dopt=Abstract
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Cognitive impairment and cerebral structure by MRI in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Coffman JA, Bornstein RA, Olson SC, Schwarzkopf SB, Nasrallah HA. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1990 June 1; 27(11): 1188-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2354225&dopt=Abstract
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Combined valproate and carbamazepine treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Vuckovic A, Friedman LM. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1992 Summer; 4(3): 319-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1498585&dopt=Abstract
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Combining lithium and sodium valproate for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mitchell P, Withers K, Jacobs G, Hickie I. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 March; 28(1): 1413. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8067959&dopt=Abstract
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Commentary on the nature and treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Leonard BE. Source: World J Biol Psychiatry. 2001 July; 2(3): 110-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12587195&dopt=Abstract
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Comorbid bipolar disorder and panic disorder in families with a high prevalence of bipolar disorder. Author(s): MacKinnon DF, Zandi PP, Cooper J, Potash JB, Simpson SG, Gershon E, Nurnberger J, Reich T, DePaulo JR. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 January; 159(1): 30-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11772686&dopt=Abstract
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Comorbid bipolar disorder in Tourette's syndrome responds to the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (Inversine). Author(s): Shytle RD, Silver AA, Sanberg PR. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 November 15; 48(10): 1028-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11082479&dopt=Abstract
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Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with early- and late-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ, Guille C. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 March; 157(3): 466-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10698829&dopt=Abstract
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Comorbidity of binge eating disorder and the partial binge eating syndrome with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kruger S, Shugar G, Cooke RG. Source: The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1996 January; 19(1): 45-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8640201&dopt=Abstract
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Comorbidity of bipolar disorder and substance abuse in Costa Rica: pedigree- and population-based studies. Author(s): Escamilla MA, Batki S, Reus VI, Spesny M, Molina J, Service S, Vinogradov S, Neylan T, Mathews C, Meza L, Gallegos A, Montero AP, Cruz ML, Neuhaus J, Roche E, Smith L, Leon P, Freimer NB. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 September; 71(1-3): 71-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167503&dopt=Abstract
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Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in recovered inpatients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kruger S, Braunig P, Cooke RG. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 March; 2(1): 71-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11254024&dopt=Abstract
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Comparative sequencing and association studies of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Speight G, Turic D, Austin J, Hoogendoorn B, Cardno AG, Jones L, Murphy KC, Sanders R, McCarthy G, Jones I, McCandless F, McGuffin P, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Buckland P, O'Donovan MC. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 May; 5(3): 327-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10889538&dopt=Abstract
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Comparing anxiety disorders and anxiety-related traits in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Author(s): Simon NM, Smoller JW, Fava M, Sachs G, Racette SR, Perlis R, Sonawalla S, Rosenbaum JF. Source: Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2003 May-June; 37(3): 187-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12650739&dopt=Abstract
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Comparison of carbamazepine and lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorders. A meta-analysis. Author(s): Dardennes R, Even C, Bange F, Heim A. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1995 March; 166(3): 378-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7788131&dopt=Abstract
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Comparison of insight in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in remission. Author(s): Yen CF, Chen CS, Yeh ML, Yen JY, Ker JH, Yang SJ. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2002 December; 190(12): 847-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12486373&dopt=Abstract
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Concurrent use of theophylline and lithium in a patient with chronic obstructive lung disease and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sierles FS, Ossowski MG. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1982 January; 139(1): 117-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7055254&dopt=Abstract
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Confirmation of association between expanded CAG/CTG repeats and both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): O'Donovan MC, Guy C, Craddock N, Bowen T, McKeon P, Macedo A, Maier W, Wildenauer D, Aschauer HN, Sorbi S, Feldman E, Mynett-Johnson L, Claffey E, Nacmias B, Valente J, Dourado A, Grassi E, Lenzinger E, Heiden AM, Moorhead S, Harrison D, Williams J, McGuffin P, Owen MJ. Source: Psychological Medicine. 1996 November; 26(6): 1145-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8931160&dopt=Abstract
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Confusion and dysphoria with low-dose topiramate in a patient with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Andrade C. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 August; 3(4): 211-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11552960&dopt=Abstract
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Congenital dermatoglyphic malformations in severe bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gutierrez B, Van Os J, Valles V, Guillamat R, Campillo M, Fananas L. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1998 May 8; 78(3): 133-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9657417&dopt=Abstract
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Congenital neuroblastoma in a boy born to a woman with bipolar disorder treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. Author(s): Baptista T, Araujo H, Rada P, Hernandez L. Source: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 1998 April; 22(3): 445-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9612842&dopt=Abstract
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Construct validity of life chart functioning scales for use in naturalistic studies of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Meaden PM, Daniels RE, Zajecka J. Source: Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2000 May-June; 34(3): 187-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10867113&dopt=Abstract
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Content analysis of groups for inpatients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pollack LE. Source: Applied Nursing Research : Anr. 1993 February; 6(1): 19-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8439173&dopt=Abstract
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Contested boundaries of bipolar disorder and the limits of categorical diagnosis in psychiatry. Author(s): Blacker D, Tsuang MT. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1992 November; 149(11): 1473-83. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1415815&dopt=Abstract
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Contingent tolerance and reresponse to carbamazepine: a case study in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pazzaglia PJ, Post RM. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1992 Winter; 4(1): 76-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1627967&dopt=Abstract
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Continuation and maintenance ECT in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Author(s): Vaidya NA, Mahableshwarkar AR, Shahid R. Source: The Journal of Ect. 2003 March; 19(1): 10-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12621271&dopt=Abstract
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Continuation and prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sharma V, Yatham LN, Haslam DR, Silverstone PH, Parikh SV, Matte R, Kutcher SP, Kusumakar V. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1997 August; 42 Suppl 2: 92S-100S. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9288442&dopt=Abstract
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Coping resources of African-American and white patients hospitalized for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pollack LE, Harvin S, Cramer RD. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 2000 October; 51(10): 1310-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11013334&dopt=Abstract
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Correlates of overweight and obesity in 644 patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): McElroy SL, Frye MA, Suppes T, Dhavale D, Keck PE Jr, Leverich GS, Altshuler L, Denicoff KD, Nolen WA, Kupka R, Grunze H, Walden J, Post RM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 March; 63(3): 207-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11926719&dopt=Abstract
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Cost of treating bipolar disorder in the California Medicaid (Medi-Cal) program. Author(s): Li J, McCombs JS, Stimmel GL. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 September; 71(1-3): 131-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167509&dopt=Abstract
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Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, Faravelli C, Greenwald S, Hwu HG, Joyce PR, Karam EG, Lee CK, Lellouch J, Lepine JP, Newman SC, Rubio-Stipec M, Wells JE, Wickramaratne PJ, Wittchen H, Yeh EK. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1996 July 24-31; 276(4): 293-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8656541&dopt=Abstract
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Current research on rapid cycling bipolar disorder and its treatment. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Shelton MD, Rapport DJ, Kujawa M, Kimmel SE, Caban S. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 December; 67(1-3): 241-55. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11869774&dopt=Abstract
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CUX2, a potential regulator of NCAM expression: genomic characterization and analysis as a positional candidate susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Jacobsen NJ, Elvidge G, Franks EK, O'Donovan MC, Craddock N, Owen MJ. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 April 8; 105(3): 295-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11353453&dopt=Abstract
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Cyclical self-injurious behavior, contingent water mist treatment, and the possibility of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Osborne JG, Baggs AW, Darvish R, Blakelock H, Peine H, Jenson WR. Source: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 1992 December; 23(4): 325-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1302257&dopt=Abstract
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Decrease in reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase67 (GAD67) expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a postmortem brain study. Author(s): Guidotti A, Auta J, Davis JM, Di-Giorgi-Gerevini V, Dwivedi Y, Grayson DR, Impagnatiello F, Pandey G, Pesold C, Sharma R, Uzunov D, Costa E, DiGiorgi Gerevini V. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000 November; 57(11): 1061-9. Erratum In: Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002 January; 59(1): 12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11074872&dopt=Abstract
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Decreased anterior cingulate myo-inositol/creatine spectroscopy resonance with lithium treatment in children with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Davanzo P, Thomas MA, Yue K, Oshiro T, Belin T, Strober M, McCracken J. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 April; 24(4): 359-69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11182531&dopt=Abstract
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Decreased brain intracellular pH measured by 31P-MRS in bipolar disorder: a confirmation in drug-free patients and correlation with white matter hyperintensity. Author(s): Kato T, Murashita J, Kamiya A, Shioiri T, Kato N, Inubushi T. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1998; 248(6): 301-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9928909&dopt=Abstract
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Decreased dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetyl aspartate in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Winsberg ME, Sachs N, Tate DL, Adalsteinsson E, Spielman D, Ketter TA. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 March 15; 47(6): 475-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10715353&dopt=Abstract
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Decreased N-acetylaspartate in children with familial bipolar disorder. Author(s): Chang K, Adleman N, Dienes K, Barnea-Goraly N, Reiss A, Ketter T. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 1059-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788251&dopt=Abstract
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Decreased pituitary volume in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sassi RB, Nicoletti M, Brambilla P, Harenski K, Mallinger AG, Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Keshavan MS, Soares JC. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2001 August 15; 50(4): 271-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11522262&dopt=Abstract
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Decreased plasma prolactin release in euthymic lithium-treated women with bipolar disorder. Author(s): El Khoury A, Tham A, Mathe AA, Aberg-Wistedt A, Stain-Malmgren R. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2003; 48(1): 14-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12886035&dopt=Abstract
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Decreased temporal lobe phosphomonoesters in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Deicken RF, Weiner MW, Fein G. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1995 March 14; 33(3): 195-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7790672&dopt=Abstract
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Deficits in gray matter volume are present in schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zipursky RB, Seeman MV, Bury A, Langevin R, Wortzman G, Katz R. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1997 August 29; 26(2-3): 85-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9323337&dopt=Abstract
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Deletion of leukocyte mitochondrial DNA in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kato T, Takahashi Y. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1996 April 12; 37(2-3): 67-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8731068&dopt=Abstract
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Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals in a bipolar disorder case registry. Author(s): Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Grochocinski VJ, Cluss PA, Houck PR, Stapf DA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 February; 63(2): 120-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11874212&dopt=Abstract
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Density and distribution of white matter neurons in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: no evidence for abnormalities of neuronal migration. Author(s): Beasley CL, Cotter DR, Everall IP. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(6): 564-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12140779&dopt=Abstract
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Dental care for the patient with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Clark DB. Source: Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 2003 January; 69(1): 20-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12556265&dopt=Abstract
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Dental conditions in patients with bipolar disorder on long-term lithium maintenance therapy. Author(s): Friedlander AH, Birch NJ. Source: Spec Care Dentist. 1990 September-October; 10(5): 148-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11100224&dopt=Abstract
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Depression and bipolar disorder: relationships to impaired fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, immunological abnormalities, cancer, ageing and osteoporosis. Possible candidate genes. Author(s): Horrobin DF, Bennett CN. Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 1999 April; 60(4): 21734. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10397403&dopt=Abstract
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Depressive episodes of bipolar disorder in early teenage years: changes with increasing age and the significance of IQ. Author(s): Shiratsuchi T, Takahashi N, Suzuki T, Abe K. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 May; 58(2): 161-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10781706&dopt=Abstract
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Description of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 10 bipolar disorder linkage data sets. Author(s): Goldin LR, Gershon ES, Berrettini WH, Stine OC, DePaulo R, McMahon F, Meyers D, Nothen M, Propping P, Cichon S, Fimmers R, Baur M, Albus M, Franzek E, Kreiner R, Maier W, Rietschel M, Baron M, Knowles J, Gilliam C, Endicott J, Gurling H, Curtis D, Smyth C, Kelsoe J. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 563-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433543&dopt=Abstract
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Design and implementation of a randomized trial evaluating systematic care for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Simon GE, Ludman E, Unutzer J, Bauer MS. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 August; 4(4): 226-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12190711&dopt=Abstract
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Detecting bipolar disorder among treatment-seeking substance abusers. Author(s): Sloan KL, Kivlahan D, Saxon AJ. Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2000 February; 26(1): 13-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10718160&dopt=Abstract
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Detecting QTLs for uni- and bipolar disorder using a variance component method. Author(s): Visscher PM, Haley CS, Heath SC, Muir WJ, Blackwood DH. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1999 June; 9(2): 75-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10412186&dopt=Abstract
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Determinants of functional outcome and healthcare costs in bipolar disorder: a highintensity follow-up study. Author(s): Bauer MS, Kirk GF, Gavin C, Williford WO. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 August; 65(3): 231-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11511403&dopt=Abstract
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Determinants of overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Elmslie JL, Mann JI, Silverstone JT, Williams SM, Romans SE. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001 June; 62(6): 486-91; Quiz 492-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11465534&dopt=Abstract
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Developmental brain anomalies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a controlled MRI study. Author(s): Jurjus GJ, Nasrallah HA, Brogan M, Olson SC. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1993 Fall; 5(4): 3758. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8286934&dopt=Abstract
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Developmental manifestations in a boy with prepubertal bipolar disorder. Author(s): Reiss AL. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1985 October; 46(10): 441-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4044536&dopt=Abstract
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Developmental subtypes of juvenile bipolar disorder. Author(s): Biederman J. Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 1995 November-December; 3(4): 227-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9384951&dopt=Abstract
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Developmental vulnerabilities to the onset and course of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Post RM, Leverich GS, Xing G, Weiss RB. Source: Development and Psychopathology. 2001 Summer; 13(3): 581-98. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11523849&dopt=Abstract
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Dexamethasone for treatment of major depression in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Beale MD, Arana GW. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 June; 152(6): 959-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7755142&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder. Author(s): Clayton P. Source: Minn Med. 1999 October; 82(10): 46-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10544645&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosing bipolar disorder and the effect of antidepressants: a naturalistic study. Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Boiman EE, Goodwin FK. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000 October; 61(10): 804-8; Quiz 809. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11078046&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis and treatment of rapidly cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Maj M. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2001; 251 Suppl 2: Ii62-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11824840&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis of bipolar disorders: focus on bipolar disorder I and bipolar disorder II. Author(s): Bowden CL. Source: Medgenmed [electronic Resource] : Medscape General Medicine. 2002 August 16; 4(3): 17. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12466760&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in the management of pediatric-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Wozniak J, Biederman J, Richards JA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001; 62 Suppl 14: 10-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11469669&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic certainty of a voluntary bipolar disorder case registry. Author(s): Cluss PA, Marcus SC, Kelleher KJ, Thase ME, Arvay LA, Kupfer DJ. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 January-March; 52(1-3): 93-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10357022&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic characteristics of 93 cases of a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype by gender, puberty and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Geller B, Zimerman B, Williams M, Bolhofner K, Craney JL, Delbello MP, Soutullo CA. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2000 Fall; 10(3): 157-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11052405&dopt=Abstract
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Differences in cerebellar blood volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Loeber RT, Sherwood AR, Renshaw PF, Cohen BM, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1999 May 4; 37(1): 81-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10227110&dopt=Abstract
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Differences in qualitative brain morphology findings in schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, and normal volunteers. Author(s): Lewine RR, Hudgins P, Brown F, Caudle J, Risch SC. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1995 May; 15(3): 253-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7632622&dopt=Abstract
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Different trait markers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a neurocognitive approach. Author(s): Keri S, Kelemen O, Benedek G, Janka Z. Source: Psychological Medicine. 2001 July; 31(5): 915-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11459389&dopt=Abstract
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Differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Dunner DL. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1992 February; 12(1 Suppl): 7S-12S. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1541721&dopt=Abstract
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Differential efficacy of lithium and carbamazepine in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder: results of the MAP study. Author(s): Kleindienst N, Greil W. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2000; 42 Suppl 1: 2-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11093063&dopt=Abstract
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Differential hippocampal expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 messenger RNA in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Heckers S, Stone D, Walsh J, Shick J, Koul P, Benes FM. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002 June; 59(6): 521-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12044194&dopt=Abstract
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Differential prescription of maintenance antipsychotics to African American and white patients with new-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Fleck DE, Hendricks WL, DelBello MP, Strakowski SM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 August; 63(8): 658-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12197445&dopt=Abstract
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Differential response to lithium and carbamazepine in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Greil W, Kleindienst N, Erazo N, Muller-Oerlinghausen B. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1998 December; 18(6): 455-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9864077&dopt=Abstract
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Differential treatment of bipolar disorder with old and new antiepileptic drugs. Author(s): Walden J, Normann C, Langosch J, Berger M, Grunze H. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1998 October; 38(3): 181-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9778606&dopt=Abstract
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Difficulties in diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder: three case presentations. Author(s): Brady KT. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Supp 13: 32-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11153810&dopt=Abstract
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Difficulty in implementing a family intervention for bipolar disorder: the predictive role of patient and family attributes. Author(s): Tompson MC, Rea MM, Goldstein MJ, Miklowitz DJ, Weisman AG. Source: Family Process. 2000 Spring; 39(1): 105-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10742934&dopt=Abstract
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Diltiazem as augmentation therapy in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar disorder: a retrospective study. Author(s): Silverstone PH, Birkett L. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 2000 May; 25(3): 276-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10863888&dopt=Abstract
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Dimensions of psychopathology in bipolar disorder versus other affective and nonaffective psychoses among an epidemiologically complete population. Author(s): Scully PJ, Owens JM, Kinsella A, Waddington JL. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 43-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479677&dopt=Abstract
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Discontinuation of maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder: risks and implications. Author(s): Suppes T, Baldessarini RJ, Faedda GL, Tondo L, Tohen M. Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 1993 September-October; 1(3): 131-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9384841&dopt=Abstract
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Discontinuing lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorders: risks and implications. Author(s): Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Viguera AC. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 September; 1(1): 17-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256650&dopt=Abstract
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Disease classification and transmission effects on linkage analyses in the NIMH1 bipolar disorder pedigrees. Author(s): Collins JS, Go RC. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 587-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433547&dopt=Abstract
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Disease-specific alterations in frontal cortex brain proteins in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The Stanley Neuropathology Consortium. Author(s): Johnston-Wilson NL, Sims CD, Hofmann JP, Anderson L, Shore AD, Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 March; 5(2): 142-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10822341&dopt=Abstract
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Disinhibition syndromes, secondary mania and bipolar disorder in old age. Author(s): Shulman KI. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 December; 46(3): 175-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9547115&dopt=Abstract
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Distinguishing bipolar disorder from schizophrenia in clinical practice: guidelines and case reports. Author(s): Pope HG Jr. Source: Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1983 April; 34(4): 322-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6840720&dopt=Abstract
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Distinguishing borderline personality disorder from bipolar disorder: differential diagnosis and implications. Author(s): Bolton S, Gunderson JG. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996 September; 153(9): 1202-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8780426&dopt=Abstract
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Distinguishing unipolar and bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Taylor MA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 September; 151(9): 1397-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8067506&dopt=Abstract
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Diurnal variation in the direction of mood switches in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Feldman-Naim S, Turner EH, Leibenluft E. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997 February; 58(2): 79-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9062377&dopt=Abstract
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Divalproex for the treatment of geriatric bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mordecai DJ, Sheikh JI, Glick ID. Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 1999 June; 14(6): 494-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10398360&dopt=Abstract
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Divalproex sodium in sex offenders with bipolar disorders and comorbid paraphilias: an open retrospective study. Author(s): Nelson E, Brusman L, Holcomb J, Soutullo C, Beckman D, Welge JA, Kuppili N, McElroy SL. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 May; 64(2-3): 249-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11313091&dopt=Abstract
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Divalproex sodium versus olanzapine in the treatment of acute mania in bipolar disorder: health-related quality of life and medical cost outcomes. Author(s): Revicki DA, Paramore LC, Sommerville KW, Swann AC, Zajecka JM; Depakote Comparator Study Group. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 March; 64(3): 288-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12716270&dopt=Abstract
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Divalproex-responsive rapid cycling bipolar disorder in a patient with Down's syndrome: implications for the Down's syndrome-mania hypothesis. Author(s): Sovner R. Source: J Ment Defic Res. 1991 April; 35 ( Pt 2): 171-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2072396&dopt=Abstract
