Acoustic Neuroma - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

ACOUSTIC NEUROMA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

ii

ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Acoustic Neuroma: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00014-8 1. Acoustic Neuroma-Popular works. I. Title.

iii

Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

iv

Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on acoustic neuroma. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

v

About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

vi

About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

vii

Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA ............................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Acoustic Neuroma ........................................................................ 9 E-Journals: PubMed Central ....................................................................................................... 11 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed ................................................................................ 12 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACOUSTIC NEUROMA ..................................................................... 55 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 55 Finding Nutrition Studies on Acoustic Neuroma ....................................................................... 55 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 56 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACOUSTIC NEUROMA............................................... 59 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 59 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 59 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 64 General References ....................................................................................................................... 65 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA................................................................. 67 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 67 Dissertations on Acoustic Neuroma ............................................................................................ 67 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 67 CHAPTER 5. PATENTS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA ........................................................................... 69 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 69 Patent Applications on Acoustic Neuroma.................................................................................. 69 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 71 CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA ............................................................................... 73 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 73 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 73 Chapters on Acoustic Neuroma ................................................................................................... 74 Directories.................................................................................................................................... 79 CHAPTER 7. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA ................................................. 83 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 83 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 83 Newsletter Articles ...................................................................................................................... 85 Academic Periodicals covering Acoustic Neuroma...................................................................... 90 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 93 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 93 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 93 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 95 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 97 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 99 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 99 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 99 Associations and Acoustic Neuroma ......................................................................................... 106 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................. 107 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................ 109 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 109 Preparation................................................................................................................................. 109 Finding a Local Medical Library................................................................................................ 109 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................. 109

viii Contents

ONLINE GLOSSARIES................................................................................................................ 115 Online Dictionary Directories ................................................................................................... 118 ACOUSTIC NEUROMA DICTIONARY .................................................................................. 119 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 151

1

FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with acoustic neuroma is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about acoustic neuroma, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to acoustic neuroma, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on acoustic neuroma. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to acoustic neuroma, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on acoustic neuroma. The Editors

1

From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

3

CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on acoustic neuroma.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and acoustic neuroma, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Tinnitus and Acoustic Neuroma Source: ANA Notes. 2003;68. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association. 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041. 770-205-8211; Fax:770-205-0239. Web site: http://www.ANAUSA.org. E-mail: [email protected]. Summary: Dr. John W. House discusses tinnitus, including diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, and its relationship to acoustic neuroma. Dr House describes tinnitus as a common symptom of hearing loss and a possible early sign of an acoustic neuroma.

4

•

Acoustic Neuroma

Cochlear Implantation in a Patient After Removal of an Acoustic Neuroma: The Implications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Gadolinium on Patient Management Source: Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 121(4): 465-468. April 1995. Summary: In this article, the authors report a case in which an acoustic tumor was removed from an only-hearing ear in a patient with neurofibromatosis after hearing loss had progressed in the ear but before the development of total deafness. Postoperatively, the patient successfully underwent cochlear implantation. The authors also discuss decisions that were made during the surgical procedure, as well as the feasibility of cochlear implantation in patients with profound deafness after the excision of acoustic neuromas. 2 figures. 29 references. (AA-M).

•

Acoustic Neuroma Standard of Care Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 29(2): 277-289. April 1996. Summary: Patients who have undergone acoustic neuroma surgery require expert, comprehensive nursing care. This article includes information on the standard of care and tables on neurological assessment. It also discusses potential complications, including cranial nerve involvement, meningitis; the Acoustic Neuroma Association; home safety; and discharge instructions. The authors conclude that a holistic, multidisciplinary approach can promote the recovery of acoustic neuroma patients and ultimately improve their outcomes. They emphasize that nurses play a key role in assisting patients to adjust to potential limitations and achieve their post-operative goals. 7 tables. 8 references.

•

Comprehensive Management of Bilateral Acoustic Neuromas: Current Perspectives Source: Archives of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 120(12): 1307-1314. December 1994. Summary: This article describes a management strategy for patients with bilateral acoustic neuromas and presents case reports to show their diversity. The authors note that patients with neurofibromatosis 2 present complex and challenging management problems, because either growth or surgical removal of the acoustic neuroma may result in total hearing loss. Early diagnosis with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and refinements in hearing preservation surgery have improved the ability to prevent total hearing loss. For patients with larger tumors or no useful hearing, the auditory brain-stem implant allows restoration of some auditory function when the tumor is removed. The authors also discuss the newly identified neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor gene. 6 figures. 46 references. (AA-M).

•

Acoustic Neuroma: Triumph and Disaster Source: British Journal of Medicine. 49(2): 85,87. 1993. Summary: This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of acoustic neuromas. Topics covered include a description of acoustic neuromas; the growth rate of these tumors; acoustic neuromas in young patients; the role of genetics; symptoms of acoustic neuroma; diagnostic tests; management considerations; surgical treatment; monitoring of the facial nerve during surgery; managing patients with bilateral acoustic tumors; and the importance of a multidisciplinary team of professionals to treat patients with acoustic neuromas.

Studies

•

5

Treating the Oral Sequelae of an Acoustic Neuroma Source: JADA. Journal of American Dental Association. 127(2): 231-233. February 1996. Summary: This article describes the treatment of oral complications that arose after surgery for the removal of an acoustic brain tumor. The authors contend that a thorough oral examination can pinpoint the cranial nerves that have been affected by the tumor or the surgery, and that dental appliances can offer special protection after surgery. The authors present the dental case of a 49-year-old woman after undergoing acoustic neuroma removal. Postoperative care included the construction of a special periodontal appliance to allow healing of a chronic ulcer on the patient's lip, attributed to paralysis of the face after surgery and resulting inadvertent chewing. 5 figures. 10 references.

•

LINAC Radiosurgery for Acoustic Schwannomas Source: Acoustic Neuroma Association NOTES. Number 47: 1, 3. September 1993. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This article describes the use of linear accelerators (LINACs) to perform radiosurgery for acoustic schwannomas. After a brief history of the development and use of LINAC radiosurgery, the author discusses the details of this technique. The author also reports on his experience in treating 34 patients with acoustic schwannomas. The author concludes that radiosurgery represents an attractive alternative for patients who are older than 65, have persistent or recurrent tumor after surgery, or conditions such as cardiac or pulmonary disease.

•

When to Suspect an Acoustic Neuroma Source: American Family Physician. 52(6): 1768-1774. November 1, 1995. Summary: This article discusses acoustic neuroma, a tumor that compresses the cochlear (acoustic) branch of the eighth cranial nerve, causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and disequilibrium. The author presents and discusses two illustrative cases of acoustic neuroma. The author discusses diagnosis, including the use of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; surgical removal using a translabyrinthine approach; and the use of radiation therapy and expectant management in patients at high surgical risk. 5 figures. 2 tables. 16 references. (AA-M).

•

Management of Bilateral Acoustic Neuroma Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 25(2): 449-469. April 1992. Summary: This article discusses the management of bilateral acoustic neuroma. The authors review the literature, present their methods of diagnosis and treatment, summarize their results and complications encountered, and discuss their management philosophy in the care of patients with neurofibromatosis 2. Specific topics covered include the differences between neurofibromatosis 1 and 2, nomenclature, genetics, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, family screening and counseling, surgical techniques, stereotactic radiotherapy (gamma knife), and chemotherapy. The authors then report on their 20 years' experience managing 86 acoustic tumors in 49 patients with neurofibromatosis. 3 figures. 5 tables. 67 references. (AA-M).

6

•

Acoustic Neuroma

Is There Still a Role for Auditory Brainstem Response Audiometry in the Diagnosis of Acoustic Neuroma? Source: Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 125(2): 232-234. February 1999. Contact: Available from American Medical Association. Subscriber Services Center, P.O. Box 10946, Chicago, IL 60610-0946. (800) 262-2350. Fax (312) 464-5831. E-mail: [email protected]. Summary: This article discusses the use of auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. The author describes the pros and cons of the use of ABR in the diagnostic workup. In the final section of the article, the author provides recommendations for the role of ABR audiometry. The author argues for a reduced role (compared to 10 years ago) for ABR audiometry in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. If MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) can be provided at reduced cost, it provides definitive diagnosis and there is little need for ABR audiometry in the workup of acoustic neuroma. However, ABR audiometry still has a role in several scenarios: patients in whom MRI is contraindicated (excessive obesity or the presence of metal or pacemaker implants); elderly or terminally ill patients who are poor surgical risks, with minimal symptoms attributable to acoustic neuroma and in whom large tumors must be ruled out; and preoperative ABR audiometry to predict the likelihood of hearing preservation. For those patients who undergo ABR audiometry instead of MRI as the initial study, they must be informed that if the results of ABR audiometry are normal, a small acoustic tumor may be missed 10 to 30 percent of the time. These patients must then undergo a follow up evaluation and audiogram 6 months to 1 year later to look for progression of symptoms and unilateral hearing loss. 22 references.

•

Complications in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 25(2): 389-412. April 1992. Summary: This article outlines complications that can arise during and after acoustic neuroma surgery. The authors begin with a brief summary of the work of Dr. Harvey Cushing and Dr. William House. The remainder of the article discusses intracranial vascular complications, posterior fossa hemorrhage, supratentorial hemorrhage, cerebellar problems, complications of positioning in surgery, incomplete tumor removal, facial paralysis, pneumocephalus, injury of cranial nerves, meningitis, aseptic meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and their management, medical complications, miscellaneous perioperative complications, vertigo and imbalance, and contralateral hearing loss. The authors conclude that the occurrence of complications can be greatly reduced through a team approach using the combined talents of a neurotologist, neurosurgeon, and frequently, an internist. 4 figures. 65 references.

•

Case Report: Acoustic Neuroma Appearing as Trigeminal Neuralgia Source: JADA. Journal of the American Dental Association. 125(8): 1122-1125. August 1994. Summary: This article presents a case report and discussion of the differentiation between acoustic neuroma and trigeminal neuralgia. The authors stress that a complete history and examination, often including radiological imaging, is needed to differentiate the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia from more life-threatening disorders. The case report documents a 43-year-old man with a six-month history of lightning-like flashes of pain in his left lip and cheek. The authors discuss facial pain and its etiology;

Studies

7

neurological abnormalities caused by certain intracranial tumors; pharmaceutical and surgical options for trigeminal neuralgia; and choosing diagnostic tests. 2 figures. 30 references. (AA-M). •

Preservation of Facial, Cochlear, and Other Nerve Functions in Acoustic Neuroma Treatment Source: Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 110(2): 146-155. February 1994. Summary: This article presents data from the past 7 years of the treatment of acoustic neuromas by surgical excision at one facility in Paris, France. The translabyrinthine approach has been used in more than 85 percent of cases. The authors note that results improved during 1991 after the introduction of continuous facial nerve monitoring and the use of the Beaver mini-blade for dissection of tumor from nerve. The authors report on their results in hearing preservation and note that, despite earlier diagnosis, the number of patients suitable for hearing preservation surgery remains very limited and careful selection is required. They conclude that their experiences emphasize the advantages of the translabyrinthine approach, which offers greater security to the facial nerve and lower morbidity. 3 figures. 4 tables. 30 references. (AA-M).

•

Conservative Management of Acoustic Neuroma: An Outcome Study Source: Otolaryngology Journal Club Journal. 4(5): 275-277. October 1997. Summary: This article provides a condensation of a research study undertaken to analyze selection criteria, clinical outcome, and tumor growth rates in patients with acoustic neuroma in whom the initial management strategy was observation. The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients with conservatively managed unilateral acoustic neuroma. Sixty-eight patients (31 men and 37 women, mean age 67.1 years) were observed for an average of 3.4 years after diagnosis. Minimum follow up was 6 months. Patients with neurofibromatosis type II were excluded. Initial symptoms included hearing loss in 58 patients (85 percent), vertigo in 26 patients (38 percent), tinnitus in 23 patients (34 percent), trigeminal neuropathy in 3 patients (4 percent), and facial neuropathy in 2 patients (3 percent). Reasons for the initial selection of conservative treatment included advanced age, patient preference, minimal symptoms, poor general medical condition, asymptomatic tumor, and tumor in only the hearing ear. Results in this population showed that 58 patients (85 percent) were successfully managed with observation alone; 10 patients (15 percent) ultimately required treatment. Of those 10 people, 9 underwent neurosurgery and 1 underwent radiosurgery, at the mean time interval of 4 years after diagnosis. In this time frame, 48 tumors (71 percent) showed no growth and 20 tumors (29 percent) enlarged. The authors conclude that observation is a reasonable management strategy in carefully selected patients with acoustic neuromas. Diligent follow up with serial magnetic resonance imaging is recommended, because some tumors will enlarge to a point at which active treatment is required. 3 tables. 4 references. (AA-M).

•

Acoustic Neuroma Update Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 29(3): 377-392. June 1996. Summary: This article provides an update on the diagnosis and management of acoustic neuromas. The authors discuss managed care versus the 'gold standard' of care. Treatment options described, include observation, surgery, facial nerve preservation, hearing preservation, and stereotactic radiation therapy. The article also addresses the management of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2, including hearing preservation,

8

Acoustic Neuroma

middle fossa decompression of the internal auditory canal, and auditory brainstem implant. The authors stress that the outcome for patients with both unilateral and bilateral tumors continues to improve. 9 figures. 19 references. •

Hearing Preservation in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Fact or Fantasy? Source: Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 109(5): 374-380. May 1995. Summary: This article reports on a study in which the authors reviewed 57 papers dealing with the issue of hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery, published in otolaryngologic and neurosurgical literature between the years 1977 and 1994. The authors have made an attempt to verify whether the claims of hearing preservation are real, whether there is a price to be paid in terms of morbidity, and whether there are univocal criteria for reporting results. Their review shows that there is a wide disarray in reporting hearing results and the claims of hearing preservation are often unreal and misleading. On retabulating the results of a few series according to the minimal prerequisites for normal hearing and according to other various commonly reported criteria, it became evident that rates of hearing preservation differed greatly, depending upon criteria. While any measurable hearing could be preserved in many cases, only a few had normal hearing preserved. 1 table. 57 references. (AA-M).

•

Sensitivity of Auditory Brainstem Response Testing for the Diagnosis of Acoustic Neuromas Source: Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 127(1): 19-22. January 2001. Contact: Available from American Medical Association. Subscriber Services, P.O. 10946, Chicago, IL 60610-0946. (800) 262-3250 or (312) 670-7827. Fax (312) 464-5831. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.ama-assn.org/oto. Summary: This article reports on a study undertaken to determine the sensitivity of auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing for detecting acoustic neuromas and to determine whether the test is less sensitive for detecting small tumors. The authors completed a retrospective review of the medical charts of 58 patients with acoustic neuroma. Tumor size ranged from 0.4 to 7 centimeters. The overall sensitivity of ABR in diagnosing acoustic tumors was 90 percent. However, ABR was progressively less sensitive with decreasing tumor size. Only 7 (58 percent) of the 12 tumors 1 centimeter or smaller were detected by ABR. The authors conclude that ABR cannot be relied on for detection of small acoustic neuromas and should not be used as a criterion to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging should be performed when an acoustic neuroma is suspected clinically (based on the symptoms). The ability to detect small tumors is important because outcome with regard to facial nerve function and hearing preservation following surgery, as well as costs, is improved following treatment for small tumors. 1 figure. 1 table. 19 references.

•

Some Aspects of Life Quality After Surgery for Acoustic Neuroma Source: Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 118(10): 1061-1064. October 1992. Summary: This article reports on an investigation performed to describe some aspects of the quality of life in subjects after translabyrinthine removal of an acoustic neuroma, resulting in unilateral total deafness. Ninety-three percent of a surveyed population of subjects who were operated on during 1976 through 1990 responded: 118 men and 155

Studies

9

women with a median age of 58 years (range, 18 to 81 years). Among the subjects, 22 percent had received postoperative hearing rehabilitation with various types of hearing aids in the ear not operated on. In 62 percent, tinnitus was experienced in the ear with tumor before surgery, and at the time of the questionnaire, 49 percent experienced tinnitus in the ear operated on. Half a year after surgery, 56 percent still experienced dizziness. Sixty-four percent reported damage to the facial nerve in relationship to the operation. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that deafness, dysequilibrium, and reduced facial nerve function causes the most severe problems. The authors propose that improved information to patients before surgery may reduce the frequency of negative experiences. 3 figures. 5 tables. 12 references. (AA-M). •

Trigeminal Neuralgia Due to an Acoustic Neuroma in the Cerebellopontine Angle Source: Journal of Orofacial Pain. 14(2): 147-151. Spring 2000. Contact: Available from Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. 551 Kimberly Drive, Carol Stream, IL 60188-1881. (800) 621-0387 or (630) 682-3223. Fax (630) 682-3288. Website: www.quintpub.com. Summary: This case report first reviews the intracranial tumors associated with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Among patients with TN like symptoms, 6 to 16 percent are variously reported to have intracranial tumors. The most common cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor to cause TN like symptoms is a benign tumor called an acoustic neuroma. The reported clinical symptoms of the acoustic neuroma are hearing deficits (60 to 97 percent), tinnitus (50 to 66 percent), vestibular disturbances (46 to 59 percent), numbness or tingling in the face (33 percent), headache (19 to 29 percent), dizziness (23 percent), facial paresis (17 percent), and trigeminal nerve disturbances (12 to 45 percent). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) are used to detect intracranial tumors. The authors then report a rare case of a young female patient who was mistakenly diagnosed and treated for a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) but who was subsequently found to have an acoustic neuroma located in the CPA. 2 figures. 23 references.

•

Evaluation and Management of Acoustic Neuroma Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1(1): 53-63. 1993. Summary: This review article summarizes advances in basic science and the controversies regarding the clinical management of acoustic neuroma. Topics covered include the application of genetic mapping and molecular oncology to the study of acoustic tumors, tumor growth rate, timing of surgery, subtotal removals, the importance of residual tumor, radiosurgical versus surgical approaches, neurofibromatosis 2, and the complications and quality-of-life issues relevant to acoustic tumors. 93 references. (AA-M).

Federally Funded Research on Acoustic Neuroma The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to acoustic neuroma. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of

10

Acoustic Neuroma

Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to acoustic neuroma. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore acoustic neuroma. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for acoustic neuroma: •

Project Title: DOPPLER ULTRASOUND COCHLEAR BLOODFLOW MONITOR Principal Investigator & Institution: Voie, Arne H.; Spencer Technologies 701 16Th Ave Seattle, Wa 98122 Timing: Fiscal Year 2000; Project Start 01-JAN-1998; Project End 31-AUG-2004 Summary: Cochlear blood flow monitoring is essential during neuro-surgical procedures, which may disrupt inner ear blood flow, and also promises to provide important information to determine therapy for Sudden Deafness Syndrome. LaserDoppler flowmetry has been used in the cochlear, but is surgically difficult to implement, is vulnerable to motion artifact, and observes regional rather than total cochlear blood flow. This proposal is to build a novel high-frequency pulse Doppler ultrasound instrument to detect blood flow in the common modiolar vein (CMV), which comprises venous return for nearly all inner ear blood flow. The device will detect blood flow via the round window niche, which is easily accessible and outside the acoustic neuroma operating field. This instrument will provide immediate benefits in intraoperative monitoring of cochlear blood flow during acoustic neuroma surgery, and as a diagnostic aid for sudden deafness. In Phase I a prototype was successfully constructed and then tested on guinea pig model of the human CMV. Phase II will include integration of the ultrasound transducer into a catheter which can be secured in the human round window niche, and clinical trial testing. Phase II results will be used to design a Phase III device for the commercial market. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION This proposal is to build a cochlear blood flow monitor to be utilized in neurosurgical suites for presurgical assessment and diagnosis, and the otolaryngology office, where patients are now routinely seen for presurgical assessments including electrocochleograms and for diagnosis regarding sudden deafness. This device will help determine appropriate therapy for patients in both venues. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

•

Project Title: MEASUREMENT OF VESTIBULAR FUNCTION IN MENIERE'S DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Rauch, Steven D.; Associate Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 243 Charles St Boston, Ma 02114

Professor;

Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-APR-2000; Project End 31-MAR-2005 2

Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

Studies

11

Summary: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) The overall objective of the investigators is to apply both classic and new measures of vestibular function to the study of Meniere's disease (MD). These measures would enable earlier diagnosis which, in turn, could lead to better treatment response. These methods have the potential to provide a superior means of monitoring the course of the disease and its response to therapy. Finally, these vestibular function measures may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of MD symptoms since they are based upon the physiology of specific parts of the vestibular end-organs. To accomplish these goals, this project will apply vestibular function tests to three groups of subjects: normal controls, subjects with total unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) after acoustic neuroma removal, and MD subjects who, by the nature of their disease, have partial UVH. The three specific aims of this grant are: 1) Characterize the temporal relationship between acute vertigo attacks and long-term loss of vestibular function in MD subjects by correlating results of serial vestibular test batteries with clinical vestibular symptom status; 2) Test the hypothesis that otolith organ dysfunction is an early and consistent finding in MD by applying two new tests of otolith function, positional optokinetic afternystagmus (pOKAN) and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP); and 3) Lay the groundwork for detailed clinicopathological studies of the correlation between vestibular function tests and temporal bone vestibular otopathology by soliciting enrollment of study subjects as future temporal bone donors to the NIDCD National Temporal Bone, Hearing and Balance Pathology Resource Registry. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for acoustic neuroma in the PubMed Central database: •

3 4

Vestibular schwannoma with contralateral facial pain -- case report. by Eftekhar B, Gheini M, Ghodsi M, Ketabchi E.; 2003; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153508

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print.

