Acebutolol - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

ACEBUTOLOL A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N...

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ACEBUTOLOL A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Acebutolol: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00005-9 1. Acebutolol-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on acebutolol. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACEBUTOLOL ............................................................................................ 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Acebutolol ..................................................................................... 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACEBUTOLOL .................................................................................. 45 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 45 Finding Nutrition Studies on Acebutolol .................................................................................... 45 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 46 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACEBUTOLOL ............................................................ 49 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 49 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 49 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 50 General References ....................................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ACEBUTOLOL............................................................... 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 53 Academic Periodicals covering Acebutolol................................................................................... 55 CHAPTER 5. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................... 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 U.S. Pharmacopeia....................................................................................................................... 57 Commercial Databases ................................................................................................................. 58 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 61 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 61 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 61 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 63 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 65 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 67 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 67 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 67 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 71 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 71 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 71 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 71 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 71 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 77 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 77 ACEBUTOLOL DICTIONARY ..................................................................................................... 79 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 103

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with acebutolol is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about acebutolol, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to acebutolol, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on acebutolol. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to acebutolol, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on acebutolol. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACEBUTOLOL Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on acebutolol.

Federally Funded Research on Acebutolol The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to acebutolol. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to acebutolol. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore acebutolol.

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 2

Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text

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The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with acebutolol, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “acebutolol” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for acebutolol (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of acebutolol intoxication. Author(s): Sangster B, de Wildt D, van Dijk A, Klein S. Source: Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 1983 March; 20(1): 69-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6887301

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A comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of conventional and sustained-release preparations of acebutolol in healthy volunteers. Author(s): Fleurot O, Lecocq B, Lecocq V, Le Liboux A, Montay G, Frydman A, Jaillon P. Source: Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology. 1991; 5(7): 601-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1778538

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A comparison of acebutolol with methyldopa in hypertensive pregnancy. Author(s): Williams ER, Morrissey JR. Source: Pharmatherapeutica. 1983; 3(7): 487-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6669592

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A comparison of labetalol, acebutolol, and lidocaine for controlling the cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation for oral surgical procedures. Author(s): Roelofse JA, Shipton EA, Joubert JJ, Grotepass FW. Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 1987 October; 45(10): 835-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3477619

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A cross-over trial comparing the effects of acebutolol and propranolol on the serum lipids and hypertension. Author(s): Ghosh DC, Dutta S, Sarkar N. Source: Indian Heart J. 1989 September-October; 41(5): 292-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2599537

journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A double blind trial of acebutolol for migraine prophylaxis. Author(s): Nanda RN, Johnson RH, Gray J, Keogh HJ, Melville ID. Source: Headache. 1978 March; 18(1): 20-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=348644

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A double-blind comparison of acebutolol (Sectral) and propranolol (Inderal) in the treatment of hypertension in black Nigerian patients. Author(s): Abengowe CU. Source: J Int Med Res. 1985; 13(2): 116-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2860041

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A double-blind, crossover study of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride diuretic in Sudanese patients with essential hypertension. Author(s): Khalil SI, El Zein O, El Mahadi Bella M. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1982; 8(1): 39-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7049584

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A drug eruption due to acebutolol with combined lichenoid and lupus erythematosus features. Author(s): Taylor AE, Hindson C, Wacks H. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1982 March; 7(2): 219-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7083629

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A multicentre study of a once daily dosage of acebutolol in the treatment of hypertension in general practice. Author(s): Baker PG, Goulton J. Source: J Int Med Res. 1979; 7(3): 201-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=456733

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A multicentre study of twice daily acebutolol ('Sectral') in the treatment of hypertension in general practice. Author(s): Baker PG, Goulton J. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1979; 6(1): 50-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=378558

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A pharmacokinetic study of acebutolol in aged subjects as compared to young subjects. Author(s): Roux A, Henry JF, Fouache Y, Chau NP, Hervy MP, Forette F, Bourdarias JP, Flouvat B. Source: Gerontology. 1983; 29(3): 202-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6852547

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A randomized crossover comparison of acebutolol and methyldopa in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Author(s): Chatterji AN. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1978; 5(9): 675-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=367712

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A simple radioimmunoassay of acebutolol in plasma. Author(s): Gourmel B, Fiet J, Collins RF, Villette JM, Dreux C. Source: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 1980 December 8; 108(2): 229-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7192613

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Acebutol (Sectral) in angina pectoris treatment. Author(s): Fiserova J, Hlavacek K, Vavra M, Holik F, Munz J. Source: Acta Univ Carol [med] (Praha). 1979; 25(5-6): 335-42. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=262361

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Acebutolol (400 mg) given as a single daily dose to hypertensive patients previously stabilized on 400 mg acebutolol daily in divided doses: an open multicentre study. Author(s): Ashton WL. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1977-78; 5(4): 347-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=630910

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Acebutolol and coronary artery surgery. Plasma levels following oral pre-operative treatment. Author(s): Thoms GM, Reece IJ, Odom NJ, Kaye CM, Sankey MG. Source: Anaesthesia. 1982 November; 37(11): 1078-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6982635

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Acebutolol and diacetolol plasma levels in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Author(s): Mantz J, Blanchot G, Marty J, Farinotti R, Trouvin JH, Hazebroucq J, Desmonts JM. Source: J Cardiothorac Anesth. 1990 October; 4(5): 577-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2132136

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Acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. Author(s): Nadeau J, Ogilvie RI, Ruedy J, Brossard JJ. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1980 September; 28(3): 296-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7408389

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Acebutolol and left ventricular function: assessment by radionuclide angiography. Author(s): Katz RJ, DiBianco R, Singh S, Bortz R, Bates HR, Sauerbrunn B, Laddu AR, Fletcher RD. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1981 February; 29(2): 149-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7460480

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Acebutolol and nifedipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension: efficacy and acceptability. Author(s): de Divitiis O, Petitto M, Di Somma S, Fazio S, Galderisi M, Villari B, Liguori V, Santomauro M. Source: Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1984; 34(6): 710-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6386007

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Acebutolol and oral surgery: plasma levels following a single oral dose. Author(s): Fergusson NV, Dalgleish JG, Saunders DA. Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1985 March; 67(2): 124-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3883878

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Acebutolol disposition after intravenous administration. Author(s): Meffin PJ, Winkle RA, Peters FA, Harrison DC. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1977 November; 22(5 Pt 1): 557-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=913023

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Acebutolol effects on lipid profile. Author(s): Schnaper HW. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1990 September 25; 66(9): 49C-54C. Review. Erratum In: Am J Cardiol 1990 December 1; 66(19): A8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2220651

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Acebutolol for premature ventricular contractions: short- and long-term effects. Author(s): de Soyza N. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1205-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3993536

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Acebutolol in angina pectoris: objective assessment using graded treadmill testing. Author(s): Kimchi A, Gotsman MS, Lewis BS. Source: Isr J Med Sci. 1978 September; 14(9): 941-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=363642

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Acebutolol in cardiac arrhythmias. Author(s): Lewis BS, Mitha AS, Gotsman MS. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1974 April 20; 48(19): 821-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4150954

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Acebutolol in essential hypertension: results of two multicenter studies against placebo and propranolol. Author(s): Davidov M. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1158-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859780

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Acebutolol in hypertension: relationships between drug concentration and effects. Author(s): Martin MA, Phillips FC, Tucker GT, Smith AJ. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1978 December 18; 14(6): 383-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=367793

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Acebutolol in hypertension--double-blind trial against placebo. Author(s): Martin MA, Phillips CA, Smith AJ. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1978 October; 6(4): 351-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=359018

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Acebutolol in mild to moderate hypertension: a double-blind crossover study. Author(s): Hua AS, Kalowski S, Whitworth JA, Kincaid-Smith P. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1980 March 8; 1(5): 226-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6990216

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Acebutolol in supraventricular arrhythmias. Author(s): Aronow WS, Van Camp S, Turbow M, Whittaker K, Lurie M. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1979 February; 25(2): 149-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=365429

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Acebutolol in the management of hypertension in patients with renal disease. Author(s): Gabriel R. Source: Br J Clin Pract. 1979 September; 33(9): 259-62. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=486303

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Acebutolol in the treatment of diabetic patients with hypertension. Author(s): Fraser DM, Nimmo GR, Poloniecki JD. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1986; 10(2): 122-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3519092

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Acebutolol in the treatment of patients with hypertension and renal functional impairment. Author(s): Begg E, Munn S, Bailey RR. Source: N Z Med J. 1979 April 25; 89(634): 293-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=286923

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Acebutolol induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Author(s): Thompson RN, Grennan DM. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1983 March 12; 286(6368): 894. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6403128

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Acebutolol metabolite plasma concentration during chronic oral therapy. Author(s): Winkle RA, Meffin PJ, Ricks WB, Harrison DC. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1977 October; 4(5): 519-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=911602

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Acebutolol overdose resulting in fatalities. Author(s): Love JN. Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2000 April; 18(3): 341-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10729673

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Acebutolol overdose treated with hemodialysis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Author(s): Rooney M, Massey KL, Jamali F, Rosin M, Thomson D, Johnson DH. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1996 August; 36(8): 760-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8877682

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Acebutolol pharmacokinetics in renal failure. Author(s): Smith RS, Warren DJ, Renwick AG, George CF. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1983 September; 16(3): 253-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6626416

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Acebutolol saliva excretion. Author(s): Giudicelli JF, Freslon JL, Richer C. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1979 October; 8(4): 373-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=41552

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Acebutolol therapy for ventricular arrhythmia. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study. Author(s): De Soyza N, Shapiro W, Chandraratna PA, Aronow WS, Laddu AR, Thompson CH. Source: Circulation. 1982 June; 65(6): 1129-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7042111

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Acebutolol, atenolol, and propranolol and metabolic responses to acute hypoglycaemia in diabetics. Author(s): Deacon SP, Karunanayake A, Barnett D. Source: British Medical Journal. 1977 November 12; 2(6097): 1255-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=338101

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Acebutolol. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension, angina pectoris and arrhythmia. Author(s): Singh BN, Thoden WR, Ward A. Source: Drugs. 1985 June; 29(6): 531-69. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3891306

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Acebutolol: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects. Author(s): Singh BN, Thoden WR, Wahl J. Source: Pharmacotherapy. 1986 March-April; 6(2): 45-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3012486

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Acebutolol: ten years of experience. Author(s): De Bono G, Kaye CM, Roland E, Summers AJ. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1211-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859785

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Acebutolol-induced decrease of mononuclear leukocyte beta-adrenoceptors in hypertension. Author(s): Basso A, Piantanelli L, Cognini G, Giunta S, Andreoni A, Paciaroni E. Source: Pharmacology. 1985; 31(5): 278-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2999840

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Acebutolol-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Author(s): Akoun GM, Herman DP, Mayaud CM, Perrot JY. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1983 January 22; 286(6361): 266-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6402066

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Acebutolol-induced pleuropulmonary lupus syndrome. Author(s): Record NB Jr. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1981 September; 95(3): 326-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6973944

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Acebutolol-induced ventricular tachycardia reversed with sodium bicarbonate. Author(s): Donovan KD, Gerace RV, Dreyer JF. Source: Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 1999; 37(4): 481-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10465245

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Acute and long-term effects of acebutolol on systemic and renal hemodynamics, body fluid volumes, catecholamines, active renin, aldosterone, and lymphocyte betaadrenoceptor density. Author(s): van den Meiracker AH, Man in 't Veld AJ, Fischberg DJ, Molinoff PB, van Eck HJ, Boomsma F, Derkx FH, Schalekamp MA. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1988 April; 11(4): 413-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2453744

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Acute effects of acebutolol on cardiovascular function in man. Author(s): Dalal JJ, Ross PJ, Wong K, Sheridan DJ, Ruttley MS, Lewis MJ, Henderson AH. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 March; 11(3): 265-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7213527

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Acute hemodynamic effects and cardioselectivity of acebutolol, practolol, and propranolol. Author(s): Wollam GL, Cody RJ Jr, Tarazi RC, Bravo EL. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1979 June; 25(6): 813-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=445948

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Acute hemodynamic effects of acebutolol and propranolol. Author(s): Nigri A, Mangieri E, Martuscelli E, Reale A. Source: Clinical Therapeutics. 1984; 6(5): 693-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6478471

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Addition of acebutolol to diuretics in hypertension. Author(s): Gorkin JU, Elijovich F, Dziedzic SW, Krakoff LR. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1981 December; 30(6): 739-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6118215

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Acebutolol

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Adverse effects of acebutolol in chronic stable angina: drug-induced positive antinuclear antibody. Author(s): Bloomquist JN, Laddu A, Engler R. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1984 September-October; 6(5): 735-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6209474

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Aldactone and acebutolol in treatment of hypertension. Author(s): Leary WP, Asmal AC, Williams PC, Marwick B. Source: J Int Med Res. 1979; 7(1): 29-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=369923

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Ambulatory BP monitoring after acute administration of slow release nifedipine, alone or in combination with acebutolol, in systo-diastolic and in systolic hypertension. Author(s): Strano A, Novo S, Raineri A, Immordino R, Giannola A, Indovina G. Source: Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1985; 7(2-3): 391-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4006253

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An open study of acebutolol, given as a single daily dose in the management of hypertension in the Chulalungkorn Hospital, Thailand. Author(s): Ongcharit C, Goulton J, Baker PG. Source: J Int Med Res. 1980; 8(3): 188-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6993251

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An open, multicentre study of acebutolol in hypertension. Author(s): Ashton WL. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1976; 4(6): 442-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1001000

