Abortion - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

ABORTION A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES J AMES N. P ...

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ABORTION A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Abortion: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83545-4 1. Abortion-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on abortion. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ABORTION ................................................................................................ 3 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 3 The Combined Health Information Database ................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Abortion........................................................................................ 8 E-Journals: PubMed Central ....................................................................................................... 11 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ABORTION .................................................................................... 161 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 161 Finding Nutrition Studies on Abortion .................................................................................... 161 Federal Resources on Nutrition................................................................................................. 166 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 167 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ABORTION .............................................................. 169 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 169 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ............................................... 169 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 184 General References..................................................................................................................... 188 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ABORTION ................................................................................ 189 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 189 Dissertations on Abortion ......................................................................................................... 189 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 209 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ABORTION ........................................................................... 211 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 211 Recent Trials on Abortion ......................................................................................................... 211 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ........................................................................................... 213 CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON ABORTION ........................................................................................... 215 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 215 Patents on Abortion................................................................................................................... 215 Patent Applications on Abortion............................................................................................... 220 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 222 CHAPTER 7. BOOKS ON ABORTION .............................................................................................. 223 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 223 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies ........................................................................................... 223 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers ........................................................................................ 226 The National Library of Medicine Book Index........................................................................... 248 Chapters on Abortion ................................................................................................................ 250 CHAPTER 8. MULTIMEDIA ON ABORTION .................................................................................... 251 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 251 Video Recordings....................................................................................................................... 251 Audio Recordings ...................................................................................................................... 252 Bibliography: Multimedia on Abortion ..................................................................................... 252 CHAPTER 9. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ABORTION ................................................................. 255 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 255 News Services and Press Releases ............................................................................................. 255 Newsletter Articles .................................................................................................................... 260 Academic Periodicals covering Abortion................................................................................... 262 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 265 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 265 NIH Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 265 NIH Databases .......................................................................................................................... 267 Other Commercial Databases .................................................................................................... 271

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Contents APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ...............................................................................................273 Overview ....................................................................................................................................273 Patient Guideline Sources ..........................................................................................................273 Finding Associations ..................................................................................................................279 APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................281 Overview ....................................................................................................................................281 U.S. Pharmacopeia .....................................................................................................................281 Commercial Databases ...............................................................................................................282 APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................285 Overview ....................................................................................................................................285 Preparation.................................................................................................................................285 Finding a Local Medical Library ................................................................................................285 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada .................................................................................285

ONLINE GLOSSARIES ................................................................................................................291 Online Dictionary Directories ...................................................................................................294 ABORTION DICTIONARY .........................................................................................................295 INDEX...............................................................................................................................................343

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with abortion is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about abortion, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to abortion, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on abortion. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to abortion, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on abortion. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ABORTION Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on abortion.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and abortion, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Selective Abortion for Familial Alzheimer's Disease? Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 79(5, pt.1): 794-798. May 1992. Summary: This journal article provides a framework for deciding whether to terminate a pregnancy on the basis of prenatal detection of genetic disorders. Familial Alzheimer's disease is used as a model for the analysis of ethical issues related to selective abortion decisions. First, the authors consider general issues of disorder severity that may influence decision making. Severity is discussed in terms of its meaning for the child and for the parents. The impact on health, age at onset of the genetic condition, and the probability that the genes will influence health are explored as three aspects of genetic diseases that may influence parental definitions of severity. Secondly, the authors discuss Familial Alzheimer's disease as an example of a particularly severe condition that may soon become genetically testable. The discussion focuses on consideration of

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the late onset of the disease, which may allow decades of unimpaired life before illness occurs. 26 references. •

Prevention of Spontaneous Abortion in Diabetic Pregnancies Source: Research Resources Reporter. 14(11): 4-5. November 1990. Summary: This article discusses research aimed at preventing spontaneous abortion in pregnant women with diabetes. Research shows that very good glycemic control in early pregnancy can reduce the rate of spontaneous abortions and will probably reduce the number of birth defects as well. The author discusses two research studies in detail and includes information about the types of problems associated with diabetes and pregnancy. The researchers maintain that identifying the exact mechanisms of malformation and spontaneous abortion in insulin-dependent women with diabetes will help more of them achieve successful pregnancies and bear healthy children. 6 references.

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Exposure to Environmental and Mainstream Tobacco Smoke and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 149(3):243-247, 1999. Summary: Researchers examined the risk of spontaneous abortion from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in a prospective study of over 5,000 women conducted in California between 1990 and 1991. Women were recruited from a large prepaid health plan when they called to make their first prenatal appointment. Most of the consumption questions on the interview were asked for two time periods: the week before the interview and the week at last menstrual period. This prospective study found little evidence for an association of spontaneous abortion with ETS exposure, except among women who also consumed alcohol or caffeine in moderate to high amounts. The increase in risk noted that active maternal smoking is consistent with previous reports. Women who consume alcohol or caffeine may be more susceptible to further risks from ETS than other women. However, effect modification of alcohol and caffeine on the relation with smoking was not seen clearly in this study. Among nonsmokers, there was little association by hours of ETS exposure at home or work or by paternal smoking. 1 figure, 5 tables, 18 references.

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Cocaine and Tobacco Use and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion Source: New England Journal of Medicine. 340(5):333-339, February 4, 1999. Summary: Using a case control study, researchers compared drug use during pregnancy among inner city adolescents and women who had spontaneous abortions, and adolescents and women who remained pregnant after 22 weeks' gestation. Most of the participants were black, were receiving public assistance, and had no more than a high school education. The mean duration of gestation at enrollment was about 10 weeks, and approximately three-quarters of the participants were 12 weeks pregnant or less. Those who had spontaneous abortions were less likely to have sought prenatal care and to be living with the father of the child than those who did not have spontaneous abortions. Among those who had spontaneous abortions, 28.9 percent used cocaine on the basis of hair analysis and 34.6 percent smoked on the basis of a urine cotinine assay, as compared with 20.5 percent and 21.8 percent, respectively, of the adolescents and women who did not have spontaneous abortions. The presence of cocaine in hair samples was independently associated with an increase in the occurrence of spontaneous abortion after adjusted for demographic and drug use variables. However,

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the use of cocaine as measured by self-reports and by urine analysis was not. The presence of cotinine in urine was also independently associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Twenty-four percent of the risks of spontaneous abortion could he related to cocaine or tobacco use. The researchers concluded that cocaine use and tobacco use were common in this study population and were associated with a significant risk of spontaneous abortion. 1 figure, 3 tables, 27 references. •

Cocaine, Smoking, and Spontaneous Abortion (Editorial) Source: New England Journal of Medicine. 340(5):380-381, February 4, 1999. Summary: The author discusses the effects of cocaine use and smoking during pregnancy on spontaneous abortion. It focuses on the results of a research study conducted by Ness et al in the same journal issue that investigated maternal cocaine and tobacco use during pregnancy on the risk of spontaneous abortion. The study enrolled pregnant adolescents and women who were seen in an emergency department in order to circumvent the problem of drug users not receiving prenatal care. By assaying urine and hair to assess the subjects' exposure, they avoided the need to use self-reports, which are frequently unreliable. The researchers enrolled a sufficiently large number of subjects (400 who had spontaneous abortions and 570 whose pregnancies continued past 22 weeks' gestation) to enable adjustment for confounding factors. The study reported that based on a positive urine test for cotinine, cigarette smoking was associated with a significant increase in abortion risk. Although the study subjects would hardly qualify as a representative sample of pregnant women, the author notes, a quarter of the population was using illicit drugs. The study results add weight to the view that cigarette smoking increases the risk of spontaneous abortion. The findings with respect to cocaine use are more difficult to interpret. Women who had a spontaneous abortion were not more likely to have a positive urine test for cocaine than those who did not have a spontaneous abortion, but they were more likely to have a positive hair test. The author concludes that the Ness et al study provides important support for the idea that smoking increases the risk of spontaneous abortion. The new data suggest that the role of cocaine, if any, in causing spontaneous abortion is modest. 6 references.

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Paternal and Maternal Smoking Habits Before Conception and During the First Trimester: Relation to Spontaneous Abortion Source: Annals of Epidemiology. 8(8):520-526, November 1998. Summary: Researchers analyzed data from a hospital-based, case-control study in Italy on risk factors for spontaneous abortion, particularly paternal and maternal smoking before and during the first trimester of pregnancy. They collected data on 782 women admitted for spontaneous abortion within 12 weeks of gestation. Controls were 1,543 women who delivered healthy infants at term. Interviewers collected sociodemographic and behavioral data, including personal smoking habits, smoking habits of their partner, and coffee and alcohol consumption, from both cases and controls. The results showed that women who spontaneously aborted tended to be less educated and more frequently reported a history of previous miscarriages. Women who drank alcohol and coffee during the first trimester of pregnancy were at higher risk of miscarriage. Regarding smoking habits, researchers classified the participants as (1) never smokers, (2) former smokers, (3) smokers only before conception, and (4) smokers before conception and during the first trimester. Compared to nonsmokers, (1) women who smoked only before conception had a higher risk of spontaneous abortion, (2) women who smoked before and during the first trimester had an even higher risk, and (3) women who

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smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day had the highest risk. This increased risk remained after adjustment for potential confounding variables. No association between paternal smoking habits and risk of spontaneous abortion emerged. The researchers concluded that (1) smoking would account for 9.3 percent of cases of spontaneous abortions in the population studied, and (2) the increased risk of spontaneous abortion in women who smoke during pregnancy emphasizes the need to encourage pregnant women to quit smoking. 4 tables, 33 references. •

Risk of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion, Cigarette Smoking, and Genetic Polymorphisms in NAT2 and GSTM1 Source: Epidemiology. 9(6)666-668, November 1998. Summary: Researchers sought to corroborate previous findings that maternal smoking increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, and polymorphic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1) affect metabolism of some mutagens found in tobacco smoke. The study also examined possible effect modification of smoking risk by polymorphic NAT2 and GSTM1. Participants had been part of a casecontrol study of breast cancer from 1986-1991. For this analysis, researchers included only women from the control group. This included Caucasian pre- and postmenopausal women (316 and 494, respectively) age 40-85 years in western New York. Participants provided blood specimens, which were frozen. Researchers genotyped extracted DNA from preserved clots. GSTM1 was evaluated for the presence or absence of alleles. Amplified polymerase chain reaction product for NAT2 was cut with restriction enzymes to identify mutations at C481T, G590A, and G857A, which have been shown to predict 90-95 percent of the slow acetylation phenotype in Caucasians. In 2-hour interviews, women were asked about the outcome of each reported pregnancy before age 40 years. Cases were defined as women who reported two or more spontaneous abortions, regardless of other pregnancy outcomes, and had genetic data available for NAT2 or GSTM1. The control groups comprised women with data on NAT2 or GSTM1 and at least two live births. Participants gave detailed smoking history, including age started, times quit, and amount smoked 2, 10, and 20 years previously. Data analysis indicated that smoking slightly increased risk of spontaneous abortion, but NAT2 and GSTM1 did not. NAT2 or GSTM1 polymorphisms did not appreciably modify smokingrelated risk. 3 tables, 17 references.

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Cigarette Smoking and Spontaneous Abortion of Known Karyotype: Precise Data but Uncertain Inferences Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 141(5):417-427, March 1, 1995. Summary: Researchers drew on a hospital-based case-control study of spontaneous abortions of known chromosomal characteristics to determine whether cigarette smoking is causally related to two processes represented in spontaneous abortions: (1) Toxicity to the conceptus during pregnancy, as indicated by an association with chromosomally normal loss; and (2) the genesis of trisomy. Researchers used data from three phases of a New York City case-control study: 1974 to 1979, 1979 to 1982, and 1982 to 1986. Observations during the first phase showed that cigarette smoking during pregnancy was associated positively with chromosomally normal spontaneous abortion, and both past and current smoking were associated inversely with trisomic loss in women under age 30 and positively in older women. The researchers used data from phases two and three to test the stability of these associations over time and the homogeneity between public and private payment groups. Chromosomally normal spontaneous abortion, defined as involuntary termination of an intrauterine pregnancy

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before 28 weeks of gestation, occurred in 1,388 women in the sample; trisomic fetuses occurred in 557 women; and other chromosomal aberrations occurred in 409 cases. The control group included 4,165 women, matched by payment group and age to the case group, who had registered for prenatal care before 22 weeks of gestation and delivered at 28 weeks or later. Interview results classified women as never smokers, exsmokers, or current smokers at the time of the last menstrual period. Current smokers fell into two categories: (1) Those who smoked 1 to 13 cigarettes per day and (2) those who smoked 14 or more per day. All analyses tested associations of exsmoking and current smoking with type of spontaneous abortion. Later data gave modest support to the prior observation that current smoking was increased among chromosomally normal cases in comparison with controls and with other aberrant cases. For trisomic loss, later data did not support prior observations of associations with maternal age. In summary, smoking is associated with a 20 to 30 percent increase in the odds of chromosomally normal loss. 2 figures, 4 tables, 30 references. •

Induced Abortions, Miscarriages, and Tobacco Smoking as Risk Factors for Secondary Infertility Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 47(1):36-39, February 1993. Summary: Researchers conducted a case-control study to determine whether induced abortions could increase the risk of secondary infertility. Cases included 84 women consecutively admitted to the Alexandra Maternity Hospital in Athens, Greece, from 1987 to 1988. An additional 168 pregnant controls participated. The cases were individually selected to two controls from the maternity clinics of the same hospital, matched for age, gravidity, and level of education. Cases and controls were interviewed in person and in symmetry, and questionnaires covered demographic, socioeconomic, and medical data; contraceptive practices; and detailed reproductive histories by order of pregnancy. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Only eight cases (no controls) reported a previous ectopic pregnancy, which increases the risk of secondary infertility. The occurrence of either induced abortions or spontaneous abortions independently and significantly increased the risk of subsequent development of secondary infertility. The logistic regression adjusted relative risks for secondary infertility were 2:1 when there was one previous induced abortion and 2:3 when there were two previous induced abortions. Induced abortion may increase the risk of secondary, particularly in women with subfertility reflected in the occurrence of repeated miscarriages. Smoking also significantly increased the risk of secondary infertility at the adjusted relative risk being 3:0. 7 tables, 18 references.

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Cigarette, Alcohol, and Coffee Consumption and Spontaneous Abortion Source: American Journal of Public Health. 82(1):85-87, January 1992. Summary: Researchers in Canada analyzed data from a survey of occupational factors and pregnancy outcome to examine the effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption on pregnancy outcome. Subjects were all women who had delivery or a spontaneous abortion in 11 Montreal hospitals during 1982-1984. The 35,848 subjects completed interviews that asked for information about occupational, personal, and social factors for all recently completed and previous pregnancies. For each pregnancy, an inquiry was made about coffee, alcohol, and cigarette consumption during the first trimester. The number of cigarettes and cups of coffee per day and drinks of each type per week were recorded. In calculating alcohol consumption, one and a half glasses of wine were taken as equivalent to a glass of beer or measure of spirits. All previous pregnancies were included in the data collection, but induced

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abortions were excluded. Researchers controlled for possible confounding by maternal age, educational level, ethnic group, and employment. Data analysis indicated that there were clear and statistically significant associations between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and spontaneous abortion. There was a weaker but statistically significant association with coffee consumption. If the associations were causal, 11 percent of the spontaneous abortions could be attributed to cigarette smoking, 5 percent to alcohol consumption, and 2 percent to coffee consumption. 2 tables, 15 references. •

Parental Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 135(12):1394-1403, June 15, 1992. Summary: Using data from a large case-control study, researchers determined the risk of spontaneous abortion due to maternal and paternal smoking and maternal passive smoke exposure. Cases were defined as women over age 18 who had spontaneous abortion by 20 weeks gestation for which a pathology specimen was submitted to one of 11 hospitals in the study. Controls were randomly selected from residents who gave birth to a live infant, frequency matched to cases by date of last menstrual period and hospital. Of the participants, 626 were cases and 1,300 were controls. Researchers questioned participants about their occupational exposure to solvents and a variety of lifestyle factors including maternal cigarette smoking, maternal passive exposure to smoke, paternal smoking, and paternal occupational exposure to solvents. Categories of smokers consisted of (1) light (1-10 cigarettes per day), (2) moderate (11-20 cigarettes per day), and (3) heavy (greater than 20 cigarettes per day). Results showed that heavy and moderate smokers had a slightly elevated odds ratio of 1.3 which was close to unity after adjustment for covariates. Paternal smoking showed a slight crude elevation for moderate and heavy smoking, but no association after adjustment. In contrast, maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke for 1 hour or more per day, was associated with spontaneous abortion even after adjustment. For both maternal direct and environmental exposure, the association appeared to be stronger in second trimester abortions. Although no association was found between smoking and spontaneous abortion, the researchers do not suggest that it is safe to smoke during pregnancy because of the well-documented associations with other adverse outcomes. These researchers support future studies examining the associations between spontaneous abortion and amount of environmental smoke exposure. 5 tables, 32 references.

Federally Funded Research on Abortion The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to abortion. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to abortion. 2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore abortion. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for abortion: •

Project Title: INDUCED ABORTION AND BREAST CANCER RISK Principal Investigator & Institution: Li, De-Kun K. Investigator; Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 1800 Harrison St, 16Th Fl Oakland, Ca 94612 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-AUG-1998; Project End 1-MAY-2003 Summary: (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Induced abortion has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, but only a small number of wellconducted studies have reported on the relationship. A key challenge to the findings reported in those studies concerns the possible inaccuracy of self-reported information on induced abortion: Breast cancer cases may have been more willing than women without a life-threatening illness to report their history of abortion, resulting in spurious, positive findings. We propose a population-based case- control study to examine the relationship. To increase the accuracy of information on induced abortion, the study will be conducted in Shanghai, China, where induced abortion is not stigmatized and where family planning records document reproductive history. All women aged 54 years and younger, newly diagnosed with breast cancer during 1997 through mid-1999 and resident in Shanghai, will be identified through the populationbased Shanghai Cancer Registry. The same number of age- matched controls will be randomly selected from the population of the geographic area. Approximately 1,470 cases and 1,470 controls will be interviewed to ascertain the number, timing, and outcome of all pregnancies; other reproductive, menstrual, and contraceptive characteristics; family history of breast cancer; and other risk factors for breast cancer. In addition, we will abstract the reproductive records dept for each participant by the Family Planning Committee. They contain a detailed history of each pregnancy and will be used to enhance the accuracy of the information on induced abortion. Medical records will be requested to obtain information on a history of benign breast disease and use of breast-cancer screening services. The association of induced and spontaneous abortion with breast cancer risk will be examined in relation to age at abortion, parity, and timing of the abortion (before and after first full-term pregnancy, interval to next full-term pregnancy, gestational age.) Should a relationship with induced abortion be found, it will be possible to provide women who are contemplating abortion better information on the possible risks of the procedure in relation to age, parity, and timing of the procedure. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: VIOLENCE AND SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN INNER CITY WOMEN Principal Investigator & Institution: Nelson, Deborah B. Medicine; University of Pennsylvania 3451 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa 19104 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 5-SEP-1998; Project End 0-NOV-2003 Summary: (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract) Spontaneous abortion (SAB) is the most common adverse outcome of pregnancy, and violence may be the most prevalent reproductive risk factor among urban, low-income women. The specific aims of this application are to : 1) characterize the prevalence and type of violence experienced by women early in pregnancy; 2) evaluate whether violence during pregnancy is an

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important independent risk factor for SAB; 3) evaluate whether the frequency, nature, or timing of violence affects the risk of SAB; and 4) generate hypotheses regarding prevention and intervention programs for urban, low-income pregnant women. Women 14-40 years of age from a defined inner-city community who attend the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania's Emergency Department (ED) will be screened for pregnancy. Cases will include women who present with SAB or who experience a SAB during the follow-up period (N=465). Controls will include all women with intrauterine singleton pregnancies that continue through 20 weeks gestational age. Standardized baseline data collection will include a structured in-person interview, laboratory analyses of hair and urine for cotinine, alcohol, and drugs of abuse. Chromosomal analyses will be conducted on products of conception for approximately 120 cases who abort at HUP. Follow-up telephone interviews will take place at 16 and 20 weeks gestation. Pregnancy outcome status will also be ascertained through ongoing review of medical records, pathology logs, and birth certificates. Initial analyses will be exploratory and descriptive, characterizing cases and controls by current or past violence, age, substance abuse, social isolation. The primary analysis will be logistic regression, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The investigators will explore whether the effect of violence on spontaneous abortion varies with chromosomal status of the fetus as well as according to the timing, frequency and nature of violent incidents. Finally, they will characterize the patterns of use of health and social service agencies by abused women early in pregnancy. The investigators state that the significance of this study lies in its capacity to provide basic epidemiological data regarding the nature and circumstances of violence among pregnancy inner-city women, evaluate whether violence is an independent predictor of spontaneous abortion, and ultimately contribute information important to designing effective treatment and prevention interventions in urban settings. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: VIOLENCE AND SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN INNER CITY WOMEN Principal Investigator & Institution: Grisso, Jeane A. Associate Professor; Medicine; University of Pennsylvania 3451 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa 19104 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-SEP-1998; Project End 0-NOV-2002 Summary: (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract) Spontaneous abortion (SAB) is the most common adverse outcome of pregnancy, and violence may be the most prevalent reproductive risk factor among urban, low-income women. The specific aims of this application are to : 1) characterize the prevalence and type of violence experienced by women early in pregnancy; 2) evaluate whether violence during pregnancy is an important independent risk factor for SAB; 3) evaluate whether the frequency, nature, or timing of violence affects the risk of SAB; and 4) generate hypotheses regarding prevention and intervention programs for urban, low-income pregnant women. Women 14-40 years of age from a defined inner-city community who attend the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania's Emergency Department (ED) will be screened for pregnancy. Cases will include women who present with SAB or who experience a SAB during the follow-up period (N=465). Controls will include all women with intrauterine singleton pregnancies that continue through 20 weeks gestational age. Standardized baseline data collection will include a structured in-person interview, laboratory analyses of hair and urine for cotinine, alcohol, and drugs of abuse. Chromosomal analyses will be conducted on products of conception for approximately 120 cases who abort at HUP. Follow-up telephone interviews will take place at 16 and 20 weeks

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gestation. Pregnancy outcome status will also be ascertained through ongoing review of medical records, pathology logs, and birth certificates. Initial analyses will be exploratory and descriptive, characterizing cases and controls by current or past violence, age, substance abuse, social isolation. The primary analysis will be logistic regression, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The investigators will explore whether the effect of violence on spontaneous abortion varies with chromosomal status of the fetus as well as according to the timing, frequency and nature of violent incidents. Finally, they will characterize the patterns of use of health and social service agencies by abused women early in pregnancy. The investigators state that the significance of this study lies in its capacity to provide basic epidemiological data regarding the nature and circumstances of violence among pregnancy inner-city women, evaluate whether violence is an independent predictor of spontaneous abortion, and ultimately contribute information important to designing effective treatment and prevention interventions in urban settings. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to fulltext articles. The following is a sample of items found for abortion in the PubMed Central database: •

Abortion perils debated. by Genuis S. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164965

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Abortion perils debated. by Banno AD. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164963

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Abortion perils debated. by Hollingshead SC. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164961

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Abortion perils debated. by Keshen A. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164964

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Abortion perils debated. by Capperauld L. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164960

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html. With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 3 4

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Abortion perils debated. by Robinson GE. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164962

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Abortion perils debated. by Sevier-Fries D. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164959

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Abortion perils debated. by [No authors listed]; 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164968

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Abortion perils debated. by Major B. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164967

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Abortion perils debated. by Reardon DC. 2003 Jul 22; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=164966

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Abortion rates in England in 1995: comparative study of data from district health authorities. by Raleigh VS. 1998 Jun 6; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=28571

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Abortion services in Canada: a patchwork quilt with many holes. by Eggertson L. 2001 Mar 20; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=80888

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An oligomer of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia psittaci is recognized by monoclonal antibodies which protect mice from abortion.. by de Sa C, Souriau A, Bernard F, Salinas J, Rodolakis A. 1995 Dec; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=173704

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Detection by PCR of Neospora caninum in Fetal Tissues from Spontaneous Bovine Abortions. by Baszler TV, Gay LJ, Long MT, Mathison BA. 1999 Dec; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=85881

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Equine Abortion Associated with the Borrelia parkeri-B. turicatae Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Spirochete Group. by Walker RL, Read DH, Hayes DC, Nordhausen RW. 2002 Apr; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=140362

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Evidence for a common sex determination mechanism for pistil abortion in maize and in its wild relative Tripsacum. by Li D, Blakey CA, Dewald C, Dellaporta SL. 1997 Apr 15; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=20608

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FDA considering restricted access to "abortion pill". by Sibbald B. 2000 Sep 5; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=80478

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Involvement of decidual V[alpha]14 NKT cells in abortion. by Ito K, Karasawa M, Kawano T, Akasaka T, Koseki H, Akutsu Y, Kondo E, Sekiya S, Sekikawa K, Harada M, Yamashita M, Nakayama T, Taniguchi M. 2000 Jan 18; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=15400

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Isolation and Characterization of a Black-Pigmented Corynebacterium sp. from a Woman with Spontaneous Abortion. by Shukla SK, Vevea DN, Frank DN, Pace NR, Reed KD. 2001 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=87881

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Kinetics of Infection and Effects on Placental Cell Populations in a Murine Model of Chlamydia psittaci-Induced Abortion. by Buendia AJ, Sanchez J, Martinez MC, Camara P, Navarro JA, Rodolakis A, Salinas J. 1998 May; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=108173

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Genes Coding for the Highly Immunogenic Cluster of 90-Kilodalton Envelope Proteins from the Chlamydia psittaci Subtype That Causes Abortion in Sheep. by Longbottom D, Russell M, Dunbar SM, Jones GE, Herring AJ. 1998 Apr; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=108055

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NB, Morgentaler head to court over abortion payments. by Thorne T. 2002 Nov 26; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=134148

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Popularity of "abortion pill" grows in US. by Sibbald B. 2003 Jan 21; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=140453

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Prevalence of morbidity associated with abortion before and after legalisation in South Africa. by Jewkes R, Brown H, Dickson-Tetteh K, Levin J, Rees H. 2002 May 25; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=113277

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Psychiatric admissions of low-income women following abortion and childbirth. by Reardon DC, Cougle JR, Rue VM, Shuping MW, Coleman PK, Ney PG. 2003 May 13; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=154179

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Psychological implications of abortion --- highly charged and rife with misleading research. by Major B. 2003 May 13; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=154180

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Role of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in a Murine Model of Chlamydia psittaciInduced Abortion. by Buendia AJ, Montes de Oca R, Navarro JA, Sanchez J, Cuello F, Salinas J. 1999 May; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=115945

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Roles of the Surface Layer Proteins of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in Ovine Abortion. by Grogono-Thomas R, Dworkin J, Blaser MJ, Newell DG. 2000 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=97330

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Serological Diagnosis of Ovine Enzootic Abortion by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with a Recombinant Protein Fragment of the Polymorphic Outer Membrane Protein POMP90 of Chlamydophila abortus. by Longbottom D, Fairley S, Chapman S, Psarrou E, Vretou E, Livingstone M. 2002 Nov; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=139646

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Serological response over time to recombinant Neospora caninum antigens in cattle after a neosporosis-induced abortion.. by Jenkins MC, Wouda W, Dubey JP. 1997 May; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=170517

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Teen pregnancy rate down, abortion rate up. by Buske L. 2001 Feb 6; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=80755

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The abortion issue. by Coffey PG. 2001 Jul 10; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=81232

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The abortion issue. by Johnston W. 2001 Jul 10; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=81233

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with abortion, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for “abortion” (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

“An abortionist city”: maternal mortality, abortion, and birth control in Sheffield, 1920-1940. Author(s): McIntosh T. Source: Medical History. 2000 January; 44(1): 75-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10885124&dopt=Abstract

PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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“Dug up from the hitherto dark, unfathomed recesses of nature:” abortion and the modernization of Arkansas medicine, 1875-1920. Author(s): Dougan MB. Source: Res Pap Hist Med Assoc. 1990; (1): 89-103. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11618514&dopt=Abstract

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“Partial birth” abortion and the health exception: protecting maternal health or risking abortion on demand? Author(s): Glidewell G. Source: Fordham Urban Law J. 2001 April; 28(4): 1089-150. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12680381&dopt=Abstract

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“Partial-birth abortion” and the Supreme Court. Author(s): Annas GJ. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2001 January 11; 344(2): 152-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11150367&dopt=Abstract

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“The sexual freedom cases”? Contraception, abortion, abstinence, and the Constitution. Author(s): Cruz DB. Source: Harv Civ Rights-Civil Lib Law Rev. 2000 Summer; 35(2): 299-383. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12452156&dopt=Abstract

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25 mg or 50 mg of oral methotrexate followed by vaginal misoprostol 7 days after for early abortion: a randomized trial. Author(s): Carbonell Esteve JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1999; 47(3): 182-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10087413&dopt=Abstract

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30 years after abortion ruling, new trends but the old debate. Author(s): Zernike K. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2003 January 20; : A1, A16. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12647755&dopt=Abstract

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'70 abortion law: New York said yes, stunning the nation. Author(s): Perez-Pena R. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2000 April 9; : A1, A36. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11791610&dopt=Abstract

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A 26-year-old woman seeking an abortion, 1 year later. Author(s): Hartman EE, Parker RA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000 May 24-31; 283(20): 2700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10819954&dopt=Abstract

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A 26-year-old woman seeking an abortion. Author(s): Grimes DA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 September 22-29; 282(12): 1169-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10501121&dopt=Abstract

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A 26-year-old woman with a second abortion. Author(s): Carley JW. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000 September 13; 284(10): 1244. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10979107&dopt=Abstract

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A case of self-inflicted wounding by the introduction of needles through the abdominal wall to induce abortion. Author(s): Osuna E, Toucedo MA, Sanchez-Espigares G, Garfia A, Aparicio FJ, Rueda J, Perez-Carceles MD. Source: Forensic Science International. 2002 August 28; 128(3): 141-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12175794&dopt=Abstract

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A case with balanced chromosome rearrangement involving chromosomes 9, 14, and 13 in a woman with recurrent abortion. Author(s): Kim SK, Kim HJ, Yang YH, Kim IK, Bai SW, Kim JY, Park KH, Cho DJ, Song CH. Source: Yonsei Medical Journal. 2001 June; 42(3): 345-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11456402&dopt=Abstract

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A case-control study on the relationship between induced abortion and secondary tubal infertility in Vietnam. Author(s): Minh PN, Vinh NQ, Tuong HM, Danh MT, Lan VT, Trong do MH, Hai HT, Quoc NT, Hanh TL, Le Dong K, Goto A. Source: Fukushima J Med Sci. 2002 June; 48(1): 15-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12365595&dopt=Abstract

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A comparative study of metal and plastic (Karman) cannulae for first trimester abortion by suction curettage. Author(s): Antonovski L, Ljatkova K, Sukarov LL, Brenner WE, Edelman DA, Bernard RP. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1975; 13(1): 33-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=259&dopt=Abstract

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A comparison of medical induction and dilation and evacuation for second-trimester abortion. Author(s): Autry AM, Hayes EC, Jacobson GF, Kirby RS. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 August; 187(2): 393-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12193931&dopt=Abstract

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A comparison of the Abortion Rights Mobilization and Population Council trials. Author(s): Schaff EA, Fielding SL. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 137-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846323&dopt=Abstract

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A comparison of the psychologic impact and client satisfaction of surgical treatment with medical treatment of spontaneous abortion: a randomized controlled trial. Author(s): Lee DT, Cheung LP, Haines CJ, Chan KP, Chung TK. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 October; 185(4): 953-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11641684&dopt=Abstract

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A descriptive analysis of South African and Islamic abortion legislation and local Muslim community responses. Author(s): Moosa N. Source: Med Law. 2002; 21(2): 257-79. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12184606&dopt=Abstract

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A feminist understanding of sex-selective abortion: solely a matter of choice? Author(s): Cherry AL. Source: Wis Womens Law J. 1995 Fall; 10(2): 161-223. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12739593&dopt=Abstract

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A history of induced abortion in relation to substance use during subsequent pregnancies carried to term. Author(s): Coleman PK, Reardon DC, Rue VM, Cougle J. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 December; 187(6): 1673-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12501082&dopt=Abstract

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A model for potential tumor immunotherapy based on knowledge of immune mechanisms responsible for spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Check JH, Nazari P, Goldberg J, Yuen W, Angotti D. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 2001 September; 57(3): 337-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11516226&dopt=Abstract

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A novel X chromosome-linked genetic cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Lanasa MC, Hogge WA, Kubik CJ, Ness RB, Harger J, Nagel T, Prosen T, Markovic N, Hoffman EP. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 September; 185(3): 563-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11568778&dopt=Abstract

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A politico-medical perspective of induced abortion in a semi-urban community of IleIfe, Nigeria. Author(s): Fasubaa OB, Akindele ST, Adelekan A, Okwuokenye H. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 January; 22(1): 51-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521730&dopt=Abstract

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A randomised comparison of strategies for reducing infective complications of induced abortion. Author(s): Paul AC, Choy CC. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 March; 106(3): 288-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10426655&dopt=Abstract

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A randomised comparison of strategies for reducing infective complications of induced abortion. Author(s): Thompson C, Mahmood TA, Urquhart DR, Hill MG. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 March; 106(3): 288. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10426654&dopt=Abstract

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A randomised comparison of strategies for reducing infective complications of induced abortion. Author(s): Carlin EM, Smith CD, Heason J, Liu DT, Ahmed JI. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 March; 106(3): 287-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10426653&dopt=Abstract

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A randomised study of misoprostol and gemeprost in combination with mifepristone for induction of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. Author(s): Bartley J, Baird DT. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 November; 109(11): 1290-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12452468&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized clinical trial of prophylaxis for vacuum abortion: 3 versus 7 days of doxycycline. Author(s): Lichtenberg ES, Shott S. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 April; 101(4): 726-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12681877&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized comparison of medical abortion and surgical vacuum aspiration at 1013 weeks gestation. Author(s): Ashok PW, Kidd A, Flett GM, Fitzmaurice A, Graham W, Templeton A. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2002 January; 17(1): 92-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11756368&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized comparison of mifepristone and self-administered oral or vaginal misoprostol for early abortion. Author(s): Aubeny E, Chatellier G. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2000 September; 5(3): 171-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11131781&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized controlled trial of fentanyl for abortion pain. Author(s): Rawling MJ, Wiebe ER. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 July; 185(1): 103-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11483912&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized controlled trial of laminaria, oral misoprostol, and vaginal misoprostol before abortion. Author(s): MacIsaac L, Grossman D, Balistreri E, Darney P. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 May; 93(5 Pt 1): 766-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10912983&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized controlled trial of laminaria, oral misoprostol, and vaginal misoprostol before abortion. Author(s): Sperling AL. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 October; 94(4): 637. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10511374&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. Author(s): Tang OS, Gao PP, Cheng L, Lee SW, Ho PC. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 March; 14(3): 722-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10221703&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized trial of aromatherapy to reduce anxiety before abortion. Author(s): Wiebe E. Source: Effective Clinical Practice : Ecp. 2000 July-August; 3(4): 166-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11183431&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized trial of the effect of moistening misoprostol before vaginal administration when used with methotrexate for abortion. Author(s): Creinin MD, Carbonell JL, Schwartz JL, Varela L, Tanda R. Source: Contraception. 1999 January; 59(1): 11-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10342081&dopt=Abstract

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A rare case of serratia sepsis and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Prosser BJ, Horton J. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 February 13; 348(7): 668-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12584385&dopt=Abstract

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A record-based evaluation of induced abortion and breast cancer risk (United States). Author(s): Newcomb PA, Mandelson MT. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2000 October; 11(9): 777-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11075865&dopt=Abstract

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A review of induced abortion rates in England and Wales, 1969-1994. Author(s): Ghebrehewet S, Ashton J. Source: Br J Fam Plann. 1998 January; 23(4): 120-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9882765&dopt=Abstract

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A review of the psychoanalytic literature on abortion. Author(s): Remeikis GV. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 2001 Summer; 29(2): 231-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11685989&dopt=Abstract

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A right to life for the unborn? The current debate on abortion in Germany and Norbert Hoerster's legal-philosophical justification for the right to life. Author(s): Simon A. Source: The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 2000 April; 25(2): 220-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10833137&dopt=Abstract

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A study of the ethics of induced abortion in Korea. Author(s): Um YR. Source: Nursing Ethics. 1999 November; 6(6): 506-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10696196&dopt=Abstract

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A survey of attitudes to abortion law in Northern Ireland amongst obstetricians, gynaecologists and family planning doctors. Author(s): Black G, Hunter A, Heasley N. Source: The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care / Faculty of Family Planning & Reproductive Health Care, Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. 2001 October; 27(4): 221-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12457473&dopt=Abstract

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A survey of illegal abortion in Jimma Hospital, south western Ethiopia. Author(s): Kebede S, Jira C, Mariam D. Source: Ethiop Med J. 2000 January; 38(1): 35-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11144878&dopt=Abstract

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A trust analysis of a gestational carrier's right to abortion. Author(s): Yamamoto K, Moore SA. Source: Fordham Law Rev. 2001 October; 70(1): 93-186. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11763875&dopt=Abstract

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A two-stage increase in the dose of misoprostol improves the efficacy of medical abortion with mifepristone and prostaglandins. Author(s): Aubeny E. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2001 March; 6(1): 54-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11334477&dopt=Abstract

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AAPLOG statement on induced abortion and the subsequent risk of breast cancer. Author(s): American Association of ProLife Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Source: Issues in Law & Medicine. 2002 Fall; 18(2): 191-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479163&dopt=Abstract

22 Abortion

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Abdominal pregnancy presenting as a missed abortion at 16 weeks' gestation. Author(s): Kun KY, Wong PY, Ho MW, Tai CM, Ng TK. Source: Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. 2000 December; 6(4): 425-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11177167&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion admissions in rural Matebeleland north province. Author(s): Rutgers S. Source: Cent Afr J Med. 2001 September-October; 47(9-10): 214-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12808770&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion affiliation, urban size, and geographic bias of responses to lost letters. Author(s): Bridges FS, Williamson CB, Scheibe JJ. Source: Psychological Reports. 1998 December; 83(3 Pt 1): 1107-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9923188&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion among adolescents in Cuba. Author(s): Pelaez Mendoz J, Rodriguez Izquiendo A, Lammers C, Blum RW. Source: The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 1999 January; 24(1): 59-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9890366&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion among adolescents. Author(s): Adler NE, Ozer EJ, Tschann J. Source: The American Psychologist. 2003 March; 58(3): 211-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12772427&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion among rural women in north Ethiopia. Author(s): Getahun H, Berhane Y. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2000 December; 71(3): 265-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11102621&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and assent. Author(s): Rhodes R. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 1999 Fall; 8(4): 416-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10513299&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and breast cancer risk. Author(s): Rowlands S. Source: The British Journal of General Practice : the Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 2003 May; 53(490): 408-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12830577&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and breast cancer. Author(s): Brind J, Chinchilli VM. Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2002 March; 56(3): 237-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11854350&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and breast cancer: a case-control record linkage study. Author(s): Goldacre MJ, Kurina LM, Seagroatt V, Yeates D. Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2001 May; 55(5): 336-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11297654&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and breast cancer: a hard decision made harder. Author(s): Davidson T. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2001 December; 2(12): 756-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11902518&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and Islam. Author(s): Hathout H. Source: Bull Soc Liban Hist Med. 1992; (3): 85-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11618597&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and its effect on risk of preeclampsia and transient hypertension. Author(s): Eras JL, Saftlas AF, Triche E, Hsu CD, Risch HA, Bracken MB. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 January; 11(1): 36-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10615841&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and maternal health. Author(s): Bernstein PS, Rosenfield A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1998 December; 63 Suppl 1: S115-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10075221&dopt=Abstract