12

Acoustic Neuroma

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with acoustic neuroma, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for acoustic neuroma (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

Acoustic neuroma in patients with completely resolved sudden hearing loss. Author(s): Nageris BI, Popovtzer A. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 2003 May; 112(5): 395-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12784975

•

Acoustic neuroma in pregnancy: emergency cesarean section and definitive neurosurgery. Author(s): Sharma JB, Pundir P, Sharma A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2003 March; 80(3): 321-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12628539

•

Acoustic neuroma management: an evidence-based medicine approach. Author(s): Nikolopoulos TP, O'Donoghue GM. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2002 July; 23(4): 534-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170158

•

Acoustic neuroma presenting as exercise-induced vertigo. Author(s): Chee NW, Tong HM. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 August; 116(8): 630-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12389693

6 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

Studies

13

•

Acoustic neuroma surgery and tinnitus. Author(s): Fahy C, Nikolopoulos TP, O'Donoghue GM. Source: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2002 July;259(6):299-301. Epub 2002 May 01. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12115076

•

Acoustic neuroma surgery outcomes. Author(s): Kaylie DM, Gilbert E, Horgan MA, Delashaw JB, McMenomey SO. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2001 September; 22(5): 686-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11568680

•

Acoustic neuroma surgery: the results of long-term hearing preservation. Author(s): Chee GH, Nedzelski JM, Rowed D. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2003 July; 24(4): 672-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12851563

•

Acoustic neuroma with malignant transformation. Case report. Author(s): Hanabusa K, Morikawa A, Murata T, Taki W. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2001 September; 95(3): 518-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11565878

•

Acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Ritchie MM, McEwen DR. Source: Semin Perioper Nurs. 2000 October; 9(4): 168-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12029771

•

Acoustic neuroma. Assessment and management. Author(s): Ho SY, Kveton JF. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2002 April; 35(2): 393-404, Viii. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12391625

•

Acoustic neuroma: deterioration of speech discrimination related to thresholds in pure-tone audiometry. Author(s): Van Dijk JE, Duijndam J, Graamans K. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2000 August; 120(5): 627-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11039874

14

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Acoustic neuroma: outcome study. Author(s): Nader R, Al-Abdulhadi K, Leblanc R, Zeitouni A. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2002 August; 31(4): 207-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12240754

•

Acoustic neuroma: postoperative quality of life. Author(s): Magliulo G, Zardo F, Damico R, Varacalli S, Forino M. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2000 December; 29(6): 344-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11770141

•

Acoustic neuroma: predominance of Antoni type B cells in tumors of patients with vestibular paresis. Author(s): Stipkovits EM, Graamans K, Jansen GH, Velthof MA. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2001 March; 22(2): 215-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11300272

•

Acoustic neuroma--surgery or radiosurgery? Author(s): Brophy BP. Source: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 2000; 74(3-4): 121-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11279355

•

Acoustic tumors: operation versus radiation--making sense of opposing viewpoints. Part I. Acoustic neuroma: decision making with all the tools. Author(s): Chakrabarti I, Apuzzo ML, Giannota SL. Source: Clin Neurosurg. 2003; 50: 293-312. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14677448

•

Acute pulmonary edema in relation with single coronary ostium following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Jativa M, Hantson P, Gurne O, Van Boven M, Gersdorff M. Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthesie. 2003 October; 50(8): 859-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14525839

•

Association of proliferative activity and size in acoustic neuroma: implications for timing of surgery. Author(s): Bedavanija A, Brieger J, Lehr HA, Maurer J, Mann WJ. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2003 April; 98(4): 807-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12691406

Studies

15

•

Audiovestibular findings prior to and after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Hahn A, Fundova P, Schneider D. Source: Int Tinnitus J. 2000; 6(1): 67-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14689622

•

Audit of headache following resection of acoustic neuroma using three different techniques of suboccipital approach. Author(s): Santarius T, D'Sousa AR, Zeitoun HM, Cruickshank G, Morgan DW. Source: Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2000; 121(2): 75-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10997062

•

Benign but fatal. Acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Bray CA. Source: Todays or Nurse. 1984 January; 6(1): 8-15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6558990

•

Bilateral acoustic neuroma (central neurofibromatosis): clinical and genetic studies. Author(s): Young DF, Eldridge R, Gardner WJ, Brody JA. Source: Neurology. 1970 April; 20(4): 400-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4998071

•

Bilateral acoustic neuroma in a large kindred. Author(s): Young DF, Eldridge R, Gardner WJ. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1970 October 12; 214(2): 347-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4990044

•

Bilateral acoustic neuroma. A human temporal bone report. Author(s): Benitez JT, Lopez-Rios G, Novoa V. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1967 July; 86(1): 25-31. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4961149

•

Bilateral hearing loss after unilateral removal of an acoustic neuroma by the suboccipital approach: case report. Author(s): Chovanes GI, Buchheit WA. Source: Neurosurgery. 1986 September; 19(3): 452-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3762896

16

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Biochemical studies of inner ear fluid in man. Changes in otosclerosis, Meniere's disease, and acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Silverstein H, Schuknecht HF. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1966 October; 84(4): 395-402. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5921712

•

Brain scan as an aid in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma recurrence. Author(s): Shephard RH, Hoather WH, McKenzie T. Source: Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1977 January; 18(1): 65-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=878893

•

Brain stem implantable electrodes in management of total deafness after removal of acoustic neuroma--a review of operative approaches. Author(s): Skarzynska B, Skarzynski H, Niemczyk K. Source: Folia Morphol (Warsz). 1996; 55(4): 442-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9243941

•

Brainstem auditory-evoked potentials and electrocochleography: comparison of different criteria for the detection of acoustic neuroma and other cerebello-pontine angle tumours. Author(s): Prasher DK, Gibson WP. Source: British Journal of Audiology. 1983 August; 17(3): 163-74. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6357325

•

Brainstem potentials in the diagnosis of an acoustic neuroma. An unusual case of normal ipsilateral and abnormal contralateral responses. Author(s): Coelho A, Prasher D. Source: Scandinavian Audiology. 1990; 19(4): 257-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2075419

•

Calculation of cranial nerve complication probability for acoustic neuroma radiosurgery. Author(s): Meeks SL, Buatti JM, Foote KD, Friedman WA, Bova FJ. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 June 1; 47(3): 597-602. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10837941

•

Cellular telephone use and risk of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Christensen HC, Schuz J, Kosteljanetz M, Poulsen HS, Thomsen J, Johansen C. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2004 February 1; 159(3): 277-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14742288

Studies

17

•

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome as a postoperative complication after surgical resection of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Roca-Ribas F, Ninno JE, Gasperin A, Lucas M, Llubia C. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2002 November; 23(6): 992-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12438868

•

Cerebro-spinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Sanna M, Falcioni M, Rohit. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2003 May; 24(3): 524. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12806313

•

Cerebrospinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery: a comparison of the translabyrinthine, middle fossa, and retrosigmoid approaches. Author(s): Becker SS, Jackler RK, Pitts LH. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2003 January; 24(1): 107-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12544038

•

Cerebrospinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery: influence of tumor size and surgical approach on incidence and response to treatment. Author(s): Brennan JW, Rowed DW, Nedzelski JM, Chen JM. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2001 February; 94(2): 217-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11213957

•

Cerebrospinal fluid loss and threshold changes. 1. Hearing loss in the contralateral ear after operation for acoustic neuroma: an analysis of the incidence, time course, frequency range, size and pathophysiological considerations. Author(s): Walsted A, Salomon G, Thomsen J, Tos M. Source: Audiology & Neuro-Otology. 1996 September-October; 1(5): 247-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9390806

•

Chronic otitis media masking coexistent acoustic neuroma. Author(s): d'Ecclesia A, Contucci A, Di Girolamo S, Meglio M, Paludetti G. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2002 February; 31(1): 49-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11881773

18

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Classic hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after acoustic neuroma resection. A review of 46 cases. Author(s): Kunihiro T, Higashino K, Kanzaki J. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 2003 January-February; 65(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12624499

•

Clinical and histopathologic features of recurrent vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) after stereotactic radiosurgery. Author(s): Lee DJ, Westra WH, Staecker H, Long D, Niparko JK, Slattery WH 3rd. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2003 July; 24(4): 650-60; Discussion 660. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12851560

•

Cochlear implantation concurrent with translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Ahsan S, Telischi F, Hodges A, Balkany T. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2003 March; 113(3): 472-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12616199

•

Cochlear implantation in an intralabyrinthine acoustic neuroma patient after resection of an intracanalicular tumor. Author(s): Tono T, Ushisako Y, Morimitsu T. Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 1997; 52: 155-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9042475

•

Coexisting otosclerosis and acoustic neuroma: report of a new case and literature review. Author(s): Marchese-Ragona R, Marioni G, Cassano L, Martini A. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2002 August; 31(4): 244-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12240763

•

Conservative management of acoustic neuroma: an outcome study. Author(s): Deen HG, Ebersold MJ, Harner SG, Beatty CW, Marion MS, Wharen RE, Green JD, Quast L. Source: Neurosurgery. 1996 August; 39(2): 260-4; Discussion 264-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8832662

•

Cost-effective screening for acoustic neuroma with unenhanced MR: a clinician's perspective. Author(s): Jackler RK. Source: Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 1996 August; 17(7): 1226-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8871703

Studies

19

•

Cost-effective screening for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Fitzgerald DC, Mark AS. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 December; 121(6): 846. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10580257

•

Costs and effects of microsurgery versus radiosurgery in treating acoustic neuroma. Author(s): van Roijen L, Nijs HG, Avezaat CJ, Karlsson G, Linquist C, Pauw KH, Rutten FF. Source: Acta Neurochirurgica. 1997; 139(10): 942-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9401654

•

Cranioplasty in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Wazen JJ, Sisti M, Lam SM. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2000 August; 110(8): 1294-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10942129

•

Cruveilhier and acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Pearce JM. Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 2003 August; 74(8): 1015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12876226

•

Current status of ABR audiometry in acoustic neuroma diagnosis. Author(s): Brackmann DE. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1999 February; 125(2): 235. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10037295

•

Decision and cost analysis in acoustic neuroma diagnosis. Author(s): Bance ML, Hyde ML, Malizia K. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1994 April; 23(2): 109-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8028068

•

Delayed facial palsy after acoustic neuroma resection: the role of viral reactivation. Author(s): Gianoli GJ, Kartush JM. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1996 July; 17(4): 625-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8841711

•

Delayed facial paralysis after acoustic neuroma surgery: factors influencing recovery. Author(s): Megerian CA, McKenna MJ, Ojemann RG. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1996 July; 17(4): 630-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8841712

20

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Delayed intracranial abscess after acoustic neuroma surgery: a report of two cases. Author(s): Staecker H, Nadol JB Jr, Ojeman R, McKenna MJ. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1999 May; 20(3): 369-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10337980

•

Delayed onset facial nerve dysfunction following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Lalwani AK, Butt FY, Jackler RK, Pitts LH, Yingling CD. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1995 November; 16(6): 758-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8572138

•

Demonstration of abnormal perfusion in the pons with high resolution SPECT and technetium-99m HMPAO in a patient with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Yui N, Togawa T, Kinoshita F, Namba H, Akiyama Y. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 1993 August; 7(3): 183-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8217494

•

Depression after surgery for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Blomstedt GC, Katila H, Henriksson M, Ekholm A, Jaaskelainen JE, Pyykko I. Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1996 October; 61(4): 403-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8965089

•

Determinants and impact of headache after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Pedrosa CA, Ahern DK, McKenna MJ, Ojemann RG, Acquadro MA. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1994 November; 15(6): 793-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8572094

•

Diagnosing acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Ramsden R, Lye R, Dutton J. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1991 May 25; 302(6787): 1275-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2043864

•

Diagnosis of acoustic neuroma by magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Massengill R Jr, Johnstone W, Robbins J. Source: J Tenn Med Assoc. 1990 March; 83(3): 124-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2319773

•

Diagnostic imaging quiz case 1 and 2. Recurrent acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Dubs B, Niparko JK. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1996 March; 122(3): 342-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8607964

Studies

21

•

Direct cochlear nerve action potentials as an aid to hearing preservation in middle fossa acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Roberson J, Senne A, Brackmann D, Hitselberger WE, Saunders J. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1996 July; 17(4): 653-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8841717

•

Disappearing recurrent acoustic neuroma in an elderly woman. Author(s): Redleaf MI, McCabe BF. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1993 July; 102(7): 518-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8333673

•

Discrimination between patients with acoustic neuroma and with peripheral vestibular lesion by human posture dynamics. Author(s): Johansson R, Magnusson M, Fransson PA, Karlberg M. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1994 September; 114(5): 479-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7825427

•

Discrimination of patients with acoustic neuroma and peripheral vestibular lesions with human posture dynamics. Author(s): Johansson R, Magnusson M, Fransson PA, Karlberg M. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1995; 520 Pt 1: 27-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8749072

•

Distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Hegarty JL, Jackler RK, Rigby PL, Pitts LH, Cheung SW. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2002 July; 23(4): 560-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170162

•

Distal mycotic aneurysm of the AICA mimicking intracanalicular acoustic neuroma. Author(s): DiMaio S, Mohr G, Dufour JJ, Albrecht S. Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques. 2003 November; 30(4): 388-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14672274

•

Distance from acoustic neuroma to fundus and a postoperative facial palsy. Author(s): Kobayashi M, Tsunoda A, Komatsuzaki A, Yamada I. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2002 January; 112(1): 168-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11802057

22

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Dose and diameter relationships for facial, trigeminal, and acoustic neuropathies following acoustic neuroma radiosurgery. Author(s): Flickinger JC, Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD. Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 1996 December; 41(3): 215-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9027936

•

Dural tail adjacent to acoustic neuroma: MR features. Author(s): Kutcher TJ, Brown DC, Maurer PK, Ghaed VN. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1991 July-August; 15(4): 669-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2061485

•

Early audiological findings of NF2 with an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Sirimanna KS. Source: Ceylon Med J. 1995 December; 40(4): 163-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8689710

•

Early rehabilitation of facial nerve deficit after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Barbara M, Monini S, Buffoni A, Cordier A, Ronchetti F, Harguindey A, Di Stadio A, Cerruto R, Filipo R. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2003 October; 123(8): 932-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14606595

•

Effect of BAEP monitoring on hearing preservation during acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Harper CM, Harner SG, Slavit DH, Litchy WJ, Daube JR, Beatty CW, Ebersold MJ. Source: Neurology. 1992 August; 42(8): 1551-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1641152

•

Effects of contralateral white noise stimulation on transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Maurer J, Hinni M, Beck A, Mann W. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1995 March; 112(3): 369-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7870435

•

Electrical evaluation of the facial nerve in acoustic neuroma patients comparing transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroneurography. Author(s): Hoehmann D, DeMeester C, Duckert LG. Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (Eufos) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1994 December; : S227-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10774357

Studies

23

•

Electrical evaluation of the facial nerve in acoustic neuroma patients: preliminary comparison between transcranial magnetic coil stimulation and electroneurography. Author(s): Duckert LG, Hohmann D, DeMeester C. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1992 March; 13(2): 113-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1599000

•

Electrical promontory stimulation in patients with intact cochlear nerve and anacusis following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Cueva RA, Thedinger BA, Harris JP, Glasscock ME 3rd. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1992 November; 102(11): 1220-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1405981

•

Electrically evoked auditory brainstem response by direct electrical stimulation to the cochlear nerve in acoustic neuroma patients. Author(s): Tanaka H, Komatsuzaki A, Okuno H. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1997 MarchApril; 59(2): 67-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9166874

•

Electromyographic analysis of profound facial nerve paralysis following acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Kunihiro T, Kanzaki J, Yoshihara S, Satoh Y, Shiobara R, Abe S. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1997 MayJune; 59(3): 159-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9186971

•

Electromyographic evaluation of facial nerve damage in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Nakao Y, Piccirillo E, Falcioni M, Taibah A, Kobayashi T, Sanna M. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2001 July; 22(4): 554-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11449116

•

Electrophysiological characterization of pre- and postoperative facial nerve function in patients with acoustic neuroma using electrical and magnetic stimulation techniques. Author(s): Rosler KM, Jenni WK, Schmid UD, Hess CW. Source: Muscle & Nerve. 1994 February; 17(2): 183-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8114788

24

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Endoscopically assisted prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leak in suboccipital acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Valtonen HJ, Poe DS, Heilman CB, Tarlov EC. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 May; 18(3): 381-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9149835

•

Endoscopy of the posterior fossa and dissection of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Goksu N, Bayazit Y, Kemaloglu Y. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 1999 November; 91(5): 776-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10541234

•

Enhancing hearing preservation in endoscopic-assisted excision of acoustic neuroma via the retrosigmoid approach. Author(s): Low WK. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1999 November; 113(11): 973-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10696373

•

Estrogen and progesterone binding by acoustic neuroma tissue. Author(s): Monsell EM, Wiet RJ. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1990 September; 103(3): 377-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2122366

•

Evaluation of patients with acoustic neuroma with dynamic posturography. Author(s): Levine SC, Muckle RP, Anderson JH. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1993 September; 109(3 Pt 1): 392-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8414554

•

Evaluation of quality of life and symptoms after translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Andersson G, Ekvall L, Kinnefors A, Nyberg G, Rask-Andersen H. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 July; 18(4): 421-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9233480

•

Evaluation of three intraoperative auditory monitoring techniques in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Battista RA, Wiet RJ, Paauwe L. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 2000 March; 21(2): 244-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10733192

Studies

25

•

Evolution of the management of hydrocephalus associated with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Atlas MD, Perez de Tagle JR, Cook JA, Sheehy JP, Fagan PA. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1996 February; 106(2 Pt 1): 204-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8583854

•

Extended middle fossa and retrolabyrinthine approaches in acoustic neuroma surgery: case reports. Author(s): Molony TB, Kwartler JA, House WF, Hitselberger WE. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1992 July; 13(4): 360-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1415501

•

Facial function in hearing preservation acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Arriaga MA, Chen DA. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2001 May; 127(5): 543-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11346430

•

Facial motion analysis with a video and computer system after treatment of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Linstrom CJ, Silverman CA, Colson D. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2002 July; 23(4): 572-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170163

•

Facial nerve functions at hospital discharge after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Mamikoglu B, Esquivel C, Wiet RJ. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2001 December; 127(12): 1518-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11735833

•

Facial nerve injury in acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) surgery: etiology and prevention. Author(s): Sampath P, Holliday MJ, Brem H, Niparko JK, Long DM. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 1997 July; 87(1): 60-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9202266

•

Facial nerve outcome after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Fenton JE, Fagan PA. Source: Surgical Neurology. 1995 July; 44(1): 95-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7482263

26

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Facial nerve outcome after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Nutik SL. Source: Surgical Neurology. 1994 January; 41(1): 28-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8310383

•

Facial nerve outcome after acoustic neuroma surgery: a study from the era of cranial nerve monitoring. Author(s): Lalwani AK, Butt FY, Jackler RK, Pitts LH, Yingling CD. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1994 November; 111(5): 561-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7970793

•

Facial nerve outcome in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Kartush JM, Lundy LB. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1992 June; 25(3): 623-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1625867

•

Facial nerve recovery after acoustic neuroma removal. Author(s): Moffat DA, Croxson GR, Baguley DM, Hardy DG. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1989 February; 103(2): 169-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2926262

•

Facial nerve recovery following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Hardy DG, Macfarlane R, Baguley DM, Moffat DA. Source: British Journal of Neurosurgery. 1989; 3(6): 675-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2627287

•

Facial reanimation after acoustic neuroma excision: the patient's perspective. Author(s): Schaitkin BM, Young T 3rd, Robertson JS, Fickel V, Wiegand DA. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1991 August; 101(8): 889-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1865739

•

Facio-hypoglossal anastomosis for the treatment of facial palsy after acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Sabin HI, Bordi LT, Symon L, Compton JS. Source: British Journal of Neurosurgery. 1990; 4(4): 313-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2222877

•

Factors affecting recovery after acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Cohen HS, Kimball KT, Jenkin HA. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2002 December; 122(8): 841-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12542203

Studies

27

•

False-negative brainstem auditory evoked potential recordings in a case of multiple acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Buettner UW, Thron A, Elies S, Grote E. Source: Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1988 September; 237(6): 343-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3181221

•

False-positive magnetic resonance image in the diagnosis of small acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Maeta M, Saito R, Nameki H. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2001 October; 115(10): 842-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11668005

•

False-positive MRI and CT findings of an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Haberman RS 2nd, Kramer MB. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1989 July; 10(4): 301-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2801896

•

Fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging: clinical application in screening for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Shelton C, Harnsberger HR, Allen R, King B. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1996 January; 114(1): 71-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8570254

•

Fractionated proton beam radiotherapy for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Bush DA, McAllister CJ, Loredo LN, Johnson WD, Slater JM, Slater JD. Source: Neurosurgery. 2002 February; 50(2): 270-3; Discussion 273-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11844261

•

Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy and single high-dose radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma: early results of a prospective clinical study. Author(s): Meijer OW, Wolbers JG, Baayen JC, Slotman BJ. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 January 1; 46(1): 45-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10656371

•

Frequency selectivity in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Papsin BC, Abel SM, Nedzelski JM. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1994 September; 104(9): 1092-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8072355

28

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in acoustic neuroma diagnosis and management. Author(s): Jackler RK, Shapiro MS, Dillon WP, Pitts L, Lanser MJ. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1990 June; 102(6): 670-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2115653

•

Gadolinium-enhanced MR of the postoperative internal auditory canal following acoustic neuroma resection via the middle fossa approach. Author(s): Mueller DP, Gantz BJ, Dolan KD. Source: Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 1992 January-February; 13(1): 197200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1595442

•

Gamma knife: hydrocephalus as a complication of stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Thomsen J, Tos M, Borgesen SE. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1990 September; 11(5): 330-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2240175

•

Gas-CT cisternography for the diagnosis of small acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Wu EH, Tang YS, Zhang YT, Bai RJ, Zhang GX. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1985 July; 98(7): 481-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3932009

•

Gas-CT cisternography in the diagnosis of small acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Lui CC, Tsai CC. Source: Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1983 September; 82(9): 1001-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6581264

•

Gaze-evoked tinnitus following acoustic neuroma resection: a de-afferentation plasticity phenomenon? Author(s): Biggs ND, Ramsden RT. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 2002 October; 27(5): 338-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12383293

•

General anesthesia with remifentanil for Cesarean section in a parturient with an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Bedard JM, Richardson MG, Wissler RN. Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthesie. 1999 June; 46(6): 576-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10391607

Studies

29

•

Growth rate of acoustic neuroma expressed by Ki-67 nuclear antigen versus symptom duration. Author(s): Charabi S, Engel P, Jacobsen GK, Tos M, Thomsen J. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1993 October; 102(10): 8059. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8215103

•

Haemorrhagic acoustic neuroma with features of a vascular malformation. A case report. Author(s): Benhaiem-Sigaux N, Ricolfi F, Torres-Diaz A, Keravel Y, Poirier J. Source: Neuroradiology. 1999 October; 41(10): 795-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10552033

•

Handheld cellular telephones and risk of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Muscat JE, Malkin MG, Shore RE, Thompson S, Neugut AI, Stellman SD, Bruce J. Source: Neurology. 2002 April 23; 58(8): 1304-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11971109

•

Headache following removal of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Vijayan N. Source: Headache. 1995 November-December; 35(10): 639. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8550367

•

Hearing impairment in patients with acoustic neuroma--analysis by electrocochleography. Author(s): Yokoyama K, Nishida H, Noguchi Y, Komatsuzaki A. Source: Auris, Nasus, Larynx. 1999 October; 26(4): 401-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10530735

•

Hearing improvement following removal of acoustic neuroma with preoperative sudden deafness. Author(s): Yanagihara N, Murakami S, Asai M, Hatakeyama T, Zenke K. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1994 December; 73(12): 886, 890-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7882881

•

Hearing preservation after acoustic neuroma resection with tumor size used as a clinical prognosticator. Author(s): Hecht CS, Honrubia VF, Wiet RJ, Sims HS. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1997 August; 107(8): 1122-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9261019

30

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Hearing preservation and improvement of auditory brainstem response findings after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Aoyagi M, Yokota M, Nakamura T, Tojima H, Kim Y, Suzuki Y, Koike Y, Nakai O. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1994; 511: 40-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8203241

•

Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Browning S, Mohr G, Dufour JJ, Rappaport JM, Zeitouni A, Provencal C, Hernandes Y, Surkis S, Druker S, Davis NL. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2001 October; 30(5): 307-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11771026

•

Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Brookes GB, Woo J. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 1994 June; 19(3): 204-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7923841

•

Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: importance of adhesion between the cochlear nerve and the tumor. Author(s): Moriyama T, Fukushima T, Asaoka K, Roche PH, Barrs DM, McElveen JT Jr. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2002 August; 97(2): 337-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12186461

•

Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: middle fossa versus retrosigmoid approach. Author(s): Staecker H, Nadol JB Jr, Ojeman R, Ronner S, McKenna MJ. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 2000 May; 21(3): 399-404. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10821555

•

Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: the impact of different patient selection criteria. Author(s): Dugar J, Nikolopoulos TP, O'Donoghue GM. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2002 November; 112(11): 2051-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12439179

•

Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: value of monitoring cochlear nerve action potentials. Author(s): Nedzelski JM, Chiong CM, Cashman MZ, Stanton SG, Rowed DW. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1994 December; 111(6): 703-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7991247

Studies

31

•

Hearing preservation surgery for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Somers T, Berghmans D, Govaerts P, Offeciers E. Source: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1996; 50(3): 227-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8888907

•

Histopathology of the inner ear in unoperated acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Mahmud MR, Khan AM, Nadol JB Jr. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 2003 November; 112(11): 979-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14653368

•

Hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty in translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Arriaga MA, Chen DA. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 May; 126(5): 512-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12075225

•

Hypervascular acoustic neuroma. Author(s): LeMay DR, Sun JK, Fishback D, Locke GE, Giannotta SL. Source: Neurological Research. 1998 December; 20(8): 748-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9864742

•

Hypervascular intracisternal acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Bonneville F, Cattin F, Czorny A, Bonneville JF. Source: Journal of Neuroradiology. Journal De Neuroradiologie. 2002 June; 29(2): 128-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12297735

•

Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after acoustic neuroma resection: influence of the time anastomosis on recovery of facial movement. Author(s): Kunihiro T, Kanzaki J, Yoshihara S, Satoh Y, Satoh A. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1996 January-February; 58(1): 32-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8718535

•

Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis: assessment of clinical results and patient benefit for facial nerve palsy following acoustic neuroma excision. Author(s): Sood S, Anthony R, Homer JJ, Van Hille P, Fenwick JD. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 2000 June; 25(3): 219-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10944053

32

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Images in clinical medicine. Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma). Author(s): Ross GJ, Patrizi JD Jr. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998 November 12; 339(20): 1440. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9811919

•

Immediate neurological deterioration after gamma knife radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma. Case report. Author(s): Tago M, Terahara A, Nakagawa K, Aoki Y, Ohtomo K, Shin M, Kurita H. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2000 December; 93 Suppl 3: 78-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11143268

•

Impact of cranioplasty on headache after acoustic neuroma removal. Author(s): Harner SG, Beatty CW, Ebersold MJ. Source: Neurosurgery. 1995 June; 36(6): 1097-9; Discussion 1099-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7643987

•

Impact of facial paralysis on patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Cross T, Sheard CE, Garrud P, Nikolopoulos TP, O'Donoghue GM. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2000 September; 110(9): 1539-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10983957

•

Impact of tumor size on hearing outcome and facial function with the middle fossa approach for acoustic neuroma: a meta-analytic study. Author(s): Satar B, Yetiser S, Ozkaptan Y. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2003 May; 123(4): 499-505. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12797585

•

Impairments, disabilities, and handicaps after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Bateman N, Nikolopoulos TP, Robinson K, O'Donoghue GM. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 2000 February; 25(1): 62-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10764238

•

Incidence and predictors of bulbar palsy after surgery for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Duane DT, Howard SJ, Kraayenbrink M. Source: Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 1997 July; 9(3): 263-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9239590

•

Individualizing hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Arriaga MA, Chen DA, Fukushima T. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1997 August; 107(8): 1043-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9261005

Studies

33

•

Insulated Fisch dissector in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Fagan PA, Fento JE, Atlas MD. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1996 March; 114(3): 494-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8649891

•

Intracochlea acoustic neuroma: a case report and discussion. Author(s): Scott A, D'Souza A, Henderson J, Morgan DW. Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (Eufos) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2001 December; 258(10): 557-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11829196

•

Intraoperative auditory monitoring in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): ZappiaJJ, Wiet RJ, O'Connor CA, Martone L. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1996 July; 115(1): 98-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8758638