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DNA fragmentation decreased in schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder. Author(s): Benes FM, Walsh J, Bhattacharyya S, Sheth A, Berretta S. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2003 April; 60(4): 359-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12695312&dopt=Abstract
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DNA polymorphisms and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kato T. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 July; 158(7): 1169-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11431265&dopt=Abstract
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DNA restriction fragment analysis of the proopiomelanocortin gene in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Feder J, Gurling HM, Darby J, Cavalli-Sforza LL. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1985 March; 37(2): 286-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2984925&dopt=Abstract
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Do lithium and anticonvulsants target the brain arachidonic acid cascade in bipolar disorder? Author(s): Rapoport SI, Bosetti F. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002 July; 59(7): 592-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12090811&dopt=Abstract
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Do puerperal psychotic episodes identify a more familial subtype of bipolar disorder? Results of a family history study. Author(s): Jones I, Craddock N. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2002 September; 12(3): 177-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12218664&dopt=Abstract
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Do we need placebo control in maintenance studies in bipolar disorders? Author(s): Vieta E. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479679&dopt=Abstract
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Does inositol signalling have a role in disease susceptibility and drug treatment of bipolar disorder? Author(s): Steen VM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 53-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479678&dopt=Abstract
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Does prophylaxis-delay in bipolar disorder influence outcome? Results from a longterm study of 147 patients. Author(s): Baethge C, Smolka MN, Gruschka P, Berghofer A, Schlattmann P, Bauer M, Altshuler L, Grof P, Muller-Oerlinghausen B. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2003 April; 107(4): 260-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12662248&dopt=Abstract
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Does the manic/mixed episode distinction in bipolar disorder patients run true over time? Author(s): Woods SW, Money R, Baker CB. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 August; 158(8): 1324-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11481172&dopt=Abstract
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Donepezil in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Author(s): Burt T, Sachs GS, Demopulos C. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 April 15; 45(8): 959-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10386177&dopt=Abstract
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Dopamine D4 receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase genes in bipolar disorder: evidence for a role of DRD4. Author(s): Muglia P, Petronis A, Mundo E, Lander S, Cate T, Kennedy JL. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(8): 860-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12232779&dopt=Abstract
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Dopamine receptor binding of C-11-3-N-methylspiperone in the caudate in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a preliminary report. Author(s): Wong DF, Wagner HN Jr, Pearlson G, Dannals RF, Links JM, Ravert HT, Wilson AA, Suneja S, Bjorvvinssen E, Kuhar MJ, et al. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1985; 21(3): 595-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4034877&dopt=Abstract
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Dose-dependent valproic acid thrombocytopenia in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kaufman KR, Gerner R. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1998 March; 10(1): 35-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9622048&dopt=Abstract
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Dose-related thrombocytopenia and macrocytic anemia associated with valproate use in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Fawcett RG. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997 March; 58(3): 125. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9108818&dopt=Abstract
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Double-blind and placebo-controlled study of lithium for adolescent bipolar disorders with secondary substance dependency. Author(s): Geller B, Cooper TB, Sun K, Zimerman B, Frazier J, Williams M, Heath J. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1998 February; 37(2): 171-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9473913&dopt=Abstract
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Drug abuse and bipolar disorder: comorbidity or misdiagnosis? Author(s): Sherwood Brown E, Suppes T, Adinoff B, Rajan Thomas N. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 July; 65(2): 105-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11356233&dopt=Abstract
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Drug abuse and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Estroff TW, Dackis CA, Gold MS, Pottash AL. Source: International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 1985-86; 15(1): 37-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4055245&dopt=Abstract
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Drug abuse in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Miller FT, Busch F, Tanenbaum JH. Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1989; 15(3): 291-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2763984&dopt=Abstract
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DSM-III implications of the diagnoses of catatonia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ries RK. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985 December; 142(12): 1471-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4073315&dopt=Abstract
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DSM-IV mania symptoms in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention-deficit hyperactive and normal controls. Author(s): Geller B, Zimerman B, Williams M, Delbello MP, Bolhofner K, Craney JL, Frazier J, Beringer L, Nickelsburg MJ. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2002 Spring; 12(1): 11-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12014591&dopt=Abstract
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Early and late onset bipolar disorders: two different forms of manic-depressive illness? Author(s): Schurhoff F, Bellivier F, Jouvent R, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Bouvard M, Allilaire JF, Leboyer M. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 June; 58(3): 215-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10802130&dopt=Abstract
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Early parental separation experiences among patients with bipolar disorder and major depression: a case-control study. Author(s): Furukawa TA, Ogura A, Hirai T, Fujihara S, Kitamura T, Takahashi K. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 January-March; 52(1-3): 85-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10357021&dopt=Abstract
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ECNP Consensus Meeting March 2000 Nice: guidelines for investigating efficacy in bipolar disorder. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Author(s): Montgomery DB; European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 February; 11(1): 79-88. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11300094&dopt=Abstract
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ECT as an alternative to lithium for preventive treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kellner C, Batterson JR, Monroe R. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990 July; 147(7): 953. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2356888&dopt=Abstract
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ECT as prophylactic treatment for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Abrams R. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990 March; 147(3): 373-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2309965&dopt=Abstract
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Effect of catecholamine depletion on lithium-induced long-term remission of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Anand A, Darnell A, Miller HL, Berman RM, Cappiello A, Oren DA, Woods SW, Charney DS. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 April 15; 45(8): 972-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10386179&dopt=Abstract
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Effect of different recruitment sources on the composition of a bipolar disorder case registry. Author(s): Scholle SH, Peele PB, Kelleher KJ, Frank E, Jansen-McWilliams L, Kupfer D. Source: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2000 May; 35(5): 220-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10941997&dopt=Abstract
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Effect of number of episodes on wellbeing and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): MacQueen GM, Young LT, Robb JC, Marriott M, Cooke RG, Joffe RT. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2000 May; 101(5): 374-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10823297&dopt=Abstract
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Effect of pregnancy on three patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sharma V, Persad E. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1995 March; 7(1): 39-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8541936&dopt=Abstract
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Effect size of lithium, divalproex sodium, and carbamazepine in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kowatch RA, Suppes T, Carmody TJ, Bucci JP, Hume JH, Kromelis M, Emslie GJ, Weinberg WA, Rush AJ. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000 June; 39(6): 713-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846305&dopt=Abstract
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Effective mood stabilization with a chelated mineral supplement: an open-label trial in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kaplan BJ, Simpson JS, Ferre RC, Gorman CP, McMullen DM, Crawford SG. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001 December; 62(12): 936-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11780873&dopt=Abstract
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Effectiveness and safety of long-term antidepressant treatment in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Lenox MS, Baldessarini RJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001 July; 62(7): 565-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11488370&dopt=Abstract
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Effectiveness of adjunctive gabapentin in resistant bipolar disorder: is it due to anxious-alcohol abuse comorbidity? Author(s): Perugi G, Toni C, Frare F, Ruffolo G, Moretti L, Torti C, Akiskal HS. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2002 December; 22(6): 584-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12454558&dopt=Abstract
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Effectiveness of ECT against delirium during an episode of bipolar disorder: a case report. Author(s): Hirose S, Horie T. Source: The Journal of Ect. 2000 September; 16(3): 316-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11005060&dopt=Abstract
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Effectiveness of psychosocial treatments in bipolar disorder: state of the evidence. Author(s): Huxley NA, Parikh SV, Baldessarini RJ. Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2000 September; 8(3): 126-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10973937&dopt=Abstract
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Effectiveness of quetiapine in the management of psychotic depression in an adolescent boy with bipolar disorder, mixed, with psychosis. Author(s): Catapano-Friedman L. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2001 Summer; 11(2): 2056. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11436963&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of divalproex versus lithium on length of hospital stay among patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Dalkilic A, Diaz E, Baker CB, Pearsall HR, Woods SW. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 2000 September; 51(9): 1184-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10970927&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of exogenous melatonin administration and withdrawal in five patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Leibenluft E, Feldman-Naim S, Turner EH, Wehr TA, Rosenthal NE. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997 September; 58(9): 383-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9378688&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of lithium on platelet membrane phosphoinositides in bipolar disorder patients: a pilot study. Author(s): Soares JC, Mallinger AG, Dippold CS, Forster Wells K, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Source: Psychopharmacology. 2000 March; 149(1): 12-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10789877&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of mood and subtype on cerebral glucose metabolism in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA, George MS, Dunn RT, Speer AM, Benson BE, Willis MW, Danielson A, Frye MA, Herscovitch P, Post RM. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2001 January 15; 49(2): 97-109. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11164756&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of psychoeducational intervention for married patients with bipolar disorder and their spouses. Author(s): Clarkin JF, Carpenter D, Hull J, Wilner P, Glick I. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 1998 April; 49(4): 531-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9550248&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of the rate of discontinuing lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Faedda GL, Suppes TR, Floris G, Rudas N. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1996 October; 57(10): 441-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8909329&dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy of lithium in mania and maintenance therapy of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Suppl 9: 35-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10826659&dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy of risperidone treatment for psychoses associated with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or senile dementia in 11 geriatric patients: a case series. Author(s): Madhusoodanan S, Brenner R, Araujo L, Abaza A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1995 November; 56(11): 514-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7592504&dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamic ventralis intermedius nucleus in a patient with bipolar disorder associated with Klinefelter syndrome and essential tremor. Case report. Author(s): Telfeian AE, Boockvar JA, Simuni T, Jaggi J, Skolnick B, Baltuch GH. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2000 July; 93(1): 127-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10883915&dopt=Abstract
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Eleven trinucleotide repeat loci that map to chromosome 12 excluded from involvement in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Franks E, Guy C, Jacobsen N, Bowen T, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Craddock N. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1999 February 5; 88(1): 67-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10050970&dopt=Abstract
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Emerging options in the treatment of bipolar disorders. Author(s): Berk M, Segal J, Janet L, Vorster M. Source: Drugs. 2001; 61(10): 1407-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11558830&dopt=Abstract
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Emerging trends in the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder: a selected review. Author(s): Post RM, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, Leverich GS, Dunn RT, Osuch EA, Speer AM, Obrocea G, Jajodia K. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 December; 2(4): 305-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252642&dopt=Abstract
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Employees suffering from bipolar disorder or clinical depression: fighting an uphill battle for protection under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Author(s): Blair DA. Source: Seton Hall Law Rev. 1999; 29(4): 1347-404. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10569909&dopt=Abstract
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Endophenotypes in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Lenox RH, Gould TD, Manji HK. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2002 May 8; 114(4): 391-406. Review. Erratum In: Am J Med Genet 2002 July 8; 114(5): 592. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11992561&dopt=Abstract
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Enhancing treatment of bipolar disorder using the patient's belief system. Author(s): Makela EH, Griffith RK. Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2003 April; 37(4): 543-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12659613&dopt=Abstract
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Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Agid O, Shapira B, Zislin J, Ritsner M, Hanin B, Murad H, Troudart T, Bloch M, Heresco-Levy U, Lerer B. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1999 March; 4(2): 163-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10208448&dopt=Abstract
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Environmental factors and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Peterson G. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995 January; 34(1): 4-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7726943&dopt=Abstract
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Epidemiological comparison of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Torrey EF. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1999 September 29; 39(2): 101-6; Discussion 159-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10507519&dopt=Abstract
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Episode sequence in bipolar disorder and response to lithium treatment. Author(s): Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, Strakowski SM, Waternaux C. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1991 September; 148(9): 1237-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1883005&dopt=Abstract
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Episodic tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism in bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Scappa S, Teverbaugh P, Ananth J. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1993 December; 38(10): 633-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7906192&dopt=Abstract
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Erythrocyte choline concentration in bipolar disorder: a predictor of clinical course and medication response. Author(s): Stoll AL, Cohen BM, Snyder MB, Hanin I. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1991 June 15; 29(12): 1171-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1888799&dopt=Abstract
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Ethical issues in bipolar disorders pedigree research: privacy concerns, informed consent, and grounds for waiver. Author(s): Parker LS. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 February; 4(1): 1-16. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12047491&dopt=Abstract
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European combined analysis of the CTG18.1 and the ERDA1 CAG/CTG repeats in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Del-Favero J, Gestel SV, Borglum AD, Muir W, Ewald H, Mors O, Ivezic S, Oruc L, Adolfsson R, Blackwood D, Kruse T, Mendlewicz J, Schalling M, Van Broeckhoven C. Source: European Journal of Human Genetics : Ejhg. 2002 April; 10(4): 276-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12032737&dopt=Abstract
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Evaluation of bipolar disorder in inpatients with prelingual deafness. Author(s): Shapira NA, DelBello MP, Goldsmith TD, Rosenberger BM, Keck PE Jr. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 August; 156(8): 1267-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10450272&dopt=Abstract
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Evaluation of thyroid function in patients with rapid-cycling and non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bartalena L, Pellegrini L, Meschi M, Antonangeli L, Bogazzi F, Dell'Osso L, Pinchera A, Placidi GF. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1990 October; 34(1): 13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2125129&dopt=Abstract
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Evidence for a role of phospholipase C-gamma1 in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Turecki G, Grof P, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Grof E, Ahrens B, Berghofer A, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Dvorakova M, Libigerova E, Vojtechovsky M, Zvolsky P, Joober R, Nilsson A, Prochazka H, Licht RW, Rasmussen NA, Schou M, Vestergaard P, Holzinger A, Schumann C, Thau K, Rouleau GA, Alda M. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1998 November; 3(6): 534-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9857980&dopt=Abstract
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Evidence for an allelic association between bipolar disorder and a Na+, K+ adenosine triphosphatase alpha subunit gene (ATP1A3). Author(s): Mynett-Johnson L, Murphy V, McCormack J, Shields DC, Claffey E, Manley P, McKeon P. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1998 July 1; 44(1): 47-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9646882&dopt=Abstract
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Evidence for linkage by transmission disequilibrium test analysis of a chromosome 22 microsatellite marker D22S278 and bipolar disorder in a Palestinian Arab population. Author(s): Mujaheed M, Corbex M, Lichtenberg P, Levinson DF, Deleuze JF, Mallet J, Ebstein RP. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 December 4; 96(6): 836-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121192&dopt=Abstract
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Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between the dopamine transporter and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Greenwood TA, Alexander M, Keck PE, McElroy S, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Kelsoe JR. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 March 8; 105(2): 145-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11304827&dopt=Abstract
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Evidence for linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 18 with a parent-of-origin effect. Author(s): Stine OC, Xu J, Koskela R, McMahon FJ, Gschwend M, Friddle C, Clark CD, McInnis MG, Simpson SG, Breschel TS, et al. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1995 December; 57(6): 1384-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8533768&dopt=Abstract
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Evidence of a predisposing locus to bipolar disorder on Xq24-q27.1 in an extended Finnish pedigree. Author(s): Pekkarinen P, Terwilliger J, Bredbacka PE, Lonnqvist J, Peltonen L. Source: Genome Research. 1995 September; 5(2): 105-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9132265&dopt=Abstract
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Evidence of chaotic mood variation in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gottschalk A, Bauer MS, Whybrow PC. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1995 November; 52(11): 947-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7487343&dopt=Abstract
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Evolutionary conserved microsatellites in the promoter region of the 5hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C gene (HTR2C) are not associated with bipolar disorder in females. Author(s): Meyer J, Saam W, Mossner R, Cangir O, Ortega GR, Tatschner T, Riederer P, Wienker TF, Lesch KP. Source: Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2002 May; 109(5-6): 93946. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12111480&dopt=Abstract
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Evolving methodologies in bipolar disorder maintenance research. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Rapport DJ, Shelton MD, Kimmel SE. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement. 2001 June; 41: S157-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11450177&dopt=Abstract
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Exclusion of CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat loci which map to chromosome 4 in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Speight G, Guy C, Bowen T, Asherson P, McGuffin P, Craddock N, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1997 April 18; 74(2): 204-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9129726&dopt=Abstract
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Exclusion of close linkage of bipolar disorder to dopamine D1 and D2 receptor gene markers. Author(s): Mitchell P, Selbie L, Waters B, Donald J, Vivero C, Tully M, Shine J. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1992 May; 25(1): 1-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1385598&dopt=Abstract
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Exclusion of close linkage of bipolar disorder to the dopamine D3 receptor gene in nine Australian pedigrees. Author(s): Mitchell P, Waters B, Vivero C, Le F, Donald J, Tully M, Campedelli K, Lannfelt L, Sokoloff P, Shine J, et al. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1993 April; 27(4): 213-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8509522&dopt=Abstract
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Exclusion of close linkage of bipolar disorder to the Gs-alpha subunit gene in nine Australian pedigrees. Author(s): Le F, Mitchell P, Vivero C, Waters B, Donald J, Selbie LA, Shine J, Schofield P. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1994 November; 32(3): 187-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7531727&dopt=Abstract
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Exclusion of expansion of 50 CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeats in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Guy C, Bowen T, Daniels JK, Speight G, McKeon P, Mynett-Johnson L, Claffey E, McGuffin P, Owen MJ, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 August; 154(8): 1146-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9247404&dopt=Abstract
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Exclusion of the Darier's disease gene, ATP2A2, as a common susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Jacobsen NJ, Franks EK, Elvidge G, Jones I, McCandless F, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Craddock N. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2001 January; 6(1): 92-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11244492&dopt=Abstract
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Executive function in patients with remitted bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and its relationship with functional outcome. Author(s): Martinez-Aran A, Penades R, Vieta E, Colom F, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Salamero M, Gasto C. Source: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2002 January-February; 71(1): 39-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11740167&dopt=Abstract
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Family-focused treatment versus individual treatment for bipolar disorder: results of a randomized clinical trial. Author(s): Rea MM, Tompson MC, Miklowitz DJ, Goldstein MJ, Hwang S, Mintz J. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2003 June; 71(3): 482-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12795572&dopt=Abstract
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Fibromyalgia in a woman with bipolar disorder, manic phase. Author(s): Hale AA, Stern SL, Wongsam PE. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1986 August; 143(8): 1064. Erratum In: Am J Psychiatry 1987 March; 144(3): 396. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3460356&dopt=Abstract
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Fine mapping supports previous linkage evidence for a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on 13q32. Author(s): Liu C, Badner JA, Christian SL, Guroff JJ, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Gershon ES. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 May 8; 105(4): 375-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11378853&dopt=Abstract
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First episode bipolar disorder: systematic comparison of incidence with other affective and non-affective psychoses among an epidemiologically complete, rural population. Author(s): Baldwin PA, Scully PJ, Quinn JF, Morgan MG, Kinsella A, O'Callaghan E, Owens JM, Waddington JL. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 39-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479675&dopt=Abstract
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First International Exchange on Bipolar Disorder. Author(s): Montgomery SA, Keck PE. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 September; 59 Suppl 1: S81-S88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121829&dopt=Abstract
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First-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses in a rural Irish catchment area: incidence and gender in the Cavan-Monaghan study at 5 years. Author(s): Scully PJ, Quinn JF, Morgan MG, Kinsella A, O'Callaghan E, Owens JM, Waddington JL. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement. 2002 September; 43: S3-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12271797&dopt=Abstract
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Fish oils and bipolar disorder: a promising but untested treatment. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Rapport DJ, Shelton MD. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999 May; 56(5): 413-4; Discussion 415-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10232295&dopt=Abstract
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Fluoxetine and bupropion treatment of bipolar disorder, type II, associated with GAD. Author(s): Novac A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1992 February; 53(2): 67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1541607&dopt=Abstract
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Frontal lobe differences in bipolar disorder as determined by proton MR spectroscopy. Author(s): Cecil KM, DelBello MP, Morey R, Strakowski SM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 December; 4(6): 357-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12519095&dopt=Abstract
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Frontostriatal abnormalities in adolescents with bipolar disorder: preliminary observations from functional MRI. Author(s): Blumberg HP, Martin A, Kaufman J, Leung HC, Skudlarski P, Lacadie C, Fulbright RK, Gore JC, Charney DS, Krystal JH, Peterson BS. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 July; 160(7): 1345-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12832254&dopt=Abstract
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Frontotemporal neural systems in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Blumberg HP, Charney DS, Krystal JH. Source: Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2002 October; 7(4): 243-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12382207&dopt=Abstract
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Functional impairment and cognition in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zarate CA Jr, Tohen M, Land M, Cavanagh S. Source: The Psychiatric Quarterly. 2000 Winter; 71(4): 309-29. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11025910&dopt=Abstract
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Further distinctions between manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder) and primary depressive disorder (unipolar depression) Author(s): Winokur G, Coryell W, Endicott J, Akiskal H. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993 August; 150(8): 1176-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8328560&dopt=Abstract
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Further evidence for age of onset being an indicator for severity in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schulze TG, Muller DJ, Krauss H, Gross M, Fangerau-Lefevre H, Illes F, Ohlraun S, Cichon S, Held T, Propping P, Nothen MM, Maier W, Rietschel M. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 April; 68(2-3): 343-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12063163&dopt=Abstract