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An open, multicentre study of acebutolol, given as a single daily dose, in the management of hypertension. Author(s): Ashton WL. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1977; 5(3): 279-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=162667

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Ancillary pharmacologic properties of acebutolol: cardioselectivity, partial agonist activity, and membrane-stabilizing activity. Author(s): Giacomini JC, Thoden WR. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1137-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859777

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Anti-arrhythmic properties of acebutolol (Bay c 7705), a new cardioselective betaadrenergic blocking agent: a preliminary report. Author(s): Burckhardt K, Raeder E, Ebner F. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1977; 4(7): 496-500. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=844327

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Antiarrhythmic significance of dosing intervals in beta receptor blocking therapy of hypertension with acebutolol. Author(s): Frick MH, Kala R. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1981 November; 48(5): 911-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6118059

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Antihypertensive action of acebutolol (Sectral) when used concomitantly with hydrochlorothiazide. Author(s): Mitenko PA, McKenzie JK, Brossard JJ. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1982 February; 13(2): 209-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7059418

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Anti-hypertensive effect of acebutolol: its relation to sympathetic nervous system responsiveness and to plasma renin and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities. Author(s): Fournier A, Hardin JM, Alexandre JM, Lombaert M, Ronco G, Bezoc JF, Desmet G, Quichaud J. Source: Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl. 1976 December; 3: 477S-480S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1071666

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Antihypertensive effects of acebutolol plus hydrochlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide alone in black patients. Author(s): Cowling CG, Leary WP, Mahomedy Y, van der Byl K. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1986 July 19; 70(2): 92-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3523796

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Antihypertensive effects of tertatolol: 3-month comparative study against acebutolol. Author(s): Gallet M, Kleinknecht D, Maurice P. Source: American Journal of Nephrology. 1986; 6 Suppl 2: 83-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2879477

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Antihypertensive therapy with a single daily dose of acebutolol in essential hypertension, response and ophthalmological assessment in the Japanese. Author(s): Sekine K, Takahashi M, Ogata E, Ohnishi T, Takase M. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1985; 28(6): 709-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3877636

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Antinuclear antibodies and acebutolol. Author(s): Martin MA. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1980 September; 10(3): 313-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6969082

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Antinuclear antibodies in patients on acebutolol. Author(s): Booth RJ, Bullock JY, Wilson JD. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1980 May; 9(5): 515-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6104977

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Anxiolytic effects of acebutolol and atenolol in healthy volunteers with induced anxiety. Author(s): Kilminster SG, Lewis MJ, Jones DM. Source: Psychopharmacology. 1988; 95(2): 245-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2901122

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Assessment of the efficacy and acceptability of an acebutolol/hydrochlorothiazide combination in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Author(s): Nievel JG, Harvard CW. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1981; 7(8): 526-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7030637

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Atrial natriuretic peptide during exercise in patients with coronary heart disease before and after single dose atenolol and acebutolol. Author(s): Keller N, Sykulski R, Thamsborg G, Storm T, Larsen J. Source: Acta Med Scand. 1988; 223(4): 305-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2967028

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Beta-blocking potency and electrophysiologic effects of acebutolol. Author(s): Singh BN, Williams R, Harrison DC. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1126-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859775

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Blockade of isoprenaline-induced changes in plasma free fatty acids, immunoreactive insulin levels and plasma renin activity in healthy human subjects, by propranolol, pindolol, practolol, atenolol, metoprolol and acebutolol. Author(s): Harms HH, Gooren L, Spoelstra AJ, Hesse C, Verschoor L. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1978 January; 5(1): 19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=23133

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Blood plasma binding of acebutolol and diacetolol in man. Author(s): Coombs TJ, Coulson CJ, Smith VJ. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1980 April; 9(4): 395-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7378256

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Bronchial and cardiac beta-adrenoceptor blockade--a comparison of atenolol, acebutolol and labetalol. Author(s): Gribbin HR, Mackay AD, Baldwin CJ, Tattersfield AE. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 July; 12(1): 61-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6264936

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Bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia in patients taking acebutolol or amiodarone. Author(s): Camus P, Lombard JN, Perrichon M, Piard F, Guerin JC, Thivolet FB, Jeannin L. Source: Thorax. 1989 September; 44(9): 711-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2588206

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Captopril but not acebutolol, prazosin or indomethacin decreases postexercise proteinuria. Author(s): Esnault VL, Potiron-Josse M, Testa A, Ginet JD, Le Carrer D, Guenel J. Source: Nephron. 1991; 58(4): 437-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1922609

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Cardiac and pulmonary effects of acebutolol. Author(s): Kumana CR, Kaye CM, Leighton M, Turner P, Hamer J. Source: Lancet. 1975 July 19; 2(7925): 89-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=49736

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Cardioselective beta-blockade with atenolol and acebutolol following acute myocardial infarction: a multiple-dose haemodynamic comparison. Author(s): Frais MA, Silke B, Ahuja RC, Verma SP, Nelson GI, Taylor SH. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1985 January-February; 7(1): 80-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2580155

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Cardiovascular effects of acebutolol (M & B 17803A), in exercising man; a comparative study with practolol and propranolol. Author(s): Coleman AJ, Leary WP. Source: Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1972 October; 14(10): 673-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4404477

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Cardiovascular effects of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. Author(s): Ogilvie RI, Nadeau JH. Source: Hypertension. 1982 March-April; 4(2): 320-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7040230

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Central effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent acebutolol. A quantitative EEG study using normalised slope descriptors. Author(s): Kayed K, Godtlibsen OB. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1977 December 16; 12(5): 327-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=598404

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Changes in plasma concentrations of acebutolol, propranolol and indomethacin during physical exercise. Author(s): Henry JA, Iliopoulou A, Kaye CM, Sankey MG, Turner P. Source: Life Sciences. 1981 April 27; 28(17): 1925-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7253799

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Changes in serum lipids and antioxidant status in west Algerian patients with essential hypertension treated with acebutolol compared to healthy subjects. Author(s): Krouf D, Bouchenak M, Mohammedi B, Cherrad A, Belleville JL, Prost JL. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2003 August; 9(8): Pi109-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12942043

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Chronic use of acebutolol in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Author(s): O'Reilly M. Source: American Heart Journal. 1991 April; 121(4 Pt 1): 1185-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2008843

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Circulatory effects of intravenous and oral acebutolol in acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Silke B, Nelson G, Verma SP, Clarke J, Baliga G, Taylor SH. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1985 September; 38(3): 266-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4028620

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Clinical pharmacology of acebutolol. Author(s): Ryan JR. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1131-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859776

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Clinical study of the haemodynamic effect of a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker acebutolol in anaesthesia. Author(s): Miyazaki M, Yokono S. Source: Japanese Circulation Journal. 1980 April; 44(4): 317-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6103076

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Clinical trial of acebutolol (Sectral) in hypertension. Author(s): Charoenlarp K, Jaroonvesama N. Source: J Int Med Res. 1978; 6(1): 67-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=342303

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Clonidine, acebutolol and their interaction in essential hypertension: effects on blood pressure and the control of water and electrolyte balance. Author(s): Plouin PF, Degoulet P, Ferme I, Cornette M, Menard J. Source: European Heart Journal. 1983 November; 4 Suppl G: 7-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6363082

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Combined acebutolol/nifedipine therapy in patients with chronic coronary artery disease: additional improvement of ischemia-induced left ventricular dysfunction. Author(s): Pfisterer M, Muller-Brand J, Burkart F. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1982 April 1; 49(5): 1259-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7064850

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Comparative beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects of propranolol, bisoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol and diacetolol on the human isolated bronchus. Author(s): Naline E, Sarria B, Ertzbischoff O, Ozanne P, Advenier C. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1990 July; 30(1): 135-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1975197

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Comparative beta-blocking potencies of acebutolol and propranolol relative to plasma drug levels. Author(s): Collett JT, Hendrickson JA, Chew CY, Shah PM, Laddu AR, Singh BN. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1981 November; 19(11): 473-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6117519

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Comparative bioavailability of two acebutolol formulations. Author(s): Verbesselt R, Tjandramaga TB, Mullie A, De Schepper PJ. Source: Boll Chim Farm. 1978 February; 117(2): 102-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=743358

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Comparative effects of acebutolol and labetalol on peripheral hemodynamics in healthy volunteers. Author(s): Wurm M, Kantelip JP, Duchene-Marullaz P. Source: Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology. 1988; 2(5): 405-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3069682

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Comparative effects of acebutolol and practolol on the lipolytic response to isoprenaline. Author(s): Gibbons DO, Lant AF, Ashford A, Collins RF, Pinder S. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1976 February; 3(1): 177-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=973938

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Comparative effects of bisoprolol and acebutolol in smokers with airway obstruction. Author(s): Macquin-Mavier I, Roudot-Thoraval F, Clerici C, George C, Harf A. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1988 September; 26(3): 279-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2902873

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Comparative effects of oral acebutolol and propranolol at rest and during exercise in ischemic heart disease: double-blind placebo crossover study utilizing radionuclide ventriculography. Author(s): Kaul S, Hecht HS, Seidman R, Hopkins J, Singh BN. Source: American Heart Journal. 1984 September; 108(3 Pt 1): 469-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6382987

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Comparative haemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous propranolol, acebutolol and penbutolol in angina pectoris. Author(s): Silke B, Nelson GI, Verma SP, Ahuja RC, Okoli RC, Hussain M, Taylor SH. Source: Herz. 1984 February; 9(1): 57-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6368345

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Comparative hypotensive effects of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension: a double-blind multicenter evaluation. Author(s): Wahl J, Singh BN, Thoden WR. Source: American Heart Journal. 1986 February; 111(2): 353-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3511650

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Comparative study of acebutolol and oxprenolol in the management of hypertensive cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) patients. Author(s): Ranakusuma TA, Samino, Tobing SM, Almatsier M, Suyawan, Soemargo S. Source: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1981 October; 10(4 Suppl): 15-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7344596

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Comparative study of muzolimine and acebutolol in the treatment of moderate hypertension. Author(s): Lucsko M, Kerihuel JC, Chaignon M, Aubert PH, Guedon J. Source: Zeitschrift Fur Kardiologie. 1985; 74 Suppl 2: 73-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3890394

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Comparative trial of labetalol and acebutolol, alone or associated with dihydralazine, in treatment of essential hypertension. Author(s): Thibonnier M, Lardoux MD, Corvol P. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1980 June; 9(6): 561-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6992823

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Compared effect of propranolol and acebutolol on serum thyroid hormones' levels in euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients: a randomized study. Author(s): Perret G, Hugues JN, Modigliani E, Sebaoun J. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1984 July; 22(7): 360-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6469425

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Comparison of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. Author(s): Lewis JE. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1168-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859781

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Comparison of acebutolol and propranolol for treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized crossover study. Author(s): Singh SN, DiBianco R, Davidov ME, Gottdiener JS, Johnson WL, Laddu AR, Fletcher RD. Source: Circulation. 1982 June; 65(7): 1356-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6176357

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Comparison of acebutolol and propranolol in essential hypertension. Author(s): Wahl J, Turlapaty P, Singh BN. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 February; 109(2): 313-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3880995

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Comparison of acebutolol and propranolol therapy for ventricular arrhythmias. Author(s): Platia EV, Berdoff R, Stone G, Reid PR. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1985 March; 25(2): 130-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2580866

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Comparison of acebutolol with and without hydrochlorothiazide versus carvedilol with and without hydrochlorothiazide in black patients with mild to moderate systemic hypertension. Author(s): Radevski IV, Valtchanova SP, Candy GP, Tshele EF, Sareli P. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1999 July 1; 84(1): 70-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10404854

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Comparison of acebutolol with propranolol, quinidine, and placebo: results of three multicenter arrhythmia trials. Author(s): Chandraratna PA. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1198-204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3993535

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Comparison of beta-adrenoceptor selectivity of acebutolol and its metabolite diacetolol with metoprolol and propranolol in normal man. Author(s): Thomas MS, Tattersfield AE. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1986; 29(6): 679-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2872056

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Comparison of effect on psychomotor performance of single doses of propranolol and acebutolol. Author(s): Broadhurst AD. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1980; 7(1): 33-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7428410

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Comparison of efficacy of a single daily dose of 400 mg acebutolol and 100 mg atenolol in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Author(s): Turner AS, Brocklehurst JC. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1983; 8(8): 570-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6653134

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Comparison of once and twice daily administration of acebutolol in hypertension. Author(s): Watson RD, Stallard TJ, Littler WA. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1980 February; 9(2): 209-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6766731

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Comparison of propranolol, metoprolol, and acebutolol on insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Author(s): Newman RJ. Source: British Medical Journal. 1976 August 21; 2(6033): 447-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8187

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Comparison of the acute effects of acebutolol and propranolol on blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes during graded treadmill exercise in patients with essential hypertension. Author(s): Matsuura H, Masaoka S, Kanazawa I, Murano S, Tsuchioka Y, Kajiyama G. Source: Jpn J Med. 1989 January-February; 28(1): 8-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2657144

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Comparison of the antianginal efficacy of acebutolol and propranolol. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Author(s): DiBianco R, Singh SN, Shah PM, Newton GC, Miller RR, Nahormek P, Costello RB, Laddu AR, Gottdiener JS, Fletcher RD. Source: Circulation. 1982 June; 65(6): 1119-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6804109

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Comparison of the antiarrhythmic effects of acebutolol and propranolol in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Author(s): Glasser SP, Clark PI, Laddu AR. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983 November 1; 52(8): 992-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6195911