•

Intraoperative evoked facial muscle responses and recovery process of the facial nerve in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Yokoyama T, Nishizawa S, Sugiyama K, Yokota N, Ohta S, Uemura K. Source: British Journal of Neurosurgery. 1999 December; 13(6): 570-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10715725

•

Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Silverstein H, Rosenberg SI, Flanzer J, Seidman MD. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1993 November; 14(6): 524-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8296853

•

Intraoperative measurements of auditory-evoked potentials in three patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Tanaka H, Komatsuzaki A, Hentona H, Noguchi Y. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1997 September-October; 59(5): 272-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9279866

•

Intraoperative monitoring during surgery for acoustic neuroma: benefits of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode. Author(s): Mullatti N, Coakham HB, Maw AR, Butler SR, Morgan MH. Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1999 May; 66(5): 591-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10209169

34

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Intra-operative monitoring in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Kartush JM. Source: Neurological Research. 1998 October; 20(7): 593-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9785586

•

Intraoperative monitoring of facial nerve antidromic potentials during acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Colletti V, Fiorino F, Policante Z, Bruni L. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1997 September; 117(5): 663-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9349860

•

Is early management of acoustic neuroma important? Author(s): Swan IR. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2000 December; 93(12): 614-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11193057

•

Is the entire fundus of the internal auditory canal visible during the middle fossa approach for acoustic neuroma? Author(s): Driscoll CL, Jackler RK, Pitts LH, Banthia V. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 2000 May; 21(3): 382-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10821552

•

Is there still a role for auditory brainstem response audiometry in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma? Author(s): Doyle KJ. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1999 February; 125(2): 2324. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10037293

•

Laser-Doppler measurements and electrocochleography during ischemia of the guinea pig cochlea: implications for hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Levine RA, Bu-Saba N, Brown MC. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1993 February; 102(2): 12736. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8427498

•

Long-term adaptive changes of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in patients following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Jenkins HA. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1985 October; 95(10): 1224-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4046709

Studies

35

•

Long-term effects of acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Nelson JR. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1968 December; 88(6): 675-86. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5724843

•

Long-term hearing preservation after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Rosenberg RA, Cohen NL, Ransohoff J. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1987 September; 97(3): 270-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3118307

•

Long-term prognosis of profound facial nerve paralysis secondary to acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Kunihiro T, Kanzaki J, Shiobara R, Inoue Y, Kurashima K. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1999 MarchApril; 61(2): 98-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10095200

•

Long-term results of facial nerve function after acoustic neuroma surgery--clinical benefit of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring. Author(s): Morikawa M, Tamaki N, Nagashima T, Motooka Y. Source: The Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences. 2000 June; 46(3): 113-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11291286

•

Long-term results of the first 500 cases of acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Wiet RJ, Mamikoglu B, Odom L, Hoistad DL. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2001 June; 124(6): 645-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11391255

•

Loss of genes on chromosome 22 in tumorigenesis of human acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Seizinger BR, Martuza RL, Gusella JF. Source: Nature. 1986 August 14-20; 322(6080): 644-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3092103

•

Magnetic resonance imaging of hemorrhagic acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Lessin BD, Alenghat JP. Source: Clinical Imaging. 1993 April-June; 17(2): 142-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8348405

36

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Management of acoustic neuroma in the elderly population. Author(s): Glasscock ME 3rd, Pappas DG Jr, Manolidis S, Von Doersten PG, Jackson CG, Storper IS. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 March; 18(2): 236-41; Discussion 241-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9093682

•

Management of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): O'Donoghue GM, Nikolopoulos T, Thomsen J. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 April 8; 340(14): 1120-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10206836

•

Management of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Lederman G, Arbit E, Lowry J. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 April 8; 340(14): 1119-20; Author Reply 1120-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10206835

•

Management of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Broad RW. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 April 8; 340(14): 1119; Author Reply 1120-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10206834

•

Management of the contracted mastoid in the translabyrinthine removal of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Friedman RA, Brackmann DE, van Loveren HR, Hitselberger WE. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1997 March; 123(3): 342-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9076243

•

Management of the small acoustic neuroma: a decision analysis. Author(s): Telian SA. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1994 May; 15(3): 358-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8579140

•

Management of unilateral acoustic neuroma in a 72-year-old patient with contralateral congenital deafness. Author(s): Branch MP, Hirsch BE. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 November; 127(5): 483-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12447251

Studies

37

•

Mechanisms of auditory impairment during acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Colletti V, Fiorino FG, Carner M, Tonoli G. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1997 December; 117(6): 596-605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9419085

•

Mechanisms of hearing loss in acoustic neuroma: an otoacoustic emission study. Author(s): Prasher DK, Tun T, Brookes GB, Luxon LM. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1995 May; 115(3): 375-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7653257

•

Meningitis due to Enterobacter aerogenes subsequent to resection of acoustic neuroma and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement: a rare nosocomial event. Author(s): Poetker DM, Edmiston CE, Smith MM, Meyer GA, Wackym PA. Source: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America. 2003 October; 24(10): 780-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14587946

•

Molecular genetic analysis of the mechanism of tumorigenesis in acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Irving RM, Moffat DA, Hardy DG, Barton DE, Xuereb JH, Maher ER. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1993 November; 119(11): 1222-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8217082

•

Monitoring the electrode position during acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Frohne C, Lesinski A, Battmer RD, Lenarz T. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 November; 18(6 Suppl): S95-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9391615

•

MR imaging of acoustic neuroma with high resolution fast spin echo T2-weighted sequence. Author(s): Soulie D, Cordoliani YS, Vignaud J, Cosnard G. Source: European Journal of Radiology. 1997 January; 24(1): 61-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9056152

•

MRI as a single screening procedure for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Byrne E. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1994 May; 87(5): 307. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8207733

38

Acoustic Neuroma

•

MRI as a single screening procedure for acoustic neuroma: a cost effective protocol. Author(s): Robson AK, Leighton SE, Anslow P, Milford CA. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1993 August; 86(8): 455-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8078042

•

MRI screening for acoustic neuroma without gadolinium: value of 3DFT-CISS sequence. Author(s): Hermans R, Van der Goten A, De Foer B, Baert AL. Source: Neuroradiology. 1997 August; 39(8): 593-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9272499

•

MRI screening for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Gillespie JE. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2000 October; 73(874): 1129-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11271911

•

MRI screening for acoustic neuroma: a comparison of fast spin echo and contrast enhanced imaging in 1233 patients. Author(s): Zealley IA, Cooper RC, Clifford KM, Campbell RS, Potterton AJ, ZammitMaempel I, Baudouin CJ, Coulthard A. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2000 March; 73(867): 242-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10817038

•

My experience with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Hagen B. Source: Can Nurse. 2000 February; 96(2): 27. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11188573

•

Navigation-guided opening of the internal auditory canal via the retrosigmoid route for acoustic neuroma surgery: cadaveric, radiological, and preliminary clinical study. Author(s): Samii A, Brinker T, Kaminsky J, Lanksch WR, Samii M. Source: Neurosurgery. 2000 August; 47(2): 382-7; Discussion 388. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10942011

•

Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the superior vestibular nerve mimicking an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Marple BF, Milchbrub S, Meyerhoff WL, Roland PS. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1998 June; 118(6): 862-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9627252

Studies

39

•

Nerve origin of the acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Komatsuzaki A, Tsunoda A. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2001 May; 115(5): 376-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11410128

•

Neurilemmoma of the ninth cranial nerve masquerading as an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Mountjoy JR, Dolan KD, McCabe BF. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1974 July; 100(1): 65-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4842614

•

Neurofibromatosis and secondary acoustic neuroma. Author(s): White GE, Toland J. Source: Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1983 July; 60(7): 625-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6412555

•

Neurotologic evaluation and management of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Hoffman RA. Source: Bull N Y Acad Med. 1979 September; 55(8): 751-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=290400

•

New approaches to acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Hutman S. Source: Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery. 1991 June; 9(3): 168-75. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10149455

•

Nonneoplastic enhancing lesions mimicking intracanalicular acoustic neuroma on gadolinium-enhanced MR images. Author(s): Han MH, Jabour BA, Andrews JC, Canalis RF, Chen F, Anzai Y, Becker DP, Lufkin RB, Hanafee WN. Source: Radiology. 1991 June; 179(3): 795-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2027994

•

Normal audiologic presentations in patients with acoustic neuroma: An evaluation using strict audiologic parameters. Author(s): Magdziarz DD, Wiet RJ, Dinces EA, Adamiec LC. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2000 February; 122(2): 157-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10652383

•

Normal auditory brainstem response in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Telian SA, Kileny PR, Niparko JK, Kemink JL, Graham MD. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1989 January; 99(1): 10-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2642581

40

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Normal hearing in acoustic neuroma patients: a critical evaluation. Author(s): Qiu WW, Morgan MJ. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 July; 18(4): 534-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9233498

•

Normal hearing in acoustic neuroma patients: a critical evaluation. Author(s): Saleh EA, Aristegui M, Naguib MB, Cokesser Y, Landolfi M, Sanna M. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1996 January; 17(1): 127-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8694116

•

Normal hearing in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Roland PS, Glasscock ME 3rd, Bojrab DI, Josey AF. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1987 February; 80(2): 166-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3810209

•

Nuances in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Malis LI. Source: Neurosurgery. 2001 August; 49(2): 337-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11504109

•

Nursing care of the acoustic neuroma patient. Author(s): Lowrey N, Taylor BL. Source: Aorn Journal. 1978 May; 27(6): 1066-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=247933

•

Nursing care study: a patient with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Allan D. Source: Nurs Times. 1978 December 7; 74(49): 2015-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=82942

•

Observation versus early stereotactic radiotherapy of acoustic neuroma: what are you waiting for? Author(s): Flickinger JC. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1999 June 1; 44(3): 481-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10348274

•

Observer variations in the evaluation of facial nerve function after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Buchwald C, Tos M, Thomsen J, Moller H, Parving A. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1993 December; 107(12): 1119-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8288999

Studies

41

•

Ocular complications of acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Mulhern MG, Aduriz-Lorenzo PM, Rawluk D, Viani L, Eustace P, Logan P. Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1999 December; 83(12): 1389-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10574820

•

Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Curley JW, Ramsden RT, Howell A, Healy K, Lye RH. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1990 November; 104(11): 865-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1702456

•

One-stage removal of residual intracanalicular acoustic neuroma and hemihypoglossal-intratemporal facial nerve anastomosis: technical note. Author(s): Donzelli R, Motta G, Cavallo LM, Maiuri F, De Divitiis E. Source: Neurosurgery. 2003 December; 53(6): 1444-7; Discussion 1447-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14633314

•

Operating on intracanalicular acoustic neuroma--what would ENT doctors choose for themselves? Author(s): Huy PT. Source: Lancet. 1998 May 9; 351(9113): 1406. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9593417

•

Organising haematoma mimicking tumour on MRI following resection of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Higgins JN, Pigeon CN, Moseley IF. Source: Neuroradiology. 1995 May; 37(4): 320-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7666971

•

Orofacial paraesthesia: an unusual presentation of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Holt DJ, Foy PM, Field EA. Source: Dent Update. 2002 April; 29(3): 141-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11989391

•

Osteoplastic lateral suboccipital approach for acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Sepehrnia A, Knopp U. Source: Neurosurgery. 2001 January; 48(1): 229-30; Discussion 230-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11152354

42

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Otolith function after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Wuyts FL, Van der Stappen A, Hoppenbrouwers M, Van Dyck D, Schor RH, Furman JM, Van de Heyning PH. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2001; 545: 170-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11677734

•

Otoneurological approach to diagnosis and removal of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Yanagihara N, Gyo K, Matsumoto Y, Yumoto E. Source: Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1979 July; 19(7): 617-21. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=91118

•

Otosclerosis masking coexistent acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Clemis JD, Toriumi DM, Gavron JP. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1988 March; 9(2): 117-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3407742

•

Our present approach to acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Sterkers JM, Desgeorges M, Sterkers O, Corlieu P. Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 1984; 34: 160-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6516949

•

Outcome analysis of acoustic neuroma management: a comparison of microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. Author(s): Pollock BE, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Bissonette DJ, Kelsey SF, Jannetta PJ. Source: Neurosurgery. 1995 January; 36(1): 215-24; Discussion 224-9. Erratum In: Neurosurgery 1995 February; 36(2): 427. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7708162

•

Pain after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Driscoll CL, Beatty CW. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1997 October; 30(5): 893-903. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9295259

•

Paradoxical effects of contralateral white noise on evoked otoacoustic emissions in ears with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Quaranta A, Gandolfi A, Fava G, Quaranta N, Zini C. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2000 March; 120(2): 227-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11603779

Studies

43

•

Patient-assessed outcomes after excision of acoustic neuroma: postoperative symptoms and quality of life. Author(s): Martin HC, Sethi J, Lang D, Neil-Dwyer G, Lutman ME, Yardley L. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2001 February; 94(2): 211-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11213956

•

Perioperative morbidity of acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Slattery WH 3rd, Francis S, House KC. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2001 November; 22(6): 895-902. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11698815

•

Pneumocephalus after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Ajalloveyan M, Doust B, Atlas MD, Fagan PA. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1998 November; 19(6): 824-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9831162

•

Postoperative headache in acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Vijayan N. Source: Headache. 1995 February; 35(2): 98-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7737870

•

Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after acoustic neuroma surgery: influence of packing materials in the drilled internal auditory canal on assessment of residual tumor. Author(s): Umezu H, Seki Y. Source: Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1999 February; 39(2): 141-7; Discussion 147-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10193147

•

Postural stability of preoperative acoustic neuroma patients assessed by sway magnetometry: are they unsteady? Author(s): Collins MM, Johnson IJ, Clifford E, Birchall JP, O'Donoghue GM. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2003 April; 113(4): 640-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12671420

•

Predictable and pseudo random saccades in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Isotalo E, Pyykko I, Juhola M, Aalto H. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1995; 520 Pt 1: 22-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8749070

44

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Prediction of facial nerve function following acoustic neuroma resection using intraoperative facial nerve stimulation. Author(s): Silverstein H, Willcox TO Jr, Rosenberg SI, Seidman MD. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1994 May; 104(5 Pt 1): 539-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8189983

•

Prediction of facial nerve outcome using electromyographic responses in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Nakao Y, Piccirillo E, Falcioni M, Taibah A, Russo A, Kobayashi T, Sanna M. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2002 January; 23(1): 93-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11773854

•

Prediction of postoperative facial nerve function in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Fenton JE, Chin RY, Shirazi A, Fagan PA. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 1999 December; 24(6): 483-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10606992

•

Preoperative electroneuronography and facial nerve outcome in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Syms CA 3rd, House JR 3rd, Luxford WM, Brackmann DE. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 May; 18(3): 401-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9149839

•

Preoperative speech and pure-tone audiometry in four types of patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Morlet T, Dubreuil C, Duclaux R, Ferber-Viart C. Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology. 2003 September-October; 24(5): 297-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=13130441

•

Preservation of facial, cochlear, and other nerve functions in acoustic neuroma treatment. Author(s): Sterkers JM, Morrison GA, Sterkers O, El-Dine MM. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1994 February; 110(2): 146-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8108149

•

Prevalence of unsuspected acoustic neuroma found by magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Anderson TD, Loevner LA, Bigelow DC, Mirza N. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2000 May; 122(5): 643-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10793339

Studies

45

•

Prognostic significance of preoperative electrophysiologic investigation for facial nerve outcome in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Wedekind C, Vahl J, Ernestus RI, Klug N. Source: Muscle & Nerve. 2000 December; 23(12): 1868-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11102911

•

Prognostic value of the blink reflex in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Darrouzet V, Hilton M, Pinder D, Wang JL, Guerin J, Bebear JP. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 September; 127(3): 153-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12297803

•

Proximal-to-distal facial amplitude ratios as predictors of facial nerve function after acoustic neuroma excision. Author(s): Taha JM, Tew JM Jr, Keith RW. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 1995 December; 83(6): 994-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7490644

•

Pseudo random smooth pursuit test in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Isotalo E, Pyykko I, Juhola M, Aalto H. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1995; 520 Pt 2: 295-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8749144

•

Quality of hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Kanzaki J, Ogawa K, Inoue Y, Shiobara R, Toya S. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1998 September; 19(5): 644-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9752974

•

Quality of life after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Nikolopoulos TP, Johnson I, O'Donoghue GM. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1998 September; 108(9): 1382-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9738762

•

Quality of life after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): van Leeuwen JP, Braspenning JC, Meijer H, Cremers CW. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1996 June; 105(6): 423-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8638892

•

Questionnaire evaluation of balance in the performance of everyday activities after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Uyama K, Takahashi M, Saito A, Okada Y, Tomizawa I, Kanzaki J. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1991; 487: 91-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1843593

46

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Racial considerations in acoustic neuroma removal with hearing preservation via the retrosigmoid approach. Author(s): Low WK, Fenton JE, Fagan PA, Gibson WP. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1995 November; 115(6): 783-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8749200

•

Radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Hayman MH, Schuhmacher JF, Buhler C, Miranne LS, Merlin CS, Patel J, Johnston WJ, Monsour PD. Source: J La State Med Soc. 1993 July; 145(7): 308-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8228537

•

Radiosurgery: a minimally interventional alternative to microsurgery in the management of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Forster DM, Kemeny AA, Pathak A, Walton L. Source: British Journal of Neurosurgery. 1996 April; 10(2): 169-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8861308

•

Re: Factors affecting recovery after acoustic neuroma resection by Cohen et al. Author(s): Herdman SJ, Clendaniel RA. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2003 September; 123(7): 889-90; Author Reply 891. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14575408

•

Recovery from repeated sudden hearing loss with corticosteroid use in the presence of an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Berenholz LP, Eriksen C, Hirsh FA. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1992 October; 101(10): 82731. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1416637

•

Recovery of the sutured facial nerve after removal of acoustic neuroma in patients with neurofibromatosis-2. Author(s): Blomstedt GC, Jaaskelainen JE, Pyykko I, Ishizaki H, Troupp H, Palva T. Source: Neurosurgery. 1994 September; 35(3): 364-8; Discussion 368-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7800127

•

Recurrence of acoustic neuroma after incomplete resection. Author(s): El-Kashlan HK, Zeitoun H, Arts HA, Hoff JT, Telian SA. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 2000 May; 21(3): 389-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10821553

Studies

47

•

Recurrence rates of acoustic neuroma in hearing preservation surgery. Author(s): Schessel DA, Nedzelski JM, Kassel EE, Rowed DW. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1992 May; 13(3): 233-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1609851

•

Recurrent acoustic neuroma presenting as central alveolar hypoventilation. Author(s): Lee DK, Wahl GW, Swinburne AJ, Fedullo AJ. Source: Chest. 1994 March; 105(3): 949-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8131574

•

Recurrent rates of acoustic neuroma in hearing preservation surgery. Author(s): Whittaker CK. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1993 March; 14(2): 203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8503499

•

Relationship between cystic change and rotatory vertigo in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Sugimoto T, Tsutsumi T, Noguchi Y, Tsunoda A, Kitamura K, Komatsuzaki A. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2000; 542: 9-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10897392

•

Restoration of binaural hearing with the audiant implant following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Walsh ST. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1994 May; 73(5): 340. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8045241

•

Restoration of binaural hearing with the audiant implant following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Pulec JL. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1994 February; 73(2): 118-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8168445

•

Results and complications from acoustic neuroma excision via middle cranial fossa approach. Author(s): Weber PC, Gantz BJ. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1996 July; 17(4): 669-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8841719

48

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Results of acoustic neuroma radiosurgery: an analysis of 5 years' experience using current methods. Author(s): Flickinger JC, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2001 January; 94(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11147876

•

Rethinking the use of auditory brainstem response in acoustic neuroma screening. Author(s): Zappia JJ, O'Connor CA, Wiet RJ, Dinces EA. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1997 October; 107(10): 1388-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9331319

•

Retrosigmoid approach to acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma). Author(s): Ojemann RG. Source: Neurosurgery. 2001 March; 48(3): 553-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11270545

•

Role of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions for hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Filipo R, Delfini R, Fabiani M, Cordier A, Barbara M. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 November; 18(6): 746-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9391671

•

Self-assessed quality of life after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Betchen SA, Walsh J, Post KD. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2003 November; 99(5): 818-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14609159

•

Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of wound infection and secondary meningitis in acoustic neuroma surgery: a ten-year experience in a regional hospital. Author(s): Minola E, Farina C, Zappone C, Arosio M, Lorenzi N, Mazzoni A. Source: J Chemother. 2000 December; 12(6): 521-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11154037

•

Spatial navigation after surgical resection of an acoustic neuroma: pilot study. Author(s): Paquet N, Kulkarni K, Fung J, Watt D. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2003 June; 32(3): 180-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12921137

Studies

49

•

Standardized format for depicting hearing preservation results in the management of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Rappaport JM, Nadol JB Jr, McKenna MJ, Ojemann RG, Thornton AR, Cortese RA. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 September; 121(3): 176-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10471853

•

Stereotactic and microsurgery for acoustic neuroma: the controversy continues. Author(s): De Salles AA, Frighetto L, Selch M. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 August 1; 56(5): 1215-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12873663

•

Stereotactic radiosurgery failure in acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Pulec JL. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 2002 June; 81(6): 369. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12092274

•

Stereotactic radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma: a Canadian perspective. Author(s): de Lotbiniere AC. Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques. 1999 May; 26(2): 154-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10352877

•

Stereotactic radiosurgery XI. Acoustic neuroma therapy and radiation oncogenesis. Author(s): Plowman PN, Evans DG. Source: British Journal of Neurosurgery. 2000 April; 14(2): 93-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10889878

•

Stereotactic radiosurgery XVI: Isodosimetric comparison of photon stereotactic radiosurgery techniques (gamma knife vs. micromultileaf collimator linear accelerator) for acoustic neuroma--and potential clinical importance. Author(s): Perks JR, St George EJ, El Hamri K, Blackburn P, Plowman PN. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 December 1; 57(5): 1450-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14630285

•

Surgical excision of acoustic neuroma: patient outcome and provider caseload. Author(s): Barker FG 2nd, Carter BS, Ojemann RG, Jyung RW, Poe DS, McKenna MJ. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2003 August; 113(8): 1332-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12897555

50

Acoustic Neuroma

•

The conservative management of acoustic neuroma: a review of forty-four patients with magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): O'Reilly B, Murray CD, Hadley DM. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 2000 April; 25(2): 93-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10816210

•

The effect of age on acoustic neuroma surgery outcomes. Author(s): Oghalai JS, Buxbaum JL, Pitts LH, Jackler RK. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2003 May; 24(3): 473-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12806302

•

The fate of the tumor remnant after less-than-complete acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Bloch DC, Oghalai JS, Jackler RK, Osofsky M, Pitts LH. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2004 January; 130(1): 104-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14726918

•

There is a role for ABR audiometry in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Konrad HR. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1999 February; 125(2): 2345. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10037294

•

Three-dimensional imaging of the internal auditory canal in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Tsunoda A, Komatsuzaki A, Suzuki Y, Muraoka H. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2000; 542: 6-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10897391

•

Transforming growth factor-beta1 expression in human acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Cardillo MR, Filipo R, Monini S, Aliotta N, Barbara M. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1999 January; 20(1): 65-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9918175

•

Translabyrinthine approach for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Day JD, Chen DA, Arriaga M. Source: Neurosurgery. 2004 February; 54(2): 391-5; Discussion 395-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14744286

Studies

51

•

Treatment of acoustic neuroma: stereotactic radiosurgery vs. microsurgery. Author(s): Karpinos M, Teh BS, Zeck O, Carpenter LS, Phan C, Mai WY, Lu HH, Chiu JK, Butler EB, Gormley WB, Woo SY. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2002 December 1; 54(5): 1410-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12459364

•

Trigeminal neuralgia due to an acoustic neuroma in the cerebellopontine angle. Author(s): Matsuka Y, Fort ET, Merrill RL. Source: J Orofac Pain. 2000 Spring; 14(2): 147-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11203749

•

Tumor-associated hemorrhage in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Odabasi AO, Buchman CA, Morcos JJ. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 2000 September; 21(5): 706-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10993463

•

Ultra high resolution nonenhanced fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging: costeffective screening for acoustic neuroma in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Author(s): Daniels RL, Shelton C, Harnsberger HR. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1998 October; 119(4): 364-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9781992

•

Ultrastructural findings of the macula utriculi in a case of a petrous apex cholesteatoma: a comparison with findings in a patient with an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Adachi M, Hoshino T, Mizuta K, Wu R. Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (Eufos) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1997; 254(5): 255-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9195152

•

Unchanged unilateral hearing loss and ipsilateral growth of an acoustic neuroma from 1 to 4 cm. Author(s): van Leeuwen JP, Cremers CW, Thijssen HO, Meyer HE. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1993 March; 107(3): 230-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8509702

•

Unilateral acoustic neuroma associated with a tenth cranial nerve schwannoma. Author(s): Magliulo G, Ronzoni R, Cristofari P. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1993 October; 102(10): 8189. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8215106

52

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Unilateral acoustic neuroma in childhood. Author(s): Ishikawa K, Yasui N, Monoh K, Tada H, Mineura K, Sasajima H, Togawa K. Source: Auris, Nasus, Larynx. 1997; 24(1): 99-104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9148735