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Gabapentin and lamotrigine in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Botts SR, Raskind J. Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : Ajhp : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 1999 October 1; 56(19): 1939-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10554911&dopt=Abstract
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Gabapentin and lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Dopheide JA, Wincor MZ. Source: Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996). 1998 September-October; 38(5): 632-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9782699&dopt=Abstract
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Gabapentin and methylphenidate treatment of a preadolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hamrin V, Bailey K. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2001 Fall; 11(3): 301-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11642481&dopt=Abstract
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Gabapentin in bipolar disorder: a placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive therapy. Gabapentin Bipolar Disorder Study Group. Author(s): Pande AC, Crockatt JG, Janney CA, Werth JL, Tsaroucha G. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 September; 2(3 Pt 2): 249-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11249802&dopt=Abstract
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Gabapentin in the acute treatment of refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): Altshuler LL, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Suppes T, Brown ES, Denicoff K, Frye M, Gitlin M, Hwang S, Goodman R, Leverich G, Nolen W, Kupka R, Post R. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 September; 1(1): 61-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256659&dopt=Abstract
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Gabapentin in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schaffer CB, Schaffer LC. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 February; 154(2): 291-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9016291&dopt=Abstract
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Gabapentin treatment for bipolar disorders. Author(s): Maidment ID. Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2001 October; 35(10): 1264-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11675857&dopt=Abstract
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Gasoline inhalation dependence and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Duggal HS, Sinha BN, Nizamie SH. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 June; 34(3): 531-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10881985&dopt=Abstract
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Gender differences in prevalence, risk, and clinical correlates of alcoholism comorbidity in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frye MA, Altshuler LL, McElroy SL, Suppes T, Keck PE, Denicoff K, Nolen WA, Kupka R, Leverich GS, Pollio C, Grunze H, Walden J, Post RM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 May; 160(5): 883-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12727691&dopt=Abstract
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Gene identification using exon amplification on human chromosome 18q21: implications for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Chen H, Huo Y, Patel S, Zhu X, Swift-Scanlan T, Reeves RH, DePaulo R Jr, Ross CA, McInnis MG. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 September; 5(5): 502-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11032383&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic advances in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Carlson-Sabelli L, Lessick M. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2001 June-July; 5(3): 34-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11982261&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic analysis of a functional GRIN2A promoter (GT)n repeat in bipolar disorder pedigrees in humans. Author(s): Itokawa M, Yamada K, Iwayama-Shigeno Y, Ishitsuka Y, Detera-Wadleigh S, Yoshikawa T. Source: Neuroscience Letters. 2003 July 10; 345(1): 53-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12809987&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic analysis of bipolar disorder: summary of GAW10. Author(s): Rice J. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 549-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433542&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic linkage and bipolar disorder: a cautionary note. Author(s): Baron M. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 December; 67(1-3): 267-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11869776&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic linkage studies in bipolar disorder: a review. Author(s): Mellon CD. Source: Psychiatr Dev. 1989 Summer; 7(2): 143-58. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2695923&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic linkage study of bipolar disorder and the serotonin transporter. Author(s): Kelsoe JR, Remick RA, Sadovnick AD, Kristbjarnarson H, Flodman P, Spence MA, Morison M, Mroczkowski-Parker Z, Bergesch P, Rapaport MH, Mirow AL, Blakely RD, Helgason T, Egeland JA. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996 April 9; 67(2): 215-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8723051&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic mapping using haplotype, association and linkage methods suggests a locus for severe bipolar disorder (BPI) at 18q22-q23. Author(s): Freimer NB, Reus VI, Escamilla MA, McInnes LA, Spesny M, Leon P, Service SK, Smith LB, Silva S, Rojas E, Gallegos A, Meza L, Fournier E, Baharloo S, Blankenship K, Tyler DJ, Batki S, Vinogradov S, Weissenbach J, Barondes SH, Sandkuijl LA. Source: Nature Genetics. 1996 April; 12(4): 436-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8630501&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic refinement and physical mapping of a chromosome 18q candidate region for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Verheyen GR, Villafuerte SM, Del-Favero J, Souery D, Mendlewicz J, Van Broeckhoven C, Raeymaekers P. Source: European Journal of Human Genetics : Ejhg. 1999 May-June; 7(4): 427-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10352933&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cohn CK. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 October; 154(10): 1484. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9326854&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic studies of bipolar disorders: new and recurrent findings. Author(s): Berrettini W. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1996 July; 1(3): 172-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9118336&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic survival analysis of age-at-onset of bipolar disorder: evidence for anticipation or cohort effect in families. Author(s): Visscher PM, Yazdi MH, Jackson AD, Schalling M, Lindblad K, Yuan QP, Porteous D, Muir WJ, Blackwood DH. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2001 September; 11(3): 129-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11702054&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic variation in the 5-HT5A receptor gene in patients with bipolar disorder and major depression. Author(s): Arias B, Collier DA, Gasto C, Pintor L, Gutierrez B, Valles V, Fananas L. Source: Neuroscience Letters. 2001 May 4; 303(2): 111-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11311505&dopt=Abstract
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Genetics and etiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Meltzer HY. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 February 1; 47(3): 171-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10682214&dopt=Abstract
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Genetics of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Craddock N, Jones I. Source: Journal of Medical Genetics. 1999 August; 36(8): 585-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10465107&dopt=Abstract
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Genome scan for susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bailer U, Leisch F, Meszaros K, Lenzinger E, Willinger U, Strobl R, Heiden A, Gebhardt C, Doge E, Fuchs K, Sieghart W, Kasper S, Hornik K, Aschauer HN. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2002 July 1; 52(1): 40-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12079729&dopt=Abstract
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Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part I: Methods and power analysis. Author(s): Levinson DF, Levinson MD, Segurado R, Lewis CM. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003 July; 73(1): 17-33. Epub 2003 June 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802787&dopt=Abstract
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Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II: Schizophrenia. Author(s): Lewis CM, Levinson DF, Wise LH, DeLisi LE, Straub RE, Hovatta I, Williams NM, Schwab SG, Pulver AE, Faraone SV, Brzustowicz LM, Kaufmann CA, Garver DL, Gurling HM, Lindholm E, Coon H, Moises HW, Byerley W, Shaw SH, Mesen A, Sherrington R, O'Neill FA, Walsh D, Kendler KS, Ekelund J, Paunio T, Lonnqvist J, Peltonen L, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Wildenauer DB, Maier W, Nestadt G, Blouin JL, Antonarakis SE, Mowry BJ, Silverman JM, Crowe RR, Cloninger CR, Tsuang MT, Malaspina D, Harkavy-Friedman JM, Svrakic DM, Bassett AS, Holcomb J, Kalsi G, McQuillin A, Brynjolfson J, Sigmundsson T, Petursson H, Jazin E, Zoega T, Helgason T. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003 July; 73(1): 34-48. Epub 2003 June 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802786&dopt=Abstract
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Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part III: Bipolar disorder. Author(s): Segurado R, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Levinson DF, Lewis CM, Gill M, Nurnberger JI Jr, Craddock N, DePaulo JR, Baron M, Gershon ES, Ekholm J, Cichon S, Turecki G, Claes S, Kelsoe JR, Schofield PR, Badenhop RF, Morissette J, Coon H, Blackwood D, McInnes LA, Foroud T, Edenberg HJ, Reich T, Rice JP, Goate A, McInnis MG, McMahon FJ, Badner JA, Goldin LR, Bennett P, Willour VL, Zandi PP, Liu J, Gilliam C, Juo SH, Berrettini WH, Yoshikawa T, Peltonen L, Lonnqvist J, Nothen MM, Schumacher J, Windemuth C, Rietschel M, Propping P, Maier W, Alda M, Grof P, Rouleau GA, Del-Favero J, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J, Adolfsson R, Spence MA, Luebbert H, Adams LJ, Donald JA, Mitchell PB, Barden N, Shink E, Byerley W, Muir W, Visscher PM, Macgregor S, Gurling H, Kalsi G, McQuillin A, Escamilla MA, Reus VI, Leon P, Freimer NB, Ewald H, Kruse TA, Mors O, Radhakrishna U, Blouin JL, Antonarakis SE, Akarsu N. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003 July; 73(1): 49-62. Epub 2003 June 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802785&dopt=Abstract
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Genomewide linkage analyses of bipolar disorder: a new sample of 250 pedigrees from the National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative. Author(s): Dick DM, Foroud T, Flury L, Bowman ES, Miller MJ, Rau NL, Moe PR, Samavedy N, El-Mallakh R, Manji H, Glitz DA, Meyer ET, Smiley C, Hahn R, Widmark C, McKinney R, Sutton L, Ballas C, Grice D, Berrettini W, Byerley W, Coryell W, DePaulo R, MacKinnon DF, Gershon ES, Kelsoe JR, McMahon FJ, McInnis M, Murphy DL, Reich T, Scheftner W, Nurnberger JI Jr. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003 July; 73(1): 107-14. Epub 2003 May 27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12772088&dopt=Abstract
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Genomewide linkage disequilibrium mapping of severe bipolar disorder in a population isolate. Author(s): Ophoff RA, Escamilla MA, Service SK, Spesny M, Meshi DB, Poon W, Molina J, Fournier E, Gallegos A, Mathews C, Neylan T, Batki SL, Roche E, Ramirez M, Silva S, De Mille MC, Dong P, Leon PE, Reus VI, Sandkuijl LA, Freimer NB. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2002 September; 71(3): 565-74. Epub 2002 July 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12119601&dopt=Abstract
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Getting balance: drugs for bipolar disorder share target. Author(s): Coyle JT, Manji HK. Source: Nature Medicine. 2002 June; 8(6): 557-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12042799&dopt=Abstract
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Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Burd L, Kerbeshian J. Source: Archives of Neurology. 1984 December; 41(12): 1236. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6594084&dopt=Abstract
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Goals for research on bipolar disorder: the view from NIMH. Author(s): Hyman SE. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 436-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018216&dopt=Abstract
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Group cognitive behavioral therapy for bipolar disorder: a feasibility and effectiveness study. Author(s): Patelis-Siotis I, Young LT, Robb JC, Marriott M, Bieling PJ, Cox LC, Joffe RT. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 July; 65(2): 145-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11356238&dopt=Abstract
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Group therapy effective for bipolar disorder. Education-based therapy may help avert relapses. Author(s): Dubovsky SL. Source: Health News. 2003 June; 9(6): 4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12793397&dopt=Abstract
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Group therapy for patients with bipolar disorder and substance dependence: results of a pilot study. Author(s): Weiss RD, Griffin ML, Greenfield SF, Najavits LM, Wyner D, Soto JA, Hennen JA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000 May; 61(5): 361-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10847311&dopt=Abstract
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Group therapy in addition to lithium therapy in patients with bipolar disorders. Author(s): van Gent EM, Vida SL, Zwart FM. Source: Acta Psychiatr Belg. 1988; 88(5-6): 405-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3274891&dopt=Abstract
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Haptoglobin phenotypes and gene frequencies in bipolar disorder: an association study in family-history subgroups. Author(s): Fananas L, Moral P, Gutierrez B, Guillamat R, Valles V, Campillo M, Gutierrez-Pacheco B, Lutken N, Bertranpetit J. Source: Human Heredity. 1997 January-February; 47(1): 27-32. Erratum In: Hum Hered 1997 May-June; 47(3): 172. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9017976&dopt=Abstract
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Have we undersold lithium for bipolar disorder? Author(s): Pies R. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2002 October; 22(5): 445-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12352265&dopt=Abstract
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Head injury, bipolar disorder, and response to valproate. Author(s): Pope HG Jr, McElroy SL, Satlin A, Hudson JI, Keck PE Jr, Kalish R. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1988 January-February; 29(1): 34-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3125002&dopt=Abstract
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Health care utilization and costs among patients treated for bipolar disorder in an insured population. Author(s): Simon GE, Unutzer J. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 1999 October; 50(10): 1303-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10506298&dopt=Abstract
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Health values of patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Tsevat J, Keck PE, Hornung RW, McElroy SL. Source: Quality of Life Research : an International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation. 2000; 9(5): 579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11190012&dopt=Abstract
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Health-related quality of life assessment in euthymic and depressed patients with bipolar disorder. Psychometric performance of four self-report measures. Author(s): Leidy NK, Palmer C, Murray M, Robb J, Revicki DA. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 March; 48(2-3): 207-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9543211&dopt=Abstract
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Health-related quality of life using the SF-36 in patients with bipolar disorder compared with patients with chronic back pain and the general population. Author(s): Arnold LM, Witzeman KA, Swank ML, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 January-March; 57(1-3): 235-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10708837&dopt=Abstract
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Hemispheric asymmetry in depression and mania. A longitudinal QEEG study in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Koek RJ, Yerevanian BI, Tachiki KH, Smith JC, Alcock J, Kopelowicz A. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 May; 53(2): 109-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10360405&dopt=Abstract
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Heterogeneity of childhood conduct disorder: further evidence of a subtype of conduct disorder linked to bipolar disorder. Author(s): Wozniak J, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Blier H, Monuteaux MC. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 May; 64(2-3): 121-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11313079&dopt=Abstract
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High numbers of circulating activated T cells and raised levels of serum IL-2 receptor in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Breunis MN, Kupka RW, Nolen WA, Suppes T, Denicoff KD, Leverich GS, Post RM, Drexhage HA. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 January 15; 53(2): 157-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12547472&dopt=Abstract
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High rate of autoimmune thyroiditis in bipolar disorder: lack of association with lithium exposure. Author(s): Kupka RW, Nolen WA, Post RM, McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Denicoff KD, Frye MA, Keck PE Jr, Leverich GS, Rush AJ, Suppes T, Pollio C, Drexhage HA. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2002 February 15; 51(4): 305-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11958781&dopt=Abstract
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High-dose T4 for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Weeston TF, Constantino J. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996 February; 35(2): 131-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8720620&dopt=Abstract
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Hippocampal synaptic pathology in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression: a study of complexin mRNAs. Author(s): Eastwood SL, Harrison PJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 July; 5(4): 425-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10889554&dopt=Abstract
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Historical perspectives and natural history of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Angst J, Sellaro R. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 445-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018218&dopt=Abstract
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History of the development of valproate for treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL, McElroy SL. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1995; 56 Suppl 3: 3-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7883740&dopt=Abstract
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How do inpatients with bipolar disorder evaluate diagnostically homogeneous groups? Author(s): Pollack LE. Source: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 1993 October; 31(10): 26-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8254572&dopt=Abstract
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How effective is lithium in the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder? A prospective naturalistic follow-up study. Author(s): Silverstone T, McPherson H, Hunt N, Romans S. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 February; 32(1): 616. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9565184&dopt=Abstract
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Human G(olf) gene polymorphisms and vulnerability to bipolar disorder. Author(s): Berrettini WH, Vuoristo J, Ferraro TN, Buono RJ, Wildenauer D, Ala-Kokko L. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1998 Winter; 8(4): 235-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9861642&dopt=Abstract
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Human leukocyte antigen alleles in patients with bipolar disorder in the Korean population. Author(s): Jun TY, Pae CU, Chae JH, Pyo CW, Han H. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2002 August; 56(4): 453-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12109964&dopt=Abstract
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Hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance images in bipolar disorder. Author(s): McDonald WM, Tupler LA, Marsteller FA, Figiel GS, DiSouza S, Nemeroff CB, Krishnan KR. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 April 15; 45(8): 965-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10386178&dopt=Abstract
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I-123 iofetamine single-photon computed emission tomography in rapid cycling bipolar disorder: a clinical study. Author(s): Gyulai L, Alavi A, Broich K, Reilley J, Ball WB, Whybrow PC. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1997 January 15; 41(2): 152-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9018385&dopt=Abstract
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Identification of three polymorphisms in the translated region of PLC-gamma1 and their investigation in lithium responsive bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ftouhi-Paquin N, Alda M, Grof P, Chretien N, Rouleau G, Turecki G. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 April 8; 105(3): 301-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11353454&dopt=Abstract
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Identifying bipolar disorders in individuals with intellectual disability. Author(s): Cain NN, Davidson PW, Burhan AM, Andolsek ME, Baxter JT, Sullivan L, Florescue H, List A, Deutsch L. Source: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : Jidr. 2003 January; 47(Pt 1): 31-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12558693&dopt=Abstract
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Imaging studies reveal brain changes in children with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Vastag B. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003 April 23-30; 289(16): 2057. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12709448&dopt=Abstract
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Immune activation, steroid resistancy and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kupka RW, Breunis MN, Knijff E, Ruwhof C, Nolen WA, Drexhage HA. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 73-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479684&dopt=Abstract
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Immunohistochemical localization of phosphorylated glial fibrillary acidic protein in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Author(s): Webster MJ, Knable MB, Johnston-Wilson N, Nagata K, Inagaki M, Yolken RH. Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2001 December; 15(4): 388-400. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11782105&dopt=Abstract
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Immunohistochemical localization of the cell adhesion molecules Thy-1 and L1 in the human prefrontal cortex patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Author(s): Webster MJ, Vawter MP, Freed WJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1999 January; 4(1): 46-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10089008&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of an easy-access VA clinic-based program for patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bauer MS, McBride L, Shea N, Gavin C, Holden F, Kendall S. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 1997 April; 48(4): 491-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9090732&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of bipolar disorder on a U.S. community sample. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Hirschfeld RM, Reed M, Davies MA, Frye MA, Keck PE, Lewis L, McElroy SL, McNulty JP, Wagner KD. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 April; 64(4): 425-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12716245&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of early onset bipolar disorder on family functioning: adolescents' perceptions of family dynamics, communication, and problems. Author(s): Robertson HA, Kutcher SP, Bird D, Grasswick L. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 September; 66(1): 25-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11532530&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of substance abuse on the course and treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Salloum IM, Thase ME. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 September; 2(3 Pt 2): 269-80. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11249805&dopt=Abstract
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Implications of comorbidity for genetic studies of bipolar disorder: P300 and eye tracking as biological markers for illness. Author(s): Blackwood DH, Sharp CW, Walker MT, Doody GA, Glabus MF, Muir WJ. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement. 1996 June; (30): 85-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8864153&dopt=Abstract
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Improving identification of treatment effectiveness in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Bowden CL. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2003 April; 5(2): 77-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12680895&dopt=Abstract
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Improving relationships. Groups for inpatients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pollack LE. Source: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 1990 May; 28(5): 17-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2348415&dopt=Abstract
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Improving the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Berber MJ. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1998 May; 43(4): 422. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9598284&dopt=Abstract
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Impulsivity and phase of illness in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Swann AC, Pazzaglia P, Nicholls A, Dougherty DM, Moeller FG. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003 January; 73(1-2): 105-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12507743&dopt=Abstract
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In vivo D2 dopamine receptor density in psychotic and nonpsychotic patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pearlson GD, Wong DF, Tune LE, Ross CA, Chase GA, Links JM, Dannals RF, Wilson AA, Ravert HT, Wagner HN Jr, et al. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1995 June; 52(6): 471-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7771917&dopt=Abstract
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Increased gray matter volume in lithium-treated bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Sassi RB, Nicoletti M, Brambilla P, Mallinger AG, Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Keshavan MS, Soares JC. Source: Neuroscience Letters. 2002 August 30; 329(2): 243-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12165422&dopt=Abstract
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Increased hippocampal supragranular Timm staining in subjects with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Dowlatshahi D, MacQueen G, Wang JF, Chen B, Young LT. Source: Neuroreport. 2000 November 27; 11(17): 3775-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11117489&dopt=Abstract
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Increased levels of a mitochondrial DNA deletion in the brain of patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kato T, Stine OC, McMahon FJ, Crowe RR. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1997 November 15; 42(10): 871-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9359971&dopt=Abstract
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Increased motor activity and recurrent manic episodes: predictors of rapid relapse in remitted bipolar disorder patients after lithium discontinuation. Author(s): Klein E, Lavie P, Meiraz R, Sadeh A, Lenox RH. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1992 February 1; 31(3): 279-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1547301&dopt=Abstract
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Increased presence of white matter hyperintensities in adolescent patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pillai JJ, Friedman L, Stuve TA, Trinidad S, Jesberger JA, Lewin JS, Findling RL, Swales TP, Schulz SC. Source: Psychiatry Research. 2002 February 15; 114(1): 51-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11864809&dopt=Abstract
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Inducing lifestyle regularity in recovering bipolar disorder patients: results from the maintenance therapies in bipolar disorder protocol. Author(s): Frank E, Hlastala S, Ritenour A, Houck P, Tu XM, Monk TH, Mallinger AG, Kupfer DJ. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1997 June 15; 41(12): 1165-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9171907&dopt=Abstract
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Induction of mania and cycle acceleration in bipolar disorder: effect of different classes of antidepressant. Author(s): Joffe RT, MacQueen GM, Marriott M, Robb J, Begin H, Young LT. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2002 June; 105(6): 427-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12059846&dopt=Abstract
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Infection, treatment and immune response in patients with bipolar disorder versus patients with major depression, schizophrenia or healthy controls. Author(s): Hinze-Selch D. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 81-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479687&dopt=Abstract
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Influence of season and latitude in a community sample of subjects with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schaffer A, Levitt AJ, Boyle M. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2003 May; 48(4): 277-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12776396&dopt=Abstract
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Information processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a discriminant analysis. Author(s): Tam WC, Sewell KW, Deng HC. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1998 October; 186(10): 597-603. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9788635&dopt=Abstract
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Informational needs of patients hospitalized for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pollack LE. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 1995 November; 46(11): 1191-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8564512&dopt=Abstract
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Information-processing anomalies in the early course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Neuchterlein KH, Dawson ME, Ventura J, Miklowitz D, Konishi G. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1991 October; 5(3): 195-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1760392&dopt=Abstract
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Initial genome screen for bipolar disorder in the NIMH genetics initiative pedigrees: chromosomes 2, 11, 13, 14, and X. Author(s): Stine OC, McMahon FJ, Chen L, Xu J, Meyers DA, MacKinnon DF, Simpson S, McInnis MG, Rice JP, Goate A, Reich T, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Nurnberger JI Jr, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Goldin LR, Guroff J, Gershon ES, Blehar MC, DePaulo JR. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1997 May 31; 74(3): 263-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9184308&dopt=Abstract
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Inositol monophosphatase in immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines indicates susceptibility to bipolar disorder and response to lithium therapy. Author(s): Shamir A, Ebstein RP, Nemanov L, Zohar A, Belmaker RH, Agam G. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1998 November; 3(6): 481-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9857972&dopt=Abstract