24 Abortion

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Abortion and maternal mortality in Africa. Author(s): Thonneau P, Goyaux N, Goufodji S, Sundby J. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002 December 12; 347(24): 1984-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12477956&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and neonaticide: ethics, practice, and policy in four nations. Author(s): Gross ML. Source: Bioethics. 2002 June; 16(3): 202-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12211246&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and politics in Mexico: 'context is all'. Author(s): Lamas M, Bissell S. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 November; 8(16): 10-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424237&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and subsequent substance abuse. Author(s): Reardon DC, Ney PG. Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2000 February; 26(1): 61-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10718164&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and suicide. Author(s): Connolly J. Source: Crisis. 2002; 23(2): 45-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12500887&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and the courts in Ireland. Author(s): O'Mahoney TP. Source: America. 2001 June 18-25; 184(20): 20-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11831252&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and the null hypothesis. Author(s): Adler NE. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000 August; 57(8): 785-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10920467&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and the Supreme Court: advancing the culture of death. Author(s): Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB). Source: Origins. 2000 December 7; 30(26): 405, 407. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12542054&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and unplanned pregnancy. Author(s): Wingert GM. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000 March 22-29; 283(12): 1566; Author Reply 1566-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10735388&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and unplanned pregnancy. Author(s): Shale JH. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000 March 22-29; 283(12): 1566; Author Reply 1566-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10735387&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and unplanned pregnancy. Author(s): Bulfin MJ. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000 March 22-29; 283(12): 1566; Author Reply 1566-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10735386&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and unplanned pregnancy. Author(s): Eapen S. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000 March 22-29; 283(12): 1565-6; Author Reply 1566-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10735385&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion as stigma: cognitive and emotional implications of concealment. Author(s): Major B, Gramzow RH. Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1999 October; 77(4): 735-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10531670&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion at Gondar College Hospital, Ethiopia. Author(s): Yusuf L, Zein ZA. Source: East Afr Med J. 2001 May; 78(5): 265-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12002089&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion attitudes and personality. Author(s): Roman RE, Lester D. Source: Psychological Reports. 1999 October; 85(2): 528. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10611785&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion attitudes as determinants of perceptions regarding male involvement in abortion decisions. Author(s): Coleman PK, Nelson ES. Source: Journal of American College Health : J of Ach. 1999 January; 47(4): 164-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9919847&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion beliefs and practices among midwives (parteras) in a rural Mexican township. Author(s): Castaneda X, Billings DL, Blanco J. Source: Women Health. 2003; 37(2): 73-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12733554&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion boat faces legal complications. Author(s): Birchard K. Source: Lancet. 2001 June 23; 357(9273): 2035. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11438153&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion by postcode. Author(s): Godfrey K. Source: Nurs Times. 1999 December 1-7; 95(48): 30-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11096929&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion care for emergency physicians. Author(s): Hemmick RS. Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2003 March; 41(3): 429-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12630399&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion complications in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). Author(s): Goyaux N, Yace-Soumah F, Welffens-Ekra C, Thonneau P. Source: Contraception. 1999 August; 60(2): 107-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10592858&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion doctor suffers second attack in six years. Author(s): Spurgeon D. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2000 July 22; 321(7255): 197. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10903644&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion history and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Author(s): Sanderson M, Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, Wen W, Hua Y, Gao YT, Zheng W. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2001 June 15; 92(6): 899-905. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11351314&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in a restrictive legal context: the views of obstetrician-gynaecologists in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Author(s): Gogna M, Romero M, Ramos S, Petracci M, Szulik D. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 128-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369315&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in adolescence: a four-country comparison. Author(s): Welsh P, McCarthy M, Cromer B. Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 2001 March-April; 11(2): 73-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11275509&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in Brazil: legislation, reality and options. Author(s): Guedes AC. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 November; 8(16): 66-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424252&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in context: United States and worldwide. Author(s): Dailard C. Source: Issues Brief (Alan Guttmacher Inst). 1999; (1): 1-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12134876&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in India is tipping scales sharply against girls. Author(s): Dugger CW. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2001 April 22; : A1, A10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12159855&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in Northern Ireland to be reviewed. Author(s): Payne D. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2001 June 23; 322(7301): 1507. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11439980&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in the United States: barriers to access. Author(s): Fried MG. Source: Health Hum Rights. 2000; 4(2): 174-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10796974&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in woman caused by caprine Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1). Author(s): Pospischil A, Thoma R, Hilbe M, Grest P, Gebbers JO. Source: Swiss Medical Weekly : Official Journal of the Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases, the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, the Swiss Society of Pneumology. 2002 February 9; 132(5-6): 64-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11971199&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion incidence and services in the United States in 2000. Author(s): Finer LB, Henshaw SK. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 6-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602752&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion incidence and services in the United States, 1995-1996. Author(s): Henshaw SK. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1998 November-December; 30(6): 263-70, 287. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9859016&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion issue enters reform deliberations. Author(s): Wagner L, Weissenstein E. Source: Modern Healthcare. 1994 May 16; 24(20): 2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10133503&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion law reform: the Turkish experience. Author(s): Bulut A. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2001 May; 9(17): 210-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11468840&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion: incidence, patients' characteristics, and prognosis. Author(s): Lamfers EJ, Hooghoudt TE, Hertzberger DP, Schut A, Stolwijk PW, Verheugt FW. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2003 May; 89(5): 496-501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12695450&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion on trial, again. Author(s): Novak V. Source: Time. 2000 May 1; 155(18): 38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11765507&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion perils debated. Author(s): Keshen A. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 July 22; 169(2): 102; Author Reply 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12874150&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion perils debated. Author(s): Genuis S. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 July 22; 169(2): 102; Author Reply 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12874148&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion perils debated. Author(s): Banno AD. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 July 22; 169(2): 101-2; Author Reply 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12874147&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion perils debated. Author(s): Hollingshead SC. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 July 22; 169(2): 101; Author Reply 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12874146&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion perils debated. Author(s): Robinson GE. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 July 22; 169(2): 101; Author Reply 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12874145&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion perils debated. Author(s): Capperauld L. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 July 22; 169(2): 101; Author Reply 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12874144&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion perils debated. Author(s): Sevier-Fries D. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 July 22; 169(2): 101; Author Reply 102-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12874143&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion pill gets FDA approval. Author(s): SoRelle R. Source: Circulation. 2000 October 10; 102(15): E9030-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11183868&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion pill is approved for sale in United States. Author(s): Gottlieb S. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2000 October 7; 321(7265): 851. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11021853&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion pill withdrawn in germany after financial losses. Author(s): Tufts A. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2000 October 28; 321(7268): 1041. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11053170&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion rates reflect the optimization of parental investment strategies. Author(s): Lycett JE, Dunbar RI. Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 1999 December 7; 266(1436): 2355-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10643080&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion reporting in the era of medical procedures: why is it important? Author(s): Koonin LM. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 203-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846340&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion requests among adolescents in comparison with young adults in a Swiss region (1990-1998). Author(s): Narring F, Roulet N, Addor V, Michaud PA. Source: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2002; 91(8): 965-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12222723&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion returns to haunt US presidential campaign. Author(s): Greenberg DS. Source: Lancet. 2000 April 1; 355(9210): 1165. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10791389&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion rights needed. Author(s): Keller BR Jr. Source: Tex Med. 2000 June; 96(6): 10-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10876366&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion risk and decisionmaking among young people in urban Cameroon. Author(s): Calves AE. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 2002 September; 33(3): 249-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12385086&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion service in Amsterdam: deciding and coping in a liberal system. Author(s): Cohen I, van Lunsen RH. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 1999 March; 4(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10367189&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion services in Canada: a patchwork quilt with many holes. Author(s): Eggertson L. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2001 March 20; 164(6): 847-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11276554&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion services in rural Washington State, 1983-1984 to 1993-1994: availability and outcomes. Author(s): Dobie SA, Hart LG, Glusker A, Madigan D, Larson EH, Rosenblatt RA. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1999 September-October; 31(5): 241-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10723649&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion surveillance at CDC: creating public health light out of political heat. Author(s): Cates W, Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2000 July; 19(1 Suppl): 12-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10863125&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion surveillance--United States, 1997. Author(s): Koonin LM, Strauss LT, Chrisman CE, Parker WY. Source: Mmwr. Cdc Surveillance Summaries : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Cdc Surveillance Summaries / Centers for Disease Control. 2000 December 8; 49(11): 143. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11130580&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion surveillance--United States, 1998. Author(s): Herndon J, Strauss LT, Whitehead S, Parker WY, Bartlett L, Zane S. Source: Mmwr. Surveillance Summaries : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries / Cdc. 2002 June 7; 51(3): 1-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369584&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion surveillance--United States, 1999. Author(s): Elam-Evans LD, Strauss LT, Herndon J, Parker WY, Whitehead S, Berg CJ. Source: Mmwr. Surveillance Summaries : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries / Cdc. 2002 November 29; 51(9): 1-9, 11-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12495293&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion targeted in reform debate. Author(s): Wagner L. Source: Modern Healthcare. 1994 February 28; 24(9): 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10131993&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion training in U.S. obstetrics and gynecology residency programs, 1998. Author(s): Almeling R, Tews L, Dudley S. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 November-December; 32(6): 268-71, 320. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11138862&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion trends in Japan, 1975-95. Author(s): Goto A, Fujiyama-Koriyama C, Fukao A, Reich MR. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 2000 December; 31(4): 301-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11198067&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol: regimens, efficacy, acceptability and future directions. Author(s): Newhall EP, Winikoff B. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S4453. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944369&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion without free and informed consent? An Austrian case of first impression. Author(s): Bernat E. Source: The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 2001 June; 26(3): 311-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11445885&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion, breast cancer, and informed consent. Author(s): Kindley J. Source: Issues in Law & Medicine. 2000 Spring; 15(3): 243-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10758700&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion, changed paternity, and risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous women. Author(s): Saftlas AF, Levine RJ, Klebanoff MA, Martz KL, Ewell MG, Morris CD, Sibai BM. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 June 15; 157(12): 1108-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12796047&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion, disability, assent, and consent. Author(s): Hayry M. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 2001 Winter; 10(1): 79-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11326790&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion, embryo destruction and the future of value argument. Author(s): Savulescu J. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2002 June; 28(3): 133-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12042393&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion, relationship, and property in labor: a clinical case study. Author(s): Dickenson D, Bewley S. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 1999 Fall; 8(4): 440-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10513301&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. Author(s): Milhoan KD, Milhoan KA. Source: Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc. 2000 Summer; 63(3): 57-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11011566&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. A pro-life foreign policy. Author(s): Rosenberg D. Source: Newsweek. 2001 September 3; 138(10): 24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11550611&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. A right or an outrage? Author(s): Pennachio DL. Source: Med Econ. 2002 October 11; 79(19): 77-8, 81, 85. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12407809&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. Born in the USA. Author(s): Hampshire M. Source: Nurs Times. 2001 July 26-August 1; 97(30): 12-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11957937&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. Pro-life protests feared. Author(s): O'Dowd A. Source: Nurs Times. 2000 July 27-August 2; 96(30): 7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11962902&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. The question of choice. Author(s): Kenny C. Source: Nurs Times. 2001 October 11-17; 97(41): 12. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11966013&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: a psychiatric patient's right to choose. Author(s): de Nesnera A, Grandfield S, Cummings K, Bryant E. Source: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 2000 February; 38(2): 9-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10693108&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: a review of ethical aspects of public policy. Author(s): Shannon TA. Source: Annu Soc Christ Ethics. 1982; : 71-98. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11913445&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: attitudes and perceptions of health professionals in Zimbabwe. Author(s): Kasule J, Mbizvo MT, Gupta V. Source: Cent Afr J Med. 1999 September; 45(9): 239-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11019473&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: behaviour of adolescents in two districts in Kenya. Author(s): Mutungi AK, Wango EO, Rogo KO, Kimani VN, Karanja JG. Source: East Afr Med J. 1999 October; 76(10): 541-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10734502&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: correct application of natural law theory. Author(s): Irving DN. Source: Linacre Q. 2000 February; 67(1): 45-55. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12199284&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: damned if you do or you don't. Author(s): Bateman C. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 2000 August; 90(8): 750-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11022615&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: is it a step too far for nurses? Author(s): Shamash J. Source: Nurs Times. 2002 July 9-15; 98(28): 12. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12168371&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: knowledge and perceptions of adolescents in two districts in Kenya. Author(s): Mutungi AK, Karanja JG, Kimani VN, Rogo KO, Wango EO. Source: East Afr Med J. 1999 October; 76(10): 556-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10734505&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: teaching why as well as how. Author(s): Stewart FH, Darney PD. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 37-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602757&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: the Portuguese case. Author(s): Vilar D. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 156-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369320&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: the untold story. Author(s): Whitman D. Source: U.S. News & World Report. 1998 December 7; 125(22): 20-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10621500&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: three rival versions of suffering. Author(s): Portmann J. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 1999 Fall; 8(4): 489-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10513306&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: why bioethics can have no answer--a personal perspective. Author(s): Hunt G. Source: Nursing Ethics. 1999 January; 6(1): 47-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10067556&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--a philosophical perspective. Author(s): Jali MN. Source: Curationis. 2001 November; 24(4): 25-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11993259&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--doctors' rights. Author(s): Strauss SA. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1999 June; 89(6): 574-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10443194&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--ethical obligations. Author(s): Cameron N. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 2000 March; 90(3): 206, 208. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10853388&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--ethical obligations. Author(s): te Water Naude J, London L, Guttmacher S. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1999 November; 89(11): 1117-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10599274&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--it is for some women only! Hmong women's perceptions of abortion. Author(s): Liamputtong P. Source: Health Care for Women International. 2003 March; 24(3): 230-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12746014&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--right or crime? Author(s): Finlay HA. Source: Univ Tasman Law Rev. 1991; 10(1): 1-15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12173636&dopt=Abstract

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Acceptability of manual versus electric aspiration for first trimester abortion: a randomized trial. Author(s): Dean G, Cardenas L, Darney P, Goldberg A. Source: Contraception. 2003 March; 67(3): 201-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12618254&dopt=Abstract

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Acceptability of suction curettage and mifepristone abortion in the United States: a prospective comparison study. Author(s): Jensen JT, Harvey SM, Beckman LJ. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 June; 182(6): 1292-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10871441&dopt=Abstract

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Acceptance of screening and abortion for Down syndrome among Finnish midwives and public health nurses. Author(s): Jallinoja P, Santalahti P, Toiviainen H, Hemminki E. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 1999 November; 19(11): 1015-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10589051&dopt=Abstract

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Access to abortion in Ontario: from Morgentaler 1988 to the Savings and Restructuring Act. Author(s): Farid C. Source: Health Law J. 1997; 5: 119-45. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10569896&dopt=Abstract

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ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 285, August 2003: Induced abortion and breast cancer risk. Author(s): ACOG Committee on Gynecologic Practice. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 August; 102(2): 433-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12907127&dopt=Abstract

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ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetriciangynecologists. Medical management of abortion. Author(s): American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Practice Bulletins--Gynecology.. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 April; 97(4): Suppl 1-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11501565&dopt=Abstract

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Activation of the novel prothrombinase, fg12, as a basis for the pregnancy complications spontaneous abortion and pre-eclampsia. Author(s): Knackstedt M, Ding JW, Arck PC, Hertwig K, Coulam CB, August C, Lea R, Dudenhausen JW, Gorczynski RM, Levy GA, Clark DA. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2001 September; 46(3): 196-210. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11554693&dopt=Abstract

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Acute and post-traumatic stress disorder after spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Bowles SV, James LC, Solursh DS, Yancey MK, Epperly TD, Folen RA, Masone M. Source: American Family Physician. 2000 March 15; 61(6): 1689-96. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10750876&dopt=Abstract

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Adolescent girls with illegally induced abortion in Dar es Salaam: the discrepancy between sexual behaviour and lack of access to contraception. Author(s): Rasch V, Silberschmidt M, Mchumvu Y, Mmary V. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 May; 8(15): 52-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424268&dopt=Abstract

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Adolescent pregnancy 1 year later: the effects of abortion vs. motherhood in Northeast Brazil. Author(s): Bailey PE, Bruno ZV, Bezerra MF, Queiroz I, Oliveira CM, Chen-Mok M. Source: The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2001 September; 29(3): 223-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11524222&dopt=Abstract

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Adolescents' decision-making and attitudes towards abortion in north-east Brazil. Author(s): Bailey PE, Bruno ZV, Bezerra MF, Queiros I, Oliveira CM. Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2003 January; 35(1): 71-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12537157&dopt=Abstract

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Advanced practice clinicians and medical abortion: increasing access to care. Author(s): Kruse B. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 167-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846330&dopt=Abstract

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African Americans and the abortion issue: big issue, little discussion. Author(s): Dawson G. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 2001 October; 93(10): 412-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11688923&dopt=Abstract

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After feticide: coping with late-term abortion in Israel, western Europe, and the United States. Author(s): Gross ML. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 1999 Fall; 8(4): 449-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10513302&dopt=Abstract

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Against the golden rule argument against abortion. Author(s): Boonin-Vail D. Source: Journal of Applied Philosophy. 1997; 14(2): 187-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12627559&dopt=Abstract

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Alterations of total and lipid-bound sialic acid levels in recurrent abortion. Author(s): Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M. Source: Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2001 November-December; 46(6): 315-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11795692&dopt=Abstract

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Alternatives to mifepristone regimens for medical abortion. Author(s): Pymar HC, Creinin MD. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S5464. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944370&dopt=Abstract

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Although abortion is highly restricted in Cameroon, it is not uncommon among young urban women. Author(s): Hollander D. Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2003 March; 29(1): 49-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12731480&dopt=Abstract

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Ambivalence--a logical response to legal abortion: a prospective study among women and men. Author(s): Kero A, Lalos A. Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000 June; 21(2): 81-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10994180&dopt=Abstract

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Amnion rupture sequence in a first trimester missed abortion. Author(s): Philipp T, Kalousek DK. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 2001 October; 21(10): 835-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11746124&dopt=Abstract

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An exploratory analysis of the effect of pesticide exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion in an Ontario farm population. Author(s): Arbuckle TE, Lin Z, Mery LS. Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001 August; 109(8): 851-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11564623&dopt=Abstract

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An exploratory pilot study of nurse-midwives' attitudes toward active euthanasia and abortion. Author(s): Musgrave CF, Soudry I. Source: International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2000 December; 37(6): 505-12. Erratum In: Int J Nurs Stud 2001 August; 38(4): 493-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10871660&dopt=Abstract

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An historical review of criminal abortion. Author(s): Williams DJ, Pritchard AJ, Ansford AJ. Source: Forensic Science International. 2000 September 11; 113(1-3): 497-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10978669&dopt=Abstract

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Analgesia during at-home use of misoprostol as part of a medical abortion regimen. Author(s): Westhoffa C, Dasmahapatra R, Schaff E. Source: Contraception. 2000 December; 62(6): 311-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11239618&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of human leukocyte antigen-G polymorphism including intron 4 in Japanese couples with habitual abortion. Author(s): Yamashita T, Fujii T, Tokunaga K, Tadokoro K, Hamai Y, Miki A, Kozuma S, Juji T, Taketani Y. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 February; 41(2): 159-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10102087&dopt=Abstract

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Anterior transverse cervical rupture following intra-amniotic prostaglandin induced mid-trimester abortion. Author(s): Agarwal U, Kriplani A, Arora V. Source: Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 2002 January-March; 48(1): 71-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12082337&dopt=Abstract

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Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, unexplained fetal death, and antiphospholipid syndrome. Author(s): Lee RM, Emlen W, Scott JR, Branch DW, Silver RM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 September; 181(3): 642-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10486478&dopt=Abstract

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Antibiotic treatment for threatened abortion during the early first trimester in women with previous spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Ou MC, Pang CC, Chen FM, Su CH, Ou D. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 August; 80(8): 753-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11531620&dopt=Abstract

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Antibiotics for incomplete abortion. Author(s): May W, Gulmezoglu AM, Ba-Thike K. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; (2): Cd001779. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10796821&dopt=Abstract

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Anticardiolipin antibodies in women with recurrent abortion. Author(s): Daboubi MK. Source: East Mediterr Health J. 2001 January-March; 7(1-2): 95-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12596957&dopt=Abstract

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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and other immunologic abnormalities in patients with habitual abortion. Author(s): Kovacs L, Szabo J, Molnar K, Kovacs A, Pokorny G. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 April; 41(4): 264-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10374703&dopt=Abstract

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Antioxidant defence in recurrent abortion. Author(s): Vural P, Akgul C, Yildirim A, Canbaz M. Source: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 2000 May; 295(1-2): 169-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10767402&dopt=Abstract

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Antiprothrombin autoantibodies in severe preeclampsia and abortion. Author(s): Akimoto T, Akama T, Saitoh M, Kono I, Sumida T. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2001 February 15; 110(3): 188-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11182104&dopt=Abstract

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Anxiety in Japanese women after elective abortion. Author(s): Kishida Y. Source: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : Jognn / Naacog. 2001 September-October; 30(5): 490-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11572529&dopt=Abstract

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Are complications after an induced abortion associated with reproductive failures in a subsequent pregnancy? Author(s): Zhou W, Olsen J. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003 February; 82(2): 177-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12648182&dopt=Abstract

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Are the similarities between a woman's right to choose an abortion and the alleged right to assisted suicide really compelling? Author(s): Spindelman M. Source: Univ Mich J Law Reform. 1996 Spring; 29(3): 775-856. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12146454&dopt=Abstract

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Are you at risk for spontaneous abortion? Author(s): Metules TJ. Source: Rn. 2000 August; 63(8): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10983180&dopt=Abstract

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Arteriovenous malformations of the uterus associated with medical abortion. Author(s): Wiebe ER, Switzer P. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2000 November; 71(2): 155-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11064013&dopt=Abstract

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Assessing the prevalence and determinants of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Nigeria. Author(s): Okonofua FE, Odimegwu C, Ajabor H, Daru PH, Johnson A. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 1999 March; 30(1): 67-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10216897&dopt=Abstract

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Association of DDT with spontaneous abortion: a case-control study. Author(s): Korrick SA, Chen C, Damokosh AI, Ni J, Liu X, Cho SI, Altshul L, Ryan L, Xu X. Source: Annals of Epidemiology. 2001 October; 11(7): 491-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11557181&dopt=Abstract

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At the innate frontiers between mother and fetus: linking abortion with complement activation. Author(s): Caucheteux SM, Kanellopoulos-Langevin C, Ojcius DM. Source: Immunity. 2003 February; 18(2): 169-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12594944&dopt=Abstract

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Attitude of Saudi families affected with hemoglobinopathies towards prenatal screening and abortion and the influence of religious ruling (Fatwa). Author(s): Alkuraya FS, Kilani RA. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 2001 June; 21(6): 448-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11438947&dopt=Abstract

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Attitudes among health care professionals on the ethics of assisted reproductive technologies and legal abortion. Author(s): de la Fuente Fonnest I, Sondergaard F, Fonnest G, Vedsted-Jacobsen A. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2000 January; 79(1): 49-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10646816&dopt=Abstract

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Attitudes of medical students to induced abortion. Author(s): Buga GA. Source: East Afr Med J. 2002 May; 79(5): 259-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12638811&dopt=Abstract

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Attitudes toward abortion, capital punishment, and assisted suicide. Author(s): Vander Ryk AL, O'Neill MJ, Lester D. Source: Psychological Reports. 1999 December; 85(3 Pt 1): 904. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10672752&dopt=Abstract

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Attitudes toward abortion. Author(s): Lester D. Source: Psychological Reports. 2001 October; 89(2): 290. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11783551&dopt=Abstract

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Attitudes toward abortion. Author(s): Liszewski CL, Lester D. Source: Psychological Reports. 2000 December; 87(3 Pt 1): 802. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11191391&dopt=Abstract

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Autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnancy and the postpartum period: relationship to spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Bagis T, Gokcel A, Saygili ES. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2001 November; 11(11): 1049-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762715&dopt=Abstract

44 Abortion

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Avoiding anomalous newborns: preemptive abortion, treatment thresholds and the case of baby Messenger. Author(s): Gross ML. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2000 August; 26(4): 242-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10951918&dopt=Abstract

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Banning partial-birth abortion: drafting a constitutionally acceptable statute. Author(s): Gough AD. Source: Univ Dayton Law Rev. 1998 Fall; 24(1): 187-214. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12774818&dopt=Abstract

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Banning partial-birth abortion: drafting a constitutionally acceptable statute. Author(s): Gough AD. Source: Spec Law Dig Health Care Law. 2000 August; (257): 9-36. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11066592&dopt=Abstract

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Barriers to use of oral contraceptives in ethnic Chinese women presenting for abortion. Author(s): Wiebe ER, Sent L, Fong S, Chan J. Source: Contraception. 2002 February; 65(2): 159-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11927119&dopt=Abstract

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Between “science” and “superstition”: moral perceptions of induced abortion among young adults in Vietnam. Author(s): Gammeltoft T. Source: Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 2002 September; 26(3): 313-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12555903&dopt=Abstract

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Beyond apocalypse and apology: a moral defense of abortion. Author(s): Borgmann C, Weiss C. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 40-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602758&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral endogenous Candida endophthalmitis after induced abortion. Author(s): Sikic J, Vukojevic N, Katusic D, Saric B. Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2001 December; 42(6): 676-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11740854&dopt=Abstract

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Bleeding and spontaneous abortion after therapy for infertility. Author(s): Pezeshki K, Feldman J, Stein DE, Lobel SM, Grazi RV. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2000 September; 74(3): 504-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10973646&dopt=Abstract

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Bleeding patterns after early abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol or manual vacuum aspiration. Author(s): Davis A, Westhoff C, De Nonno L. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 141-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846324&dopt=Abstract

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Blocking antibodies in blood from patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion in relation to pregnancy outcome and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Author(s): Jablonowska B, Palfi M, Ernerudh J, Kjellberg S, Selbing A. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2001 April; 45(4): 226-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11327549&dopt=Abstract

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Blood lead levels measured prospectively and risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Borja-Aburto VH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Rojas Lopez M, Farias P, Rios C, Blanco J. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 September 15; 150(6): 590-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10489998&dopt=Abstract

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Blood loss with mifepristone--misoprostol abortion: measures from a trial in China, Cuba and India. Author(s): Harper C, Winikoff B, Ellertson C, Coyaji K. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1998 October; 63(1): 39-49. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9849710&dopt=Abstract

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Blood plasma levels of lipoperoxides, glutathione peroxidase, beta carotene, vitamin A and E in women with habitual abortion. Author(s): Simsek M, Naziroglu M, Simsek H, Cay M, Aksakal M, Kumru S. Source: Cell Biochemistry and Function. 1998 December; 16(4): 227-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9857484&dopt=Abstract

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BMA annual representative meeting: women in Ulster should have access to abortion services. Author(s): Beecham L. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2003 July 12; 327(7406): 72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12855519&dopt=Abstract

46 Abortion

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Booklet on abortion. Author(s): MacLean N. Source: N Z Med J. 1999 February 26; 112(1082): 60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10091903&dopt=Abstract

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Bowel injury as a complication of induced abortion: a case report and literature review. Author(s): Coffman S. Source: The American Surgeon. 2001 October; 67(10): 924-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11603545&dopt=Abstract

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Bowel prolapse through perforated uterus following induced abortion. Author(s): Ntia IO, Ekele BA. Source: West Afr J Med. 2000 July-September; 19(3): 209-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11126086&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer risk and induced abortion: the debate continues. Author(s): Carroll P. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2002 May; 3(5): 267; Author Reply 267-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12067800&dopt=Abstract

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British general practitioners' attitudes toward abortion. Author(s): Francome C, Freeman E. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 July-August; 32(4): 189-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10942355&dopt=Abstract

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Bush's debut: playing both sides on the abortion issue. Author(s): Greenberg DS. Source: Lancet. 2001 February 10; 357(9254): 451. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11273076&dopt=Abstract

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Caffeine intake and the risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Cnattingius S, Signorello LB, Anneren G, Clausson B, Ekbom A, Ljunger E, Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Petersson G, Rane A, Granath F. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000 December 21; 343(25): 1839-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11117975&dopt=Abstract

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Caffeine intake and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Cnattingius S, Ekbom A, Granath F, Rane A. Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2003 August; 41(8): 1202; Author Reply 1203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12892094&dopt=Abstract

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Caffeine metabolism and the risk of spontaneous abortion of normal karyotype fetuses. Author(s): Signorello LB, Nordmark A, Granath F, Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Anneren G, Lundgren S, Ekbom A, Rane A, Cnattingius S. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 December; 98(6): 1059-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11755554&dopt=Abstract

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Calculating induced abortion rates--a reply. Author(s): Ghebrehewer S, Ashton J. Source: Br J Fam Plann. 1999 January; 24(4): 173. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10075491&dopt=Abstract

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Can a busy abortion service cope with a screen-and-treat policy for Chlamydia trachomatis infection? Author(s): Cameron ST, Stewart S, Sutherland S. Source: International Journal of Std & Aids. 2003 January; 14(1): 50-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12590794&dopt=Abstract

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Can secular patients survive Catholic hospitals?: merger trends threaten abortion, contraception, living wills. Author(s): Flynn T. Source: Free Inq. 2000 Winter; 21(1): 32-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12528746&dopt=Abstract

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Can women in less-developed countries use a simplified medical abortion regimen? Author(s): Elul B, Hajri S, Ngoc NN, Ellertson C, Slama CB, Pearlman E, Winikoff B. Source: Lancet. 2001 May 5; 357(9266): 1402-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11356438&dopt=Abstract

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Cancer risk. Review rules out abortion-cancer link. Author(s): Couzin J. Source: Science. 2003 March 7; 299(5612): 1498. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12624240&dopt=Abstract

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Candor and the court: the Supreme Court will confront as never before the violent nature of mid- and later-term abortion. Author(s): Stith R. Source: America. 2000 April 1; 182(11): 13-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11913437&dopt=Abstract

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Cannula fracture in first trimester abortion: a case report and survey of NAF providers. Author(s): Edelman A, Jensen J, Nelson E, Nichols M. Source: Contraception. 2003 January; 67(1): 49-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521658&dopt=Abstract

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Case-control differences in the reliability of reporting a history of induced abortion. Author(s): Tang MT, Weiss NS, Daling JR, Malone KE. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 June 15; 151(12): 1139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10905525&dopt=Abstract

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Cell microchimerism in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion: preliminary results. Author(s): Cadavid A, Rugeles MT, Pena B, Sanchez F, Garcia H, Garcia G, Botero J, Castaneda, Ossa J. Source: Early Pregnancy. 1997 September; 3(3): 199-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10086070&dopt=Abstract

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Central and eastern Europe: recent trends in abortion law. Author(s): Rahman A, Katzive L. Source: Med Law. 1999; 18(2-3): 373-87. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10536403&dopt=Abstract

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Change of venue: abortion regulation in the states. Author(s): Rogers EH. Source: Tex J Women Law. 1994; 3(1): 123-33. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12645607&dopt=Abstract

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Changing abortion policy in Turkey. Author(s): Aydin E. Source: Hec Forum : an Interdisciplinary Journal on Hospitals' Ethical and Legal Issues. 2000 June; 12(2): 177-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11066197&dopt=Abstract

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Changing tactics in the abortion argument: does a fetus feel pain? Author(s): Goodman NW. Source: Br J Hosp Med. 1997 December 10; 58(11): 550. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10193468&dopt=Abstract

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Characteristics of Pakistani women seeking abortion and a profile of abortion clinics. Author(s): Rehan N, Inayatullah A, Chaudhary I. Source: Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine. 2001 October; 10(8): 80510. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11703893&dopt=Abstract

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Choice of and satisfaction with methods of medical and surgical abortion among U.S. clinic patients. Author(s): Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Satre SJ. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2001 September-October; 33(5): 212-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11589542&dopt=Abstract

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Choices about abortion method: assessing the quality of patient information leaflets in England and Wales. Author(s): Wong SS, Bekker HL, Thornton JG, Gbolade BA. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 March; 110(3): 263-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12628264&dopt=Abstract

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Cigarette, alcohol, and caffeine consumption: risk factors for spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Rasch V. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003 February; 82(2): 182-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12648183&dopt=Abstract

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Clandestine abortion in Latin America: provider perspectives. Author(s): Rodriguez K, Strickler J. Source: Women Health. 1999; 28(3): 59-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10374808&dopt=Abstract

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Clandestine abortion in Mexico: a question of mental as well as physical health. Author(s): Amuchastegui Herrera A, Rivas Zivy M. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 95-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369336&dopt=Abstract

50 Abortion

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Clear and compelling evidence: the Polish tribunal on abortion rights. Author(s): Girard F, Nowicka W. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 22-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369330&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical observation on 41 cases of threatened and habitual abortion treated by blood activation and stasis removal. Author(s): Jiang J, Li G, Zang M. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1997 December; 17(4): 259-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10437207&dopt=Abstract

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Clinicians' perception of sonogram indication for mifepristone abortion up to 63 days. Author(s): Fielding SL, Schaff EA, Nam NY. Source: Contraception. 2002 July; 66(1): 27-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12169378&dopt=Abstract

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Cocaine and tobacco use and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Ness RB, Grisso JA, Hirschinger N, Markovic N, Shaw LM, Day NL, Kline J. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 February 4; 340(5): 333-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9929522&dopt=Abstract

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Cocaine, smoking, and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Mills JL. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 February 4; 340(5): 380-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9929530&dopt=Abstract

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Coexistence of a heterotopic pregnancy associated with a homolateral ovarian cyst in a patient submitted to elective abortion. Author(s): Dessole S, Ruiu GA, Cherchi PL. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2000; 49(4): 277-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10828714&dopt=Abstract

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Collaborative research and development on mifepristone in China to reduce unwanted pregnancies and recourse to abortion. Author(s): Duncan GW. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 December; 67 Suppl 2: S69-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10661743&dopt=Abstract

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Combination of laparoscopic sterilization with abortion. Author(s): Kalegyn A. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 2001 November; 8(4): 614-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11677347&dopt=Abstract

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Commercial availability of misoprostol and induced abortion in Brazil. Author(s): Costa SH. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1998 December; 63 Suppl 1: S131-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10075223&dopt=Abstract

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Comparing abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol to methotrexate alone. Author(s): Wiebe ER. Source: Contraception. 1999 January; 59(1): 7-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10342080&dopt=Abstract

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Comparing the acceptability of manual vacuum aspiration and electric vacuum aspiration as methods of early abortion. Author(s): Bird ST, Harvey SM, Nichols MD, Edelman A. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2001 Summer; 56(3): 124-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11506150&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of pain and time of procedures with two first-trimester abortion techniques performed by residents and faculty. Author(s): Edelman A, Nichols MD, Jensen J. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 June; 184(7): 1564-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11408881&dopt=Abstract

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Complicated induced abortion in Sagamu, Nigeria. Author(s): Sule-Odu AO, Olatunji AO, Akindele RA. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 January; 22(1): 58-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521731&dopt=Abstract

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Complications from unsafe abortion: presentations at Ilorin, Nigeria. Author(s): Fawole AA, Aboyeji AP. Source: Niger J Med. 2002 April-June; 11(2): 77-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12221965&dopt=Abstract

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Complications of abortion performed under local anesthesia. Author(s): Thonneau P, Fougeyrollas B, Ducot B, Boubilley D, Dif J, Lalande M, Soulat C. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1998 October; 81(1): 59-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9846716&dopt=Abstract

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Complications of induced abortion and miscarriage in three African countries: a hospital-based study among WHO collaborating centers. Author(s): Goyaux N, Alihonou E, Diadhiou F, Leke R, Thonneau PF. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 June; 80(6): 568-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11380296&dopt=Abstract

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Complications of unsafe abortion: a case study and the need for abortion law reform in Nigeria. Author(s): Oye-Adeniran BA, Umoh AV, Nnatu SN. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 18-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369323&dopt=Abstract

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Conception rates after abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Author(s): Creinin MD. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 May; 65(2): 183-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10405063&dopt=Abstract

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Condom failures in women presenting for abortion. Author(s): Sparrow MJ. Source: N Z Med J. 1999 August 27; 112(1094): 319-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10493443&dopt=Abstract

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Congestive heart failure and septic abortion. Author(s): Singh SK, Arora P, Singh SK, Singh SK, Pal S, Singh KK, Agrawal JK. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1999 February; 75(880): 117-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10448480&dopt=Abstract

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Consensual sex without assuming the risk of carrying an unwanted fetus; another foundation for the right to an abortion. Author(s): Walen A. Source: Brooklyn Law Rev. 1997; 63: 1051-140. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12173635&dopt=Abstract

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Constitutional law: state partial birth abortion statutes may be constitutional. Author(s): O'Connell K. Source: The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 1999 Winter; 27(4): 384-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11067624&dopt=Abstract

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Constitutional persons: an exchange on abortion. Author(s): Schlueter N, Bork RH. Source: First Things (New York, N.Y.). 2003 January; (129): 28-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12731559&dopt=Abstract

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Constructing access to legal abortion services in Mexico City. Author(s): Billings DL, Moreno C, Ramos C, Gonzalez de Leon D, Ramirez R, Villasenor Martinez L, Rivera Diaz M. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 86-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369335&dopt=Abstract

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Contemporary issues for spontaneous abortion. Does recurrent abortion exist? Author(s): Reindollar RH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2000 September; 27(3): 541-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10958002&dopt=Abstract

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Continuing metformin throughout pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome appears to safely reduce first-trimester spontaneous abortion: a pilot study. Author(s): Glueck CJ, Phillips H, Cameron D, Sieve-Smith L, Wang P. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2001 January; 75(1): 46-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11163815&dopt=Abstract

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Contraception and abortion in the Greco-Roman world. Author(s): Prioreschi P. Source: Vesalius. 1995 December; 1(2): 77-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11618550&dopt=Abstract

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Contraception and induced abortion in rural Ghana. Author(s): Geelhoed DW, Nayembil D, Asare K, van Leeuwen JH, van Roosmalen J. Source: Tropical Medicine & International Health : Tm & Ih. 2002 August; 7(8): 708-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167098&dopt=Abstract

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Contraceptive practices of women after abortion in Turkey. Author(s): Karabacak O, Arslan M, Eren LC, Erdem A. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2001 September; 6(3): 129-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11763975&dopt=Abstract

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Contraceptive risk-taking in women and men facing legal abortion. Author(s): Kero A, Hogberg U, Lalos A. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2001 December; 6(4): 205-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11848650&dopt=Abstract

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Contraceptive usage among abortion seekers in Nigeria. Author(s): Adewole LF, Oye-Adeniran BA, Iwere N, Oladokun A, Gbadegesin A, Babarinsa LA. Source: West Afr J Med. 2002 April-June; 21(2): 112-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12403030&dopt=Abstract

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Convincing new providers to offer medical abortion: what will it take? Author(s): Coeytaux F, Moore K, Gelberg L. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 44-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602759&dopt=Abstract

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Counseling for medical abortion. Author(s): Breitbart V. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S2633. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944367&dopt=Abstract

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Counseling patients when abortion is legal and the fetus is viable. Author(s): Minkoff H, Powderly KE. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000 Fall; 55(5): 261-2, 274. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11070642&dopt=Abstract

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Creating linkages between incomplete abortion treatment and family planning services in Kenya. Author(s): Solo J, Billings DL, Aloo-Obunga C, Ominde A, Makumi M. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 1999 March; 30(1): 17-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10216893&dopt=Abstract

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Crossing the border for abortion services: the Tijuana-San Diego connection. Author(s): Angulo V, Guendelman S. Source: Health Care for Women International. 2002 September-November; 23(6-7): 64253. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12418985&dopt=Abstract

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Crossing the line: the political and moral battle over late-term abortion. Author(s): Oliveri RC. Source: Yale J Law Fem. 1998; 10(2): 397-448. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12741374&dopt=Abstract

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Curettage after mifepristone-induced abortion: frequency, timing, and indications. Author(s): Child TJ, Rees M, MacKenzie IZ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 December; 98(6): 1149-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11755574&dopt=Abstract

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Curettage after mifepristone-induced abortion: frequency, timing, and indications. Author(s): Allen RH, Westhoff C, De Nonno L, Fielding SL, Schaff EA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 July; 98(1): 101-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11430965&dopt=Abstract

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Cytogenetic study of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Salwati S, Sharifah NA, Nafisah A, Zulkifli S. Source: Med J Malaysia. 2002 September; 57(3): 374-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12440281&dopt=Abstract

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Cytokine production by maternal lymphocytes during normal human pregnancy and in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Raghupathy R, Makhseed M, Azizieh F, Omu A, Gupta M, Farhat R. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2000 March; 15(3): 713-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10686225&dopt=Abstract

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Cytomegalovirus in human abortion in Espirito Santo, Brazil. Author(s): Spano LC, Vargas PR, Ribeiro FS, Leite JP, Nascimento JP. Source: Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. 2002 August; 25 Suppl 2: S173-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12361767&dopt=Abstract

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Decidual mast cells might be involved in the onset of human first-trimester abortion. Author(s): Marx L, Arck P, Kieslich C, Mitterlechner S, Kapp M, Dietl J. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 January; 41(1): 34-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10097785&dopt=Abstract

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Decidual natural killer cells in recurrent spontaneous abortion with normal chromosomal content. Author(s): Yamamoto T, Takahashi Y, Kase N, Mori H. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 May; 41(5): 337-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10378029&dopt=Abstract

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Decreasing the need for abortion: challenges and constraints. Author(s): Benagiano G, Pera A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2000 July; 70(1): 35-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10884532&dopt=Abstract

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Defending abortion: should we treat the body as property? Author(s): Roy I. Source: Public Aff Q. 1999 October; 13(4): 309-29. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11858285&dopt=Abstract

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Deficiency of decidual IL-10 in first trimester missed abortion: a lack of correlation with the decidual immune cell profile. Author(s): Plevyak M, Hanna N, Mayer S, Murphy S, Pinar H, Fast L, Ekerfelt C, Ernerudh J, Berg G, Matthiesen L, Sharma S. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2002 April; 47(4): 242-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12069391&dopt=Abstract

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Delayed delivery of second twin after chorioamnionitis and abortion of first twin at 21 weeks gestation. Author(s): Bollen B, Padwick M. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2000 November; 93(1): 109-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11000514&dopt=Abstract

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Delivery of retained placenta by misoprostol in second trimester abortion. Author(s): Li YT, Yin CS. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 August; 74(2): 215-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11502305&dopt=Abstract

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Department to take up GP abortion offer. Author(s): Bateman C. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 2002 June; 92(6): 406-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12146118&dopt=Abstract

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Depression and unintended pregnancy in young women. Unmarried women do not show psychological harm from abortion. Author(s): Goddik S. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2002 May 4; 324(7345): 1097; Author Reply 1097-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11993497&dopt=Abstract

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Depression associated with abortion and childbirth: a long-term analysis of the NLSY cohort. Author(s): Cougle JR, Reardon DC, Coleman PK. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2003 April; 9(4): Cr105-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12709667&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-11 in plasma from women with spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Koumantaki Y, Matalliotakis I, Sifakis S, Kyriakou D, Neonaki M, Goymenou A, Koumantakis E. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2001 September; 98(1): 66-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11516802&dopt=Abstract

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Determinants of abortion among women admitted to hospitals in Fortaleza, North Eastern Brazil. Author(s): Misago C, Fonseca W, Correia L, Fernandes LM, Campbell O. Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 1998 October; 27(5): 833-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9839740&dopt=Abstract

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Determinants of abortion among women undergoing artificial termination of pregnancy. Author(s): Kozinszky Z, Boda K, Bartfai GY. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2001 September; 6(3): 145-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11763978&dopt=Abstract

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Determination of Rh blood group of fetuses in abortions by suction curettage. Author(s): Greendyke RM, Banzhaf JC, LaFerla JJ. Source: Transfusion. 1976 May-June; 16(3): 267-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=820021&dopt=Abstract

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Developing community-based strategies to decrease maternal morbidity and mortality due to unsafe abortion: pre-intervention report. Author(s): Rogo KO, Bohmer L, Ombaka C. Source: East Afr Med J. 1999 November; 76(11 Suppl): S1-71. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10955060&dopt=Abstract

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Development of an interactive multimedia training simulator for responding to abortion clinic bomb threats. Author(s): Chung CA. Source: Ieee Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine : a Publication of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2000 March; 4(1): 79-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10761779&dopt=Abstract

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Developments in abortion laws. Comparative and international perspectives. Author(s): Cook RJ. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000 September; 913: 74-87. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11040830&dopt=Abstract

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Dialogue on suicide and abortion. Author(s): McDaniel Y, Saulson SB, Datz M, Reines AJ. Source: J Reform Jud. 1990 Fall; 37(4): 49-58. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11831281&dopt=Abstract