•

Update on conservative management of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Hoistad DL, Melnik G, Mamikoglu B, Battista R, O'Connor CA, Wiet RJ. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2001 September; 22(5): 682-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11568679

•

Use of bone wax in the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid fistula in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Gal TJ, Bartels LJ. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1999 January; 109(1): 167-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9917061

•

Use of the KTP-532 laser in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Nissen AJ, Sikand A, Welsh JE, Curto FS. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1997 January; 107(1): 118-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9001275

•

Usefulness of 1000 Hz tone-burst-evoked responses in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Telian SA, Kileny PR. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1989 October; 101(4): 466-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2508024

•

Usefulness of auditory brainstem responses at high stimulus rates in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Tanaka H, Komatsuzaki A, Hentona H. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1996 JulyAugust; 58(4): 224-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8883110

•

Vascular compression of the cochlear nerve identified by endoscopy during acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Wackym PA, King WA, Weisz DJ. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 April; 120(4): 535. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10187950

Studies

53

•

Vasoactive treatment for hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Strauss C, Bischoff B, Neu M, Berg M, Fahlbusch R, Romstock J. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2001 November; 95(5): 771-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11702866

•

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients suffering from an unilateral acoustic neuroma: a study of 170 patients. Author(s): Patko T, Vidal PP, Vibert N, Tran Ba Huy P, de Waele C. Source: Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2003 July; 114(7): 1344-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12842733

•

Vestibular function after acoustic neuroma removal with preservation of one branch of the vestibular nerve. Author(s): Maurer J, Frommeld T, Mann W. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2002 September; 23(5): 749-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12218629

•

Vestibular investigations in acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Hulshof JH, Hilders CG, Baarsma EA. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1989 July-August; 108(1-2): 38-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2788347

•

Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma). Consensus development conference. Author(s): Eldridge R, Parry D. Source: Neurosurgery. 1992 June; 30(6): 962-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1614607

•

Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma): the profession is not achieving its potential for early diagnosis. Author(s): Tator CH. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 1993 August 1; 149(3): 275-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8339172

•

Viral titers and delayed facial palsy after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Gianoli GJ. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 November; 127(5): 427-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12447236

54

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Visual suppression tests in acoustic neuroma patients. Author(s): Hyden D, Larsby B, Odkvist LM, Moller C. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1989; 468: 349-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2635532

•

Vulnerability of hearing function during acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Colletti V, Fiorino FG. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1994 May; 114(3): 264-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8073859

•

When to suspect an acoustic neuroma and newer methods available for diagnosis. Author(s): Keim RJ. Source: J Okla State Med Assoc. 1979 February; 72(2): 45-51. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=762597

•

When to suspect an acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Spoelhof GD. Source: American Family Physician. 1995 November 1; 52(6): 1768-74. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7484687

55

CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and acoustic neuroma.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Acoustic Neuroma The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

56

Acoustic Neuroma

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “acoustic neuroma” (or a synonym): •

Acute hearing loss following fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma. Report of two cases. Author(s): Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305, USA. Source: Chang, S D Poen, J Hancock, S L Martin, D P Adler, J R J-Neurosurg. 1998 August; 89(2): 321-5 0022-3085

•

Divalproex sodium and other medications for headache following craniotomy for acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Mensana Clinic, Stevenson, MD 21153-9999, USA. Source: Hendler, N Cashen, A Morrison, C Long, D Holliday, M Headache. 1995 September; 35(8): 490-3 0017-8748

•

Spontaneous massive haemorrhage into acoustic neuroma during anticoagulation therapy. Author(s): Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Northern Ireland. Source: Chee, C P Bailey, I C Refsum, S E Br-J-Neurosurg. 1987; 1(4): 489-93 0268-8697

•

Vestibular schwannoma surgery and headache. Author(s): Department of Otolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. Source: Levo, H Blomstedt, G Pyykko, I Acta-Otolaryngol-Suppl. 2000; 54323-5 03655237

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

•

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

•

The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

•

The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

•

The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

•

Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

•

Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

Nutrition

•

57

Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

59

CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to acoustic neuroma. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to acoustic neuroma and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to acoustic neuroma: •

A comparison of inter-aural attenuation with the Etymotic ER-3A insert earphone and the Telephonics TDH-39 supra-aural earphone. Author(s): Munro KJ, Agnew N. Source: British Journal of Audiology. 1999 August; 33(4): 259-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10509860

•

A further examination of the use of the stapedius reflex in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Chiveralls K. Source: Audiology : Official Organ of the International Society of Audiology. 1977 JulyAugust; 16(4): 331-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=883913

60

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Acoustic neuroma standard of care. Author(s): Clayton H, Kerr C, Routh B, Wirtz K. Source: Orl Head Neck Nurs. 1995 Winter; 13(1): 15-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7627871

•

Acoustic neuroma surgery outcomes. Author(s): Kaylie DM, Gilbert E, Horgan MA, Delashaw JB, McMenomey SO. Source: Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2001 September; 22(5): 686-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11568680

•

Acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Ritchie MM, McEwen DR. Source: Semin Perioper Nurs. 2000 October; 9(4): 168-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12029771

•

Acoustic neuroma: nursing implications related to surgical management. Author(s): Campbell C. Source: The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing : Journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. 1991 February; 23(1): 50-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1826716

•

Acoustic neuroma: postoperative vertigo and the mechanisms of compensation. Author(s): Young JS. Source: The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing : Journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. 1992 August; 24(4): 194-8. Erratum In: J Neurosci Nurs 1992 October; 24(5): 244. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1517665

•

Acoustic tumors: operation versus radiation--making sense of opposing viewpoints. Part II. Acoustic neuromas: sorting out management options. Author(s): Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Flickinger JC. Source: Clin Neurosurg. 2003; 50: 313-28. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14677449

•

Acoustic-distortion products: separation of sensory from neural dysfunction in sensorineural hearing loss in human beings and rabbits. Author(s): Ohlms LA, Lonsbury-Martin BL, Martin GK. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1991 February; 104(2): 159-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1901144

Alternative Medicine 61

•

Acupuncture anesthesia and lateral suboccipital approach for acoustic neurinoma extirpation. Author(s): Chen GB, Zhou LF. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1979 December; 92(12): 847-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=117989

•

An investigation of the effect of structured teaching on a group of tinnitus patients after vestibular schwannoma removal. Author(s): Baguley DM, Beynon GJ, Moffat DA. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1998 November; 19(6): 828-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9831163

•

Analysis of click-evoked brainstem auditory electric potentials using high-pass noise masking and its clinical application. Author(s): Eggermont JJ, Don M. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1982; 388: 471-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6284001

•

Animal model acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Chinn J, Miller J. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1975 April; 101(4): 222-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1120010

•

Contralateral transient evoked otoacoustic emissions following acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Dandachli MN, Dubreuil C, Ferber-Viart C. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1998 May; 94(1-2): 27-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9622797

•

Detection of acoustic neuromas with brainstem auditory evoked potentials: comparison between cochlear and retrocochlear abnormalities. Author(s): Feblot P, Uziel A. Source: Adv Neurol. 1982; 32: 169-76. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7054937

•

Determinants and impact of headache after acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Pedrosa CA, Ahern DK, McKenna MJ, Ojemann RG, Acquadro MA. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1994 November; 15(6): 793-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8572094

•

Direct cochlear nerve action potentials as an aid to hearing preservation in middle fossa acoustic neuroma resection. Author(s): Roberson J, Senne A, Brackmann D, Hitselberger WE, Saunders J.

62

Acoustic Neuroma

Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1996 July; 17(4): 653-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8841717 •

Early evoked potentials in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Daly DM, Roeser RJ, Aung MH, Daly DD. Source: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 1977 August; 43(2): 1519. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=69526

•

Effects of contralateral white noise stimulation on transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Maurer J, Hinni M, Beck A, Mann W. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1995 March; 112(3): 369-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7870435

•

Frequency selectivity in patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Papsin BC, Abel SM, Nedzelski JM. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1994 September; 104(9): 1092-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8072355

•

Mechanisms of hearing loss in acoustic neuroma: an otoacoustic emission study. Author(s): Prasher DK, Tun T, Brookes GB, Luxon LM. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1995 May; 115(3): 375-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7653257

•

Nonsurgical factors predictive of postoperative hearing for patients with vestibular schwannoma. Author(s): Robinette MS, Bauch CD, Olsen WO, Harner SG, Beatty CW. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 November; 18(6): 738-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9391670

•

Normal brain-stem auditory evoked potentials with abnormal latency-intensity studies in patients with acoustic neuromas. Author(s): Legatt AD, Pedley TA, Emerson RG, Stein BM, Abramson M. Source: Archives of Neurology. 1988 December; 45(12): 1326-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3058094

•

Otoacoustic emissions recorded at high rates in patients with confirmed acoustic neuromas. Author(s): Norman M, Thornton AR, Phillips AJ, Slaven A.

Alternative Medicine 63

Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1996 September; 17(5): 763-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8892574 •

Paradoxical effects of contralateral white noise on evoked otoacoustic emissions in ears with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Quaranta A, Gandolfi A, Fava G, Quaranta N, Zini C. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2000 March; 120(2): 227-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11603779

•

Pathophysiology of hearing impairment in acoustic neuroma with profound deafness: analysis by evoked otoacoustic emission and promontory stimulation test. Author(s): O-Uchi T, Kanzaki J, Ogata A, Inoue T, Mashino H, Yoshihara S, Satoh Y. Source: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1994; 514: 95-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8073897

•

Preoperative speech and pure-tone audiometry in four types of patients with acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Morlet T, Dubreuil C, Duclaux R, Ferber-Viart C. Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology. 2003 September-October; 24(5): 297-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=13130441

•

Role of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions for hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Author(s): Filipo R, Delfini R, Fabiani M, Cordier A, Barbara M. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1997 November; 18(6): 746-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9391671

•

Stereotactic radiosurgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for patients with vestibular schwannoma: a Leksell Gamma Knife Society 2000 debate. Author(s): Linskey ME. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 2000 December; 93 Suppl 3: 90-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11143270

•

The effects of acoustic neuromas on ipsilateral and contralateral brain stem auditory evoked responses during stimulation of the unaffected ear. Author(s): Zappulla RA, Greenblatt E, Karmel BZ. Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1982 October; 4(2): 118-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7149000

•

Tympanic and transtympanic electrocochleography in acoustic neuroma and vestibular nerve section surgery. Author(s): Winzenburg SM, Margolis RH, Levine SC, Haines SJ, Fournier EM.

64

Acoustic Neuroma

Source: The American Journal of Otology. 1993 January; 14(1): 63-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8424478 •

Usefulness of auditory brainstem responses at high stimulus rates in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. Author(s): Tanaka H, Komatsuzaki A, Hentona H. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1996 JulyAugust; 58(4): 224-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8883110

•

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients suffering from an unilateral acoustic neuroma: a study of 170 patients. Author(s): Patko T, Vidal PP, Vibert N, Tran Ba Huy P, de Waele C. Source: Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2003 July; 114(7): 1344-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12842733

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

•

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

•

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

•

drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

•

HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

Alternative Medicine 65

The following is a specific Web list relating to acoustic neuroma; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Vertigo Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

67

CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to acoustic neuroma. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “acoustic neuroma” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on acoustic neuroma, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Acoustic Neuroma ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to acoustic neuroma. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

A descriptive case study of the information-seeking responses of adults diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma who received traditional or non-traditional treatment intervention by Anderson, Joseph Stanley, DEd from The Pennsylvania State University, 1997, 123 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9802573

Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

69

CHAPTER 5. PATENTS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.8 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “acoustic neuroma” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on acoustic neuroma, we have not necessarily excluded nonmedical patents in this bibliography.

Patent Applications on Acoustic Neuroma As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.9 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to acoustic neuroma:

8Adapted

from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm. 9 This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.

70

•

Acoustic Neuroma

Use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic facial pain Inventor(s): Acquadro, Martin A.; (Wellesly, MA), Borodic, Gary E.; (Canton, MA) Correspondence: Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & Mccloy Llp; 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza; New York; NY; 10005-1413; US Patent Application Number: 20020192239 Date filed: January 8, 2002 Abstract: The present invention includes a method of treating pain caused by neuralgia comprising administering botulinum toxin to an afflicted area of a patient. The pain may be caused by trigeminal neuralgia or be associated with dental extraction or reconstruction, and may be facial pain. The neuralgia may be associated with compressive forces on a sensory nerve, intrinsic nerve damage, demyelinating disease, a genetic disorder, a metabolic disorder, central neurologic vascular disease, or trauma. The present invention also includes a method of treating post-operative incisional wound pain comprising administering botulinum toxin to an afflicted area of a patient. The post-operative incisional wound pain may be associated with medical treatments selected from the group consisting of sinus surgery, removal of an eye, temporal mandibular joint surgery, parotid gland extraction and resection, craniotomy for removal of an intracranial tumor, intra-ocular surgery, acoustic neuroma surgery, reconstructive procedures after tumor resection, radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer, skull base surgery, orbitectomy, facial bone removal, muscle removal, skin removal, and construction of myocutaneous flaps. Excerpt(s): This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/260,515, filed Jan. 9, 2001. Chronic facial pain caused by neuralgia often presents difficult management problems requiring interdisciplinary consultations and multiple attempts at different therapy modalities. In a recent study, a series of chronic facial pain patients deemed to be ineffectively controlled with conventional medical and surgical procedures were treated with transcutaneous injection of botulinum type A toxin. The cases were classified into the following categories: 1. idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia; 2. post surgical chronic pain syndromes. The trigeminal neuralgia patients included who failed medical therapy and did not go on to have a surgical procedure, and those who failed medical therapy but later had temporary relief for a variable duration following a surgical procedure, only to have their pain return. Botulinum toxin has been used extensively to treat regional dystonias which are often associated with pain or some form of sensory disturbance. Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis repeatedly demonstrated efficacy mitigating pain at rates substantially greater than other components of this syndrome (see references 1-3). Such observations led to the study of non-dystonic pain syndromes, such as myofascial pain and tension headache, which initially produced beneficial results (reference 4) and is currently being studied in larger controlled trials. Furthermore, trial injections after skull base surgery further indicated potential efficacy in a small series of patients. Recently, botulinum toxin is being investigated for the treatment of migraine headache (reference 5) and initial blinded controlled studies have produced some evidence of efficacy. The mechanisms involved in migraine headache have been reviewed (see references 20, 21), and have been noted to be vascular in origin. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html

Patents 71

Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with acoustic neuroma, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on acoustic neuroma. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning acoustic neuroma. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

73

CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to acoustic neuroma. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on acoustic neuroma include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on acoustic neuroma: •

Inner Ear Surgeries: Meant to Control Vertigo-Disequilibrium Source: Portland, OR: Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA). 1996. 36 p. Contact: Available from Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA). P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (503) 229-7705. Fax (503) 229-8064. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $10.00 plus shipping and handling. Order number B-5. Summary: This document from the Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA) describes inner ear surgeries used to control vertigo or disequilibrium. The author stresses that most individuals who develop vestibular problems will never need to consider surgical treatment. The majority of those people will have either a spontaneous resolution of the symptoms or will respond satisfactorily to medical management such as dietary changes, vestibular rehabilitation, or medication. However, surgical procedures exist for

74

Acoustic Neuroma

many vestibular problems including acoustic neuroma, endolymphatic hydrops, Meniere's disease, vascular compression syndrome, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN), cholesteatoma, perilymph fistula, and otosclerosis. The author notes that some of the procedures described in this document may also be meant to preserve or improve hearing; however, they have been included because of their intended control of vertigo or disequilibrium. Descriptions of surgical treatments include information about intended outcomes and possible bad outcomes. Procedures described include general surgery, such as mastoidectomy and tympanotomy; procedures for inner-ear problems, including labyrinthectomy, gentamicin ear treatment, vestibular nerve section, and PE (pneumatic equalization) tubes; procedures for problems other than Meniere's disease or endolymphatic hydrops, including perilymph fistula repair, posterior canal partitioning, microvascular decompression, stapedectomy, acoustic neuroma removal, and cholesteatoma removal; procedures some times used for Meniere's disease and endolymphatic hydrops, including endolymphatic sac decompression procedures and cochleosacculotomy; and procedures less often used for Meniere's disease or endolymphatic hydrops, including sacculotomy (tack procedure or Cody tack), cryosurgery, ultrasound surgery (done in Sweden), and cochlear dialysis. 36 references.

Chapters on Acoustic Neuroma In order to find chapters that specifically relate to acoustic neuroma, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and acoustic neuroma using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on acoustic neuroma: •

Disorders of Hearing in Adults Source: in Plante, E. and Beeson, P.M. Communication and Communication Disorders: A Clinical Introduction. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 1999. p. 117-145. Contact: Available from Allyn and Bacon. 160 Gould Street, Needham Heights, MA 02194. (800) 278-3525. Website: www.abacon.com. PRICE: $54.00. ISBN: 0205283209. Summary: According to a 1991 survey by the National Center for Health Statistics, about 21 million Americans report difficulties with their hearing. This increase can partly be explained by the aging of the population as well as higher levels of environmental noise. This chapter on disorders of hearing in adults is from a textbook that offers an introduction to communication processes and communication disorders, with a focus on the clinical illustration of normal and disordered speech, language, and hearing. Hearing impairment in adulthood can have devastating effects on one's ability to communicate and may significantly impact family relationships, social interactions, vocation, self identity, and economic well being. This chapter focuses on causes, effects, and treatments of adult onset hearing impairments. The authors describe the critical role of the audiologist in the assessment and rehabilitation of adults with acquired hearing impairment. Topics include conductive hearing loss, otosclerosis, sensorineural hearing loss, the aging process and presbycusis, noise exposure, Meniere's disease, ototoxicity, tinnitus, acoustic neuroma, diseases of the central auditory system, mixed hearing

Books

75

impairments, the psychosocial impact of hearing loss, hearing screenings, hearing assessment, hearing aids, assistive listening devices (ALDs), cochlear implants, speechreading, auditory training, counseling, and support groups. Case studies and clinical examples are provided throughout the chapter. 14 figures. 1 table. 32 references. •

Evaluation and Treatment of the Patient with Vertigo Source: Volta Review. 9(5): 129-140. November 1999. Contact: Available from Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Subscription Department, 3417 Volta Place, NW, Washington, DC 20007-2778. Voice/TTY (202) 337-5220. Website: www.agbell.org. Also available as individual copies from Publication Sales Department, 3417 Volta Place, NW, Washington, DC 20007-2778. Voice/TTY (202) 337-5220. Website: www.agbell.org. PRICE: $22.95 plus shipping and handling. Summary: The sensation of vertigo (imbalance or a feeling of spinning) is a complex symptom that many patients find difficult to describe to their physician. Indeed, many physicians find evaluating and treating patients with vertigo a difficult task. This chapter on vertigo is from a monograph that was written by assembling the leading experts from all over the country to present to both the consumer and the professional the latest information on the diagnosis and management of hearing loss in children and adults. The authors outline the work up, evaluation, and treatment of patients who present with the complaint of vertigo. The authors stress that imbalance is an extremely complex symptom that can indicate an underlying potential disorder in a multitude of areas in the body, not just an abnormality in the labyrinth, or inner ear. Topics include classification (by etiology), peripheral vertigo (that resulting from peripheral lesions), central vertigo, diagnostic tests, the physical exam, Meniere's disease, benign positional vertigo (BPV), and vestibular neuronitis (an inflammation of the vestibular portion of the 8th nerve). The authors conclude that, unless a structural lesion such as an acoustic neuroma or cholesteatoma has been identified as the cause of the vertigo, the initial treatment is medical. Surgical therapy is highly successful in treating vertigo, but should only be offered after an adequate trial of medical therapy. 2 figures. 2 tables. 25 references.

•

Central and Vascular Vestibular Disorders Source: in Blakley, B.W.; Siegel, M.E. Feeling Dizzy: Understanding and Treating Dizziness, Vertigo, and Other Balancing Disorders. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing. 1995. p. 117-128. Contact: Available from Macmillan Publishing. 201 West 103rd Street, Indianapolis, IN 46290. (800) 428-5331; Fax (800) 882-8583. PRICE: $21.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0028600096. Summary: This chapter is from a layperson's guide to vertigo, imbalance, fainting, and other balance disorders. This chapter describes central and vascular vestibular disorders. Topics covered include acoustic neuroma, other brain tumors, cerebral atrophy, disorders of the blood supply, transient ischemic attacks, stroke, migraine, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. For each type of vestibular disorder discussed, the authors consider symptoms, diagnosis, etiology, natural course, and treatment options. The authors also share the experiences of patients who have each of these types of disorders.

76

•

Acoustic Neuroma

Disorders of the Auditory Nerve and Brain Stem Source: in Mencher, G.T.; Gerber, S.E.; McCombe, A. Audiology and Auditory Dysfunction. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 1997. p. 207-219. Contact: Available from Allyn and Bacon. 160 Gould Street, Needham Heights, MA 02194-2310. (800) 278-3525; Fax (617) 455-7024; E-mail: [email protected]; http://www.abacon.com. PRICE: $46.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0205161014. Summary: This chapter on disorders of the auditory nerve and brain stem is from an audiology textbook on auditory dysfunction. There are a number of disorders affecting the auditory nerve and its connections to the central nervous system; they can be categorized as congenital, infective, inflammatory, traumatic, degenerative, etc. Most of these processes have already been discussed in earlier chapters in this book. In this chapter, the author focuses on the neoplasm or tumor pathology of auditory nerve disorders. This group of disorders is a relatively uncommon cause of auditory nerve dysfunction and is represented almost exclusively by the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. The author discusses acoustic neuromas in some detail, covering pathology, clinical features, audiological considerations, and medical considerations. Two additional sections address von Recklinghausen disease and brain stem lesions. The author stresses that patients with eighth cranial nerve pathology (acoustic tumors) need audiological counseling, information on localization and making maximum use of residual hearing, amplification, protection of the ear and hearing, and in some cases, assistive devices, auditory training, speech reading, etc. 6 figures. 1 table.

•

Medicolegal Issues Source: in Tyler, R.S., ed. Tinnitus Handbook. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group. 2000. p. 399-417. Contact: Available from Singular-Thomson Learning. P.O. Box 6904, Florence, KY 41022. (800) 477-3692. Fax (606) 647-5963. Website: www.singpub.com. PRICE: $65.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1565939220. Summary: This chapter on medicolegal issues is from an audiology textbook that offers clinicians and recent graduates information on tinnitus (ringing or other sounds in the ears). The author notes that initially, tinnitus tended to be a subsidiary item of claim additional to that for hearing loss, usually of the noise induced kind. More recently, tinnitus has sometimes been the principal or only complaint. Further, in those cases where tinnitus has devastating effects on lifestyle and ability to work, it usually attracts higher levels of compensation than hearing loss. In this chapter, the author discusses the types of injury leading to compensation claims for tinnitus, including recurrent noise exposure, acoustic trauma, head or ear injury, ear syringing, neck trauma, psychological trauma, pharmacological injury, surgical injury, missed acoustic neuroma, triggers of tinnitus onset, and tinnitus onset after end of period of noise exposure; routes for compensation claims, including statutory law, common law, and contract law; diagnosis of noise induced tinnitus, including criterion of proof, evidence of damaged hearing, onset of tinnitus, character of tinnitus, pitch matching, loudness matching, minimal masking level measurements, clinical examination, and severity; prognosis and treatment considerations, including earning capacity; and the potential problem of feigned or exaggerated tinnitus. 1 figure. 1 table. 61 references.

Books

•

77

Ears Source: in Kelly, R.B., ed. Family Health and Medical Guide. Dallas, TX: Word Publishing. 1996. p. 76-85. Contact: Available from American Academy of Family Physicians. 11400 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Leawood, KS 66211-2672. (800) 274-2237. Website: www.aafp.org. PRICE: $30.00 for members; $35.00 for non-members; plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0849908396. Summary: This chapter on the anatomy and physiology of the ears is from a family health and medical guide. The chapter first describes the anatomy of the outer, middle and inner ear, and the eustachian tubes. The chapter then covers problems of the ears, including benign positional vertigo; different types of hearing loss, including eustachian tube problems, noise induced hearing loss, otosclerosis (hardening of one of the bones of the middle ear), presbycusis (hearing loss related to aging), and ruptured eardrum; infection of the ear canal; infection of the middle ear; fluid in the middle ear; foreign objects in the ear; labyrinthitis; Meniere's disease; ringing in the ears (tinnitus); tumors of the inner ear (acoustic neuroma); tumors of the outer ear; and wax (cerumen) buildup in the ear. For each topic, the authors discuss symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and prevention. Sidebars cover decibel levels of common sounds, the causes of deafness, preventing hearing loss, preventing middle ear infections, and otitis symptoms. 4 figures.