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Inositol monophosphatase inhibitors: a novel treatment for bipolar disorder? Author(s): Atack JR. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1995 June 1; 37(11): 761-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7647160&dopt=Abstract
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Inositol monophosphatase--a putative target for Li+ in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Atack JR, Broughton HB, Pollack SJ. Source: Trends in Neurosciences. 1995 August; 18(8): 343-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7482796&dopt=Abstract
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Inpatient self-management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pollack LE. Source: Applied Nursing Research : Anr. 1996 May; 9(2): 71-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8871434&dopt=Abstract
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Inpatients with bipolar disorder: their quest to understand. Author(s): Pollack LE. Source: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 1996 June; 34(6): 19-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8780977&dopt=Abstract
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Insurance expenditures on bipolar disorder: clinical and parity implications. Author(s): Peele PB, Xu Y, Kupfer DJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 July; 160(7): 1286-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12832243&dopt=Abstract
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Integrated family and individual therapy for bipolar disorder: results of a treatment development study. Author(s): Miklowitz DJ, Richards JA, George EL, Frank E, Suddath RL, Powell KB, Sacher JA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 February; 64(2): 182-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12633127&dopt=Abstract
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Integration of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Rothbaum BO, Astin MC. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Suppl 9: 68-75. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10826664&dopt=Abstract
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Integration of suicide prevention into outpatient management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sachs GS, Yan LJ, Swann AC, Allen MH. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001; 62 Suppl 25: 3-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11765093&dopt=Abstract
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Inter-episodic morbidity and drop-out under carbamazepine and lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kleindienst N, Greil W. Source: Psychological Medicine. 2002 April; 32(3): 493-501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11989994&dopt=Abstract
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Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: managing the chaos of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frank E, Swartz HA, Kupfer DJ. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 593-604. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018230&dopt=Abstract
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Intracellular phosphatidylinositol pathway abnormalities in bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Soares JC, Mallinger AG. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1997; 33(4): 685-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9493480&dopt=Abstract
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Intrafamilial association of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9, inv (9)(p11-q21), and rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): McCandless F, Jones I, Harper K, Craddock N. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1998 Winter; 8(4): 259-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9861647&dopt=Abstract
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Introduction: Special issue on the genetics of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Nimgaonkar VL, Alda M. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 December; 3(6): 267-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11843776&dopt=Abstract
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Investigation of Notch3 as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder using brain hyperintensities as an endophenotype. Author(s): Ahearn EP, Speer MC, Chen YT, Steffens DC, Cassidy F, Van Meter S, Provenzale JM, Weisler RH, Krishnan KR. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2002 August 8; 114(6): 652-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12210282&dopt=Abstract
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Is bipolar disorder a risk for cigarette smoking in ADHD youth? Author(s): Wilens TE, Biederman J, Milberger S, Hahesy AL, Goldman S, Wozniak J, Spencer TJ. Source: The American Journal on Addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions. 2000 Summer; 9(3): 187-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11000914&dopt=Abstract
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Is bipolar disorder linked to Xq28? Author(s): Bocchetta A, Piccardi MP, Del Zompo M. Source: Nature Genetics. 1994 March; 6(3): 224. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8012380&dopt=Abstract
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Is bipolar disorder specifically associated with panic disorder in youths? Author(s): Birmaher B, Kennah A, Brent D, Ehmann M, Bridge J, Axelson D. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 May; 63(5): 414-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12019666&dopt=Abstract
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Is bipolar disorder still underdiagnosed? Are antidepressants overutilized? Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS, Chiou AM, Pandurangi AK, Goodwin K. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 January-March; 52(1-3): 135-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10357026&dopt=Abstract
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Is bipolar disorder the most common diagnostic entity in hospitalized adolescents and children? Author(s): Isaac G. Source: Adolescence. 1995 Summer; 30(118): 273-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7676865&dopt=Abstract
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Is delusional depression related to bipolar disorder? Author(s): Weissman MM, Prusoff BA, Merikangas KR. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1984 July; 141(7): 892-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6731641&dopt=Abstract
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Is it time to have another look at lithium maintenance therapy in bipolar disorder? Author(s): Akhondzadeh S, Emamian ES, Ahmadi-Abhari A, Shabestari O, Dadgarnejad M. Source: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 1999 August; 23(6): 1011-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10621946&dopt=Abstract
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Is lithium response related to G(s)alpha levels in transformed lymphoblasts from subjects with bipolar disorder? Author(s): Alda M, Keller D, Grof E, Turecki G, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Rouleau GA, Grof P, Young LT. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 July; 65(2): 117-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11356234&dopt=Abstract
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Is the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase the link between phosphoinositide metabolism and bipolar disorder? Author(s): el-Mallakh RS, Li R. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1993 Fall; 5(4): 3618. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8286932&dopt=Abstract
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Is there a familial overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Author(s): Somnath CP, Janardhan Reddy YC, Jain S. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 December; 72(3): 243-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12450641&dopt=Abstract
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Is there a relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder? Author(s): Kent L, Craddock N. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003 February; 73(3): 211-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12547289&dopt=Abstract
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Is there a specific membrane defect in bipolar disorders? Author(s): Meltzer HL. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1991 December 1; 30(11): 1071-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1663790&dopt=Abstract
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Is winter depression a bipolar disorder? Author(s): White DM, Lewy AJ, Sack RL, Blood ML, Wesche DL. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1990 May-June; 31(3): 196-204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2340714&dopt=Abstract
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Isolation of a novel potassium channel gene hSKCa3 containing a polymorphic CAG repeat: a candidate for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Author(s): Chandy KG, Fantino E, Wittekindt O, Kalman K, Tong LL, Ho TH, Gutman GA, Crocq MA, Ganguli R, Nimgaonkar V, Morris-Rosendahl DJ, Gargus JJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1998 January; 3(1): 32-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9491810&dopt=Abstract
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Isolation of chromosome 18-specific brain transcripts as positional candidates for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yoshikawa T, Sanders AR, Esterling LE, Overhauser J, Garnes JA, Lennon G, Grewal R, Detera-Wadleigh SD. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1997 April 18; 74(2): 140-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9129712&dopt=Abstract
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Isotretinoin treatment of a woman with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cott AD, Wisner KL. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1999 June; 60(6): 407-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10401921&dopt=Abstract
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Juvenile bipolar disorder in Brazil: clinical and treatment findings. Author(s): Tramontina S, Schmitz M, Polanczyk G, Rohde LA. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 1043-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788249&dopt=Abstract
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Juvenile bipolar disorder. Author(s): Reddy YC, Srinath S. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2000 September; 102(3): 162-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11008850&dopt=Abstract
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Juvenile onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hechtman L, Greenfield B. Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 1997 August; 9(4): 346-53. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9300191&dopt=Abstract
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Key issues in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorders. Author(s): Potter WZ. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1996 April; 16(2 Suppl 1): 1S-3S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8707995&dopt=Abstract
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Kindling and second messengers: an approach to the neurobiology of recurrence in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Boiman EE, Goodwin FK. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 January 15; 45(2): 137-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9951560&dopt=Abstract
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Kindling in bipolar disorders: a longitudinal follow-up study. Author(s): Goldberg JF, Harrow M. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1994 January 1; 35(1): 70-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7909451&dopt=Abstract
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Lack of association between bipolar disorder and tyrosine hydroxylase: a metaanalysis. Author(s): Turecki G, Rouleau GA, Mari J, Joober R, Morgan K. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1997 July 25; 74(4): 348-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9259367&dopt=Abstract
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Lack of evidence for a major locus for bipolar disorder in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 18 in Irish pedigrees. Author(s): Mynett-Johnson LA, Murphy VE, Manley P, Shields DC, McKeon P. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1997 September 15; 42(6): 486-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9285084&dopt=Abstract
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Lack of insight in bipolar disorder. The acute manic episode. Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Stoll AL, Pope HG Jr. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1995 July; 183(7): 464-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7623019&dopt=Abstract
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Lack of linkage disequilibrium between serotonin transporter protein gene (SLC6A4) and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mundo E, Walker M, Tims H, Macciardi F, Kennedy JL. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 June 12; 96(3): 379-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10898918&dopt=Abstract
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Lack of relationship between menstrual cycle phase and mood in a sample of women with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Leibenluft E, Ashman SB, Feldman-Naim S, Yonkers KA. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 August 15; 46(4): 577-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10459410&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine and clozapine for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Gajwani P. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000 September; 157(9): 1523. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10964878&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine and gabapentin. Alternative in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ferrier IN. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1998 October; 38(3): 192-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9778608&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine and the treatment of bipolar disorder. Introduction. Author(s): Calabrese JR. Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 August; 9 Suppl 4: S107-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10524835&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine and the treatment of mania in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Berk M. Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 August; 9 Suppl 4: S119-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10524838&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Engle PM, Heck AM. Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2000 February; 34(2): 258-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10676836&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine for the treatment of bipolar disorder: a clinical case series. Author(s): Suppes T, Brown ES, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Nolen W, Kupka R, Frye M, Denicoff KD, Altshuler L, Leverich GS, Post RM. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 April; 53(1): 95-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10363672&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine for treatment-refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): Labbate LA, Rubey RN. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 September; 154(9): 1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9286198&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine in patients with bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. Author(s): Brown ES, Nejtek VA, Perantie DC, Orsulak PJ, Bobadilla L. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 February; 64(2): 197-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12633129&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Fatemi SH, Rapport DJ, Calabrese JR, Thuras P. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997 December; 58(12): 522-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9448654&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL. Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2002 October; 3(10): 1513-9. Review. Erratum In: Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2002 November; 3(11): 1683. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12387697&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine in the treatment of resistant bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kotler M, Matar MA. Source: Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1998 January-February; 21(1): 65-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9579289&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kusumakar V, Yatham LN. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 August; 154(8): 1171-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9247416&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine treatment of refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): Fogelson DL, Sternbach H. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997 June; 58(6): 271-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9228895&dopt=Abstract
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Lamotrigine: a review of clinical studies in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Zerjav-Lacombe S, Tabarsi E. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2001 May; 46(4): 328-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11387788&dopt=Abstract
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Late-onset bipolar disorder due to hyperthyroidism. Author(s): Nath J, Sagar R. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2001 July; 104(1): 72-3; Discussion 74-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11437754&dopt=Abstract
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Late-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yassa R, Nair NP, Iskandar H. Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1988 March; 11(1): 117-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3288976&dopt=Abstract
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Lateral ventricular enlargement associated with persistent unemployment and negative symptoms in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pearlson GD, Garbacz DJ, Breakey WR, Ahn HS, DePaulo JR. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1984 May; 12(1): 1-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6589656&dopt=Abstract
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Lateralized abnormality of high energy phosphate metabolism in the frontal lobes of patients with bipolar disorder detected by phase-encoded 31P-MRS. Author(s): Kato T, Shioiri T, Murashita J, Hamakawa H, Takahashi Y, Inubushi T, Takahashi S. Source: Psychological Medicine. 1995 May; 25(3): 557-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7480436&dopt=Abstract
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Life events and bipolar disorder: implications from biological theories. Author(s): Johnson SL, Roberts JE. Source: Psychological Bulletin. 1995 May; 117(3): 434-49. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7777648&dopt=Abstract
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Life events and early and late onset of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Glassner B, Haldipur CV. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 February; 140(2): 215-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6849438&dopt=Abstract
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Life events and relapse in bipolar disorder. Author(s): O'Croinin F, Zibin T, Byrne A. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1994 March; 164(3): 417. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8199798&dopt=Abstract
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Life events and relapse in bipolar disorder: the impact of a catastrophic event. Author(s): Aronson TA, Shukla S. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1987 June; 75(6): 571-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3618278&dopt=Abstract
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Life events and the course of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ellicott A, Hammen C, Gitlin M, Brown G, Jamison K. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990 September; 147(9): 1194-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1974746&dopt=Abstract
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Lifetime perturbations of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Blazer DG. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996 January; 153(1): 100-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8540563&dopt=Abstract
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Light therapy in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder: preliminary results. Author(s): Leibenluft E, Turner EH, Feldman-Naim S, Schwartz PJ, Wehr TA, Rosenthal NE. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1995; 31(4): 705-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8851643&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage analysis between pericentrometric markers on chromosome 18 and bipolar disorder: a replication test. Author(s): Maier W, Hallmayer J, Zill P, Bondy B, Lichtermann D, Ackenheil M, Minges J, Wildenauer D. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1995 November 29; 59(1-2): 7-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8771215&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage analysis of a complex pedigree with severe bipolar disorder, using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Author(s): Garner C, McInnes LA, Service SK, Spesny M, Fournier E, Leon P, Freimer NB. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2001 April; 68(4): 1061-4. Epub 2001 February 14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11222106&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage analysis of complex disorders with multiple phenotypic categories: simulation studies and application to bipolar disorder data. Author(s): Levinson DF. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 653-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433558&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage analysis of fifty-seven microsatellite loci to bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gejman PV, Martinez M, Cao Q, Friedman E, Berrettini WH, Goldin LR, Koroulakis P, Ames C, Lerman MA, Gershon ES. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993 August; 9(1): 31-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8397721&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage disequilibrium between dopamine D1 receptor gene (DRD1) and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ni X, Trakalo JM, Mundo E, Macciardi FM, Parikh S, Lee L, Kennedy JL. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2002 December 15; 52(12): 1144-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12488059&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage disequilibrium between the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and bipolar disorder: extending the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) to examine genetic heterogeneity. Author(s): Waldman ID, Robinson BF, Feigon SA. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 699-704. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433566&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage findings in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gurling H, Smyth C, Kalsi G, Moloney E, Rifkin L, O'Neill J, Murphy P, Curtis D, Petursson H, Brynjolfsson J. Source: Nature Genetics. 1995 May; 10(1): 8-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7647797&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 18 DNA markers. Author(s): Berrettini W. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1997 September; 2(5): 391-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9322232&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 18q and the validity of bipolar II disorder. Author(s): McMahon FJ, Simpson SG, McInnis MG, Badner JA, MacKinnon DF, DePaulo JR. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001 November; 58(11): 1025-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11695948&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage studies of bipolar disorder in the region of the Darier's disease gene on chromosome 12q23-24.1. Author(s): Dawson E, Parfitt E, Roberts Q, Daniels J, Lim L, Sham P, Nothen M, Propping P, Lanczik M, Maier W, et al. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1995 April 24; 60(2): 94-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7485258&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage studies of bipolar disorder with chromosome 18 markers. Author(s): Bowen T, Kirov G, Gill M, Spurlock G, Vallada HP, Murray RM, McGuffin P, Collier DA, Owen MJ, Craddock N. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1999 October 15; 88(5): 503-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10490707&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage studies of bipolar disorder: methodologic and analytic issues. Report of MacArthur Foundation Workshop on Linkage and Clinical Features in Affective Disorders. Author(s): Merikangas KR, Spence MA, Kupfer DJ. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989 December; 46(12): 1137-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2686577&dopt=Abstract
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Linkage studies suggest a possible locus for bipolar disorder near the velo-cardiofacial syndrome region on chromosome 22. Author(s): Lachman HM, Kelsoe JR, Remick RA, Sadovnick AD, Rapaport MH, Lin M, Pazur BA, Roe AM, Saito T, Papolos DF. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1997 April 18; 74(2): 121-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9129709&dopt=Abstract
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Linked polymorphisms upstream of exons 1 and 2 of the human cholecystokinin gene are not associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowen T, Norton N, Jacobsen NJ, Guy C, Daniels JK, Sanders RD, Cardno AG, Jones LA, Murphy KC, McGuffin P, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1998 January; 3(1): 67-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9491815&dopt=Abstract
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Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kuloglu M, Ustundag B, Atmaca M, Canatan H, Tezcan AE, Cinkilinc N. Source: Cell Biochemistry and Function. 2002 June; 20(2): 171-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11979513&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium and the single episode. When to begin long-term prophylaxis for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zarin DA, Pass TM. Source: Medical Care. 1987 December; 25(12 Suppl): S76-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3123813&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium discontinuation: uncovering latent bipolar disorder? Author(s): Faedda GL, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 August; 158(8): 1337-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11481189&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium in bipolar disorder: can drug concentrations predict therapeutic effect? Author(s): Sproule B. Source: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2002; 41(9): 639-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12126457&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorders associated with epilepsy: an open study. Author(s): Shukla S, Mukherjee S, Decina P. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1988 June; 8(3): 201-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3379144&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium induced cognitive side-effects in bipolar disorder: a qualitative analysis and implications for daily practice. Author(s): Honig A, Arts BM, Ponds RW, Riedel WJ. Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1999 May; 14(3): 167-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10435769&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium responsive bipolar disorder, unilineality, and chromosome 18: A linkage study. Author(s): Turecki G, Grof P, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Grof E, Martin R, Joober R, Rouleau GA, Alda M. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1999 August 20; 88(4): 411-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10402510&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium safety in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorders: a study with plasma levels. Author(s): Mauri MC, Laini V, Scalvini ME, Volonteri LS, Ferrari MS, Panza G. Source: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 1999 March-April; 3(2): 63-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10827806&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium side-effects and predictors of hypothyroidism in patients with bipolar disorder: sex differences. Author(s): Henry C. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 2002 March; 27(2): 104-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11944505&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium therapy: limitations and alternatives in the treatment of bipolar disorders. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Woyshville MJ. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1995 June; 7(2): 103-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8556092&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium treatment and bipolar disorders in childhood. Author(s): DeLong R. Source: N C Med J. 1990 April; 51(4): 152-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2333109&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium treatment and risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Hennen J, Floris G, Silvetti F, Tohen M. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998 August; 59(8): 405-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9721820&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium treatment for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mitchell PB, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2000; 78(4): 515-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10885179&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders--a randomised study. Author(s): Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N, Schochlin C, Schmidt S, Engel RR, Czernik A, Giedke H, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Osterheider M, Rudolf GA, Sauer H, Tegeler J, Wetterling T. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 April; 43(2): 151-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9165384&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar II disorder and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Author(s): Greil W, Kleindienst N. Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1999 September; 14(5): 283-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10529071&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium, anticonvulsants and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yerevanian BI, Koek RJ, Mintz J. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003 February; 73(3): 223-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12547290&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium: a molecular transducer of mood-stabilization in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Manji HK, Lenox RH. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 1998 September; 19(3): 161-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9741960&dopt=Abstract
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Lithium-related genetics of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Detera-Wadleigh SD. Source: Annals of Medicine. 2001 May; 33(4): 272-85. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11405549&dopt=Abstract
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Local geographical variation in the prevalence of schizophrenia in Co. Roscommon, Ireland, in juxtaposition with cases of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Waddington JL, Torrey EF, Kinsella A. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1997 February 7; 23(2): 181-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9061814&dopt=Abstract
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Long term treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Silverstone T, Romans S. Source: Drugs. 1996 March; 51(3): 367-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8882376&dopt=Abstract