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Comparison of the antihypertensive and hormonal effects of a cardioselective betablocker, acebutolol, and diuretics in essential hypertension. Author(s): Alhenc-Gelas F, Plouin PF, Ducrocq MB, Corvol P, Menard J. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1978 June; 64(6): 1005-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=655186

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Comparison of the antihypertensive effects of celiprolol and acebutolol. Author(s): Terziivanov D, Vlahov V, Belovezhdov N, Gerova Z. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1988; 34(2): 125-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2968268

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Comparison of the antilipolytic effect of metoprolol, acebutolol, and propranolol in man. Author(s): Newman RJ. Source: British Medical Journal. 1977 September 3; 2(6087): 601-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=901996

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Comparison of the beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptor blocking properties of acebutolol and propranolol. Author(s): Whitsett TL, Levin DC, Manion CV. Source: Chest. 1982 December; 82(6): 668-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6128186

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Comparison of the effect of perindopril and acebutolol on cerebral hemodynamics in hypertensive patients. Author(s): Pieniazek W, Dimitrow PP, Jasinski T. Source: Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy / Sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 2001 January; 15(1): 63-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11504165

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Comparison of the effects of acebutolol (Sectral) and practolol (Eraldin) on airways obstruction in asthmatics. Author(s): Skinner C, Palmer KN. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1975 October; 2(5): 417-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=786353

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Controlled trial of acebutolol in hypertension. Author(s): Hansson L, Berglund G, Andersson O, Holm M. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1977 October 14; 12(2): 89-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=336378

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Cutaneous vasculitis due to acebutolol. Author(s): Ashford R, Staughton R, Brighton WD. Source: Lancet. 1977 August 27; 2(8035): 462. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=70680

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Development of antinuclear antibodies during acebutolol therapy. Author(s): Cody RJ Jr, Calabrese LH, Clough JD, Tarazi RC, Bravo EL. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1979 June; 25(6): 800-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=87291

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Differential antianginal responsiveness to acebutolol. Author(s): Biron P, Tremblay G. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1975; 8(1): 15-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=786672

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Differential antihypertensive effect of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride hydrochloride combination on elevated exercise blood pressures in hypertensive patients. Author(s): Franz IW. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1980 August; 46(2): 301-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6105821

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Dose-dependent acebutolol disposition after oral administration. Author(s): Meffin PJ, Winkle RA, Peters FA, Harrison DC. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1978 November; 24(5): 542-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=699478

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Double blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol in angina pectoris. Author(s): Pandhi P, Sethi V, Sharma BK, Wahi PL, Sharma PL. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1985 November; 23(11): 598-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3908331

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Double-blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Author(s): Pandhi P, Sethi V, Sharma BK, Wahl PL, Sharma PL. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1985 November; 23(11): 606-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3908332

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Double-blind trial of the long-term effects of acebutolol and propranolol on serum lipoproteins in patients with stable angina pectoris. Author(s): Miller NE, Nanjee MN, Rajput-Williams J, Coltart DJ. Source: American Heart Journal. 1987 October; 114(4 Pt 2): 1007-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3310569

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Effect of acebutolol and propranolol on premature ventricular complexes. Author(s): Aronow WS, Wong R, Plasencia G, Landa D, Turbow M. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1980 July; 28(1): 28-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6993085

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Effect of acebutolol on dynamic ischemic ECG changes: a study using ambulatory twenty-four-hour ECG monitoring. Author(s): Admon D, Kamchi A, Lewis BS, Gotsman MS. Source: Isr J Med Sci. 1979 March; 15(3): 207-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=37190

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Effect of acebutolol on left ventricular hemodynamics and anatomy in systemic hypertension. Author(s): Trimarco B, Ricciardelli B, De Luca N, Volpe M, Veniero A, Cuocolo A, Condorelli M. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1984 March 1; 53(6): 791-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6230921

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Effect of acebutolol on left ventricular performance. Author(s): Singh SN, DiBianco R, Katz RJ, Costello RB, Fletcher RD. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1151-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859779

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Effect of acebutolol, a new beta-receptor antagonist on heart rate and rate-pressure product in normal subjects. Author(s): Sharma PL. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 1976 December; 14(4): 290-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1002366

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Effect of aging on the pharmacokinetics of acebutolol enantiomers. Author(s): Piquette-Miller M, Foster RT, Kappagoda CT, Jamali F. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1992 February; 32(2): 148-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1613125

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Effect of bisoprolol and acebutolol on resting blood pressure and on exercise blood pressure profile in hypertensive patients: a comparative, single-blind study. Author(s): Bouvier JM, Rabot D, Herrero G. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1990; 16 Suppl 5: S179-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11527124

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Effect of intravenous and oral acebutolol in patients with bundle branch block. Author(s): Crean PA, Williams DO. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 1986 February; 10(2): 119-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3943932

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Effective treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias with acebutolol. Author(s): Williams DO, Tatelbaum R, Most AS. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1979 September; 44(3): 521-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=382821

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Effectiveness of digitalis with or without acebutolol in preventing atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery surgery. Author(s): Kowey PR, Dalessandro DA, Herbertson R, Briggs B, Wertan MA, Rials SJ, Filart RA, Marinchak RA. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1997 April 15; 79(8): 1114-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9114777

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Effects of a fixed combination of low dose nifedipine and acebutolol on essential hypertension: comparison with standard dose acebutolol. Author(s): Lejeune P, Gunselmann W, Hoppe I, Mummel P, Petersen B, Winkler E, Gfrerer G, Schreiber U. Source: Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1985; 7(11): 1541-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3910303

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Effects of acebutolol and propranolol on left ventricular performance assessed by echocardiography. Author(s): Chandraratna PA, Aronow WS, Laddu A. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1980 April; 27(4): 460-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7357803

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Effects of acebutolol combined with mefruside on total-body and serum potassium in essential hypertensive patients. Author(s): Schulte KL, Meyer-Sabellek W, Gotzen R. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1984 August; 22(8): 438-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6490227

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Effects of acebutolol on chronic stable angina pectoris. A placebo-controlled, doubleblind, randomized crossover study. Author(s): DiBianco R, Singh S, Singh JB, Katz RJ, Bortz R, Gottdiener JS, Spodick DH, Laddu AR, Fletcher RD. Source: Circulation. 1980 December; 62(6): 1179-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6777070

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Effects of acebutolol on myocardial infarct extension: a randomized electrocardiographic, enzymatic and angiographic study. Author(s): Azancot I, Lorente P, Georgiopoulos G, Beaufils P, Masquet C, Baudouy Y, Slama R. Source: Circulation. 1982 November; 66(5): 986-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6127172

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Effects of acebutolol on paroxysmal atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia in patients with manifest or concealed accessory pathways. Author(s): Kou HC, Yeh SJ, Lin FC, Hung JS, Wu D. Source: Chest. 1983 January; 83(1): 92-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6848337

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Effects of acebutolol on the serum lipid profile. Author(s): Clucas A, Miller N. Source: Drugs. 1988; 36 Suppl 2: 41-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3063505

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Effects of age and race on clinical response to acebutolol in essential hypertension. Author(s): Boyles PW. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1184-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859783

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Effects of an acebutolol-hydrochlorothiazide combination on urinary solute excretion in healthy adults. Author(s): Leary WP, Reyes AJ, van der Byl K. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1986 January 18; 69(2): 98-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3941959

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Effects of BAY l 5240, a fixed combination of low dose nifedipine and acebutolol on hypertension: comparison with standard dose nifedipine. Author(s): Lejeune P, Gunselmann W, Hennies L, Hess K, Rittgerodt K, Winn K, Gfrerer G, Schreiber U. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1985; 28(1): 17-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3886399

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Effects of beta blockade with acebutolol on hypertension, hemodynamics, and fluid volume. Author(s): Dreslinski GR, Aristimuno GG, Messerli FH, Suarez DH, Frohlich ED. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1979 November; 26(5): 562-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=498697

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Effects of chronic antihypertensive treatment with acebutolol and pindolol on blood pressures, plasma catecholamines, and oxygen uptake at rest and during submaximal and maximal exercise. Author(s): Franz IW, Lohmann FW, Koch G. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1982 March-April; 4(2): 180-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6175799

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Effects of nifedipine, acebutolol, and their association on exercise tolerance in patients with effort angina. Author(s): De Ponti C, De Biase AM, Pirelli S, Cataldo G, Salvade P, Lanocita M, Caru B. Source: Cardiology. 1981; 68 Suppl 2: 195-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7032697

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Effects of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists acebutolol and metoprolol on sleep pattern in normal subjects. Author(s): Kayed K, Godtlibsen OB. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1977 December 16; 12(5): 323-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=598403

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Efficacy and tolerance of nifedipine retard vs acebutolol in patients with essential hypertension treated for 26 weeks. Author(s): Chamiec T, Zaleska T, Klos J, Pietrzykowska H, Bednarz B, Ceremuzynski L. Source: Mater Med Pol. 1989 January-March; 21(1): 49-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2634218

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Efficacy of acebutolol after acute myocardial infarction (the APSI trial). The APSI Investigators. Author(s): Boissel JP, Leizorovicz A, Picolet H, Ducruet T. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1990 September 25; 66(9): 24C-31C. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2220646

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Efficacy of acebutolol in chronic stable angina using single-blind and randomized double-blind protocol. Author(s): Lee G, DeMaria AN, Favrot L, Hermanovich J, Kozina J, Krieg P, Kimchi A, Laddu A, Mason DT. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1982 August-September; 22(8-9): 371-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6813360

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Electrophysiological effects of acebutolol. Author(s): Mason JW, Winkle RA, Meffin PJ, Harrison DC. Source: British Heart Journal. 1978 January; 40(1): 35-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=341930

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Elimination of interference by acebutolol and its metabolites in determinations of urinary metanephrines. Author(s): Jauzac P, Sylla C, Valdiguie P, Couste-Blazy L. Source: Clinical Chemistry. 1982 May; 28(5): 1243-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7074923

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Enantioselective high performance liquid chromatographic assay of acebutolol and its active metabolite diacetolol in human serum. Author(s): Szymura-Oleksiak J, Walczak M, Bojarski J, Aboul-Enein HY. Source: Chirality. 1999; 11(4): 267-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10224653

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Evaluation of a modified high-performance liquid chromatography assay for acebutolol and its major metabolite. Author(s): Guentert TW, Wientjes GM, Upton RA, Combs DL, Riegelman S. Source: Journal of Chromatography. 1979 August 21; 163(4): 373-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=544603

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Evaluation of the beta-blocking drug acebutolol in angina pectoris. Author(s): Rod JL, Admon D, Kimchi A, Gotsman MS, Lewis BS. Source: American Heart Journal. 1979 November; 98(5): 604-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=495406

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Favorable effects of acebutolol on exercise performance and angina in men with coronary artery disease. Author(s): Steele P, Gold F. Source: Chest. 1982 July; 82(1): 40-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7044708

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Fulminant myasthenia gravis soon after initiation of acebutolol therapy. Author(s): Confavreux C, Charles N, Aimard G. Source: European Neurology. 1990; 30(5): 279-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2269319

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Glucose and lipid metabolism during acebutolol and propranolol therapy of angina in nondiabetic patients. Author(s): Birnbaum J, DiBianco R, Becker KL, Muesing R, Costello RB, Singh SN, Gottdiener JS, Fletcher RD. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1983 March; 33(3): 294-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6337762

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Haemodynamic effects of acebutolol. Author(s): Mason JW, Specter MJ, Ingels NB, Daughters GT, Ferris AC, Alderman EL. Source: British Heart Journal. 1978 January; 40(1): 29-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=341929

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Haemodynamic effects of beta blockade in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using Sectral (acebutolol; M and B 17803A). Author(s): Lewis BS, Mitha AS, Bakst A, Purdon K, Gotsman MS. Source: Cardiovascular Research. 1974 March; 8(2): 249-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4150819

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Haemodynamic profile of acebutolol in acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Wan SH, Seah CS, Teh LB, Letchmana K. Source: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1980 October; 9(4): 440-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6113810

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Hemodynamic and beta-adrenergic receptor adaptations during long-term betaadrenoceptor blockade. Studies with acebutolol, atenolol, pindolol, and propranolol in hypertensive patients. Author(s): van den Meiracker AH, Man in't Veld AJ, Boomsma F, Fischberg DJ, Molinoff PB, Schalekamp MA. Source: Circulation. 1989 October; 80(4): 903-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2571431

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Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of acebutolol, atenolol, pindolol, and propranolol in hypertensive patients. Author(s): van den Meiracker AH, Man in 't Veld AJ, van Eck HJ, Boomsma F, Schalekamp MA. Source: Circulation. 1988 October; 78(4): 957-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3048776

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Hemodynamic effects of acebutolol and propranolol in hypertensive patients during exercise. Author(s): Reim HG, Wagner W. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1985 May; 23(5): 238-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4008112

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Hepatic toxicity after acebutolol therapy. Author(s): Tanner LA, Bosco LA, Zimmerman HJ. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1989 September 15; 111(6): 533-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2774374

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High-performance liquid chromatography assay of acebutolol and two of its metabolites in plasma and urine. Author(s): Buskin JN, Upton RA, Jones RM, Williams RL. Source: Journal of Chromatography. 1982 July 9; 230(2): 438-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7107789

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High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs in biological fluids. V. Analysis of acebutolol and its major metabolite. Author(s): Meffin PJ, Harapat SR, Yee YG, Harrison DC. Source: Journal of Chromatography. 1977 August 1; 138(1): 183-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=893593

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Hypertension treated with acebutolol. Author(s): Wee AS. Source: Singapore Med J. 1978 June; 19(2): 82-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=751190