•

Types, Degrees, and Causes of Hearing Loss Source: in Flexer, C. Facilitating Hearing and Listening in Young Children. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group, Inc. 1999. p. 35-72. Contact: Available from Singular Publishing Group, Inc. 401 West 'A' Street, Suite 325, San Diego, CA 92101-7904. (800) 521-8545 or (619) 238-6777. Fax (800) 774-8398 or (619) 238-6789. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.singpub.com. PRICE: $45.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1565939891. Summary: This chapter on the types, degrees, and causes of hearing loss is from a textbook that emphasizes the need to create an auditory world for children, in which their auditory brain centers continue to develop the neurological and experiential foundations for literacy and learning. This chapter presents an overview of the general classifications of hearing impairment and then details specific pathologies that can cause hearing impairment in children. Topics include congenital and acquired hearing impairments, distinguishing audiometric and functional definitions for hard of hearing and deaf persons, classification of hearing loss, genetic syndromes and the incidence of hearing loss associated with some syndromes (Treacher Collins, Crouzon, Waardenburg, Alport, Usher, Pendred, Jervell, Lange Nielsen), auditory pathologies, conductive hearing impairments (otitis media, collapsed ear canals, abnormalities of the middle ear ossicles, atresia, stenosis, cerumen impaction, otitis externa, perforated tympanic membrane, objects in the ear canal, cholesteatoma, and mastoiditis), sensorineural hearing impairments (tinnitus, noise induced hearing loss, viral and bacterial infections, anoxia, ototoxicity, large vestibular aqueduct, perilymph fistula, acoustic neuroma, Rh incompatibility), dysplasias (malformations or incomplete development of the inner ear), auditory neuropathy, mixed hearing impairments, progressive hearing impairments, and central and functional hearing impairments. A list of factors that place an infant or child at risk for hearing impairment is included at the end of the chapter. 2 figures. 3 tables.

78

•

Acoustic Neuroma

Multi-Channel Electrical Stimulation of the Human Cochlear Nucleus: A Preliminary Report Source: in Hochmair-Desoyer, I.J. and Hochmair, E.S., eds. Advances in Cochlear Implants. Proceedings of the Third International Cochlear Implant Conference. Vienna: Manz. 1994. p. 175-177. Contact: Available from Manz'sche Verlag-Und Universitatsbuchhandlung. Kohlmarkt 16, Postfach 163, A-1014, Vienna, AUSTRIA. Phone (0222) 53161. Summary: This chapter reports on a new auditory brainstem implant (ABI), a device used to electrically stimulate the human cochlear nucleus to provide sound sensation in patients without an auditory nerve. The electrode array is positioned in the lateral recess of the IV ventricle, adjacent to the cochlear nucleus, during surgery to remove an acoustic neuroma. In this article, the authors report their results with three patients who received a new electrode and multi-channel receiver/stimulator system, developed in collaboration with Cochlear Corporation. The new electrode design consists of 8 platinum disks mounted on a Silastic substrate with a Dacron fabric backing. Preliminary results from the three patients with the 8-contact electrode show improved performances compared to the previous, single channel system. 3 figures. 7 references. (AA-M).

•

Diseases of the Ear Source: in Tierney, L.M.; McPhee, S.J.; Papadakis, M.A., eds. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 1999. 38th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange. 1999. p. 215-228. Contact: Available from McGraw-Hill Companies. 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10021. (800) 352-3566 or (212) 512-4100. Fax (212) 512-4105. Website: www.mcgraw-hill.com. PRICE: $47.50 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0838515509. Summary: This chapter, from a reference book of medical diagnosis and treatment, covers disease of the ear. The authors cover hearing loss; diseases of the auricle (the external ear); diseases of the ear canal including earwax impaction, foreign bodies, external otitis, pruritis (itching), malignant external otitis, exostoses and osteomas, and neoplasia; diseases of the auditory tube (the Eustachian tube), including auditory tube dysfunction, serous otitis media, and barotrauma; diseases of the middle ear, including acute otitis media, chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma, complications of otitis media (mastoiditis, petrous apicitis, otogenic skull base osteomyelitis, facial paralysis, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, and central nervous system infection), otosclerosis, trauma to the middle ear, and middle ear neoplasia; earache; diseases of the inner ear, including sensory hearing loss (presbycusis, noise trauma, physical trauma, ototoxicity, and sudden sensory hearing loss), tinnitus (ringing or other noises in the ear), vertigo syndromes due to peripheral lesions, vertigo syndromes due to central lesions; diseases of the central auditory and vestibular systems, including vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma), vascular compromise, and multiple sclerosis; and the otologic manifestations of AIDS. For each disorder under consideration, the authors review the classification, diagnosis and diagnostic tests, symptoms, the etiology (cause), treatment options (including drug therapy), and anticipated course of the disease. Each section also includes references for additional reading. 1 table. 59 references.

•

Tinnitus Source: in Canalis, R.F. and Lambert, P.R., eds. Ear: Comprehensive Otology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2000. p. 559-570.

Books

79

Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. P.O. Box 1600, Hagerstown, MD 21741. (800) 638-3030. Fax (301) 223-2300. Website: www.lww.com. PRICE: $179.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 078171558X. Summary: Tinnitus is a frequently presenting complaint best defined as a noise or sound arising in the head of the affected individual. Although the term most often is applied to buzzing, ringing, or roaring sounds, it also includes pulsatile beats, clicks, and other abnormal noises that may or may not have an ear source. This chapter on tinnitus is from a textbook that offers complete coverage of the field of clinical otology (study of the ear). The book is oriented to serve both the otolaryngology resident as a practical learning tool and the practicing otolaryngologist as an updated reference source of clinical and basic information. Topics include definition; prevalence; pathogenesis; diagnosis; classification; vascular lesions, including physical examination, audiometric and radiographic studies, and treatment; muscular lesions; auditory nerve lesions, including acoustic neuroma and vascular loops; cochlear lesions; pharmacologic factors; middle ear lesions, including patulous (open) Eustachian tube; and general management considerations, including drug therapy, surgery, masking, electrical suppression, miscellaneous treatments, and psychosocial aspects. The authors note that treatment of tinnitus is difficult. Although intravenous lidocaine appears to have transient benefit, no oral pharmacologic agent provides consistent relief. Likewise, the results of surgery (e.g., cochlear nerve section) are unpredictable. However, it is possible to mask a patient's tinnitus by amplifying ambient noise with a hearing noise or by introducing noise with a masking device. 9 figures. 2 tables. 78 references.

Directories In addition to the references and resources discussed earlier in this chapter, a number of directories relating to acoustic neuroma have been published that consolidate information across various sources. The Combined Health Information Database lists the following, which you may wish to consult in your local medical library:10 •

Parent Resources: Agencies, Organizations, Support Groups Source: in DeFeo, A.B., ed. Parent Articles 2. San Antonio, TX: Communication Skill Builders. 1995. p. 213-234. Contact: Available from Communication Skill Builders. Customer Service, 555 Academic Court, San Antonio, TX 78204-2498. (800) 211-8378; Fax (800) 232-1223. PRICE: $55.00 plus shipping and handling. Order Number 076-163-0732. Summary: This appendix section is from a parent education skill builders textbook. The appendix lists agencies, organizations, and support groups that parents might want to contact as they work with developing communication skills in and with their child. National information and advocacy groups are listed, including groups for consumer information, education, financial aid, home care, legal assistance, nonoral communication, orthotics and prosthetics, psychiatry, psychology, rare disorders, rehabilitation, residential placement, self-help, severe disabilities, sibling support, social

10 You will need to limit your search to “Directory” and “acoustic neuroma” using the "Detailed Search" option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find directories, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Select your preferred language and the format option “Directory.” Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months.

80

Acoustic Neuroma

workers, and telephone usage for persons with disabilities. Also listed are national organizations for specific disabilities and conditions, including acoustic neuroma, autism, birth defects, chronic dizziness and balance disorders, cleft palate and craniofacial disorders, developmental disabilities, Down's syndrome, dyslexia, dystonia, genetic conditions, head injuries, hearing impairments, learning disabilities, mental retardation, neurofibromatosis, neurological disorders, stuttering, Tourette syndrome, and voice disorders and laryngectomies. The address and telephone number for each organization are noted. •

Brain Connections: Your Source Guide to Information on Brain Diseases and Disorders. 5th ed Source: New York, NY: Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives. 2000. 49 p. Contact: Available from Dana Press. Charles A. Dana Foundation, 745 Fifth Avenue, Suite 700, New York, NY 10151. Fax (212) 593-7623. Website: www.dana.org. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This guide lists organizations that assist people with a brain-related disorder or disease as well as those organizations that assist caregivers and health care providers in these areas. The guide lists more than 275 organizations alphabetically by disease or disorder. Listings of particular relevance to communication disorders include: acoustic neuroma, aphasia, ataxia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, deafness and hearing loss, disability and rehabilitation, dizziness, dyslexia, dystonia, head injury, learning disabilities, neurofibromatosis, smell and taste (chemosensory) disorders, spasmodic dysphonia, stuttering, tinnitus, Tourette syndrome, and vestibular disorders. Emphasis is placed on organizations that have a national focus, however, many of these groups sponsor local chapters or affiliates and make referrals to local medical professionals and organizations. For each organization listed, the guide notes mailing address, telephone numbers, e-mail and web sites; also provided are symbols which indicate that the organization offers support groups, referrals to doctors, referrals to other sources of information, regional chapters, availability of literature, availability of speakers, and volunteer opportunities. The guide also describes the publishing body, the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives, and provides a list of ways in which readers can support and further brain research.

•

Self-Help Sourcebook: Finding and Forming Mutual Aid Self-Help Groups. 4th ed Source: Denville, NJ: American Self-Help Clearinghouse. 1992. 226 p. Contact: Available from American Self-Help Clearinghouse. Attn: Sourcebook, St. Clares-Riverside Medical Center, 25 Pocono Road, Denville, NJ 07834. Voice (201) 6257101; TTY (201) 625-9053. PRICE: $9.00 book rate; $10.00 first class mail. ISBN: 0963432206. Summary: This sourcebook lists self-help groups in a wide variety of topic areas, including addictions and dependencies, bereavement, disabilities, health, mental health, parenting and family, physical and/or emotional abuse, and miscellaneous categories. Topics relevant to deafness and communication disorders include acoustic neuroma, alternative/augmentative communication, autism, cleft palate and cleft lip, cochlear implants, developmental disabilities, developmentally delayed children, Down syndrome, dystonia, ear anomalies, elective mutism, hearing impairment, inner ear problems, laryngectomy, late-deafened adults, learning disabilities, Meniere's disease, neck-head-oral cancer, parents of children with hearing impairment, speech dysfunction, speech impairments, stuttering, tinnitus, Tourette syndrome, and Usher's

Books

81

syndrome. In addition to basic information about the self-help groups, the sourcebook lists self-help clearinghouses, toll-free helplines, resources for rare disorders, resources for genetic disorders, housing and neighborhood resources and resources for the homeless, how-to ideas for developing self-help groups, and using a home computer for mutual help. The book includes a bibliography and key word index.

83

CHAPTER 7. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover acoustic neuroma.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on acoustic neuroma is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to acoustic neuroma. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for acoustic neuroma: •

Some elderly patients with acoustic neuroma can be managed expectantly Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 23, 2000

84

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Radiosurgery prevents growth of acoustic neuromas over long term Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 12, 1998

•

Hearing Preservation Should Be Standard In Acoustic Neuroma Surgery Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 29, 1997

•

Acoustic Neuroma Resection Best Performed In Two Stages Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 27, 1995 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to acoustic neuroma, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/.

Periodicals and News

85

BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms).

Newsletter Articles Use the Combined Health Information Database, and limit your search criteria to “newsletter articles.” Again, you will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter Article.” Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for newsletter articles on acoustic neuroma: •

Acoustic Neuroma and Depression: An Update Source: ANA Notes. Number 67: 1, 6. September 1998. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: Acoustic neuroma is a serious illness that, even after surgery, can leave multiple disabling symptoms and depression. This review focuses on depression after surgery for acoustic neuroma. The author notes that a 1993 article reviewed the available information on acoustic neuroma and depression and showed that up to 37 percent of acoustic neuroma patients experienced depression. The author of this 1998 article reports on research published in the past five years. The author also reviews the definitions of depressive disorders as they are outlined in the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual. All of the depressive disorders can be helped by appropriate intervention. This intervention can include peer support, individual counseling, and anti-depressant medication. The author concludes by encouraging readers to use the support services offered by the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 8 references.

•

Radiosurgery for Acoustic Neuromas Source: ANA Notes. Number 75: 1, 4. September 2000. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a minimally invasive procedure that delivers a large, one-time dose of radiation to a specific target within the head, while sparing surrounding tissue. This newsletter article discusses radiosurgery, an attractive alternative for some acoustic neuroma patients. Obvious advantages are its noninvasive nature, its shortened immediate recovery time, its preservation of hearing in many cases, and its value as an alternative for patients unable or unwilling to undergo surgery. The authors describe the procedure and its development, a typical radiosurgical treatment, and what the patient can expect as results from this type of

86

Acoustic Neuroma

surgery. The authors caution that the role of radiosurgery is limited by its inability to remove excess weight from the brainstem immediately. Therefore, patients with large, symptomatic tumors should undergo conventional surgery in order to decompress the brainstem more quickly. However, for acoustic neuromas under 3 cm in diameter, the results of SRS compare favorably with the best published surgical results. Hearing preservation rates of 70 percent have been reported for very small tumors. 2 figures. •

Acoustic Neuroma Association Source: ANA Notes. Acoustic Neuroma Association Notes. Number 66: 1, 6-8. May 1998. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This article describes the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA), an organization established to improve the patient's treatment experience and subsequent recovery. The organization believes that by providing realistic and accurate patient information and by offering interaction with other acoustic tumor patients, each patient's experience will be enhanced. Altered levels of hearing and balance or perhaps loss of facial function are often a source of ongoing distress to the acoustic neuroma patient. The author stresses that most patients find encouragement and support from association with other acoustic neuroma patients; also, realistic patient information can reduce anxiety and fear prior to treatment and provide guidance for rehabilitative alternatives and coping strategies later. The article outlines the four purposes of the organization and describes the following components: the Medical Advisory Board, the quarterly newsletter (in which this article appears), the national symposia, the patient education publications, the exhibits, the patient surveys, the local groups, the international affiliations, the Acoustic Neuroma Registry, the national office, and the Internet homepage. The author concludes that advances in technology and increased awareness of unilateral hearing loss as a possible indication of acoustic neuroma sometimes allow for earlier diagnosis and, therefore, smaller tumors (which are easier to treat). However, the ANA still receives many information requests from patients with large tumors with whom rehabilitation or long-term coping strategies may need to be utilized.

•

Improving Balance Following Treatment for Acoustic Neuroma: Part II Source: ANA Notes. Number 73: 1, 4-7. March 2000. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This article helps readers understand how to cope with balance difficulties following treatment for acoustic neuroma. While the brain will adapt to changes in the vestibular system, it may be easier to use vision as the primary sense for balance. In many people their everyday activities do not force the brain to make this adaptation to changes in the vestibular system, so they become dizzy when for some reason the brain cannot use the visual input to maintain balance. The authors describe balance therapy that is designed to create situations where the brain must learn to adapt to changes in the balance system. The exercises that patients are encouraged to perform to improve balance should stress the perception of stability enough to make the patient a bit unsteady. These exercises force the brain to make vestibular function the first priority for balance. Early on after microsurgical removal of an acoustic neuroma, most people naturally tend to move slowly, often moving the head and body together in a stiff unit. As balance recovery progresses, it is importance to encourage the brain to adjust to

Periodicals and News

87

faster and faster movements and to develop flexibility of head and neck movements. The author offers specific suggestions for balance exercises; approximately half of the article consists of illustrations of these balance exercises, categorized as neck flexibility, scar massage, walking exercises, standing exercises, movement exercises, and gaze stabilization exercises. 11 figures. •

Improving Balance Following Treatment for Acoustic Neuroma Source: ANA Notes. Number 72: 1, 4-5, 10. December 1999. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This article offers guidance for patients on improving stability, either after treatment for an acoustic neuromas or while an acoustic neuroma is being observed. Essentially everyone who has been treated for an acoustic neuroma experiences some difficulty with balance. For some people, this instability may be mild and noticeable only in certain circumstances, such as going down a flight of stairs in the dark. For others, there may be difficulty returning to work, or even performing regular daily activities such as driving, shopping, and home maintenance. The authors of this article discuss normal balance function, the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular (balance) system, the role of vision, proprioception, the priority of balance sensors, the effect of an acoustic neuroma, balance recovery following microsurgical removal of an acoustic neuroma, and balance recovery following focused radiation therapy for an acoustic neuroma. The authors stress that balance therapy or rehabilitation can help patients recover their balance more quickly after acoustic neuroma treatment. 2 figures.

•

Preparing for Acoustic Neuroma Surgery Source: ANA Notes. Number 78: 1, 9-11. June 2001. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association. 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-6899. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770) 205-0239. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This article, from the journal of the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA), reviews the preoperative care and preparation for patients undergoing surgery for acoustic neuroma. Topics include admission procedures, the hospital admission and preoperative care, what to expect on the morning the surgery is scheduled, the recovery unit (intensive care), what to expect the day after surgery, rehabilitation during the hospital stay, and discharge from the hospital (going home). The author stresses that patients who begin treatment with a positive mental attitude and who maintain that attitude throughout the recovery period seem to have an easier and more complete recovery. Readers are advised to talk with a former patient about his or her experiences; often it is helpful to hear how others have coped with having had an acoustic neuroma.

•

Facial Weakness and Facial Paralysis Following Acoustic Neuroma Surgery Source: ANA Notes. Number 74: 1, 4-5. June 2000. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This newsletter article describes the facial weakness and facial paralysis that can follow surgery for acoustic neuroma. The article is a reprint of the lecture given by the author at ANA's 14th National Symposium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The author

88

Acoustic Neuroma

discusses four primary causes for facial weakness following this type of surgery: traction, heat, loss of blood supply, and transection of the nerve. The first three result in a temporary facial weakness; however, transection of the nerve can result in a permanent facial paralysis unless secondary procedures are then performed. The author describes some approaches to the immediate postoperative period, including the use of artificial tears and lubricant in the ear (to protect the cornea), oral guards to protect the inside of the upper cheek, and weighing the upper eyelid to assist in eye closure. The author also describes the reparative surgery that may be undertaken in patients who no longer have a facial nerve, or whose facial nerve is transected. Observation only is the treatment for patients whose nerve was anatomically preserved and who are likely to regain facial movement. The author cautions that it can take from one month to one year for the nerve to regenerate (grow back). The article concludes with a reprint of a brief question and answer session that the author conducted after giving this lecture; topics covered include the use of Botox, free tissue transfer, the use of facial retraining, testing the amount of moisture in the eye, and patient selection for secondary surgical procedures. •

Tinnitus and Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) Source: Online: RNID Tinnitus Helpline Newsletter. Number 21: 2-6. November 1999. Contact: Available from Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID). RNID Helpline, P.O. Box 16464, London EC1Y8TT, United Kingdom. Fax 0171 296 8199. Email: [email protected]. Website: www.rnid.org.uk. Summary: This newsletter article discusses tinnitus and vestibular schwannoma (VS, also called an acoustic neuroma), which is a benign tumor arising from the Schwann cells of the nerve sheath of the vestibular nerve. The author discusses the prevalence and natural history of VS; the symptoms, including tinnitus (ringing, buzzing, or other sounds in the ears); the mechanisms by which VS may generate tinnitus; the diagnostic significance of VS; tinnitus that appears after surgery for VS; gaze evoked tinnitus; and the management of tinnitus in vestibular schwannoma. The authors note that while it is important to eliminate VS when seeking the cause of tinnitus, some patients may have problems with the noise of the MRI scanner. The authors conclude that individuals with a VS and in whom tinnitus is distressing can be identified with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory or similar instrument at both pre and postoperative stages. If such distress is present, then tinnitus management should be considered using modern techniques for reducing tinnitus distress. 1 figure.

•

Insurance Considerations in the Management of an Acoustic Neuroma Source: ANA Notes. Number 75: 1, 9, 11. September 2000. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This newsletter article reminds readers of some of the insurance considerations that may be encountered when obtaining coverage for the management of an acoustic neuroma. The author reviews the concepts that readers must keep in mind as they prepare to present requests for referrals or payments to the insurance company. These concepts include the need to read and understand the insurance contract; advocate for support with the help of the physician; learn the process for filing the necessary paperwork; understand that the process takes time; understand the appeals process offered by the insurance company; understand the appeals process offered or allowed by the state insurance or managed care regulators; get good quality

Periodicals and News

89

scientific data to support the request from a variety of sources; if necessary, know how to get employers involved; determine the nature of the decision; have the medical doctor talk directly to the insurance medical director, contact public officials or attorneys as necessary; evaluate all medical approaches to treatment that have the same potential for the desired outcome; be flexible; be willing to work within the rules of the insurance system; be financially prepared; evaluate opinions based on sound medical advice; learn about arbitration choices; and be cautious about changing insurance companies. The author stresses that the ability to have treatment for a brain tumor often demands assistance by a third party who will pay the bill on the patient's behalf. Understanding and working with the system with the support of knowledgeable experts will improve the likelihood of favorable clinical and financial outcomes. •

Headaches After Acoustic Neuroma Surgery Source: ANA Notes. Number 75: 1, 8-10. March 2001. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This newsletter article reports on the incidence of headaches after acoustic neuroma surgery. The author notes that although headaches as a symptom prior to treatment are relatively uncommon for vestibular schwannoma, they occur with surprising frequency after treatment and can have a profound impact upon quality of life in acoustic neuroma patients. The pain often persists for prolonged periods of time and does not always respond well to a number of medical and surgical treatments directed at the headache. The author discusses the frequency of headache following neuroma surgery, the nature of the headache, their causes, and current therapies. Causes of the headaches can include the surgical approach (craniectomy versus craniotomy), aspetic meningitis, muscle pain, nerve entrapment, and low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The best treatment is prevention, since these headaches have proven to be difficult to treat once they occur. The author also discusses the use of cranioplasty, medication, local therapy to neck muscles, nerve block or section, stress reduction and antidepressants, and care from a multidisciplinary pain center. The author notes that most surgeons are aware of the need to prevent these headaches and take measures to minimize muscle incisions, to replace skull bone whenever possible, and to limit the distribution of bone dust within the operative field.

•

Eligibility for Social Security and SSI Disability Benefits Based on Acoustic Neuroma Source: ANA Notes. Number 67: 9, 11. September 1998. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. Summary: This newsletter article reviews the issue of eligibility for Social Security and SSI disability benefits based on acoustic neuroma. These two disability benefit programs are administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). Disability benefits are available to claimants who meet two conditions: they are disabled and cannot work at any job (not just the jobs they held in the past); and through their employment, they have contributed enough FICA tax over the years to be covered. The person's wage history will determine the monthly benefit amount. Eligibility for disability benefits depends on the limitations arising from both physical and mental impairments. Hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus, as well as the loss of eye sensation or control (which may be associated with acoustic neuroma) may make it impossible for the person to work at a regular job. Dizziness may make it impossible to take public transportation, carry heavy

90

Acoustic Neuroma

items, or walk very far. Coping with the effects of the condition, including the change in one's appearance and a loss of control of facial movements, often create a mental strain or depression which can affect the ability to function in the workplace. The author of the article reviews the SSA evaluation process, specific eligibility requirements, how to apply for benefits, the application and appeals process, how long the process takes, and work incentive programs. The article concludes with the tollfree telephone number of the SSA (800-772-1213) for readers wishing to obtain further information. •

Medical Aspects of Acoustic Neuroma Surgery: What to Expect Before and After Source: ANA Notes. Cumming, GA. 89:1. 2004. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association. 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041. 770-205-8211; Fax:770-205-0239. Web site: http://www.ANAUSA.org. E-mail: [email protected]. Summary: Written especially for patients and their family members, this article contains an overview of what patients should expect during both pre- and post-operative surgical procedure for acoustic neuroma. Topics covered include questions posed to the author during a workshop titled 'General Physical Condition of Acoustic Neuroma Patients' at Acoustic Neuroma Association's (ANA) 16th National Symposium in Anaheim, CA in June 2003. The Acoustic Neuroma Association furnishes information on patient rehabilitation to physicians and health care personnel, promotes research on acoustic neuroma, and educates the public regarding symptoms suggestive of acoustic neuroma, thus promoting early diagnosis and successful treatment.