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Longitudinal outcome in patients with bipolar disorder assessed by life-charting is influenced by DSM-IV personality disorder symptoms. Author(s): Bieling PJ, MacQueen GM, Marriot MJ, Robb JC, Begin H, Joffe RT, Young LT. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2003 February; 5(1): 14-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12656933&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term clinical effectiveness of lithium maintenance treatment in types I and II bipolar disorders. Author(s): Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Floris G. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement. 2001 June; 41: S184-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11450181&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term lithium for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 October; 158(10): 1740. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11579023&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term outcome and family psychiatric illness in unipolar and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Gutierrez JM. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1987; 23(3): 465-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3324153&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar disorder with moodincongruent psychotic features: a prospective study. Author(s): Maj M, Pirozzi R, Bartoli L, Magliano L. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 September; 71(1-3): 195-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167516&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar disorder: a 5-year prospective study of 402 patients at a lithium clinic. Author(s): Maj M, Pirozzi R, Magliano L, Bartoli L. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 January; 155(1): 30-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433335&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term risperidone treatment in bipolar disorder: 6-month follow up. Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS. Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1997 November; 12(6): 333-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9547135&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term treatment of bipolar disorder with lamotrigine. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Shelton MD, Rapport DJ, Kimmel SE, Elhaj O. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002; 63 Suppl 10: 18-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12392349&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Osher Y. Source: Drugs. 1997 April; 53(4): 726. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9098668&dopt=Abstract
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Low activity allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene associated with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kirov G, Murphy KC, Arranz MJ, Jones I, McCandles F, Kunugi H, Murray RM, McGuffin P, Collier DA, Owen MJ, Craddock N. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1998 July; 3(4): 342-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9702744&dopt=Abstract
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Low rate of membrane lithium transport during treatment correlates with outcome of maintenance pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mallinger AG, Frank E, Thase ME, Dippold CS, Kupfer DJ. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 1997 May; 16(5): 325-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9109103&dopt=Abstract
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Low rates of monitoring of mood stabilizing drugs for bipolar disorder in community psychiatric clinics. Author(s): Schrader G, Al Atrash-Najar R, Dhillon R, Bastiampillai T. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 December; 36(6): 819. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12406131&dopt=Abstract
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Low-dimensional chaos in bipolar disorder? Author(s): Krystal AD, Greenside HS. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1998 March; 55(3): 275-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9510223&dopt=Abstract
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Maintenance clinical trials in bipolar disorder: design implications of the divalproexlithium-placebo study. Author(s): Bowden CL, Swann AC, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, Morris D, Petty F, Hirschfeld RM, Gyulai L. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1997; 33(4): 693-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9493481&dopt=Abstract
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Maintenance therapies for classic and other forms of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL, Lecrubier Y, Bauer M, Goodwin G, Greil W, Sachs G, von Knorring L. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 September; 59 Suppl 1: S57-S67. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121827&dopt=Abstract
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Maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, Tondo L. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000 May; 57(5): 490-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10807489&dopt=Abstract
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Management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Griswold KS, Pessar LF. Source: American Family Physician. 2000 September 15; 62(6): 1343-53, 1357-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11011863&dopt=Abstract
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Management of the depressive component of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kalin NH. Source: Depression and Anxiety. 1996-97; 4(4): 190-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9166651&dopt=Abstract
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Managing a case of bipolar disorder, diabetes, and hypotension. Author(s): Lazarus A. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1985 August; 5(4): 248-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4019814&dopt=Abstract
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Managing bipolar disorder during pregnancy: weighing the risks and benefits. Author(s): Viguera AC, Cohen LS, Baldessarini RJ, Nonacs R. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2002 June; 47(5): 426-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12085677&dopt=Abstract
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Mania triggered by a steroid nasal spray in a patient with stable bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goldstein ET, Preskorn SH. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989 August; 146(8): 1076-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2750983&dopt=Abstract
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Mania-like symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children. Author(s): Wozniak J, Biederman J, Kiely K, Ablon JS, Faraone SV, Mundy E, Mennin D. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995 July; 34(7): 867-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7649957&dopt=Abstract
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Manic-depressive illness and tyrosine hydroxylase markers. Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Author(s): Todd RD, Lobos EA, Parsian A, Simpson S, DePaulo JR. Source: Lancet. 1996 June 8; 347(9015): 1634. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8667908&dopt=Abstract
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Manual-based group psychotherapy for bipolar disorder: a feasibility study. Author(s): Bauer MS, McBride L, Chase C, Sachs G, Shea N. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998 September; 59(9): 449-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9771814&dopt=Abstract
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MAOA: association and linkage studies with lithium responsive bipolar disorder. Author(s): Turecki G, Grof P, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Grof E, Ahrens B, Berghofer A, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Dvorakova M, Libigerova E, Vojtechovsky M, Zvolsky P, Joober R, Nilsson A, Prochazka H, Licht RW, Rasmussen NA, Schou M, Vestergaard P, Holzinger A, Schumann C, Thau K, Rouleau GA, Alda M. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1999 March; 9(1): 13-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10335547&dopt=Abstract
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Map of candidate genes and STSs on 18p11.2, a bipolar disorder and schizophrenia susceptibility region. Author(s): Reyes GD, Esterling LE, Corona W, Ferraren D, Rollins DY, Padigaru M, Yoshikawa T, Monje VD, Detera-Wadleigh SD. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(4): 337-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11986976&dopt=Abstract
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Mapping susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder: a pharmacogenetic approach based on excellent response to lithium. Author(s): Turecki G, Grof P, Grof E, D'Souza V, Lebuis L, Marineau C, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Betard C, Zvolsky P, Robertson C, Brewer C, Hudson TJ, Rouleau GA, Alda M. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2001 September; 6(5): 570-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11526471&dopt=Abstract
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Marijuana (cannabis) use is anecdotally said to precipitate anxiety symptoms in patients with panic disorder. Is there any research evidence to support this? Also, can marijuana use precipitate or expose paranoia in patients with an underlying bipolar disorder? Author(s): Seibyl JP, Krystal JH, Charney DS. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1990 February; 10(1): 78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2307743&dopt=Abstract
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Markers close to the dopamine D5 receptor gene (DRD5) show significant association with schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder. Author(s): Muir WJ, Thomson ML, McKeon P, Mynett-Johnson L, Whitton C, Evans KL, Porteous DJ, Blackwood DH. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 March 8; 105(2): 152-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11304828&dopt=Abstract
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Mathematical limits of multilocus models: the genetic transmission of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Craddock N, Khodel V, Van Eerdewegh P, Reich T. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1995 September; 57(3): 690-702. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7668299&dopt=Abstract
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Methodological considerations in clinical studies of omega 3 fatty acids in major depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Stoll AL, Damico KE, Daly BP, Severus WE, Marangell LB. Source: World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2001; 88: 58-67. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11935971&dopt=Abstract
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Modulation of carbachol-stimulated AP-1 DNA binding activity by therapeutic agents for bipolar disorder in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Author(s): Pacheco MA, Jope RS. Source: Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 1999 October 1; 72(2): 138-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10529472&dopt=Abstract
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Molecular interpretation of expanded RED products in bipolar disorder by CAG/CTG repeats located at chromosomes 17q and 18q. Author(s): Verheyen GR, Del-Favero J, Mendlewicz J, Lindblad K, Van Zand K, Aalbregtse M, Schalling M, Souery D, Van Broeckhoven C. Source: Neurobiology of Disease. 1999 October; 6(5): 424-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10527808&dopt=Abstract
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Multifamily psychoeducation groups (MFPG) for families of children with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Fristad MA, Goldberg-Arnold JS, Gavazzi SM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 August; 4(4): 254-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12190715&dopt=Abstract
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Multisite data reanalysis of the validity of rapid cycling as a course modifier for bipolar disorder in DSM-IV. Author(s): Bauer MS, Calabrese J, Dunner DL, Post R, Whybrow PC, Gyulai L, Tay LK, Younkin SR, Bynum D, Lavori P, et al. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 April; 151(4): 506-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8147448&dopt=Abstract
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Mutation analysis of SYNJ1: a possible candidate gene for chromosome 21q22-linked bipolar disorder. Author(s): Saito T, Guan F, Papolos DF, Lau S, Klein M, Fann CS, Lachman HM. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2001 July; 6(4): 387-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11443522&dopt=Abstract
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Neuritic pathology is lacking in the entorhinal cortex, subiculum and hippocampus in middle-aged adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or unipolar depression. Author(s): Damadzic R, Shuangshoti S, Giblen G, Herman MM. Source: Acta Neuropathologica. 2002 May; 103(5): 488-94. Epub 2002 January 31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11935265&dopt=Abstract
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Neurobiological findings before and during successful lithium therapy of a patient with 48-hour rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Voderholzer U, Weske G, Ecker S, Riemann D, Gann H, Berger M. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2002; 45 Suppl 1: 13-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11893872&dopt=Abstract
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New onset rapid cycling bipolar disorder in an 87 year old woman. Author(s): Gnam W, Flint AJ. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1993 June; 38(5): 324-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8348471&dopt=Abstract
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New trial should clarify lithium use in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Geddes J, Goodwin G, Rendell J, Hainsworth J, Van der Gucht E, Young H. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2002 August 24; 325(7361): 441. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12193365&dopt=Abstract
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Newer antiepileptic drugs in bipolar disorder: rationale for use and role in therapy. Author(s): Macdonald KJ, Young LT. Source: Cns Drugs. 2002; 16(8): 549-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12096935&dopt=Abstract
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News about disturbances of neuronal migration bring views to bipolar disorder. Author(s): Oliveira JR. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 September; 5(5): 462-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11032377&dopt=Abstract
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NIMH workshop report on treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Prien RF, Potter WZ. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1990; 26(4): 409-27. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2087538&dopt=Abstract
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Nimodipine treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goodnick PJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1995 July; 56(7): 330. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7615488&dopt=Abstract
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No abnormality in the gene for the G protein stimulatory alpha subunit in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ram A, Guedj F, Cravchik A, Weinstein L, Cao Q, Badner JA, Goldin LR, Grisaru N, Manji HK, Belmaker RH, Gershon ES, Gejman PV. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1997 January; 54(1): 44-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9006399&dopt=Abstract
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No association between 5HT-2A and bipolar disorder irrespective of genomic imprinting. Author(s): Murphy VE, Mynett-Johnson LA, Claffey E, Shields DC, McKeon P. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 July 8; 105(5): 422-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11449393&dopt=Abstract
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No association between a polymorphic CAG repeat in the human potassium channel gene hKCa3 and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Guy CA, Bowen T, Williams N, Jones IR, McCandless F, McGuffin P, Owen MJ, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1999 February 5; 88(1): 57-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10050968&dopt=Abstract
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No association of mutations and mRNA expression of WFS1/wolframin with bipolar disorder in humans. Author(s): Kato T, Iwamoto K, Washizuka S, Mori K, Tajima O, Akiyama T, Nanko S, Kunugi H, Kato N. Source: Neuroscience Letters. 2003 February 20; 338(1): 21-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12565131&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence for allelic association between bipolar disorder and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms. Author(s): Craddock N, Daniels J, Roberts E, Rees M, McGuffin P, Owen MJ. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1995 August 14; 60(4): 322-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7485269&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence for expanded polyglutamine sequences in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Jones AL, Middle F, Guy C, Spurlock G, Cairns NJ, McGuffin P, Craddock N, Owen M, O'Donovan MC. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1997 October-November; 2(6): 478-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9399691&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence for left superior temporal dysfunction in asymptomatic schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PET study of verbal fluency. Author(s): Dye SM, Spence SA, Bench CJ, Hirsch SR, Stefan MD, Sharma T, Grasby PM. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1999 October; 175: 367-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10789305&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence for the involvement of CAG/CTG repeats from within 18q21.33-q23 in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goossens D, Villafuerte S, Tissir F, Van Gestel S, Claes S, Souery D, Massat I, Van den Bossche D, Van Zand K, Mendlewicz J, Van Broeckhoven C, Del-Favero J. Source: European Journal of Human Genetics : Ejhg. 2000 May; 8(5): 385-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10854100&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence of association from transmission disequilibrium analysis of the hKCa3 gene in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowen T, Ashworth L, Kirov G, Guy CA, Jones IR, McCandless F, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 December; 2(4): 328-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252645&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence to support an association between the oestrogen receptor beta gene and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kealey C, Reynolds A, Mynett-Johnson L, Claffey E, McKeon P. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2001 December; 11(4): 223-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11807414&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence to support the association of the potassium channel gene hSKCa3 CAG repeat with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in the Irish population. Author(s): Hawi Z, Mynett-Johnson L, Murphy V, Straub RE, Kendler KS, Walsh D, McKeon P, Gill M. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1999 September; 4(5): 488-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10523823&dopt=Abstract
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Non-lithium treatment for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Post RM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1990 August; 51 Suppl: 9-16; Discussion 17-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2116406&dopt=Abstract
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Nonverbal interactional behavior in the families of persons with schizophrenic and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Simoneau TL, Miklowitz DJ, Goldstein MJ, Nuechterlein KH, Richards JA. Source: Family Process. 1996 March; 35(1): 83-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8804968&dopt=Abstract
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Novel treatments for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL. Source: Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2001 April; 10(4): 661-71. Review. Erratum In: Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001 July; 10(7): Following 1205. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11281816&dopt=Abstract
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Nucleotide sequence analysis of the binding site on the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate type-1 receptor in bipolar disorder -- a negative study. Author(s): Fujimaki K, Morinobu S, Takahashi J, Yamawaki S, Kato N, Kanno M, Okuyama N, Kawakatsu S, Otani K, Kusumi I, Koyama T. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 July; 65(2): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11356237&dopt=Abstract
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Nutritional approach to bipolar disorder. Author(s): Simmons M. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 March; 64(3): 338; Author Reply 338-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12716280&dopt=Abstract
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Obstetrical complications in patients with bipolar disorder and their siblings. Author(s): Kinney DK, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Levy DL, Medoff D, Lajonchere CM, Radford-Paregol M. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1993 July; 48(1): 47-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8416018&dopt=Abstract
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Obtaining insurance coverage for bipolar disorder and other neurobiological disorders on a par with other physical illnesses. Author(s): Spears DM. Source: New Dir Ment Health Serv. 1992 Summer; (54): 107-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1625651&dopt=Abstract
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Olanzapine as long-term adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Author(s): Vieta E, Reinares M, Corbella B, Benabarre A, Gilaberte I, Colom F, MartinezAran A, Gasto C, Tohen M. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2001 October; 21(5): 469-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11593070&dopt=Abstract
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Olanzapine for mixed episodes of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zullino D, Baumann P. Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 1999; 13(2): 198. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10475728&dopt=Abstract
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Olanzapine in diverse syndromal and subsyndromal exacerbations of bipolar disorders. Author(s): Janenawasin S, Wang PW, Lembke A, Schumacher M, Das B, Santosa CM, Mongkolcheep J, Ketter TA. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 October; 4(5): 328-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479666&dopt=Abstract
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Olanzapine in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Author(s): McElroy SL, Frye M, Denicoff K, Altshuler L, Nolen W, Kupka R, Suppes T, Keck PE Jr, Leverich GS, Kmetz GF, Post RM. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 May; 49(2): 119-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9609675&dopt=Abstract
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Olanzapine to treat the acute mania of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Price PL. Source: S D J Med. 2000 December; 53(12): 523. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11132516&dopt=Abstract
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Olanzapine-induced mania in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Henry C, Demotes-Mainard J. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 2002 May; 27(3): 200-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12066449&dopt=Abstract
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Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Author(s): Stoll AL, Severus WE, Freeman MP, Rueter S, Zboyan HA, Diamond E, Cress KK, Marangell LB. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999 May; 56(5): 407-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10232294&dopt=Abstract
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Omega-3 fatty acids and bipolar disorder: a review. Author(s): Stoll AL, Locke CA, Marangell LB, Severus WE. Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 1999 May-June; 60(5-6): 329-37. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10471117&dopt=Abstract
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On alleged “remission” from severe bipolar disorder. Author(s): Amaranth E. Source: Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1994 October; 45(10): 967-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7829049&dopt=Abstract
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One-year recovery and relapse rates of children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. Author(s): Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, DelBello MP, Williams M, Zimerman B. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 February; 158(2): 303-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11156815&dopt=Abstract
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Open maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder spectrum patients who responded to gabapentin augmentation in the acute phase of treatment. Author(s): Schaffer CB, Schaffer LC. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 October; 55(2-3): 237-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10628894&dopt=Abstract
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Open-label adjunctive topiramate in the treatment of bipolar disorders. Author(s): McElroy SL, Suppes T, Keck PE, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, Altshuler LL, Brown ES, Nolen WA, Kupka RW, Rochussen J, Leverich GS, Post RM. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 June 15; 47(12): 1025-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10862801&dopt=Abstract
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Optimal dosing of medications (in bipolar disorder). Author(s): Maguire GA, Phillips G. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 2003 March; Suppl: S22-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12676081&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome after rapid vs gradual discontinuation of lithium treatment in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Faedda GL, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Suppes T, Tohen M. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1993 June; 50(6): 448-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8498879&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome in the pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1996 April; 16(2 Suppl 1): 15S-23S. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8707996&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome measures in treatment trials in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Nolen WA. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 64-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479681&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium. Author(s): O'Connell RA, Mayo JA, Flatow L, Cuthbertson B, O'Brien BE. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1991 July; 159: 123-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1888958&dopt=Abstract
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Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) in the treatment of bipolar disorders: a review of efficacy and tolerability. Author(s): Hellewell JS. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 December; 72 Suppl 1: S23-34. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12589900&dopt=Abstract
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Oxcarbazepine in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Teitelbaum M. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2001 September; 40(9): 993-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11556642&dopt=Abstract
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Oxcarbazepine treatment of refractory bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart review. Author(s): Nassir Ghaemi S, Ko JY, Katzow JJ. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 February; 4(1): 70-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12047498&dopt=Abstract
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Pain responsivity in major depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Dworkin RH, Clark WC, Lipsitz JD. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1995 March 27; 56(2): 173-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7667442&dopt=Abstract
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Panic disorder with familial bipolar disorder. Author(s): MacKinnon DF, McMahon FJ, Simpson SG, McInnis MG, DePaulo JR. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1997 July 15; 42(2): 90-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9209725&dopt=Abstract
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PANSS factors and scores in schizophrenic and bipolar disorders during an index acute episode: a further analysis of the cognitive component. Author(s): Daneluzzo E, Arduini L, Rinaldi O, Di Domenico M, Petruzzi C, Kalyvoka A, Rossi A. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 2002 July 1; 56(1-2): 129-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12084427&dopt=Abstract
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Parental reports of executive dysfunction in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Shear PK, DelBello MP, Lee Rosenberg H, Strakowski SM. Source: Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section C, Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence. 2002 December; 8(4): 285-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12759825&dopt=Abstract
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Parent-of-origin effect in transmission of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kato T, Winokur G, Coryell W, Keller MB, Endicott J, Rice J. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996 November 22; 67(6): 546-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8950412&dopt=Abstract
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Parsing pediatric bipolar disorder from its associated comorbidity with the disruptive behavior disorders. Author(s): Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Wozniak J, Faraone SV, Wilens TE, Mick E. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2001 June 15; 49(12): 1062-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11430848&dopt=Abstract
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Parsing the comorbidity between bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders: a familial risk analysis. Author(s): Wozniak J, Biederman J, Monuteaux MC, Richards J, Faraone SV. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2002 Summer; 12(2): 10111. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12188979&dopt=Abstract
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Patient- and family-rated scale for bipolar disorder symptoms: Internal State Scale. Author(s): Huang CL, Yang YK, Chen M, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang MJ. Source: Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2003 April; 19(4): 170-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12795346&dopt=Abstract
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Patient satisfaction with two models of group therapy for people hospitalized with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pollack LE, Cramer RD. Source: Applied Nursing Research : Anr. 1999 August; 12(3): 143-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10457625&dopt=Abstract
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Pediatric and adolescent bipolar disorder: medical resources. Author(s): Akin LK. Source: Med Ref Serv Q. 2001 Fall; 20(3): 31-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11757394&dopt=Abstract
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Pediatric bipolar disorder coming of age. Author(s): Biederman J. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 931-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788236&dopt=Abstract
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Pediatric bipolar disorder: the parent advocacy perspective. Author(s): Hellander M. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 935-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788237&dopt=Abstract
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Pediatric mania: a developmental subtype of bipolar disorder? Author(s): Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Spencer T, Wilens TE, Wozniak J. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 458-66. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018219&dopt=Abstract
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Pediatric-onset bipolar disorder: a neglected clinical and public health problem. Author(s): Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Suppes T, Tondo L, Becker I, Lipschitz DS. Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 1995 November-December; 3(4): 171-95. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9384947&dopt=Abstract