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Immediate central hemodynamic effects of five different beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents, acebutolol, atenolol, pindolol, practolol, and propranolol, in patients with ischemic heart disease. Author(s): Svendsen TL, Trap-Jensen J, Carlsen JE, McNair A. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1145-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859778

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Infants born to hypertensive mothers treated by acebutolol. Pharmacological studies in the perinatal period. Author(s): Boutroy MJ, Vert P, Bianchetti G, Dubrucq C, Morselli PL. Source: Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1982; 4 Suppl: 109-15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7128381

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Influence of propranolol and acebutolol on isoprenaline-induced changes in heart rate and peripheral blood flow in man. Author(s): Mougeot G, Hugues FC, Julien D, Marche J. Source: Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1981 May; 251(1): 116-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7259364

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Intravenous acebutolol raises serum potassium in acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Jardine RM, Obel IW, Smith AM. Source: European Heart Journal. 1986 February; 7(2): 140-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3699050

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Isoproterenol blockade in man; comparison between penbutalol and acebutolol. Author(s): Coleman AJ, Leary WP, Asmal AC. Source: Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1974 January; 16(1): 64-79. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4149207

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Kinetics of a single dose combination of nifedipine/acebutolol in patients with chronic liver disease. Author(s): Lejeune P, Desager JP, Meunier H, Harvengt C. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1988 October; 26(10): 513-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3235218

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Lack of correlation between acetylator status and the production of the acetyl metabolite of acebutolol in man. Author(s): Gulaid A, James IM, Kaye CM, Lewellen OR, Roberts E, Sankey M, Smith J, Templeton R, Thomas RJ. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1978 March; 5(3): 261-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=656272

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Lack of effect of liver disease on the pharmacokinetics of acebutolol and diacetolol: a single dose study. Author(s): Zaman R, Jack DB, Wilkins MR, Kendall MJ. Source: Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 1985 April-June; 6(2): 131-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4005393

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Low-dose acebutolol given once daily in the treatment of chronic angina pectoris. Author(s): Pina IL, Smith EV, Weidler DJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1988 May; 28(5): 427-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3392240

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Merits of adding a beta blocker (acebutolol) to a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) in the treatment of hypertension. Author(s): Belleau LJ, Lebel M, Brossard JJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1982 January; 22(1): 20-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7037871

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Metabolism of acebutolol-d6 in the rat correlates with the identification of a new metabolite in human urine. Author(s): Andresen BD, Davis FT. Source: Drug Metabolism and Disposition: the Biological Fate of Chemicals. 1979 November-December; 7(6): 360-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=43220

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Multicentre comparison of the antihypertensive effect of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated mild-moderate hypertension in the elderly. Author(s): Salvetti A, Lucchini M, Airoldi G, Cagianelli MA, Cinotti G, Cortese R, Diamanti G, Giuntoli F, Pedrinelli R, Pettina G, et al. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1985; 29(3): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3908126

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Multi-centre study of acebutolol in hypertensive subjects: results for patients from the 50 to 64-years' old and over 65 years' old age groups. Author(s): Guerin A, Baker PG, Goulton J. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1981; 7(3): 179-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7214988

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Multicentre study of the efficacy and tolerance of acebutolol versus atenolol in the long term treatment of mild arterial hypertension. Author(s): De Backer G. Source: Drugs. 1988; 36 Suppl 2: 51-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3063506

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Neonatal effects of maternal administration of acebutolol. Author(s): Dumez Y, Tchobroutsky C, Hornych H, Amiel-Tison C. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1981 October 24; 283(6299): 10779. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6794766

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Nifedipine and acebutolol in combination for the treatment of moderate to severe essential hypertension. Author(s): Singer DR, Markandu ND, Shore AC, MacGregor GA. Source: Journal of Human Hypertension. 1987 June; 1(1): 31-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3334056

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Observations on the clinical pharmacology and plasma concentrations of diacetolol, the major human metabolite of acebutolol. Author(s): Ohashi K, Warrington SJ, Kaye CM, Houghton GW, Dennis M, Templeton R, Turner P. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 October; 12(4): 561-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7295489

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Observations on the pharmacokinetics of acebutolol. Author(s): Kaye CM, Kumana CR, Leighton M, Hamer J, Turner P. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1976 April; 19(4): 416-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1269192

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Ocular effects of acebutolol and propranolol. Author(s): Shapiro A, Kimchi A, Rod JL, Gotsman MS, Lewis BS. Source: Metab Pediatr Ophthalmol. 1980; 4(2): 87-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7442350

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Ocular, systemic and antinuclear antibody changes with acebutolol. Author(s): Hosie J, Ghafoor SY. Source: J R Coll Gen Pract. 1983 December; 33(257): 779-82. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6606705

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Once-daily acebutolol and atenolol in essential hypertension: double-blind crossover comparison. Author(s): Turner AS, Brocklehurst JC, Napier RN. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1178-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3993534

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Once-daily administration of acebutolol in treatment of hypertension. Author(s): Weber MA, Drayer JI. Source: American Heart Journal. 1985 May; 109(5 Pt 2): 1175-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2859782

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Once-daily dosing of acebutolol in hypertension. Author(s): Ogilvie RI, Hamet P, Kreeft JH, Larochelle P, Marquez-Julio A. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1983 January-February; 5(1): 157-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6186852

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Onset and duration of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade following single oral dose acebutolol hydrochloride (Sectral). Author(s): Watson RD, Littler WA. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1979 June; 7(6): 557-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=37868

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Ophthalmological monitoring of patients receiving long-term acebutolol. Author(s): Lyall MG, Bainbridge JG, Khambatta RB. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1983 November; 16(5): 574-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6639845

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Persistent reduction of mortality for five years after one year of acebutolol treatment initiated during acute myocardial infarction. The APSI Investigators. Acebutolol et Prevention Secondaire de l'Infarctus. Author(s): Cucherat M, Boissel JP, Leizorovicz A. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1997 March 1; 79(5): 587-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9068513

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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of diacetolol, the main metabolite of acebutolol. Author(s): Flouvat B, Roux A, Chau NP, Viallet M, Andre-Fouet X, Woehrle R, Gregoire J. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 March; 19(4): 287-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7286031

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Pharmacokinetics in man of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide as single agents and in combination. Author(s): Roux A, Le Liboux A, Delhotal B, Gaillot J, Flouvat B. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1983; 24(6): 801-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6884417

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Pharmacokinetics of acebutolol after intravenous bolus administration. Author(s): Roux A, Flouvat B, Chau NP, Letac B, Lucsko M. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1980 February; 9(2): 215-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7356910

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Pharmacokinetics of acebutolol enantiomers in humans. Author(s): Piquette-Miller M, Foster RT, Kappagoda CT, Jamali F. Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1991 April; 80(4): 313-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1865329

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Pharmacokinetics of acebutolol in patients with all grades of renal failure. Author(s): Roux A, Aubert P, Guedon J, Flouvat B. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1980 May; 17(5): 339-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7418713

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Plasma and urine concentrations of acebutolol and its acetyl metabolite in patients with renal functional impairment. Author(s): Munn S, Bailey RR, Begg E, Ebert R, Ferry DG. Source: N Z Med J. 1980 April 23; 91(658): 289-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6930006

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Plasma levels and beta-adrenoceptor blockade with acebutolol, practolol and propranolol in man. Author(s): Cuthbert MF, Collins RF. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1975 February; 2(1): 49-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1234486

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Plasma levels and electrophysiological effects of acebutolol (M & B 17.803) in the dog heart in situ. Author(s): Amlie JP, Lessum S, Collins RF, Landmark K. Source: Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1977 March; 40(3): 378-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=190859

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Platelet activation after adrenergic stimulation in hypertensive patients: effects of acebutolol. Author(s): Davi' G, Novo S, Pinto A, Custro N, Averna M, Mattina A, Strano A. Source: European Heart Journal. 1983 May; 4(5): 295-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6352266

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Pleurisy and pulmonary granulomas after treatment with acebutolol. Author(s): Leggett RJ. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1982 November 13; 285(6352): 1425. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6814587

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Pleurisy and pulmonary granulomas after treatment with acebutolol. Author(s): Wood GM, Bolton RP, Muers MF, Losowsky MS. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1982 October 2; 285(6346): 936. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6811073

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Preliminary observations on the elimination of acebutolol in severe chronic renal failure. Author(s): Kaye CM, Dufton JF. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1976 February; 3(1): 198-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=788740

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Preliminary observations on the excretion of acebutolol and its acetyl metabolite in the urine and faeces of man. Author(s): Gabriel R, Kaye CM, Sankey MG. Source: The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1981 June; 33(6): 386-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6115014

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Preliminary study of the disposition in man of acebutolol and its metabolite, diacetolol, using a new stereoselective hplc method. Author(s): Sankey MG, Gulaid A, Kaye CM. Source: The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1984 April; 36(4): 276-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6144783

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Prevention by acebutolol of rhythm disorders following coronary bypass surgery. Author(s): Materne P, Larbuisson R, Collignon P, Limet R, Kulbertus H. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 1985 July; 8(3): 275-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3894250

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Prevention of atrial fibrillation or flutter by acebutolol after coronary bypass grafting. Author(s): Daudon P, Corcos T, Gandjbakhch I, Levasseur JP, Cabrol A, Cabrol C. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1986 November 1; 58(10): 933-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3535474

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Properties of acebutolol in twenty patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Author(s): Biron P, Proulx A, Lapointe L, Nadeau R, Tremblay G. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1975; 8(1): 11-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1233201

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Pulmonary effects of acebutolol, a "cardioselective" beta adrenergic blocking agent. Author(s): DiBianco R, Dickie KJ, Singh S, Katz RJ, Costello RB, Gottdiene JS, Laddu AR, Fletcher RD. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1982 January; 20(1): 1-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6120142

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Quantitation in plasma and urine of acebutolol and a major metabolite with preliminary observations on their disposition kinetics in man. Author(s): Meffin PF, Harapat SR, Harrison DC. Source: Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1976 September; 15(1): 31-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=968178

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Randomised two way crossover comparison of the effects of six weeks propranolol and acebutolol therapy on plasma lipid profiles in patients with hypertension or ischaemic heart disease. Author(s): Tyagi S, Bhargava M, Bhattacharya J, Khalilullah M. Source: Indian Heart J. 1990 March-April; 42(2): 117-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2081608

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Rapid identification of diabetic patients with essential hypertension sensitive to acebutolol. Author(s): Passa P, Tugaye A, Gauville C, Canivet J. Source: Diabete Metab. 1981 September; 7(3): 155-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7033007

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Rapid identification of patients with essential hypertension sensitive to acebutolol (a new cardioselective beta-blocker). Author(s): Menard J, Bertagna X, N'Guyen PT, Degoulet P, Corvol P. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1976 May 31; 60(6): 886-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14503

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Reduction of early ventricular arrhythmia by acebutolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Ahumada GG, Karlsberg RP, Jaffe AS, Ambos HD, Sobel BE, Roberts R. Source: British Heart Journal. 1979 June; 41(6): 654-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=465240

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Reduction of ventricular ectopic beats with oral acebutolol: a double-blind, randomized crossover study. Author(s): Lui HK, Lee G, Dhurandhar R, Hungate EJ, Laddu A, Dietrich P, Mason DT. Source: American Heart Journal. 1983 May; 105(5): 722-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6846115

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Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by acebutolol and nifedipine. Author(s): Franz IW, Tonnesmann U, Behr U, Ketelhut R. Source: Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy / Sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 1989 June; 3 Suppl 1: 313-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2535068

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Respiratory effects of acebutolol hydrochloride. Author(s): Leary WP, Coleman AJ, Asmal AC. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1973 July 21; 47(28): 1245-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4146466

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Response of left ventricular myocardial perfusion and cavity size to beta-blockade by acebutolol. Author(s): Frick MH, Valle M, Korhola O, Hekali P, Riihimaki E. Source: Ann Clin Res. 1978 April; 10(2): 66-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=28072

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Secondary prevention after high-risk acute myocardial infarction with low-dose acebutolol. Author(s): Boissel JP, Leizorovicz A, Picolet H, Peyrieux JC. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1990 August 1; 66(3): 251-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2195860

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Selectivity of acebutolol, atenolol, and metoprolol in healthy volunteers estimated by the extent the drugs occupy beta 2-receptors in the circulating plasma. Author(s): Kaila T, Iisalo E. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1993 October; 33(10): 959-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8227468

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Separation of acebutolol and diacetolol diastereomers by reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography. Author(s): Gulaid AA, Houghton GW, Boobis AR. Source: Journal of Chromatography. 1985 January 18; 318(2): 393-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3980629

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Severe self-poisoning with acebutolol in association with alcohol. Author(s): Nicolas F, Villers D, Rozo L, Haloun A, Bigot A. Source: Critical Care Medicine. 1987 February; 15(2): 173-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3802864

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Shock syndrome after acebutolol. Author(s): Tirlapur VG, Evans PJ, Jones MK. Source: Br J Clin Pract. 1986 January; 40(1): 33-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3707825

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Specificity of acebutolol-induced antinuclear antibodies. Author(s): Querin S, Feuillet-Fieux MN, Jacob L, Niel G, Bach JF. Source: J Immunopharmacol. 1986; 8(4): 633-49. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3492566

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Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of acebutolol in human plasma and urine. Author(s): Piquette-Miller M, Foster RT, Pasutto FM, Jamali F. Source: Journal of Chromatography. 1990 March 16; 526(1): 129-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2341525

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Suppression of premature ventricular contractions by acebutolol. Author(s): Gradman AH, Winkle RA, Fitzgerald JW, Meffin PJ, Stoner J 3rd, Bell PA, Harrison DC. Source: Circulation. 1977 May; 55(5): 785-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=66105