Academic Periodicals covering Acoustic Neuroma Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to acoustic neuroma. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering acoustic neuroma that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

91

APPENDICES

93

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute11: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

11

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

94

Acoustic Neuroma

•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources

95

NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.12 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:13 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

12

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 13 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

96

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway14 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.15 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 4663 52 50 5 7 4777

HSTAT16 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.17 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.18 Simply search by “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

14

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

15

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 16 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 17 18

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

Physician Resources

97

Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists19 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.20 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.21 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

19 Adapted 20

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 21 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

99

APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on acoustic neuroma can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to acoustic neuroma. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to acoustic neuroma. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “acoustic neuroma”:

100

Acoustic Neuroma

Acoustic Neuroma http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/acousticneuroma.html Brain Cancer http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/braincancer.html Dizziness and Vertigo http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dizzinessandvertigo.html Ear Infections http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/earinfections.html Hearing Disorders and Deafness http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html Hearing Problems in Children http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hearingproblemsinchildren.html Meniere's Disease http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/menieresdisease.html Neurofibromatosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/neurofibromatosis.html Speech and Communication Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html Spinal Cord Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spinalcorddiseases.html

Within the health topic page dedicated to acoustic neuroma, the following was listed: •

General/Overviews Acoustic Neuroma Source: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=HQ00182

•

Diagnosis/Symptoms Computed Tomography (CT)-Head Source: American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America http://www.radiologyinfo.org/content/ct_of_the_head.htm Hearing Problems Source: American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org/508.xml MR Imaging (MRI)-Head Source: American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America http://www.radiologyinfo.org/content/mr_of_the_head.htm Ten Ways to Recognize Hearing Loss Source: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/10ways.asp Understanding Your Audiogram Source: American Academy of Audiology http://www.audiology.org/consumer/guides/uya.php

Patient Resources

•

101

Treatment Acoustic Neuroma Source: International Radiosurgery Support Association http://www.irsa.org/acoustic_neuroma.html Gamma-Knife Radiosurgery: Neurosurgery without a Scalpel Source: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=HQ00736

•

Specific Conditions/Aspects Schwannomatosis Source: National Neurofibromatosis Foundation http://www.nf.org/schwannomatosis/

•

From the National Institutes of Health Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) and Neurofibromatosis Source: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/acoustic_neuroma.asp

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on acoustic neuroma. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

Acoustic Neuroma Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 1997. 20 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: $1.50 plus shipping and handling. Summary: Acoustic neuroma is a benign (non-cancerous) tissue growth that arises on the eighth cranial nerve. An acoustic neuroma can be treated by microsurgical removal or radiosurgery, or managed by observation. This booklet was written to provide patients, family members, physicians, and other health care personnel with

102

Acoustic Neuroma

comprehensive, nontechnical information about acoustic neuroma. The author answers questions about acoustic neuromas, covering the causes of the tumor and its growth pattern, the incidence of acoustic neuroma, symptoms, diagnostic tests used to confirm the tumor, treatment options, postoperative care and complications, and psychological factors. Postoperative complications and issues discussed include surgical recovery, hearing loss, tinnitus, facial weakness or paralysis, eye problems, taste disturbance and mouth dryness (or excessive salivation), swallowing and voice problems, balance problems, fatigue, headache, dental care, and protecting the other ear. The booklet includes a glossary of related terms. The booklet concludes with a brief description of the Acoustic Neuroma Association, a patient-organized support and information organization for those who face or have undergone treatment for acoustic neuroma. 4 figures. 11 references. •

Eye Care After Acoustic Neuroma Surgery Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 1998. 20 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: $2.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: Many patients who have an acoustic neuroma removed have eye problems after surgery. This booklet describes the reasons for eye problems after acoustic neuroma surgery, common symptoms, and their causes. It also discusses eye care after surgery, including non-surgical eye care, both patient and physician-instigated; surgical techniques to improve lid position; surgical techniques to animate the upper eyelid; surgical elevation of the brow; surgical closure of the tear drainage system; and recent research concerning eye surgery and ocular preparations (eye drops and ointments). The appendix lists the trade names and ingredients of artificial tear preparations and eye ointments, as well as two types of protective devices and their suppliers. 9 figures.

•

Acoustic Neuroma Association: Information and Support Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association. 1990. 2 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association. P.O. Box 12402, Atlanta, GA 30355. (404) 237-8023. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: The Acoustic Neuroma Association is a patient organized and administered information and mutual-aid group. This brochure describes the purposes and activities of the Association. Topics covered include how the Association began, publications of the Association, and other activities of the group. The brochure also lists the members of the Executive Board and the Medical Advisory Board.

•

Discussion of Acoustic Neuromas Source: Los Angeles, CA: House Ear Institute. 1995. 19 p. Contact: Available from House Ear Institute. 2100 West Third Street, Fifth Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90057. Voice (800) 552-HEAR; (213) 483-4431; TTY (213) 484-2642; Fax (213) 483-8789. PRICE: $1.00 per booklet. Order Number BR-14. Summary: This brochure describes acoustic neuromas, non-malignant fibrous growths originating from the balance or hearing nerve. Written for the person newly diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma, the booklet begins with a description of the anatomy and function of the normal ear, then discusses tumor sizes, surgical approaches

Patient Resources

103

(translabyrinthine, middle fossa, and retrosigmoid), partial versus total removal of an acoustic tumor, radiation therapy, and hearing impairment following surgery. A final section outlines the risks and complications of acoustic tumor surgery, including hearing loss, tinnitus, taste disturbance and mouth dryness, dizziness and balance disturbance, facial paralysis, eye complications, other nerve weaknesses, postoperative headache, brain complications, postoperative spinal fluid leak, postoperative bleeding and brain swelling, postoperative infection, and transfusion reactions. The booklet provides checklists and boxes to individualize the information provided to a specific patient. The address of the Acoustic Neuroma Association is given. 1 figure. •

Some Answers About Acoustic Neuroma Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 1999. 2 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This brochure provides basic information about acoustic neuroma. Topics include a description of acoustic neuroma; the complications of acoustic neuroma, including hearing loss and/or tinnitus; diagnostic measures used to confirm acoustic neuroma; and treatment options, including surgery and surgical techniques used. The brochure also includes information about the Acoustic Neuroma Association, a patientorganized and administered information and mutual-aid nonprofit organization. The brochure concludes with a list of the Association's activities.

•

Radiosurgery for Acoustic Neuroma Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association. 1994. 16 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: $1.50 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This brochure provides information on radiosurgery as an alternative to open skull surgery for the treatment of acoustic neuroma. Three articles from the newsletter of the Acoustic Neuroma Association are reprinted in this brochure: radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma (L.H. Pitts), stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery for patients with acoustic tumors (L.D. Lunsford), and LINAC, or linear accelerator, radiosurgery for acoustic schwannomas (W.A. Friedman). The introduction provides readers with a list of nine points to think about when considering radiosurgery. The booklet, while designed for patient education, includes technical language and detailed medical information.

•

Glimpse of the Brain: The Acoustic Neuroma Connection Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association. March 1998. 15 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: $1.50 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This brochure reprints an article from the quarterly newsletter of the Acoustic Neuroma Association on the nervous system and acoustic neuromas. Topics covered include the structure and function of the parts of the brain; the anatomic location of the cranial nerves; the anatomic basic for acoustic neuroma symptoms;

104

Acoustic Neuroma

auditory symptoms; unsteadiness and vertigo; facial weakness and eye tearing; facial numbness; facial pain; incoordination in extremities; double vision; difficulty swallowing; weakness or loss of sensation in extremities; and headaches. The brochure includes space for readers to record notes. 6 figures. •

Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) and Neurofibromatosis Source: Bethesda, MD. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) Information Clearinghouse. 2003. Contact: Available from National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) Information Clearinghouse. 1 Communication Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-3456. Voice (800) 241-1044. TTY (800) 241-1055. Fax (301) 907-8830. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.nidcd.nih.gov. PRICE: Single copy free. Also available online. NIH Pub No. 99-580. Summary: This fact sheet presents an overview of vestibular schwannoma (also known as acoustic neuroma, acoustic neurinoma, or acoustic neurilemoma) is a benign, usually slow- growing tumor that develops from the balance and hearing nerves supplying the inner ear. Unilateral/asymmetric hearing loss and/or tinnitus and loss of balance/dizziness are early signs of a vestibular schwannoma. The fact sheet discusses the causes, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this disorder, and lists referrals for additional information.

•

Headache: Following Acoustic Neuroma Surgery Can Be a Real Pain in the Neck Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). February 1996. 20 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: $2.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This pamphlet includes an article originally published in the February 1994 issue of ANA Notes, a quarterly newsletter from the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). Topics include the prevalence of headaches caused by Acoustic Neuroma; what the headaches are like; causes of the headaches, which include aseptic meningitis, coupling of the dura with neck muscles, nerve entrapment, low intracranial pressure, muscle spasms, and exacerbation of an underlying headache pattern; what can be done for these kind of headaches, which including drug therapy, surgery, local measures, and stress reduction; and prevention of post-surgery headaches. A collection of articles and letters from ANA members is included. Inside the back cover is a listing of ANA publications with pricing and shipping information.

•

Diagnosis: Acoustic Neuroma. What Next? Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 1995. 15 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: $1.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This patient education booklet helps readers understand the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care involved for acoustic neuromas. An acoustic neuroma, a benign tumor, originates on the auditory nerve. The booklet describes the surgical and non-surgical approaches to acoustic neuroma removal. The booklet includes questions for the pre-operative patient to ask the surgeon. The author then

Patient Resources

105

walks readers through each step of the procedure, from arriving at the hospital to immediate preoperative preparations to postoperative recovery. He also explains what patients and family members can expect in the recovery process. •

Facial Nerve and Acoustic Neuroma: Possible Damage and Rehabilitation Source: Atlanta, GA: Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 1997. 13 p. Contact: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA). 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041-8211. (770) 205-8211. Fax (770 www.ANAUSA.org. PRICE: $1.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This patient education brochure provides information about the interplay between the facial nerve and acoustic neuroma. An acoustic tumor, or surgical manipulation during its removal, may damage the facial nerve or necessitate its interruption. The author contends that it is possible to restore some degree of facial function in every instance of facial weakness or paralysis by choosing an appropriate technique. He discusses surgical rehabilitation, non-surgical therapies for facial muscle maintenance and rehabilitation, the facial nerve grading scale, and neuro-muscular reeducation techniques. Healthfinder™

Healthfinder™ is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and offers links to hundreds of other sites that contain healthcare information. This Web site is located at http://www.healthfinder.gov. Again, keyword searches can be used to find guidelines. The following was recently found in this database: •

Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neurinoma) and Neurofibromatosis Summary: This fact sheet provides consumers with basic facts about acoustic neurinoma -- a benign tumor which often causes gradual hearing loss, tinnitus or ringing in the ears, and dizziness. Source: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Information Clearinghouse http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=2066 The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to acoustic neuroma. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html.

106

Acoustic Neuroma

NORD (The National Organization of Rare Disorders, Inc.) NORD provides an invaluable service to the public by publishing short yet comprehensive guidelines on over 1,000 diseases. NORD primarily focuses on rare diseases that might not be covered by the previously listed sources. NORD’s Web address is http://www.rarediseases.org/. A complete guide on acoustic neuroma can be purchased from NORD for a nominal fee. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Associations and Acoustic Neuroma The following is a list of associations that provide information on and resources relating to acoustic neuroma: •

Acoustic Neuroma Association Telephone: (770) 205-8211 Fax: (770) 205-0239 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.ANAUSA.org Background: The Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing information and support to individuals with an acoustic neuroma. An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor of the eighth (auditory) cranial nerve. Established in 1981, the Association seeks to educate the public regarding symptoms suggestive of acoustic neuroma in order to promote early diagnosis and successful treatment. In addition, the Acoustic Neuroma Association provides referrals to support groups and offers a variety of educational and support materials through its database, quaterly newsletter, brochures, and audiovisual aids. Relevant area(s) of interest: Acoustic Neuroma

•

Acoustic Neuroma Association of Canada Telephone: (780) 428-3384 Toll-free: (800) 561-2622

Patient Resources

107

Fax: (780) 438-4837 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.anac.ca Background: The Acoustic Neuroma Association of Canada (ANAC) is a not-for-profit, self-help organization dedicated to providing a comfortable environment for people who have or are facing the removal of acoustic neuromas and other tumors involving the cranial nerves. Acoustic neuromas are benign (noncancerous) tumors affecting the eighth cranial nerve, which is located in the auditory canal of the ear. Established in 1984, ANAC provides support; furnishes information on patient rehabilitation to physicians and health care personnel interested in the treatment of benign tumors and the alleviation of post surgical problems; and promotes and supports research on the cause, development, and treatment of acoustic neuromas. ANAC consists of 500 members and produces educational materials including a quarterly newsletter entitled 'The Connection,' a pamphlet on Acoustic Neuroma, and a brochure entitled 'The Hope is Recognition and Treatment.' Program activities include regular support group meetings, patient advocacy, patient networking, and patient education. Relevant area(s) of interest: Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor

Acoustic

Neurilemoma,

Acoustic

Neuroma,

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to acoustic neuroma. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with acoustic neuroma. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about acoustic neuroma. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “acoustic neuroma” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database.

108

Acoustic Neuroma

Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “acoustic neuroma”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “acoustic neuroma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “acoustic neuroma” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

109

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.22

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

22

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

110

Acoustic Neuroma

libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)23: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

23

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

111

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

112

Acoustic Neuroma

•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

113

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

114

Acoustic Neuroma

•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

115

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on acoustic neuroma: •

Basic Guidelines for Acoustic Neuroma Acoustic neuroma Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000778.htm NF2 Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000795.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Acoustic Neuroma Cerebrospinal fluid Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003190.htm Cough Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003072.htm Coughing Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003072.htm

116

Acoustic Neuroma

Dizziness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003093.htm Drooling Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003048.htm Eyes, pupils different size Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003314.htm Facial drooping Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003028.htm Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Headache Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003024.htm Hearing loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003044.htm Hydrocephalus Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003190.htm Loss of balance Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003093.htm Nausea Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm Nausea and vomiting Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm Numbness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003206.htm Pain in the face Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003027.htm Paralysis Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003190.htm Sneezing Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003060.htm Tinnitus Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003043.htm Unsteady walk Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm

Online Glossaries 117

Vertigo Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003093.htm Vision abnormalities Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003029.htm Vomiting Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm Weakness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003174.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Acoustic Neuroma ANA Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003535.htm Audiology Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003341.htm BAL Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003858.htm Caloric stimulation Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003429.htm CT Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003330.htm Electronystagmography Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003448.htm Head CT Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003786.htm MRI Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003335.htm MRI of the head Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003791.htm

•

Surgery and Procedures for Acoustic Neuroma Brain surgery Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003018.htm

•

Background Topics for Acoustic Neuroma Aggravated by Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002227.htm

118

Acoustic Neuroma

Benign Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002236.htm Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm Radiotherapy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001918.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

119

ACOUSTIC NEUROMA DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Acoustic: Having to do with sound or hearing. [NIH] Action Potentials: The electric response of a nerve or muscle to its stimulation. [NIH] Acuity: Clarity or clearness, especially of the vision. [EU] Adaptation: 1. The adjustment of an organism to its environment, or the process by which it enhances such fitness. 2. The normal ability of the eye to adjust itself to variations in the intensity of light; the adjustment to such variations. 3. The decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, particularly of a receptor, under conditions of constant stimulation. 4. In dentistry, (a) the proper fitting of a denture, (b) the degree of proximity and interlocking of restorative material to a tooth preparation, (c) the exact adjustment of bands to teeth. 5. In microbiology, the adjustment of bacterial physiology to a new environment. [EU] Adjustment: The dynamic process wherein the thoughts, feelings, behavior, and biophysiological mechanisms of the individual continually change to adjust to the environment. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Afferent: Concerned with the transmission of neural impulse toward the central part of the nervous system. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU] Alexia: The inability to recognize or comprehend written or printed words. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alpha Particles: Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two neutrons, i.e., helium nuclei, emitted during disintegration of very heavy isotopes; a beam of alpha particles or an alpha ray has very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy,

120

Acoustic Neuroma

magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amplification: The production of additional copies of a chromosomal DNA sequence, found as either intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA. [NIH] Ampulla: A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. [NIH] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Anastomosis: A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Androgens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Aneurysm: A sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart. [NIH] Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Antiallergic: Counteracting allergy or allergic conditions. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Anxiety: Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster. [NIH] Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [NIH] Aphasia: A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed

Dictionary 121

forms of aphasia. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Aseptic: Free from infection or septic material; sterile. [EU] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Ataxia: Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharnyx, larnyx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or peripheral nerve diseases. Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; injury to the red nucleus; and other conditions. [NIH] Atresia: Lack of a normal opening from the esophagus, intestines, or anus. [NIH] Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Atrophy: Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. [NIH] Attenuation: Reduction of transmitted sound energy or its electrical equivalent. [NIH] Audiologist: Study of hearing including treatment of persons with hearing defects. [NIH] Audiology: The study of hearing and hearing impairment. [NIH] Audiometry: The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensity levels at which an individual can hear a set of tones. The frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz are used to test air conduction thresholds, and the frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz are used to test bone conduction thresholds. [NIH] Audiovisual Aids: Auditory and visual instructional materials. [NIH] Auditory: Pertaining to the sense of hearing. [EU] Auditory Cortex: Area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing. [NIH] Auditory nerve: The eight cranial nerve; also called vestibulocochlear nerve or acoustic nerve. [NIH] Aural: Pertaining to or perceived by the ear, as an aural stimulus. [EU] Autoimmune disease: A condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacterial Infections: Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. [NIH] Bacterial Physiology: Physiological processes and activities of bacteria. [NIH] Barotrauma: Injury following pressure changes; includes injury to the eustachian tube, ear drum, lung and stomach. [NIH] Basal Ganglia: Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres. [NIH] Basal Ganglia Diseases: Diseases of the basal ganglia including the putamen; globus

122

Acoustic Neuroma

pallidus; claustrum; amygdala; and caudate nucleus. Dyskinesias (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include cerebrovascular disease; neurodegenerative diseases; and craniocerebral trauma. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Benign tumor: A noncancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile duct: A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. [NIH] Binaural: Used of the two ears functioning together. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Brachytherapy: A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues. [NIH] Brain Neoplasms: Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. [NIH] Brain Stem: The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal

Dictionary 123

cord. It consists of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. [NIH] Bulbar: Pertaining to a bulb; pertaining to or involving the medulla oblongata, as bulbar paralysis. [EU] Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent. [NIH] Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Case series: A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment. Reports of case series usually contain detailed information about the individual patients. This includes demographic information (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin) and information on diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment. [NIH] Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Caudal: Denoting a position more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified point of reference; same as inferior, in human anatomy. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Central Nervous System Infections: Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA virus infections; RNA virus infections; bacterial infections; mycoplasma infections; Spirochaetales infections; fungal infections; protozoan infections; helminthiasis; and prion diseases may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process. [NIH] Cerebellar: Pertaining to the cerebellum. [EU] Cerebellopontine: Going from the cerebellum (the part of the brain responsible for coordinating movement) to the pons (part of the central nervous system located near the base of the brain.) [NIH] Cerebellopontine Angle: Junction between the cerebellum and the pons. [NIH] Cerebellum: Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Cortex: The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon and folds into gyri. It reaches its highest development in man and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions. [NIH] Cerebral hemispheres: The two halves of the cerebrum, the part of the brain that controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. The right hemisphere controls muscle movement on the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls muscle movement on the right side of the body. [NIH] Cerebral Infarction: The formation of an area of necrosis in the cerebrum caused by an

124

Acoustic Neuroma

insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., infarction, anterior cerebral artery), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). [NIH]

Cerebrospinal: Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord. [EU] Cerebrospinal fluid: CSF. The fluid flowing around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles in the brain. [NIH] Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure: Manometric pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cisternal puncture. Within the cranial cavity it is called intracranial pressure. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cerumen: The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Character: In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. [NIH] Cholesteatoma: A non-neoplastic keratinizing mass with stratified squamous epithelium, frequently occurring in the meninges, central nervous system, bones of the skull, and most commonly in the middle ear and mastoid region. [NIH] Chromosomal: Pertaining to chromosomes. [EU] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Cleft Lip: Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region. [NIH] Cleft Palate: Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. [NIH] Clinical Medicine: The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient. [NIH]

Clinical study: A research study in which patients receive treatment in a clinic or other medical facility. Reports of clinical studies can contain results for single patients (case reports) or many patients (case series or clinical trials). [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH]

Dictionary 125

Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Cochlea: The part of the internal ear that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, is conical, and is placed almost horizontally anterior to the vestibule. [NIH]

Cochlear: Of or pertaining to the cochlea. [EU] Cochlear Diseases: Diseases of the cochlea, the part of the inner ear that is concerned with hearing. [NIH] Cochlear Implantation: Surgical insertion of an electronic device implanted beneath the skin with electrodes to the cochlear nerve to create sound sensation in persons with sensorineural deafness. [NIH] Cochlear Implants: Electronic devices implanted beneath the skin with electrodes to the cochlear nerve to create sound sensation in persons with sensorineural deafness. [NIH] Cochlear Nerve: The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the spiral ganglion and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (cochlear nucleus) of the brain stem. They mediate the sense of hearing. [NIH] Cochlear Nucleus: The brain stem nucleus that receives the central input from the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nucleus is located lateral and dorsolateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncles and is functionally divided into dorsal and ventral parts. It is tonotopically organized, performs the first stage of central auditory processing, and projects (directly or indirectly) to higher auditory areas including the superior olivary nuclei, the medial geniculi, the inferior colliculi, and the auditory cortex. [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Colon: The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Communication Disorders: Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive language disorders, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., mental retardation), psychiatric conditions, and hearing disorders. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials

126

Acoustic Neuroma

including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized tomography. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH] Concretion: Minute, hard, yellow masses found in the palpebral conjunctivae of elderly people or following chronic conjunctivitis, composed of the products of cellular degeneration retained in the depressions and tubular recesses in the conjunctiva. [NIH] Conduction: The transfer of sound waves, heat, nervous impulses, or electricity. [EU] Conjunctiva: The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior part of the sclera. [NIH] Constriction: The act of constricting. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contralateral: Having to do with the opposite side of the body. [NIH] Coordination: Muscular or motor regulation or the harmonious cooperation of muscles or groups of muscles, in a complex action or series of actions. [NIH] Cornea: The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside. [NIH]

Dictionary 127

Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Corpus: The body of the uterus. [NIH] Corpus Luteum: The yellow glandular mass formed in the ovary by an ovarian follicle that has ruptured and discharged its ovum. [NIH] Cortex: The outer layer of an organ or other body structure, as distinguished from the internal substance. [EU] Corticosteroid: Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids, or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids, chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; mineralocorticoids, affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance; and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees, and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory agents, and to suppress the immune response. Called also adrenocortical hormone and corticoid. [EU] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Cranial Nerves: Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers. [NIH] Craniocerebral Trauma: Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., brain; cranial nerves; meninges; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. [NIH] Craniotomy: An operation in which an opening is made in the skull. [NIH] Criterion: A standard by which something may be judged. [EU] Cryosurgery: The use of freezing as a special surgical technique to destroy or excise tissue. [NIH]

Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Decompression: Decompression external to the body, most often the slow lessening of external pressure on the whole body (especially in caisson workers, deep sea divers, and persons who ascend to great heights) to prevent decompression sickness. It includes also sudden accidental decompression, but not surgical (local) decompression or decompression applied through body openings. [NIH] Decompression Sickness: A condition occurring as a result of exposure to a rapid fall in ambient pressure. Gases, nitrogen in particular, come out of solution and form bubbles in body fluid and blood. These gas bubbles accumulate in joint spaces and the peripheral circulation impairing tissue oxygenation causing disorientation, severe pain, and potentially death. [NIH] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Dental Care: The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982). [NIH]

128

Acoustic Neuroma

Depressive Disorder: An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Dilation: A process by which the pupil is temporarily enlarged with special eye drops (mydriatic); allows the eye care specialist to better view the inside of the eye. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Discrimination: The act of qualitative and/or quantitative differentiation between two or more stimuli. [NIH] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Dizziness: An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness. [NIH] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dura mater: The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord; called also pachymeninx. [EU] Dyslexia: Partial alexia in which letters but not words may be read, or in which words may be read but not understood. [NIH] Dysphonia: Difficulty or pain in speaking; impairment of the voice. [NIH] Dysphoric: A feeling of unpleasantness and discomfort. [NIH] Dystonia: Disordered tonicity of muscle. [EU] Earache: Pain in the ear. [NIH] Eardrum: A thin, tense membrane forming the greater part of the outer wall of the tympanic cavity and separating it from the external auditory meatus; it constitutes the boundary between the external and middle ear. [NIH] Efferent: Nerve fibers which conduct impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Electrode: Component of the pacing system which is at the distal end of the lead. It is the interface with living cardiac tissue across which the stimulus is transmitted. [NIH] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU]

Dictionary 129

Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Emollient: Softening or soothing; called also malactic. [EU] Endolymphatic Duct: Duct connecting the endolymphatic sac with the membranous labyrinth. [NIH] Endolymphatic Sac: The blind pouch at the end of the endolymphatic duct. [NIH] Endoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Endoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on interior parts of the body. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Epidural: The space between the wall of the spinal canal and the covering of the spinal cord. An epidural injection is given into this space. [NIH] Epidural Space: Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal. [NIH] Equalization: The reduction of frequency and/or phase distortion, or modification of gain and or phase versus frequency characteristics of a transducer, by the use of attenuation circuits whose loss or delay is a function of frequency. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Eustachian tube: The middle ear cavity is in communication with the back of the nose through the Eustachian tube, which is normally closed, but opens on swallowing, in order to maintain equal air pressure. [NIH] Evoke: The electric response recorded from the cerebral cortex after stimulation of a peripheral sense organ. [NIH] Exostoses: Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component. [NIH] External-beam radiation: Radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. Also called external radiation. [NIH] Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extraction: The process or act of pulling or drawing out. [EU] Extremity: A limb; an arm or leg (membrum); sometimes applied specifically to a hand or foot. [EU] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Facial Expression: Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli. [NIH] Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root.