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Peek-a-boo fragile site at 16d associated with Tourette syndrome, bipolar disorder, autistic disorder, and mental retardation. Author(s): Kerbeshian J, Severud R, Burd L, Larson L. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 February 7; 96(1): 69-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10686555&dopt=Abstract
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People with bipolar disorders quest for equanimity: doing grounded theory. Author(s): Hutchinson SA. Source: Nln Publ. 1993 August; (19-2535): 213-36. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8247702&dopt=Abstract
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Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hirschfeld RM, Lewis L, Vornik LA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 February; 64(2): 161-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12633125&dopt=Abstract
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Perceptions of problems in people hospitalized for bipolar disorder: implications for patient education. Author(s): Pollack LE, Cramer RD. Source: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2000 December; 21(8): 765-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11854981&dopt=Abstract
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Persistent attentional dysfunction in remitted bipolar disorder. Author(s): Wilder-Willis KE, Sax KW, Rosenberg HL, Fleck DE, Shear PK, Strakowski SM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 April; 3(2): 58-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11333063&dopt=Abstract
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Personality differences between patients with major depression and bipolar disorder-the impact of minor symptoms on self-ratings of personality. Author(s): Sauer H, Richter P, Czernik A, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Schochlin C, Greil W, von Zerssen D. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 February; 42(2-3): 169-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9105958&dopt=Abstract
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Personality disorders in recent-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pica S, Edwards J, Jackson HJ, Bell RC, Bates GW, Rudd RP. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1990 November-December; 31(6): 499-510. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2265534&dopt=Abstract
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Personality pathology among married adults with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Carpenter D, Clarkin JF, Glick ID, Wilner PJ. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1995 August 18; 34(4): 269-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8550952&dopt=Abstract
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Personality patterns and outcome in depressive and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Heerlein A, Richter P, Gonzalez M, Santander J. Source: Psychopathology. 1998; 31(1): 15-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9500682&dopt=Abstract
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Perspectives for clinical research on bipolar disorders in the new millennium. Author(s): Goodwin G. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 December; 2(4): 302-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252641&dopt=Abstract
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Perspectives on lithium treatment of bipolar disorder: action, efficacy, effect on suicidal behavior. Author(s): Schou M. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 1999 September; 1(1): 5-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256657&dopt=Abstract
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Perspectives on the use of anticonvulsants in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Brambilla P, Barale F, Soares JC. Source: The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology / Official Scientific Journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (Cinp). 2001 December; 4(4): 421-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11806868&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacogenetics of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mansour HA, Alda M, Nimgaonkar VL. Source: Current Psychiatry Reports. 2002 April; 4(2): 117-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11914172&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacogenetics of lithium response in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Alda M. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 1999 March; 24(2): 154-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10212559&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Vasudev K, Das S, Goswami U, Tayal G. Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2001 September; 15(3): 18790. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11565626&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacological issues in the treatment of bipolar disorder: focus on moodstabilizing compounds. Author(s): Potter WZ, Ketter TA. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1993 April; 38(3 Suppl 2): S51-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8500079&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder: the role of atypical antipsychotics and experimental strategies. Author(s): Malhi GS, Berk M. Source: Human Psychopharmacology. 2002 December; 17(8): 407-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12457376&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacotherapy of depression and mixed states in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Montgomery SA, Schatzberg AF, Guelfi JD, Kasper S, Nemeroff C, Swann A, Zajecka J. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 September; 59 Suppl 1: S39-S56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121826&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacotherapy patterns in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Russo P, Smith MW, Dirani R, Namjoshi M, Tohen M. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 December; 4(6): 366-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12519096&dopt=Abstract
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Phenomenology of adolescent and adult mania in hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): McElroy SL, Strakowski SM, West SA, Keck PE Jr, McConville BJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 January; 154(1): 44-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8988957&dopt=Abstract
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Phenomenology of prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder: examples of elated mood, grandiose behaviors, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts and hypersexuality. Author(s): Geller B, Zimerman B, Williams M, Delbello MP, Frazier J, Beringer L. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2002 Spring; 12(1): 3-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12014593&dopt=Abstract
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Phenotypic spectra of bipolar disorder in responders to lithium versus lamotrigine. Author(s): Passmore MJ, Garnham J, Duffy A, MacDougall M, Munro A, Slaney C, Teehan A, Alda M. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2003 April; 5(2): 110-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12680900&dopt=Abstract
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Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ventricular enlargement in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kato T, Shioiri T, Murashita J, Hamakawa H, Inubushi T, Takahashi S. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1994 March; 55(1): 41-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8047628&dopt=Abstract
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Pilot study on patients' and spouses' attitudes toward potential genetic testing for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Trippitelli CL, Jamison KR, Folstein MF, Bartko JJ, DePaulo JR. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 July; 155(7): 899-904. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9659854&dopt=Abstract
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Placebo effect in randomized, controlled maintenance studies of patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Keck PE Jr, Welge JA, Strakowski SM, Arnold LM, McElroy SL. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 April 15; 47(8): 756-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10773185&dopt=Abstract
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Plasma lithium level and interepisode functioning in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goodnick PJ, Fieve RR. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985 June; 142(6): 761-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4003601&dopt=Abstract
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Platelet endogenous adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosylation in drug-free and lithiumtreated subjects with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Young LT, Woods CM, Robb JC, Patelis-Siotis I, Asghari V, Sokolov ST. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1997 September 1; 42(5): 413-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9276082&dopt=Abstract
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Platelet membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate alterations in bipolar disorder--evidence from a single case study. Author(s): Soares JC, Dippold CS, Mallinger AG. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1997 March 24; 69(2-3): 197-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9109187&dopt=Abstract
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Platelet membrane phospholipids in euthymic bipolar disorder patients: are they affected by lithium treatment? Author(s): Soares JC, Mallinger AG, Dippold CS, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 February 15; 45(4): 453-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10071717&dopt=Abstract
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Platelet protein kinase C alpha levels in drug-free and lithium-treated subjects with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Young LT, Wang JF, Woods CM, Robb JC. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1999; 40(2): 63-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10474058&dopt=Abstract
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Polyglutamine coding genes in bipolar disorder: lack of association with selected candidate loci. Author(s): Turecki G, Alda M, Grof P, Joober R, Lafreniere R, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Grof E, Ahrens B, Berghofer A, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Dvorakova M, Libigerova E, Vojtechovsky M, Zvolsky P, Nilsson A, Prochazka H, Licht RW, Rasmussen NA, Schou M, Vestergaard P, Holzinger A, Schumann C, Thau K, Rouleau GA. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 April; 58(1): 63-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10760559&dopt=Abstract
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Polyglutamine tracts: no evidence of a major role in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Turecki G, Alda M, Grof P, Joober R, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Grof E, Ahrens B, Berghofer A, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Dvorakova M, Libigerova E, Vojtechovsky M, Zvolsky P, Nilsson A, Prochazka H, Licht RW, Rasmussen NA, Schou M, Vestergaard P, Holzinger A, Schumann C, Thau K, Rouleau GA. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1999 May; 4(3): 220-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10395210&dopt=Abstract
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Polymorphisms at the G72/G30 gene locus, on 13q33, are associated with bipolar disorder in two independent pedigree series. Author(s): Hattori E, Liu C, Badner JA, Bonner TI, Christian SL, Maheshwari M, DeteraWadleigh SD, Gibbs RA, Gershon ES. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003 May; 72(5): 1131-40. Epub 2003 March 19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12647258&dopt=Abstract
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Population isolates: their special value for locating genes for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Escamilla MA. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 December; 3(6): 299-317. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11843780&dopt=Abstract
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Possible locus for bipolar disorder near the dopamine transporter on chromosome 5. Author(s): Kelsoe JR, Sadovnick AD, Kristbjarnarson H, Bergesch P, MroczkowskiParker Z, Drennan M, Rapaport MH, Flodman P, Spence MA, Remick RA. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996 November 22; 67(6): 533-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8950410&dopt=Abstract
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Possible relationship between electroencephalogram finding and lithium response in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ikeda A, Kato N, Kato T. Source: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2002 June; 26(5): 903-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369264&dopt=Abstract
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Possible reversed affective lateralization in a case of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sackeim HA, Decina P, Epstein D, Bruder GE, Malitz S. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 September; 140(9): 1191-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6614227&dopt=Abstract
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Postpartum depression with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Freeman MP, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 April; 158(4): 652. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11282711&dopt=Abstract
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Postpartum prophylaxis for women with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cohen LS, Sichel DA, Robertson LM, Heckscher E, Rosenbaum JF. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 November; 152(11): 1641-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7485628&dopt=Abstract
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Postreceptor pathways for signal transduction in depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Young LT. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 2001; 26 Suppl: S17-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11590965&dopt=Abstract
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kennedy BL, Dhaliwal N, Pedley L, Sahner C, Greenberg R, Manshadi MS. Source: J Ky Med Assoc. 2002 September; 100(9): 395-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12357916&dopt=Abstract
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Potential overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hutto B. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 2001 May; 52(5): 687-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11331810&dopt=Abstract
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Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision). Author(s): American Psychiatric Association. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 April; 159(4 Suppl): 1-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11958165&dopt=Abstract
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Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Author(s): McClellan J, Werry J. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997 October; 36(10 Suppl): 157S-76S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9432516&dopt=Abstract
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Pre- and perinatal complications and risk for bipolar disorder: a retrospective study. Author(s): Kinney DK, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Tohen M, Tramer S. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 September; 50(2-3): 117-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9858071&dopt=Abstract
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Predictability of rehospitalisation over 5 years for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Author(s): Daniels BA, Kirkby KC, Hay DA, Mowry BJ, Jones IH. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 April; 32(2): 281-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9588308&dopt=Abstract
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Predicting outcome in child and adolescent (early onset) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Werry JS, McClellan JM. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1992 January; 31(1): 147-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1537767&dopt=Abstract
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Predictors of outcome in a representative population of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frangou S. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 41-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479676&dopt=Abstract
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Predictors of service utilization in veterans with bipolar disorder: a prospective study. Author(s): Bauer MS, Shea N, McBride L, Gavin C. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 July; 44(2-3): 159-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9241576&dopt=Abstract
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Predictors of treatment response in bipolar disorders: evidence from clinical and brain imaging studies. Author(s): Ketter TA, Wang PW. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002; 63 Suppl 3: 21-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11908918&dopt=Abstract
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Preliminary evidence of an association between bipolar disorder in females and the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene. Author(s): Mynett-Johnson LA, Murphy VE, Claffey E, Shields DC, McKeon P. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 1998 Winter; 8(4): 221-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9861640&dopt=Abstract
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Premorbid personality traits of men who develop unipolar or bipolar disorders. Author(s): Clayton PJ, Ernst C, Angst J. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1994; 243(6): 340-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8043619&dopt=Abstract
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Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: similarities and differences. Author(s): Cannon M, Jones P, Gilvarry C, Rifkin L, McKenzie K, Foerster A, Murray RM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 November; 154(11): 1544-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9356562&dopt=Abstract
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Premorbid social functioning with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Reznik I, Sirota P. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 June; 156(6): 986. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10360170&dopt=Abstract
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Prevailing mood, mood changes and dreams in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Beauchemin KM, Hays P. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1995 October 9; 35(1-2): 41-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8557886&dopt=Abstract
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Prevalence of bipolar disorder in a psychogeriatric population. Author(s): Yassa R, Nair V, Nastase C, Camille Y, Belzile L. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1988 May-June; 14(3): 197-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2968383&dopt=Abstract
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Prevalence of bipolar disorder: a further study in The Netherlands. Author(s): Regeer EJ, Rosso ML, ten Have M, Vollebergh W, Nolen WA. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 37-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479674&dopt=Abstract
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Prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum detected by MRI in patients with bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia. Author(s): Shioiri T, Oshitani Y, Kato T, Murashita J, Hamakawa H, Inubushi T, Nagata T, Takahashi S. Source: Psychological Medicine. 1996 March; 26(2): 431-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8685300&dopt=Abstract
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Prevalence of migraine in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mahmood T, Romans S, Silverstone T. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999 January-March; 52(1-3): 239-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10357039&dopt=Abstract
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Primary structure of the serotonin transporter in unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Lesch KP, Gross J, Franzek E, Wolozin BL, Riederer P, Murphy DL. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1995 February 15; 37(4): 215-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7711157&dopt=Abstract
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Prior stimulant treatment in adolescents with bipolar disorder: association with age at onset. Author(s): DelBello MP, Soutullo CA, Hendricks W, Niemeier RT, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 April; 3(2): 53-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11333062&dopt=Abstract
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Probabilistic diagnosis in linkage analysis of bipolar disorder: putting weights on the fringe. Author(s): Van Eerdewegh P, Santangelo SL, Lee H, Laird NM, Blacker D. Source: Genetic Epidemiology. 1997; 14(6): 693-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9433565&dopt=Abstract
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Probable nefazodone-induced mania in a patient with unreported bipolar disorder. Author(s): Zaphiris HA, Blaisdell GD, Jermain DM. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1996 December; 8(4): 207-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8986316&dopt=Abstract
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Problems in diagnosing bipolar disorder in catatonic patients. Author(s): Fein S, McGrath MG. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1990 May; 51(5): 203-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2335495&dopt=Abstract
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Prophylaxis of bipolar disorder: how and who should we treat in the long term? Author(s): Goodwin GM. Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 August; 9 Suppl 4: S125-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10524839&dopt=Abstract
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Protective effect of pregnancy in women with lithium-responsive bipolar disorder. Author(s): Grof P, Robbins W, Alda M, Berghoefer A, Vojtechovsky M, Nilsson A, Robertson C. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 December; 61(1-2): 31-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11099738&dopt=Abstract
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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bipolar disorder versus intermittent explosive disorder in children and adolescents. Author(s): Davanzo P, Yue K, Thomas MA, Belin T, Mintz J, Venkatraman TN, Santoro E, Barnett S, McCracken J. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 August; 160(8): 1442-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12900307&dopt=Abstract
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Pseudodementia in a twenty-one-year-old with bipolar disorder and vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Author(s): Reid SD. Source: The West Indian Medical Journal. 2000 December; 49(4): 347-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11211551&dopt=Abstract
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Psychiatric diagnoses in the context of genetic studies of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Duffy A, Grof P. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 December; 3(6): 270-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11843777&dopt=Abstract
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Psychiatric morbidity in the relatives of patients with DSM-III schizophreniform disorder: comparisons with the relatives of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Pulver AE, Brown CH, Wolyniec PS, McGrath JA, Tam D. Source: Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1991; 25(1-2): 19-29. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2027094&dopt=Abstract
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Psychiatric symptoms and syndromes among adolescent children of parents with lithium-responsive or lithium-nonresponsive bipolar disorder. Author(s): Duffy A, Alda M, Kutcher S, Fusee C, Grof P. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 March; 155(3): 431-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9501760&dopt=Abstract
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Psychoeducation and expressed emotion in bipolar disorder: preliminary findings. Author(s): Honig A, Hofman A, Hilwig M, Noorthoorn E, Ponds R. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1995 April 28; 56(3): 299-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7568553&dopt=Abstract
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Psycho-education in bipolar disorder: effect on expressed emotion. Author(s): Honig A, Hofman A, Rozendaal N, Dingemans P. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1997 August 29; 72(1): 17-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9355815&dopt=Abstract
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Psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioral strategies in the management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Otto MW, Reilly-Harrington N, Sachs GS. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003 January; 73(1-2): 171-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12507750&dopt=Abstract
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Psychopharmacologic treatment strategies for depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Author(s): Glick ID, Suppes T, DeBattista C, Hu RJ, Marder S. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 2001 January 2; 134(1): 47-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11187420&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosensory symptoms in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Ali SO, Denicoff KD, Ketter TA, Smith-Jackson EE, Post RM. Source: Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology. 1997 October; 10(4): 223-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9359118&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosocial approaches to suicide prevention: applications to patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gray SM, Otto MW. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001; 62 Suppl 25: 56-64. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11765098&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosocial factors in the course and treatment of bipolar disorder: introduction to the special section. Author(s): Miklowitz DJ, Alloy LB. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1999 November; 108(4): 555-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609419&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosocial functioning in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. Author(s): Geller B, Bolhofner K, Craney JL, Williams M, DelBello MP, Gundersen K. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000 December; 39(12): 1543-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11128332&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosocial interventions as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Parikh SV, Kusumakar V, Haslam DR, Matte R, Sharma V, Yatham LN. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1997 August; 42 Suppl 2: 74S-78S. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9288439&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Craighead WE, Miklowitz DJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Supp 13: 58-64. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11153813&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Callahan AM, Bauer MS. Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1999 September; 22(3): 675-88, X. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10550862&dopt=Abstract
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Psychosocial predictors of major affective recurrences in bipolar disorder: a 4-year longitudinal study of patients on prophylactic treatment. Author(s): Stefos G, Bauwens F, Staner L, Pardoen D, Mendlewicz J. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1996 June; 93(6): 420-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8831857&dopt=Abstract
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Reduced frontal cortex inositol levels in postmortem brain of suicide victims and patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Shimon H, Agam G, Belmaker RH, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 August; 154(8): 1148-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9247405&dopt=Abstract
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Role of the cholinergic muscarinic system in bipolar disorder and related mechanism of action of antipsychotic agents. Author(s): Bymaster FP, Felder CC. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7 Suppl 1: S57-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11986996&dopt=Abstract
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Rostral and orbital prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the manic state of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Blumberg HP, Stern E, Ricketts S, Martinez D, de Asis J, White T, Epstein J, Isenberg N, McBride PA, Kemperman I, Emmerich S, Dhawan V, Eidelberg D, Kocsis JH, Silbersweig DA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 December; 156(12): 1986-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10588416&dopt=Abstract
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Scanning the genome with 1772 microsatellite markers in search of a bipolar disorder susceptibility gene. Author(s): Polymeropoulos MH, Schaffer AA. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 1996 November; 1(5): 404-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9154235&dopt=Abstract
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Search for bipolar disorder susceptibility loci: the application of a modified genome scan concentrating on gene-rich regions. Author(s): Murphy VE, Mynett-Johnson LA, Claffey E, Bergin P, McAuliffe M, Kealey C, McKeon P. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 December 4; 96(6): 728-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121170&dopt=Abstract
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Search for common haplotypes on chromosome 22q in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder from the Faroe Islands. Author(s): Jorgensen TH, Borglum AD, Mors O, Wang AG, Pinaud M, Flint TJ, Dahl HA, Vang M, Kruse TA, Ewald H. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2002 March 8; 114(2): 245-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11857589&dopt=Abstract
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Searching high and low: a review of the genetics of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Potash JB, DePaulo JR Jr. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 March; 2(1): 8-26. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11254025&dopt=Abstract
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Season of birth and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Dassa D, Azorin JM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993 March; 150(3): 526-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8434681&dopt=Abstract
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Season of birth: schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Boyd JH, Pulver AE, Stewart W. Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1986; 12(2): 173-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3520803&dopt=Abstract
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Seasonal variation in hospital admission for bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia in Tasmania. Author(s): Daniels BA, Kirkby KC, Mitchell P, Hay D, Mowry B. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2000 July; 102(1): 38-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10892608&dopt=Abstract
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Seasonal variation of mixed and pure episodes of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cassidy F, Carroll BJ. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 February; 68(1): 25-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11869779&dopt=Abstract
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Seasonal variations in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Pio-Abreu JL. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1997 May; 170: 483-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9307704&dopt=Abstract
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Seasonality of bipolar disorders in a forensic setting. Author(s): London WP, Taylor BM. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1981 October; 5(2): 139-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6945609&dopt=Abstract