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Did abortion legalization reduce the number of unwanted children? Evidence from adoptions. Author(s): Bitler M, Madeline Z. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2002 January-February; 34(1): 25-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11990636&dopt=Abstract

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Dietary factors and risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Di Cintio E, Parazzini F, Chatenoud L, Surace M, Benzi G, Zanconato G, La Vecchia C. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2001 March; 95(1): 132-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11267735&dopt=Abstract

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Differential expression of Bcl-2 proto-oncogene in the trophoblast from embryos with Down's syndrome and those after spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Tamiolakis D, Papadopoulos N, Manavis J, Alexiadis G, Karamanidis D, Kotini A, Bounovas A, Simopoulos K. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 28(3): 163-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11530864&dopt=Abstract

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Differential expression of interleukins (IL) IL-13 and IL-15 throughout the menstrual cycle in endometrium of normal fertile women and women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Chegini N, Ma C, Roberts M, Williams RS, Ripps BA. Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2002 July-August; 56(1-2): 93-110. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12106886&dopt=Abstract

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Differentiating tubal abortion from viable ectopic pregnancy with serum CA-125 and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin determinations. Author(s): Predanic M. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2000 March; 73(3): 522-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10689006&dopt=Abstract

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Digoxin to facilitate late second-trimester abortion: a randomized, masked, placebocontrolled trial. Author(s): Jackson RA, Teplin VL, Drey EA, Thomas LJ, Darney PD. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 March; 97(3): 471-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11239659&dopt=Abstract

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Disappearance of clonally expanded T cells after allogeneic leukocyte immunotherapy in peripheral blood of patients with habitual abortion. Author(s): Masuko-Hongo K, Hayashi K, Yonamine K, Tokuyama M, Nishioka K, Kato T. Source: Human Immunology. 2001 October; 62(10): 1111-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11600218&dopt=Abstract

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Distributions of endometrial NK cells, B cells, T cells, and Th2/Tc2 cells fail to predict pregnancy outcome following recurrent abortion. Author(s): Michimata T, Ogasawara MS, Tsuda H, Suzumori K, Aoki K, Sakai M, Fujimura M, Nagata K, Nakamura M, Saito S. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2002 April; 47(4): 196-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12069386&dopt=Abstract

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DNA analysis of abortion material assisted by histology screening. Author(s): Karger B, Rand SP, Duchesne A. Source: The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology : Official Publication of the National Association of Medical Examiners. 2001 December; 22(4): 397-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11764909&dopt=Abstract

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Do better family planning services reduce abortion in Bangladesh? Author(s): Rahman M, DaVanzo J, Razzaque A. Source: Lancet. 2001 September 29; 358(9287): 1051-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11589936&dopt=Abstract

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Do women's attitudes towards abortion and contraceptive methods influence their option for sterilization? Author(s): Vieira EM. Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica / Ministerio Da Saude, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional De Saude Publica. 1999 October-December; 15(4): 739-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10633196&dopt=Abstract

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Docs vs. lawyers. Who should decide when and how to perform an abortion? Author(s): Mulrine A. Source: U.S. News & World Report. 2003 March 24; 134(9): 50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688012&dopt=Abstract

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Doctor who bungled abortion is allowed to continue working. Author(s): Dyer O. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2003 March 29; 326(7391): 679. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12663392&dopt=Abstract

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Doctors and dying declarations: the role of the state in abortion regulation in British Columbia, 1917-37. Author(s): Klausen S. Source: Can Bull Med Hist. 1996 May; 13(1): 53-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11623409&dopt=Abstract

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Does an acidic medium enhance the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming? Author(s): Singh K, Fong YF, Prasad RN, Dong F. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 June; 14(6): 1635-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10357990&dopt=Abstract

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Does male age affect the risk of spontaneous abortion? An approach using semiparametric regression. Author(s): Slama R, Werwatz A, Boutou O, Ducot B, Spira A, Hardle W. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 May 1; 157(9): 815-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12727675&dopt=Abstract

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Does the liberalisation of abortion laws increase the number of abortions? The case study of Spain. Author(s): Peiro R, Colomer C, Alvarez-Dardet C, Ashton JR. Source: European Journal of Public Health. 2001 June; 11(2): 190-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11420809&dopt=Abstract

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Does the risk of abortion increase in women with high human herpesvirus-8 antibody titers? Author(s): Sarmati L, Ticconi C, Santangelo R, Montano M, Rezza G, Andreoni M. Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2003 July 1; 188(1): 173-4; Author Reply 174-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12825187&dopt=Abstract

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Domestic violence among women seeking post-abortion care. Author(s): Kaye D. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 December; 75(3): 323-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11728500&dopt=Abstract

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Domestic violence and induced-abortion: report of three cases. Author(s): Kaye D. Source: East Afr Med J. 2001 October; 78(10): 555-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11921602&dopt=Abstract

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Double-blind randomized trial of mifepristone in combination with vaginal gemeprost or misoprostol for induction of abortion up to 63 days gestation. Author(s): Bartley J, Brown A, Elton R, Baird DT. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2001 October; 16(10): 2098-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11574498&dopt=Abstract

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Drinking water and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Whorton D. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1999 March; 10(2): 203-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10069263&dopt=Abstract

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Drinking water source and spontaneous abortion: A cross-sectional study in a rural Chinese population. Author(s): Cho SI, Li Q, Yang J, Chen C, Padungtod C, Ryan L, Christiani DC, XU X. Source: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health : Official Journal of the International Commission on Occupational Health. 1999 July-September; 5(3): 164-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10441254&dopt=Abstract

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Dulling the pain won't justify late abortion. Author(s): Kenny M. Source: Nurs Times. 2000 September 7-13; 96(36): 8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11968249&dopt=Abstract

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Early abortion by mifepristone (RU 486) followed by vaginal gel (meteneprost) versus oral (misoprostol) prostaglandin. Author(s): Takkar D, Agarwal N, Sehgal R, Buckshee K. Source: Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception. 1999; 15(2): 163-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10997897&dopt=Abstract

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Early abortion services in the United States: a provider survey. Author(s): Benson J, Clark KA, Gerhardt A, Randall L, Dudley S. Source: Contraception. 2003 April; 67(4): 287-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12684150&dopt=Abstract

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Early abortion with 800 micrograms of misoprostol by the vaginal route. Author(s): Esteve JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Cabezas E, Sanchez C. Source: Contraception. 1999 April; 59(4): 219-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10457865&dopt=Abstract

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Early abortion. Update and implications for midwifery practice. Author(s): Narrigan D. Source: Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 1998 November-December; 43(6): 492-501. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9871382&dopt=Abstract

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Early medical abortion in India: three studies and their implications for abortion services. Author(s): Coyaji K. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 191-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846337&dopt=Abstract

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Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Author(s): Elahi EH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 May; 97(5 Pt 1): 800. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11354072&dopt=Abstract

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Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Author(s): Borgatta L, Burnhill MS, Tyson J, Leonhardt KK, Hausknecht RU, Haskell S. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 January; 97(1): 11-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11152899&dopt=Abstract

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Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol: outcomes and satisfaction among women aged 15-21 years. Author(s): Borgatta L, French A, Vragovic O, Burnhill MS. Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2001 February; 14(1): 9-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11358701&dopt=Abstract

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Early options: educating physicians and women about medical abortion. Author(s): Hinnegan ST. Source: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2002 January-February; 47(1): 66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11874097&dopt=Abstract

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Early pregnancy factor activity in serum of patients with surgical abortion. Author(s): Cheng SJ, Ma AY, Qiao CX, Zheng ZQ. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 October; 44(4): 211-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11076092&dopt=Abstract

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Early surgical abortion: an alternative to and backup for medical abortion. Author(s): Macisaac L, Darney P. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S7683. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944372&dopt=Abstract

64 Abortion

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Early surgical abortion: efficacy and safety. Author(s): Paul ME, Mitchell CM, Rogers AJ, Fox MC, Lackie EG. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 August; 187(2): 407-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12193934&dopt=Abstract

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Easing the pain: pain management in the treatment of incomplete abortion. Author(s): Solo J. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 May; 8(15): 45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424267&dopt=Abstract

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Education on abortion in medical schools appalling. Author(s): Cole M. Source: Can Fam Physician. 2002 August; 48: 1292. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12228956&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of causing fetal cardiac asystole on second-trimester abortion. Author(s): Elimian A, Verma U, Tejani N. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 July; 94(1): 139-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10389735&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of sairei-to and tokishakuyaku-san on cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon recognition of HLA-G protein in the treatment of recurrent abortion. Author(s): Fujii T, Hamai Y, Kozuma S, Miki A, Yamashita T, Hyodo H, Unno N, Taketani Y. Source: Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1999 May; 21(4): 261-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10399132&dopt=Abstract

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Elective abortion as a primary health service in rural India: experience with manual vacuum aspiration. Author(s): Iyengar K, Iyengar SD. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 54-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369332&dopt=Abstract

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Eliciting qualitative information about induced abortion: lessons from Northeast Thailand. Author(s): Whittaker A. Source: Health Care for Women International. 2002 September-November; 23(6-7): 63141. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12418984&dopt=Abstract

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Emergency contraceptive pills can prevent abortion. Author(s): Grossman R. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2001 July; 91(7): 1137-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11441748&dopt=Abstract

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Endocrine abnormalities during the follicular phase in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Bussen S, Sutterlin M, Steck T. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 January; 14(1): 18-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10374087&dopt=Abstract

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Endometriosis and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: pathological states resulting from aberrant modulation of natural killer cell function? Author(s): Somigliana E, Vigano P, Vignali M. Source: Human Reproduction Update. 1999 January-February; 5(1): 40-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10333368&dopt=Abstract

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Estimating the efficacy of medical abortion. Author(s): Trussell J, Ellertson C. Source: Contraception. 1999 September; 60(3): 119-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10640155&dopt=Abstract

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Ethical issues in gynecology: adolescent confidentiality, provider conscience and abortion, and patient choice of provider gender. Author(s): Adams KE. Source: Curr Womens Health Rep. 2002 December; 2(6): 423-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12429075&dopt=Abstract

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Ethical issues of fetal tissue transplantation: research, procurement, and complicity with abortion. Author(s): Sparks RC. Source: Annu Soc Christ Ethics. 1990; : 199-221. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11949677&dopt=Abstract

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Ethics and politics of embryo and stem cell research: reinscribing the abortion debate. Author(s): Harris LH. Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 2000 May-June; 10(3): 146-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10828552&dopt=Abstract

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Ethics of abortion: in the public's view. Author(s): Allen JC. Source: Br J Hosp Med. 1997 November 19-December 9; 58(10): 531. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10193460&dopt=Abstract

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Ethics on the job: a survey. Where nurses stand on abortion. Author(s): Ventura MJ. Source: Rn. 1999 March; 62(3): 44-7; Quiz 48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10205565&dopt=Abstract

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Europe finds abortion pill is no magic cure-all. Author(s): Daley S. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2000 October 5; : A3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12159835&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of first trimester pregnancy in cases of threatened abortion by means of doppler sonography. Author(s): Sieroszewski P, Suzin J, Bernaschek G, Deutinger J. Source: Ultraschall in Der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980). 2001 October; 22(5): 20812. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11607888&dopt=Abstract

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Ex-boyfriend loses bid to halt an abortion. Author(s): Liptak A. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2002 August 6; : A10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12391966&dopt=Abstract

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Exercise and spontaneous abortion of known karyotype. Author(s): Latka M, Kline J, Hatch M. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1999 January; 10(1): 73-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9888283&dopt=Abstract

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Expectant, medical, or surgical treatment of spontaneous abortion in first trimester of pregnancy? A pooled quantitative literature evaluation. Author(s): Geyman JP, Oliver LM, Sullivan SD. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 1999 January-February; 12(1): 55-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10050644&dopt=Abstract

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Exposure to environmental and mainstream tobacco smoke and risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Windham GC, Von Behren J, Waller K, Fenster L. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 February 1; 149(3): 243-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9927219&dopt=Abstract

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Exposure to phenoxy herbicides and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Arbuckle TE, Savitz DA, Mery LS, Curtis KM. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1999 November; 10(6): 752-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10535791&dopt=Abstract

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Exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress symptomatology among abortion clinic workers. Author(s): Fitzpatrick KM, Wilson M. Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress. 1999 April; 12(2): 227-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10378163&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of intracellular Th1 and Th2 cytokines in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, implantation failures after IVF/ET or normal pregnancy. Author(s): Ng SC, Gilman-Sachs A, Thaker P, Beaman KD, Beer AE, Kwak-Kim J. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2002 August; 48(2): 77-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12389596&dopt=Abstract

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Extremely skewed X-chromosome inactivation is increased in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Sangha KK, Stephenson MD, Brown CJ, Robinson WP. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1999 September; 65(3): 913-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10441596&dopt=Abstract

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Factor V Leiden and antibodies against phospholipids and protein S in a young woman with recurrent thromboses and abortion. Author(s): Espana F, Villa P, Mira Y, Grancha S, Royo M, Estelles A, Vaya A, Aznar J. Source: Haematologica. 1999 January; 84(1): 80-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10091395&dopt=Abstract

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Factor V leiden and factor II G20210A mutations in patients with recurrent abortion. Author(s): Souza SS, Ferriani RA, Pontes AG, Zago MA, Franco RF. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 October; 14(10): 2448-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10527966&dopt=Abstract

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Factors affecting the outcome of early medical abortion: a review of 4132 consecutive cases. Author(s): Ashok PW, Templeton A, Wagaarachchi PT, Flett GM. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 November; 109(11): 1281-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12452467&dopt=Abstract

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Factors influencing the detection of uterine cancer by suction curettage and endometrial brushing. Author(s): Yang GC, Wan LS, Del Priore G. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 December; 47(12): 1005-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12516318&dopt=Abstract

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Factors related with induced abortion among primigravid women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Author(s): Nguyen TD, Nguyen QV, Trinh HP, Huynh NK, Tran MT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen DP, Tran TL, Goto A. Source: J Epidemiol. 2002 September; 12(5): 375-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12395881&dopt=Abstract

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Familial cryptic translocation with del 4q34-->qter and dup 12pter-->p13 in sibs with tracheal stenosis: clinical, classical and molecular cytogenetic studies and CGH analyses from archival placental tissues evidencing tertiary trisomy 4 in one abortion specimen. Author(s): Fritz B, Greber-Platzer S, Frischer T, Streubel B, Groblacher J, Amann G, Ventruba P, Rehder H, Fonatsch C. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2000 October 2; 94(4): 271-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11038438&dopt=Abstract

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Fatal clostridial sepsis after spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Barrett JP, Whiteside JL, Boardman LA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 May; 99(5 Pt 2): 899-901. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11975951&dopt=Abstract

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FDA considering restricted access to “abortion pill”. Author(s): Sibbald B. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2000 September 5; 163(5): 586. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11006770&dopt=Abstract

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Female genital mutilation and the moral status of abortion. Author(s): Conn CH. Source: Public Aff Q. 2001 January; 15(1): 1-15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12564442&dopt=Abstract

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Female-selective abortion in Asia: patterns, policies, and debates. Author(s): Miller BD. Source: Am Anthropol. 2001 December; 103(4): 1083-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12769123&dopt=Abstract

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Femininity and abortion attitudes. Author(s): Phifer JA, Lester D. Source: Psychological Reports. 2000 December; 87(3 Pt 1): 956. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11191412&dopt=Abstract

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Fgl2 prothrombinase expression in mouse trophoblast and decidua triggers abortion but may be countered by OX-2. Author(s): Clark DA, Ding JW, Yu G, Levy GA, Gorczynski RM. Source: Molecular Human Reproduction. 2001 February; 7(2): 185-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11160845&dopt=Abstract

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FIGO society survey: acceptance and use of new ethical guidelines regarding induced abortion for non-medical reasons. Author(s): McKay HE, Rogo KO, Dixon DB. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 December; 75(3): 327-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11728501&dopt=Abstract

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First trimester abortion with mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol. Author(s): Knudsen UB. Source: Contraception. 2001 May; 63(5): 247-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11448463&dopt=Abstract

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First trimester 'retained abortion'--can it be termed 'placenta accreta'? Author(s): Deka D. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 May; 65(2): 189-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10405064&dopt=Abstract

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First trimester surgical abortion practices: a survey of National Abortion Federation members. Author(s): Lichtenberg ES, Paul M, Jones H. Source: Contraception. 2001 December; 64(6): 345-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11834232&dopt=Abstract

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Freedom of choice in birth, abortion and the place of conscientious objection. Author(s): Kristan I. Source: Med Law. 1998; 17(4): 603-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10396920&dopt=Abstract

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Frequency of abortion in different seasons and age groups. Author(s): Talukder SI, Haque A. Source: Mymensingh Med J. 2003 January; 12(1): 8-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12715633&dopt=Abstract

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From abortion to contraception in Europe. Author(s): Kovacs L. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 1999 December; 4(4): 229-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10817093&dopt=Abstract

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From ministry orders towards constitutional debate: lessons drawn from the past 50 years of abortion laws in Hungary. Author(s): Sandor J. Source: Med Law. 1999; 18(2-3): 389-408. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10536404&dopt=Abstract

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From pragmatism to politics: a qualitative study of abortion providers. Author(s): Wear D. Source: Women Health. 2002; 36(4): 103-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12555805&dopt=Abstract

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From the law committee: partial-birth abortion. Author(s): Abelson K. Source: United Synag Rev. 2002 Fall; : 39. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12391972&dopt=Abstract

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Gemeprost versus misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester abortion: a randomized controlled trial. Author(s): Ekerhovd E, Radulovic N, Norstrom A. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 April; 101(4): 722-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12681876&dopt=Abstract

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Generalized abnormal embryonic development in missed abortion: embryoscopic and cytogenetic findings. Author(s): Philipp T, Kalousek DK. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2002 July 22; 111(1): 43-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12124732&dopt=Abstract

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Genetic abortion: considerations for patient care. Author(s): Bourguignon A, Briscoe B, Nemzer L. Source: The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing. 1999 September; 13(2): 47-58. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10818853&dopt=Abstract

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Genetic diagnosis and the abortion paradigm. Author(s): Shultz MM. Source: J Gend Specif Med. 1998 December; 1(3): 20-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11279860&dopt=Abstract

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Gerwirth's ethical rationalism and abortion: a response. Author(s): Jun N. Source: Princet J Bioeth. 2000 Spring; 3(1): 81-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11936140&dopt=Abstract

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Gestational trophoblastic tumor after medical abortion. Author(s): Lichtenberg ES. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 May; 101(5 Pt 2): 1137-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12738129&dopt=Abstract

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Gonococcal endocarditis after a threatened abortion. A case report. Author(s): Pantanowitz L, Hodkinson J, Zeelie R, Jones N. Source: J Reprod Med. 1998 December; 43(12): 1043-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9883408&dopt=Abstract

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Grief after abortion. Author(s): Dowdy D. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2001 February-March; 5(1): 9-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11941702&dopt=Abstract

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Grief after abortion. Author(s): Winstead K. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2001 February-March; 5(1): 9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11941701&dopt=Abstract

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Grief after abortion. Author(s): Vansintejan G. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2001 February-March; 5(1): 9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11941700&dopt=Abstract

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Grief after elective abortion. Author(s): Williams GB. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2000 April-May; 4(2): 37-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11146924&dopt=Abstract

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Grieving abortion loss. Author(s): Baker A. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2000 October-November; 4(5): 9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11898164&dopt=Abstract

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Group B streptococcal meningitis complicating elective abortion: report of 2 cases. Author(s): Deziel PJ, McGuire N, Brown PD. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2000 November; 31(5): E23-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11073784&dopt=Abstract

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Guaranteeing freedom of choice in matters of contraception and abortion in Europe: some personal remarks. Author(s): Serfaty D. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 1999 December; 4(4): 237-45. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10817094&dopt=Abstract

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Gynaecologist faces inquiry after woman nearly dies after abortion. Author(s): Dyer O. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2003 March 15; 326(7389): 566. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12637380&dopt=Abstract

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Haemophilus influenzae septic abortion. Author(s): Cherpes TL, Kusne S, Hillier SL. Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002; 10(3): 161-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12625973&dopt=Abstract

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Haemostatic and metabolic abnormalities in women with unexplained recurrent abortion. Author(s): Coumans AB, Huijgens PC, Jakobs C, Schats R, de Vries JI, van Pampus MG, Dekker GA. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 January; 14(1): 211-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10374122&dopt=Abstract

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Handicapping the odds on the future of Roe v. Wade: can the right to abortion survive in the High Court? Author(s): Drenning MG. Source: Health Care Law Mon. 2003 March; : 3-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12698761&dopt=Abstract

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Have we come a long way, baby? American abortion at the open and close of the twentieth century. Author(s): Baum ME. Source: Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc. 1999 Spring; 62(2): 20-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10414131&dopt=Abstract

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Having an abortion using mifepristone and home misoprostol: a qualitative analysis of women's experiences. Author(s): Fielding SL, Edmunds E, Schaff EA. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2002 January-February; 34(1): 34-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11990637&dopt=Abstract

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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and abortion. Author(s): Merzouki A, Ed-derfoufi F, Molero Mesa J. Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000 December; 73(3): 501-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11091005&dopt=Abstract

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Heparin plus aspirin as a “single” therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion associated with both allo- and autoimmunity. Author(s): Cadavid A, Pena B, Garcia G, Botero J, Sanchez F, Ossa J, Beer A. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 April; 41(4): 271-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10374704&dopt=Abstract

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Herbal factors in the treatment of autoimmunity-related habitual abortion. Author(s): Fujii T. Source: Vitam Horm. 2002; 65: 333-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12481553&dopt=Abstract

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Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. Author(s): Ciganda C, Laborde A. Source: Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 2003; 41(3): 235-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12807304&dopt=Abstract

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Heterotopic pregnancy: discovery of ectopic pregnancy after elective abortion. Author(s): DeFrancesch F, DiLeo L, Martinez J. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1999 March; 92(3): 330-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10094279&dopt=Abstract

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High NK cell activity in early pregnancy correlates with subsequent abortion with normal chromosomes in women with recurrent abortion. Author(s): Yamada H, Kato EH, Kobashi G, Ebina Y, Shimada S, Morikawa M, Sakuragi N, Fujimoto S. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2001 August; 46(2): 132-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11506077&dopt=Abstract

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Highly skewed X-chromosome inactivation is associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Lanasa MC, Hogge WA, Kubik C, Blancato J, Hoffman EP. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1999 July; 65(1): 252-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10364540&dopt=Abstract

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Histological analysis of the products of conception following first trimester abortion at Jordan University Hospital. Author(s): Fram KM. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2002 November 15; 105(2): 147-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12381477&dopt=Abstract

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History of abortion, preterm, term birth, and risk of preeclampsia: a population-based study. Author(s): Xiong X, Fraser WD, Demianczuk NN. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 October; 187(4): 1013-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12388998&dopt=Abstract

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HLA-class I antigens in patients with unexplained recurrent abortion. Author(s): Imai T, Takakuwa K, Ishii K, Adachi H, Higashino M, Kurata H, Tanaka K. Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2001; 29(5): 427-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11723844&dopt=Abstract

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HLA-E polymorphism in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Steffensen R, Christiansen OB, Bennett EP, Jersild C. Source: Tissue Antigens. 1998 December; 52(6): 569-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9894856&dopt=Abstract

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HLA-G gene polymorphism in the normal population and in recurrent spontaneous abortion in Hungary. Author(s): Penzes M, Rajczy K, Gyodi E, Reti M, Feher E, Petranyi G. Source: Transplantation Proceedings. 1999 June; 31(4): 1832-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10371965&dopt=Abstract

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Homologizing pregnancy and motherhood: a consideration of abortion. Author(s): Hanigsberg JE. Source: Michigan Law Review. 1995 November; 94(2): 371-418. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10160508&dopt=Abstract

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Hormones, cytokines and fetal anomalies in habitual abortion. Author(s): Carp H, Torchinsky A, Fein A, Toder V. Source: Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2001 December; 15(6): 472-83. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11826772&dopt=Abstract

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Hospitals fear anti-abortion group's request. Author(s): Scott L. Source: Modern Healthcare. 1994 September 5; 24(36): 6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10136408&dopt=Abstract

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How available is abortion training? Author(s): Landy U, Steinauer JE. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2001 March-April; 33(2): 88-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11330856&dopt=Abstract

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How med students put abortion back in the classroom. Author(s): Edwards TM. Source: Time. 2001 May 7; 157(18): 59-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11373799&dopt=Abstract

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Human cytomegalovirus infection and abortion: an immunohistochemical study. Author(s): Cruz Spano L, Lima Pereira FE, Gomes da Silva Basso N, Mercon-de-Vargas PR. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2002 June; 8(6): Br230-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12072838&dopt=Abstract

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Human male infertility: chromosome anomalies, meiotic disorders, abnormal spermatozoa and recurrent abortion. Author(s): Egozcue S, Blanco J, Vendrell JM, Garcia F, Veiga A, Aran B, Barri PN, Vidal F, Egozcue J. Source: Human Reproduction Update. 2000 January-February; 6(1): 93-105. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10711834&dopt=Abstract

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Human papillomavirus in spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Genest DR, Sun D, Crum CP. Source: Human Pathology. 1999 January; 30(1): 109-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9923938&dopt=Abstract

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Human rights and abortion laws. Author(s): Cook RJ, Dickens BM. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 April; 65(1): 81-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10390109&dopt=Abstract

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Husbands' involvement in abortion in Vietnam. Author(s): Johansson A, Nga NT, Huy TQ, Dat DD, Holmgren K. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 1998 December; 29(4): 400-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9919633&dopt=Abstract

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Hysteroscopic findings in 344 women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Valli E, Zupi E, Marconi D, Vaquero E, Giovannini P, Lazzarin N, Romanini C. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 2001 August; 8(3): 398-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11509781&dopt=Abstract

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IgA-class anti-beta2-glycoprotein I in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Yamada H, Tsutsumi A, Ichikawa K, Kato EH, Koike T, Fujimoto S. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1999 December; 42(12): 2727-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10616025&dopt=Abstract

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Immune regulation during pregnancy and host-pathogen interactions in infectious abortion. Author(s): Entrican G. Source: Journal of Comparative Pathology. 2002 February-April; 126(2-3): 79-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11944996&dopt=Abstract

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Immunoglobulin A anti-beta2-glycoprotein antibodies in women who experience unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and unexplained fetal death. Author(s): Lee RM, Branch DW, Silver RM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 September; 185(3): 748-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11568809&dopt=Abstract

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Immunologic variables in normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Matalliotakis I, Neonaki M, Giannakopoulou C, Goumenou A, Hassan E, Koumantakis E. Source: Int J Fertil Womens Med. 1998 September-October; 43(5): 262-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9863620&dopt=Abstract

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Immunological characteristics of nonpregnant women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion who underwent paternal lymphocytes immunization. Author(s): Malinowski A, Wilczynski J, Zeman K, Glowacka E, Kolasa D, Szpakowski A, Oszukowski P, Szpakowski M. Source: Zentralblatt Fur Gynakologie. 1998; 120(10): 493-502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9823650&dopt=Abstract

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Immunological evaluation of patients with recurrent abortion. Author(s): Souza SS, Ferriani RA, Santos CM, Voltarelli JC. Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2002 July-August; 56(1-2): 111-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12106887&dopt=Abstract

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Immunotherapy prevents recurrent abortion without influencing natural killer receptor status. Author(s): Miki A, Fujii T, Ishikawa Y, Hamai Y, Yamashita T, Tadokoro K, Kozuma S, Juji T, Taketani Y. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 February; 43(2): 98-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10735601&dopt=Abstract

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Improving early options for abortion: it's time to stop waiting. Author(s): Stewart F. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 115-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846318&dopt=Abstract

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In defense of liberal public reason: are slavery and abortion hard cases? Author(s): Macedo S. Source: Am J Jurisprud. 1997; 42: 1-29. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12186057&dopt=Abstract

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In the matter of anonymous, a minor: fetal representation in hearings to waive parental consent for abortion. Author(s): Silverstein H. Source: Cornell J Law Public Policy. 2001 Fall; 11(1): 69-111. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11985362&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence and socioeconomic determinants of abortion in rural Upper Egypt. Author(s): Yassin KM. Source: Public Health. 2000 July; 114(4): 269-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10962589&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence of spontaneous abortion in Bahrain before and after the Gulf War of 1991. Author(s): Rajab KE, Mohammad AM, Mustafa F. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2000 February; 68(2): 139-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10717818&dopt=Abstract

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Incomplete and inevitable abortion: treatment by suction curettage in the emergency department. Author(s): Farrell RG, Stonington DT, Ridgeway RA. Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1982 December; 11(12): 652-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7149355&dopt=Abstract

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Increased blood vessel density in decidua parietalis is associated with spontaneous human first trimester abortion. Author(s): Vailhe B, Dietl J, Kapp M, Toth B, Arck P. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 June; 14(6): 1628-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10357989&dopt=Abstract

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In-depth interviews with medical abortion clients: thoughts on the method and home administration of misoprostol. Author(s): Elul B, Pearlman E, Sorhaindo A, Simonds W, Westhoff C. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 169-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846331&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion and breast cancer risk. Author(s): Lazovich D, Thompson JA, Mink PJ, Sellers TA, Anderson KE. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 January; 11(1): 76-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10615848&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion and contraception: survey of 576 young women in Naples. Author(s): Rotondi M, Labriola D, Ammaturo FP, Perone C, Manzo E, Magliole A, Rampone N, Panariello S. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 27(1): 47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10758800&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion and low birthweight in the following pregnancy. Author(s): Zhou W, Sorensen HT, Olsen J. Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 February; 29(1): 100-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10750610&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion and placenta complications in the subsequent pregnancy. Author(s): Zhou W, Nielsen GL, Larsen H, Olsen J. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 December; 80(12): 1115-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11846708&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion and psychosexuality. Author(s): Bianchi-Demicheli F, Kulier R, Perrin E, Campana A. Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000 December; 21(4): 213-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11191168&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion and risk of breast cancer. Author(s): Brind J, Chinchilli VM. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 March; 11(2): 234-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11021630&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion and subsequent pregnancy duration. Author(s): Zhou W, Sorensen HT, Olsen J. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 December; 94(6): 948-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10576181&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion in relation to breast cancer among parous women: a birth certificate registry study. Author(s): Tang MT, Weiss NS, Malone KE. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 March; 11(2): 177-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11021616&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion in Sri Lanka: who goes to providers for pregnancy termination? Author(s): Ban DJ, Kim J, De Silva WI. Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2002 July; 34(3): 303-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12117211&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion in the Nordic countries: special emphasis on young women. Author(s): Knudsen LB, Gissler M, Bender SS, Hedberg C, Ollendorff U, Sundstrom K, Totlandsdal K, Vilhjalmsdottir S. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003 March; 82(3): 257-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12694123&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion potential among Indian women. Author(s): Mishra US, Ramanathan M, Rajan SI. Source: Soc Biol. 1998 Fall-Winter; 45(3-4): 278-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10085740&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion. Physician training and practice patterns. Author(s): Shanahan MA, Metheny WP, Star J, Peipert JF. Source: J Reprod Med. 1999 May; 44(5): 428-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10360255&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion: a method for birth control? Author(s): Guldal D, Semin S. Source: Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception. 1999; 15(1): 49-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10794046&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion: an ethical conundrum for counselors. Author(s): Millner VS, Hanks RB. Source: Journal of Counseling and Development : Jcd. 2002 Winter; 80(1): 57-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12785332&dopt=Abstract

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Induced and spontaneous abortion and breast cancer risk: results from the E3N cohort study. Author(s): Paoletti X, Clavel-Chapelon F. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 August 20; 106(2): 270-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12800205&dopt=Abstract

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Induced second trimester abortion by extra-amniotic prostaglandin infusion in patients with a cesarean scar: is it safe? Author(s): Shapira S, Goldberger S, Beyth Y, Fejgin MD. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1999 July; 78(6): 511-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10376860&dopt=Abstract

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Infanticide and the liberal view on abortion. Author(s): Card RF. Source: Bioethics. 2000 October; 14(4): 340-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11758587&dopt=Abstract

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Influence of exposure assessment methods on risk estimates in an epidemiologic study of total trihalomethane exposure and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Waller K, Swan SH, Windham GC, Fenster L. Source: Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 2001 November-December; 11(6): 522-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11791168&dopt=Abstract

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Influence of hemostatic factors on spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Nelson DB, Ness RB, Grisso JA, Cushman M. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 2001 June; 18(4): 195-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11444363&dopt=Abstract

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Influence of physician attitudes on willingness to perform abortion. Author(s): Aiyer AN, Ruiz G, Steinman A, Ho GY. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 April; 93(4): 576-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10214836&dopt=Abstract

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Insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device after induced or spontaneous abortion: a review of the evidence. Author(s): Stanwood NL, Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2001 November; 108(11): 1168-73. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762657&dopt=Abstract

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Instituting medical abortion services: changes in outcome and acceptability related to provider experience. Author(s): Borgatta L, Burnhill M, Haskell S, Nichols M, Leonhardt K. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 173-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846332&dopt=Abstract

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Integration of post-abortion care: the role of township medical officers and midwives in Myanmar. Author(s): Htay TT, Sauvarin J, Khan S. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2003 May; 11(21): 27-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12800701&dopt=Abstract

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Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor serum levels in recurrent spontaneous abortion women immunized with paternal white cells. Author(s): Zenclussen AC, Kortebani G, Mazzolli A, Margni R, Malan Borel I. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 July; 44(1): 22-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10976809&dopt=Abstract

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International developments in abortion law from 1988 to 1998. Author(s): Cook RJ, Dickens BM, Bliss LE. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1999 April; 89(4): 579-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10191808&dopt=Abstract

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Interval between pregnancies and risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Wohlfahrt J, Andersen AM, Melbye M. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 January; 11(1): 92-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10615852&dopt=Abstract

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Intrauterine adhesions after conservative and surgical management of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Tam WH, Lau WC, Cheung LP, Yuen PM, Chung TK. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 2002 May; 9(2): 182-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11960045&dopt=Abstract

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Intrauterine infection and spontaneous midgestation abortion: is the spectrum of microorganisms similar to that in preterm labor? Author(s): McDonald HM, Chambers HM. Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000; 8(5-6): 220-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11220481&dopt=Abstract

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Ireland prepares for referendum on abortion. Author(s): Birchard K. Source: Lancet. 2002 February 9; 359(9305): 505. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11853812&dopt=Abstract

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Ireland's doctors' leaders offer subtle shift on abortion stance. Author(s): Birchard K. Source: Lancet. 2001 September 22; 358(9286): 992. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11583766&dopt=Abstract

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Is “abortion culture” fading in the former Soviet Union? Views about abortion and contraception in Kazakhstan. Author(s): Agadjanian V. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 2002 September; 33(3): 237-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12385085&dopt=Abstract

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Is curettage needed for uncomplicated incomplete spontaneous abortion? Author(s): Ballagh SA, Harris HA, Demasio K. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 November; 179(5): 127982. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9822516&dopt=Abstract

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Is current practice around late termination of pregnancy eugenic and discriminatory? Maternal interests and abortion. Author(s): Savulescu J. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2001 June; 27(3): 165-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11417023&dopt=Abstract

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Is it evidence-based practice? Prophylactic antibiotics for termination of pregnancy to minimize post-abortion pelvic infection? Author(s): Uthayakumar S, Tenuwara W, Maiti H. Source: International Journal of Std & Aids. 2000 March; 11(3): 168-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10726939&dopt=Abstract

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Is it evidence-based practice? Prophylactic antibiotics for termination of pregnancy to minimize post-abortion pelvic infection? Author(s): Thompson C. Source: International Journal of Std & Aids. 2000 September; 11(9): 617-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10997509&dopt=Abstract

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Is medical abortion acceptable to all American women: the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on the acceptability of mifepristone-misoprostol abortion. Author(s): Clark S, Ellertson C, Winikoff B. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 177-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846333&dopt=Abstract

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Is pathology examination useful after early surgical abortion? Author(s): Lehrer T. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 August; 100(2): 378; Author Reply 378-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12151167&dopt=Abstract

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Is pathology examination useful after early surgical abortion? Author(s): Shanklin DR. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 October; 100(4): 830-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12383561&dopt=Abstract

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Is pathology examination useful after early surgical abortion? Author(s): Paul M, Lackie E, Mitchell C, Rogers A, Fox M. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 April; 99(4): 567-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12039112&dopt=Abstract

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Is Rh immune globulin needed in early first-trimester abortion? A review. Author(s): Jabara S, Barnhart KT. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 March; 188(3): 623-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12634631&dopt=Abstract

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Is the paternal mononuclear cells' immunization a successful treatment for recurrent spontaneous abortion? Author(s): Ramhorst R, Agriello E, Zittermann S, Pando M, Larriba J, Irigoyen M, Cortelezzi M, Auge L, Lombardi E, Etchepareborda JJ, Contreras Ortiz C, Fainboim L. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 September; 44(3): 129-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11028898&dopt=Abstract

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Is there a 'new ethics of abortion'? Author(s): Gillon R. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2001 October; 27 Suppl 2: Ii5-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11574651&dopt=Abstract

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Is there an ethical difference between preimplantation genetic diagnosis and abortion? Author(s): Cameron C, Williamson R. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2003 April; 29(2): 90-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12672888&dopt=Abstract

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Is voluntary abortion a seasonal disorder of mood? Author(s): Cagnacci A, Volpe A. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2001 August; 16(8): 1748-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11473977&dopt=Abstract

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Isolation and characterization of a black-pigmented Corynebacterium sp. from a woman with spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Shukla SK, Vevea DN, Frank DN, Pace NR, Reed KD. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2001 March; 39(3): 1109-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11230435&dopt=Abstract

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Japanese version of the Quality of Relationship Inventory: its reliability and validity among women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Nakano Y, Sugiura M, Aoki K, Hori S, Oshima M, Kitamura T, Furukawa TA. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2002 October; 56(5): 527-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12193242&dopt=Abstract

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Knowledge and attitudes about the differences between emergency contraception and medical abortion among middle-class women and men of reproductive age in Mexico City. Author(s): Gould H, Ellertson C, Corona G. Source: Contraception. 2002 December; 66(6): 417-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12499034&dopt=Abstract

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Knowledge, use and attitudes towards emergency contraceptive pills among Swedish women presenting for induced abortion. Author(s): Aneblom G, Larsson M, Odlind V, Tyden T. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 February; 109(2): 155-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11888097&dopt=Abstract

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La. abortion law puts funding in jeopardy. Author(s): Lutz S. Source: Modern Healthcare. 1994 August 22; 24(34): 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10135676&dopt=Abstract

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Lack of association between GBV-C infection and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Viazov S, Alberts KR, Ross RS, Seemayer CA, Roggendorf M. Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. 1999 June; 18(6): 458-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10442431&dopt=Abstract

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Laminaria, induced fetal demise and misoprostol in late abortion. Author(s): Hern WM. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 December; 75(3): 279-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11728490&dopt=Abstract

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Laparoscopic observation of the female pelvis following abortions by suction curettage. Author(s): Khan PK. Source: Int Surg. 1977 February; 62(2): 77-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=139381&dopt=Abstract

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Laparoscopic tubal sterilization coincident with therapeutic abortion by suction curettage. Author(s): Whitson LG, Ballard CA, Israel R. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1973 May; 41(5): 677-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4266774&dopt=Abstract

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Late abortion and the European convention for human rights. Author(s): te Braake TA. Source: Med Law. 1999; 18(4): 607-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10687366&dopt=Abstract

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Leak of abortion information creates turmoil at Foothills. Author(s): Cairney R. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 1999 August 24; 161(4): 424-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10478169&dopt=Abstract

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Legal abortion in Asturias (Spain) after the 1985 law: sociodemographic characteristics of women applying for abortion. Author(s): Uria M, Mosquera C. Source: European Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 January; 15(1): 59-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10098997&dopt=Abstract

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Legal abortion in Denmark during the past 25 years: aspects of public health and ethics. Author(s): Goldstein H. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 1998 September; 3(3): 155-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9853207&dopt=Abstract

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Legal abortion in South Australia: a review of the first 30 years. Author(s): Yusuf F, Siedlecky S. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 February; 42(1): 15-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11926636&dopt=Abstract

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Legal abortion in South Australia; a review of the first 30 years. Author(s): Chan A. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 November; 42(5): 576; Author Reply 576-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12495122&dopt=Abstract

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Legal abortion: a painful necessity. Author(s): Kero A, Hogberg U, Jacobsson L, Lalos A. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2001 December; 53(11): 1481-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11710423&dopt=Abstract

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Legal issues in the provision of medical abortion. Author(s): Borgmann CE, Jones BS. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S8494. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944373&dopt=Abstract

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Leiomyomata uteri, genetic amniocentesis, and the risk of second-trimester spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Salvador E, Bienstock J, Blakemore KJ, Pressman E. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 May; 186(5): 913-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12015511&dopt=Abstract

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Leukocyte activation in the decidua of chromosomally normal and abnormal fetuses from women with recurrent abortion. Author(s): Quack KC, Vassiliadou N, Pudney J, Anderson DJ, Hill JA. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2001 May; 16(5): 949-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11331643&dopt=Abstract

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Liability of health professionals for a breach of the abortion law in New Zealand. Author(s): McArthur J. Source: N Z Med J. 2002 February 22; 115(1148): 86. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11913942&dopt=Abstract

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Liability of health professionals for a breach of the abortion law of New Zealand. Author(s): Bassett IC. Source: N Z Med J. 2001 December 14; 114(1145): 557-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11833954&dopt=Abstract

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Liability of health professionals for a breach of the abortion law of New Zealand. Author(s): Bassett I. Source: J Law Med. 2001 August; 9(1): 115-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12116660&dopt=Abstract

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Liability of health professionals for a breach of the abortion law of New Zealand. Author(s): Howie S. Source: N Z Med J. 2002 April 12; 115(1151): 171. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12033489&dopt=Abstract

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Liberalisation of abortion laws in Nigeria: the undergraduates' perspective. Author(s): Orji EO, Adeyemi AB, Esimai OA. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 January; 23(1): 63-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12623488&dopt=Abstract

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Liberty and community in constitutional law: the abortion cases in comparative perspective. Author(s): Kommer DP. Source: Brigham Young University Law Review. 1985; 1985(3): 371-410. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12186067&dopt=Abstract