130

Acoustic Neuroma

Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear. [NIH] Facial Pain: Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as facial pain syndromes. [NIH] Facial Paralysis: Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. Facial nerve diseases generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. Neuromuscular junction diseases and muscular diseases may also cause facial paralysis or paresis. [NIH] Family Health: The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members. [NIH]

Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Family Relations: Behavioral, psychological, and social relations among various members of the nuclear family and the extended family. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fissure: Any cleft or groove, normal or otherwise; especially a deep fold in the cerebral cortex which involves the entire thickness of the brain wall. [EU] Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. [NIH] Fixation: 1. The act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. In psychiatry, a term with two related but distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage, which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. The use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. In chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. In ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. In film processing, the chemical removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver to form a permanent image. [EU] Fossa: A cavity, depression, or pit. [NIH] Fundus: The larger part of a hollow organ that is farthest away from the organ's opening.

Dictionary 131

The bladder, gallbladder, stomach, uterus, eye, and cavity of the middle ear all have a fundus. [NIH] Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gamma knife: Radiation therapy in which high-energy rays are aimed at a tumor from many angles in a single treatment session. [NIH] Gamma Rays: Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. [NIH] Ganglia: Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system. [NIH] Ganglion: 1. A knot, or knotlike mass. 2. A general term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system; occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, e.g. basal ganglia. 3. A benign cystic tumour occurring on a aponeurosis or tendon, as in the wrist or dorsum of the foot; it consists of a thin fibrous capsule enclosing a clear mucinous fluid. [EU] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrostomy: Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2: Tumor suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 22. Mutation or loss of these genes causes neurofibromatosis 2. [NIH] Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glossopharyngeal Nerve: The 9th cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve; it conveys somatic and autonomic efferents as well as general, special, and visceral afferents. Among the connections are motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, parasympathetic fibers to the parotid glands, general and taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue, the nasopharynx, and the palate, and afferents from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors of the carotid sinus. [NIH] Glucocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of health-

132

Acoustic Neuroma

related institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grade: The grade of a tumor depends on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Grading systems are different for each type of cancer. [NIH] Grading: A system for classifying cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they appear when examined under a microscope. The objective of a grading system is to provide information about the probable growth rate of the tumor and its tendency to spread. The systems used to grade tumors vary with each type of cancer. Grading plays a role in treatment decisions. [NIH]

Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Habitat: An area considered in terms of its environment, particularly as this determines the type and quality of the vegetation the area can carry. [NIH] Habitual: Of the nature of a habit; according to habit; established by or repeated by force of habit, customary. [EU] Haematoma: A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. [EU] Haemorrhage: The escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding. Small haemorrhages are classified according to size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 cm), and ecchymoses (larger). The massive accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a haematoma. [EU] Hair Cells: Mechanoreceptors located in the organ of Corti that are sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that are sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system. [NIH] Hammer: The largest of the three ossicles of the ear. [NIH] Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Headache Disorders: Common conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent headaches. Headache syndrome classification systems may be based on etiology (e.g., vascular headache, post-traumatic headaches, etc.), temporal pattern (e.g., cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, etc.), and precipitating factors (e.g., cough headache). [NIH] Health Status: The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures. [NIH] Hearing aid: A miniature, portable sound amplifier for persons with impaired hearing, consisting of a microphone, audio amplifier, earphone, and battery. [NIH] Hearing Disorders: Conditions that impair the transmission or perception of auditory impulses and information from the level of the ear to the temporal cortices, including the sensorineural pathways. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin

Dictionary 133

help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hydrocephalus: Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, intracranial hypertension; headache; lethargy; urinary incontinence; and ataxia (and in infants macrocephaly). This condition may be caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways due to neurologic abnormalities, intracranial hemorrhages; central nervous system infections; brain neoplasms; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. Impaired resorption of cerebrospinal fluid from the arachnoid villi results in a communicating form of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo refers to ventricular dilation that occurs as a result of brain substance loss from cerebral infarction and other conditions. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypoventilation: A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli. [NIH] Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Illusion: A false interpretation of a genuine percept. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Impaction: The trapping of an object in a body passage. Examples are stones in the bile duct or hardened stool in the colon. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Implant radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called [NIH] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Incisional: The removal of a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope. [NIH] Incontinence: Inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder (urinary incontinence) or the escape of stool from the rectum (fecal incontinence). [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local

134

Acoustic Neuroma

infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Inner ear: The labyrinth, comprising the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals. [NIH] Innervation: 1. The distribution or supply of nerves to a part. 2. The supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part. [EU] Insulator: Material covering the metal conductor of the lead. It is usually polyurethane or silicone. [NIH] Intensive Care: Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility. [NIH]

Internal radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called brachytherapy, implant radiation, or interstitial radiation therapy. [NIH] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intracranial Hemorrhages: Bleeding within the intracranial cavity, including hemorrhages in the brain and within the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. [NIH] Intracranial Hypertension: Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including hydrocephalus; brain edema; intracranial masses; severe systemic hypertension; pseudotumor cerebri; and other disorders. [NIH] Intracranial tumors: Tumors that occur in the brain. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Involuntary: Reaction occurring without intention or volition. [NIH] Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH] Ipsilateral: Having to do with the same side of the body. [NIH] Iris: The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium. [NIH] Ischemia: Deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel. [EU]

Dictionary 135

Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Labyrinth: The internal ear; the essential part of the organ of hearing. It consists of an osseous and a membranous portion. [NIH] Labyrinthitis: Inflammation of the inner ear. [NIH] Lacrimal: Pertaining to the tears. [EU] Language Disorders: Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders. [NIH] Laryngectomy: Total or partial excision of the larynx. [NIH] Larynx: An irregularly shaped, musculocartilaginous tubular structure, lined with mucous membrane, located at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is the essential sphincter guarding the entrance into the trachea and functioning secondarily as the organ of voice. [NIH] Latency: The period of apparent inactivity between the time when a stimulus is presented and the moment a response occurs. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Lethargy: Abnormal drowsiness or stupor; a condition of indifference. [EU] Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine. [NIH] Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile. [NIH] Light microscope: A microscope (device to magnify small objects) in which objects are lit directly by white light. [NIH] Linear accelerator: An accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated along a straight path either by means of a traveling electromagnetic field or through a series of small gaps between electrodes that are so connected to an alternating voltage supply of high frequency. [NIH]

Lip: Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth. [NIH] Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Local therapy: Treatment that affects cells in the tumor and the area close to it. [NIH] Localization: The process of determining or marking the location or site of a lesion or disease. May also refer to the process of keeping a lesion or disease in a specific location or site. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lumbar: Pertaining to the loins, the part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis. [EU] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. [NIH] Macula: A stain, spot, or thickening. Often used alone to refer to the macula retinae. [EU]

136

Acoustic Neuroma

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Malformation: A morphologic developmental process. [EU]

defect

resulting

from

an

intrinsically

abnormal

Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malnutrition: A condition caused by not eating enough food or not eating a balanced diet. [NIH]

Mastication: The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth. [NIH] Mastoiditis: Inflammation of the cavity and air cells in the mastoid part of the temporal bone. [NIH] Maxillary: Pertaining to the maxilla : the irregularly shaped bone that with its fellow forms the upper jaw. [EU] Maxillary Nerve: The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura. [NIH]

Meatus: A canal running from the internal auditory foramen through the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It gives passage to the facial and auditory nerves together with the auditory branch of the basilar artery and the internal auditory veins. [NIH] Medial: Lying near the midsaggital plane of the body; opposed to lateral. [NIH] Mediate: Indirect; accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges. When it affects the dura mater, the disease is termed pachymeningitis; when the arachnoid and pia mater are involved, it is called leptomeningitis, or meningitis proper. [EU] Menstrual Cycle: The period of the regularly recurring physiologic changes in the endometrium occurring during the reproductive period in human females and some primates and culminating in partial sloughing of the endometrium (menstruation). [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. [NIH] Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted. [NIH] Mental Processes: Conceptual functions or thinking in all its forms. [NIH] Mental Retardation: Refers to sub-average general intellectual functioning which originated during the developmental period and is associated with impairment in adaptive behavior. [NIH]

Mesoderm: The middle germ layer of the embryo. [NIH] Metabolic disorder: A condition in which normal metabolic processes are disrupted,

Dictionary 137

usually because of a missing enzyme. [NIH] Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. [NIH] Microsurgery: Surgical procedures on the cellular level; a light microscope and miniaturized instruments are used. [NIH] Migration: The systematic movement of genes between populations of the same species, geographic race, or variety. [NIH] Mineralocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids primarily associated with the regulation of water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ion transport in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by plasma volume, serum potassium, and angiotensin II. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Multiple sclerosis: A disorder of the central nervous system marked by weakness, numbness, a loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys myelin. Myelin is a substance that contains both protein and fat (lipid) and serves as a nerve insulator and helps in the transmission of nerve signals. [NIH] Muscular Diseases: Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. [NIH] Mutism: Inability or refusal to speak. [EU] Mycosis: Any disease caused by a fungus. [EU] Mycotic: Pertaining to a mycosis; caused by fungi. [EU] Myelin: The fatty substance that covers and protects nerves. [NIH] Neck Muscles: The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus). [NIH] Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neural: 1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. [EU] Neuralgia: Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral

138

Acoustic Neuroma

or cranial nerve. [NIH] Neurofibromatosis 2: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (genes, neurofibromatosis 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life. [NIH] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neuroma: A tumor that arises in nerve cells. [NIH] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Neuropathy: A problem in any part of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord. Neuropathies can be caused by infection, toxic substances, or disease. [NIH] Neurosurgeon: A doctor who specializes in surgery on the brain, spine, and other parts of the nervous system. [NIH] Neurosurgery: A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral and sympathetic nervous system. [NIH] Neurosyphilis: A late form of syphilis that affects the brain and may lead to dementia and death. [NIH] Neutrons: Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay. [NIH] Niche: The ultimate unit of the habitat, i. e. the specific spot occupied by an individual organism; by extension, the more or less specialized relationships existing between an organism, individual or synusia(e), and its environment. [NIH] Nonverbal Communication: Transmission of emotions, ideas, and attitudes between individuals in ways other than the spoken language. [NIH] Nosocomial: Pertaining to or originating in the hospital, said of an infection not present or incubating prior to admittance to the hospital, but generally occurring 72 hours after admittance; the term is usually used to refer to patient disease, but hospital personnel may also acquire nosocomial infection. [EU] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nuclear Family: A family composed of spouses and their children. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nursing Care: Care given to patients by nursing service personnel. [NIH] Nutritional Support: The administration of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient by means other than normal eating. It does not include fluid therapy which normalizes body fluids to restore water-electrolyte balance. [NIH] Nystagmus: An involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball, which may be

Dictionary 139

horizontal, vertical, rotatory, or mixed, i.e., of two varieties. [EU] Ocular: 1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting the eye. 2. Eyepiece. [EU] Ointments: Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons. [NIH] Oncology: The study of cancer. [NIH] Ophthalmic: Pertaining to the eye. [EU] Orofacial: Of or relating to the mouth and face. [EU] Ossicles: The hammer, anvil and stirrup, the small bones of the middle ear, which transmit the vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. [NIH] Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of bone caused by a pyogenic organism. It may remain localized or may spread through the bone to involve the marrow, cortex, cancellous tissue, and periosteum. [EU] Otitis: Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain, fever, abnormalities of hearing, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. [EU] Otitis Media: Inflammation of the middle ear. [NIH] Otolaryngologist: A doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Also called an ENT doctor. [NIH] Otolaryngology: A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. [NIH] Otolith: A complex calcareous concretion in the inner ear which controls man's sense of balance and reactions to acceleration. [NIH] Otology: The branch of medicine which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders and diseases of the ear. [NIH] Otosclerosis: The formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule. The ossicles can become fixed and unable to transmit sound vibrations, thereby causing deafness. [NIH] Outer ear: The pinna and external meatus of the ear. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Pacemaker: An object or substance that influences the rate at which a certain phenomenon occurs; often used alone to indicate the natural cardiac pacemaker or an artificial cardiac pacemaker. In biochemistry, a substance whose rate of reaction sets the pace for a series of interrelated reactions. [EU] Pachymeningitis: Inflammation of the dura mater of the brain, the spinal cord or the optic nerve. [NIH] Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Palsy: Disease of the peripheral nervous system occurring usually after many years of increased lead absorption. [NIH] Paraesthesia: Morbid or perverted sensation; an abnormal sensation, as burning, prickling, formication, etc. [EU] Paralysis: Loss of ability to move all or part of the body. [NIH] Paraparesis: Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of spinal cord diseases; peripheral nervous system diseases; muscular

140

Acoustic Neuroma

diseases; intracranial hypertension; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions. [NIH] Paresis: A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for paralysis (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis. "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as paraparesis. [NIH] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Paroxysmal: Recurring in paroxysms (= spasms or seizures). [EU] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pathologies: The study of abnormality, especially the study of diseases. [NIH] Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] Patient Advocacy: Promotion and protection of the rights of patients, frequently through a legal process. [NIH] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols. [NIH] Perception: The ability quickly and accurately to recognize similarities and differences among presented objects, whether these be pairs of words, pairs of number series, or multiple sets of these or other symbols such as geometric figures. [NIH] Percutaneous: Performed through the skin, as injection of radiopacque material in radiological examination, or the removal of tissue for biopsy accomplished by a needle. [EU] Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] Perilymph: The fluid contained within the space separating the membranous from the osseous labyrinth of the ear. [NIH] Perioperative: Around the time of surgery; usually lasts from the time of going into the hospital or doctor's office for surgery until the time the patient goes home. [NIH] Peripheral Nervous System: The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. [NIH] Petechiae: Pinpoint, unraised, round red spots under the skin caused by bleeding. [NIH] PH: The symbol relating the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration or activity of a solution to that of a given standard solution. Numerically the pH is approximately equal to the negative logarithm of H+ concentration expressed in molarity. pH 7 is neutral; above it alkalinity increases and below it acidity increases. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs

Dictionary 141

of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH] Pitch: The subjective awareness of the frequency or spectral distribution of a sound. [NIH] Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Plant Oils: Oils derived from plants or plant products. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasticity: In an individual or a population, the capacity for adaptation: a) through gene changes (genetic plasticity) or b) through internal physiological modifications in response to changes of environment (physiological plasticity). [NIH] Pneumocephalus: Presence of air or gas within the intracranial cavity (e.g., epidural space, subdural space, intracerebral, etc.) which may result from traumatic injuries, fistulous tract formation, erosions of the skull from neoplasms or infection, neurosurgical procedures, and other conditions. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Polysaccharide: A type of carbohydrate. It contains sugar molecules that are linked together chemically. [NIH] Pons: The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the mesencephalon, ventral to the cerebellum, and consisting of a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis. [NIH] Pontine: A brain region involved in the detection and processing of taste. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Postoperative Period: The period following a surgical operation. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Preoperative: Preceding an operation. [EU] Presbycusis: Progressive bilateral loss of hearing that occurs in the aged. Syn: senile deafness. [NIH] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases

142

Acoustic Neuroma

in the population at a given time. [NIH] Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Proprioception: The mechanism involved in the self-regulation of posture and movement through stimuli originating in the receptors imbedded in the joints, tendons, muscles, and labyrinth. [NIH] Protective Devices: Devices designed to provide personal protection against injury to individuals exposed to hazards in industry, sports, aviation, or daily activities. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Protons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion. [NIH] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Psychiatric: Pertaining to or within the purview of psychiatry. [EU] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Psychology: The science dealing with the study of mental processes and behavior in man and animals. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Alveoli: Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place. [NIH] Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right

Dictionary 143

ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Edema: An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in the lungs, may be caused by acute exposure to dangerous concentrations of irritant gasses. [NIH] Pulse: The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an artery produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. [NIH]

Pupil: The aperture in the iris through which light passes. [NIH] Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Pyogenic: Producing pus; pyopoietic (= liquid inflammation product made up of cells and a thin fluid called liquor puris). [EU] Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body in the area near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radioimmunotherapy: Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (immunotoxins) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (radiotherapy). [NIH] Radiolabeled: Any compound that has been joined with a radioactive substance. [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation to treat malignant neoplasms and other benign conditions. The most common forms of ionizing radiation used as therapy are x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons. A special form of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, links a cytotoxic radionuclide to a molecule that targets the tumor. When this molecule is an antibody or other immunologic molecule, the technique is called radioimmunotherapy. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Reactivation: The restoration of activity to something that has been inactivated. [EU] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH]

144

Acoustic Neuroma

Red Nucleus: A pinkish-yellow portion of the midbrain situated in the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. It receives a large projection from the contralateral half of the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle and a projection from the ipsilateral motor cortex. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Reflex: An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord. [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Rehabilitative: Instruction of incapacitated individuals or of those affected with some mental disorder, so that some or all of their lost ability may be regained. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Resorption: The loss of substance through physiologic or pathologic means, such as loss of dentin and cementum of a tooth, or of the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla. [EU] Respiration: The act of breathing with the lungs, consisting of inspiration, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of expiration, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= oxygen consumption) or cell respiration (= cell respiration). [NIH] Retinae: A congenital notch or cleft of the retina, usually located inferiorly. [NIH] Retrocochlear: Hearing loss in which the air conduction threshold and the bone conduction threshold have risen almost equally with no gap between them. In such cases the defect is usually either in the cochlea of the inner ear or in the central pathways. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Rods: One type of specialized light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) in the retina that provide side vision and the ability to see objects in dim light (night vision). [NIH] Round Window: Fenestra of the cochlea; an opening in the medial wall of the middle ear leading into the cochlea. [NIH] Saccades: An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading. [NIH] Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin. [NIH] Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Salivation: 1. The secretion of saliva. 2. Ptyalism (= excessive flow of saliva). [EU] Schwannoma: A tumor of the peripheral nervous system that begins in the nerve sheath (protective covering). It is almost always benign, but rare malignant schwannomas have been reported. [NIH] Sclerosis: A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH]

Dictionary 145

Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Seizures: Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or "seizure disorder." [NIH] Self-Help Groups: Organizations which provide an environment encouraging social interactions through group activities or individual relationships especially for the purpose of rehabilitating or supporting patients, individuals with common health problems, or the elderly. They include therapeutic social clubs. [NIH] Semicircular canal: Three long canals of the bony labyrinth of the ear, forming loops and opening into the vestibule by five openings. [NIH] Senile: Relating or belonging to old age; characteristic of old age; resulting from infirmity of old age. [NIH] Septic: Produced by or due to decomposition by microorganisms; putrefactive. [EU] Serous: Having to do with serum, the clear liquid part of blood. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Sigmoid: 1. Shaped like the letter S or the letter C. 2. The sigmoid colon. [EU] Sigmoid Colon: The lower part of the colon that empties into the rectum. [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Skull: The skeleton of the head including the bones of the face and the bones enclosing the brain. [NIH] Skull Base: The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface. [NIH] Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. [NIH] Social Work: The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies. [NIH] Sodium: An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH]

146

Acoustic Neuroma

Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Spasm: An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. [NIH] Spasmodic: Of the nature of a spasm. [EU] Spatial disorientation: Loss of orientation in space where person does not know which way is up. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spiral Ganglion: The sensory ganglion of the cochlear nerve. The cells of the spiral ganglion send fibers peripherally to the cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei of the brain stem. [NIH] Squamous: Scaly, or platelike. [EU] Squamous Epithelium: Tissue in an organ such as the esophagus. Consists of layers of flat, scaly cells. [NIH] Stabilization: The creation of a stable state. [EU] Stapedius: The stapedius muscle arises from the wall of the middle ear and is inserted into the neck of the stapes. Its action is to pull the head of the stapes backward. [NIH] Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of a duct or canal. [EU] Stereotactic: Radiotherapy that treats brain tumors by using a special frame affixed directly to the patient's cranium. By aiming the X-ray source with respect to the rigid frame, technicians can position the beam extremely precisely during each treatment. [NIH] Stereotactic radiosurgery: A radiation therapy technique involving a rigid head frame that is attached to the skull; high-dose radiation is administered through openings in the head frame to the tumor while decreasing the amount of radiation given to normal brain tissue. This procedure does not involve surgery. Also called stereotaxic radiosurgery and stereotactic radiation therapy. [NIH] Sterile: Unable to produce children. [NIH] Steroids: Drugs used to relieve swelling and inflammation. [NIH] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stool: The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement; feces. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stricture: The abnormal narrowing of a body opening. Also called stenosis. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subarachnoid: Situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other

Dictionary 147

disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Substrate: A substance upon which an enzyme acts. [EU] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Supratentorial: Located in the upper part of the brain. [NIH] Sweat: The fluid excreted by the sweat glands. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products. [NIH] Sweat Glands: Sweat-producing structures that are embedded in the dermis. Each gland consists of a single tube, a coiled body, and a superficial duct. [NIH] Sympathetic Nervous System: The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of uranium. The stablest isotope has a mass number 99 and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. [NIH] Temporal: One of the two irregular bones forming part of the lateral surfaces and base of the skull, and containing the organs of hearing. [NIH] Thalamic: Cell that reaches the lateral nucleus of amygdala. [NIH] Thalamic Diseases: Disorders of the centrally located thalamus, which integrates a wide range of cortical and subcortical information. Manifestations include sensory loss, movement disorders; ataxia, pain syndromes, visual disorders, a variety of neuropsychological conditions, and coma. Relatively common etiologies include cerebrovascular disorders; craniocerebral trauma; brain neoplasms; brain hypoxia; intracranial hemorrhages; and infectious processes. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Tinnitus: Sounds that are perceived in the absence of any external noise source which may take the form of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; and

148

Acoustic Neuroma

other conditions. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Tone: 1. The normal degree of vigour and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus. 2. A particular quality of sound or of voice. 3. To make permanent, or to change, the colour of silver stain by chemical treatment, usually with a heavy metal. [EU] Tonicity: The normal state of muscular tension. [NIH] Tonus: A state of slight tension usually present in muscles even when they are not undergoing active contraction. [NIH] Tooth Preparation: Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures. [NIH] Torticollis: Wryneck; a contracted state of the cervical muscles, producing twisting of the neck and an unnatural position of the head. [EU] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxin: A poison; frequently used to refer specifically to a protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals, and pathogenic bacteria, which is highly toxic for other living organisms. Such substances are differentiated from the simple chemical poisons and the vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicity. [EU] Traction: The act of pulling. [NIH] Transcutaneous: Transdermal. [EU] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfusion: The infusion of components of blood or whole blood into the bloodstream. The blood may be donated from another person, or it may have been taken from the person earlier and stored until needed. [NIH] Transient Ischemic Attacks: Focal neurologic abnormalities of sudden onset and brief duration that reflect dysfunction in the distribution of the internal carotid-middle cerebral or the vertebrobasilar arterial system. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Trigeminal: Cranial nerve V. It is sensory for the eyeball, the conjunctiva, the eyebrow, the skin of face and scalp, the teeth, the mucous membranes in the mouth and nose, and is motor to the muscles of mastication. [NIH] Trigeminal Nerve: The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate

Dictionary 149

from cells of the trigeminal ganglion and project to the trigeminal nucleus of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication. [NIH] Tumor suppressor gene: Genes in the body that can suppress or block the development of cancer. [NIH] Tumour: 1. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations; morbid enlargement. 2. A new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive; called also neoplasm. [EU] Tympanic membrane: A thin, tense membrane forming the greater part of the outer wall of the tympanic cavity and separating it from the external auditory meatus; it constitutes the boundary between the external and middle ear. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. [NIH] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Ventral: 1. Pertaining to the belly or to any venter. 2. Denoting a position more toward the belly surface than some other object of reference; same as anterior in human anatomy. [EU] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Vertigo: An illusion of movement; a sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient (objective vertigo) or as if he himself were revolving in space (subjective vertigo). The term is sometimes erroneously used to mean any form of dizziness. [EU] Vestibular: Pertaining to or toward a vestibule. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the tooth surface directed toward the vestibule of the mouth. [EU] Vestibular Aqueduct: A small bony canal linking the vestibule of the inner ear to the posterior part of the internal surface of the petrous temporal bone. It surrounds the endolymphatic duct. [NIH] Vestibular Nerve: The vestibular part of the 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve). The vestibular nerve fibers arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project peripherally to vestibular hair cells and centrally to the vestibular nuclei of the brain stem. These fibers mediate the sense of balance and head position. [NIH] Vestibular Neuronitis: That due to a lesion in the labyrinth or vestibule. [NIH] Vestibule: A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle

150

Acoustic Neuroma

and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. [NIH] Vestibulocochlear Nerve: The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (cochlear nerve) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (vestibular nerve) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the spiral ganglion and project to the cochlear nuclei (cochlear nucleus). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the vestibular nuclei. [NIH] Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the vestibular and/or cochlear (acoustic) nerves, which join to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. Vestibular neuritis, cochlear neuritis, and acoustic neuromas are relatively common conditions that affect these nerves. Clinical manifestations vary with which nerve is primarily affected, and include hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villi: The tiny, fingerlike projections on the surface of the small intestine. Villi help absorb nutrients. [NIH] Viral: Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus. [EU] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Visceral: , from viscus a viscus) pertaining to a viscus. [EU] Voice Disorders: Disorders of voice pitch, loudness, or quality. Dysphonia refers to impaired utterance of sounds by the vocal folds. [NIH] Wound Infection: Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH]