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Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review of the literature. Author(s): Torrey EF, Miller J, Rawlings R, Yolken RH. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1997 November 7; 28(1): 1-38. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9428062&dopt=Abstract
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Seasons and bipolar disorder. Author(s): D'Mello DA, McNeil JA, Msibi B. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1995 March; 7(1): 11-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8541932&dopt=Abstract
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Selection of initial treatment for bipolar disorder, manic phase. Author(s): Frye MA, Altshuler LL. Source: Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997; 25: 88-113. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9344372&dopt=Abstract
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Selection of the initial drug(s) in the treatment of bipolar disorder, depressed phase. Author(s): Maj M. Source: Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997; 25: 66-77. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9344370&dopt=Abstract
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Self-reported quality of life across mood states in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Vojta C, Kinosian B, Glick H, Altshuler L, Bauer MS. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2001 May-June; 42(3): 190-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11349236&dopt=Abstract
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Sensorimotor gating deficits in bipolar disorder patients with acute psychotic mania. Author(s): Perry W, Minassian A, Feifel D, Braff DL. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2001 September 15; 50(6): 418-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11566158&dopt=Abstract
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Sequence and genomic organization of the human G-protein Golfalpha gene (GNAL) on chromosome 18p11, a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Vuoristo JT, Berrettini WH, Overhauser J, Prockop DJ, Ferraro TN, AlaKokko L. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2000 September; 5(5): 495-501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11032382&dopt=Abstract
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Serial analysis of gene expression in the frontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sun Y, Zhang L, Johnston NL, Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement. 2001 June; 41: S137-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11450174&dopt=Abstract
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Serotonergic dysregulation in bipolar disorders: a literature review of serotonergic challenge studies. Author(s): Sobczak S, Honig A, van Duinen MA, Riedel WJ. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 December; 4(6): 347-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12519094&dopt=Abstract
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Serotoninergic dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Marazziti D, Lenzi A, Cassano GB. Source: Pharmacopsychiatry. 1991 September; 24(5): 164-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1775521&dopt=Abstract
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Serotonin-induced platelet intracellular calcium mobilization in various psychiatric disorders: is it specific to bipolar disorder? Author(s): Suzuki K, Kusumi I, Sasaki Y, Koyama T. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 May; 64(2-3): 291-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11313098&dopt=Abstract
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Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in psychotic and nonpsychotic major depression: the importance of distinguishing between unipolar and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Rihmer Z, Arato M. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1990 July; 82(1): 93-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2399830&dopt=Abstract
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Serum leptin and cholesterol levels in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, Ustundag B, Bayik Y. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2002; 46(4): 176-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12566933&dopt=Abstract
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Serum lithium during treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Swartz CM. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1990 April 19; 322(16): 1159-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2320087&dopt=Abstract
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Serum lithium levels and the outcome of maintenance therapy of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hopkins HS, Gelenberg AJ. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 September; 2(3 Pt 1): 174-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256684&dopt=Abstract
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Severe behaviour problems associated with rapid cycling bipolar disorder in two adults with profound mental retardation. Author(s): Lowry MA, Sovner R. Source: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : Jidr. 1992 June; 36 ( Pt 3): 269-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1623316&dopt=Abstract
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Sexual victimization in women with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Darves-Bornoz JM, Lemperiere T, Degiovanni A, Gaillard P. Source: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 1995 March; 30(2): 78-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7754420&dopt=Abstract
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Shifts in hospital diagnostic frequencies: bipolar disorder subtypes, 1981-1993. Author(s): Zarate CA Jr, Tohen M, Baraibar G, Zarate SB, Baldessarini RJ. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 March; 43(1): 79-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9127833&dopt=Abstract
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Signaling: cellular insights into the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Manji HK, Lenox RH. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 518-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018224&dopt=Abstract
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Single major locus models for bipolar disorder are implausible. Author(s): Craddock N, Van Eerdewegh P, Reich T. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1997 February 21; 74(1): 18-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9034000&dopt=Abstract
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Six-month stability and outcome of a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. Author(s): Geller B, Zimerman B, Williams M, Bolhofner K, Craney JL, Delbello MP, Soutullo CA. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2000 Fall; 10(3): 165-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11052406&dopt=Abstract
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Sleep and sleep-wake cycle in an 81-year-old patient with de novo ultra-rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schreiner R, Mirisch S, Vesely Z, Wiegand MH. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2001; 251(1): 29-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11315515&dopt=Abstract
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Social competence in schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and negative and non-negative schizophrenia. Author(s): Bellack AS, Morrison RL, Mueser KT, Wade J. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1989 July-October; 2(4-5): 391-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2487180&dopt=Abstract
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Social support and the course of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Johnson SL, Winett CA, Meyer B, Greenhouse WJ, Miller I. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1999 November; 108(4): 558-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609420&dopt=Abstract
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Social support in bipolar disorder: its relevance to remission and relapse. Author(s): Johnson L, Lundstrom O, Aberg-Wistedt A, Mathe AA. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2003 April; 5(2): 129-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12680903&dopt=Abstract
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Social support in elderly patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Beyer JL, Kuchibhatla M, Looney C, Engstrom E, Cassidy F, Krishnan KR. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2003 February; 5(1): 22-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12656934&dopt=Abstract
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Sociotropy/autonomy and vulnerability to specific life events in patients with unipolar depression and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Hammen C, Ellicott A, Gitlin M, Jamison KR. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1989 May; 98(2): 154-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2708658&dopt=Abstract
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Somatic treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Author(s): Weller EB, Danielyan AK, Weller RA. Source: Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2002 July; 11(3): 595-617. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12222085&dopt=Abstract
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Some fairly obvious distinctions between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goldberg TE. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1999 September 29; 39(2): 127-32; Discussion 161-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10507523&dopt=Abstract
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Some possible genetic parallels across alcoholism, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Author(s): Schuckit MA, Kelsoe JR, Braff DL, Wilhelmsen KC. Source: J Stud Alcohol. 2003 March; 64(2): 157-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12713187&dopt=Abstract
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Special issues in the treatment of paediatric bipolar disorder. Author(s): Chang KD, Ketter TA. Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2001 April; 2(4): 613-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11336611&dopt=Abstract
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Spectrum of activity of lamotrigine in treatment-refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, McElroy SL, Cookson J, Andersen J, Keck PE Jr, Rhodes L, Bolden-Watson C, Zhou J, Ascher JA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 July; 156(7): 1019-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10401445&dopt=Abstract
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Spectrum of efficacy of valproate in 55 patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Calabrese JR, Delucchi GA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990 April; 147(4): 431-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2107762&dopt=Abstract
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Stability of diagnosis in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Chen YR, Swann AC, Johnson BA. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1998 January; 186(1): 17-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9457143&dopt=Abstract
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Stabilization of mood from below versus above baseline in bipolar disorder: a new nomenclature. Author(s): Ketter TA, Calabrese JR. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 February; 63(2): 146-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11874216&dopt=Abstract
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Status of bipolar disorder research. Bibliometric study. Author(s): Clement S, Singh SP, Burns T. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 2003 February; 182: 148-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12562743&dopt=Abstract
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Stimulatory G-protein alpha-subunit mRNA levels are not increased in autopsied cerebral cortex from patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Young LT, Asghari V, Li PP, Kish SJ, Fahnestock M, Warsh JJ. Source: Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 1996 November; 42(1): 45-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8915579&dopt=Abstract
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Strategies for managing depression complicated by bipolar disorder, suicidal ideation, or psychotic features. Author(s): Hartmann PM. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 1996 July-August; 9(4): 261-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8829075&dopt=Abstract
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Stressful life events, bipolar disorder, and the “kindling model”. Author(s): Hlastala SA, Frank E, Kowalski J, Sherrill JT, Tu XM, Anderson B, Kupfer DJ. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2000 November; 109(4): 777-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11196004&dopt=Abstract
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Striatal excitatory amino acid transporter transcript expression in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Author(s): McCullumsmith RE, Meador-Woodruff JH. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 March; 26(3): 368-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11850151&dopt=Abstract
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Striatal ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Author(s): Meador-Woodruff JH, Hogg AJ Jr, Smith RE. Source: Brain Research Bulletin. 2001 July 15; 55(5): 631-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11576760&dopt=Abstract
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Striving for stability with bipolar disorder despite barriers. Author(s): Pollack LE. Source: Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 1995 June; 9(3): 122-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7625868&dopt=Abstract
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Structural and functional brain changes in bipolar disorder: a selective review. Author(s): Pearlson GD. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1999 September 29; 39(2): 133-40; Discussion 162. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10507524&dopt=Abstract
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Study questions bipolar disorder treatment guidelines. Author(s): Rollins G. Source: Rep Med Guidel Outcomes Res. 2003 July 25; 14(14): 7-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12931701&dopt=Abstract
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Stylized transcript map of chromosome 4q35 encompassing the locus for a bipolar disorder susceptibility gene. Author(s): Blair IP, Adam LJ, Badenhop RF, Moses MJ, Scimone A, Morris JA, Ma L, Austin CP, Donald JA, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(7): 669. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12192607&dopt=Abstract
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Subjective experiences in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Arduini L, Kalyvoka A, Stratta P, Gianfelice D, Rinaldi O, Rossi A. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2002 February; 252(1): 24-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12056578&dopt=Abstract
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Subjects with major depression or bipolar disorder show reduction of prodynorphin mRNA expression in discrete nuclei of the amygdaloid complex. Author(s): Hurd YL. Source: Molecular Psychiatry. 2002; 7(1): 75-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11803449&dopt=Abstract
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Substance abuse in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cassidy F, Ahearn EP, Carroll BJ. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 August; 3(4): 181-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11552957&dopt=Abstract
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Substance use disorders among inpatients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in a general hospital. Author(s): Lin CC, Bai YM, Hu PG, Yeh HS. Source: General Hospital Psychiatry. 1998 March; 20(2): 98-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9582594&dopt=Abstract
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Subsyndromal depression is associated with functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Altshuler LL, Gitlin MJ, Mintz J, Leight KL, Frye MA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 September; 63(9): 807-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12363122&dopt=Abstract
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Subsyndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder. A comparison of standard and low serum levels of lithium. Author(s): Keller MB, Lavori PW, Kane JM, Gelenberg AJ, Rosenbaum JF, Walzer EA, Baker LA. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1992 May; 49(5): 371-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1586272&dopt=Abstract
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Subsyndromal unipolar and bipolar disorders: comparisons on positive and negative affect. Author(s): Lovejoy MC, Steuerwald BL. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1995 May; 104(2): 381-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7790640&dopt=Abstract
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Subtraction libraries for the molecular characterization of gene-environmental interactions in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yolken RH. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4 Suppl 1: 77-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479686&dopt=Abstract
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Suggestive linkage to chromosomal regions 13q31 and 22q12 in families with psychotic bipolar disorder. Author(s): Potash JB, Zandi PP, Willour VL, Lan TH, Huo Y, Avramopoulos D, Shugart YY, MacKinnon DF, Simpson SG, McMahon FJ, DePaulo JR Jr, McInnis MG. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 April; 160(4): 680-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12668356&dopt=Abstract
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Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder: risk and prevention. Author(s): Tondo L, Isacsson G, Baldessarini R. Source: Cns Drugs. 2003; 17(7): 491-511. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12751919&dopt=Abstract
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Suicidality among patients with mixed and manic bipolar disorder. Author(s): Strakowski SM, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, West SA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996 May; 153(5): 674-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8615413&dopt=Abstract
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Suicide and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Jamison KR. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Suppl 9: 47-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10826661&dopt=Abstract
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Suicide and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Jamison KR. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1986; 487: 301-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3471163&dopt=Abstract
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Suicide attempts in rapid cycling bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Wu LH, Dunner DL. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1993 September; 29(1): 57-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8254145&dopt=Abstract
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Suicide in bipolar disorder in Finland. Author(s): Isometsa ET, Henriksson MM, Aro HM, Lonnqvist JK. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 July; 151(7): 1020-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8010358&dopt=Abstract
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Support for the presence of bipolar disorder susceptibility loci on chromosome 5: heterogeneity in a homogeneous population in Quebec. Author(s): Shink E, Morissette J, Villeneuve A, Bordeleau L, Rochette D, Gagne B, Laprise C, Plante M, Barden N. Source: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2002 December; 26(7-8): 1273-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12502013&dopt=Abstract
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Susceptibility loci for bipolar disorder: overlap with inherited vulnerability to schizophrenia. Author(s): Berrettini WH. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 February 1; 47(3): 245-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10682222&dopt=Abstract
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Sustained attention deficit in bipolar disorder is not a working memory impairment in disguise. Author(s): Harmer CJ, Clark L, Grayson L, Goodwin GM. Source: Neuropsychologia. 2002; 40(9): 1586-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11985840&dopt=Abstract
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Sustained attention deficit in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Clark L, Iversen SD, Goodwin GM. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 2002 April; 180: 313-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11925353&dopt=Abstract
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Symptoms and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder six months after hospitalization. Author(s): Dion GL, Tohen M, Anthony WA, Waternaux CS. Source: Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1988 June; 39(6): 652-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3402925&dopt=Abstract
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Synaptic, intracellular, and neuroprotective mechanisms of anticonvulsants: are they relevant for the treatment and course of bipolar disorders? Author(s): Li X, Ketter TA, Frye MA. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002 May; 69(1-3): 1-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12103447&dopt=Abstract
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Systematic chart review of the pharmacologic treatment of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in youth with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Biederman J, Mick E, Prince J, Bostic JQ, Wilens TE, Spencer T, Wozniak J, Faraone SV. Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 1999; 9(4): 247-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10630454&dopt=Abstract
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T2 hyperintensities in bipolar disorder: magnetic resonance imaging comparison and literature meta-analysis. Author(s): Altshuler LL, Curran JG, Hauser P, Mintz J, Denicoff K, Post R. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 August; 152(8): 1139-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7625460&dopt=Abstract
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Tardive dyskinesia in bipolar disorders: possible role of pineal melatonin. Author(s): Sandyk R. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1990 June; 52(3-4): 233-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2269610&dopt=Abstract
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Teaching patients with bipolar disorder to identify early symptoms of relapse. When were outcomes separated? Author(s): Cates C. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1999 June 5; 318(7197): 1557-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10356031&dopt=Abstract
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Teasing out the genetics of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bradbury J. Source: Lancet. 2001 May 19; 357(9268): 1596. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11377658&dopt=Abstract
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Telephone versus in-person clinical and health status assessment interviews in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Revicki DA, Tohen M, Gyulai L, Thompson C, Pike S, Davis-Vogel A, Zarate C. Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 1997 July-August; 5(2): 75-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9385024&dopt=Abstract
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Temporal horn enlargement is present in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Roy PD, Zipursky RB, Saint-Cyr JA, Bury A, Langevin R, Seeman MV. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1998 September 15; 44(6): 418-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9777171&dopt=Abstract
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Tentative association of the serotonin transporter with schizophrenia and unipolar depression but not with bipolar disorder in Han Chinese. Author(s): Liu W, Gu N, Feng G, Li S, Bai S, Zhang J, Shen T, Xue H, Breen G, St Clair D, He L. Source: Pharmacogenetics. 1999 August; 9(4): 491-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10780268&dopt=Abstract
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Ten-year use of hospital-based services by geriatric veterans with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Sajatovic M, Popli A, Semple W. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 1996 September; 47(9): 961-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8875661&dopt=Abstract
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Texas Medication Algorithm Project: development and feasibility testing of a treatment algorithm for patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Suppes T, Swann AC, Dennehy EB, Habermacher ED, Mason M, Crismon ML, Toprac MG, Rush AJ, Shon SP, Altshuler KZ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001 June; 62(6): 439-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11465521&dopt=Abstract
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The 5HT1Dbeta receptor gene in bipolar disorder: a family-based association study. Author(s): Mundo E, Zai G, Lee L, Parikh SV, Kennedy JL. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 October; 25(4): 608-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11557174&dopt=Abstract
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The association between antisaccade task and working memory task performance in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gooding DC, Tallent KA. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2001 January; 189(1): 8-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11206670&dopt=Abstract
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The association between substance abuse and antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar disorder: a preliminary study. Author(s): Goldberg JF, Whiteside JE. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 September; 63(9): 791-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12363119&dopt=Abstract
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The Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale in clinical trials of therapies for bipolar disorder: a 20-year review of its use as an outcome measure. Author(s): Bech P. Source: Cns Drugs. 2002; 16(1): 47-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11772118&dopt=Abstract
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The brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene confers susceptibility to bipolar disorder: evidence from a family-based association study. Author(s): Neves-Pereira M, Mundo E, Muglia P, King N, Macciardi F, Kennedy JL. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2002 September; 71(3): 651-5. Epub 2002 August 02. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12161822&dopt=Abstract
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The calcium second messenger system in bipolar disorders: data supporting new research directions. Author(s): Dubovsky SL, Murphy J, Christiano J, Lee C. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1992 Winter; 4(1): 314. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1320969&dopt=Abstract
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The childhood roots of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Akiskal HS. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 November; 51(2): 75-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10743839&dopt=Abstract
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The collaborative practice model for bipolar disorder: design and implementation in a multi-site randomized controlled trial. Author(s): Bauer MS. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 October; 3(5): 233-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11903206&dopt=Abstract
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The comorbidity of bipolar disorder and axis II personality disorders: prevalence and clinical correlates. Author(s): George EL, Miklowitz DJ, Richards JA, Simoneau TL, Taylor DO. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2003 April; 5(2): 115-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12680901&dopt=Abstract
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The confusion between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in youth: where does it stand in the 1990s? Author(s): Carlson GA, Fennig S, Bromet EJ. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1994 May; 33(4): 453-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8005897&dopt=Abstract
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The correlates of community functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kusznir A, Cooke RG, Young LT. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000 December; 61(1-2): 81-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11099744&dopt=Abstract
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The course and management of bipolar disorder during pregnancy. Author(s): Viguera AC, Cohen LS. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1998; 34(3): 339-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9803767&dopt=Abstract
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The course of a seasonal bipolar disorder influenced by caffeine. Author(s): Tondo L, Rudas N. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1991 August; 22(4): 249-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1939933&dopt=Abstract
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The density and spatial distribution of GABAergic neurons, labelled using calcium binding proteins, in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Author(s): Cotter D, Landau S, Beasley C, Stevenson R, Chana G, MacMillan L, Everall I. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2002 March 1; 51(5): 377-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11904132&dopt=Abstract
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The dental management of patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Friedlander AA, Brill NQ. Source: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986 June; 61(6): 579-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2873546&dopt=Abstract
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The dexamethasone suppression test in mixed bipolar disorder. Author(s): Evans DL, Nemeroff CB. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 May; 140(5): 615-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6846594&dopt=Abstract
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The diagnostic boundaries of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Soares JC, Gershon S. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 March; 2(1): 1-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11254015&dopt=Abstract
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The differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Young CR, Weiss EL, Bowers MB Jr, Mazure CM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997 March; 58(3): 123. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9108815&dopt=Abstract
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The effect of adjunctive light therapy on ameliorating breakthrough depressive symptoms in adolescent-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Papatheodorou G, Kutcher S. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 1995 May; 20(3): 226-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7786884&dopt=Abstract
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The effect of comorbid substance use disorders on the course of bipolar disorder: a review. Author(s): Tohen M, Greenfield SF, Weiss RD, Zarate CA Jr, Vagge LM. Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 1998 September-October; 6(3): 133-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10372281&dopt=Abstract
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The effect of concomitant use of neuroleptic drugs and lithium on the erythrocyte/plasma lithium ratio in Iranian patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Azizabadi-Farahani M, Mirazi N, Azar M, Farsam H, Dehpour AR. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 1996 February; 21(1): 3-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8737176&dopt=Abstract
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The efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Hirschfeld RM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003; 64 Suppl 8: 15-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12892537&dopt=Abstract