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Suppression of ventricular arrhythmia by acebutolol. Author(s): Santoso T, Nursyirwan EF, Trisnohadi HB, Manurung D, Rahman AM, Abdurahman N. Source: Clin Cardiol. 1983 February; 6(2): 58-63. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6831786

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Survival following massive overdose of adrenergic blocking agents (acebutolol and labetalol). Author(s): Lewis M, Kallenbach J, Germond C, Zaltzman M, Muller F, Steyn J, Zwi S. Source: European Heart Journal. 1983 May; 4(5): 328-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6617679

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Sympathomimetic and cardiodepressant effects of acebutolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, and propranolol. A comparative study on changes in hemodynamics, contractility, heart rate, and AV-conduction time at therapeutic doses. Author(s): Gulker H, Kristek J, Heuer H, Bender F. Source: Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1981; 31(9): 1416-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6118162

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Systemic bioavailability of acebutolol in man. Author(s): Roux A, Flouvat B, Fouache Y, Bourdarias JP. Source: Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 1983 July-September; 4(3): 293-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6626703

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The antihypertensive action of acebutolol. Author(s): Low LP, Koh TH. Source: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1981 October; 10(4 Suppl): 11-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7344590

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The biliary excretion of acebutolol in man. Author(s): Kaye CM. Source: The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1976 May; 28(5): 449-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6757

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The cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation during anaesthesia for oral surgical procedures. Effects of labetalol, acebutolol and lignocaine on cardiac rhythm. Author(s): Roelofse JA, Shipton EA, de V Joubert JJ, Luus HG. Source: J Dent Assoc S Afr. 1986 October; 41(10): 707-11. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3473752

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The effect of acebutolol and propranolol on the hypoglycaemic action of glibenclamide. Author(s): Zaman R, Kendall MJ, Biggs PI. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1982 April; 13(4): 507-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6802160

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The effect of acebutolol on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Author(s): Burckhardt D, Raeder EA. Source: American Heart Journal. 1980 April; 99(4): 443-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6102434

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The effect of acebutolol on plasma apoproteins and HDL cholesterol subfractions. Author(s): Lehtonen A, Marniemi J, Niittymaki K. Source: Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1985 March; 47(3): 427-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3922021

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The effect of acebutolol on plasma lipids, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Author(s): Lehtonen A. Source: Acta Med Scand. 1984; 216(1): 57-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6385635

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The effect of acebutolol on tachycardia and performance during competition rifle shooting. Author(s): Gibbons DO, Phillips M. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1976 June; 3(3): 516-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=788752

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The effect of acebutolol on the cerebral circulation of man. Author(s): Hares P, James IM, Griffith D. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1977 June; 4(3): 373-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=901707

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The effect of food and alcohol on the pharmacokinetics of acebutolol and its metabolite, diacetolol. Author(s): Zaman R, Wilkins MR, Kendall MJ, Jack DB. Source: Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 1984 January-March; 5(1): 91-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6704510

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The effect of hydralazine on the pharmacokinetics of three different beta adrenoceptor antagonists: metoprolol, nadolol, and acebutolol. Author(s): Jack DB, Kendall MJ, Dean S, Laugher SJ, Zaman R, Tenneson ME. Source: Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 1982 January-March; 3(1): 47-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6123352

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The effect of nitroglycerin, beta-blockade with acebutolol and isometric stress on incoordinate left ventricular function. Author(s): Hall RJ, Doran J, Pusey C, McHaffie D, Gibson DG. Source: European Heart Journal. 1982 February; 3(1): 23-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6804239

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The effect of oxprenolol, acebutolol and propranolol on thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid subjects. Author(s): Jones MK, John R, Jones GR. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 1980 October; 13(4): 343-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7438476

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The effects of acebutolol and metoprolol on walking distances and distal blood pressure in hypertensive patients with intermittent claudication. Author(s): Svendsen TL, Jelnes R, Tonnesen KH. Source: Acta Med Scand. 1986; 219(2): 161-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3515864

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The effects of oral acebutolol and propranolol on forearm blood flow in hypertensive patients. Author(s): Ireland MA, Littler WA. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 September; 12(3): 363-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7295466

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The effects of propranolol and acebutolol on the overnight plasma levels of anterior pituitary and related hormones. Author(s): Lewis MJ, Groom GV, Barber R, Henderson AH. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 November; 12(5): 737-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6800389

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The efficacy and acceptability of the combination of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of essential hypertension. Author(s): Sutandar H, Sugeng I, Utama H, Suryaatmaja M, Sukaman. Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1984; 9(5): 323-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6397336

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The efficacy of nifedipine and acebutolol in coronary artery disease assessed by radionuclide ventriculography. Author(s): Bauer R, Busch U, Lutilsky L, van de Flierdt E, Langhammer HR, Pabst HW. Source: Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy / Sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 1989 June; 3 Suppl 1: 287-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2487800

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The electrophysiological evaluation of intravenous acebutolol, a beta-blocking drug. Author(s): Marrott PK, Ruttley MS, Jenkins PM, Muir JR. Source: Eur J Cardiol. 1977 October; 6(2): 117-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=913484

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The influence of pH on the buccal absorption and plasma and renal elimination of acebutolol. Author(s): Kaye CM, Long AD. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1976 February; 3(1): 196-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9955

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The influence of renal function on plasma levels and urinary excretion of acebutolol and its main N-acetyl metabolite. Author(s): Kirch W, Kohler H, Berggren G, Braun W. Source: Clinical Nephrology. 1982 August; 18(2): 88-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7140021

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The interference of acebutolol administration in the measurement of urinary 17ketosteroid by Zimmermann's method. Author(s): Ooiwa H, Shimamoto K, Nakagawa M, Iimura O. Source: Endocrinol Jpn. 1988 June; 35(3): 485-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3197660

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The long-term suppression of ventricular arrhythmia by oral acebutolol in patients with coronary artery disease. Author(s): de Soyza N, Kane JJ, Murphy ML, Laddu AR, Doherty JE, Bissett JK. Source: American Heart Journal. 1980 November; 100(5): 631-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6778183

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The lowering of daytime blood pressures with a single daily dose of acebutolol in ambulant hypertensives. Author(s): Mehta SK, Goldberg AD, Walsh JT. Source: Clin Cardiol. 1985 January; 8(1): 34-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3967403

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The penetration of acebutolol and its major metabolite, diacetolol, into human cerebrospinal fluid and saliva. Author(s): Zaman R, Jack DB, Kendall MJ. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 September; 12(3): 427-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7295474

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The pharmacokinetics of acebutolol in man, following the oral administration of acebutolol HCl as a single dose (400 mg), and during and after repeated oral dosing (400 mg, b.d.). Author(s): Gulaid AA, James IM, Kaye CM, Lewellen OR, Roberts E, Sankey M, Smith J, Templeton R, Thomas RJ. Source: Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 1981 April-June; 2(2): 103-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7248475

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The psychological side effects of acebutolol and atenolol. Author(s): Lewis MJ, Jones DM, Dart AM, Henderson AH. Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1984 March; 17(3): 364-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6712870

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The treatment of arterial hypertension with acebutolol. Its effect on the urinary catecholamine excretion. Author(s): Streian C, Comsulea L, Deutsch G, Mangiuca M, Ienea A. Source: Med Interne. 1981 July-September; 19(3): 259-63. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7302505

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The use of acebutolol with hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension. Author(s): Darmadji T, Pikir BS, Yogiarto M, Saleh M. Source: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1981 October; 10(4 Suppl): 21-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7344597

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To nurse when receiving acebutolol: is it dangerous for the neonate? Author(s): Boutroy MJ, Bianchetti G, Dubruc C, Vert P, Morselli PL. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1986; 30(6): 737-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3770068

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Toxicological findings in a fatal case of acebutolol self-poisoning. Author(s): Tracqui A, Kintz P, Wendling P, Ritter-Lohner S, Mangin P, Jaeger A. Source: Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 1992 November-December; 16(6): 398-400. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1293408

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Treatment of essential hypertension with beta-blocker plus diuretic: a study of 1402 patients treated by general practitioners with acebutolol 200 mg combined with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg ('Secadrex') once daily for 3 months. Author(s): McGowan GK, Baker PG. Source: J Int Med Res. 1984; 12(2): 87-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6373443

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Treatment of hypertension with acebutolol. Author(s): Fah NT. Source: Med J Malaysia. 1977 December; 32(2): 127-32. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=614478

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Treatment of hypertension with single daily doses of acebutolol. Author(s): Leary WP, Asmal AC, Williams PC, Marwick B. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1978 April 15; 53(15): 579-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=354042

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Treatment of premature ventricular complexes with acebutolol. Author(s): Aronow WS, Turbow M, Lurie M, Whittaker K, Van Camp S. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1979 January; 43(1): 106-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=758758

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Variability of spontaneous and exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in the absence and presence of treatment with acebutolol or quinidine. Author(s): Shapiro W, Park J, Koch GG. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1982 February 1; 49(2): 445-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6174041

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Vaule of renin measurement, saralasin test, and acebutolol treatment in hypertension. Author(s): Kreft C, Menard J, Corvol P. Source: Kidney International. 1979 February; 15(2): 176-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=513483

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Ventilatory and haemodynamic effects of terbutaline infusion during beta 1-selective blockade with metoprolol and acebutolol in asthmatic patients. Author(s): Greefhorst AP, van Herwaarden CL. Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1982; 23(3): 203-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6756931

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Verapamil versus acebutolol for syndrome X. Author(s): Romeo F, Gaspardone A, Ciavolella M, Gioffre P, Reale A. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1988 August 1; 62(4): 312-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3041793

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACEBUTOLOL Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and acebutolol.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Acebutolol The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “acebutolol” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “acebutolol” (or a synonym): •

Effect of an alpha-blocker (Nicergoline) and of a beta-blocker (Acebutolol) on the in vitro biosynthesis of vascular extracellular matrix. Author(s): Laboratoire de recherche chirurgicale, hopital Henri Mondor, 51, avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Creteil, France. Source: Moczar, M Robert, A M Jacotot, B Robert, L Pathol-Biol-(Paris). 2001 May; 49(4): 305-9 0369-8114

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

Nutrition

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACEBUTOLOL Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to acebutolol. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to acebutolol and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “acebutolol” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to acebutolol: •

Active secretion of drugs from the small intestinal epithelium in rats by Pglycoprotein functioning as an absorption barrier. Author(s): Terao T, Hisanaga E, Sai Y, Tamai I, Tsuji A. Source: The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1996 October; 48(10): 1083-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8953513

•

Affinities at the verapamil binding site of MDR1-encoded P-glycoprotein: drugs and analogs, stereoisomers and metabolites. Author(s): Neuhoff S, Langguth P, Dressler C, Andersson TB, Regardh CG, SpahnLangguth H. Source: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 April; 38(4): 168-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10783826

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Effects of turpentine oil pretreatment on beta-blocker pharmacokinetic parameters in rats. Author(s): Murai-Kushiya M, Okada S, Kimura T, Hasegawa R. Source: The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1993 September; 45(9): 836-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7903375

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Screening drugs for metabolic stability using pulsed ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. Author(s): Geun Shin Y, Bolton JL, van Breemen RB. Source: Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening. 2002 February; 5(1): 59-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11860340

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Transport of celiprolol across human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells: mediation of secretion by multiple transporters including P-glycoprotein. Author(s): Karlsson J, Kuo SM, Ziemniak J, Artursson P. Source: British Journal of Pharmacology. 1993 November; 110(3): 1009-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7905337

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Use of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in hyperthyroidism. Author(s): Feely J, Peden N. Source: Drugs. 1984 May; 27(5): 425-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6144501

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

Alternative Medicine 51

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to Acebutolol; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview High Blood Pressure Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Hypertension Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

•

Herbs and Supplements Acebutolol Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Beta-blockers Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ACEBUTOLOL Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover acebutolol.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on acebutolol is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “acebutolol” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to acebutolol. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “acebutolol” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for acebutolol: •

Acebutolol's Mortality Benefits Last At Least 5 Years Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 25, 1997

•

Mylan Receives First Approval On Acebutolol Capsules Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 30, 1995

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The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “acebutolol” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “acebutolol” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to acebutolol, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “acebutolol” (or synonyms).

Periodicals and News

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Academic Periodicals covering Acebutolol Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to acebutolol. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering acebutolol that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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CHAPTER 5. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for acebutolol. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a nonprofit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI Advice for the Patient can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with acebutolol. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks, etc.). The

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following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to acebutolol: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Betapace; Blocadren; Cartrol; Corgard; Inderal; Inderal LA; Kerlone; Levatol; Lopressor; Normodyne; Sectral; Tenormin; Toprol-XL; Trandate; Visken; Zebeta http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202087.html

Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult Mosby’s Drug Consult database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/.

PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html. Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee. If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

59

APPENDICES

61

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute5: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

5

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.6 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:7 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

6

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 7 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway8 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.9 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “acebutolol” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 1204 3 965 0 16 2188

HSTAT10 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.11 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.12 Simply search by “acebutolol” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

8

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

9

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 10 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 11 12

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

Physician Resources

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists13 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.14 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.15 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

13 Adapted 14

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 15 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on acebutolol can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to acebutolol. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to acebutolol. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “acebutolol”:

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Alzheimer's Disease http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alzheimersdisease.html Arrhythmia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/arrhythmia.html Lupus http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lupus.html Radiation Exposure http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/radiationexposure.html Stroke http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stroke.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to acebutolol. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Patient Resources

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Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to acebutolol. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with acebutolol. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about acebutolol. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “acebutolol” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “acebutolol”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “acebutolol” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

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The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “acebutolol” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.16

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

16

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)17: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

17

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

73

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

75

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

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New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

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New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

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New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

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New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

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Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

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Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

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Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

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Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

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Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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ACEBUTOLOL DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action. [NIH] Acebutolol Hydrochloride: Beta blocker. [NIH] Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adrenal Medulla: The inner part of the adrenal gland; it synthesizes, stores and releases catecholamines. [NIH] Adrenergic: Activated by, characteristic of, or secreting epinephrine or substances with similar activity; the term is applied to those nerve fibres that liberate norepinephrine at a synapse when a nerve impulse passes, i.e., the sympathetic fibres. [EU] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU] Age Groups: Persons classified by age from birth (infant, newborn) to octogenarians and older (aged, 80 and over). [NIH] Aged, 80 and Over: A person 80 years of age and older. [NIH] Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Airway: A device for securing unobstructed passage of air into and out of the lungs during general anesthesia. [NIH] Airway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. [NIH] Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. [NIH] Albumin: 1. Any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions

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and is coagulable by heat. 2. Serum albumin; the major plasma protein (approximately 60 per cent of the total), which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein carrying large organic anions, such as fatty acids, bilirubin, and many drugs, and also carrying certain hormones, such as cortisol and thyroxine, when their specific binding globulins are saturated. Albumin is synthesized in the liver. Low serum levels occur in protein malnutrition, active inflammation and serious hepatic and renal disease. [EU] Aldosterone: (11 beta)-11,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-18-al. A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that functions in the regulation of electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaloid: A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer. [NIH] Alpha-1: A protein with the property of inactivating proteolytic enzymes such as leucocyte collagenase and elastase. [NIH] Alprenolol: 1-((1-Methylethyl)amino)-3-(2-(2-propenyl)phenoxy)-2-propanol. Adrenergic beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amiodarone: An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Angina: Chest pain that originates in the heart. [NIH] Angina Pectoris: The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to myocardial ischemia usually of distinctive character, location and radiation, and provoked by a transient stressful

Dictionary 81

situation during which the oxygen requirements of the myocardium exceed the capacity of the coronary circulation to supply it. [NIH] Anginal: Pertaining to or characteristic of angina. [EU] Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of which a fragment of 14 amino acids is converted by renin to angiotensin I, the inactive precursor of angiotensin II. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. [NIH] Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Antianginal: Counteracting angina or anginal conditions. [EU] Antiarrhythmic: An agent that prevents or alleviates cardiac arrhythmia. [EU] Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antihypertensive: An agent that reduces high blood pressure. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Antioxidant: A substance that prevents damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemicals that often contain oxygen. They are produced when molecules are split to give products that have unpaired electrons. This process is called oxidation. [NIH] Anxiety: Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster. [NIH] Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Assay: Determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture, or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. [EU] Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to propranolol, but without a negative inotropic effect. [NIH] Atrial: Pertaining to an atrium. [EU] Atrial Fibrillation: Disorder of cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, irregular atrial impulses and ineffective atrial contractions. [NIH] Atrioventricular: Pertaining to an atrium of the heart and to a ventricle. [EU] Atrioventricular Node: A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart. [NIH]

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Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Autacoids: A chemically diverse group of substances produced by various tissues in the body that cause slow contraction of smooth muscle; they have other intense but varied pharmacologic activities. [NIH] Autonomic Nervous System: The enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus and the solitary nucleus, which receive information relayed from visceral afferents; these and related central and sensory structures are sometimes (but not here) considered to be part of the autonomic nervous system itself. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Basement Membrane: Ubiquitous supportive tissue adjacent to epithelium and around smooth and striated muscle cells. This tissue contains intrinsic macromolecular components such as collagen, laminin, and sulfated proteoglycans. As seen by light microscopy one of its subdivisions is the basal (basement) lamina. [NIH] Beta blocker: A drug used to slow the heart rate and reduce pressure inside blood vessels. It also can regulate heart rhythm. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile duct: A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. [NIH] Biliary: Having to do with the liver, bile ducts, and/or gallbladder. [NIH] Bioavailability: The degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the target tissue after administration. [EU] Biosynthesis: The building up of a chemical compound in the physiologic processes of a living organism. [EU] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH]

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Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bolus: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus infusion. [NIH] Bolus infusion: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus. [NIH] Bronchial: Pertaining to one or more bronchi. [EU] Bronchodilator: A drug that relaxes the smooth muscles in the constricted airway. [NIH] Bronchus: A large air passage that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to the lung. [NIH] Buccal: Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the buccal surface of a tooth. [EU] Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent. [NIH] Bypass: A surgical procedure in which the doctor creates a new pathway for the flow of body fluids. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiac catheterization: A procedure in which a thin, hollow tube is inserted into a blood vessel. The tube is then advanced through the vessel into the heart, enabling a physician to study the heart and its pumping activity. [NIH] Cardiomyopathy: A general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease, often of obscure or unknown etiology. [EU] Cardiopulmonary: Having to do with the heart and lungs. [NIH] Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs. [NIH] Cardioselective: Having greater activity on heart tissue than on other tissue. [EU] Cardiotonic: 1. Having a tonic effect on the heart. 2. An agent that has a tonic effect on the heart. [EU] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Cardiovascular disease: Any abnormal condition characterized by dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels. CVD includes atherosclerosis (especially coronary heart disease, which can lead to heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (e.g., stroke), and hypertension (high blood pressure). [NIH] Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes. [NIH] Catecholamine: A group of chemical substances manufactured by the adrenal medulla and secreted during physiological stress. [NIH]

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Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from intubation in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions. [NIH] Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist that may act as a partial agonist at some adrenergic sites. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebrospinal: Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord. [EU] Cerebrospinal fluid: CSF. The fluid flowing around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles in the brain. [NIH] Cerebrovascular: Pertaining to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, or brain. [EU] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Character: In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic renal: Slow and progressive loss of kidney function over several years, often resulting in end-stage renal disease. People with end-stage renal disease need dialysis or transplantation to replace the work of the kidneys. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials

Dictionary 85

including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conduction: The transfer of sound waves, heat, nervous impulses, or electricity. [EU] Confusion: A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. [NIH] Constitutional: 1. Affecting the whole constitution of the body; not local. 2. Pertaining to the constitution. [EU] Constriction: The act of constricting. [NIH] Contractility: Capacity for becoming short in response to a suitable stimulus. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contrast medium: A substance that is introduced into or around a structure and, because of the difference in absorption of x-rays by the contrast medium and the surrounding tissues, allows radiographic visualization of the structure. [EU] Controlled study: An experiment or clinical trial that includes a comparison (control) group. [NIH]

Convulsions: A general term referring to sudden and often violent motor activity of cerebral or brainstem origin. Convulsions may also occur in the absence of an electrical cerebral discharge (e.g., in response to hypotension). [NIH] Coordination: Muscular or motor regulation or the harmonious cooperation of muscles or groups of muscles, in a complex action or series of actions. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the coronary vessels of the heart. [NIH]

Coronary heart disease: A type of heart disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart, which needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients carried

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by the blood in the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become narrowed or clogged by fat and cholesterol deposits and cannot supply enough blood to the heart, CHD results. [NIH] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Decarboxylation: The removal of a carboxyl group, usually in the form of carbon dioxide, from a chemical compound. [NIH] Diabetes Insipidus: A metabolic disorder due to disorders in the production or release of vasopressin. It is characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of low specific gravity urine and great thirst. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Dialyzer: A part of the hemodialysis machine. (See hemodialysis under dialysis.) The dialyzer has two sections separated by a membrane. One section holds dialysate. The other holds the patient's blood. [NIH] Diastole: Period of relaxation of the heart, especially the ventricles. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Digitalis: A genus of toxic herbaceous Eurasian plants of the Scrophulaceae which yield cardiotonic glycosides. The most useful are Digitalis lanata and D. purpurea. [NIH] Dilator: A device used to stretch or enlarge an opening. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Disposition: A tendency either physical or mental toward certain diseases. [EU] Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Diuretic: A drug that increases the production of urine. [NIH] Dopamine: An endogenous catecholamine and prominent neurotransmitter in several systems of the brain. In the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine, it is the immediate precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of dopaminergic receptor subtypes mediate its action. Dopamine is used pharmacologically for its direct (beta adrenergic agonist) and indirect (adrenergic releasing) sympathomimetic effects including its actions as an inotropic agent and as a renal vasodilator. [NIH] Double-blind: Pertaining to a clinical trial or other experiment in which neither the subject nor the person administering treatment knows which treatment any particular subject is receiving. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Drug Tolerance: Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated

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from drug resistance wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from maximum tolerated dose and no-observed-adverse-effect level. [NIH] Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic. [NIH] Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Emergency Treatment: First aid or other immediate intervention for accidents or medical conditions requiring immediate care and treatment before definitive medical and surgical management can be procured. [NIH] Endocrine Glands: Ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. [NIH] Endogenous: Produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. [NIH] Endotracheal intubation: Insertion of an airtube into the windpipe. [NIH] End-stage renal: Total chronic kidney failure. When the kidneys fail, the body retains fluid and harmful wastes build up. A person with ESRD needs treatment to replace the work of the failed kidneys. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Epinephrine: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Excitability: Property of a cardiac cell whereby, when the cell is depolarized to a critical level (called threshold), the membrane becomes permeable and a regenerative inward current causes an action potential. [NIH]

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Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity, more strenuous than at rest, which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used. The intensity of exercise is often graded, using criteria such as rate of work done, oxygen consumption, and heart rate. Physiological data obtained from an exercise test may be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of disease severity, and to evaluate therapy. Data may also be used in prescribing exercise by determining a person's exercise capacity. [NIH] Exercise Tolerance: The exercise capacity of an individual as measured by endurance (maximal exercise duration and/or maximal attained work load) during an exercise test. [NIH]

Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. [NIH] Extracellular Space: Interstitial space between cells, occupied by fluid as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. [NIH] Extracorporeal: Situated or occurring outside the body. [EU] Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Examples of its use are to assist victims of smoke inhalation injury, respiratory failure, and cardiac failure. [NIH] Extrapyramidal: Outside of the pyramidal tracts. [EU] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatty acids: A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. [NIH] Femoral: Pertaining to the femur, or to the thigh. [EU] Femoral Artery: The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. [NIH] Flutter: A rapid vibration or pulsation. [EU] Forearm: The part between the elbow and the wrist. [NIH] Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Ganglia: Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

General practitioner: A medical practitioner who does not specialize in a particular branch

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of medicine or limit his practice to a specific class of diseases. [NIH] Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glomerular: Pertaining to or of the nature of a glomerulus, especially a renal glomerulus. [EU]

Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Gravis: Eruption of watery blisters on the skin among those handling animals and animal products. [NIH] Half-Life: The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity. [NIH] Haptens: Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response. [NIH] Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Heart failure: Loss of pumping ability by the heart, often accompanied by fatigue, breathlessness, and excess fluid accumulation in body tissues. [NIH] Hemodiafiltration: The combination of hemodialysis and hemofiltration either simultaneously or sequentially. Convective transport (hemofiltration) may be better for removal of larger molecular weight substances and diffusive transport (hemodialysis) for smaller molecular weight solutes. [NIH] Hemodialysis: The use of a machine to clean wastes from the blood after the kidneys have failed. The blood travels through tubes to a dialyzer, which removes wastes and extra fluid. The cleaned blood then flows through another set of tubes back into the body. [NIH] Hemodynamics: The movements of the blood and the forces involved in systemic or regional blood circulation. [NIH] Hemofiltration: Extracorporeal ultrafiltration technique without hemodialysis for treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances affecting renal, cardiac, or pulmonary function. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH]

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Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. [NIH] Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hyperthyroidism: Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland. [NIH] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Heart muscle disease that leads to thickening of the heart walls, interfering with the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypoglycaemia: An abnormally diminished concentration of glucose in the blood, which may lead to tremulousness, cold sweat, piloerection, hypothermia, and headache, accompanied by irritability, confusion, hallucinations, bizarre behaviour, and ultimately, convulsions and coma. [EU] Hypotensive: Characterized by or causing diminished tension or pressure, as abnormally low blood pressure. [EU] Hypothermia: Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals; in man usually accidental or unintentional. [NIH] Immunogenic: Producing immunity; evoking an immune response. [EU] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] In situ: In the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighbouring tissues. [EU] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. [NIH] Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Ingestion: Taking into the body by mouth [NIH] Inhalation: The drawing of air or other substances into the lungs. [EU] Initiation: Mutation induced by a chemical reactive substance causing cell changes; being a step in a carcinogenic process. [NIH] Inotropic: Affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions. [EU]

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Insulin: A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [NIH] Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in the development of type I diabetes. [NIH] Intermittent: Occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity. [EU] Intermittent Claudication: A symptom complex characterized by leg pain and weakness brought on by walking, with the disappearance of the symptoms following a brief rest. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intoxication: Poisoning, the state of being poisoned. [EU] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intubation: Introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to restore or maintain patency if obstructed. It is differentiated from catheterization in that the insertion of a catheter is usually performed for the introducing or withdrawing of fluids from the body. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Ischemia: Deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel. [EU] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Kidney Failure: The inability of a kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under conditions of normal loading, or the inability to retain electrolytes under conditions of normal intake. In the acute form (kidney failure, acute), it is marked by uremia and usually by oliguria or anuria, with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema. The chronic form (kidney failure, chronic) is irreversible and requires hemodialysis. [NIH] Kinetics: The study of rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems. [NIH] Labetalol: Blocker of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors that is used as an antihypertensive. [NIH] Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine. [NIH] Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile. [NIH] Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood