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Life event stress and the association with spontaneous abortion in gravid women at an urban emergency department. Author(s): Boyles SH, Ness RB, Grisso JA, Markovic N, Bromberger J, CiFelli D. Source: Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. 2000 November; 19(6): 510-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11129353&dopt=Abstract

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Life threatening myocardial ischaemia associated with the use of prostaglandin E1 to induce abortion. Author(s): Schulte-Sasse U. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000 May; 107(5): 700-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10826591&dopt=Abstract

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Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache. Author(s): Heinrichs L. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 May; 185(5 Suppl Understanding): S215-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12011889&dopt=Abstract

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Living conditions, contraceptive use and the choice of induced abortion among pregnant women in Denmark. Author(s): Rasch V, Wielandt H, Knudsen LB. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2002; 30(4): 293-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12680506&dopt=Abstract

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Local versus general anesthesia: which is safer for performing suction curettage abortions? Author(s): Grimes DA, Schulz KF, Cates W Jr, Tyler CW Jr. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 December 15; 135(8): 10305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=517587&dopt=Abstract

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Long-awaited abortion pill will offer more privacy--but no less controversy. Author(s): Schultz S. Source: U.S. News & World Report. 2000 February 28; 128(8): 79-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11184124&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term physical and psychological health consequences of induced abortion: review of the evidence. Author(s): Thorp JM Jr, Hartmann KE, Shadigian E. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 2003 January; 58(1): 67-79. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12544786&dopt=Abstract

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Low molecular weight heparin in immunological recurrent abortion--the incredible cure. Author(s): Allahbadia GN, Allahbadia SG. Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2003 February; 20(2): 82-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688592&dopt=Abstract

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Low serum level of mannan-binding lectin is a determinant for pregnancy outcome in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Kruse C, Rosgaard A, Steffensen R, Varming K, Jensenius JC, Christiansen OB. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 November; 187(5): 131320. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12439525&dopt=Abstract

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Low Vitamin B(12) level as a risk factor for very early recurrent abortion. Author(s): Reznikoff-Etievant MF, Zittoun J, Vaylet C, Pernet P, Milliez J. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2002 September 10; 104(2): 156-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12206930&dopt=Abstract

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Low-dose mifepristone 200 mg and vaginal misoprostol for abortion. Author(s): Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS, Franks P, Gore BZ, Poppema S. Source: Contraception. 1999 January; 59(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10342079&dopt=Abstract

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Low-dose mifepristone followed by vaginal misoprostol at 48 hours for abortion up to 63 days. Author(s): Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS, Fuller L. Source: Contraception. 2000 January; 61(1): 41-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10745068&dopt=Abstract

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Luteal function as the main determinant of pregnancy outcome: successful prevention of spontaneous abortion, prematurity and IUGR. Author(s): Siklosi G, Acs N, Demendi C, Borzsonyi B, Gimes G, Bakos L, Olajos F, Marcsek Z. Source: Early Pregnancy. 2001 January; 5(1): 22-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11743633&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphocyte subpopulations after normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion in primigravidas. Author(s): Bartha JL, Comino-Delgado R, Martinez-Del Fresno P, Ortega MJ, FernandezLorente JR, Cabello JM. Source: J Reprod Med. 2000 July; 45(7): 567-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10948468&dopt=Abstract

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Magnitude of abortion-related complications in Ethiopian health facilities: a national assessment. Author(s): Jeppsson A, Tesfu M, Bohmer L. Source: East Afr Med J. 1999 October; 76(10): 547-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10734503&dopt=Abstract

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Making abortion a woman's right worldwide. Author(s): Berer M. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 1-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369311&dopt=Abstract

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Making legal abortion accessible in Brazil. Author(s): Faundes A, Leocadio E, Andalaft J. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 120-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369314&dopt=Abstract

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Making legal abortion available in Brazil: partnerships in practice. Author(s): Villela WV, Araujo MJ. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 November; 8(16): 77-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424253&dopt=Abstract

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Male-mediated spontaneous abortion among spouses of stainless steel welders. Author(s): Hjollund NH, Bonde JP, Jensen TK, Henriksen TB, Andersson AM, Kolstad HA, Ernst E, Giwercman A, Skakkebaek NE, Olsen J. Source: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000 June; 26(3): 187-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10901109&dopt=Abstract

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Management of first-trimester spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Cone C, Greenawald MH, Schaffer R Jr. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 1999 May; 48(5): 331-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10334601&dopt=Abstract

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Management of incomplete abortion in South African public hospitals. Author(s): Brown HC, Jewkes R, Levin J, Dickson-Tetteh K, Rees H. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 April; 110(4): 371-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12699798&dopt=Abstract

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Management of incomplete spontaneous abortion with suction curettage in the pediatric emergency department. Author(s): Brancato JC, Meunier-Sham J, Kharasch SJ. Source: Pediatric Emergency Care. 1998 April; 14(2): 148-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9583401&dopt=Abstract

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Management of missed abortion: comparison of medical treatment with either mifepristone + misoprostol or misoprostol alone with surgical evacuation. A multicenter trial in Copenhagen county, Denmark. Author(s): Gronlund A, Gronlund L, Clevin L, Andersen B, Palmgren N, Lidegaard O. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2002 November; 81(11): 1060-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12421175&dopt=Abstract

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Management of side effects and complications in medical abortion. Author(s): Kruse B, Poppema S, Creinin MD, Paul M. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S6575. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944371&dopt=Abstract

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Management of spontaneous abortion-medical or surgical. Author(s): Wood S. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2000 March; 73(3): 652. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10733307&dopt=Abstract

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Managing the threat of terrorism in abortion facilities. Author(s): Teasenfitz J. Source: J Healthc Prot Manage. 1999-00 Winter; 16(1): 25-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10787676&dopt=Abstract

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Manual vacuum aspiration for first-trimester abortion. Author(s): Westfall JM, Sophocles A, Burggraf H, Ellis S. Source: Archives of Family Medicine. 1998 November-December; 7(6): 559-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9821831&dopt=Abstract

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Marquis: a defense of abortion? Author(s): Gelfand SD. Source: Bioethics. 2001 April; 15(2): 135-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697378&dopt=Abstract

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Maternal age and fetal loss. Having an induced abortion increases risk in future pregnancies. Author(s): Rooney B. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2001 February 17; 322(7283): 430. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11179169&dopt=Abstract

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Maternal age and fetal loss. Missing abortion stratification adds to confusion. Author(s): Reardon DC. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2001 February 17; 322(7283): 429-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11179146&dopt=Abstract

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Maternal serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 receptor in threatened abortion: a comparison with normal and pathologic pregnancies. Author(s): Gucer F, Balkanli-Kaplan P, Yuksel M, Sayin NC, Yuce MA, Yardim T. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2001 October; 76(4): 707-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11591402&dopt=Abstract

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Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, Clemens JD, Wilkins DG. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 November 25; 341(22): 1639-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10572151&dopt=Abstract

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Maternal trisomy 21 mosaicism and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Kuo PL. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2002 August; 78(2): 432-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12137890&dopt=Abstract

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Maternal-fetal interaction in the ABO system: a comparative analysis of healthy mothers and couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion suggests a protective effect of B incompatibility. Author(s): Bottini N, Meloni GF, Finocchi A, Ruggiu G, Amante A, Meloni T, Bottini E. Source: Human Biology; an International Record of Research. 2001 April; 73(2): 167-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11446422&dopt=Abstract

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Measures to prevent cervical injury during suction curettage abortion. Author(s): Schulz KF, Grimes DA, Cates W Jr. Source: Lancet. 1983 May 28; 1(8335): 1182-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6133988&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion alternatives to mifepristone. Author(s): Creinin MD, Pymar HC. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 127-32, 150. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846321&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion and family physicians. Survey of residents and practitioners in two Ontario settings. Author(s): Raymond E, Kaczorowski J, Smith P, Sellors J, Walsh A. Source: Can Fam Physician. 2002 March; 48: 538-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11935718&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion and the potential for new abortion providers: a cautionary tale. Author(s): Joffe C. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 151-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846326&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion as an alternative to vacuum aspiration: first experiences with the 'abortion pill' in The Netherlands. Author(s): Rademakers J, Koster E, Jansen-van Hees AC, Willems F. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2001 December; 6(4): 185-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11848647&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion at 57 to 63 days' gestation with a lower dose of mifepristone and gemeprost. A randomized controlled trial. Author(s): World Health Organization Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 May; 80(5): 447-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11328223&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion at 64 to 91 days of gestation: a review of 483 consecutive cases. Author(s): Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 May; 188(5): 1315-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12748505&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion in China. Author(s): Wu S. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 197-9, 204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846339&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion in social context. Author(s): Joffe C. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S105. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944365&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion in the first trimester. Author(s): Baird DT. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 April; 16(2): 221-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12041964&dopt=Abstract

96 Abortion

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Medical abortion in the second trimester. Author(s): Tang OS, Ho PC. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 April; 16(2): 237-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12041965&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion regimens: historical context and overview. Author(s): Creinin MD. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S39. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944364&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion service delivery. Author(s): Breitbart V, Rogers MK, Vanderhei D. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S1625. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944366&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion still not available in most countries. Author(s): Ferriman A. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1999 October 23; 319(7217): 1091. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10531093&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol: a clinical trial in Taiwanese women. Author(s): Tsai EM, Yang CH, Lee JN. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 2002 April; 101(4): 277-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12101864&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion. Author(s): Crist T, Carhart L, Harrison W. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000 Summer; 55(4): 243-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10935362&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion: overview and management. Author(s): Trupin SR, Moreno C. Source: Medscape Women's Health [electronic Resource]. 2001 December; 6(6): 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11965218&dopt=Abstract

Studies 97

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Medical abortion: public health and private lives. Author(s): Grimes DA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944363&dopt=Abstract

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Medical management of missed abortion: a randomized clinical trial. Author(s): Wagaarachchi P, Ashok P, Templeton A. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 August; 100(2): 383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12151175&dopt=Abstract

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Medical management of missed abortion: a randomized clinical trial. Author(s): Creinin MD, Harwood B, Guido RS. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 August; 100(2): 382-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12151174&dopt=Abstract

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Medical management of missed abortion: a randomized clinical trial. Author(s): Wood SL, Brain PH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 April; 99(4): 563-6. Erratum In: Obstet Gynecol 2002 July; 100(1): 175. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12039111&dopt=Abstract

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Medical students' attitudes toward abortion and other reproductive health services. Author(s): Rosenblatt RA, Robinson KB, Larson EH, Dobie SA. Source: Family Medicine. 1999 March; 31(3): 195-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10086256&dopt=Abstract

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Medical termination of missed abortion. Author(s): Chia KV, Ogbo VI. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 March; 22(2): 184-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521705&dopt=Abstract

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Medical versus surgical abortion. Author(s): Cabezas E. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1998 December; 63 Suppl 1: S141-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10075224&dopt=Abstract

98 Abortion

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Medical versus surgical abortion: a survey of knowledge and attitudes among abortion clinic patients. Author(s): Virgo KS, Carr TR, Hile A, Virgo JM, Sullivan GM, Kaikati JG. Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 1999 May-June; 9(3): 143-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10340020&dopt=Abstract

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Medico-legal aspects of abortion in Europe. Author(s): Pinter B. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2002 March; 7(1): 15-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12041859&dopt=Abstract

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Meeting the need for induced abortion. Author(s): Wilson SH. Source: The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care / Faculty of Family Planning & Reproductive Health Care, Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. 2001 April; 27(2): 93-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12463219&dopt=Abstract

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Meeting women's need for a flexible abortion service: retrospective study of a specialist day-care unit. Author(s): Lowy A, Ojo R, Stegeman A, Vellacott I. Source: Journal of Public Health Medicine. 1998 December; 20(4): 449-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9923953&dopt=Abstract

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Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion in adolescent women. Author(s): Creinin MD, Wiebe E, Gold M. Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 1999 May; 12(2): 71-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10326191&dopt=Abstract

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Methotrexate and misoprostol used alone or in combination for early abortion. Author(s): Ozeren M, Bilekli C, Aydemir V, Bozkaya H. Source: Contraception. 1999 June; 59(6): 389-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10518234&dopt=Abstract

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Methotrexate and tubal pregnancies: direct or indirect abortion? Author(s): Clark PA. Source: Linacre Q. 2000 February; 67(1): 7-24. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12199285&dopt=Abstract

Studies 99

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Methotrexate compared with mercaptopurine for early induced abortion. Author(s): Davis AR, Miller L, Tamimi H, Gown A. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 June; 93(6): 904-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10362152&dopt=Abstract

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Microchimerism and blocking activity in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) after alloimmunization with the partner's lymphocytes. Author(s): Prigoshin N, Tambutti ML, Redal MA, Gorgorza S, Lancuba SM, Nicholson R, Testa R. Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 1999 September; 44(1-2): 41-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10530760&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone 100 mg in abortion regimens. Author(s): Creinin MD, Pymar HC, Schwartz JL. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 September; 98(3): 434-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11530125&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone abortion in minors. Author(s): Phelps RH, Schaff EA, Fielding SL. Source: Contraception. 2001 December; 64(6): 339-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11834231&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone abortion outside the urban research hospital setting in India. Author(s): Coyaji K, Elul B, Krishna U, Otiv S, Ambardekar S, Bopardikar A, Raote V, Ellertson C, Winikoff B. Source: Lancet. 2001 January 13; 357(9250): 120-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11197403&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone and misoprostol and methotrexate/misoprostol in clinical practice for abortion. Author(s): Creinin MD, Potter C, Holovanisin M, Janczukiewicz L, Pymar HC, Schwartz JL, Meyn L. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 March; 188(3): 664-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12634638&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone and misoprostol for early abortion when no gestational sac is present. Author(s): Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Eisinger S, Stadalius L. Source: Contraception. 2001 May; 63(5): 251-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11448464&dopt=Abstract

100 Abortion

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Mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol on the same day for abortion from 50 to 63 days' gestation. Author(s): Fox MC, Creinin MD, Harwood B. Source: Contraception. 2002 October; 66(4): 225-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12413616&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone followed on the same day by vaginal misoprostol for early abortion. Author(s): Pymar HC, Creinin MD, Schwartz JL. Source: Contraception. 2001 August; 64(2): 87-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11704084&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone for early medical abortion: experiences in France, Great Britain and Sweden. Author(s): Jones RK, Henshaw SK. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2002 May-June; 34(3): 154-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12137129&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone-misoprostol abortion: a trial in rural and urban Maharashtra, India. Author(s): Coyaji K, Elul B, Krishna U, Otiv S, Ambardekar S, Bopardikar A, Raote V, Ellertson C, Winikoff B. Source: Contraception. 2002 July; 66(1): 33-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12169379&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion: home administration of misoprostol in Guadeloupe. Author(s): Guengant JP, Bangou J, Elul B, Ellertson C. Source: Contraception. 1999 September; 60(3): 167-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10640161&dopt=Abstract

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Mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion: who will use it and why? Author(s): Blinder V, Elul B, Winikoff B. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 November; 179(5): 1376. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9822530&dopt=Abstract

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Mild thyroid abnormalities and recurrent spontaneous abortion: diagnostic and therapeutical approach. Author(s): Vaquero E, Lazzarin N, De Carolis C, Valensise H, Moretti C, Ramanini C. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 April; 43(4): 204-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10836249&dopt=Abstract

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Minors as medical decision makers: the pretextual reasoning of the court in the abortion cases. Author(s): Ehrlich JS. Source: Mich J Gend Law. 2000; 7(1): 65-106. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12715809&dopt=Abstract

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Misoprostal use for therapeutic abortion in Siriraj Hospital: the year 2000. Author(s): Sirimai K, Kiriwat O, Neungton S, Suvanichchati S. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2002 April; 85(4): 416-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12118487&dopt=Abstract

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Misoprostol administration in medical abortion. A comparison of three regimens. Author(s): Wiebe ER. Source: J Reprod Med. 2001 February; 46(2): 125-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11255811&dopt=Abstract

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Misoprostol alone--a new method of medical abortion? Author(s): Blanchard K, Winikoff B, Coyaji K, Nguyen TN. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 189-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846336&dopt=Abstract

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Misoprostol for abortion at 9-12 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Author(s): Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, Sanchez C, Barambio S, Chami S, Valero F, Aragon S, Mari J. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2001 March; 6(1): 39-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11334475&dopt=Abstract

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Misoprostol for abortion up to 9 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Author(s): Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, Sanchez C, Barambio S, Chami S, Valero F, Aragon S, Mari J, Carbonell JL. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2000 December; 5(4): 227-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11245549&dopt=Abstract

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Missed abortion complicated by Candida infection in a woman with rested IUD. Author(s): Horn LC, Nenoff P, Ziegert M, Hockel M. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2001 January; 264(4): 215-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11205713&dopt=Abstract

102 Abortion

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Mode of action of medical methods of abortion. Author(s): Baird DT. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 121-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846320&dopt=Abstract

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Moderate alcohol intake in pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Kesmodel U, Wisborg K, Olsen SF, Henriksen TB, Secher NJ. Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). 2002 January-February; 37(1): 87-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11825863&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular genetic testing from paraffin-embedded tissue distinguishes nonmolar hydropic abortion from hydatidiform mole. Author(s): Bell KA, Van Deerlin V, Addya K, Clevenger CV, Van Deerlin PG, Leonard DG. Source: Molecular Diagnosis : a Journal Devoted to the Understanding of Human Disease Through the Clinical Application of Molecular Biology. 1999 March; 4(1): 11-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10229770&dopt=Abstract

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Monitoring serum chorionic gonadotropin levels after mifepristone abortion. Author(s): Walker K, Schaff E, Fielding S, Fuller L. Source: Contraception. 2001 November; 64(5): 271-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11777484&dopt=Abstract

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Moral leadership and the issue of abortion. Author(s): Baumgartner F. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 June; 184(7): 1582; Author Reply 1583. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11408885&dopt=Abstract

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Morphological criteria for normalization of menstrual function in women with spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Shaklein AV, Bogatova NP, Kuleshov VM, Marinkin IO. Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002 November; 134(5): 505-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802463&dopt=Abstract

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Mortality from abortion after Roe vs Wade. Author(s): Smargisso DM, Lester D. Source: Psychological Reports. 2002 December; 91(3 Pt 1): 780. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12530723&dopt=Abstract

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Most deaths related to abortion occur in the developing world. Author(s): Ciment J. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1999 June 5; 318(7197): 1509. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10355997&dopt=Abstract

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Multicolour spectral karyotyping for complex chromosomal rearrangements in repeated abortion or congenital anomalies. Author(s): Tanemura M, Suzumori K, Nishikawa N, Ishihara Y. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 2001 December; 21(13): 1123-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11787036&dopt=Abstract

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Multifetal pregnancy reduction in cases of threatened abortion of triplets. Author(s): Shalev J, Meizner I, Mashiach R, Bar-Chava I, Rafael ZB. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1999 September; 72(3): 423-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10519611&dopt=Abstract

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Murine stress-triggered abortion is mediated by increase of CD8+ TNF-alpha+ decidual cells via substance P. Author(s): Joachim RA, Hildebrandt M, Oder J, Klapp BF, Arck PC. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2001 May; 45(5): 303-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11432405&dopt=Abstract

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My body, my consent: securing the constitutional right to abortion funding. Author(s): McDonagh EL. Source: Albany Law Review. 1999; 62(3): 1057-1118. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10558501&dopt=Abstract

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National Abortion Federation (NAF) advertisement for Early Options education modules. Author(s): Ross ME. Source: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2002 May-June; 47(3): 219. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12071390&dopt=Abstract

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National Abortion Federation (NAF) advertisement for Early Options education modules. Author(s): Afriat-Menihan C. Source: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2002 May-June; 47(3): 219. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12071389&dopt=Abstract

104 Abortion

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National Abortion Federation (NAF) advertisement for Early Options education modules. Author(s): Narrigan D. Source: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2002 May-June; 47(3): 218-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12071388&dopt=Abstract

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National crisis, supranational opportunity: the Irish construction of abortion as a European service. Author(s): Fletcher R. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 November; 8(16): 35-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424248&dopt=Abstract

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National guideline on induced abortion. Author(s): Penney GC. Source: Hosp Med. 2001 February; 62(2): 68-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11236618&dopt=Abstract

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Natural killer cell activity and cytokine production after in vitro immunoglobulin treatment of lymphocytes derived from pregnant women with or without risk for spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Szereday L, Spath P, Szekeres-Bartho J. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 November; 42(5): 282-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10584982&dopt=Abstract

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Natural killer cell reactivity and HLA-G in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Emmer PM, Veerhoek M, Nelen WL, Steegers EA, Joosten I. Source: Transplantation Proceedings. 1999 June; 31(4): 1838-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10371967&dopt=Abstract

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NB, Morgentaler head to court over abortion payments. Author(s): Thorne T. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2002 November 26; 167(11): 1277. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12451091&dopt=Abstract

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Neonatal outcomes in immediate versus delayed conceptions after spontaneous abortion: a retrospective case series. Author(s): Goldstein RR, Croughan MS, Robertson PA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 186(6): 1230-4; Discussion 1234-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12066103&dopt=Abstract

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New abortion guidelines proposed for Ireland. Author(s): Houston M. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2002 September 14; 325(7364): 565. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12233754&dopt=Abstract

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New standards set for abortion care. Author(s): Kmietowicz Z. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2000 March 18; 320(7237): 733. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10720345&dopt=Abstract

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NK cell activity and subsets in women with a history of spontaneous abortion. Cause, number of abortions, and subsequent pregnancy outcome. Author(s): Morikawa M, Yamada H, Kato EH, Shimada S, Ebina Y, Yamada T, Sagawa T, Kobashi G, Fujimoto S. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2001; 52(3): 163-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11598357&dopt=Abstract

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No association of Chlamydia with abortion. Author(s): Feist A, Sydler T, Gebbers JJ, Pospischil A, Guscetti F. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1999 May; 92(5): 237-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10472259&dopt=Abstract

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Non-evidence-based use of Rho(D) immune globulin for threatened abortion by family practice and obstetric faculty physicians. Author(s): Weissman AM, Dawson JD, Rijhsinghani A, Honkamp NJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 November; 47(11): 909-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12497679&dopt=Abstract

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Normalizing the exceptional: incorporating the “abortion pill” into mainstream medicine. Author(s): Joffe C, Weitz TA. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2003 June; 56(12): 2353-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12742600&dopt=Abstract

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Obesity and second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation. Author(s): Dark AC, Miller L, Kothenbeutel RL, Mandel L. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 March; 47(3): 226-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11933688&dopt=Abstract

106 Abortion

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Obesity and the risk of spontaneous abortion after oocyte donation. Author(s): Bellver J, Rossal LP, Bosch E, Zuniga A, Corona JT, Melendez F, Gomez E, Simon C, Remohi J, Pellicer A. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2003 May; 79(5): 1136-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12738508&dopt=Abstract

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Obesity increases the risk of spontaneous abortion during infertility treatment. Author(s): Wang JX, Davies MJ, Norman RJ. Source: Obesity Research. 2002 June; 10(6): 551-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12055331&dopt=Abstract

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Office management of early induced abortion. Author(s): Paul M. Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 June; 42(2): 290-305. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10370848&dopt=Abstract

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On contraception and abortion in Armenia. Author(s): Cohen-Bearak AR. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1999 March; 89(3): 416-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10076499&dopt=Abstract

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On the relation between induced abortion and breast cancer. Author(s): Brind J, Chinchilli VM. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2002 May; 3(5): 266-7; Author Reply 267-8. Erratum In: Lancet Oncol 2002 August; 3(8): 469. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12067799&dopt=Abstract

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One voice regarding the legalisation of abortion. Nurses who experience discomfort. Author(s): Poggenpoel M, Myburgh CP, Gmeiner AC. Source: Curationis. 1998 September; 21(3): 2-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11040582&dopt=Abstract

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Opening a door to safe abortion: international perspectives on medical abortifacient use. Author(s): Pollack AE, Pine RN. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 186-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846335&dopt=Abstract

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Options for early therapeutic abortion: a comparative review. Author(s): Bygdeman M, Danielsson KG. Source: Drugs. 2002; 62(17): 2459-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12421103&dopt=Abstract

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Oral methotrexate compared with injected methotrexate when used with misoprostol for abortion. Author(s): Wiebe ER. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 July; 181(1): 149-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10411811&dopt=Abstract

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Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming in first-trimester abortion: a randomized trial. Author(s): Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Rodriguez Y, Tanda R, Sanchez C, Barambio S, Valera L, Chami S, Valero F, Aragon S, Mari J. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2001 September; 6(3): 134-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11763976&dopt=Abstract

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Ordeal of women for induced abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. Author(s): Bhuiya A, Aziz A, Chowdhury M. Source: J Health Popul Nutr. 2001 December; 19(4): 281-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11855350&dopt=Abstract

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Outcomes of suction curettage and mifepristone abortion in the United States. A prospective comparison study. Author(s): Jensen JT, Astley SJ, Morgan E, Nichols MD. Source: Contraception. 1999 March; 59(3): 153-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10382077&dopt=Abstract

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Ovarian vein thrombosis after elective abortion. Author(s): Sreenarasimhaiah S, McAlister R. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 November; 96(5 Pt 2): 828-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11094225&dopt=Abstract

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Pa. hospitals await impact of abortion ruling. Author(s): Wagner L. Source: Modern Healthcare. 1992 July 6; 22(27): 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10118866&dopt=Abstract

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Pain control in medical abortion. Author(s): Wiebe E. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 September; 74(3): 275-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11543752&dopt=Abstract

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Pantagruelism: a Rabelaisian inspiration for understanding poisoning, euthanasia and abortion in the Hippocratic oath and in contemporary clinical practice. Author(s): Barilan YM, Weintraub M. Source: Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. 2001 June; 22(3): 269-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11499499&dopt=Abstract

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Paracervical block and elective abortion: the effect on pain of waiting between injection and procedure. Author(s): Phair N, Jensen JT, Nichols MD. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 186(6): 1304-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12066113&dopt=Abstract

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Parallel Doppler assessment of yolk sac and intervillous circulation in normal pregnancy and missed abortion. Author(s): Kurjak A, Kupesic S. Source: Placenta. 1998 November; 19(8): 619-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9859866&dopt=Abstract

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Parallel Doppler assessment yolk sac and intervillous circulation in normal pregnancy and missed abortion. Author(s): Jauniaux E. Source: Placenta. 1999 September; 20(7): 609-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10452916&dopt=Abstract

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Parameters of grieving in spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Stirtzinger RM, Robinson GE, Stewart DE, Ralevski E. Source: International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 1999; 29(2): 235-49. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10587817&dopt=Abstract

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Parity is a major determinant of success rate in medical abortion: a retrospective analysis of 3161 consecutive cases of early medical abortion treated with reduced doses of mifepristone and vaginal gemeprost. Author(s): Bartley J, Tong S, Everington D, Baird DT. Source: Contraception. 2000 December; 62(6): 297-303. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11239616&dopt=Abstract

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Partial-birth abortion. Author(s): Bopp J Jr, Cook CR. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998 December 3; 339(23): 1716-7; Author Reply 1717. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9867547&dopt=Abstract

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Partial-birth abortion. Author(s): Heilig S. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998 December 3; 339(23): 1717. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9867548&dopt=Abstract

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Partial-birth abortion: should moral judgment prevail over medical judgment? Author(s): Walther KE. Source: Loyola Univ Chicago Law J. 2000 Summer; 31(4): 693-736. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11962531&dopt=Abstract

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Paternity-testing on paraffin-embedded abortion tissue: preparation of fetal cells may be indispensable. Author(s): Zehner R, Lasczkowski G. Source: J Forensic Sci. 2000 November; 45(6): 1332-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11110194&dopt=Abstract

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Patient preferences for management of first-trimester incomplete spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Molnar AM, Oliver LM, Geyman JP. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 2000 September-October; 13(5): 333-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11001003&dopt=Abstract

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Patients' rights supplant abortion on campaign trail. Author(s): Greenberg DS. Source: Lancet. 2000 October 28; 356(9240): 1501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11081543&dopt=Abstract

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Pelvic embolization for treatment of hemorrhage related to spontaneous and induced abortion. Author(s): Deffieux X, Berkane N, Uzan S. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 September; 187(3): 819-20; Author Reply 820. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12237671&dopt=Abstract

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Pelvic embolization for treatment of hemorrhage related to spontaneous and induced abortion. Author(s): Borgatta L, Chen AY, Reid SK, Stubblefield PG, Christensen DD, Rashbaum WK. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 September; 185(3): 530-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11568773&dopt=Abstract

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Peri-abortion contraceptive care: can we reduce the incidence of repeat abortions? Author(s): Garg M, Singh M, Mansour D. Source: The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care / Faculty of Family Planning & Reproductive Health Care, Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. 2001 April; 27(2): 77-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12457516&dopt=Abstract

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with recurrent abortion exhibit an aberrant reaction to release cytokines upon the direct contact of human leukocyte antigen-G-expressing cells. Author(s): Hamai Y, Fujii T, Yamashita T, Miki A, Kozuma S, Geraghty DE, Taketani Y. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1998 December; 40(6): 408-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9894564&dopt=Abstract

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Peripheral natural killer cytotoxicity and CD56(pos)CD16(pos) cells increase during early pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Emmer PM, Nelen WL, Steegers EA, Hendriks JC, Veerhoek M, Joosten I. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2000 May; 15(5): 1163-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10783371&dopt=Abstract

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Personal morals and abortion legislation. Author(s): Konig G. Source: Princet J Bioeth. 2001 Spring; 4: 20-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12166463&dopt=Abstract

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Personhood, covenant, and abortion. Author(s): Maguire MR. Source: Annu Soc Christ Ethics. 1983; : 117-45. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11913446&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacoeconomics of medical abortion: a review of cost in the United States, Europe and Asia. Author(s): Murthy A, Creinin MD. Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2003 April; 4(4): 503-13. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12667113&dopt=Abstract

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Pill method failures in women seeking abortion: fourteen years experience. Author(s): Sparrow MJ. Source: N Z Med J. 1998 October 9; 111(1075): 386-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9830420&dopt=Abstract

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Pilot study on the use of sublingual misoprostol for medical abortion. Author(s): Tang OS, Ho PC. Source: Contraception. 2001 November; 64(5): 315-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11777493&dopt=Abstract

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Placenta increta complicating the first trimester abortion. Author(s): Chanrachakul B, Hamontri S, Leopairut J, Herabutya Y. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 May; 80(5): 467-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11328225&dopt=Abstract

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Placental levels of human decidua- associated protein 200 in normal pregnancy and missed abortion. Author(s): Halperin R, Hadas E, Bukovsky I, Schneider D. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2000; 49(2): 77-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10671811&dopt=Abstract

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Plasma folate levels and risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): George L, Mills JL, Johansson AL, Nordmark A, Olander B, Granath F, Cnattingius S. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002 October 16; 288(15): 1867-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12377085&dopt=Abstract

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome and the risk of spontaneous abortion following assisted reproductive technology treatment. Author(s): Wang JX, Davies MJ, Norman RJ. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2001 December; 16(12): 2606-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11726582&dopt=Abstract

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Polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen-E gene in the Japanese population with or without recurrent abortion. Author(s): Kanai T, Fujii T, Keicho N, Tokunaga K, Yamashita T, Hyodo H, Miki A, Unno N, Kozuma S, Taketani Y. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2001 March; 45(3): 168-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11270642&dopt=Abstract

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Possible ban on abortion technique leaves doctors uneasy. Author(s): Duenwald M. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2003 April 22; : F5, F8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12812228&dopt=Abstract

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Possible susceptibility of the HLA-DPB1*0402 and HLA-DPB1*04 alleles to unexplained recurrent abortion: analysis by means of polymerase chain reactionrestricted fragment length polymorphism method. Author(s): Takakuwa K, Hataya I, Arakawa M, Kikuchi A, Higashino M, Yasuda M, Kurabayashi T, Tanaka K. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 October; 42(4): 233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10580605&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion care. Author(s): Singer J. Source: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2002 November-December; 47(6): 502; Author Reply 502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12484672&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion care. Author(s): Israel E. Source: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2002 November-December; 47(6): 502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12484671&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion contraceptive acceptability in Blantyre, Malawi. Author(s): Lema VM, Mpanga V. Source: East Afr Med J. 2000 September; 77(9): 488-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12862140&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion depot medroxyprogesterone acetate continuation rates: a randomized trial of cyclic estradiol. Author(s): Goldberg AB, Cardenas LH, Hubbard AE, Darney PD. Source: Contraception. 2002 October; 66(4): 215-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12413614&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion endometritis-myometritis and HIV infection. Author(s): Okong P, Biryahwaho B, Bergstrom S. Source: International Journal of Std & Aids. 2002 November; 13(11): 729-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12437891&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion mania. Author(s): Brockington IF. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 2000 January; 176: 92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10789337&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion mania. Author(s): Mahe V, Montagnon F, Nartowski J, Dumane A. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1999 October; 175: 389-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10789309&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion syndrome--a grief subverted. Author(s): Larsen J. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1999 June; 89(6): 576. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10443195&dopt=Abstract

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Post-diagnostic abortion in Germany: reproduction gone awry, again? Author(s): Erikson SL. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2003 May; 56(9): 1987-2001. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12650734&dopt=Abstract

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Preconception folate and vitamin B(6) status and clinical spontaneous abortion in Chinese women. Author(s): Ronnenberg AG, Goldman MB, Chen D, Aitken IW, Willett WC, Selhub J, Xu X. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 July; 100(1): 107-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12100811&dopt=Abstract

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Predictors of analgesia use during supervised medical abortion. The Mifepristone Clinical Trials Group. Author(s): Westhoff C, Dasmahapatra R, Winikoff B, Clarke S. Source: Contraception. 2000 March; 61(3): 225-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10827337&dopt=Abstract

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Predilatation of the cervix before suction curettage for therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy. Author(s): Edwards D, Aitken RE, Begg AF, MacKay PM, Marchant RM. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1994 February; 34(1): 103-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8053860&dopt=Abstract

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Pregnancy and abortion in women with essential thrombocythemia. Author(s): Candoni A, Fanin R, Michelutti T, Russo D, Michelutti A. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2002 March; 69(3): 233-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11891817&dopt=Abstract

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Pregnancy outcome in recurrent spontaneous abortion associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: a comparative study of intravenous immunoglobulin versus prednisone plus low-dose aspirin. Author(s): Vaquero E, Lazzarin N, Valensise H, Menghini S, Di Pierro G, Cesa F, Romanini C. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2001 March; 45(3): 174-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11270643&dopt=Abstract

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Pregnancy outcome of threatened abortion with subchorionic hematoma: possible benefit of bed-rest? Author(s): Ben-Haroush A, Yogev Y, Mashiach R, Meizner I. Source: Isr Med Assoc J. 2003 June; 5(6): 422-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12841015&dopt=Abstract

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Pregnancy termination. Understanding and supporting women who undergo medical abortion. Author(s): Goss GL. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2002 February-March; 6(1): 46-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11913202&dopt=Abstract

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Preliminary results on the role of embryonic human chorionic gonadotrophin in corpus luteum rescue during early pregnancy and the relationship to abortion and ectopic pregnancy. Author(s): Alam V, Altieri E, Zegers-Hochschild F. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 September; 14(9): 2375-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10469714&dopt=Abstract

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Prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion: a challenge to practice and policy. Author(s): Asch A. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1999 November; 89(11): 1649-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10553384&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence of Asherman's syndrome after secondary removal of placental remnants or a repeat curettage for incomplete abortion. Author(s): Westendorp IC, Ankum WM, Mol BW, Vonk J. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 December; 13(12): 3347-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9886512&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence of morbidity associated with abortion before and after legalisation in South Africa. Author(s): Jewkes R, Brown H, Dickson-Tetteh K, Levin J, Rees H. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2002 May 25; 324(7348): 1252-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12028979&dopt=Abstract

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Preventing abortion and repeat abortion with the Gynefix intrauterine implant system--preliminary results. Author(s): Batar I, Wildemeersch D, Vrijens M, Delbarge W, Temmerman M, Gbolade BA. Source: Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception. 1998 June; 14(2): 91-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9820927&dopt=Abstract

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Preventing febrile complications of suction curettage abortion. Author(s): Park TK, Flock M, Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985 June 1; 152(3): 252-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4003471&dopt=Abstract

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Preventing unsafe abortion in Nigeria. Author(s): Okonofua F. Source: Afr J Reprod Health. 1997 March; 1(1): 25-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10214400&dopt=Abstract

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Prevention of recurrent spontaneous abortion by intravenous immunoglobulin: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Author(s): Jablonowska B, Selbing A, Palfi M, Ernerudh J, Kjellberg S, Lindton B. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 March; 14(3): 838-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10221723&dopt=Abstract

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Previous cesarean section and abortion as risk factors for developing placenta previa. Author(s): Hendricks MS, Chow YH, Bhagavath B, Singh K. Source: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 1999 April; 25(2): 137-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10379130&dopt=Abstract

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Previous maternal abortion, longer gestation, and younger maternal age decrease the risk of type 1 diabetes among male offspring. Author(s): Bache I, Bock T, Volund A, Buschard K. Source: Diabetes Care. 1999 July; 22(7): 1063-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10388968&dopt=Abstract

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Prior spontaneous abortion, prior elective termination, interpregnancy interval, and risk of neural tube defects. Author(s): Todoroff K, Shaw GM. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 March 1; 151(5): 505-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10707919&dopt=Abstract

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Privacy, abortion, resource allocation and other ethical issues: the Thandi case (1). Author(s): Jenkins T, Moellendorf D, Schuklenk U. Source: Developing World Bioethics. 2001 May; 1(1): 70-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12870515&dopt=Abstract

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Professional considerations for providing mifepristone-induced abortion. Author(s): Fielding SL, Lee SS, Schaff EA. Source: The Nurse Practitioner. 2001 November; 26(11): 44-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11759615&dopt=Abstract

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Professional obligations and abortion referral. Author(s): Helgason CM. Source: Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc. 2001 Winter; 64(1): 42-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11258024&dopt=Abstract

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Profile. For 'father' of abortion drug, vindication at last. Author(s): Balter M. Source: Science. 2000 October 6; 290(5489): 39. Erratum In: Science 2000 November 17; 290(5495): 1301B. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11183145&dopt=Abstract

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Pro-life organisations are using shock tactics to stop women going ahead with an abortion. Author(s): Hehir B. Source: Nurs Times. 1999 December 29-2000 January 5; 95(50): 19. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11107408&dopt=Abstract

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Prophylactic antibiotics for suction curettage abortion: results of a clinical controlled trial. Author(s): Levallois P, Rioux JE. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 January; 158(1): 100-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3276193&dopt=Abstract

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Proportion of CD56+3+ T cells in decidual and peripheral lymphocytes of normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion with and without history of recurrent abortion. Author(s): Yamamoto T, Takahashi Y, Kase N, Mori H. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 December; 42(6): 355-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10622465&dopt=Abstract

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Protein A immunoadsorption in a pregnant woman with habitual abortion. Author(s): Hickstein H, Barz D, Kulz T, Korten G, Muller H, Schmidt R. Source: Transfusion and Apheresis Science : Official Journal of the World Apheresis Association : Official Journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis. 2002 December; 27(3): 259-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12509222&dopt=Abstract

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Providing medical abortion: legal issues of relevance to providers. Author(s): Jones BS, Heller S. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 145-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846325&dopt=Abstract

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Providing mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion: the view from the clinic. Author(s): Ellertson C, Simonds W, Winikoff B, Springer K, Bagchi D. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1999 Spring; 54(2): 91-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10319598&dopt=Abstract

118 Abortion

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Psychiatric admissions of low-income women following abortion and childbirth. Author(s): Reardon DC, Cougle JR, Rue VM, Shuping MW, Coleman PK, Ney PG. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 May 13; 168(10): 1253-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743066&dopt=Abstract

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Psychiatric issues related to infertility, reproductive technologies, and abortion. Author(s): Stotland NL. Source: Primary Care. 2002 March; 29(1): 13-26, V. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11856656&dopt=Abstract

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Psychological implications of abortion--highly charged and rife with misleading research. Author(s): Major B. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2003 May 13; 168(10): 1257-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743067&dopt=Abstract

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Psychological responses of women after first-trimester abortion. Author(s): Major B, Cozzarelli C, Cooper ML, Zubek J, Richards C, Wilhite M, Gramzow RH. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000 August; 57(8): 777-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10920466&dopt=Abstract

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Psychological stress and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Bashour H, Abdul Salam A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 May; 73(2): 179-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11336744&dopt=Abstract

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PTSD after spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Kinkade S. Source: American Family Physician. 2001 June 1; 63(11): 2118; Author Reply 2120, 2129. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11417768&dopt=Abstract

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PTSD after spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Fox GN. Source: American Family Physician. 2001 June 1; 63(11): 2118, 2120; Author Reply 2120, 2129. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11417767&dopt=Abstract

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Public reason and political conflict: abortion and homosexuality. Author(s): George RP. Source: Yale Law J. 1997 June; 106(8): 2475-504. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12569946&dopt=Abstract

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Public reason, abortion, and cloning. Author(s): Finnis J. Source: Valparaiso Univ Law Rev. 1998 Spring; 32(2): 361-82. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12710437&dopt=Abstract

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Q fever during pregnancy: an emerging cause of prematurity and abortion. Author(s): Jover-Diaz F, Robert-Gates J, Andreu-Gimenez L, Merino-Sanchez J. Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001; 9(1): 47-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11368259&dopt=Abstract

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Quality of life following early medical or surgical abortion. Author(s): Westhoff C, Picardo L, Morrow E. Source: Contraception. 2003 January; 67(1): 41-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521657&dopt=Abstract

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Rachels, abortion, and the seventeenth century. Author(s): Dombrowski DA. Source: Int J Appl Philos. 1995 Winter-Spring; 9(2): 35-41. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12173543&dopt=Abstract

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Racism, poverty, abortion, and other reproductive outcomes. Author(s): Rooney B. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 November; 11(6): 740-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11055645&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized comparison of efficacy, acceptability and cost of medical versus surgical abortion. Author(s): Creinin MD. Source: Contraception. 2000 September; 62(3): 117-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11124358&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized trial of a Slip-Coat cannula for early abortion. Author(s): Katzel S, Schaff E, Fielding S. Source: Contraception. 2002 May; 65(5): 369-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12057791&dopt=Abstract