151

INDEX A Abscess, 20, 119 Action Potentials, 21, 30, 61, 119 Acuity, 119, 121 Adaptation, 86, 119, 141 Adjustment, 119 Adrenal Cortex, 119, 127, 142 Adverse Effect, 119, 145 Afferent, 28, 119, 127, 130 Affinity, 119, 145 Alexia, 119, 128 Algorithms, 119, 122 Alpha Particles, 119, 143 Alternative medicine, 84, 119 Amplification, 76, 120 Ampulla, 120, 129 Anal, 32, 120, 130 Anastomosis, 18, 26, 31, 41, 120 Anatomical, 120, 121, 124, 133, 144 Androgens, 119, 120, 127 Anesthesia, 28, 61, 120, 142 Aneurysm, 21, 120 Anomalies, 80, 120 Antiallergic, 120, 127 Antibiotic, 48, 120 Antibiotic Prophylaxis, 48, 120 Antibody, 119, 120, 125, 133, 137, 143 Antigen, 29, 119, 120, 125, 133 Anti-inflammatory, 120, 127, 131 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 120, 127 Antineoplastic, 120, 127 Anus, 120, 121, 125, 134 Anxiety, 86, 120 Aorta, 120, 149 Aphasia, 80, 120 Arterial, 121, 124, 131, 133, 142, 148 Arteries, 120, 121, 122, 127 Artery, 21, 120, 121, 124, 136, 140, 143 Aseptic, 6, 104, 121 Asymptomatic, 7, 121 Ataxia, 80, 121, 133, 147 Atresia, 77, 121 Atrium, 121, 149 Atrophy, 75, 121 Attenuation, 59, 121, 129 Audiologist, 74, 121 Audiology, 16, 17, 59, 76, 100, 117, 121 Audiometry, 6, 13, 19, 34, 44, 50, 63, 121

Audiovisual Aids, 106, 121 Auditory Cortex, 121, 125 Auditory nerve, 76, 78, 79, 104, 121, 136 Aural, 59, 121 Autoimmune disease, 121, 137 B Bacteria, 120, 121, 137, 148, 149 Bacterial Infections, 77, 121, 123 Bacterial Physiology, 119, 121 Barotrauma, 78, 121 Basal Ganglia, 121, 122, 131 Basal Ganglia Diseases, 121 Base, 122, 123, 135, 147 Benign tumor, 9, 88, 104, 105, 106, 107, 122 Bilateral, 4, 5, 8, 15, 122, 138, 139, 140, 141 Bile, 122, 131, 133 Bile duct, 122, 133 Binaural, 47, 122 Biopsy, 122, 140 Biotechnology, 11, 12, 84, 95, 122 Bladder, 122, 131, 133, 137 Blood pressure, 122, 131, 133, 137, 145 Blood vessel, 122, 124, 132, 134, 140, 146, 147, 149 Body Fluids, 122, 128, 138, 145 Bowel, 120, 122, 146 Brachytherapy, 122, 134, 143 Brain Neoplasms, 122, 133, 147 Brain Stem, 63, 76, 122, 123, 125, 146, 149 Bulbar, 32, 123 Bupivacaine, 123, 135 C Carbohydrate, 123, 127, 131, 141 Cardiac, 5, 123, 128, 135, 139 Case report, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 25, 29, 32, 33, 123, 124 Case series, 123, 124 Catheter, 10, 123 Caudal, 123, 141 Cell, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 129, 131, 134, 137, 139, 141, 143, 144, 147 Central Nervous System, 76, 78, 122, 123, 124, 128, 131, 132, 133, 137, 141 Central Nervous System Infections, 123, 132, 133 Cerebellar, 6, 21, 121, 123, 125, 144 Cerebellopontine, 9, 51, 107, 123 Cerebellopontine Angle, 9, 51, 107, 123

152

Acoustic neuroma

Cerebellum, 122, 123, 141, 144 Cerebral, 17, 75, 121, 122, 123, 124, 129, 130, 133, 145, 148 Cerebral Cortex, 121, 123, 129, 130 Cerebral hemispheres, 121, 122, 123, 124 Cerebral Infarction, 123, 133 Cerebrospinal, 6, 17, 24, 52, 89, 115, 124, 133 Cerebrospinal fluid, 6, 17, 24, 52, 89, 115, 124, 133 Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure, 89, 124 Cerebrum, 123, 124 Cerumen, 77, 124 Cervical, 124, 148 Cesarean Section, 12, 124 Character, 76, 124, 127 Chemotherapy, 5, 124 Chin, 44, 124, 136 Cholesteatoma, 51, 74, 75, 77, 78, 124 Chromosomal, 120, 124 Chromosome, 35, 124, 131, 138 Chronic, 5, 17, 70, 78, 80, 124, 126, 134, 146 Cleft Lip, 80, 124 Cleft Palate, 80, 124 Clinical Medicine, 32, 124 Clinical study, 27, 38, 124 Clinical trial, 10, 95, 124, 140, 142, 143 Cloning, 122, 125 Cochlea, 34, 125, 134, 144 Cochlear, 4, 5, 7, 10, 18, 21, 23, 30, 44, 52, 61, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 125, 146, 147, 150 Cochlear Diseases, 125, 147 Cochlear Implantation, 4, 125 Cochlear Implants, 75, 78, 80, 125 Cochlear Nerve, 21, 23, 30, 52, 61, 79, 125, 146, 150 Cochlear Nucleus, 78, 125, 150 Cofactor, 125, 142 Colon, 125, 133, 145 Communication Disorders, 74, 80, 94, 100, 101, 104, 105, 125 Complement, 125, 126 Complementary and alternative medicine, 59, 65, 126 Complementary medicine, 59, 126 Computational Biology, 95, 126 Computed tomography, 9, 126 Computerized axial tomography, 126 Computerized tomography, 126 Concretion, 126, 139 Conduction, 121, 126, 144 Conjunctiva, 126, 148

Constriction, 126, 134 Contraindications, ii, 126 Contralateral, 6, 11, 16, 17, 22, 36, 42, 61, 62, 63, 126, 144 Coordination, 123, 126, 137 Cornea, 88, 126 Coronary, 14, 127 Corpus, 127, 142 Corpus Luteum, 127, 142 Cortex, 127, 139, 144 Corticosteroid, 46, 127 Cranial Nerves, 5, 6, 103, 107, 127 Craniocerebral Trauma, 122, 127, 132, 133, 147 Craniotomy, 56, 70, 89, 127 Criterion, 8, 76, 127 Cryosurgery, 74, 127 Curative, 127, 147 Cytotoxic, 127, 143 D Decompression, 8, 74, 127 Decompression Sickness, 127 Degenerative, 76, 127 Dental Care, 102, 127 Depressive Disorder, 85, 128 Diagnostic procedure, 69, 84, 128 Dilation, 128, 133 Direct, iii, 21, 23, 61, 124, 128, 144 Discrimination, 13, 21, 128 Dissection, 7, 24, 128 Distal, 21, 45, 128, 142 Dizziness, 9, 75, 80, 89, 100, 103, 104, 105, 116, 128, 149 Dorsal, 125, 128, 141 Drug Interactions, 128 Duct, 120, 128, 129, 144, 146, 147 Duodenum, 122, 128, 129, 146 Dura mater, 128, 129, 136, 139 Dyslexia, 80, 128 Dysphonia, 80, 128, 150 Dysphoric, 128 Dystonia, 80, 128 E Earache, 78, 128 Eardrum, 77, 128 Efferent, 127, 128, 130 Efficacy, 70, 128 Elective, 80, 128 Electrode, 33, 37, 78, 128 Electrolyte, 127, 128, 137, 138, 145 Electrons, 122, 129, 134, 143 Emollient, 129, 139

153

Endolymphatic Duct, 129, 149 Endolymphatic Sac, 74, 129 Endoscope, 129 Endoscopic, 24, 37, 129 Endoscopy, 24, 52, 129 Environmental Health, 94, 96, 129 Enzyme, 129, 137, 147 Epidural, 129, 134, 141 Epidural Space, 129, 141 Equalization, 74, 129 Esophagus, 121, 129, 146 Estrogen, 24, 41, 129 Eustachian tube, 77, 78, 79, 121, 129 Evoke, 129, 146 Exostoses, 78, 129 External-beam radiation, 129, 143 Extracellular, 129, 145 Extraction, 70, 124, 129 Extremity, 129, 139, 140 F Facial Expression, 129, 130 Facial Nerve, 4, 7, 8, 9, 18, 20, 22, 23, 31, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 88, 105, 129, 140 Facial Pain, 6, 11, 70, 104, 130 Facial Paralysis, 6, 19, 32, 78, 87, 103, 130 Family Health, 77, 130 Family Planning, 95, 130 Family Relations, 74, 130 Fat, 127, 130, 131, 135, 137 Fatigue, 102, 130 Fetus, 124, 130, 141, 149 Fissure, 124, 130 Fistula, 52, 74, 77, 130 Fixation, 130, 144 Fossa, 6, 8, 17, 21, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 47, 61, 103, 123, 130 Fundus, 21, 34, 130 G Gadolinium, 4, 5, 28, 38, 39, 131 Gallbladder, 131 Gamma knife, 5, 28, 32, 49, 103, 131 Gamma Rays, 131, 143 Ganglia, 121, 131, 137, 140, 147 Ganglion, 131, 146, 149, 150 Gas, 28, 127, 131, 133, 141, 142 Gastrointestinal, 131 Gastrostomy, 37, 131 Gene, 122, 131, 138, 141 Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2, 131, 138 Genetics, 4, 5, 131 Gland, 70, 119, 131, 140, 141, 145, 146, 147

Glossopharyngeal Nerve, 130, 131 Glucocorticoids, 119, 127, 131 Governing Board, 131, 141 Grade, 132 Grading, 105, 132 Grafting, 132, 133 H Habitat, 132, 138 Habitual, 124, 132 Haematoma, 41, 132 Haemorrhage, 56, 132 Hair Cells, 125, 132, 146, 149 Hammer, 132, 139 Headache, 9, 15, 20, 29, 32, 43, 56, 61, 70, 89, 102, 103, 104, 116, 132, 133 Headache Disorders, 132 Health Status, 130, 132 Hearing aid, 9, 75, 132 Hearing Disorders, 100, 125, 132 Hemorrhage, 6, 51, 127, 132, 143, 146 Heredity, 131, 132 Hormonal, 121, 127, 132 Hormone, 127, 132, 142 Hydrocephalus, 25, 28, 116, 133, 134 Hydrogen, 122, 123, 133, 137, 138, 140, 142 Hypertension, 133, 134 Hypertrophy, 129, 133 Hypoventilation, 47, 133 Hysterotomy, 124, 133 I Idiopathic, 70, 133 Illusion, 133, 149 Immune response, 120, 121, 127, 133, 150 Immunologic, 133, 143 Impaction, 77, 78, 133 Impairment, 29, 37, 63, 74, 77, 80, 103, 121, 128, 133, 136 Implant radiation, 133, 134, 143 Implantation, 4, 18, 133 Incision, 133, 134 Incisional, 70, 133 Incontinence, 133 Infection, 37, 77, 78, 103, 121, 133, 135, 138, 141, 146 Inflammation, 38, 75, 120, 134, 135, 136, 139, 141, 143, 146 Infusion, 134, 148 Inner ear, 10, 16, 31, 73, 75, 77, 78, 80, 104, 125, 134, 135, 139, 144, 149 Innervation, 130, 134 Insulator, 134, 137 Intensive Care, 87, 134

154

Acoustic neuroma

Internal radiation, 134, 143 Intestines, 121, 131, 134 Intracellular, 133, 134 Intracranial Hemorrhages, 133, 134, 147 Intracranial Hypertension, 132, 133, 134, 140, 147 Intracranial tumors, 7, 9, 134, 138 Intravenous, 79, 134 Intrinsic, 70, 119, 134 Invasive, 85, 134, 136 Involuntary, 122, 134, 138, 144, 146 Ionizing, 119, 134, 143 Ipsilateral, 16, 51, 63, 134, 144 Iris, 126, 134, 143 Ischemia, 34, 121, 134 K Kb, 94, 135 L Labyrinth, 75, 125, 129, 134, 135, 139, 140, 142, 145, 149 Labyrinthitis, 77, 135 Lacrimal, 130, 135 Language Disorders, 125, 135 Laryngectomy, 80, 135 Larynx, 29, 52, 135 Latency, 62, 135 Lesion, 21, 75, 135, 149 Lethargy, 133, 135 Lidocaine, 79, 135 Ligaments, 127, 135 Light microscope, 135, 137 Linear accelerator, 5, 49, 103, 135 Lip, 5, 6, 124, 135, 136 Lipid, 135, 137 Local therapy, 89, 135 Localization, 76, 135 Localized, 119, 130, 132, 133, 135, 139, 141, 149 Lumbar, 124, 135 Lymphatic, 134, 135 Lymphocytes, 120, 131, 135 M Macula, 51, 135 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 20, 27, 28, 43, 44, 50, 51, 136 Malformation, 29, 136 Malignant, 13, 78, 102, 120, 122, 136, 137, 143, 144 Malnutrition, 121, 136 Mastication, 136, 148, 149 Mastoiditis, 77, 78, 136 Maxillary, 124, 136, 148

Maxillary Nerve, 136, 148 Meatus, 128, 136, 139, 149 Medial, 124, 125, 136, 144 Mediate, 125, 136, 149 MEDLINE, 95, 136 Membrane, 126, 128, 135, 136, 149 Meninges, 123, 124, 127, 128, 136 Meningitis, 4, 6, 37, 48, 89, 104, 136 Menstrual Cycle, 136, 142 Mental, iv, 10, 80, 87, 89, 94, 96, 123, 124, 125, 130, 136, 142, 144 Mental Disorders, 136, 142 Mental Health, iv, 10, 80, 94, 96, 136 Mental Processes, 136, 142 Mental Retardation, 80, 125, 136 Mesoderm, 124, 136 Metabolic disorder, 70, 136 Microbiology, 119, 137 Microsurgery, 19, 42, 46, 49, 51, 137 Migration, 124, 137 Mineralocorticoids, 119, 127, 137 Modification, 129, 137, 143 Molecular, 9, 37, 95, 97, 122, 126, 137, 148 Molecule, 120, 122, 125, 137, 143 Monitor, 10, 137, 138 Monoclonal, 137, 143 Multiple sclerosis, 75, 78, 137 Muscular Diseases, 130, 137, 140 Mutism, 80, 137 Mycosis, 137 Mycotic, 21, 137 Myelin, 137 N Neck Muscles, 89, 104, 137 Neoplasia, 78, 137 Neoplasm, 76, 137, 149 Nervous System, 103, 119, 123, 132, 137, 138, 140, 147 Neural, 60, 119, 137 Neuralgia, 6, 9, 51, 70, 137 Neurofibromatosis 2, 4, 5, 9, 131, 138 Neurologic, 70, 133, 138, 148 Neuroma, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 115, 138 Neurons, 125, 131, 138, 147, 149, 150

155

Neuropathy, 7, 77, 138 Neurosurgeon, 6, 138 Neurosyphilis, 138, 140 Neutrons, 119, 138, 143 Niche, 10, 138 Nonverbal Communication, 125, 138 Nosocomial, 37, 138 Nuclear, 29, 121, 129, 130, 131, 138, 149 Nuclear Family, 130, 138 Nuclei, 119, 125, 129, 130, 136, 138, 142, 146, 149, 150 Nucleus, 78, 122, 125, 131, 135, 138, 142, 147, 149 Nursing Care, 4, 138 Nutritional Support, 131, 138 Nystagmus, 74, 138 O Ocular, 34, 41, 70, 102, 139, 144 Ointments, 102, 139 Oncology, 9, 16, 22, 27, 40, 49, 51, 139 Ophthalmic, 139, 148 Orofacial, 9, 41, 130, 139 Ossicles, 77, 132, 139 Osteomyelitis, 78, 139 Otitis, 17, 77, 78, 139 Otitis Media, 17, 77, 78, 139 Otolaryngologist, 79, 139 Otolith, 11, 42, 139 Otosclerosis, 16, 18, 42, 74, 77, 78, 139 Outer ear, 77, 139 Ovum, 127, 139, 142 P Pacemaker, 6, 139 Pachymeningitis, 136, 139 Palate, 124, 131, 139 Palliative, 139, 147 Palsy, 19, 21, 26, 31, 32, 53, 139 Paraesthesia, 41, 139 Paralysis, 5, 23, 35, 88, 102, 105, 116, 123, 130, 139, 140 Paraparesis, 139, 140 Paresis, 9, 14, 130, 140 Parotid, 70, 131, 140 Paroxysmal, 74, 132, 140 Pathologic, 122, 127, 140, 144 Pathologies, 77, 140 Pathophysiology, 11, 63, 140 Patient Advocacy, 107, 140 Patient Education, 86, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110, 112, 118, 140 Patient Selection, 30, 88, 140 Perception, 86, 132, 140

Percutaneous, 37, 140 Perfusion, 20, 140 Perilymph, 74, 77, 140 Perioperative, 6, 43, 140 Peripheral Nervous System, 139, 140, 144 Petechiae, 132, 140 PH, 30, 42, 49, 140 Pharmacologic, 79, 120, 140, 148 Physical Examination, 79, 140 Physiology, 11, 77, 87, 141 Pilot study, 48, 141 Pitch, 76, 141, 150 Pituitary Gland, 127, 141 Placenta, 141, 142 Plant Oils, 139, 141 Plants, 141, 148 Plasticity, 28, 141 Pneumocephalus, 6, 43, 141 Pneumonia, 126, 141 Polysaccharide, 120, 141 Pons, 20, 123, 130, 141 Pontine, 16, 141 Posterior, 6, 24, 74, 120, 121, 123, 128, 131, 134, 137, 139, 141, 149 Postoperative, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 23, 28, 43, 44, 60, 62, 88, 102, 103, 104, 141 Postoperative Period, 88, 141 Practice Guidelines, 96, 141 Preoperative, 6, 29, 43, 44, 45, 63, 87, 104, 141 Presbycusis, 74, 77, 78, 141 Prevalence, 44, 79, 88, 104, 141 Procaine, 135, 142 Progesterone, 24, 41, 142 Progression, 6, 142 Progressive, 77, 141, 142, 149 Proprioception, 87, 142 Protective Devices, 102, 142 Protein S, 122, 142 Proteins, 120, 125, 137, 142, 145 Protocol, 38, 142 Protons, 119, 133, 134, 142, 143 Proximal, 45, 128, 142 Psychiatric, 85, 125, 136, 142 Psychiatry, 19, 20, 27, 33, 79, 130, 142 Psychic, 136, 142, 145 Psychology, 79, 142 Public Policy, 95, 142 Publishing, 9, 11, 75, 76, 77, 80, 106, 142 Pulmonary, 5, 14, 122, 133, 142, 143, 149 Pulmonary Alveoli, 133, 142 Pulmonary Artery, 122, 142, 149

156

Acoustic neuroma

Pulmonary Edema, 14, 143 Pulse, 10, 137, 143 Pupil, 126, 128, 143 Purpura, 132, 143 Pyogenic, 139, 143 Q Quality of Life, 8, 14, 24, 43, 48, 89, 143 R Radiation, 5, 7, 14, 16, 27, 40, 49, 51, 60, 70, 85, 87, 103, 129, 131, 134, 143, 146, 150 Radiation therapy, 5, 7, 27, 70, 87, 103, 129, 131, 134, 143, 146 Radioactive, 133, 134, 138, 143, 147, 149 Radioimmunotherapy, 143 Radiolabeled, 143 Radiological, 6, 38, 100, 140, 143 Radiology, 22, 37, 38, 39, 100, 143 Radiotherapy, 5, 22, 27, 40, 63, 118, 122, 143, 146 Randomized, 128, 143 Reactivation, 19, 143 Receptor, 119, 120, 143 Recurrence, 16, 46, 47, 143 Red Nucleus, 121, 144 Refer, 1, 125, 128, 130, 135, 138, 143, 144, 148, 149 Reflex, 34, 45, 59, 144 Regimen, 128, 144 Rehabilitative, 86, 144 Remission, 143, 144 Resection, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 31, 35, 37, 41, 44, 46, 48, 50, 61, 70, 84, 144 Resorption, 133, 144 Respiration, 137, 144 Retinae, 135, 144 Retrocochlear, 61, 144 Retrospective, 7, 8, 144 Rods, 131, 144 Round Window, 10, 144 S Saccades, 43, 144 Saliva, 144 Salivary, 130, 144 Salivary glands, 130, 144 Salivation, 102, 144 Schwannoma, 8, 11, 18, 25, 32, 48, 51, 53, 56, 61, 62, 63, 78, 88, 89, 101, 104, 105, 144 Sclerosis, 137, 144 Screening, 5, 18, 19, 27, 37, 38, 48, 51, 124, 144

Secretion, 127, 131, 137, 144, 145 Seizures, 140, 145 Self-Help Groups, 80, 145 Semicircular canal, 134, 145 Senile, 141, 145 Septic, 121, 145 Serous, 78, 145 Serum, 125, 137, 145 Shock, 145, 148 Side effect, 119, 145, 148 Sigmoid, 78, 145 Sigmoid Colon, 145 Skeleton, 145 Skull, 70, 78, 89, 103, 124, 127, 141, 145, 146, 147 Skull Base, 70, 78, 145 Social Environment, 143, 145 Social Work, 80, 145 Sodium, 56, 137, 145, 147 Somatic, 127, 131, 140, 146 Spasm, 146 Spasmodic, 70, 80, 146 Spatial disorientation, 128, 146 Specialist, 107, 128, 146 Sperm, 120, 124, 146 Spinal cord, 123, 124, 128, 129, 131, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 144, 146, 147 Spiral Ganglion, 125, 146, 150 Squamous, 124, 146 Squamous Epithelium, 124, 146 Stabilization, 87, 146 Stapedius, 59, 146 Stenosis, 77, 146 Stereotactic, 5, 7, 14, 18, 27, 28, 40, 42, 49, 51, 56, 63, 85, 103, 146 Stereotactic radiosurgery, 18, 42, 49, 51, 56, 63, 85, 146 Sterile, 121, 146 Steroids, 127, 146 Stimulus, 52, 64, 121, 128, 134, 135, 144, 146, 147 Stomach, 121, 129, 131, 133, 134, 146 Stool, 125, 133, 146 Stress, 6, 8, 75, 86, 87, 89, 104, 146 Stricture, 146 Stroke, 75, 94, 146 Subacute, 134, 146 Subarachnoid, 132, 134, 146 Subclinical, 133, 145, 146 Substrate, 78, 147 Support group, 75, 79, 80, 106, 107, 147 Suppression, 54, 79, 127, 147

157

Supratentorial, 6, 147 Sweat, 124, 147 Sweat Glands, 124, 147 Sympathetic Nervous System, 138, 147 Symptomatic, 86, 147 Systemic, 120, 122, 134, 143, 147 T Technetium, 20, 147 Temporal, 11, 15, 70, 121, 132, 136, 147, 149 Thalamic, 121, 147 Thalamic Diseases, 121, 147 Therapeutics, 147 Threshold, 17, 133, 144, 147 Thrombosis, 78, 142, 146, 147 Tomography, 22, 100, 148 Tone, 13, 44, 52, 63, 148 Tonicity, 128, 148 Tonus, 148 Tooth Preparation, 119, 148 Torticollis, 70, 148 Toxic, iv, 138, 148 Toxicity, 128, 148 Toxicology, 96, 148 Toxin, 70, 148 Traction, 88, 148 Transcutaneous, 70, 148 Transfection, 122, 148 Transfusion, 103, 148 Transient Ischemic Attacks, 75, 148 Trauma, 70, 76, 78, 148, 150 Trigeminal, 6, 7, 9, 22, 51, 70, 130, 136, 148 Trigeminal Nerve, 9, 148 Tumor suppressor gene, 4, 131, 149 Tumour, 41, 131, 149 Tympanic membrane, 77, 139, 149

U Ulcer, 5, 149 Uranium, 147, 149 Urinary, 133, 149 Uterus, 124, 127, 131, 133, 142, 149 V Vaccine, 142, 149 Vascular, 6, 29, 52, 70, 74, 75, 78, 79, 132, 134, 141, 149 Vein, 10, 120, 134, 138, 140, 149 Venous, 10, 124, 142, 149 Ventral, 125, 141, 149 Ventricle, 78, 143, 149 Ventricular, 133, 149 Vertigo, 6, 7, 11, 12, 47, 60, 65, 73, 75, 77, 78, 89, 100, 104, 117, 139, 149, 150 Vestibular Aqueduct, 77, 149 Vestibular Nerve, 38, 53, 63, 74, 88, 149, 150 Vestibular Neuronitis, 75, 149 Vestibule, 125, 134, 145, 149 Vestibulocochlear Nerve, 121, 125, 147, 149, 150 Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases, 147, 150 Veterinary Medicine, 95, 150 Villi, 133, 150 Viral, 19, 53, 77, 150 Virus, 123, 150 Visceral, 127, 131, 150 Voice Disorders, 80, 150 W Wound Infection, 48, 150 X X-ray, 126, 131, 138, 143, 146, 150

158

Acoustic neuroma

159

160

Acoustic neuroma