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and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Manifest: Being the part or aspect of a phenomenon that is directly observable : concretely expressed in behaviour. [EU] Mediate: Indirect; accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Mefruside: A diuretic that affects the concentrating ability of the kidney, increases sodium chloride excretion, but may not spare potassium. It inhibits carbonic anhydrases and may increase the blood uric acid level. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Menopause: Permanent cessation of menstruation. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Metabolite: Any substance produced by metabolism or by a metabolic process. [EU] Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent. Before its alphaadrenergic actions became clear, methyldopa was thought to act by inhibiting decarboxylation of DOPA leading to depletion of norepinephrine or by conversion to and release as the false transmitter alpha-methylnorepinephrine. [NIH] Metoprolol: Adrenergic beta-1-blocking agent with no stimulatory action. It is less bound to plasma albumin than alprenolol and may be useful in angina pectoris, hypertension, or cardiac arrhythmias. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Motility: The ability to move spontaneously. [EU] Motor Activity: The physical activity of an organism as a behavioral phenomenon. [NIH] Mucins: A secretion containing mucopolysaccharides and protein that is the chief constituent of mucus. [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Multicenter Studies: Controlled studies which are planned and carried out by several cooperating institutions to assess certain variables and outcomes in specific patient populations, for example, a multicenter study of congenital anomalies in children. [NIH] Multicenter study: A clinical trial that is carried out at more than one medical institution. [NIH]

Muzolimine: 3-Amino-1-(3,4-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzyl)- 2-pyrazolin-5-one. A pyrazole

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diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects. [NIH]

Myasthenia: Muscular debility; any constitutional anomaly of muscle. [EU] Myocardial infarction: Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (coronary arteriosclerosis), to obstruction by a thrombus (coronary thrombosis), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (myocardial infarction). [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for migraine and for tremor. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Neurotransmitter: Any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, glycine, y-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins, and serotonin. [EU] Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful antianginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. The use of nifedipine as a tocolytic is being investigated. [NIH] Nitroglycerin: A highly volatile organic nitrate that acts as a dilator of arterial and venous smooth muscle and is used in the treatment of angina. It provides relief through improvement of the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Although total coronary blood flow is not increased, there is redistribution of blood flow in the heart when partial occlusion of coronary circulation is effected. [NIH] Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Oral Surgical Procedures: Procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region. [NIH]

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Overdose: An accidental or deliberate dose of a medication or street drug that is in excess of what is normally used. [NIH] Oxidation: The act of oxidizing or state of being oxidized. Chemically it consists in the increase of positive charges on an atom or the loss of negative charges. Most biological oxidations are accomplished by the removal of a pair of hydrogen atoms (dehydrogenation) from a molecule. Such oxidations must be accompanied by reduction of an acceptor molecule. Univalent o. indicates loss of one electron; divalent o., the loss of two electrons. [EU]

Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. [NIH] Oxygenator: An apparatus by which oxygen is introduced into the blood during circulation outside the body, as during open heart surgery. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Paroxysmal: Recurring in paroxysms (= spasms or seizures). [EU] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] Perinatal: Pertaining to or occurring in the period shortly before and after birth; variously defined as beginning with completion of the twentieth to twenty-eighth week of gestation and ending 7 to 28 days after birth. [EU] Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure. [NIH] Peripheral blood: Blood circulating throughout the body. [NIH] Peripheral Nervous System: The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. [NIH] Pharmacodynamic: Is concerned with the response of living tissues to chemical stimuli, that is, the action of drugs on the living organism in the absence of disease. [NIH] Pharmacokinetic: The mathematical analysis of the time courses of absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age.

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[NIH]

Piloerection: Involuntary erection or bristling of hairs. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Pneumonitis: A disease caused by inhaling a wide variety of substances such as dusts and molds. Also called "farmer's disease". [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Potassium: An element that is in the alkali group of metals. It has an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Practolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. [NIH] Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy, and urinary retention. [NIH] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol is used in the treatment or prevention of many disorders including acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, angina pectoris, hypertension, hypertensive emergencies, hyperthyroidism, migraine, pheochromocytoma, menopause, and anxiety. [NIH] Prostaglandins: A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes. [NIH]

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Prostaglandins A: (13E,15S)-15-Hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-10,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGA(1)); (5Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13-trien-1-oic acid (PGA(2)); (5Z,13E,15S,17Z)-15hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13,17-tetraen-1-oic acid (PGA(3)). A group of naturally occurring secondary prostaglandins derived from PGE. PGA(1) and PGA(2) as well as their 19hydroxy derivatives are found in many organs and tissues. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteinuria: The presence of protein in the urine, indicating that the kidneys are not working properly. [NIH] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Psychomotor Performance: The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. [NIH] Pulsation: A throb or rhythmical beat, as of the heart. [EU] Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alphaadrenergic neurotransmission. [NIH] Quinine: An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. [NIH] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radioimmunoassay: Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure

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the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Nonimmunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation. [NIH] Radioisotope: An unstable element that releases radiation as it breaks down. Radioisotopes can be used in imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer. [NIH] Radioisotope Renography: Graphic tracing over a time period of radioactivity measured externally over the kidneys following intravenous injection of a radionuclide which is taken up and excreted by the kidneys. [NIH] Radionuclide Angiography: The measurement of visualization by radiation of any organ after a radionuclide has been injected into its blood supply. It is used to diagnose heart, liver, lung, and other diseases and to measure the function of those organs, except renography, for which radioisotope renography is available. [NIH] Radionuclide Ventriculography: Imaging of a ventricle of the heart after the injection of a radioactive contrast medium. The technique is less invasive than cardiac catheterization and is used to assess ventricular function. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Reabsorption: 1. The act or process of absorbing again, as the selective absorption by the kidneys of substances (glucose, proteins, sodium, etc.) already secreted into the renal tubules, and their return to the circulating blood. 2. Resorption. [EU] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Renal failure: Progressive renal insufficiency and uremia, due to irreversible and progressive renal glomerular tubular or interstitial disease. [NIH] Renin: An enzyme which is secreted by the kidney and is formed from prorenin in plasma and kidney. The enzyme cleaves the Leu-Leu bond in angiotensinogen to generate angiotensin I. EC 3.4.23.15. (Formerly EC 3.4.99.19). [NIH] Respiratory failure: Inability of the lungs to conduct gas exchange. [NIH] Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin. [NIH] Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Saralasin: 1-(N-Methylglycine)-5-L-valine-8-L-alanineangiotensin II. An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II. [NIH] Sarcosine: Methylamino-acetic acid. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Seizures: Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal,

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excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or "seizure disorder." [NIH] Sensibility: The ability to receive, feel and appreciate sensations and impressions; the quality of being sensitive; the extend to which a method gives results that are free from false negatives. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Serum Albumin: A major plasma protein that serves in maintaining the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic anions. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Smoke Inhalation Injury: Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Sodium: An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH] Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. [NIH] Solvent: 1. Dissolving; effecting a solution. 2. A liquid that dissolves or that is capable of dissolving; the component of a solution that is present in greater amount. [EU] Sound wave: An alteration of properties of an elastic medium, such as pressure, particle displacement, or density, that propagates through the medium, or a superposition of such alterations. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH]

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Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Supraventricular: Situated or occurring above the ventricles, especially in an atrium or atrioventricular node. [EU] Sweat: The fluid excreted by the sweat glands. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products. [NIH] Sympathetic Nervous System: The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system. [NIH] Sympathomimetic: 1. Mimicking the effects of impulses conveyed by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. 2. An agent that produces effects similar to those of impulses conveyed by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. Called also adrenergic. [EU] Synapse: The region where the processes of two neurons come into close contiguity, and the nervous impulse passes from one to the other; the fibers of the two are intermeshed, but, according to the general view, there is no direct contiguity. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU] Tachycardia: Excessive rapidity in the action of the heart, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute. [NIH] Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic. [NIH]

Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Thyroid Gland: A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body. [NIH] Thyroid Hormones: Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tolerance: 1. The ability to endure unusually large doses of a drug or toxin. 2. Acquired drug tolerance; a decreasing response to repeated constant doses of a drug or the need for

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increasing doses to maintain a constant response. [EU] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxin: A poison; frequently used to refer specifically to a protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals, and pathogenic bacteria, which is highly toxic for other living organisms. Such substances are differentiated from the simple chemical poisons and the vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicity. [EU] Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transmitter: A chemical substance which effects the passage of nerve impulses from one cell to the other at the synapse. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Tremor: Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of cerebellar diseases, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of Parkinson disease. [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Turpentine: The concrete oleoresin obtained from Pinus palustris Mill. (Pinaceae) and other species of Pinus. It contains a volatile oil, to which its properties are due, and to which form it is generally used. (Dorland, 28th ed) Turpentine is used as a solvent and an experimental irritant in biomedical research. Turpentine toxicity is of medical interest. [NIH] Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from phenylalanine. It is also the precursor of epinephrine, thyroid hormones, and melanin. [NIH] Ultrafiltration: The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in dialysis separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration (if combined with hemodialysis). [NIH] Uremia: The illness associated with the buildup of urea in the blood because the kidneys are not working effectively. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, and mental confusion. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Uric: A kidney stone that may result from a diet high in animal protein. When the body breaks down this protein, uric acid levels rise and can form stones. [NIH]

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Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urinary Retention: Inability to urinate. The etiology of this disorder includes obstructive, neurogenic, pharmacologic, and psychogenic causes. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. [NIH]

Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vascular Resistance: An expression of the resistance offered by the systemic arterioles, and to a lesser extent by the capillaries, to the flow of blood. [NIH] Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood vessel. [NIH] Vasodilator: An agent that widens blood vessels. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Ventricular Dysfunction: A condition in which the ventricles of the heart exhibit a decreased functionality. [NIH] Ventricular Function: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the ventricles. [NIH]

Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Windpipe: A rigid tube, 10 cm long, extending from the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra. [NIH]

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INDEX A Acebutolol Hydrochloride, 33, 37, 79 Adenosine, 79, 80 Adrenal Cortex, 79, 80 Adrenal Medulla, 79, 83, 87, 93 Adverse Effect, 10, 79, 98 Affinity, 79, 98 Age Groups, 31, 79 Aged, 80 and Over, 79 Agonist, 12, 79, 84, 86, 92, 99 Airway, 18, 79, 83 Airway Obstruction, 18, 79 Alanine, 79, 97 Albumin, 79, 92 Aldosterone, 11, 80 Algorithms, 80, 82 Alkaloid, 80, 96 Alpha-1, 80, 95 Alprenolol, 80, 92 Alternative medicine, 54, 80 Amino Acid Sequence, 80, 81 Amino Acids, 80, 81, 94, 96, 97 Amiodarone, 15, 80 Anaesthesia, 6, 17, 39, 80 Analog, 80, 97 Anatomical, 80, 82, 90 Anesthesia, 79, 80, 95 Angina, 6, 7, 10, 12, 18, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 80, 81, 82, 92, 93, 94, 95 Angina Pectoris, 6, 7, 10, 18, 23, 25, 28, 31, 80, 82, 92, 93, 94, 95 Anginal, 80, 81, 93 Angiotensinogen, 81, 97 Anomalies, 81, 92 Antianginal, 21, 22, 80, 81, 94 Antiarrhythmic, 13, 21, 80, 81 Antibodies, 14, 22, 38, 81, 89, 95 Antibody, 12, 32, 79, 81, 84, 89, 96 Antigen, 79, 81, 84, 90, 96 Antihypertensive, 13, 21, 22, 26, 31, 39, 80, 81, 90, 91, 92, 94 Anti-inflammatory, 81, 90 Antioxidant, 16, 81 Anxiety, 14, 81, 94, 95 Aorta, 81, 83, 101 Arterial, 7, 20, 31, 43, 81, 90, 93, 96, 99 Arteries, 81, 82, 83, 85, 93 Artery, 6, 17, 24, 28, 39, 41, 42, 81, 86, 88

Assay, 27, 29, 38, 81, 96 Atenolol, 10, 14, 15, 17, 20, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 43, 81 Atrial, 14, 24, 35, 80, 81 Atrial Fibrillation, 35, 81 Atrioventricular, 25, 81, 99 Atrioventricular Node, 81, 99 Atrium, 81, 82, 83, 99, 101 Autacoids, 82, 90 Autonomic Nervous System, 82, 94, 99 B Base, 82, 91 Basement Membrane, 82, 88 Beta blocker, 31, 79, 82 Bile, 82, 88, 92 Bile duct, 82 Biliary, 39, 82 Bioavailability, 17, 33, 39, 82 Biosynthesis, 46, 82 Biotechnology, 3, 54, 63, 82 Bisoprolol, 17, 18, 24, 82 Bladder, 82, 100, 101 Blood Glucose, 40, 82, 91 Blood pressure, 17, 21, 22, 24, 26, 41, 42, 81, 82, 83, 90, 93, 98 Blood vessel, 82, 83, 84, 91, 94, 98, 99, 101 Body Fluids, 83, 98 Bolus, 34, 83 Bolus infusion, 83 Bronchial, 15, 79, 83 Bronchodilator, 83, 99 Bronchus, 17, 83 Buccal, 42, 83, 92 Bupivacaine, 83, 91 Bypass, 35, 83 C Calcium, 83, 84, 93, 101 Carcinogenic, 83, 90 Cardiac, 8, 15, 16, 36, 39, 79, 81, 83, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97 Cardiac catheterization, 83, 97 Cardiomyopathy, 83 Cardiopulmonary, 6, 83 Cardiopulmonary Bypass, 6, 83 Cardioselective, 13, 15, 21, 36, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 95 Cardiotonic, 83, 86