120 Abortion

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Randomized trial of oral versus vaginal misoprostol 2 days after mifepristone 200 mg for abortion up to 63 days of pregnancy. Author(s): Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C. Source: Contraception. 2002 October; 66(4): 247-50. Erratum In: Contraception. 2002 December; 66(6): 481. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12413620&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized trial of oral versus vaginal misoprostol at one day after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Author(s): Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C. Source: Contraception. 2001 August; 64(2): 81-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11704083&dopt=Abstract

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RE: Spontaneous abortion in the British semiconductor industry. Author(s): Fowler B, LaDou J, Osorio AM, Paul M, Swan SH, Teitelbaum DT. Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1999 November; 36(5): 584-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10506741&dopt=Abstract

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RE: Spontaneous abortion in the UK semiconductor industry. Author(s): Watterson A, Silberschmidt M, Pickvance S, O'Neill R, Kirby P, Brophy J, Keith M, Woolfson C. Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1999 November; 36(5): 586. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10506742&dopt=Abstract

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Reactions to medical abortion among providers of surgical abortion: an early snapshot. Author(s): Joffe C. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1999 January-February; 31(1): 35-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10029931&dopt=Abstract

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Reactions to prenatal testing: reflection of religiosity and attitudes toward abortion and people with disabilities. Author(s): Bell M, Stoneman Z. Source: Am J Ment Retard. 2000 January; 105(1): 1-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10683704&dopt=Abstract

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Reasons for hospitalization due to abortion and pregnancy termination. Author(s): de Souza AI, Cecatti JG, Ferreira LO, Santos LC. Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 1999 February; 45(1): 31-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10191590&dopt=Abstract

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Record numbers of Irish women visit Britain for abortion. Author(s): Payne D. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1999 September 4; 319(7210): 593. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10473466&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent abortion caused by Haemophilus influenzae with subsequent successful pregnancy. Author(s): Giles RW. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 January; 23(1): 87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12647715&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent abortion-antibodies to factor XII or a decrease in factor XII levels? Author(s): Jones DW, Gallimore MJ, Winter M. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2001 December; 76(6): 1288-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11730776&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent spontaneous abortion and intrauterine fetal growth retardation as symptoms of coeliac disease. Author(s): Gasbarrini A, Torre ES, Trivellini C, De Carolis S, Caruso A, Gasbarrini G. Source: Lancet. 2000 July 29; 356(9227): 399-400. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10972376&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent spontaneous abortion and selenium deficiency. Author(s): Kocak I, Aksoy E, Ustun C. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 April; 65(1): 79-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10390108&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent spontaneous abortion. Etiologic factors. Author(s): Patriarca A, Piccioni V, Gigante V, Parise G, Benedetto C. Source: Panminerva Medica. 2000 June; 42(2): 105-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10965771&dopt=Abstract

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Reducing abortion-related mortality in South Asia: a review of constraints and a road map for change. Author(s): Ganatra B, Johnston HB. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2002 Summer; 57(3): 159-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12146608&dopt=Abstract

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Reducing unplanned pregnancy and abortion in Zimbabwe through postabortion contraception. Author(s): Johnson BR, Ndhlovu S, Farr SL, Chipato T. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 2002 June; 33(2): 195-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12132639&dopt=Abstract

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Referral for abortion. Author(s): Hall RJ. Source: Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc. 2001 Spring; 64(2): 47; Author Reply 47-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12517091&dopt=Abstract

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Reflections on reading Abortion in the Developing World. Author(s): Cleggs D. Source: Trop Doct. 2000 July; 30(3): 131-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10902465&dopt=Abstract

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Regulated expression of cytokines in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle: dysregulation in habitual abortion. Author(s): von Wolff M, Thaler CJ, Strowitzki T, Broome J, Stolz W, Tabibzadeh S. Source: Molecular Human Reproduction. 2000 July; 6(7): 627-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10871650&dopt=Abstract

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Rejection of husband's claim to stop wife's abortion. Author(s): Bentil JK. Source: Solicit J. 1984 April 27; 128(17): 288-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12186063&dopt=Abstract

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Relationship of bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasmas to the risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Donders GG, Van Bulck B, Caudron J, Londers L, Vereecken A, Spitz B. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2): 431-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10942482&dopt=Abstract

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Relationships between contraception and abortion: a review of the evidence. Author(s): Marston C, Cleland J. Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2003 March; 29(1): 6-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12709307&dopt=Abstract

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Religiosity and attitudes about abortion. Author(s): Fawcett J, Andrews V, Lester D. Source: Psychological Reports. 2000 December; 87(3 Pt 1): 980. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11191416&dopt=Abstract

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Relying on surveys to understand abortion behavior: some cautionary evidence. Author(s): Jagannathan R. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2001 November; 91(11): 1825-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11684611&dopt=Abstract

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Repeat abortion: a qualitative study. Author(s): Tornbom M, Moller A. Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 March; 20(1): 21-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10212884&dopt=Abstract

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Report on 5641 outpatient abortions by vacuum suction curettage. Author(s): Morgentaler H. Source: Can Med Assoc J. 1973 December 15; 109(12): 1202-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4758593&dopt=Abstract

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Reporting bias in case-control studies on induced abortion and breast cancer. Author(s): Rookus MA. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 June 15; 151(12): 1144-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10905526&dopt=Abstract

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Reports from the Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care AGM, May 2002. Assessing the quality of information leaflets about abortion methods in England and Wales. Author(s): Wong SS. Source: The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care / Faculty of Family Planning & Reproductive Health Care, Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. 2002 October; 28(4): 214-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12449127&dopt=Abstract

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Reproducing inequalities: abortion policy and practice in Thailand. Author(s): Whittaker A. Source: Women Health. 2002; 35(4): 101-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12216989&dopt=Abstract

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Reproductive autonomy and the ethics of abortion. Author(s): Hewson B. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2001 October; 27 Suppl 2: Ii10-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11574652&dopt=Abstract

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Reproductive male-mediated risk: spontaneous abortion among wives of pesticide applicators. Author(s): Petrelli G, Figa-Talamanca I, Tropeano R, Tangucci M, Cini C, Aquilani S, Gasperini L, Meli P. Source: European Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 April; 16(4): 391-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10959949&dopt=Abstract

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Research on advantages of “medical” versus “surgical” abortion. Author(s): Pheterson G. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2002 Spring; 57(2): 120. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11991422&dopt=Abstract

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Research on regimens for early medical abortion. Author(s): von Hertzen H. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 133-6, 150. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846322&dopt=Abstract

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Retaining the abortion law in Slovakia. Author(s): Kliment M, Cupanik V. Source: Med Law. 1999; 18(2-3): 363-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10536402&dopt=Abstract

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Retinal arteriolar obstruction with progestogen treatment of threatened abortion. Author(s): Lanzetta P, Crovato S, Pirracchio A, Bandello F. Source: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2002 December; 80(6): 667-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12485292&dopt=Abstract

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Review of abortion policy: legality, medicaid funding, and parental involvement, 1967-1994. Author(s): Merz JF, Jackson CA, Klerman JA. Source: Women's Rights Law Report. 1995 Winter; 17(1): 1-61. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11863033&dopt=Abstract

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Revisiting public funding of abortion for poor women. Author(s): Boonstra H, Sonfield A. Source: Issues Brief (Alan Guttmacher Inst). 2000 December; (5): 1-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12134882&dopt=Abstract

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Risk of epilepsy in offspring of affected women: association with maternal spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Schupf N, Ottman R. Source: Neurology. 2001 November 13; 57(9): 1642-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11706105&dopt=Abstract

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Risk of postpartum induced abortion in Finland: a register-based study. Author(s): Vikat B, Kosunen E, Rimpela M. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2002 March-April; 34(2): 84-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12043713&dopt=Abstract

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Risk of spontaneous abortion in Italy, 1978-1995, and the effect of maternal age, gravidity, marital status, and education. Author(s): Osborn JF, Cattaruzza MS, Spinelli A. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 January 1; 151(1): 98-105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10625179&dopt=Abstract

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Risk-based versus alternative algorithms for antibiotic prophylaxis among women seeking early suction abortion: a cost-effectiveness simulation. Author(s): Friedman HB, Gift TL, Susanti I, Wasserheit JN. Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2001 December; 28(12): 714-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11725227&dopt=Abstract

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Roe v. Wade at 30: what are the prospects for abortion provision? Author(s): Joffe C. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 29-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602755&dopt=Abstract

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Roe v. Wade at twenty-nine: the future of abortion rights in the U.S. remains an open question. Author(s): Drenning MG. Source: Health Care Law Mon. 2002 February; : 6-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12436734&dopt=Abstract

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Role of abortion in fertility control. Author(s): Streatfield PK. Source: J Health Popul Nutr. 2001 December; 19(4): 265-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11855347&dopt=Abstract

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Role of decidual natural killer (NK) cells in patients with missed abortion: differences between cases with normal and abnormal chromosome. Author(s): Yamamoto T, Takahashi Y, Kase N, Mori H. Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 1999 June; 116(3): 449-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10361233&dopt=Abstract

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Rolling away the stone: post-abortion women in the Christian community. Author(s): Jeal RR, West LA. Source: J Pastoral Care Counsel. 2003 Spring; 57(1): 53-64; Discussion 65-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12728765&dopt=Abstract

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RU-486 and implications for use among adolescents seeking an abortion. Author(s): Meier E. Source: Pediatric Nursing. 2000 January-February; 26(1): 93-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12026325&dopt=Abstract

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Rupture of the cervix in a sulprostone induced abortion in the second trimester. Author(s): Corrado F, D'Anna R, Cannata ML. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2000 November; 264(3): 162-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11129519&dopt=Abstract

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Safe abortion: a right for refugees? Author(s): Lehmann A. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 151-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369319&dopt=Abstract

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Safety of extraovular catheter insertion for second-trimester abortion. Author(s): Ben-Arie A, Hazan Y, Goldchmit R, Hagay Z. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 October; 96(4): 529-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11004353&dopt=Abstract

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Safety of intra-amniotic digoxin administration before late second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation. Author(s): Drey EA, Thomas LJ, Benowitz NL, Goldschlager N, Darney PD. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 May; 182(5): 1063-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10819828&dopt=Abstract

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Screening for coeliac disease in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion sine causa. Author(s): Pellicano R, Astegiano M, Fagoonee S, Rizzetto M. Source: Panminerva Medica. 2000 December; 42(4): 299-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11294096&dopt=Abstract

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Second trimester abortion by laminaria followed by vaginal misoprostol or intrauterine prostaglandin F2alpha: a randomized trial. Author(s): Paz B, Ohel G, Tal T, Degani S, Sabo E, Levitan Z. Source: Contraception. 2002 June; 65(6): 411-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12127639&dopt=Abstract

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Second trimester medical abortion with mifepristone and gemeprost: a review of 956 cases. Author(s): Tang OS, Thong KJ, Baird DT. Source: Contraception. 2001 July; 64(1): 29-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11535210&dopt=Abstract

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Second trimester therapeutic abortion using mifepristone and oral misoprostol in a woman with two previous caesarean sections and a cone biopsy. Author(s): Oteri O, Hopkins R. Source: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 1999 November-December; 8(6): 300-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10582866&dopt=Abstract

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Second-trimester abortion caused by Capnocytophaga sputigena: case report. Author(s): Alanen A, Laurikainen E. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1999; 16(4): 181-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10458530&dopt=Abstract

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Self-reports of induced abortion: an empathetic setting can improve the quality of data. Author(s): Rasch V, Muhammad H, Urassa E, Bergstrom S. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2000 July; 90(7): 1141-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10897196&dopt=Abstract

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Senate votes to let soldiers overseas pay for abortion. Author(s): Hulse C. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2002 June 22; : A8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12159898&dopt=Abstract

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Separation of cesarean scar during second-trimester intravaginal misoprostol abortion. Author(s): Chen M, Shih JC, Chiu WT, Hsieh FJ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 November; 94(5 Pt 2): 840. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10546751&dopt=Abstract

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Sequelae of abortion and relinquishment of child custody among women with major psychiatric disorders. Author(s): Thomas T, Tori CD. Source: Psychological Reports. 1999 June; 84(3 Pt 1): 773-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10408200&dopt=Abstract

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Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and endometrial thickness after medical abortion. Author(s): Harwood B, Meckstroth KR, Mishell DR, Jain JK. Source: Contraception. 2001 May; 63(5): 255-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11448465&dopt=Abstract

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Serum leptin levels in women throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period and in women suffering spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Lage M, Garcia-Mayor RV, Tome MA, Cordido F, Valle-Inclan F, Considine RV, Caro JF, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 1999 February; 50(2): 211-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10396364&dopt=Abstract

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Serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in non-pregnant women, during pregnancy, labour and abortion. Author(s): Vassiliadis S, Ranella A, Papadimitriou L, Makrygiannakis A, Athanassakis I. Source: Mediators of Inflammation. 1998; 7(2): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9836491&dopt=Abstract

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Serum soluble CD23 and TNF-alpha in women with spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. Author(s): Matalliotakis I, Sifakis S, Koumantaki Y, Papadopoulou E, Neonaki M, Froudarakis G, Goumenou A, Koumantakis E. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 26(2): 118-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10459456&dopt=Abstract

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Sex Chromosome Genetics '99. The X chromosome and recurrent spontaneous abortion: the significance of transmanifesting carriers. Author(s): Lanasa MC, Hogge WA, Hoffman EP. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1999 April; 64(4): 934-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10090877&dopt=Abstract

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Sex-selective abortion: a relational approach. Author(s): Weiss G. Source: Hypatia. 1995 Winter; 10(1): 202-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11865874&dopt=Abstract

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Sexual coercion among adolescent women seeking abortion in China. Author(s): Yimin C, Shouqing L, Arzhu Q, Yuke Z, Jianhua W, Jinxin Z, Yanli Q, Xiaodun W, An J, Li P, Shaomin W. Source: The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2002 December; 31(6): 482-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12457582&dopt=Abstract

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Sexuality, reproduction, contraception, and abortion: a review of recent literature. Author(s): Mohr JC. Source: Journal of Women's History. 1996 Spring; 8(1): 172-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11623408&dopt=Abstract

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Sexually transmitted diseases and gynecologic symptoms and signs in women with a history of induced abortion. Author(s): Hellberg D, Mogilevkina I, Mardh PA. Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1999 April; 26(4): 197-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10225585&dopt=Abstract

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Short-term grief after an elective abortion. Author(s): Williams GB. Source: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : Jognn / Naacog. 2001 March-April; 30(2): 174-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11308107&dopt=Abstract

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Should abortion reporting continue in Canada? Author(s): Fowler D, Trouton KJ. Source: Canadian Journal of Public Health. Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique. 2000 September-October; 91(5): 396-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11089298&dopt=Abstract

130 Abortion

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Should therapeutic abortion be legal in Nicaragua: the response of Nicaraguan obstetrician-gynaecologists. Author(s): McNaughton HL, Blandon MM, Altamirano L. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 111-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369313&dopt=Abstract

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Showing them the way. Feds settle Mo. abortion-referral controversy that jeopardized clinic funding. Author(s): Galloro V. Source: Modern Healthcare. 2001 August 13; 31(33): 22-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11521479&dopt=Abstract

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Side effects of mifepristone-misoprostol abortion versus surgical abortion. Data from a trial in China, Cuba, and India. Author(s): Elul B, Ellertson C, Winikoff B, Coyaji K. Source: Contraception. 1999 February; 59(2): 107-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10361625&dopt=Abstract

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Similarities in women's perceptions and acceptability of manual vacuum aspiration and electric vacuum aspiration for first trimester abortion. Author(s): Bird ST, Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Nichols MD, Rogers K, Blumenthal PD. Source: Contraception. 2003 March; 67(3): 207-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12618255&dopt=Abstract

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Single women's experiences of premarital pregnancy and induced abortion in Lombok, Eastern Indonesia. Author(s): Bennett LR. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2001 May; 9(17): 37-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11468844&dopt=Abstract

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Skewed X inactivation and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Robinson WP, Beever C, Brown CJ, Stephenson MD. Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2001 June; 19(2): 175-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11480915&dopt=Abstract

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Skewed X-chromosome inactivation is associated with trisomy in women ascertained on the basis of recurrent spontaneous abortion or chromosomally abnormal pregnancies. Author(s): Beever CL, Stephenson MD, Penaherrera MS, Jiang RH, Kalousek DK, Hayden M, Field L, Brown CJ, Robinson WP. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003 February; 72(2): 399-407. Epub 2002 December 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12497247&dopt=Abstract

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So-called “partial birth abortion” bans: bad medicine? Maybe. Bad law? Definitely! Author(s): Massie AM. Source: Univ Pittsbg Law Rev. 1998 Winter; 59(2): 301-80. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11902179&dopt=Abstract

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Social actors and discourse on abortion in the Mexican press: the Paulina case. Author(s): Taracena R. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 103-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369312&dopt=Abstract

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Social impacts of technological diffusion: prenatal diagnosis and induced abortion in Brazil. Author(s): Novaes HM. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2000 January; 50(1): 41-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10622693&dopt=Abstract

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Social judgment of abortion: a black-sheep effect in a Catholic sheepfold. Author(s): Begue L. Source: The Journal of Social Psychology. 2001 October; 141(5): 640-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11758041&dopt=Abstract

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Society, the state, and abortion in East Germany, 1950-1972. Author(s): Harsch D. Source: The American Historical Review. 1997 February; 102(1): 53-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11623498&dopt=Abstract

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Socio-demographic characteristics of adolescent post-abortion patients in Blantyre, Malawi. Author(s): Lema VM, Mpanga V, Makanani BS. Source: East Afr Med J. 2002 June; 79(6): 306-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12638821&dopt=Abstract

132 Abortion

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Socio-demographic factors and indications in second trimester voluntary abortion. Author(s): Carriero C, Ceci OR, Melilli GA, Fanelli M, Nappi L, Di Gesu G, Ferreri R. Source: Panminerva Medica. 2000 March; 42(1): 33-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11019602&dopt=Abstract

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Sonographic evaluation of induced abortion--experience in Nigeria. Author(s): Adetiloye VA, Dare FO. Source: Afr J Med Med Sci. 1998 September-December; 27(3-4): 155-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10497638&dopt=Abstract

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Sonographic findings in clinically diagnosed threatened abortion. Author(s): Uerpairojkit B, Charoenvidhya D, Tannirandorn Y, Wacharaprechanont T, Manotaya S, Samritpradit P, Somprasit C. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2001 May; 84(5): 661-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11560215&dopt=Abstract

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Spectrum of normal intrauterine cavity sonographic findings after first-trimester abortion. Author(s): Bar-Hava I, Aschkenazi S, Orvieto R, Perri T, Shalev J, Dicker D, Ben-Rafael Z, Dekel A. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2001 December; 20(12): 1277-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762539&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion among pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technology in the United States. Author(s): Schieve LA, Tatham L, Peterson HB, Toner J, Jeng G. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 May; 101(5 Pt 1): 959-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12738158&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion and physical strain around implantation: a follow-up study of first-pregnancy planners. Author(s): Hjollund NH, Jensen TK, Bonde JP, Henriksen TB, Andersson AM, Kolstad HA, Ernst E, Giwercman A, Skakkebaek NE, Olsen J. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 January; 11(1): 18-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10615838&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion in the British semiconductor industry: An HSE investigation. Health and Safety Executive. Author(s): Elliott RC, Jones JR, McElvenny DM, Pennington MJ, Northage C, Clegg TA, Clarke SD, Hodgson JT, Osman J. Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1999 November; 36(5): 557-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10506738&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion in the UK semiconductor industry: an HSE investigation-reply to “Open letter to the Greenock Telegraph”. Author(s): Elliott RC. Source: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health : Official Journal of the International Commission on Occupational Health. 1999 April-June; 5(2): 154-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10330518&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion, sex ratio, and paternal occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Author(s): Schnorr TM, Lawson CC, Whelan EA, Dankovic DA, Deddens JA, Piacitelli LA, Reefhuis J, Sweeney MH, Connally LB, Fingerhut MA. Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001 November; 109(11): 1127-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11712997&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion: a randomized, controlled trial comparing surgical evacuation with conservative management using misoprostol. Author(s): Chung TK, Lee DT, Cheung LP, Haines CJ, Chang AM. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1999 June; 71(6): 1054-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10360909&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion: expectant management, medical treatment or surgical evacuation. Author(s): Gronlund L, Gronlund AL, Clevin L, Andersen B, Palmgren N, Lidegaard O. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2002 August; 81(8): 781-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12174165&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous abortion-related deaths among women in the United States--1981-1991. Author(s): Saraiya M, Green CA, Berg CJ, Hopkins FW, Koonin LM, Atrash HK. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 August; 94(2): 172-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10432122&dopt=Abstract

134 Abortion

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Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy presenting with tubal abortion. Author(s): Chittacharoen A, Manonai J. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2001 September; 84(9): 1361-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11800314&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous missed abortion caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. Author(s): Deveci S, Tanyuksel M, Deveci G, Araz E. Source: Cent Eur J Public Health. 2001 November; 9(4): 188-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11787246&dopt=Abstract

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State abortion policy, geographic access to abortion providers and changing family formation. Author(s): Lichter DT, McLaughlin DK, Ribar DC. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1998 November-December; 30(6): 281-7. Erratum In: Fam Plann Perspect 1999 March-April; 31(2): 80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9859019&dopt=Abstract

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State Medicaid directors protest abortion directive. Author(s): Wagner L. Source: Modern Healthcare. 1994 January 10; 24(2): 10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10130886&dopt=Abstract

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State's partial-birth abortion ban supported. Author(s): Chopko M, Moses M. Source: Origins. 2000 March 9; 29(38): 617-23. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11913443&dopt=Abstract

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Stem cells, cloning, and abortion: making careful distinctions. Author(s): Davis DS. Source: The American Journal of Bioethics : Ajob. 2002 Winter; 2(1): 47-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12085949&dopt=Abstract

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Structural determinants of the abortion rate: a cross-societal analysis. Author(s): Trent K, Hoskin AW. Source: Soc Biol. 1999 Spring-Summer; 46(1-2): 62-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10842502&dopt=Abstract

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Student-initiated forum on abortion. Author(s): Becker HI, Cochran N. Source: Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 2001 June; 76(6): 582. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11401798&dopt=Abstract

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Studying the health effects of induced abortion. Author(s): Henshaw SK. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 November-December; 32(6): 305-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11138868&dopt=Abstract

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Subfertility and risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Gray RH, Wu LY. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2000 September; 90(9): 1452-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10983206&dopt=Abstract

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Success rates and estimation of gestational age for medical abortion vary with transvaginal ultrasonographic criteria. Author(s): Creinin MD, Jerald H. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 January; 180(1 Pt 1): 35-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9914575&dopt=Abstract

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Successful treatment of immunologic abortion with low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Author(s): Stricker RB, Steinleitner A, Bookoff CN, Weckstein LN, Winger EE. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2000 March; 73(3): 536-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10689009&dopt=Abstract

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Suction curettage for early abortion: experience with 645 cases. Author(s): Nathanson BN. Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1971 March; 14(1): 99-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5568256&dopt=Abstract

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Suction curettage for early abortion: experience with 645 cases. Author(s): Nathanson BN. Source: Mod Treat. 1971 February; 8(1): 64-71. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5566912&dopt=Abstract

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Suction curettage for incomplete and inevitable abortion an emergency medicine procedure? Author(s): Tomlanovich MC. Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1982 December; 11(12): 695-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7149367&dopt=Abstract

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Surgical abortion. Author(s): Flett GM, Templeton A. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 April; 16(2): 247-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12041966&dopt=Abstract

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Surgical procedures to evacuate incomplete abortion. Author(s): Forna F, Gulmezoglu AM. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001; (1): Cd001993. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11279744&dopt=Abstract

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Syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydial infection among women undergoing legal or illegal abortion in Maputo. Author(s): Machungo F, Zanconato G, Persson K, Lind I, Jorgensen B, Herrmann B, Bergstrom S. Source: International Journal of Std & Aids. 2002 May; 13(5): 326-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11972937&dopt=Abstract

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T and B lymphocyte subsets in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: IVIG versus placebo treatment. Author(s): Jablonowska B, Palfi M, Matthiesen L, Selbing A, Kjellberg S, Ernerudh J. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2002 November; 48(5): 312-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12516653&dopt=Abstract

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Tamoxifen compared to methotrexate when used with misoprostol for abortion. Author(s): Wiebe ER. Source: Contraception. 1999 April; 59(4): 265-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10457872&dopt=Abstract

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Teen pregnancy rate down, abortion rate up. Author(s): Buske L. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2001 February 6; 164(3): 395. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11232148&dopt=Abstract

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Teenage abortion and pregnancy statistics by state, 1996. Author(s): Henshaw SK, Feivelson DJ. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 November-December; 32(6): 272-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11138863&dopt=Abstract

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Teenage abortion: parents need to know. Author(s): Nicholson M. Source: Med Econ. 2003 March 21; 80(6): 130. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12698635&dopt=Abstract

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Temporal trends in spontaneous abortion associated with Type 1 diabetes. Author(s): Dorman JS, Burke JP, McCarthy BJ, Norris JM, Steenkiste AR, Aarons JH, Schmeltz R, Cruickshanks KJ. Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 1999 January; 43(1): 41-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10199587&dopt=Abstract

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Testing for Chlamydia antibodies in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Witkin SS. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2000 March; 73(3): 656-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10733312&dopt=Abstract

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The abortion issue. Author(s): Coffey PG. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2001 July 10; 165(1): 14-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11468946&dopt=Abstract

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The abortion issue: an agonizing clash of values. Author(s): Buchanan S. Source: Houst Law Rev. 2002 Spring; 38(5): 1481-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12666681&dopt=Abstract

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The abortion pill. Author(s): France D, Rosenberg D. Source: Newsweek. 2000 October 9; 136(15): 26-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11184536&dopt=Abstract

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The abortion right, originalism, and the Fourteenth Amendment. Author(s): Graines S, Wyatt J. Source: Clevel State Law Rev. 1999; 47(2): 161-91. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12715815&dopt=Abstract

138 Abortion

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The accessibility of abortion services in the United States, 2001. Author(s): Henshaw SK, Finer LB. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 16-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602753&dopt=Abstract

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The associations of maternal caffeine consumption and nausea with spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Wen W, Shu XO, Jacobs DR Jr, Brown JE. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2001 January; 12(1): 38-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11138817&dopt=Abstract

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The battle against reproductive rights: the impact of the Catholic church on abortion law in both international and domestic arenas. Author(s): Fleishman R. Source: Emory Int Law Rev. 2000 Spring; 14(1): 277-314. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12484403&dopt=Abstract

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The constitutional law of abortion in Germany: should Americans pay attention? Author(s): Kommers DP. Source: J Contemp Health Law Policy. 1994 Spring; 10: 1-32. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10134806&dopt=Abstract

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The continuing conflict between sanctity of life and quality of life. From abortion to medically assisted death. Author(s): Dickens BM. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000 September; 913: 88-104. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11040831&dopt=Abstract

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The convergence of abortion regulation in Germany and the United States: a critique of Glendon's Rights Talk thesis. Author(s): Werner U. Source: Loyola Los Angel Int Comp Law J. 1996 June; 18(3): 571-602. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11936151&dopt=Abstract

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The counseling component of medical abortion. Author(s): Breitbart V, Repass DC. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 164-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846329&dopt=Abstract

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The delivery of medical abortion services: the views of experienced providers. Author(s): Beckman LJ, Harvey SM, Satre SJ. Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 2002 March-April; 12(2): 103-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11879763&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of abortion restrictions on the timing of abortions. Author(s): Bitler M, Zavodny M. Source: Journal of Health Economics. 2001 November; 20(6): 1011-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11758046&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of lorazepam on pain and anxiety in abortion. Author(s): Wiebe E, Podhradsky L, Dijak V. Source: Contraception. 2003 March; 67(3): 219-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12618257&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of training on the provision of elective abortion: a survey of five residency programs. Author(s): Steinauer JE, Landy U, Jackson RA, Darney PD. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 May; 188(5): 1161-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12748464&dopt=Abstract

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The effects of short-term variation in abortion funding on pregnancy outcomes. Author(s): Cook PJ, Parnell AM, Moore MJ, Pagnini D. Source: Journal of Health Economics. 1999 April; 18(2): 241-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10346355&dopt=Abstract

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The efficacy of immediate post-abortion intrauterine device insertion. Author(s): Gocmen A, Demirpolat N, Aysin H. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 29(4): 274-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12635744&dopt=Abstract

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The efficacy of medical abortion: a meta-analysis. Author(s): Kahn JG, Becker BJ, MacIsaa L, Amory JK, Neuhaus J, Olkin I, Creinin MD. Source: Contraception. 2000 January; 61(1): 29-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10745067&dopt=Abstract

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The emerging role of immunoregulation of fibrinogen-related procoagulant Fgl2 in the success or spontaneous abortion of early pregnancy in mice and humans. Author(s): Clark DA, Ding JW, Chaouat G, Coulam CB, August C, Levy GA. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1999 July; 42(1): 37-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10429765&dopt=Abstract

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The end of abortion and the meanings of “Christian America”. Author(s): Neuhaus RJ. Source: First Things (New York, N.Y.). 2001 June; (114): 67-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12426700&dopt=Abstract

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The ethics of selective termination cases. Opening the door to abortion extortion. Author(s): Schlotzhauer A, Liang BA. Source: The Journal of Legal Medicine. 1999 December; 20(4): 441-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10641459&dopt=Abstract

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The evidence that lead increases the risk for spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Hertz-Picciotto I. Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2000 September; 38(3): 300-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10940968&dopt=Abstract

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The exception that swallowed the rule? Women's Medical Professional Corporation v. Voinovich and the mental health exception to post-viability abortion bans. Author(s): Wassom BD. Source: Case Western Reserve Law Review. 1999 Summer; 49(4): 799-867. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12173630&dopt=Abstract

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The expression of a novel natural killer inhibitory molecule, Cho-1, on the chorionic cytotrophoblast cells of successful pregnancy, but not of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Nagata M, Akazawa T, Tamura Y, Kamiguchi K, Hirai I, Ohtani S, Sagae S, Kudo R, Torigoe T, Sato N. Source: Pathology International. 2000 October; 50(10): 824-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11107055&dopt=Abstract

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The factor V Leiden mutation in Japanese couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Hashimoto K, Shizusawa Y, Shimoya K, Ohashi K, Shimizu T, Azuma C, Murata Y. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 July; 14(7): 1872-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10402408&dopt=Abstract

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The hide-and-seek game: men's perspectives on abortion and contraceptive use within marriage in a rural community in Zimbabwe. Author(s): Chikovore J, Lindmark G, Nystrom L, Mbizvo MT, Ahlberg BM. Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2002 July; 34(3): 317-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12117212&dopt=Abstract

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The HLA-G genotype is potentially associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Pfeiffer KA, Fimmers R, Engels G, van der Ven H, van der Ven K. Source: Molecular Human Reproduction. 2001 April; 7(4): 373-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11279300&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of Mississippi's mandatory delay law on the timing of abortion. Author(s): Joyce T, Kaestner R. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 January-February; 32(1): 4-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10710701&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of region on racial differences in attitudes toward legal abortion. Author(s): Secret PE. Source: J Black Stud. 1987; 17(3): 347-69. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11617272&dopt=Abstract

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The influence of abortion legislation on maternal mortality. Author(s): Singh K, Ratnam SS. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1998 December; 63 Suppl 1: S123-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10075222&dopt=Abstract

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The influence of antiphospholipid antibodies on the pregnancy outcome of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Heilmann L, von Tempelhoff GF, Kuse S. Source: Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis : Official Journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2001 October; 7(4): 281-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697709&dopt=Abstract

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The intersection of relational and cultural narratives: women's abortion experiences. Author(s): McIntyre M, Anderson B, McDonald C. Source: The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research = Revue Canadienne De Recherche En Sciences Infirmieres. 2001 December; 33(3): 47-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11845622&dopt=Abstract

142 Abortion

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The knowledge, acceptability, and use of misoprostol for self-induced medical abortion in an urban US population. Author(s): Rosing MA, Archbald CD. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 183-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10846334&dopt=Abstract

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The law of the sacred cow: sacrificing the First Amendment to defend abortion on demand. Author(s): Lugosi C. Source: Denver Univ Law Rev. 2001; 79(1): 91-135. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12769120&dopt=Abstract

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The law, the AMA, and partial-birth abortion. American Medical Association. Author(s): Floren AE. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 July 7; 282(1): 25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10404905&dopt=Abstract

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The law, the AMA, and partial-birth abortion. American Medical Association. Author(s): Stanley JM. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 July 7; 282(1): 25; Author Reply 26-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10404904&dopt=Abstract

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The law, the AMA, and partial-birth abortion. American Medical Association. Author(s): Cronbach EJ. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 July 7; 282(1): 24-5; Author Reply 26-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10404903&dopt=Abstract

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The law, the AMA, and partial-birth abortion. American Medical Association. Author(s): Lauster M, Spear SJ. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 July 7; 282(1): 24; Author Reply 26-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10404902&dopt=Abstract

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The law, the AMA, and partial-birth abortion. American Medical Association. Author(s): Richmond JB. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 July 7; 282(1): 24; Author Reply 27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10404901&dopt=Abstract

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The law, the AMA, and partial-birth abortion. American Medical Association. Author(s): Hodgson JE. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 July 7; 282(1): 23-4; Author Reply 26-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10404900&dopt=Abstract

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The law, the AMA, and partial-birth abortion. American Medical Association. Author(s): Benshoof J. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 July 7; 282(1): 23; Author Reply 26-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10404899&dopt=Abstract

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The legalization of abortion: a major public health issue. Author(s): Bajos N, Leridon H, Warszawski J, Bouyer J. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1999 November; 89(11): 1763. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10553406&dopt=Abstract

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The lesser shame: abortion among educated women in southern Cameroon. Author(s): Johnson-Hanks J. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2002 October; 55(8): 1337-49. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12231013&dopt=Abstract

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The limits of conscientious objection to abortion in the developing world. Author(s): van Bogaert LJ. Source: Developing World Bioethics. 2002 December; 2(2): 131-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12870481&dopt=Abstract

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The limits of law at the limits of life: lessons from cannibalism, euthanasia, abortion, and the court-ordered killing of one conjoined twin to save the other. Author(s): Annas GJ. Source: Conn Law Rev. 2001 Summer; 33(4): 1275-96. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12622071&dopt=Abstract

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The male partner involved in legal abortion. Author(s): Kero A, Lalos A, Hogberg U, Jacobsson L. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 October; 14(10): 2669-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10528006&dopt=Abstract

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The medical doctor should respond as a conscientious objector to legislation in favour of the crimes of abortion and euthanasia. Author(s): John Paul II P. Source: Dolentium Hominum. 2000; 15(3): 133-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11764801&dopt=Abstract

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The mifepristone-misoprostol regimen for early medical abortion. Author(s): Ellertson C, Waldman SN. Source: Curr Womens Health Rep. 2001 December; 1(3): 184-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12112968&dopt=Abstract

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The moral difference between infanticide and abortion: a response to Robert Card. Author(s): Warren MA. Source: Bioethics. 2000 October; 14(4): 352-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11758588&dopt=Abstract

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The morality of abortion and the deprivation of futures. Author(s): Brown MT. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2000 April; 26(2): 103-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10786320&dopt=Abstract

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The need for family planning and safe abortion services among women sex workers seeking STI care in Cambodia. Author(s): Delvaux T, Crabbe F, Seng S, Laga M. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2003 May; 11(21): 88-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12800706&dopt=Abstract

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The need for more physicians trained in abortion: raising future physicians' awareness. Author(s): Heilig S, Wilson TS. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 1999 Fall; 8(4): 485-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10513305&dopt=Abstract

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The new ethics of abortion. Author(s): Greenwood J. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2001 October; 27 Suppl 2: Ii2-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11574650&dopt=Abstract

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The person in abortion. Author(s): Clarke L. Source: Nursing Ethics. 1999 January; 6(1): 37-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10067555&dopt=Abstract

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The potential role of contraception in reducing abortion. Author(s): Bongaarts J, Westoff CF. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 2000 September; 31(3): 193-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11020931&dopt=Abstract

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The primacy of abortion in the moral rhetoric of U.S. Catholic bishops. Author(s): Sunshine ER. Source: Annu Soc Christ Ethics. 1989; : 167-186. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11949678&dopt=Abstract

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The problem of coerced abortion in China and related ethical issues. Author(s): Nie JB. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 1999 Fall; 8(4): 463-77; Discussion 475-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10513303&dopt=Abstract

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The problem of illegally induced abortion: results from a hospital-based study conducted at district level in Dar es Salaam. Author(s): Rasch V, Muhammad H, Urassa E, Bergstrom S. Source: Tropical Medicine & International Health : Tm & Ih. 2000 July; 5(7): 495-502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10964272&dopt=Abstract

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The process of decision-making on abortion: a grounded theory study of young men in Sweden. Author(s): Holmberg LI, Wahlberg V. Source: The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2000 March; 26(3): 230-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10706171&dopt=Abstract

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The promised end--physician-assisted suicide and abortion. Author(s): Annas GJ. Source: Duquesne Law Rev. 1996 Fall; 35(1): 183-99. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12385307&dopt=Abstract

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The public health impact of legal abortion: 30 years later. Author(s): Cates W Jr, Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 25-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602754&dopt=Abstract

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The quality of the caregiving environment and child developmental outcomes associated with maternal history of abortion using the NLSY data. Author(s): Coleman PK, Reardon DC, Cougle J. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 2002 September; 43(6): 743-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12236609&dopt=Abstract

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The reality of unsafe abortion in a rural community in South India. Author(s): Varkey P, Balakrishna PP, Prasad JH, Abraham S, Joseph A. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 November; 8(16): 83-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424254&dopt=Abstract

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The relationship between congenital cardiovascular malformations and spontaneous abortion in preceding pregnancy. Author(s): Bianca S, Ettore G, Guarnera S, Meli S, Mollica F. Source: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 1999 April; 13(2): 236. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10214612&dopt=Abstract

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The relationship of contextual factors to women's perceptions of medical abortion. Author(s): Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Roberts Branch M. Source: Health Care for Women International. 2002 September-November; 23(6-7): 65465. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12418986&dopt=Abstract

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The road to abortion (II): how government got hooked. Author(s): Meehan M. Source: The Human Life Review. 1999 Winter; 25(1): 68-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11881670&dopt=Abstract

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The role of advocacy in implementing the South African abortion law. Author(s): Varkey SJ, Fonn S, Ketlhapile M. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2000 November; 8(16): 103-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11424238&dopt=Abstract

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The role of changes in contraceptive use in the decline of induced abortion in Turkey. Author(s): Senlet P, Curtis SL, Mathis J, Raggers H. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 2001 March; 32(1): 41-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11326456&dopt=Abstract

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The roles of clinical assessment, human chorionic gonadotropin assays, and ultrasonography in medical abortion practice. Author(s): Paul M, Schaff E, Nichols M. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 August; 183(2 Suppl): S3443. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10944368&dopt=Abstract

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The second abortion pill. Author(s): Nemecek S. Source: Scientific American. 2000 December; 283(6): 16, 18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11103451&dopt=Abstract

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The significance of crown-rump length measurement for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome of threatened abortion. Author(s): Reljic M. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 June; 17(6): 510-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11422973&dopt=Abstract

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The silent consumer: women's reports and ratings of abortion services. Author(s): Zapka JG, Lemon S, Peterson LE, Palmer H, Goldman MB. Source: Medical Care. 2001 January; 39(1): 50-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11176543&dopt=Abstract

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The Soviet legalization of abortion in German medical discourse: a study of the use of selective perceptions in cross-cultural scientific relations. Author(s): Solomon SG. Source: Abh Gesch Med Naturwiss. 1997; (81): 209-33. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11619547&dopt=Abstract

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The staffs' views regarding young men involved in decisions on abortion: preliminary information from a study of outpatient clinics for adolescents in Sweden. Author(s): Holmberg LI, Wahlberg V. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1999; 47(3): 177-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10087412&dopt=Abstract

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The struggle for abortion law reform in Thailand. Author(s): Whittaker A. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 45-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369331&dopt=Abstract

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The transcobalamin codon 259 polymorphism influences the risk of human spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Zetterberg H, Regland B, Palmer M, Rymo L, Zafiropoulos A, Arvanitis DA, Spandidos DA, Blennow K. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2002 December; 17(12): 3033-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12456598&dopt=Abstract

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The ugly face of septic abortion. Author(s): Nanda S, Sangwan K, Agarwal U. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2002 October 10; 105(1): 71-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12270569&dopt=Abstract

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The use of electric bed heaters and the risk of clinically recognized spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Lee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L, Yost M, Hiatt RA. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2000 July; 11(4): 406-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10874547&dopt=Abstract

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The use of induced abortion as a contraceptive: the case of Mongolia. Author(s): Pandey RN. Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2002 January; 34(1): 91-108. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11814215&dopt=Abstract

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The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in sine causa or alloimmune recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Author(s): Patriarca A, Piccioni V, Gigante V, Benedetto C. Source: Panminerva Medica. 2000 September; 42(3): 193-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11218624&dopt=Abstract

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The use of suction curettage in incomplete abortion. Author(s): Suter PE, Chatfield WR, Kotonya AO. Source: J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1970 May; 77(5): 464-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5427607&dopt=Abstract

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The war on drugs and the war on abortion: some initial thoughts on the connections, intersections and effects. Author(s): Paltrow LM. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 162-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369321&dopt=Abstract

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T-helper (1) cytokines increase during early pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Rezaei A, Dabbagh A. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2002 August; 8(8): Cr607-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12165750&dopt=Abstract

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Theoretical basis for herbal medicines, Tokishakuyaku-san and Sairei-to, in the treatment of autoimmunity-related recurrent abortion by correcting T helper-1/T helper-2 balance. Author(s): Fujii T, Kanai T, Kozuma S, Hamai Y, Hyodo H, Yamashita T, Miki A, Unno N, Taketani Y. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 December; 44(6): 342-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11200812&dopt=Abstract

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Therapeutic abortion. Author(s): Strawcutter H. Source: N C Med J. 2001 May-June; 62(3): 124. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11370313&dopt=Abstract

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Third trimester abortion: is compassion enough? Author(s): Paul S. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 December; 106(12): 1329-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609736&dopt=Abstract