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The efficacy of lamotrigine in rapid cycling and non-rapid cycling patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, Rhodes LJ, Keck PE Jr, Cookson J, Anderson J, Bolden-Watson C, Ascher J, Monaghan E, Zhou J. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 April 15; 45(8): 953-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10386176&dopt=Abstract
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The efficacy of lamotrigine in rapid cycling and non-rapid cycling patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hamer RM, Simpson PM. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1999 December 15; 46(12): 1711-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10624556&dopt=Abstract
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The emerging differential roles of GABAergic and antiglutamatergic agents in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Ketter TA, Wang PW. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003; 64 Suppl 3: 15-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12662129&dopt=Abstract
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The emerging role of valproate in bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Author(s): Guay DR. Source: Pharmacotherapy. 1995 September-October; 15(5): 631-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8570437&dopt=Abstract
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The evolving role of topiramate among other mood stabilizers in the management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Chengappa KN, Gershon S, Levine J. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2001 October; 3(5): 215-32. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11912568&dopt=Abstract
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The expanding pharmacopoeia for bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mitchell PB, Malhi GS. Source: Annual Review of Medicine. 2002; 53: 173-88. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11818469&dopt=Abstract
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The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Medication Treatment of Bipolar Disorder 2000. Author(s): Sachs GS, Printz DJ, Kahn DA, Carpenter D, Docherty JP. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 2000 April; Spec No: 1-104. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10895797&dopt=Abstract
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The Expert Consensus Guidelines for treating depression in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frances AJ, Kahn DA, Carpenter D, Docherty JP, Donovan SL. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998; 59 Suppl 4: 73-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9554324&dopt=Abstract
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The familial aggregation of psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder pedigrees. Author(s): Potash JB, Willour VL, Chiu YF, Simpson SG, MacKinnon DF, Pearlson GD, DePaulo JR Jr, McInnis MG. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 August; 158(8): 1258-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11481160&dopt=Abstract
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The foundations of effective management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Kusumakar V, Yatham LN, Haslam DR, Parikh SV, Matte R, Sharma V, Silverstone PH, Kutcher SP, Kennedy S. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1997 August; 42 Suppl 2: 69S-73S. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9288438&dopt=Abstract
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The genetics of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mitchell P, Mackinnon A, Waters B. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1993 December; 27(4): 560-80. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8135682&dopt=Abstract
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The genetics of pediatric-onset bipolar disorder. Author(s): Faraone SV, Glatt SJ, Tsuang MT. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 1; 53(11): 970-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788242&dopt=Abstract
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The high affinity inositol transport system--implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): van Calker D, Belmaker RH. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 June; 2(2): 102-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252649&dopt=Abstract
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The impact of lithium prophylaxis on the course of bipolar disorder: a review of the research evidence. Author(s): Maj M. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 June; 2(2): 93-101. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11252656&dopt=Abstract
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The impact of reproductive events on the course of bipolar disorder in women. Author(s): Freeman MP, Smith KW, Freeman SA, McElroy SL, Kmetz GE, Wright R, Keck PE Jr. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 April; 63(4): 284-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12004800&dopt=Abstract
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The impact of substance abuse on the course of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Strakowski SM, DelBello MP, Fleck DE, Arndt S. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 477-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018221&dopt=Abstract
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The importance of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Author(s): McEvoy JP, Allen TB. Source: Current Drug Targets. Cns and Neurological Disorders. 2002 August; 1(4): 43342. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12769615&dopt=Abstract
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The increasing use of anticonvulsants in prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Yang YY, Deng HC, Wang BH. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998 August; 52(4): 429-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9766693&dopt=Abstract
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The index manic episode in juvenile-onset bipolar disorder: the pattern of recovery. Author(s): Rajeev J, Srinath S, Reddy YC, Shashikiran MG, Girimaji SC, Seshadri SP, Subbakrishna DK. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2003 February; 48(1): 52-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12635565&dopt=Abstract
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The influence of successful prophylactic drug treatment on cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Wolf T, Muller-Oerlinghausen B. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 August; 4(4): 263-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12190716&dopt=Abstract
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The lifetime cost of bipolar disorder in the US: an estimate for new cases in 1998. Author(s): Begley CE, Annegers JF, Swann AC, Lewis C, Coan S, Schnapp WB, BryantComstock L. Source: Pharmacoeconomics. 2001; 19(5 Pt 1): 483-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11465308&dopt=Abstract
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The long-term management of bipolar disorders with lithium, carbamazepine, and antidepressants. Author(s): Fawcett J, Kravitz HM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1985 February; 46(2): 58-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3968046&dopt=Abstract
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The Maudsley bipolar disorder project. A survey of psychotropic prescribing patterns in bipolar I disorder. Author(s): Frangou S, Raymont V, Bettany D. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 December; 4(6): 378-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12519097&dopt=Abstract
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The Maudsley bipolar disorder project. Clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder I in a Catchment area treatment sample. Author(s): Raymont V, Bettany D, Frangou S. Source: European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2003 February; 18(1): 13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12648890&dopt=Abstract
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The Maudsley Bipolar Disorder Project: the effect of medication, family history, and duration of illness on IQ and memory in bipolar I disorder. Author(s): Donaldson S, Goldstein LH, Landau S, Raymont V, Frangou S. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003 January; 64(1): 86-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12590629&dopt=Abstract
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The mitochondrial hypothesis of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Hough CJ, Chuang DM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2000 September; 2(3 Pt 1): 145-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11256681&dopt=Abstract
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The nature of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Manji HK, Lenox RH. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Supp 13: 42-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11153812&dopt=Abstract
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The neurobiology of bipolar disorder: focus on signal transduction pathways and the regulation of gene expression. Author(s): Bezchlibnyk Y, Young LT. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 2002 March; 47(2): 135-48. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11926075&dopt=Abstract
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The phospholipase C-gamma1 gene (PLCG1) and lithium-responsive bipolar disorder: re-examination of an intronic dinucleotide repeat polymorphism. Author(s): Lovlie R, Berle JO, Stordal E, Steen VM. Source: Psychiatric Genetics. 2001 March; 11(1): 41-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11409699&dopt=Abstract
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The place of anticonvulsants and other putative mood stabilisers in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mitchell PB. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 December; 33 Suppl: S99-107. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10622184&dopt=Abstract
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The prevalence of affective disorder and in particular of a rapid cycling of bipolar disorder in patients with abnormal thyroid function tests. Author(s): Oomen HA, Schipperijn AJ, Drexhage HA. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 1996 August; 45(2): 215-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8881455&dopt=Abstract
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The prevalence of comorbid anxiety in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cosoff SJ, Hafner RJ. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1998 February; 32(1): 6772. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9565185&dopt=Abstract
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The prevalence of major depressive and bipolar disorders in Hungary. Results from a national epidemiologic survey. Author(s): Szadoczky E, Papp Z, Vitrai J, Rihmer Z, Furedi J. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 September; 50(2-3): 153-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9858075&dopt=Abstract
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The prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Silverstone T, Romans S. Source: N Z Med J. 1995 October 13; 108(1009): 397-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7478331&dopt=Abstract
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The prognostic significance of “switching” in patients with bipolar disorder: a 10year prospective follow-up study. Author(s): Maj M, Pirozzi R, Magliano L, Bartoli L. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 October; 159(10): 1711-7. Erratum In: Am J Psychiatry 2002 December; 159(12): 2132. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12359677&dopt=Abstract
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The relationship between bipolar disorder and alcoholism: a controlled family study. Author(s): Maier W, Lichtermann D, Minges J, Delmo C, Heun R. Source: Psychological Medicine. 1995 July; 25(4): 787-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7480456&dopt=Abstract
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The relationship between substance abuse and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Brady KT, Sonne SC. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1995; 56 Suppl 3: 19-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7883738&dopt=Abstract
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The relatively good prognosis of bipolar disorders in a Turkish bipolar clinic. Author(s): Ozerdem A, Tunca Z, Kaya N. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 April; 64(1): 27-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11292517&dopt=Abstract
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The reproducibility of depressive and hypomanic symptoms across repeated episodes in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Author(s): Leibenluft E, Clark CH, Myers FS. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1995 February 21; 33(2): 83-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7759665&dopt=Abstract
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The risk of suicide in patients with bipolar disorders. Author(s): Simpson SG, Jamison KR. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1999; 60 Suppl 2: 53-6; Discussion 75-6, 113-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10073388&dopt=Abstract
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The role of antipsychotic agents in the treatment of bipolar disorder patients. Author(s): Soares JC, Mallinger AG, Gershon S. Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1997 March; 12(2): 65-76. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9219041&dopt=Abstract
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The role of novel antipsychotics in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Yatham LN. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002; 63 Suppl 3: 10-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11908916&dopt=Abstract
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The role of serotonin transporter protein gene in antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar disorder: preliminary findings. Author(s): Mundo E, Walker M, Cate T, Macciardi F, Kennedy JL. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001 June; 58(6): 539-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11386982&dopt=Abstract
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The search for the wandering thymostat: a review of some developments in bipolar disorder research. Author(s): Ferrier IN, MacMillan IC, Young AH. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement. 2001 June; 41: S103-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11450169&dopt=Abstract
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The somatics of psyche: structural neuromorphometry of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Benabarre A, Vieta E, Martinez-Aran A, Reinares M, Colom F, Lomena F, Martin F, Valdes M. Source: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2002 July-August; 71(4): 180-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12097782&dopt=Abstract
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The temporal relationship between anxiety disorders and (hypo)mania: a retrospective examination of 63 panic, social phobic and obsessive-compulsive patients with comorbid bipolar disorder. Author(s): Perugi G, Akiskal HS, Toni C, Simonini E, Gemignani A. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001 December; 67(1-3): 199-206. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11869769&dopt=Abstract
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The treated prevalence of bipolar disorder in a large staff-model HMO. Author(s): Unutzer J, Simon G, Pabiniak C, Bond K, Katon W. Source: Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.). 1998 August; 49(8): 1072-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9712215&dopt=Abstract
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The treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Author(s): James AC, Javaloyes AM. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 2001 May; 42(4): 439-49. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11383960&dopt=Abstract
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The use of administrative data to assess quality of care for bipolar disorder in a large staff model HMO. Author(s): Unutzer J, Simon G, Pabiniak C, Bond K, Katon W. Source: General Hospital Psychiatry. 2000 January-February; 22(1): 1-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10715498&dopt=Abstract
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The use of cannabis as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder: anecdotal evidence and the need for clinical research. Author(s): Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. Source: J Psychoactive Drugs. 1998 April-June; 30(2): 171-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9692379&dopt=Abstract
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The use of ECT for mania in childhood bipolar disorder. Author(s): Carr V, Dorrington C, Schrader G, Wale J. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1983 October; 143: 411-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6626861&dopt=Abstract
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The use of lithium and management of women with bipolar disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Author(s): Llewellyn A, Stowe ZN, Strader JR Jr. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998; 59 Suppl 6: 57-64; Discussion 65. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9674938&dopt=Abstract
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The use of mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with bipolar disorders. Author(s): Kowatch RA, DelBello MP. Source: Cns Spectr. 2003 April; 8(4): 273-80. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12679742&dopt=Abstract
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The use of primidone in the treatment of refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schaffer LC, Schaffer CB, Caretto J. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1999 June; 11(2): 61-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10440522&dopt=Abstract
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The use of quetiapine for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder: a case series. Author(s): Ghaemi SN, Katzow JJ. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1999 September; 11(3): 137-40. Erratum In: Ann Clin Psychiatry 2000 March; 12(1): 63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10482123&dopt=Abstract
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The use of risperidone in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schaffer CB, Schaffer LC. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1996 March; 57(3): 136. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8617699&dopt=Abstract
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The use of the Rorschach to differentiate unipolar and bipolar disorders. Author(s): Singer HK, Brabender V. Source: Journal of Personality Assessment. 1993 April; 60(2): 333-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8473969&dopt=Abstract
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The use of valproate in the treatment of mentally retarded persons with typical and atypical bipolar disorders. Author(s): Sovner R. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1989 March; 50 Suppl: 40-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2494159&dopt=Abstract
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The Wnt signaling pathway in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gould TD, Manji HK. Source: The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry. 2002 October; 8(5): 497-511. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12374432&dopt=Abstract
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The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders, Part II: Treatment of Mania. Author(s): Grunze H, Kasper S, Goodwin G, Bowden C, Baldwin D, Licht RW, Vieta E, Moller HJ; WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorders. Source: World J Biol Psychiatry. 2003 January; 4(1): 5-13. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12582971&dopt=Abstract
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Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of carbamazepine in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Okuma T. Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1983 March; 6(1): 157-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6351033&dopt=Abstract
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Therapeutic drug monitoring of mood stabilizers in Medicaid patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Marcus SC, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Zarin DA, Kupfer DJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 July; 156(7): 1014-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10401444&dopt=Abstract
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Third generation anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder: a review of efficacy and summary of clinical recommendations. Author(s): Yatham LN, Kusumakar V, Calabrese JR, Rao R, Scarrow G, Kroeker G. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002 April; 63(4): 275-83. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12000201&dopt=Abstract
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Thrombin-induced platelet calcium mobilization is enhanced in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Kusumi I, Koyama T, Yamashita I. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1992 October 15; 32(8): 731-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1457629&dopt=Abstract
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Thyroid function tests in first-episode bipolar disorder manic and mixed types. Author(s): Zarate CA, Tohen M, Zarate SB. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1997 August 15; 42(4): 302-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9270910&dopt=Abstract
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Thyroid hypofunction in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder after lithium challenge. Author(s): Gyulai L, Bauer M, Bauer MS, Garcia-Espana F, Cnaan A, Whybrow PC. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 May 15; 53(10): 899-905. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12742677&dopt=Abstract
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in a patient with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Philpot VB Jr. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1993 Summer; 5(3): 349-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8369648&dopt=Abstract
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Tiagabine and the treatment of refractory bipolar disorder. Author(s): Schaffer LC, Schaffer CB. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 December; 156(12): 2014-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10588423&dopt=Abstract
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Tiagabine in treatment refractory bipolar disorder: a clinical case series. Author(s): Suppes T, Chisholm KA, Dhavale D, Frye MA, Altshuler LL, McElroy SL, Keck PE, Nolen WA, Kupka R, Denicoff KD, Leverich GS, Rush AJ, Post RM. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 October; 4(5): 283-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479659&dopt=Abstract
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Tobacco smoking and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Gonzalez-Pinto A, Gutierrez M, Ezcurra J, Aizpuru F, Mosquera F, Lopez P, de Leon J. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998 May; 59(5): 225-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9632031&dopt=Abstract
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Tolerability of combined treatment with lithium and paroxetine in patients with bipolar disorder and depression. Author(s): Fagiolini A, Buysse DJ, Frank E, Houck PR, Luther JF, Kupfer DJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2001 October; 21(5): 474-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11593071&dopt=Abstract
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Topiramate versus bupropion SR when added to mood stabilizer therapy for the depressive phase of bipolar disorder: a preliminary single-blind study. Author(s): McIntyre RS, Mancini DA, McCann S, Srinivasan J, Sagman D, Kennedy SH. Source: Bipolar Disorders. 2002 June; 4(3): 207-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12180276&dopt=Abstract
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Toward a re-definition of subthreshold bipolarity: epidemiology and proposed criteria for bipolar-II, minor bipolar disorders and hypomania. Author(s): Angst J, Gamma A, Benazzi F, Ajdacic V, Eich D, Rossler W. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003 January; 73(1-2): 133-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12507746&dopt=Abstract
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Toward an understanding of bipolar disorder and its origin. Author(s): Rush AJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003; 64 Suppl 6: 4-8; Discussion 28. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12720474&dopt=Abstract
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Traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia in members of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder pedigrees. Author(s): Malaspina D, Goetz RR, Friedman JH, Kaufmann CA, Faraone SV, Tsuang M, Cloninger CR, Nurnberger JI Jr, Blehar MC. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 March; 158(3): 440-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11229986&dopt=Abstract
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Traumatic brain injury in individuals convicted of sexual offenses with and without bipolar disorder. Author(s): DelBello MP, Soutullo CA, Zimmerman ME, Sax KW, Williams JR, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1999 December 27; 89(3): 281-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10708275&dopt=Abstract
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Treating a child with Asperger's disorder and comorbid bipolar disorder. Author(s): Frazier JA, Doyle R, Chiu S, Coyle JT. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 January; 159(1): 13-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11772683&dopt=Abstract
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Treating panic disorder -- its comorbidity with bipolar disorders. Author(s): Manning JS. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 1999 January-February; 12(1): 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10050651&dopt=Abstract
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Treating the suicidal patient with bipolar disorder. Reducing suicide risk with lithium. Author(s): Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001 April; 932: 24-38; Discussion 39-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11411189&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment advances in bipolar disorder--making up for lost time. Author(s): Keck PE Jr. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2000 September 15; 48(6): 430-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018214&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment delays in bipolar disorders. Author(s): Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 May; 156(5): 811-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10327940&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment guidelines: current and future management of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Goldberg JF. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2000; 61 Supp 13: 12-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11153806&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of a case of comorbid bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Author(s): Schaller JL, Behar D. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998 Spring; 10(2): 235-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9608417&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of aggression in patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Swann AC. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1999; 60 Suppl 15: 25-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10418811&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of agitation in bipolar disorder across the life cycle. Author(s): Alderfer BS, Allen MH. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003; 64 Suppl 4: 3-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12672259&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Author(s): Kafantaris V. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995 June; 34(6): 732-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7608046&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bipolar disorder in older adults. Author(s): Sajatovic M. Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2002 September; 17(9): 865-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12221662&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bipolar disorder, depressed phase augmentation/switching strategies. Author(s): Woggon B. Source: Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997; 25: 78-87. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9344371&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Whitefield SG, Lepage JP. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996 November; 153(11): 1511; Author Reply 1511-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8890700&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Barr M. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1992 January 6; 156(1): 70-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1734206&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bipolar disorder. Author(s): Mitchell PB, Parker GB. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1991 October 7; 155(7): 488-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1921822&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bipolar disorder: how far have we come? Author(s): Hopkins HS, Gelenberg AJ. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1994; 30(1): 27-38. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7972626&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of bulimia and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder with sodium valproate: a case report. Author(s): Herridge PL, Pope HG Jr. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1985 August; 5(4): 229-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3926833&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of depression in bipolar disorder: new directions for research. Author(s): Zornberg GL, Pope HG Jr. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1993 December; 13(6): 397-408. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8120153&dopt=Abstract
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Trends in the treatment of bipolar disorder by outpatient psychiatrists. Author(s): Blanco C, Laje G, Olfson M, Marcus SC, Pincus HA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 June; 159(6): 1005-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12042190&dopt=Abstract
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Trinucleotide repeat expansions: do they contribute to bipolar disorder? Author(s): Goossens D, Del-Favero J, Van Broeckhoven C. Source: Brain Research Bulletin. 2001 October-November 1; 56(3-4): 243-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11719258&dopt=Abstract
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Tryptophan depletion in stable lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder in remission. Author(s): Benkelfat C, Seletti B, Palmour RM, Hillel J, Ellenbogen M, Young SN. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1995 February; 52(2): 154-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7848051&dopt=Abstract
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Twelve-month outcome of patients with DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder: comparisons to matched patients with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Strakowski SM, Keck PE Jr, Sax KW, McElroy SL, Hawkins JM. Source: Schizophrenia Research. 1999 January 11; 35(2): 167-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9988853&dopt=Abstract
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Two-dimensional assessment of cytoarchitecture in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia: evidence for decreased neuronal somal size and increased neuronal density. Author(s): Chana G, Landau S, Beasley C, Everall IP, Cotter D. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 2003 June 15; 53(12): 1086-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12814860&dopt=Abstract
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Two-year prospective follow-up of children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. Author(s): Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Nickelsburg MJ, Williams M, Zimerman B. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 June; 159(6): 927-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12042179&dopt=Abstract
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