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Cardiovascular, 4, 11, 12, 15, 16, 22, 24, 26, 28, 33, 37, 39, 41, 83, 88, 93 Cardiovascular disease, 83, 93 Carrier Proteins, 83, 97 Catecholamine, 43, 83, 86 Catheter, 84, 91 Catheterization, 84, 91 Celiprolol, 21, 50, 84 Cell, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 100, 101 Cerebral, 22, 40, 84, 85, 87 Cerebrospinal, 42, 84 Cerebrospinal fluid, 42, 84 Cerebrovascular, 18, 83, 84 Cerebrum, 84 Character, 80, 84 Cholesterol, 40, 82, 84, 86 Chronic, 9, 12, 16, 17, 19, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 35, 39, 84, 86, 87, 91 Chronic renal, 35, 84 Clinical trial, 3, 17, 23, 63, 84, 85, 86, 92, 96, 97 Cloning, 82, 84 Complement, 84, 85 Complementary and alternative medicine, 49, 51, 85 Complementary medicine, 49, 85 Computational Biology, 63, 85 Conduction, 39, 81, 85 Confusion, 85, 90, 100 Constitutional, 85, 93 Constriction, 85, 91 Contractility, 39, 85 Contraindications, ii, 85 Contrast medium, 85, 97 Controlled study, 21, 85 Convulsions, 85, 90 Coordination, 85, 96 Coronary, 6, 14, 17, 24, 28, 35, 39, 41, 42, 81, 83, 85, 86, 93 Coronary Circulation, 81, 85, 93 Coronary heart disease, 14, 83, 85 Coronary Thrombosis, 86, 93 Curative, 86, 99 Cutaneous, 22, 86, 92 D Decarboxylation, 86, 92 Diabetes Insipidus, 86, 90 Diagnostic procedure, 54, 86 Dialyzer, 86, 89 Diastole, 86 Diastolic, 12, 86, 90

Diffusion, 86, 100 Digestion, 82, 86, 92 Digitalis, 24, 86 Dilator, 86, 93 Direct, iii, 57, 86, 90, 96, 97, 99 Disposition, 7, 23, 31, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 86 Distal, 41, 86, 96 Diuretic, 5, 31, 43, 86, 90, 92, 93 Dopamine, 13, 86, 93 Double-blind, 5, 8, 10, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 32, 37, 86 Drug Interactions, 58, 86 Drug Tolerance, 86, 99 E Echocardiography, 25, 87 Ectopic, 37, 87 Edema, 87, 90, 91 Efficacy, 7, 10, 14, 20, 21, 27, 31, 41, 87 Electrolyte, 17, 80, 87, 89, 95, 98 Electrons, 81, 82, 87, 91, 94, 96 Emergency Treatment, 87, 95 Endocrine Glands, 87 Endogenous, 86, 87 Endotracheal intubation, 4, 87 End-stage renal, 84, 87 Environmental Health, 62, 64, 87 Enzymatic, 25, 83, 85, 87 Enzyme, 87, 90, 94, 97, 101 Epinephrine, 79, 86, 87, 93, 100 Epithelial, 50, 87 Epithelial Cells, 87 Epithelium, 49, 82, 87 Excitability, 87, 96 Exercise Test, 88 Exercise Tolerance, 26, 88 Extracellular, 46, 88, 98 Extracellular Matrix, 46, 88 Extracellular Space, 88 Extracorporeal, 9, 88, 89 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, 9, 88 Extrapyramidal, 86, 88 F Family Planning, 63, 88 Fat, 86, 88, 91 Fatty acids, 14, 80, 88, 95 Femoral, 83, 88 Femoral Artery, 83, 88 Flutter, 35, 88 Forearm, 41, 82, 88 Free Radicals, 81, 88

105

G Gallbladder, 82, 88 Ganglia, 88, 94, 99 Gene, 82, 88 General practitioner, 43, 88 Gestation, 89, 94 Gland, 79, 89, 94, 97, 98, 99 Glomerular, 89, 97 Glucose, 28, 82, 89, 90, 91, 97 Glycoprotein, 49, 50, 89 Governing Board, 89, 95 Grafting, 35, 89 Gravis, 28, 89 H Half-Life, 89, 93 Haptens, 79, 89, 97 Headache, 5, 89, 90 Heart failure, 89, 94, 95 Hemodiafiltration, 89, 100 Hemodialysis, 9, 86, 89, 91, 100 Hemodynamics, 11, 18, 22, 23, 26, 39, 89 Hemofiltration, 89, 100 Hemorrhage, 89, 98 Hormonal, 21, 29, 89 Hormone, 80, 87, 89, 91, 99 Hydralazine, 40, 90 Hydrochlorothiazide, 5, 6, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 26, 31, 33, 41, 43, 90 Hypersensitivity, 9, 10, 90 Hyperthyroidism, 50, 90, 95 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 28, 90 Hypertrophy, 37, 90, 95 Hypoglycaemia, 10, 20, 90 Hypotensive, 18, 90 Hypothermia, 90 I Immunogenic, 90, 97 Impairment, 9, 34, 90 In situ, 34, 90 In vitro, 46, 90 In vivo, 90 Indomethacin, 15, 16, 90 Infant, Newborn, 79, 90 Infarction, 90 Infusion, 44, 90 Ingestion, 90, 95 Inhalation, 90, 95 Initiation, 28, 90 Inotropic, 81, 86, 90 Insulin, 14, 20, 40, 91 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 91 Intermittent, 41, 91

Intermittent Claudication, 41, 91 Interstitial, 88, 91, 97 Intestinal, 49, 50, 91 Intestines, 91 Intoxication, 4, 91 Intracellular, 91, 95 Intravenous, 7, 16, 18, 24, 30, 34, 41, 90, 91, 97 Intubation, 39, 84, 91 Invasive, 91, 97 Ions, 82, 87, 91 Ischemia, 17, 91 K Kb, 62, 91 Kidney Failure, 87, 91, 93 Kinetics, 30, 36, 91 L Labetalol, 4, 15, 18, 19, 38, 39, 91 Lidocaine, 4, 91 Ligaments, 85, 91 Lipid, 7, 25, 28, 36, 91 Liver, 30, 31, 80, 82, 88, 91, 97 Lupus, 5, 11, 68, 92 Lymphoid, 81, 92 M Manifest, 25, 92 Mediate, 86, 92 MEDLINE, 63, 92 Mefruside, 25, 92 Membrane, 12, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 96 Menopause, 92, 95 Mental, iv, 3, 62, 64, 85, 86, 92, 100 Metabolite, 9, 20, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 42, 92 Methyldopa, 4, 6, 92 Metoprolol, 14, 20, 21, 26, 37, 40, 41, 44, 92 Microbe, 92, 100 Molecular, 63, 65, 82, 85, 89, 92, 100 Molecule, 81, 82, 84, 92, 94, 97 Mononuclear, 10, 92 Motility, 90, 92 Motor Activity, 85, 92, 96 Mucins, 92, 97 Mucosa, 92 Multicenter Studies, 8, 92 Multicenter study, 10, 92 Muzolimine, 19, 92 Myasthenia, 28, 93 Myocardial infarction, 15, 16, 27, 28, 30, 33, 36, 37, 86, 93, 95 Myocardial Ischemia, 80, 93 Myocardium, 81, 93

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Acebutolol

N Nadolol, 40, 93 Necrosis, 90, 93 Neurons, 88, 93, 99 Neurotransmitter, 79, 86, 93, 99 Nifedipine, 7, 12, 17, 25, 26, 27, 30, 32, 37, 41, 93 Nitroglycerin, 40, 93 Norepinephrine, 79, 86, 92, 93 Nucleus, 82, 92, 93 O Oral Surgical Procedures, 4, 39, 93 Overdose, 9, 38, 94 Oxidation, 81, 94 Oxprenolol, 18, 39, 41, 94 Oxygenator, 83, 88, 94 P Palliative, 94, 99 Pancreas, 91, 94 Paroxysmal, 25, 80, 94 Pathologic, 85, 90, 94 Penbutolol, 18, 94 Peptide, 14, 94, 96 Perfusion, 37, 94 Perinatal, 30, 94 Perindopril, 22, 94 Peripheral blood, 30, 94 Peripheral Nervous System, 92, 93, 94, 99 Pharmacodynamic, 4, 94 Pharmacokinetic, 4, 5, 50, 94 Pharmacologic, 12, 80, 82, 89, 94, 100, 101 Physiologic, 79, 82, 89, 94, 97, 100 Piloerection, 90, 95 Plants, 80, 86, 89, 93, 95, 100 Plasma cells, 81, 95 Pneumonia, 15, 85, 95 Pneumonitis, 9, 10, 95 Poisoning, 38, 43, 91, 95 Potassium, 25, 30, 80, 90, 92, 95, 96 Practice Guidelines, 64, 95 Practolol, 11, 14, 15, 18, 22, 30, 34, 95 Prazosin, 15, 95 Precursor, 81, 86, 87, 93, 95, 100, 101 Procaine, 91, 95 Progressive, 84, 86, 93, 95, 97 Prophylaxis, 5, 95 Prostaglandins, 90, 95, 96 Prostaglandins A, 90, 96 Protein S, 82, 96 Proteins, 80, 81, 83, 84, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 Proteinuria, 15, 96 Protocol, 27, 96

Proximal, 86, 96 Psychomotor Performance, 20, 96 Public Policy, 63, 96 Pulmonary, 15, 35, 36, 82, 88, 89, 91, 96, 98, 101 Pulmonary Artery, 82, 96, 101 Pulsation, 88, 96 Q Quinidine, 20, 44, 79, 96 Quinine, 96 R Race, 26, 96 Radiation, 68, 80, 88, 96, 97 Radioactive, 89, 96, 97 Radioimmunoassay, 6, 96 Radioisotope, 97 Radioisotope Renography, 97 Radionuclide Angiography, 7, 97 Radionuclide Ventriculography, 18, 41, 97 Randomized, 6, 10, 19, 21, 25, 27, 37, 87, 97 Reabsorption, 90, 97 Receptor, 13, 17, 24, 29, 33, 81, 86, 97 Refer, 1, 83, 84, 97, 100 Regimen, 87, 97 Renal failure, 9, 34, 97 Renin, 11, 13, 14, 44, 81, 97 Respiratory failure, 88, 97 S Saliva, 9, 42, 97 Salivary, 97 Salivary glands, 97 Saralasin, 44, 97 Sarcosine, 97 Screening, 50, 84, 97 Secretion, 49, 50, 91, 92, 97 Seizures, 94, 97 Sensibility, 80, 98 Serum, 4, 16, 19, 23, 25, 27, 30, 40, 80, 84, 97, 98 Serum Albumin, 97, 98 Side effect, 43, 57, 79, 98, 100 Skeletal, 96, 98 Smoke Inhalation Injury, 88, 98 Smooth muscle, 82, 83, 93, 98, 99 Sodium, 11, 80, 90, 92, 96, 97, 98, 99 Sodium Bicarbonate, 11, 98 Solvent, 98, 100 Sound wave, 85, 98 Specialist, 69, 98 Species, 87, 96, 98, 100, 101 Spinal cord, 84, 94, 98, 99 Stimulus, 85, 98, 99

107

Stress, 40, 82, 83, 98 Stroke, 62, 68, 83, 98 Substance P, 92, 97, 99 Suppression, 38, 42, 99 Supraventricular, 8, 24, 99 Sweat, 90, 99 Sympathetic Nervous System, 13, 82, 99 Sympathomimetic, 39, 79, 86, 87, 93, 99 Synapse, 79, 99, 100 Systemic, 11, 20, 23, 32, 39, 58, 81, 82, 87, 89, 98, 99, 101 Systolic, 12, 90, 99 T Tachycardia, 11, 25, 40, 99 Terbutaline, 44, 99 Therapeutics, 6, 7, 8, 11, 16, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 32, 58, 99 Threshold, 87, 90, 99 Thrombosis, 96, 98, 99 Thyroid, 19, 41, 90, 99, 100 Thyroid Gland, 90, 99 Thyroid Hormones, 19, 41, 99, 100 Tissue, 79, 81, 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101 Tolerance, 27, 31, 99 Topical, 98, 100 Toxic, iv, 86, 98, 100 Toxicity, 29, 86, 100 Toxicology, 4, 11, 43, 64, 100 Toxin, 99, 100 Trachea, 83, 99, 100 Transfection, 82, 100 Transmitter, 86, 92, 93, 100 Transplantation, 84, 100

Tremor, 93, 100 Tuberculosis, 92, 100 Turpentine, 50, 100 Tyrosine, 86, 100 U Ultrafiltration, 50, 89, 100 Uremia, 91, 97, 100 Urethra, 100, 101 Uric, 92, 100 Urinary, 26, 27, 42, 43, 95, 101 Urinary Retention, 95, 101 Urine, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 82, 86, 96, 100, 101 V Vaccine, 96, 101 Valine, 97, 101 Vascular, 46, 80, 90, 99, 101 Vascular Resistance, 80, 101 Vasculitis, 22, 101 Vasodilator, 86, 90, 93, 101 Vein, 91, 101 Venous, 93, 96, 101 Ventricle, 81, 96, 97, 99, 101 Ventricular, 7, 10, 11, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 44, 80, 97, 101 Ventricular Dysfunction, 17, 101 Ventricular Function, 7, 40, 97, 101 Verapamil, 44, 49, 101 Veterinary Medicine, 63, 101 Virulence, 100, 101 Vitro, 101 W White blood cell, 81, 92, 95, 101 Windpipe, 83, 87, 99, 101

108

Acebutolol

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