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Third trimester abortion: is compassion enough? Author(s): Chervenak FA, McCullough LB, Campbell S. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 April; 106(4): 293-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10426233&dopt=Abstract

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Thomson, the right to life, and partial birth abortion or two MULES for Sister Sarah. Author(s): Alward P. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2002 April; 28(2): 99-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11934938&dopt=Abstract

150 Abortion

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Threatened abortion: prediction of viability based on signs and symptoms. Author(s): Chung TK, Sahota DS, Lau TK, Mongelli JM, Spencer JA, Haines CJ. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1999 November; 39(4): 443-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10687760&dopt=Abstract

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Thrombophilic gene mutations and recurrent spontaneous abortion: prothrombin mutation increases the risk in the first trimester. Author(s): Pihusch R, Buchholz T, Lohse P, Rubsamen H, Rogenhofer N, Hasbargen U, Hiller E, Thaler CJ. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2001 August; 46(2): 124-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11506076&dopt=Abstract

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Thyroid autoimmunity and abortion: a prospective study in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Author(s): Muller AF, Verhoeff A, Mantel MJ, Berghout A. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1999 January; 71(1): 30-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9935112&dopt=Abstract

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Thyroid autoimmunity and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Glinoer D. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1999 August; 72(2): 373-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10439016&dopt=Abstract

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Thyroid immunity, thyroid dysfunction, and the risk of miscarriage: a propos article by Vaquero et al. Mild thyroid abnormalities and recurrent spontaneous abortion: diagnostic and therapeutical approach. Author(s): Glinoer D. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 April; 43(4): 202-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10836248&dopt=Abstract

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Timing of pain and bleeding after mifepristone-induced abortion. Author(s): De Nonno LJ, Westhoff C, Fielding S, Schaff E. Source: Contraception. 2000 December; 62(6): 305-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11239617&dopt=Abstract

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Toxoplasmosis and habitual abortion. Author(s): Qublan HS, Jumaian N, Abu-Salem A, Hamadelil FY, Mashagbeh M, AbdelGhani F. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 May; 22(3): 296-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521504&dopt=Abstract

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Transcervical embryoscopy in missed abortion. Author(s): Philipp T, Kalousek DK. Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2001 May; 18(5): 285-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11464580&dopt=Abstract

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Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography in the management of first-trimester spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Alcazar JL, Ortiz CA. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2002 April 10; 102(1): 83-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12039096&dopt=Abstract

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Transvaginal sonography in the detection of retained products of conception after first-trimester spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Wong SF, Lam MH, Ho LC. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 2002 September; 30(7): 428-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12210461&dopt=Abstract

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Transvaginal sonohysterography and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of female infertility, habitual abortion or metrorrhagia. A comparative study. Author(s): Gronlund L, Hertz J, Helm P, Colov NP. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1999 May; 78(5): 415-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10326887&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment with 2% clindamycin vaginal cream prior to first trimester surgical abortion to reduce signs of postoperative infection: a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Author(s): Larsson PG, Platz-Christensen JJ, Dalaker K, Eriksson K, Fahraeus L, Irminger K, Jerve F, Stray-Pedersen B, Wolner-Hanssen P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2000 May; 79(5): 390-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10830767&dopt=Abstract

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Trends in adolescent males' abortion attitudes, 1988-1995: differences by race and ethnicity. Author(s): Boggess S, Bradner C. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 May-June; 32(3): 118-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10894257&dopt=Abstract

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Trends in teenage fertility, abortion, and pregnancy rates in Iceland compared with other Nordic countries, 1976-99. Author(s): Bender S, Geirsson RT, Kosunen E. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003 January; 82(1): 38-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12580838&dopt=Abstract

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Trisomy 16, cause of first trimester abortion. Author(s): Khan AH. Source: J Pak Med Assoc. 2001 October; 51(10): 378-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11768943&dopt=Abstract

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Tumor necrosis factor during pregnancy and at the onset of labor and spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Daher S, Fonseca F, Ribeiro OG, Musatti CC, Gerbase-DeLima M. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1999 March; 83(1): 77-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10221614&dopt=Abstract

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Two cases of abortion and premature birth after removal of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Author(s): Rollnik JD, Luck HJ, Giersig C. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2002 December; 7(4): 244-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12648298&dopt=Abstract

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Two challenges to the double effect doctrine: euthanasia and abortion. Author(s): Shaw AB. Source: Journal of Medical Ethics. 2002 April; 28(2): 102-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11934939&dopt=Abstract

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U.S. approves abortion pill; drug offers more privacy, and could reshape debate. Author(s): Kolata G. Source: Ny Times (Print). 2000 September 29; : A1, A18. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11791614&dopt=Abstract

Studies 153

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Underreporting sensitive behaviors: the case of young women's willingness to report abortion. Author(s): Smith LB, Adler NE, Tschann JM. Source: Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. 1999 January; 18(1): 37-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9925044&dopt=Abstract

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Unexplained habitual abortion is associated with a reduced endometrial release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the luteal phase of the cycle. Author(s): Gaffuri B, Airoldi L, Di Blasio AM, Vigano P, Miragoli AM, Santorsola R, Vignali M. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2000 May; 142(5): 477-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10802525&dopt=Abstract

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Universal screening for domestic violence in abortion. Author(s): Wiebe ER, Janssen P. Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 2001 September-October; 11(5): 436-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11566286&dopt=Abstract

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Unsafe abortion in adolescents. Author(s): Olukoya AA, Kaya A, Ferguson BJ, AbouZahr C. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 November; 75(2): 137-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11684109&dopt=Abstract

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Unsafe abortion: an avoidable tragedy. Author(s): Van Look PF, Cottingham JC. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 April; 16(2): 205-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12041963&dopt=Abstract

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Unsafe abortion: worldwide estimates for 2000. Author(s): Ahman E, Shah I. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369316&dopt=Abstract

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Urgent need to prevent abortion-related maternal deaths in Africa. Author(s): Rogo KO. Source: East Afr Med J. 1999 October; 76(10): 539-40. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10734501&dopt=Abstract

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US abortion clinics afraid of new violence. Author(s): Charatan F. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2001 July 21; 323(7305): 126. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11463671&dopt=Abstract

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US court rules in favour of radical anti-abortion activists. Author(s): McCarthy M. Source: Lancet. 2001 April 7; 357(9262): 1104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11297975&dopt=Abstract

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US courts in conflict over late term abortion. Author(s): Charatan F. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1999 November 6; 319(7219): 1220. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10550073&dopt=Abstract

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US judges rule in favour of abortion “hit list”. Author(s): Charatan F. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2001 April 7; 322(7290): 818. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11290631&dopt=Abstract

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US Senate outlaws “partial birth abortion”. Author(s): Hopkins Tanne J. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2003 March 22; 326(7390): 619. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12649227&dopt=Abstract

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US Senate passes bill banning “partial-birth abortion”. Author(s): McCarthy M. Source: Lancet. 2003 March 22; 361(9362): 1021. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12660068&dopt=Abstract

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Use of misoprostol in first and second trimester abortion: a review. Author(s): Scheepers HC, van Erp EJ, van den Bergh AS. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1999 September; 54(9): 592-600. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10481856&dopt=Abstract

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Use of vaginal misoprostol for abortion. Author(s): Harwood B, Mishell DR Jr. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2000 December; 15(12): 2686-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11098046&dopt=Abstract

Studies 155

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Use of various ultrasonographic criteria to evaluate the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion. Author(s): Creinin MD, Spitz IM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 December; 181(6): 1419-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10601923&dopt=Abstract

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Users' perspectives on medical abortion in Finland. Author(s): Honkanen H, von Hertzen H. Source: Contraception. 2002 June; 65(6): 419-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12127641&dopt=Abstract

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Using the right to life to confront unsafe abortion in Africa. Author(s): Teklehaimanot KI. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 143-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369318&dopt=Abstract

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Uterine curettage following second trimester abortion by extraovular instillation of prostaglandin E2. A prospective-randomized trial. Author(s): Atad J, Hallak M, Fruchter O, Yshai D, Auslender R, Abramovici H. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1999 August; 85(2): 147-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10584627&dopt=Abstract

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Uterine perforation during surgical abortion: a review of diagnosis, management and prevention. Author(s): Pridmore BR, Chambers DG. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1999 August; 39(3): 349-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10554950&dopt=Abstract

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Uterine perforation from induced abortion at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana: a five year review. Author(s): Obed SA, Wilson JB. Source: West Afr J Med. 1999 October-December; 18(4): 286-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10734793&dopt=Abstract

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Uterine rupture during second-trimester abortion associated with misoprostol. Author(s): Berghahn L, Christensen D, Droste S. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 November; 98(5 Pt 2): 976-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11704229&dopt=Abstract

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Uterine rupture in second trimester abortion in a grand multiparous woman. A complication of misoprostol and oxytocin. Author(s): Al-Hussaini TK. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2001 June; 96(2): 218-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11384812&dopt=Abstract

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Uteroplacental circulation in patients with first-trimester threatened abortion. Author(s): Alcazar JL, Ruiz-Perez ML. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2000 January; 73(1): 130-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10632427&dopt=Abstract

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Vaccines, abortion, and moral coherence. Author(s): Maher DP. Source: Natl Cathol Bioeth Q. 2002 Spring; 2(1): 51-67. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12854568&dopt=Abstract

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Vaginal misoprostol 1000 microg for early abortion. Author(s): Carbonell JL, Rodriguez J, Aragon S, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C, Barambio S, Chami S, Valero F. Source: Contraception. 2001 March; 63(3): 131-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11368984&dopt=Abstract

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Vaginal misoprostol 600 microg for early abortion. Author(s): Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Barambio S, Chami S. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2000 March; 5(1): 46-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10836662&dopt=Abstract

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Vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone for early medical abortion: A randomized trial. Author(s): Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C, Ellertson C, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS, Fuller L. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000 October 18; 284(15): 1948-53. Erratum In: Jama 2000 November 22-29; 284(20): 2597. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11035891&dopt=Abstract

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Vaginal misoprostol alone for medical abortion up to 9 weeks of gestation: efficacy and acceptability. Author(s): Ngai SW, Tang OS, Chan YM, Ho PC. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2000 May; 15(5): 1159-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10783370&dopt=Abstract

Studies 157

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Vaginal misoprostol for abortion at 10-13 weeks' gestation. Author(s): Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sanchez C. Source: The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception. 1999 March; 4(1): 35-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10367194&dopt=Abstract

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Vaginal misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming: is there an optimal evacuation time interval? Author(s): Singh K, Fong YF, Prasad RN, Dong F. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 March; 106(3): 266-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10426647&dopt=Abstract

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Value of flow cytometric assay for the detection of antisperm antibodies in women with a history of recurrent abortion. Author(s): Al-Hussein K, Al-Mukhalafi Z, Bertilsson PA, Jaroudi K, Shoukri M, Hollander J. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2002 January; 47(1): 31-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11883747&dopt=Abstract

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Viable intrauterine pregnancy with acute salpingitis progressing to septic abortion. A case report. Author(s): Lara-Torre E, Pinkerton JS. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 November; 47(11): 959-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12497692&dopt=Abstract

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Water vacuum suction curettage (WVSC) for late first trimester abortions. Author(s): Woods JR, Herrick CN. Source: Contraception. 1974 September; 10(3): 305-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4442273&dopt=Abstract

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What happens if Roe is overruled? Extraterritorial regulation of abortion by the states. Author(s): Bradford CS. Source: Ariz Law Rev. 1993 Spring; 35(1): 87-171. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12645556&dopt=Abstract

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When a patient requests an abortion. Author(s): Murty J. Source: Practitioner. 2000 March; 244(1608): 204-6, 208, 210-1 Passim. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10859807&dopt=Abstract

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Will violence end patients' access to abortion? Author(s): Epstein D. Source: Med Econ. 1999 May 10; 76(9): 51-4, 57-8, 61-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10537741&dopt=Abstract

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Wisconsin law banning 'partial-birth' abortion in flux. Author(s): Cohen ME. Source: Wmj. 1999 December; 98(8): 56, 58. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10639898&dopt=Abstract

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Women and abortion in 1930s Britain: a survey and its data. Author(s): Thomas J, Williams S. Source: Social History of Medicine : the Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine / Sshm. 1998 August; 11(2): 283-309. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11620431&dopt=Abstract

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Women need to know there's help available other than abortion. Author(s): Galick Y. Source: Rn. 2001 January; 64(1): 9-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12032949&dopt=Abstract

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Women need to know there's help available other than abortion. Author(s): Gibby L. Source: Rn. 2001 January; 64(1): 10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12032936&dopt=Abstract

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Women on waves: where next for the abortion boat? Author(s): Gomperts R. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 180-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369324&dopt=Abstract

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Women's health after abortion: a fresh look at the evidence. Author(s): Gentles I. Source: The Human Life Review. 2002 Fall; 28(4): 87-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12751491&dopt=Abstract

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Women's medicine, women's culture: abortion and fortune-telling in early twentiethcentury Germany and The Netherlands. Author(s): De Blecourt W, Usborne C. Source: Medical History. 1999 July; 43(3): 376-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10885130&dopt=Abstract

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Women's preferences for general or local anesthesia for pain during first trimester surgical abortion in India. Author(s): Clark S, Krishna U, Kallenbach L, Mandlekar A, Raote V, Ellertson C. Source: Contraception. 2002 October; 66(4): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12413625&dopt=Abstract

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X chromosome defects as an etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Lanasa MC, Hogge WA. Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2000; 18(1): 97-103. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11299525&dopt=Abstract

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Young Latinas and abortion: the role of cultural factors, reproductive behavior, and alternative roles to motherhood. Author(s): Kaplan CP, Erickson PI, Stewart SL, Crane LA. Source: Health Care for Women International. 2001 October-November; 22(7): 667-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12141843&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ABORTION Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and abortion.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Abortion The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

162 Abortion

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “abortion” (or a synonym): •

A comparison of the Abortion Rights Mobilization and Population Council trials. Author(s): Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14620, USA. [email protected] Source: Schaff, E A Fielding, S L J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 137-40 0098-8421

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A randomised study of misoprostol and gemeprost in combination with mifepristone for induction of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. Author(s): Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Source: Bartley, J Baird, D T BJOG. 2002 November; 109(11): 1290-4 1470-0328

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Bleeding patterns after early abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol or manual vacuum aspiration. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. Source: Davis, A Westhoff, C De Nonno, L J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 141-4 0098-8421

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Blood plasma levels of lipoperoxides, glutathione peroxidase, beta carotene, vitamin A and E in women with habitual abortion. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Firat University, Medical Faculty, Elazig, Turkey. Source: Simsek, M Naziroglu, M Simsek, H Cay, M Aksakal, M Kumru, S Cell-BiochemFunct. 1998 December; 16(4): 227-31 0263-6484

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Comparison of two doses of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol for early medical abortion: a randomised trial. World Health Organisation Task Force on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Author(s): Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Source: Anonymous BJOG. 2000 April; 107(4): 524-30

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Early abortion by mifepristone (RU 486) followed by vaginal gel (meteneprost) versus oral (misoprostol) prostaglandin. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Source: Takkar, D Agarwal, N Sehgal, R Buckshee, K Adv-Contracept. 1999; 15(2): 16373 0267-4874

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Early medical abortion in India: three studies and their implications for abortion services. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KEM Hospital, Rasta Peth, Pune, India. Source: Coyaji, K J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 191-4 0098-8421

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Effect of PGF2alpha, indomethacin, tamoxifen, or estradiol-17beta on incidence of abortion, progesterone, and pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) secretion in 88- to 90-day pregnant sheep. Author(s): Department of Animal Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822, USA. Source: Bridges, P J Weems, Y S Kim, L M Sasser, R G LeaMaster, B R Vincent, D L Weems, C W Prostaglandins-Other-Lipid-Mediat. 1999 October; 58(2-4): 113-24 10988823

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Factors affecting the outcome of early medical abortion: a review of 4132 consecutive cases. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, UK. Source: Ashok, P W Templeton, A Wagaarachchi, P T Flett, G M BJOG. 2002 November; 109(11): 1281-9 1470-0328

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Fetal research under fire: the influence of abortion politics. Source: Gold, R.B. Lehrman, D. Fam-Plann-Perspect. New York, N.Y. : Alan Guttmacher Institute. Jan/February 1989. volume 21 (1) page 6-11, 38. 0014-7354

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Having an abortion using mifepristone and home misoprostol: a qualitative analysis of women's experiences. Author(s): Department of Family Medicine, Reproductive Health Program, University of Rochester, NY, USA. [email protected] Source: Fielding, Stephen L Edmunds, Emme Schaff, Eric A Perspect-Sex-ReprodHealth. 2002 Jan-February; 34(1): 34-40

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Herbal factors in the treatment of autoimmunity-related habitual abortion. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Source: Fujii, T Vitam-Horm. 2002; 65: 333-44 0083-6729

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In-depth interviews with medical abortion clients: thoughts on the method and home administration of misoprostol. Author(s): Population Council, New York City, USA. Source: Elul, B Pearlman, E Sorhaindo, A Simonds, W Westhoff, C J-Am-Med-WomensAssoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 169-72 0098-8421

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Induction of abortion by strange males in pine vole females that are:1) ten days pregnant or 2) pregnant and lactating. Source: Schadler, M.H. Gauger, B.J. Proc-East-Pine-Meadow-Symp. Winchester, Va. : R.E. Byers. 1980. (4th) page 24-27.

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Instituting medical abortion services: changes in outcome and acceptability related to provider experience. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University, USA. Source: Borgatta, L Burnhill, M Haskell, S Nichols, M Leonhardt, K J-Am-Med-WomensAssoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 173-6 0098-8421

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Is medical abortion acceptable to all American women: the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on the acceptability of mifepristone-misoprostol abortion. Author(s): Population Council, New York, USA. Source: Clark, S Ellertson, C Winikoff, B J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 177-82 0098-8421

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Kernel abortion and distribution of mineral elements along the maize ear. Source: Mozafar, A. Agron-J. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy. May/June 1990. volume 82 (3) page 511-514. ill. 0002-1962

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Life threatening myocardial ischaemia associated with the use of prostaglandin E1 to induce abortion. Author(s): Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Community Hospital of the University Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Germany. Source: Schulte Sasse, U BJOG. 2000 May; 107(5): 700-2

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Medical abortion alternatives to mifepristone. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA. Source: Creinin, M D PyMarch, H C J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 12732, 150 0098-8421

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Medical abortion in China. Author(s): National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing. Source: Wu, S J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 197-9, 204 0098-8421

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Medical abortion in the first trimester. Author(s): Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, 37 Chalmers Street, UK. Source: Baird, D T Best-Pract-Res-Clin-Obstet-Gynaecol. 2002 April; 16(2): 221-36 15216934

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Medical abortion in the second trimester. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, China. Source: Tang, O S Ho, P C Best-Pract-Res-Clin-Obstet-Gynaecol. 2002 April; 16(2): 237-46 1521-6934

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Medical abortion: overview and management. Author(s): University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, USA. Source: Trupin, S R Moreno, C Medscape-Womens-Health. 2001 December; 6(6): 4 15212076

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Misoprostal use for therapeutic abortion in Siriraj Hospital: the year 2000. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Source: Sirimai, Korakot Kiriwat, Orawan Neungton, Somchaya Suvanichchati, Sukanda J-Med-Assoc-Thai. 2002 April; 85(4): 416-23 0125-2208

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Misoprostol alone--a new method of medical abortion? Author(s): Population Council, New York City, USA. Source: Blanchard, K Winikoff, B Coyaji, K Nguyen, T N J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 189-90 0098-8421

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Misoprostol for abortion at 9-12 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Author(s): Clinca Mediterrania Medica, Valencia, Castello, Spain. Source: Carbonell, J L Velazco, A Varela, L Tanda, R Sanchez, C Barambio, S Chami, S Valero, F Aragon, S Mari, J Eur-J-Contracept-Reprod-Health-Care. 2001 Mar; 6(1): 39-45 1362-5187

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Mode of action of medical methods of abortion. Author(s): Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh. Source: Baird, D T J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 121-6 0098-8421

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Non-infectious factors in sow's abortion. Source: Fekete, S. Reprod-domest-anim. Berlin : Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH. August 1999. volume 34 (3/4) page 177-184. 0936-6768

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Opening a door to safe abortion: international perspectives on medical abortifacient use. Author(s): AVSC International, New York City, USA. Source: Pollack, A E Pine, R N J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 186-8 00988421

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Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming in first-trimester abortion: a randomized trial. Author(s): Clinica Mediterrania Medica, Valencia, Castello, Spain. Source: Carbonell, J L Velazco, A Rodriguez, Y Tanda, R Sanchez, C Barambio, S Valera, L Chami, S Valero, F Aragon, S Mari, J Eur-J-Contracept-Reprod-Health-Care. 2001 September; 6(3): 134-40 1362-5187

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Ordeal of women for induced abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. Author(s): ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [email protected] Source: Bhuiya, A Aziz, A Chowdhury, M J-Health-Popul-Nutr. 2001 December; 19(4): 281-90 1606-0997

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Pantagruelism: a Rabelaisian inspiration for understanding poisoning, euthanasia and abortion in the Hippocratic oath and in contemporary clinical practice. Author(s): Dept Medicine C (Pnimmit Gimmel) Ichilov Hospital Sourasky, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel. [email protected] Source: Barilan, Y M Weintraub, M Theor-Med-Bioeth. 2001 June; 22(3): 269-86 13867415

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Public funding of family planning, sterilization and abortion services, 1987. Source: Gold, R.B. Guardado, S. Fam-Plann-Perspect. New York, N.Y. : Alan Guttmacher Institute. Sept/October 1988. volume 20 (5) page 228-233. 0014-7354

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Research on regimens for early medical abortion. Author(s): UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva. Source: von Hertzen, H J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 133-6, 150 00988421

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Selenium and vitamin E effect on antibody production of sheep vaccinated against enzootic abortion (Chlamydia psittaci). Author(s): Aristotle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, Thessaloniki, Greece. Source: Giadinis, N Koptopoulos, G Roubles, N Siarkou, V Papasteriades, A CompImmunol-Microbiol-Infect-Dis. 2000 March; 23(2): 129-37 0147-9571

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Soybean flower abortion: genetics and impact of selection on seed yield. Source: Sharma, K.P. Dybing, C.D. Lay, C. Crop-Sci. Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America. Sept/October 1990. volume 30 (5) page 1017-1022. 0011-183X

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The knowledge, acceptability, and use of misoprostol for self-induced medical abortion in an urban US population. Author(s): New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University in New York City, USA. Source: Rosing, M A Archbald, C D J-Am-Med-Womens-Assoc. 2000; 55(3 Suppl): 183-5 0098-8421

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The mifepristone-misoprostol regimen for early medical abortion. Author(s): [email protected] Source: Ellertson, C Waldman, S N Curr-Womens-Health-Repage 2001 December; 1(3): 184-90 1534-5874

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The role of changes in contraceptive use in the decline of induced abortion in Turkey. Author(s): USAID/Turkey, United States Embassy, Ankara, Turkey. [email protected]

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Source: Senlet, P Curtis, S L Mathis, J Raggers, H Stud-Fam-Plann. 2001 March; 32(1): 4152 0039-3665 •

Use of misoprostol in first and second trimester abortion: a review. Author(s): Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Leyenburg Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands. Source: Scheepers, H C van Erp, E J van den Bergh, A S Obstet-Gynecol-Survolume 1999 September; 54(9): 592-600 0029-7828

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Vaginal misoprostol 600 microg for early abortion. Author(s): Family Planning Center, Mediterrania Medica, Valencia, Spain. Source: Carbonell, J L Varela, L Velazco, A Tanda, R Barambio, S Chami, S Eur-JContracept-Reprod-Health-Care. 2000 March; 5(1): 46-51 1362-5187

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Vaginal misoprostol for abortion at 10-13 weeks' gestation. Author(s): Hospital Docente Gineco-Obstetrico Eusebio Hernandez (Maternidad Obrera), Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Source: Carbonell, J L Varela, L Velazco, A Tanda, R Sanchez, C Eur-J-ContraceptReprod-Health-Care. 1999 March; 4(1): 35-40 1362-5187

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

The following is a specific Web list relating to abortion; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation (some Web sites are subscription based): •

Food and Diet Coffee Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ABORTION Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to abortion. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to abortion and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to abortion: •

“Dr. Tumblety, the Indian herb doctor”: politics, professionalism, and abortion in mid-Nineteenth-Century Montreal. Author(s): McCulloch M. Source: Canadian. 1993; 10(1): 49-66. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11657457&dopt=Abstract

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A descriptive analysis of South African and Islamic abortion legislation and local Muslim community responses. Author(s): Moosa N. Source: Med Law. 2002; 21(2): 257-79. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12184606&dopt=Abstract

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A perinatal ethics committee on abortion: process and outcome in thirty-one cases. Author(s): La Puma J, Darling CM, Stocking CB, Schiller K.

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Source: J Clin Ethics. 1992 Fall; 3(3): 196-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1449554&dopt=Abstract •

A protocol to address the depressive effects of abortion for fetal abnormalities discovered prenatally via amniocentesis. Author(s): Rucquoi JK, Mahoney MJ. Source: Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1992; 28(1): 57-60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1340236&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized trial of aromatherapy to reduce anxiety before abortion. Author(s): Wiebe E. Source: Effective Clinical Practice : Ecp. 2000 July-August; 3(4): 166-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11183431&dopt=Abstract

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A right to life for the unborn? The current debate on abortion in Germany and Norbert Hoerster's legal-philosophical justification for the right to life. Author(s): Simon A. Source: The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 2000 April; 25(2): 220-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10833137&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion and fetal tissue research: some ethical concerns. Author(s): Shorr AF. Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 1994 May-June; 9(3): 196-203. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8060515&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion as a public health problem in Zambia. Author(s): Sims P. Source: Journal of Public Health Medicine. 1996 June; 18(2): 232-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8816322&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion complications in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). Author(s): Goyaux N, Yace-Soumah F, Welffens-Ekra C, Thonneau P. Source: Contraception. 1999 August; 60(2): 107-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10592858&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion foes get turn to ask Supreme Court for constitutional protection. Author(s): Denniston L. Source: Sun. 1994 April 28; : 10A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12287661&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion from a crosscultural perspective: an introduction. Author(s): Rylko-Bauer B.

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Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1996 February; 42(4): 479-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8643974&dopt=Abstract •

Abortion in Nepal: emerging insights. Author(s): Thapa S, Thapa PJ, Shrestha N. Source: Adv Popul. 1994; 2: 253-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12159238&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in nineteenth century America: a conflict between women and their physicians. Author(s): King CR. Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 1992 Spring; 2(1): 32-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1628000&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion in the first trimester. Author(s): Saunders ER. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 November 14; 305(6863): 1222. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1467728&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion issue is more complex than many realize. Author(s): Griffin KL. Source: The Nurse Practitioner. 1993 March; 18(3): 15-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8459937&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion law and practice in China: an overview with comparisons to the United States. Author(s): Rigdon SM. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1996 February; 42(4): 543-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8643980&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion traditions in rural Jamaica. Author(s): Sobo EJ. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1996 February; 42(4): 495-508. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8643976&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion, women and national development: the Nigeria experience. Author(s): Ebijuwa T. Source: Ahfad J. 1993 June; 10(1): 33-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12292664&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. Author(s): Ryder RE. Source: Lancet. 1992 June 20; 339(8808): 1544. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1351218&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion. A pro-life foreign policy. Author(s): Rosenberg D. Source: Newsweek. 2001 September 3; 138(10): 24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11550611&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: doomed only to an immoderate response? Author(s): Drane JF. Source: J Clin Ethics. 1992 Fall; 3(3): 238-40. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1392049&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: teaching why as well as how. Author(s): Stewart FH, Darney PD. Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2003 January-February; 35(1): 37-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12602757&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion: why bioethics can have no answer--a personal perspective. Author(s): Hunt G. Source: Nursing Ethics. 1999 January; 6(1): 47-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10067556&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--1995. Author(s): White HH. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1995 September 28; 333(13): 876; Author Reply 876-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7651487&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion--it is for some women only! Hmong women's perceptions of abortion. Author(s): Liamputtong P. Source: Health Care for Women International. 2003 March; 24(3): 230-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12746014&dopt=Abstract

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Abortions in Byzantine times (325-1453 AD). Author(s): Poulakou-Rebelakou E, Lascaratos J, Marketos SG. Source: Vesalius. 1996; 2(1): 19-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11618574&dopt=Abstract

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Abortion's legality does not make it moral. Author(s): Dehan CP. Source: Tex Med. 1992 November; 88(11): 8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1488727&dopt=Abstract

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Adolescent males' abortion attitudes: data from a national survey. Author(s): Marsiglio W, Shehan CL. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1993 July-August; 25(4): 162-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8405342&dopt=Abstract

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Algerian abortion controversy highlights rape of war victims. Author(s): Chelala C. Source: Lancet. 1998 May 9; 351(9113): 1413. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9593424&dopt=Abstract

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An overview of unsafe abortion in Africa. Foreword. Author(s): Sai F. Source: Afr J Fertil Sexual Reprod Heal. 1996 March; 1(1): 2-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12347169&dopt=Abstract

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Assessing the prevalence and determinants of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Nigeria. Author(s): Okonofua FE, Odimegwu C, Ajabor H, Daru PH, Johnson A. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 1999 March; 30(1): 67-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10216897&dopt=Abstract

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Attitudes of the physician membership of the society for adolescent medicine toward medical abortions for adolescents. Author(s): Miller NH, Miller DJ, Pinkston Koenigs LM. Source: Pediatrics. 1998 May; 101(5): E4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9565437&dopt=Abstract

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Attitudes toward elective abortion: preliminary evidence of validity for the Personal Beliefs Scale. Author(s): Embree RA. Source: Psychological Reports. 1998 June; 82(3 Pt 2): 1267-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9709528&dopt=Abstract

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Buying safety: the economics of reproductive risk and abortion in Egypt. Author(s): Lane SD, Jok JM, El-Mouelhy MT.

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Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1998 October; 47(8): 1089-99. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9723854&dopt=Abstract •

Clinical observation on 41 cases of threatened and habitual abortion treated by blood activation and stasis removal. Author(s): Jiang J, Li G, Zang M. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1997 December; 17(4): 259-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10437207&dopt=Abstract

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Defending abortion: should we treat the body as property? Author(s): Roy I. Source: Public Aff Q. 1999 October; 13(4): 309-29. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11858285&dopt=Abstract

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Developments in abortion laws. Comparative and international perspectives. Author(s): Cook RJ. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000 September; 913: 74-87. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11040830&dopt=Abstract

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Differential impact of abortion on adolescents and adults. Author(s): Franz W, Reardon D. Source: Adolescence. 1992 Spring; 27(105): 161-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1539493&dopt=Abstract

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Ecumenism and abortion: a case study of pluralism, privatization and the public conscience. Author(s): Kelly J. Source: Rev Relig Res. 1989; 30(3): 225-35. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11618067&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of Inula viscosa leaf extracts on abortion and implantation in rats. Author(s): Al-Dissi NM, Salhab AS, Al-Hajj HA. Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2001 September; 77(1): 117-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11483388&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of sairei-to and tokishakuyaku-san on cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon recognition of HLA-G protein in the treatment of recurrent abortion. Author(s): Fujii T, Hamai Y, Kozuma S, Miki A, Yamashita T, Hyodo H, Unno N, Taketani Y.

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Source: Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1999 May; 21(4): 261-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10399132&dopt=Abstract •

Evidence mounts for sex-selective abortion in Asia. Author(s): Westley SB. Source: Asia Pac Pop Policy. 1995 May-June; (34): 1-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12319402&dopt=Abstract

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Family physicians and first-trimester abortion: a survey of residency programs in southern California. Author(s): Lerner D, Taylor F. Source: Family Medicine. 1994 March; 26(3): 157-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8026660&dopt=Abstract

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Grief after abortion. Author(s): Dowdy D. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2001 February-March; 5(1): 9-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11941702&dopt=Abstract

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Grief after abortion. Author(s): Winstead K. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2001 February-March; 5(1): 9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11941701&dopt=Abstract

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Gynaecologists and abortion in Northern Ireland. Author(s): Francome C. Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 1994 July; 26(3): 389-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7929486&dopt=Abstract

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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and abortion. Author(s): Merzouki A, Ed-derfoufi F, Molero Mesa J. Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000 December; 73(3): 501-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11091005&dopt=Abstract

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Herbal factors in the treatment of autoimmunity-related habitual abortion. Author(s): Fujii T. Source: Vitam Horm. 2002; 65: 333-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12481553&dopt=Abstract

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Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. Author(s): Ciganda C, Laborde A. Source: Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 2003; 41(3): 235-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12807304&dopt=Abstract

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Hospital-based mortality and morbidity related to induced abortion. Author(s): Begum SF, Akhter HH, Kamal H, Kamal GM. Source: Birperht Publ. 1993 September; 5(2): 7-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12345784&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion among the Pati Rabha women of Boko area, Kamrup district, Assam. Author(s): Sarma R, Das PB. Source: J Assam Science Society. 1993 September; 35(3): 162-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12318459&dopt=Abstract

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Induced abortion in Indonesia. Author(s): Hull TH, Sarwono SW, Widyantoro N. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 1993 July-August; 24(4): 241-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8212094&dopt=Abstract

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Investigating induced abortion in developing countries: methods and problems. Author(s): Barreto T, Campbell OM, Davies JL, Fauveau V, Filippi VG, Graham WJ, Mamdani M, Rooney CI, Toubia NF. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 1992 May-June; 23(3): 159-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1523696&dopt=Abstract

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Is drinking water related to spontaneous abortion? Reviewing the evidence from the California Department of Health Services Studies. Author(s): Swan SH, Neutra RR, Wrensch M, Hertz-Picciotto I, Windham GC, Fenster L, Epstein DM, Deane M. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1992 March; 3(2): 83-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1533538&dopt=Abstract

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Low Vitamin B(12) level as a risk factor for very early recurrent abortion. Author(s): Reznikoff-Etievant MF, Zittoun J, Vaylet C, Pernet P, Milliez J. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2002 September 10; 104(2): 156-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12206930&dopt=Abstract

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Medical abortion: ethics, laws and religious points of view, A study by the 1994-1995 Ethics and Morals Committee of the ISPN. Author(s): Hirsch JF, Bhagwati SN, Epstein F, Hoppe-Hirsch E, Mutluer S, Raimondi AJ.

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Source: Child's Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 1996 September; 12(9): 507-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8906364&dopt=Abstract •

Miscarriage prevention tea affects plasma beta-endorphin concentrations in women with early threatened abortions. Author(s): Sun F, Yan DQ, Zhang CL, Yu J, Xiao EN. Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 1999; 27(2): 277-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10467461&dopt=Abstract

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Morphological criteria for normalization of menstrual function in women with spontaneous abortion. Author(s): Shaklein AV, Bogatova NP, Kuleshov VM, Marinkin IO. Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002 November; 134(5): 505-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802463&dopt=Abstract

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Ordeal of women for induced abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. Author(s): Bhuiya A, Aziz A, Chowdhury M. Source: J Health Popul Nutr. 2001 December; 19(4): 281-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11855350&dopt=Abstract

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Perinatal hospice: a response to partial birth abortion for infants with congenital defects. Author(s): Calhoun BC, Reitman JS, Hoeldtke NJ. Source: Issues in Law & Medicine. 1997 Fall; 13(2): 125-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9361478&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacists' beliefs about abortion and RU-486. Author(s): Giannetti V. Source: Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996). 1996 December; Ns36(12): 698-703. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9044802&dopt=Abstract

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Plants used as means of abortion, contraception, sterilization and fecundation by Paraguayan indigenous people. Author(s): Arenas P, Moreno Azorero R. Source: Econ Bot. 1977 July-September; 31(3): 302-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12335641&dopt=Abstract

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Plasma folate levels and risk of spontaneous abortion. Author(s): George L, Mills JL, Johansson AL, Nordmark A, Olander B, Granath F, Cnattingius S.

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Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002 October 16; 288(15): 1867-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12377085&dopt=Abstract •

Political theology: the role of organized religion in the anti-abortion movement. Author(s): Hofman BD. Source: A Journal of Church and State. 1986; 28(2): 225-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11617284&dopt=Abstract

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Postabortion dysphoria and religion. Author(s): Tamburrino MB, Franco KN, Campbell NB, Pentz JE, Evans CL, Jurs SG. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1990 July; 83(7): 736-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2371593&dopt=Abstract

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Post-abortion syndrome: dealing with guilt and grief. Author(s): Salladay S, Cavender K. Source: J Christ Nurs. 1992 Spring; 9(2): 18-21. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1564635&dopt=Abstract

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Powder microscopy of bark--poison used for abortion: moringa pterygosperma gaertn. Author(s): Bhattacharya J, Guha G, Bhattacharya B. Source: J Indian Forensic Sci. 1978; 17(1): 47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12262404&dopt=Abstract

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Professional obligations and abortion referral. Author(s): Helgason CM. Source: Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc. 2001 Winter; 64(1): 42-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11258024&dopt=Abstract

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Rat embryo development on human sera is related to numbers of previous spontaneous abortions and nutritional factors. Author(s): Ferrari DA, Gilles PA, Klein NW, Nadler D, Weeks BS, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Hillman RE, Carey SW, Ying YK, Maier D, et al. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 January; 170(1 Pt 1): 22836. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8296827&dopt=Abstract

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Religion and abortion: Roman Catholicism lost in the pelvic zone. Author(s): Kissling F.

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Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 1993 Fall; 3(3): 132-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8274867&dopt=Abstract •

Religion, family planning, and abortion. Author(s): Kelly J. Source: Lancet. 1993 September 25; 342(8874): 808-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8103898&dopt=Abstract

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Religion, family planning, and abortion. Author(s): Potts M. Source: Lancet. 1993 September 25; 342(8874): 808. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8103897&dopt=Abstract

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Religion, family planning, and abortion. Author(s): Omran AR. Source: Lancet. 1993 September 25; 342(8874): 808. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8103895&dopt=Abstract

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Religion, ideal family size, and abortion: extending Renzi's hypothesis. Author(s): D'Antonio WV, Stack S. Source: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 1980; 19(4): 397-408. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11614808&dopt=Abstract

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Religious influence and congressional voting on abortion. Author(s): Daynes BW, Tatalovich R. Source: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 1984; 16(2): 197-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11617467&dopt=Abstract

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Reproducing inequalities: abortion policy and practice in Thailand. Author(s): Whittaker A. Source: Women Health. 2002; 35(4): 101-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12216989&dopt=Abstract

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Retrospective study of 600 consecutive admissions with abortions at Kamuzu Central Hospital. Author(s): Gardeil F, Sangala V. Source: Malawi Med J. 1991 December; 7(3): 113-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12288782&dopt=Abstract

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Rolling away the stone: post-abortion women in the Christian community. Author(s): Jeal RR, West LA.

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Source: J Pastoral Care Counsel. 2003 Spring; 57(1): 53-64; Discussion 65-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12728765&dopt=Abstract •

Safe abortions in an illegal context: perceptions from service providers in Belgium. Author(s): Donnay F, Bregentzer A, Leemans P, Verougstraete A, Vekemans M. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 1993 May-June; 24(3): 150-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8351696&dopt=Abstract

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Seeking influence through characterizing self-categories: an analysis of antiabortionist rhetoric. Author(s): Reicher S, Hopkins N. Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology / the British Psychological Society. 1996 June; 35 ( Pt 2): 297-311. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8689099&dopt=Abstract

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Silencing of the tapetum-specific zinc finger gene TAZ1 causes premature degeneration of tapetum and pollen abortion in petunia. Author(s): Kapoor S, Kobayashi A, Takatsuji H. Source: The Plant Cell. 2002 October; 14(10): 2353-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12368491&dopt=Abstract

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Social judgment of abortion: a black-sheep effect in a Catholic sheepfold. Author(s): Begue L. Source: The Journal of Social Psychology. 2001 October; 141(5): 640-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11758041&dopt=Abstract

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Stress-triggered abortion: inhibition of protective suppression and promotion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release as a mechanism triggering resorptions in mice. Author(s): Arck PC, Merali FS, Manuel J, Chaouat G, Clark DA. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 1995 January; 33(1): 74-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7619237&dopt=Abstract

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Studies on relationship between serum nitric oxide and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate and prolonged bleeding after medical abortion as well as prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding with traditional Chinese medicine. Author(s): Liao D, Tan B, Xin H, He X. Source: Shengzhi Yu Biyun. 1999; 10(4): 220-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12349658&dopt=Abstract

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Suspected red maple (Acer rubrum) toxicosis with abortion in two Percheron mares. Author(s): Stair EL, Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Torbeck K.

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Source: Vet Hum Toxicol. 1993 June; 35(3): 229-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8351795&dopt=Abstract •

Tetanus after induced abortion--a case report. Author(s): bin Misiran K. Source: Med J Malaysia. 1990 December; 45(4): 349-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2152060&dopt=Abstract

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The abortion battle and world hunger. Author(s): Pogge TW. Source: J Soc Philos. 1991 Fall; 22(2): 14-27. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11656126&dopt=Abstract

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The abortion decision: fantasy processes. Author(s): Allanson S, Astbury J. Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1996 September; 17(3): 158-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8892162&dopt=Abstract

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The clinical and experimental studies of ChanLe Chongji for reducing bleeding after abortion. Author(s): Zhao R, Ding Y, Hu Y. Source: Shengzhi Yu Biyun. 1999; 10(2): 113-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12322338&dopt=Abstract

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The new abortionists. Author(s): Japenga A. Source: In Health. 1991 November; 5(6): 51-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11651145&dopt=Abstract

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The pineal gland and spontaneous abortions: implications for therapy with melatonin and magnetic field. Author(s): Sandyk R, Anastasiadis PG, Anninos PA, Tsagas N. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1992 February; 62(3-4): 243-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1305609&dopt=Abstract

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The politics of abortion: a historical perspective. Author(s): McKeegan M.

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Source: Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 1993 Fall; 3(3): 127-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8274866&dopt=Abstract •

The pregnancy that doesn't stay: the practice and perception of abortion by Ekiti Yoruba women. Author(s): Renne EP. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1996 February; 42(4): 483-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8643975&dopt=Abstract

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The relationship of abortion to well-being: do race and religion make a difference? Author(s): Russo NF, Dabul AJ. Source: Professional Psychology, Research and Practice. 1997 February; 28(1): 23-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11660461&dopt=Abstract

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The role of changes in contraceptive use in the decline of induced abortion in Turkey. Author(s): Senlet P, Curtis SL, Mathis J, Raggers H. Source: Stud Fam Plann. 2001 March; 32(1): 41-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11326456&dopt=Abstract

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The search for meaning: RU 486 and the law of abortion. Author(s): Banwell SS, Paxman JM. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1992 October; 82(10): 1399-406. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1415870&dopt=Abstract

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The struggle for abortion law reform in Thailand. Author(s): Whittaker A. Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2002 May; 10(19): 45-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12369331&dopt=Abstract

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Theoretical basis for herbal medicines, Tokishakuyaku-san and Sairei-to, in the treatment of autoimmunity-related recurrent abortion by correcting T helper-1/T helper-2 balance. Author(s): Fujii T, Kanai T, Kozuma S, Hamai Y, Hyodo H, Yamashita T, Miki A, Unno N, Taketani Y. Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2000 December; 44(6): 342-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11200812&dopt=Abstract

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Treating colporrhagia after medical abortion with modified shenghua tang. Author(s): Sun L, Pan J.

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Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1996 December; 16(4): 263-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9389099&dopt=Abstract •

Treatment for patients with recurrent abortion with positive antiphospholipid antibodies using a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Author(s): Takakuwa K, Yasuda M, Hataya I, Sekizuka N, Tamura M, Arakawa M, Higashino M, Hasegawa I, Tanaka K. Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 1996; 24(5): 489-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8950729&dopt=Abstract

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Trends in adolescent males' abortion attitudes, 1988-1995: differences by race and ethnicity. Author(s): Boggess S, Bradner C. Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 May-June; 32(3): 118-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10894257&dopt=Abstract

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Unsafe abortions: methods used and characteristics of patients attending hospitals in Nairobi, Lima, and Manila. Author(s): Ankomah A, Aloo-Obunga C, Chu M, Manlagnit A. Source: Health Care for Women International. 1997 January-February; 18(1): 43-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9119782&dopt=Abstract

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Views of women in Yoruba culture and their impact on the abortion decision. Author(s): Temisanren E. Source: Women Health. 1995; 22(3): 1-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7638975&dopt=Abstract

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When physicians perform abortions outside the Catholic hospital. Author(s): Leibold P, Gilham CS. Source: Health Progress (Saint Louis, Mo.). 1998 March-April; 79(2): 12-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10178081&dopt=Abstract

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Women's hidden transcripts about abortion in Brazil. Author(s): Nations MK, Misago C, Fonseca W, Correia LL, Campbell OM. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1997 June; 44(12): 1833-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9194245&dopt=Abstract

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Women's medicine, women's culture: abortion and fortune-telling in early twentiethcentury Germany and The Netherlands. Author(s): De Blecourt W, Usborne C.

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Source: Medical History. 1999 July; 43(3): 376-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10885130&dopt=Abstract •

Women's responses to abortion: implications for post-abortion support groups. Author(s): Lodl KM, Mcgettigan A, Bucy J. Source: J Soc Work Hum Sex. 1985 Spring; 3(2-3): 119-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12179640&dopt=Abstract

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com®: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to abortion; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation (some Web sites are subscription based): •

General Overview Amenorrhea Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Anorexia Nervosa Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

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Birth Defects Prevention Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Diabetes Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Eating Disorders, Anorexia Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Female Infertility Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com High Homocysteine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Migraine Headaches Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Miscarriage Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Pregnancy and Postpartum Support Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Spontaneous Abortion Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Wilson's Disease Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com •

Chinese Medicine Baizhu Alternative names: Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome; Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Duzhong Alternative names: Eucommia Bark; Cortex Eucommiae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Huangqi Alternative names: Milkvetch; Radix Astragali Source: Chinese Materia Medica Huangqin Alternative names: Baical Skullcap Root; Radix Scutellariae Source: Chinese Materia Medica

186 Abortion

Hujisheng Alternative names: Colored Mistletoe Herb; Herba Visci Source: Chinese Materia Medica Muxiang Alternative names: Slender Dutchmanspipe Root; Qingmuxiang; Radix Aristolochiae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Sangjisheng Alternative names: Chinese Taxillus Herb; Herba Taxilli Source: Chinese Materia Medica Sharen Alternative names: Villous Amomum Fruit; Fructus Amomi Source: Chinese Materia Medica Shenrong Baotai Wan Alternative names: Shenrong Baotai Pills; Shenrong Baotai Wan(Shen Rong Bao Tai Wan) Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Tumuxiang Alternative names: Inula Root; Radix Inulae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Tusizi Alternative names: Dodder Seed; Semen Cuseutae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Zhuru Alternative names: Bamboo Shavings; Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam Source: Chinese Materia Medica Zisugeng Alternative names: Perilla Stem; Caulis Perillae Source: Chinese Materia Medica •

Herbs and Supplements Astragalus sp Alternative names: Vetch, Rattlepod, Locoweed; Astragalus sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/

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Brahmi Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Centella Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Centella asiatica Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Feverfew Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Gotu Kola Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com GRAVEL ROOT Source: The Canadian Internet Directory for Holistic Help, WellNet, Health and Wellness Network; www.wellnet.ca Hydrocotyle Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Indian Pennywort Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Luffa Alternative names: Luffa sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Marsh Pennywort Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Mifepristone Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Momordica Alternative names: Bitter Gourd, Karela; Momordica charantia Linn. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/

188 Abortion

Pennyroyal Alternative names: Hedeoma pulegoides, Mentha pulegium Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Piper nigrum Alternative names: Black Pepper Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Rosemary Alternative names: Rosmarinus officinalis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Ruta Alternative names: Rue; Ruta graveolens L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Tanacetum v Alternative names: Tansy; Tanacetum vulgare (L.) Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ABORTION Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to abortion. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “abortion” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on abortion, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Abortion ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to abortion. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

The Psycho-social Aspects of Stress Following Abortion by Speckhard, Anne Catherine, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1985, 217 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8519300

•

The Relationship of Age, Ethnicity, and Feminism to Attitudes about Maternity, Contraception, and Abortion in Undergraduate Women in an Urban Community College by Van Felix, Norma, Edd from New York University, 1989, 110 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9004333

•

The Relationship of Selected Demographic Variables to the Stability of Abortion Attitudes in College Students. by Wilcox, Sondra Elaine, Edd from Boston University School of Education, 1976, 178 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7621266

190 Abortion

•

The Response of Hospitals to the Legalization of Abortion Services in New York: the Analysis of Program Innovation. by Miller, Joanne, Phd from The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1975, 229 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7518608

•

The Rhetoric of Operation Rescue: Representation and Evangelical Christian Social Protest in the Abortion Controversy by Steiner, Mark Allan; Phd from Indiana University, 1999, 456 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9950832

•

The Road to Pro-choice Ideology in Japan: a Social History of the Contest between the State and Individuals over Abortion by Amemiya, Kozy Kazuko, Phd from University of California, San Diego, 1993, 460 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9330416

•

The 'roe V. Wade' and 'doe V. Bolton' Decisions on Abortion: an Analysis, Critique, and Examination of Related Issues by Smith, Alphonsus Philip, Phd from Drew University, 1981, 511 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8203374

•

The Role of Medicaid in Pregnancy Outcomes (abortion) by Nagatoshi, Charles Takeo, Phd from The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1987, 189 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8800372

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The Role of Perceived Choice and Life Satisfaction in the Attitude of Blacks toward Abortion by Nance, Leonard Lee, Phd from University of Virginia, 1994, 241 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9506872

•

The Role of Social Networking in Obtaining an Abortion in the United States by Norment, Alma Carolyn Jones, Dsw from Columbia University, 1988, 217 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8827620

•

The 'scarlet Experiment': Emily Dickinson's Abortion Experience by Murray, Barbara M., Phd from The University of Tennessee, 1988, 398 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8911740

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The Structure of Public Attitudes toward Abortion by Sitaraman, Bhavani, Phd from University of Massachusetts, 1990, 309 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9100545

•

The Supreme Court and Abortion: the Socio-political Impact of Judicial Activism. by Putka, John Stephen, Phd from University of Cincinnati, 1979, 352 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7922616

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The Supreme Court and Congress on Abortion: an Analysis of Comparative Institutional Capacity by Reedy, Cheryl Dalluge, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1982, 240 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8308113

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The Supreme Court's Abortion Decisions: a Critical Study of the Shaping of a Major American Public Policy and a Basis for Change by Krason, Stephen M., Phd from State University of New York at Buffalo, 1983, 837 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8312424

•

The Tragedy of Abortion from the Perspective of the Roman Catholic Tradition of Justice-as-solidarity in the United States by Sheahan, Marianne, Phd from Saint Louis University, 1994, 313 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9503003

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•

The Two Worlds of Public Opinion: Media Opinion and Polled Opinion on the Abortion Issue by Snyder, Robin V., Phd from Rutgers the State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 1985, 228 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8520410

•

The Use of the Bible in the Discussion of Abortion in Early Jewish and Christian Writings by Torp-pedersen, Drake H., Phd from Dallas Theological Seminary, 1993, 243 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9403187

•

Three Abortion Theorists: a Critical Appreciation (ontology, Personhood, Beginning of Life, Moral Rights, Fetal Development) by Anderson, James W., Phd from Georgetown University, 1985, 234 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8613925

•

Three Essays in Applied Time Series Analysis (real Wage Cyclicality, Abortion) by Mocan, Naci Huseyin, Phd from City University of New York, 1989, 118 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9009764

•

Times of Tumult: Abortion and the Transformation of American Political Parties by Adams, Greg D., Phd from The University of Iowa, 1996, 195 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9639949

•

Toward Liberation from Abortion: a Catholic Reflection on Abortion in the United States by Senander, Angela; Phd from Boston College, 2000, 165 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3008595

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Trends in Attitudes toward Abortion and Sex Education, 1972-1994: Clues to the Secularization of American Women by Linke, June Williams, Phd from Mississippi State University, 1998, 336 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9829793

•

Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion in the United States: Evidence from the National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle Iv, 1988 by Vaidya, Kanhaiya Lal, Phd from Bowling Green State University, 1995, 102 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9605024

•

Unitarian-universalist Views on Issues in Human Sexuality (abortion, Homosexuality, Women's Issues) by Landen, Paul H., Phd from Michigan State University, 1992, 244 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9233905

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Use of Induced Abortion and Contraception in Taiwan: a Multivariate Analysis. by Koo, Helen Ping-ching, Drph from The University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1973, 301 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7411216

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Voices Behind the Silence: Chinese Moral Views and Experiences of Abortion by Nie, Jing-bao, Phd from The University of Texas Graduate Sch. of Biomedical Sci. at Galveston, 1999, 410 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9924633

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A Case Study of the Reproductive Experience of Women Who Have Had Three or More Induced Abortions by Lincoln, Elizabeth, Phd from University of Pittsburgh, 1982, 183 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8318205

192 Abortion

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A Collective Behavior Analysis of Public Opinion Polarization: the Case of the Abortion Issue by Mullin, Karen R., Phd from University of Cincinnati, 1994, 256 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9511323

•

A Comparison of Moral and Ego Development in Women: a Quantitative and Qualitative Study of the Reconstruction of the Abortion Decision by Connor, Laura M., Edd from Boston University School of Education, 1982, 129 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8220915

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A Comparison of Two Methods of Obtaining Abortion Data from Fertility Surveys by Sante, Barbara Ann, Phd from Columbia University, 1982, 122 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8307626

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A Content Analysis of Newspaper Portrayal of Abortion Topics, January 1, 1986, to December 31, 1986 by Howard, Perla Buhay, Edd from Oklahoma State University, 1988, 138 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8900411

•

A Content Analytical Study of the 1989 Florida Special Legislative Session on Abortion by Graham, Carol Anne, Phd from The Florida State University, 1996, 137 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9714523

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A Descriptive Study of the Attitudes of Males Involved in Abortion by Cornelio, David Anthony, Edd from Columbia University Teachers College, 1983, 194 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8322190

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A Dynamic Analysis of Birthweight, Abortion, and Prenatal Care in Tennessee by Reichman, Nancy E., Phd from City University of New York, 1993, 58 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9405579

•

'a Great Thing for Poor Folks': Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare in the Twentieth Century by Schoen, Johanna, Phd from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1996, 267 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9631980

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A Naturalistic Inquiry into the Abortion Experience in the Lives of Nine Women by Marguerite, Dominique, Phd from University of Oregon, 1994, 161 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9509802

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A New Approach to Estimating the Efficacy of Medical Abortion (china, Cuba, France, India, United States, Vietnam) by Hedley, Allison Ann; Phd from Princeton University, 2003, 88 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3078627

•

A Path Analytic Model of Attitudes toward Discretionary and Medical/rape Abortions by Holmes, Dorothy Gallon, Phd from North Carolina State University, 1988, 125 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8815507

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A Semiotic Analysis of Television News Coverage of the Anti-abortion Movement, 1973-1989 (antiabortion Movement, Abortion) by Chung, Jae Chorl, Phd from The Ohio State University, 1992, 208 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9218963

Dissertations 193

•

A Study of Abortion Attitudes As Components of an Attitudinal System, Nonstructurally Supplied Attitudes, and Latent Variables by Xu, Yili, Phd from University of Notre Dame, 1999, 245 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9935372

•

A Survey of Scaling Methods for the Measurement of Attitudes a Comparison of American and West-german Attitudes toward Abortion by Ten Vergert, Elisabeth Maria; Phd from University of Alberta (canada), 1988 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL42965

•

A Survey of Scaling Methods for the Measurement of Attitudes: a Comparison of American and West-german Attitudes toward Abortion by Ten Vergert, Elisabeth Maria, Phd from University of Alberta (canada), 1988 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f119781

•

Abortion a Question of Respect for Persons by Paiva, Cidalia; Phd from York University (canada), 1988 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL45900

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Abortion Abolition Activity: an Exploration of the Moral Crusade, Social Movement, and Religious Revival Perspectives on Group Formation and Dynamics by Jacoby, Kerry Noel Stephenson, Phd from Purdue University, 1996, 394 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9725560

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Abortion and a Serious Right to Life by Smith, Gerald Joseph, Phd from University of California, Los Angeles, 1985, 140 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8603993

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Abortion and Adoption: Fetal Value Beyond the Personhood Debate by Gregory, Mary Settineri, Phd from Vanderbilt University, 1982, 191 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8228213

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Abortion and College Women: a Psychosocial Study by Givler, Thomas L., Dsw from City University of New York, 1987, 241 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8713759

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Abortion and Family Building: Fertility Limitation in Hungary and Japan. by Ford, Kathleen, Phd from Brown University, 1976, 171 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7714114

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Abortion and Fertility in Economic Perspective: a Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to New York City, 1969-1972 by Kramer, Marcia Jane, Phd from Harvard University, 1982, 369 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8303440

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Abortion and the Body Politic: an Anthropological Analysis of Legislative Activity in Massachusetts by Scharf, Kathleen Rudd, Phd from Boston University, 1981, 370 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8411054

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Abortion and the Causal Theory of Names by Nelson, James Andrew, Phd from State University of New York at Buffalo, 1980, 135 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8104222

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Abortion and the Roman Catholic Church. by Nicholson, Susan Tefft, Phd from University of Pittsburgh, 1975, 206 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7521762

194 Abortion

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Abortion before Birth Control: the Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Japan by Norgren, Christiana A. E., Phd from Columbia University, 1998, 320 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9838995

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Abortion Diffusion: Macro Scale Facility Location and Micro Scale Interpersonal Communication. by Frazier, Norah F. H., Phd from Kent State University, 1976, 240 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7703825

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Abortion in American Fiction: an Ethical Analysis of Select Works in Twentiethcentury American Literature (theodore Dreiser, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, William Faulkner, Richard Brautigan, John Irving) by Koloze, Jeff James; Phd from Kent State University, 2001, 668 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3040694

•

Abortion in England, 1919-1939: Legal Theory and Social Practice by Brookes, Barbara Lesley, Phd from Bryn Mawr College, 1982, 252 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8404479

•

Abortion in Judaism: the History of a Struggle to 'choose Life' by Schiff, Daniel Leonard; Dhl from Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion (ohio), 2000, 383 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9962658

•

Abortion in State Level Electoral Politics: a Content Analysis of Press Coverage during Four Gubernatorial Campaigns (new Jersey, Virginia, California, Texas) by Yale, Marilyn Ann, Phd from University of Houston, 1992, 181 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9311175

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Abortion Narratives: Mapping the Terrain of a Collective Story by Marianna, Cara Jean; Phd from The University of New Mexico, 2000, 403 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9981192

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Abortion Pain Psychosocial and Medical Predictors by Belanger, Eliane; Phd from Mcgill University (canada), 1987 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL38328

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Abortion Policy Implementation: Understanding the Availability of Abortion Services in the United States by Frankel, Susan L., Phd from University of New Hampshire, 1988, 239 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8907439

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Abortion Policy in New York and Pennsylvania, 1965-1972 (machine Politics, Pennsylvania Catholic Conference, Reform Democrats, Feminism) by Nossiff, Rosemary Alise, Phd from Cornell University, 1994, 177 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9427884

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Abortion Policy in the Fifty States: a Comparative Analysis by Parsons, Sharon Kay, Phd from Florida Atlantic University, 1991, 188 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9210164

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Abortion Politics and Family Life: an Interpretation by Lynch, Patricia Therese Coen, Phd from University of Massachusetts, 1981, 129 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8118019

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Abortion Politics and the Negotiation of Public Meanings by Hartouni, Valerie Anne, Phd from University of California, Santa Cruz, 1987, 241 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8728163

Dissertations 195

•

Abortion Rates in the American States: the Impacts of Opinion and Policy on Abortion Utilization (public Policy) by Wetstein, Matthew Edward, Phd from Northern Illinois University, 1993, 244 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9400674

•

Abortion Regime under the Nigerian Criminal Jurisprudence: a Manmade Disaster to Human Health and Human Rights* by Opara, Victor Nnamdi; Llm from University of Toronto (canada), 2002, 94 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/MQ74028

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Abortion Services in England: Factors Associated with Social Worker Attitudes and Recommendations by Splaver, Gail Irene, Dsw from University of California, Berkeley, 1984, 168 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8512738

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Abortion Titles in Indiana Public Libraries: an Examination of Factors Influencing Collection Diversity by Quinn, Johnny Franklin, Jr., Phd from Indiana University, 1996, 256 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9627045

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Abortion, Moral Philosophy and Education. by Cottam, William Shephard, Phd from The University of Utah, 1973, 119 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7332042

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Abortion, Religion, and Politics: a Comparative Study of the Abortion Debate in Kenya, Mexico and Poland by Kulczycki, Andrzej Jerzy, Phd from The University of Michigan, 1995, 265 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9527669

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Abortion: Ambivalence and Ambiguity. by Moore, Emily Campbell, Phd from Columbia University, 1973, 502 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7412742

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Abortion: Perception and Contemporary Genocide Myth: a Comparative Study among Low-income Pregnant Black and Puerto Rican Women by Hughes, Blanche R., Phd from New York University, 1973, 178 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7330075

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Abortion: a Question of Respect for Persons by Paiva, Cidalia, Phd from York University (canada), 1988 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f4108916

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Abortion: a Social Work Study by Sekudu, Johannah; Dphil from University of Pretoria (south Africa), 2002 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f838161

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Abortion: a Study of the Perceptions of Sixty Abortion Applicants and Twenty Service Givers in Denver, Colorado. by Fisher, Nettie Burton, Dsw from University of Denver, 1976, 429 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7624414

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Adolescent Abortion with Implications for Counseling (ethics) by Eze, Alexander Onyeama, Edd from Texas Southern University, 1994, 171 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9544974

196 Abortion

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Adolescent and Young Adult Females Making an Abortion Decision: a Profile of Ego and Moral Development by Foster, Victoria Ann, Edd from North Carolina State University, 1989, 177 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9006626

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After Absolutism: a Study of Relativism and Its Competitors (skepticism, Reductionism, Protagoras, Abortion, Rorty) by Bachman, James Vernon, Phd from The Florida State University, 1986, 260 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8708157

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Aggregate Mortality, Socio-demographic Factors and Attitudes toward Abortion and Euthanasia by Steele, Stephen Floyd, Phd from The Catholic University of America, 1981, 169 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8111641

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An Analysis of Ethico-embryonic Theories of Abortion from Developmental Distributivist and Condominial Perspectives: 'an Ethical Inquiry into Selected Abortion Theories and Their Practical Implications in Policy-making Recommendations for the Republic of by Wa Kabongo, Ngolela Dibinga, Phd from Harvard University, 1982, 254 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8303477

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An Analysis of the Uses of Key 'life Words' in the Present Abortion Debate in the Usa. (volumes I-ii) by Dixon, Stephen Sanford, Phd from Temple University, 1974, 476 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7428220

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An Economic Analysis of the Effects of Parental Gender Preference and the Birth Quota Policy on Birth Interval and Induced Abortion in China by Yu, Mingde, Phd from The University of Chicago, 1994, 232 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9501559

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An Evaluation of Long Range Aspects of Abortion Services in Chicago, Illinois: an Interdisciplinary Approach. by Kay, Bonnie Jean, Phd from Northwestern University, 1975, 244 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7529673

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Ancient Greek Ethical Perspectives on Abortion and Euthanasia by Carrick, Paul John, Phd from Temple University, 1982, 353 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8210461

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Around the Table in Christ: the Church As a Community of Moral Discernment on Abortion by Davis, Louisa Leila, Phd from University of Virginia, 1998, 329 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9824303

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Attitude Extremism in the Abortion Controversy: a Test of Social Judgment, Cognitive Dissonance, and Attribution Theories by Goettsch, Stephen Louis, Phd from Iowa State University, 1983, 217 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8316321

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Attitudes of Abortion Counselors and Their Work Role by Jones, Annie Mitchell, Phd from The University of Michigan, 1982, 152 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8224978

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Attitudes of Catholic College Students toward Abortion by Cunningham, Mary, Edd from Columbia University, 1973, 128 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7322707

Dissertations 197

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Attitudes toward Abortion among Women Undergoing Legally Induced Abortions by Mccormick, Evelyn Patricia, Phd from The Catholic University of America, 1973, 249 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7313065

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Attitudes toward Abortion, Attitude Strength, and Political Behavior by Daniels, Robert Alton, Phd from The University of Akron, 1991, 217 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9112803

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Attitudes toward Abortion: a Study of the Social and Ideological Bases of Public Opinion (status Politics, Lifestyle, Feminism, Pro-life) by Plutzer, Eric, Phd from Washington University, 1986, 256 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8708378

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Attitudes toward Pregnancy Regulation in a General Population Sample (abortion) by Plummer, Judy Vaughan, Phd from The University of Tennessee, 1989, 138 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9021045

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Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Abortion by Smith, Mary Columbus, Edd from Texas Southern University, 1985, 98 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8529601

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Basic Beliefs about Human Life Relating to Ethical Judgments Family Planning Field Workers Make about Induced Abortion: Taiwan, 1973. by Cernada, George Peter, Drph from University of California, Berkeley, 1975, 132 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7615076

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Beyond Man-centered Morality: Focus on Human Abortion and Use of Animals in Medical Research by Rankin, Linda Anne, Phd from The University of Tennessee, 1993, 341 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9421668

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Burke's Representative Anecdote and ?toulmin's Argument Fields: Analysis of Arguments in Anti-abortion/pro-choice Films by Withycombe, Robert Martin, Phd from University of Oregon, 1989, 220 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9010163

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Canonical Variates of Postabortion Syndrome (abortion) by Vaughan, Helen P., Phd from The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1990, 108 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9110078

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Categorization of Abortion Scenarios As a Function of Pro-life and Pro-choice Attitudes and Sex by Pickrell, Sharon Joy; Phd from Colorado State University, 2002, 114 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3064015

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Catholics against the Church : Anti-abortion Protest in Toronto, 1969-1985 by Cuneo, Michael W; Phd from University of Toronto (canada), 1989 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL43401

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Catholics against the Church: Anti-abortion Protest in Toronto, 1969-1985 by Cuneo, Michael William, Phd from University of Toronto (canada), 1988 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f4108356

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Challenging Choice: Abortion Clinic Blockades and the Dynamics of Collective Action by Van Dyk, Robert Andrew, Phd from University of Washington, 1995, 345 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9609799

198 Abortion

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Challenging Judicial Supremacy: Departmental Constitutional Interpretation in the Abortion and War Powers Debates by Burgess, Susan Renee, Phd from University of Notre Dame, 1989, 351 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9012699

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Citizens United for Life: Status Politics, Symbolic Reform and the Anti Abortion Movement by Markson, Stephen Lawrence, Phd from University of Massachusetts, 1979, 110 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8004955

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Communicative Action and Consensus: the Case of the Abortion Question by Gudmundsen, Sandra Margrethe, Phd from University of Colorado at Boulder, 1989, 446 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9009158

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Compliance and the State Legislature: an Empirical Analysis of Abortion and Aid to Non-public Schools in Illinois and Minnesota by Neal, Charles Edward, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1980, 656 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8109482

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Conflicting Values and Compromise Beliefs about Abortion by Scott, Jacqueline L., Phd from The University of Michigan, 1987, 159 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8801414

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Constructing Choice in the Brazilian Context of Illegal Abortion by Kerber, Lisa Lynn; Phd from The University of Texas at Austin, 2000, 284 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3008365

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Contraceptive Use and Abortion among Immigrant and Ethnic Groups in Israel, 1974 and 1987-1988 by Wilder, Esther Isabelle, Phd from Brown University, 1997, 245 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9738644

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Convergence of Support for Issues by the Antiabortion Movement and the Religious New Right: an Examination of Social Movement Newsletters by Perry, Frances Johnson, Phd from Bowling Green State University, 1985, 242 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8609301

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Correcting Survey-based Contraceptive Failure Rates for Abortion Under-reporting (fertility, Hazard Models, Family Growth) by Hammerslough, Charles Rohr, Ii, Phd from Princeton University, 1987, 208 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8704585

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De La Clandestinite a L'impasse: Etude De La Problematisation Sociale De L'avortement Au Canada De 1950 a 1991 (french Text, Abortion) by Godard, Beatrice, Phd from Universite De Montreal (canada), 1992, 272 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NN88922

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Defense Style, Social Support Appraisal, Response to a Counseling Session, and Stress Perception in Women Undergoing Abortion by Frankel-fein, Rhonda, Phd from New York University, 1991, 126 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9134736

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Democracy Revisited: Abortion and Agon in Modern Greece by Halkias, Alexandra, Phd from University of California, San Diego, 1997, 402 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9820879

Dissertations 199

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Demographic, Personal, Locus-of-control, Abortion Decision Locus-of-control, and Emotional Correlates in a Selected Sample of Women Electing to Have a Therapeutic Abortion by Brown, Pearle King, Edd from Auburn University, 1986, 139 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8624448

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Determination of Essential Content As the Basis for Development of a Curriculum Model on Care of the Induced Abortion Patient for Baccalaureate Nursing Faculty by Olson, Marteen Leslie, Edd from University of Houston, 1982, 210 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8307024

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Developmental Tasks and Legal Abortion: a Study of College Women. by Burns, Elizabeth L., Edd from State University of New York at Albany, 1975, 210 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7525767

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Diocesan Mobilization against Abortion Law Reform. by Traina, Frank J., Phd from Cornell University, 1975, 254 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7527873

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Disclosing Selves/exposing Culture: the Gender Work of Single Women's 'crisis' Pregnancies; Abortion, Birthmothers and Single Mothers by Ellison, Marcia A. Phd from University of California, Los Angeles, 2000, 274 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9986829

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Dynamics of Policy Politics: the Cases of Abortion Funding and Family Planning in the State of Oregon by Keiser, Gayle Lynette, Phd from University of Oregon, 1981, 175 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8209670

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Economics of Abortion Demand by Pregnant Married Women: the Ultimate Fertility Choice by Mardfin, Douglas Ward, Phd from University of Hawaii, 1979, 122 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8003285

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Emotion Work in Women's Abortion Experiences by Keys, Jennifer Lynn; Phd from State University of New York at Albany, 2002, 421 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3068761

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Emotions, Attitudes, Normative Beliefs, and Behavior Regarding Contraceptive Use and Abortion Status by Muchow, Jennifer Anne, Phd from The University of Toledo, 1987, 89 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8727002

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Essays in Health Economics. Essay I: Effects of Welfare Reform on Prenatal Care Utilization and Birth Outcomes. Essay Ii: Abortion Availability and Unintended Births by Lee, Won Chan; Phd from City University of New York, 2001, 152 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3024812

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Expanding the Public Sphere Through Computer-mediated Communication: Political Discussion about Abortion in a Usenet Newsgroup by Schneider, Steven Michael, Phd from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f2002114

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Explaining Opinion Inconsistency on a Single Policy Issue: an Examination of Public Opinion on Abortion As 'quality' Opinion by Burnbauer, Lauren Diane, Phd from Rutgers the State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 1993, 419 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9320514

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Exploring Causal Factors in Differences in Attitudes toward Abortion by Blanco, Cheng; Ma from Duquesne University, 2002, 74 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1408910

200 Abortion

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Factors Relating to the Abortion Decision among Premaritally Pregnant Females. by Sachdev, Satya Paul, Phd from The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1975, 495 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7518194

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Feminism, Direct Democracy, and Power: the Effectiveness of Abortion Rights Ballot Measure Campaigns in Oregon, 1978-1990 by Jackman, Jennifer Lynn, Phd from Brandeis U., the F. Heller Grad. Sch. for Adv. Stud. in Soc. Wel., 1994, 367 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9432316

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Fetal Tissue Transplantation: Ethical Issues, Women's Health, and Public Policy (abortion) by Mullen, Michelle Ann, Phd from University of Toronto (canada), 1995, 255 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NN02817

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Figuring the Fetus: a Rhetorical Analysis of American Anti-abortion Discourse in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries by Guinn, Melani Gail, Phd from University of California, Berkeley, 1996, 163 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9723005

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Framing the Abortion Debate: Public Opinion and the Manipulation of Ambivalence by Freedman, Paul B. Phd from University of Michigan, 1999, 283 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9959759

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From Abortion Rights to Reproductive Freedom: Feminism, Nationalism, and the Politics of Identity by Nelson, Jennifer Anne, Phd from Rutgers the State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 1999, 302 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9918340

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Fundamental Opposition: Feminism, Narrative, and the Abortion Debate (margaret Atwood, Charles Colson, Ellen Vaughn, Walter Kirn, Dorothy Allison, Arthur Miller, 'terminator 2', 'jurassic Park', 'species', '2001: a Space Odyssey', 'et') by Mason, Carol Ann, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1996, 230 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9627825

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Healing the Hurt of Abortion and Post-abortion Syndrome by Richard, Hudson R., Dmin from Hartford Seminary, 1997, 87 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9803446

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Holding the Line: a View of Evolving Abortion Policy (women's Rights) by Cooke, Carolyn L., Phd from Indiana University, 1992, 148 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9231540

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How Men Who Accompany Women to an Abortion Service Perceive the Impact of Abortion upon Their Relationship and Themselves. by Smith, Mark Randall, Phd from The University of Iowa, 1979, 249 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7928615

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How Women Feel about Abortion: Psychological, Attitudinal and Physical Effects of Legal Abortion. by Shalaby, Lynn M., Phd from The University of Iowa, 1975, 180 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7523083

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Ideology and Abortion Policy Politics. by Falik, Marilyn Mina, Phd from New York University, 1975, 237 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7610170

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In Defense of Fatherhood (abortion, Marriage, Love) by Belleville, Richard Paul, Phd from Boston College, 1992, 192 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9217434

Dissertations 201

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Incidence of Repeat Abortion, Second Trimester Abortion, Contraceptive Use, and Illness Within a Teenage Population by Bobrowsky, Rena Polivy, Phd from University of Southern California, 1986 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f1318325

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Induced Abortion : a Psychological Perspective by Skinner-gardner, Jo-anne; Phd from York University (canada), 1975 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK25751

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Induced Abortion and Contraceptive Method Choice among Urban Japanese Marrieds. by Coleman, Samuel Jerome, Phd from Columbia University, 1978, 303 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7819317

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Induced Abortion in the Developing World: Evaluating an Indirect Estimation Technique by Johnston, Heidi Bart, Phd from The Johns Hopkins University, 1999, 224 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9927091

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Infanticide, Illegitimacy, and Abortion in Modern German Literature by Shouseluxem, Leslie, Phd from Rice University, 1999, 206 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9928600

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Interests in Contexts and Institutional Democracy: the Politics of Abortion Policy in Liberal Welfare States, 1950--2000 by Halfmann, Drew T. Phd from New York University, 2001, 490 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3024676

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Islamic Ethics and the Implications of Modern Biomedical Technology: an Analysis of Some Issues Pertaining to Reproductive Control, Biotechnical Parenting and Abortion by Ebrahim, Abul Fadl Mohsin, Phd from Temple University, 1986, 216 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8627445

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Issues, Political Participation and Voting Behavior: Did the Abortion Issue Make a Difference in the Late 1980's? by Greenwald, Leslie Maibach, Phd from University of Virginia, 1994, 270 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9425687

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Italy's Opinion Revolution: Building a Female Majority for Divorce and Abortion by Kohl, Kay Jordan, Phd from Columbia University, 1981, 340 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8406513

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Legal and Illegal Abortion: Coping with the Impact of Social Policies on Women's Lives by Gold-steinberg, Sharon Elaine, Phd from The University of Michigan, 1991, 366 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9124012

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Legislating Morality: Problems of Religious Identity, Gender, and Pluralism in Abortion Lawmaking by Peach, Lucinda Joy, Phd from Indiana University, 1995, 472 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9544422

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Legislation, Public Opinion, and the Press: an Interrelationship Reflected in the 'new York Times' Reporting of the Abortion Issue by Buutap, Nguyenphuc, Phd from The University of Chicago, 1979 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/T-27516

202 Abortion

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Legislative Agenda-setting in the States: the Case of Abortion Policy. (volumes I and Ii) (virginia, Pennsylvania, Minnesota) by Halva-neubauer, Glen Arlen, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1992, 603 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9239121

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Life and Liberty: an Essay on Abortion by Hudson, James Kyle, Phd from Princeton University, 1997, 163 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9725362

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Mandatory Parental Involvement in Minors' Abortions: Effects of the Laws in Minnesota, Missouri and Indiana by Ellertson, Charlotte Ehrengard, Phd from Princeton University, 1993, 371 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9407108

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Manufacturing Dissent: the News on Abortion-related Protest in 1991 by Husting, Virginia Ann, Phd from University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign, 1998, 174 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9904484

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Mapping the Moralities of Abortion (religious Ethics, Feminism) by Rudy, Mary Kathy, Phd from Duke University, 1993, 268 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9332217

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Massachusetts' Parental Consent Law: Origins, Implementation and Impact (abortion Politics, Public Health, Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy) by Cartoof, Virginia G., Phd from Brandeis U., the F. Heller Grad. Sch. for Adv. Stud. in Soc. Wel., 1985, 228 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8509071

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Measure and Meaning of Induced Abortion in Rural Burkina Faso by Rossier, Clementine Helene; Phd from University of California, Berkeley, 2002, 288 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3063535

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Moral Cultures and the Movement against Abortion (anti-abortion) by Wedam, Elfriede, Phd from University of Illinois at Chicago, 1993, 329 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9324310

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Moral Determinates of Rational Behavior: with an Application to State Abortion Restrictions by Gotwalt, Eugene W. Phd from George Mason University, 2002, 135 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3045275

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Moral Issues Concerning Abortion Based on Prenatal Diagnosis by Boss, Judith Andrews, Phd from Boston University, 1990, 367 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9016758

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Moral Politics: Abortion and Capital Punishment in Sweden and the United States, 1800-1980 by Linders, Annulla, Phd from State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1998, 986 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9921347

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Motherhood after Abortion: Women's Interpretations of the Link between Prior Elective Abortion and the Subsequent Transition to Motherhood Experience by Bethel, Debra Condren, Phd from California School of Professional Psychology Berkeley/alameda, 1994, 215 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9417523

Dissertations 203

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Nation, State, and the Politics of Women's Rights: Abortion Law Reform in Post-wall Germany, 1989-1993 by Wuerth, Andrea Christine, Phd from The Johns Hopkins University, 1995, 336 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9617625

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Nature and Causes of the Fertility Decline in Eastern Europe: Structural Change and Abortion Reform from 1955 to 1968 by Mcintyre, Robert Joseph, Phd from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1972, 297 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7316493

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Nursing Students' Attitudes toward and Knowledge of Abortion before and after a Supervised Clinical Experience with Patients Having Abortions. by Nauful, Brenda Bradley, Edd from University of South Carolina, 1978, 108 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7907621

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Outside the Abortion Debate: Language, Women's Voice, and the Experience of Abortion (dorothy Smith, Catharine Mackinnon, Carol Gilligan) by Avalos-bock, Lisa Riley, Phd from Northwestern University, 1995, 243 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9537387

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Passage Through Abortion: a Sociological Analysis. by Zimmerman, Mary Kaye, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1976, 368 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7712883

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Patient Delay in Seeking Health Care: Social Factors Associated with Delayed Abortion. by Guttmacher, Sally Jeanne, Phd from Columbia University, 1976, 316 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7629393

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Patterns of Collective Action in the Abortion Conflict: an Organizational Analysis of the Pro-choice Movement (reproductive Rights, Women's Movement, Social, Illinois) by Staggenborg, Suzanne, Phd from Northwestern University, 1985, 468 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8600919

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Peer-group Orientation, Sexual Behavior, and Attitudes of College Students toward Abortion by Tanas, Raja Saliba, Phd from Michigan State University, 1980, 135 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8106485

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Personality Factors, Self-concept, and Family Variables Related to First Time and Repeat Abortion-seeking Behavior in Adolescent Women by Deutsch, Marjorie B., Phd from The American University, 1982, 162 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8304171

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Personhood, Potentiality, and Abortion (medical Ethics) by Huffman, Tom L., Phd from University of Missouri - Columbia, 1991, 263 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9133606

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Persons, Rights, and the Problem of Abortion. by Hanink, James Gee, Phd from Michigan State University, 1975, 379 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7527269

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Policy Formation and Implementation in the Abortion Field by Neef, Marian Huss, Phd from University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign, 1979, 499 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8009117

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Political Activism in the Local Church with Respect to the Issue of Abortion (baptist) by Bjork, William George, Dmin from Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, 1991, 267 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9125329

204 Abortion

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Poor Women's Fertility Decisions: Illegal Abortion in Cali, Colombia. by Browner, Carole, Phd from University of California, Berkeley, 1976, 135 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7715621

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Post-colonial Legal Forms: a Feminist Critique of Irish Abortion Law by Fletcher, Ruth; Djur from York University (canada), 2001, 250 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NQ67939

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Private Lives, Public Policies: Divorce, Abortion, and Family Equality in Latin America by Htun, Mala Nani; Phd from Harvard University, 2000, 427 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9960499

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Professional Management of the Client with Spoiled Identity: the Abortion Patient. by See, Elizabeth Marice, Phd from University of Kansas, 1973, 127 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7412625

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Psychological Aspects of Spontaneous Abortion by Bloch-rosen, Sally; Phd from University of Windsor (canada), 1989 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL50545

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Public Issue, Private Choice: the Rhetorical Construction of Woman's Place in News Coverage of the Ban the Bill Rally, February 28, 1990 (abortion Rights) by Zurakowski, Michele Marie, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1992, 246 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9306534

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Puerto Rican Women and Abortion: Beginning a Collective Story (gender, Feminism) by Peterman, Jean Paulson, Phd from University of Illinois at Chicago, 1994, 198 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9426660

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Punitiveness and Public Opinion on Abortion and Capital Punishment in the United States by Cook, Kimberly Joyce, Phd from University of New Hampshire, 1994, 293 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9511206

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Race, Motherhood, and Abortion by Clark, Candace, Phd from Columbia University, 1979, 316 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8008711

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Reconstructing Gender in America: Self-definition and Social Action among Abortion Activists (movements, Symbolic Anthropology, Conservative Politics, North Dakota) by Ginsburg, Faye Diana, Phd from City University of New York, 1986, 378 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8611342

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Regional Subcultures and Attitudes toward Abortion (abortion Attitudes, Subcultures) by Zhu, Chenggang, Phd from University of Notre Dame, 1992, 180 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9231413

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Religion and the Abortion Patient: a Study of Anxiety As a Function of Religious Belief and Participation and the Decision-making Process. by Pett, Mark Edward, Phd from The University of Iowa, 1975, 241 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7613433

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Religiosity and Abortion Attitudes among Couples in the Early Stage of the Family Formation Process by Granger, Bruce, Phd from Bowling Green State University, 1980, 127 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8100312

Dissertations 205

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Richard Brautigan: a Critical Look at 'trout Fishing in America', 'in Watermelon Sugar' and 'the Abortion' by Iftekharuddin, Farhat Mohammed, Phd from Oklahoma State University, 1989, 241 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9005755

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Rights, Obligations, and Social Freedom: the Case of Abortion. by Harman, John David, Phd from The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1978, 442 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7915106

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Ru 486: French Women's Experience of Abortion and Embodiment by Gerber, Elaine Gale; Phd from University of California, Los Angeles, 1999, 261 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9943767

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Single Service Organizations: a Comparative Study of Twelve Abortion Clinics in Ohio. by Jain, Anant Kumar, Phd from Case Western Reserve University, 1977, 181 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7718828

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Social Science and the Law: How the Supreme Court Has Used Social Science in Deciding the Important Women's Issues of Abortion and Sex Discrimination by Erickson, Rosemary J., Phd from The American University, 1994, 289 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9509208

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Some Aspects of the Legal Regulation of Abortion in England from 1803 to 1982, with Particular Reference to the Influence of the Medical Profession on the Development of the Law and of the Law on the Practice of Abortion by the Medical Profession by Keown, I. J., Dphil from University of Oxford (united Kingdom), 1985, 328 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/D-85474

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Spiritual Well-being and Adjustment to Abortion by Thibodeau, Anna M. Phd from State University of New York at Buffalo, 2002, 124 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3063170

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Spontaneous Abortion and Employment History of Women by Bryant, Heather E; Phd from University of Calgary (canada), 1986 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL29924

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Strategies of Despair: Abortion in America and in American Medicine by Imber, Jonathan Bruce, Phd from University of Pennsylvania, 1979, 300 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8009419

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Surviving a Holy War: How Health Care Workers in U.s. Abortion Facilities Are Coping with Antiabortion Harassment (united States) by Halvorson Boyd, Glenna Jeanne, Phd from The Fielding Institute, 1990, 215 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9030494

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Sustainability of Postabortion Care in Peru by Benson, Mary Jane; Drph from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2003, 206 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3086493

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Tangled Up in the Sixties: Progressive Activism and the Anti-abortion Movement by Hughes, Richard Lowry; Phd from University of Kansas, 2002, 370 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3053989

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Teenage Pregnancy and Abortion: Demographic, Epidemiological and Anthropological Considerations in Relation to Euroamerican Family Formation by Wright, Kathleen Hughes, Phd from Syracuse University, 1986, 260 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8716950

206 Abortion

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Teenage Pregnancy: a Personality Comparison of Prenatal and Abortion Groups. by Dixon, Virginia Lee, Edd from Columbia University Teachers College, 1977, 155 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7714716

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The Abortion Controversy: a Study of Law, Culture and Social Change by Kellough, Darlene Gail, Phd from University of Toronto (canada), 1990, 558 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NN65920

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The Abortion Issue Within the Southern Baptist Convention, 1969-1988 by Sadler, Paul L., Phd from Baylor University, 1991, 251 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9205391

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The Abortion Issue: Values and Value Conflict As Predictors of Attitude Strength and Behavioral Involvement in Politics by Schnell, Frauke Ingeborg, Phd from State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1993, 354 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9417805

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The Abortion Market: Transactions in a Risk Commodity by Davis, Nanette Joan, Phd from Michigan State University, 1973, 479 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7329683

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The Adoption of Morality Policy in the American States (abortion, Death Penalty) by Lee, Mei-hsien, Phd from West Virginia University, 1995, 335 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9635070

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The Amniocentesis - Abortion Experience: a Study of Psychological Effects and Healing Process by Menary, Jeanne Elise, Edd from Harvard University, 1987, 101 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8711669

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The Angel-makers: the Crime of Abortion in Nineteenth-century Lyon (france) by Jaicks, Nancy Robin, Phd from Columbia University, 1993, 371 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9333794

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The Anti-abortion Movement: Testing a Theory of the Rise and Fall of Social Movements. by Leahy, Peter James, Phd from Syracuse University, 1975, 231 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7618532

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The Attitudes of Catholic Women Religious toward Women Who Have Had an Abortion by Carroll, Catherine Dolores, Dmin from Lancaster Theological Seminary, 1985, 100 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8709655

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The Body of Abortion's Memory: Medical Anti-abortion Rhetoric of the Nineteenth Century by Stormer, Nathan Edward, Phd from University of Minnesota, 1997, 215 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9808964

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The 'catholic Moment' and Abortion by Murphy, Jeremiah Timothy, Phd from University of Southern California, 1996, 275 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9705150

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The Choice of Language and the Language of Choice: Public/private Discourse about Abortion and Education in the Early 1990s by Lawrence, Nancy Redding, Phd from University of Colorado at Boulder, 1994, 263 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9524319

Dissertations 207

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The Conflict between Mother and Child: Rabbinic and Legal Views on the Status of the Fetus (judaism, Abortion, Fetus) by Berkowitz, Adena Karen, Dhl from The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1991, 159 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9221889

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The Contemporary American Abortion Controversy: a Study of Public Argumentation by Railsback, Celeste Michelle Condit, Phd from The University of Iowa, 1982, 362 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8229963

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The Effect of Open-mindedness and Closed-mindedness on the Attitudes of Counselors-in-training with Regard to Selected Current Controversial Issues (abortion, Homosexuality, Extramarital Sex, Nontraditional Jobs, Premarital Sex) by Hammett, Patricia Anne, Phd from University of Georgia, 1986, 248 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8628880

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The Effect of Social Structural and Subcultural Factors Affecting Length of Delay in Seeking an Abortion (social Factors) by Hong, Jean, Phd from State University of New York at Buffalo, 1991, 210 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9135101

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The Effect of United States Supreme Court Intervention on the Innovation and Diffusion of Post-roe Abortion Policies in the American States, 1973--2000 by Patton, Dana Jill; Phd from University of Kentucky, 2003, 228 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3082703

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The Effects of a Supreme Court Ruling on People's Attitudes toward Abortion Issues (abortion) by Yang, Chulho, Phd from Michigan State University, 1993, 137 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9406578

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The Effects of Abortion Legislation on Women's Educational Attainment in the United States by Klein, Maya Hilary Haru Ibser, Phd from University of California, Berkeley, 1997, 189 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9803254

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The Effects of Counseling on University Women Requesting Abortion. by Rutledge, Mark Spicer, Edd from Northern Illinois University, 1978, 183 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7823119

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The Effects of Religion on Abortion Policy-making: a Study of Voting Behavior in the U. S. Congress, 1976-1980 (constituency; United States) by Fimian, Charles, Phd from Arizona State University, 1983, 406 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8405150

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The Ethics of Abortion by Gellman, Marc Alan, Phd from Northwestern University, 1981, 198 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8204908

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The Ethics of Rhetoric and the Rhetoric of Ethics in the Abortion Controversy by Lake, Randall Alan, Phd from University of Kansas, 1982, 380 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8301733

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The Evolution of the Contemporary Abortion Conflict: Activists and Non-activists in Two United States Cities by Chang, Perry; Phd from New School for Social Research, 2001, 444 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3027085

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The Feminist Demand for Legal Abortion: a Disruption of the Mexican State and Catholic Church Relations (1871-1995) by Ortiz-ortega, Adriana Nohemi, Phd from Yale University, 1996, 314 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9635394

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The Gavel and the Chalice: Catholic Judges and Abortion (judicial Behavior) by Sracic, Paul A., Phd from Rutgers the State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 1993, 176 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9412683

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The Impact of Legalized Abortion upon Hospitals in New York State. by Sprague, Jane Burr, Phd from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1974, 247 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7515733

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The Impact of State Abortion Policy on Selective Abortion Ratios in the United States by Hegamin, Angela Pool, Phd from University of Southern California, 1998, 100 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9902808

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The Influence of Sexuality/gender Schema on Attitudes toward Legal Abortion (abortion) by Kennedy, Marti, Phd from Texas Tech University, 1993, 366 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9325776

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The Interaction of Jury Nullification and Abortion Attitudes: Measuring the Effects of a Nullification Instruction on Juror Behavior Using the Trial Simulation Paradigm by Brody, David Charles, Phd from State University of New York at Albany, 1997, 265 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9802405

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The Landscape Within: an Inquiry on the Structure of Morality (ethics, Abortion, Right to Die) by Hoverman, John Russell, Phd from The University of Texas at Austin, 1991, 203 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9212552

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The Medical Framing of Abortion: a Comparative Study of Abortion Discourse in the Media and the Supreme Court by Twiggs, Joan Elizabeth; Phd from The University of Connecticut, 2001, 295 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3038050

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The Morality of Abortion. by Greenwell, James Richard, Phd from The University of Arizona, 1975, 215 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7601404

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The Morality of Legalized Abortion by Micallef, P. J; Phd from Universite Laval (canada), 1971 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK10898

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The New Woman, the New Family and the Rationalization of Sexuality: the Sex Reform Movement in Germany 1928 to 1933 (abortion, Birth Control, Sterilization) by Grossmann, Atina, Phd from Rutgers the State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 1984, 726 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8424110

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The Pre- and Post-abortion Process for Couples: a Qualitative Research Perspective (abortion Counseling) by Mccray, Nancy Lynne, Phd from University of North Texas, 1990, 189 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9105039

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The 'pro-family' Ideology of the 1970's (anti-era, Anti-abortion) by Mason, Susan Elizabeth, Phd from Columbia University, 1981, 457 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8406523

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When Abortion Was a Crime: the Legal and Medical Regulation of Abortion, Chicago, 1880-1973 (legal Regulation, Illinois) by Reagan, Leslie Jean, Phd from The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1991, 447 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9133412

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Who Has Abortions: Determinants of Abortion Choice among American Women by Badagliacco, Joanne Marie, Phd from Columbia University, 1987, 211 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8809323

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Women As Agents: Abortion and Motivation to Contracept. by Freeman, Ellen Wood, Phd from Bryn Mawr College, 1976, 257 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7707807

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Women, Society, the State and Abortion: a Structuralist Analysis by Sheeran, Patrick Joseph, Dpa from University of Southern California, 1986 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f1244853

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Women's Attitudes towards Selected Health Issues: Implications for Nursing Education (abortion, Euthanasia, Sexuality, Contraception, Substance Abuse) by Thompson, Jacqueline K., Phd from State University of New York at Buffalo, 1986, 374 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8629119

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Women's Experiences of Abortion in Urban Malaysia by Kamaluddin, Siti Fathilah, Phd from University of California, San Francisco, 1995, 284 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9606588

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Women's Political Specificity: Feminist and Anti-sexist Mobilization on the Liberalisation of Abortion in France, 1965-1975 by Batiot, Anne, Phd from University of Essex (united Kingdom), 1985, 285 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/D-80241

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Women's Secrets/men's Choices: Subjections of Gender in a Northern California Abortion Clinic by Keeley, Sandra Denius, Phd from University of Colorado at Boulder, 1994, 288 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9524317

Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

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CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ABORTION Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning abortion.

Recent Trials on Abortion The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to abortion.8 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. •

Lead, Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Outcomes Condition(s): Lead Poisoning; Infertility Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Purpose - Excerpt: This prospective cohort study of 400 lead exposed and 400 non-lead exposed women and their husbands assesses endocrine dysfunction and adverse reproductive outcomes. Residing in two study areas in Shenyang, China, the women are married, 20 and 34 years of age, never smokers, have obtained permission to have a child, and have attempted to become pregnant over the course of the study. Lead exposure is defined by lead levels in blood samples collected at the baseline survey (both women and their husbands), first and second trimesters, and at delivery (both maternal and cord blood). Endocrine dysfunction is monitored by urinary hormone metabolites including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone conjugates (E1C), and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG). Reproductive endpoints include menstrual disturbance, time to conception, spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00023101

8

These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.

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Issues Surrounding Prenatal Genetic Testing for Achondroplasia Condition(s): Achondroplasia; Dwarfism Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Purpose - Excerpt: Since the gene responsible for achondroplasia was identified in 1994, it has become possible to test for achondroplasia prenatally. Moreover, prenatal genetic testing for achondroplasia is relatively simple and is highly likely to be informative for any couple seeking testing. Four diagnostic laboratories in the U.S. are currently performing prenatal genetic testing for achondroplasia. Before prenatal genetic testing for achondroplasia becomes more widely available, however, it is essential that we learn more about the lives of affected individuals and their families, the implications of offering testing for achondroplasia, and the education and the counseling needs of this community. Personal interviews and stories have been published and discussed at national meetings (Ablon 1984). We conducted a pilot telephone interview survey of 15 individuals with achondroplasia. What is needed now is a large scale quantitative study of the community of little people and their families. To meet this need, we have developed a survey tool to analyze family relationships, quality of life, tendencies toward optimism or pessimism, information-avoiding or information-seeking behaviors, social support, involvement in Little People of America Inc. (LPA), self-esteem, sociodemographics and views on achondroplasia, religiousness, reproductive and family plans, genetic testing, and abortion. The self-administered survey will be completed nationally by a sample of persons with achondroplasia and their family members. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001536

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Organophosphate Pesticides and Human Reproductive Health Condition(s): Fecundability; Spermatazoa Disorders; Menstruation Disorders; Endocrine Dysfunction Study Status: This study is not yet open for patient recruitment. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Purpose - Excerpt: This prospective cohort study assesses the effects of exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides on adverse reproductive outcomes in both male and female agricultural workers in China. We will enroll women and their spouses, who are attempting to become pregnant, and observe reproductive endpoints including (1) semen parameters (concentration, total count, motility, progression and morphology), (2) menstrual disorders (oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding, prolonged menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and irregular menstruation); (3) alterations in hormone patterns including reduced estrogen excretion (REE), anovulation, abnormal luteal phase (ALP), and abnormal follicular phase (AFP) in women and abnormalities of LH, FSH, TSH, SHBG, inhibin-B and testosterone in men; (4) fecundability; and (5) pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00046124

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Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “abortion” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: •

For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/

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For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html

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For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/

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For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm

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For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp

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For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm

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For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/

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For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm

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For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm

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For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm

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For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm

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For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm

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For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials

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CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON ABORTION Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.9 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “abortion” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on abortion, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.

Patents on Abortion By performing a patent search focusing on abortion, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We

9Adapted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.

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will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. The following is an example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on abortion: •

Ex vivo product of conception test to determine abortion Inventor(s): Senyei; Andrew E. (Santa Ana, CA), Teng; Nelson N. H. (Hillsborough, CA) Assignee(s): Adeza Biomedical Corporation (Sunnyvale, CA) Patent Number: 5,223,440 Date filed: November 18, 1988 Abstract: The invention provides a method for determining the presence of products of conception in a sample derived from the uterus during a D&C, or a therapeutic or spontaneous abortion, and comprises determining the presence in the sample of a fetal restricted antigen, which is found in products of conception but not found in significant amounts in maternal plasma or serum. Since the fetal restricted antigen is not present in significant quantities in maternal plasma or serum, the methods of this invention are reliable even when the sample is contaminated with maternal blood. One fetal restricted antigen is fetal fibronectin.In one embodiment of this invention, the sample is contacted with an insoluble support to which anti-(fetal restricted antigen) antibody is adhered, and the fetal restricted antigen binding to the support is determined. Alternatively, an antibody which binds a class of substances of which the fetal restricted antigen is a member can be substituted for either the capture antbody or the sandwiching antibody, and binding of fetal restricted antigen is determined. Competition assay procedures can also be used.Reagents and reagent kits are included. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to methods, reagents and kits for detection of ex vivo products of conception. In particular, this invention is directed to the determination of products of conception in uterine tissue expelled or removed from the uterus through spontaneous or therapeutic abortions. ... Determination of the presence of ex vivo products of conception in uterine tissue removed in therapeutic or spontaneous abortion is critically important to confirm the existence of uterine pregnancy and the termination thereof, and to rule out the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. If levels of fetal associated antigens in maternal serum or urine indicate pregnancy, and the uterine tissue removed during a therapeutic abortion contain no products of conception, a possible ectopic pregnancy is indicated. Presence of products of conception in uterine discharge associated with indicators of spontaneous abortion confirms the abortion, while the absence thereof indicated a continuation of pregnancy. ... Usual immunoassay methods for determining the presence of fetal associated antigens in uterine tissue samples are not reliable for indicating the presence of products of conception since these samples typically contain maternal blood. Nonrestricted fetal antigens are usually present in maternal blood as well as in fetal and placental tissue. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05223440__

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Image processing apparatus that executes abortion of image processing and method of resuming aborted image processing Inventor(s): Kamiya; Satoshi (Ebina, JP) Assignee(s): Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP) Patent Number: 5,974,232 Date filed: February 12, 1997 Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: an input means for inputting image data to be subjected to an image process; a storage means for storing the image data inputted from the input means; a processing means for reading out the image data stored in the storage means and subjecting the read image data to an instructed image process; an abortion means for aborting the image process of the image data performed by the processing means; a hold instructing means for giving an instruction as to whether or not the image data whose process has been aborted by the abortion means is to be continuously held in the storage means; a hold means for continuously holding the image data in the storage means based on the instruction from the hold instructing means; an execution means for reading out the image data in the storage means held by the hold means from the storage means and resuming the image process of the image data aborted by the abortion means; and a delete means for deleting the image data held in the storage means by the hold means. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to an image processing apparatus that can not only abort an image process efficiently but also resume the once aborted image process with a reduced number of process steps. ... When a printer is executing a print command (job) for a large-sized image, such a job disturbs the outputting of other jobs. In order to allow the other jobs to be printed prior to a previously inputted job, the previously inputted job must be canceled. To do so, a printer disclosed in Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei. 5-77525 aborts printing at the time a print abortion instruction has been given. This printer also aborts sheet feed operation in addition to the print abortion, and clears print data and reads but discards all data sent from a host. ... Further, disclosed in Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei. 6-149494 is an invention that selectively deletes either a job stored in a receiving buffer or an image based on such job from a memory when a print abortion instruction has been given. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05974232__

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Methods of preventing immune-mediated abortion by inhibiting a CD28-mediated costimulatory signal Inventor(s): Ling; Vincent (Walpole, MA), Maganti; Srinivas (Portsmouth, NH), Gray; Gary S. (Brookline, MA), Keith; James C. (Andover, MA) Assignee(s): Genetics Institute, Inc. (Cambridge, MA) Patent Number: 6,613,327 Date filed: July 28, 2000 Abstract: Methods of inhibiting and diagnosing spontaneous abortion in a subject are provided. The subject methods are based, inter alia, on the administration of an agent that inhibits a CD28-C mediated costimulatory signal in a T cell such that spontaneous abortion in the subject is inhibited. The subject methods are also based on the levels of

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adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and immune cell surface molecules which are altered in spontaneous abortion. Excerpt(s): In order for T cells to respond to foreign proteins, two signals must be provided by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to resting T lymphocytes (Jenkins, M. and Schwartz, R. (1987) J. Exp. Med. 165, 302-319; Mueller, D. L., et al. (1990) J. Immunol. 144, 3701-3709). The first signal, which confers specificity to the immune response, is transduced via the T cell receptor (TCR) following recognition of foreign antigenic peptide presented in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The second signal, termed costimulation, induces T cells to proliferate and become functional (Lenschow et al. 1996. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:233). Costimulation is neither antigen-specific, nor MHC restricted and is thought to be provided by one or more distinct cell surface molecules expressed by APCs (Jenkins, M. K., et al. 1988 J. Immunol. 140, 3324-3330; Linsley, P. S., et al. 1991 J. Exp. Med. 173, 721-730; Gimmi, C. D., et al., 1991 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88, 6575-6579; Young, J. W., et al. 1992 J. Clin. Invest. 90, 229-237; Koulova, L., et al. 1991 J.Exp. Med. 173, 759-762; Reiser, H., et al. 1992 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89, 271-275; van-Seventer, G. A., et al. (1990) J. Immunol. 144, 45794586; LaSalle, J. M., et al., 1991 J. Immunol. 147, 774-80; Dustin, M. I., et al., 1989 J. Exp. Med. 169, 503; Armitage, R. J., et al. 1992 Nature 357, 80-82; Liu, Y., et al. 1992 J.Exp. Med. 175, 437-445). ... The CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) proteins, expressed on APCs, are critical costimulatory molecules (Freeman et al. 1991. J. Exp. Med. 174:625; Freeman et al. 1989 J. Immunol. 143:2714; Azuma et al. 1993 Nature 366:76; Freeman et al. 1993. Science 262:909). B7-2 appears to play a predominant role during primary immune responses, while B7-1, which is upregulated later in the course of an immune response, may be important in prolonging primary T cell responses or costimulating secondary T cell responses (Bluestone. 1995. Immunity. 2:555). ... One ligand to which B7-1 and B7-2 bind, CD28, is constitutively expressed on resting T cells and increases in expression after activation. After signaling through the T cell receptor, ligation of CD28 and transduction of a costimulatory signal induces T cells to proliferate and secrete IL-2 (Linsley, P. S., et al. 1991 J. Exp. Med. 173, 721-730; Gimmi, C. D., et al. 1991 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88, 6575-6579; June, C. H., et al. 1990 Immunol. Today. 11, 211-6; Harding, F. A., et al. 1992 Nature. 356, 607-609). A second ligand, termed CTLA4 (CD152) is homologous to CD28 but is not expressed on resting T cells and appears following T cell activation (Brunet, J. F., et al., 1987 Nature 328, 267-270). CTLA4 appears to be critical in negative regulation of T cell responses (Waterhouse et al. 1995. Science 270:985). Blockade of CTLA4 has been found to remove inhibitory signals, while aggregation of CTLA4 has been found to provide inhibitory signals that downregulate T cell responses (Allison and Krummel. 1995. Science 270:932). The B7 molecules have a higher affinity for CTLA4 than for CD28 (Linsley, P. S., et al., 1991 J. Exp. Med. 174, 561569) and B7-1 and B7-2 have been found to bind to distinct regions of the CTLA4 molecule and have different kinetics of binding to CTLA4 (Linsley et al. 1994. Immunity. 1:793). A new molecule related to CD28 and CTLA4, ICOS, has been identified (Hutloff et al. 1999. Nature. 397:263; WO 98/38216), as has its ligand, which is a new B7 family member (Aicher A. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:4689-96; Mages H. W. et al. (2000) Eur. J. Immunol. 30:1040-7; Brodie D. et al. (2000) Curr. Biol. 10:333-6; Ling V. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:1653-7; Yoshinaga S. K. et al. (1999) Nature 402:827-32). If T cells are only stimulated through the T cell receptor, without receiving an additional costimulatory signal, they become nonresponsive, anergic, or die, resulting in downmodulation of the immune response. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06613327__

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Prostaglandins and antigestagens for induction of labor and for abortion Inventor(s): Beier; Sybille (Berlin, DE), Elger; Walter (Berlin, DE) Assignee(s): Schering Aktiengesellschaft (Berlin and Bergkamen, DE) Patent Number: 4,626,531 Date filed: October 12, 1984 Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition containing a prostaglandin and an antigestagen is suitable for induction of labor and for abortion. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a combination product for combined use in the induction of labor or for abortion. ... To avert danger for the mother and/or child, it is sometimes necessary to induce labor artificially or to terminate a pregnancy before term. Surgical techniques and pharmacological methods are available for this purpose. ... A favorable pharmacological method is vaginal or intramuscular application of prostaglandins which, in the case of abortion, are taken in the first or second threemonth period of pregnancy (Contraception 1983, Vol. 27, 51-60 and Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 1982, Vol. 20, 383-386. Advantages of prostaglandins include their simple administrability and their applicability for use over a long period of pregnancy. Disadvantages include acute side effects such as pain and nausea; moreover, the success rate in the case of abortion in advanced phases of pregnancy is not over 90% even with a long period of prostaglandin treatment. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04626531__

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Therapeutic agent for threatened abortion Inventor(s): Kajiwara; Yayoi (Kawasaki, JP), Nakaya; Takayoshi (Nagoya, JP) Assignee(s): Hoechst Japan Limited (Tokyo, JP) Patent Number: 5,554,593 Date filed: December 23, 1994 Abstract: Therapeutic agent for threatened abortion which contains human blood coagulation factor XIII as the active ingredient. Human blood coagulation factor XIII administered to patients with threatened abortion successfully treats the disease, and its effects are marked. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to an agent for treating threatened abortion. ... Threatened abortion refers to a condition of a patient within 24 weeks of pregnancy, with an alive fetus, a slight uterine bleeding, parodynia-like pain, lumbago, and no dilatation of the cervix. ... Since threatened abortion is a condition at the early stage of abortion, it may permit pregnancy to continue depending on treatment. If this condition proceeds, there will be no more recovery from it, and continuation of pregnancy will become impossible. Thus, treatment is required in order to return the patient promptly to the normal non-pregnant state. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05554593__

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Use of hydrolytic enzymes for the prophylaxis of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women with habitual idiopathic abortion in their anamneses Inventor(s): Stauder; Gerhard (Wolfratshausen, DE), Kunze; Rudolf (Berlin, DE), Ransberger; Karl (Seeshaupt, DE), Dittmar; Friedrich-Wilhelm (Socking, DE) Assignee(s): Mucos Pharma GmbH & Co. (DE) Patent Number: 5,505,942 Date filed: October 21, 1994 Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hydrolytic enzymes for the prophylaxis of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women in need thereof with habitual idiophathic abortion in their anamneses. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the use of at least one hydrolytic enzyme for the prophylaxis of abortion in pregnant women with habitual idiopathic abortion in their anamneses. ... One talks about habitual abortion when at least three successive pregnancies end before the 28th gestational week with spontaneous abortion. (Pschyrembel, Klinisches Worterbuch, 255th ed., Walter de Gruyter, 1986). Habitual spontaneous abortions are sometimes due to anatomic, genetic or hormonal anomalies of the patients concerned. Examples thereof are congenital uterine anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, thyroid dysfunctions, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases, viral or bacterial infections, etc. (Makino, T. et al., Annals New York Academy of Sciences, pp. 597-604, 1990). At an incidence of 0.4%, however, this kind of abortion is idiopathic, i.e., of unknown cause (disposition). ... Therapeutic or prophylactic measures which have so far been taken to maintain pregnancy in case of pending abortion without any hints at a possible cause are cervical cerclage, hormone supplementation (estrogen, gestagen, progesterone, etc.) and the administration of allogenic leukocytes and polyvalent immunoglobulins. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05505942__

Patent Applications on Abortion As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.10 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to abortion: •

Diagnostic method for screening complement regulatory protein levels to predict spontaneous abortion Inventor(s): Martens, Mark G. ; (Jenks, OK), Kaul, Anil K. ; (Plymouth, MN), Kaul, Rashmi ; (Plymouth, MN) Correspondence: SCHWEGMAN, LUNDBERG, WOESSNER & KLUTH, P.A.; P.O. BOX 2938; MINNEAPOLIS; MN; 55402; US Patent Application Number: 20030129674 Date filed: November 12, 2002

10

This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.

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Abstract: The invention provides a method for the early detection of pregnancy failure, spontaneous abortion or premature birth by determinations of complement regulatory protein levels. A kit for use in rapid identification of these pregnancy complications is also provided. Excerpt(s): This application is a continuation of PCT/US01/14768, filed on May 9, 2001, which claimed priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.: 60/204,344, filed May 15, 2000, which applications are incorporated herein by reference. ... Twelve to twenty-two percent of all pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage. Most data available suggest genetic, hormonal or immunological factors associated with a majority of spontaneous abortions. About 40% of all miscarriages are estimated to be the result of chromosomal abnormalities. Various hypotheses have been proposed for the remaining 60%, and a variety of tests and therapies have been proposed for diagnosing and treating high-risk pregnancy. For example, high-risk pregnancies are evaluated using Doppler evaluation of uterine artery blood flow (Caforio, L. et al., Fetal Diagn. Ther. (1999) 14: 201-5), screening for and measurement of anti-paternal antibodies (Orgad, S., et al. Hum. Reprod. (1999) December 14: 2974-9), and measurement of MSAFP (maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein) levels, among others. ... Despite the application of currently available technologies for screening high-risk pregnancies, reliable methods have not been found. The pathology of spontaneous abortion is difficult to elucidate. Immunologically, a fetus is a semiallogenic graft and blunting of the immune system is required to permit maintenance of the fetus by the mother. Some have suggested that anti-paternal antibodies cause rejection of the fetus by the maternal immune system, and one treatment that has been proposed for recurrent miscarriage is intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (Daya, S., et al., Hum. Reprod. Update (1999) 5: 475-82). Others have suggested that maternal blood flow to the placenta contributes to spontaneous abortion pathology. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html •

Method to avoid high-level data link control (HDLC) frame abortion Inventor(s): Lecha, Eduard ; (Emeryville, CA), Calderon, Juan-Carlos ; (Fremont, CA) Correspondence: Pillsbury Winthrop LLP; Intellectual Property Group; 1600 Tysons Boulevard; McLean; VA; 22102; US Patent Application Number: 20030172178 Date filed: March 8, 2002 Abstract: A system to generate and transfer data frames without frame abortion includes an input source to provide input characters to transmit. A frame writing device generates the data frames having the input characters, stuffed characters, and non-data characters. The frame writing device inserts the stuffed characters into the data frames in place of the input characters that are identical to predetermined special characters utilized in the data frames. No more than two different special characters are utilized in the data frames. A frame transmitting device transmits the data frames. A frame receiving device receives the data frames. A data extraction device extracts the input characters from the data frames. The data extraction device extracts the input characters from the stuffed characters. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to the field of data transmission, and more specifically, to a system, method, and apparatus for "stuffing" a minimal number of characters of data to prevent a generated frame of data from being aborted when a device generating

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the frames encounters data underflow. ... Networks such as the Internet, Local Area Networks (LANs), or Wide Area Networks (WANs) typically transmit data between devices via frames of data. High-level Data Link Control (HDLC), International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Convention (ISO/IEC) 3309, published Jun. 1, 1991, is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) communications protocol used in X.25 packet switching networks. HDLC provides error correction at the data link network. Networks often use the HDLC protocol when transmitting frames. ... Internet devices communicate data via Packet Over Synchronous (POS) Optical NETwork, or SoNET, frames in the Synchronous Optical Networks/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) payload. Internet Protocol (IP) packets are encapsulated into Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames that are encapsulated in HDLC-like frames when mapped into SONET/SDH. POS is specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in (a) "PPP in HDLC-like Framing", RFC 1662, published July 1994; (b) "PPP over SONET/SDH", RFC 2615, published June 1999; and (c) "IP Over SDH Using LAPS", International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-T X.85, published March 2000. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html

Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with abortion, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/main/patents.htm. Under “Services,” click on “Search Patents.” You will see two broad options: (1) Patent Grants, and (2) Patent Applications. To see a list of granted patents, perform the following steps: Under “Patent Grants,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on abortion. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning abortion. Simply go back to the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/main/patents.htm. Under “Services,” click on “Search Patents.” Select “Quick Search” under “Patent Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

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CHAPTER 7. BOOKS ON ABORTION Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to abortion. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on abortion include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on abortion: •

Who decides?: A state-by-state review of abortion rights. (8th ed.) Source: Washington, DC: National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League Foundation/National Abortion Rights Action League. 1999. 261 pp. Contact: Available from National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League Foundation/National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League, 1156 15th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005. Telephone: (202) 973-3000 / fax: (202) 973-3030 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.naral.org. $26.99 plus $4.50 postage; make checks payable to the NARAL Foundation. Summary: This book assesses recent political and legal changes relating to reproductive choice, and it reviews the current state laws and regulations that affect the right of women to have access to abortions. The findings from the current edition are compared to those of earlier editions to monitor changes. For each state, the book reports the attitudes of the top elected officials, reviews the current state laws, examines the overall

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attitude of the state legislature, and notes legislature introduced in the previous year. It also reports on the judiciary and reviews the major political party platforms. Where applicable, the book reports on sexuality education, minors' access to services and on the use of public funds. •

In good conscience: A practical, emotional, and spiritual guide to deciding whether to have an abortion Source: San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers. 1998. 165 pp. Contact: Available from Jossey-Bass Publishers, 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104. Telephone: (800) 956-7739 / fax: 800-605-2665. $16.00. Summary: This book is written for women who have discovered they are pregnant and think they might want to have an abortion. The book is designed to walk women through the decision process, calm their minds, and break a decision into small steps that can be taken one at a time. The book provides facts needed to make an informed decision about pregnancy including medical, historical, and legal facts, descriptions of what it's like to have an abortion, suggestions for finding people for support, and a stepby-step guide to making an appointment for women who decide to have an abortion. The book also contains write-in sections for exploring feelings, thoughts, and beliefs about abortion. These sections address the emotional and spiritual aspects of such a decision.

•

Abortion: my choice, God's grace: Christian women tell their stories Source: Pasadena, CA: New Paradigm Books. 1994. 238 pp. Contact: Available from New Paradigm Books, P.O. Box 60008, Pasadena, CA 91116. $12.95 paperback; $19.95 hardback. Summary: This book contains personal narratives from Christian women who have had abortions. These narratives consider some of the moral and ethical questions associated with having an abortion and present the narrators' efforts to reconcile their choices with their religious beliefs. The introduction provides a framework for the narratives, and the editor concludes the book with a chapter which examines the Bible and the issue of choice. The book contains a list of organizations, resources, and a selected bibliography.

•

Our choices: Women's personal decisions about abortion Source: Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press. 1993. 197 pp. Contact: Available from Harrington Park Press, Haworth Press, 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580. Telephone: (800) 342-9678 / fax: (607) 722-6362. $14.95. Summary: This book is a collection of sixteen oral histories of women's personal experiences with abortion, based on interviews conducted and transcribed by the author. The women included represent a variety of socioeconomic, cultural, and religious backgrounds, and they relate stories of both legal and illegal abortions. The appendix contains a list of pro-choice organizations.

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Early childbearing: Perspectives of black adolescents on pregnancy, abortion, and contraception Source: Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1993. 216 pp.

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Contact: Available from Sage Publications, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 913202218. Telephone: (805) 499-9774 / fax: (805) 499-0871 / e- mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.sagepub.com. $17.95 plus $2.00 shipping and handling; prepayment required for orders under $25.00. Summary: This book reports on the Penn Study of Teenage Pregnancy, which examined adolescent pregnancy from the perspective of young, low-income, urban black adolescents enrolled in family planning and obstetric services. The study followed each participant for two years in the early 1980s, and provided details about the adolescents' attitudes, perceptions, and decisions about pregnancy. It included adolescents who became pregnant and those who did not. Topics covered include risking pregnancy through nonuse of contraceptives, wanting pregnancy, choosing abortion or delivery, a comparison of those who terminated pregnancies and never-pregnant peers, pregnancies after study enrollment, family involvement, and males and contraception. •

Sex, abortion, and unmarried women Source: Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 1993. 321 pp. Contact: Available from Greenwood Publishers, 88 Post Road, West, P.O. Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881. Telephone: (800) 225-5800 or (203) 226-3571 ext. 391 / fax: (202) 2221502 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.praeger.com. $55.00 plus $3.50 shipping and handling; make check payable to Greenwood Press. Summary: This book presents the results of interviews with seventy unmarried, Caucasian, Canadian women who shared their sexual, contraceptive, and abortion experiences. The book reviews the current controversy about abortion in North America and presents information on the psychological effects of abortion. It describes the method used to obtain the interviews and select the study group. It reviews the sexual and contraceptive behavior of the study group and their attitudes towards their pregnancy. The book considers the women's experiences on the day of the abortion and their attitudes in the period following. Statistical tables compile information on abortion rates in selected countries, figures on legal abortions in the United States between 1973 and 1988, a range of data based on Canada, as well as the results derived from this survey.

•

Bitter fruit: Women's experiences of unplanned pregnancy, abortion or adoptions Source: Alameda, CA: Hunter House. 1992. 286 pp. Contact: Available from Hunter House, P.O. Box 2914, Alameda, CA 94501. Telephone: (510) 865-5282. $12.95; $2.50 shipping for 1st book, $0.75 each additional book. Summary: This book tells the stories of women who become pregnant unintentionally and either have abortions, give the child up for adoption, or raise the child themselves. It includes personal narratives, art and poetry.

•

Abortion: A reference handbook Source: Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio. 1991. 258 pp. Contact: Available from ABC-Clio, P.O. Box 1911, Santa Barbara, CA 93116- 1911. Telephone: (800) 422-2546 / fax: (805) 685-9685. $39.50. Summary: This handbook provides reference information on abortion. It includes a chronology of the history of abortion since ancient Greece; biographical sketches of persons currently active in the abortion controversy; statistics on abortion rates,

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demographics of women having abortions; descriptions of abortion techniques; a 40page directory of organizations, and 50 pages of bibliographies, including both print and non-print resources.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print®). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “abortion” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “abortion” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “abortion” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

A Brief, Liberal, Catholic Defense of Abortion by Daniel A. Dombrowski, et al (2000); ISBN: 0252025504; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0252025504/icongroupinterna

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A Clinician's Guide to Medical and Surgical Abortion by Maureen Paul (Editor), et al (1999); ISBN: 0443075298; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0443075298/icongroupinterna

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A Defense of Abortion by David Boonin (Author) (2002); ISBN: 0521520355; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521520355/icongroupinterna

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A Difficult Decision: A Compassionate Book About Abortion by Joy Gardner-Gordon, Joy Gardner; ISBN: 0895942143; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0895942143/icongroupinterna

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A Greater Vision: Back from Abortion by Joan Ulicny (1997); ISBN: 1882972449; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1882972449/icongroupinterna

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A Lawyer Looks at Abortion by Lynn D. Wardle, Mary Ann Wood; ISBN: 0842520546; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0842520546/icongroupinterna

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A Practical Companion to the Constitution: How the Supreme Court Has Ruled on Issues from Abortion to Zoning by Jethro Koller Lieberman (1999); ISBN: 0520212800; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520212800/icongroupinterna

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A Private Choice: Abortion in America in the Seventies by John Thomas Noonan; ISBN: 0029231604; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0029231604/icongroupinterna

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A Private Matter: Ru 486 and the Abortion Crisis by Lawrence Lader, Eleanor Smeal (1995); ISBN: 1573920126; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1573920126/icongroupinterna

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A Rachel Rosary: Intercessory Prayer for Victims of Post Abortion Syndrome by Larry Kupferman (1994); ISBN: 1878718215; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1878718215/icongroupinterna

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A Season to Heal/Help and Hope for Those Working Through Post-Abortion Stress by Luci Freed, Penny Yvonne Salazar; ISBN: 0840777817; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0840777817/icongroupinterna

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A Solitary Sorrow: Finding Healing & Wholeness After Abortion (Women/Inspirational) by Teri K. Reisser, et al (2000); ISBN: 0877887748; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0877887748/icongroupinterna

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A Woman's Book of Choices: Abortion, Menstrual Extraction, Ru-486 by Rebecca Chalker, et al (1996); ISBN: 1888363282; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1888363282/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (1994); ISBN: 0932727790; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0932727790/icongroupinterna

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Abortion by Richard Brautigan; ISBN: 0671827979; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0671827979/icongroupinterna

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Abortion by Tricia Andryszewski; ISBN: 1562945734; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1562945734/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (1990); ISBN: 0685308030; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0685308030/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (1991); ISBN: 0899083803; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0899083803/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (1991); ISBN: 0899083552; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0899083552/icongroupinterna

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Abortion by Belinda Bennett (Editor) (2003); ISBN: 075462238X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/075462238X/icongroupinterna

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Abortion & Common Sense by Ruth Dixon-Mueller, Paul K. B. Dagg (2002); ISBN: 1401059546; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1401059546/icongroupinterna

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Abortion & Dialogue: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, and American Law by Ruth Colker; ISBN: 025320738X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/025320738X/icongroupinterna

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Abortion & Reproductive Rights : A Comprehensive Guide To Medicine, Ethics, And The Law by J. Douglas Butler (Author); ISBN: 1573561126; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1573561126/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (Examining Issues Through Political Cartoons) by Mary E. Williams (Editor), Greenhaven (2002); ISBN: 0737712473; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0737712473/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (Facts on File Handbooks to Constitutional Issues Series) by Mark V. Tushnet, Leon Friedman (1995); ISBN: 0816025037; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0816025037/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (Lucent Overview Series) by Allison Lassieur (2001); ISBN: 1560068183; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560068183/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (Lucent Overview) by Joan Nelson (1992); ISBN: 1560061286; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560061286/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (Opposing Viewpoints Digests) by Stephen Currie (2000); ISBN: 073770229X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/073770229X/icongroupinterna

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Abortion (Reference Shelf, Vol 62, No 4) by Janet Podell (Editor) (1990); ISBN: 0824207939; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824207939/icongroupinterna

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Abortion : A Collective Story by Cara J. MariAnna (Author) (2002); ISBN: 0897898990; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0897898990/icongroupinterna

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Abortion : Politics, Morality, and the Constitution by Stephen M. Krason, John P. East (Designer); ISBN: 0819140368; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0819140368/icongroupinterna

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Abortion : Statutes, Policies, and Public Attitudes the World Over by Rita J. Simon (Author) (1998); ISBN: 0275960617; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0275960617/icongroupinterna

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Abortion : The Personal Dilemma by R. F. Gardner (Author); ISBN: 0800781643; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0800781643/icongroupinterna

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Abortion an Historical Romance 1966 by Richard Brautigan (Author); ISBN: 067120873X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/067120873X/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and American Politics by Barbara Hinkson Craig, David M. O'Brien (1993); ISBN: 0934540896; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0934540896/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Common Sense by Dixon-Mueller Ruth, Paul K. B. Dagg (2002); ISBN: 1401059554; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1401059554/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Divorce in Western Law by Mary Ann Glendon (1989); ISBN: 0674001613; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0674001613/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Divorce Law in Ireland by Jennifer E. Spreng (2003); ISBN: 0786416750; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0786416750/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Healing: A Cry to Be Whole by Michael T. Mannion (1992); ISBN: 0934134359; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0934134359/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Moral Theory; ISBN: 0691020175; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691020175/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Protection of the Human Fetus: Legal Problems in a Cross-Cultural Perspective (Current and Legal Issues in International and Comparativ) by George F. Cole (Editor), Stanislaw Frankowski (Editor) (2002); ISBN: 0898389224; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0898389224/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Slavery: History Repeats by J. C. Willke (1984); ISBN: 0685087824; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0685087824/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Social Justice by Thomas W. Hilger (1980); ISBN: 0937930008; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0937930008/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Social Responsibility: Depolarizing the Debate (Studies in Feminist Philosophy) by Laurie J. Shrage (2003); ISBN: 019515309X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/019515309X/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation (New edition/issue) by Ronald Reagan; ISBN: 0964112531; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0964112531/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and the Constitution: Reversing Roe V. Wade Through the Courts by Dennis J. Horan (Editor), et al; ISBN: 0878404473; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0878404473/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood by Kristin Luker (1985); ISBN: 0520055977; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520055977/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and the States Political Change and Future Regulations by Wishner (1993); ISBN: 0897077180; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0897077180/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Unborn Human Life by Patrick Lee (1996); ISBN: 0813208467; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813208467/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Woman's Choice by Rosalind P. Petchesky; ISBN: 0930350774; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0930350774/icongroupinterna

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Abortion and Woman's Choice: The State, Sexuality, and Reproductive Freedom (Northeastern Series in Feminist Theory) by Rosalind Pollack Petchesky (1990); ISBN: 1555530753; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1555530753/icongroupinterna

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Abortion at Work: Ideology and Practice in a Feminist Clinic by Wendy Simonds (1996); ISBN: 0813522455; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813522455/icongroupinterna

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Abortion before Birth Control: The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Japan. by Tiana Norgren, Christiana A. E. Norgren; ISBN: 0691070059; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691070059/icongroupinterna

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Abortion Controversy: 25 Years After Roe vs. Wade, A Reader [ABRIDGED] by Louis P. Pojman (Editor), Francis Beckwith (Editor); ISBN: 0534557643; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0534557643/icongroupinterna

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Abortion Counseling and Social Change from Illegal Act to Medical Practice: The Story of the Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion by Arlene. Carmen; ISBN: 081700579X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/081700579X/icongroupinterna

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Abortion Decisions of the United States Supreme Court: The 1970's (Abortion Decisions Series) by Maureen Harrison (Editor), Steve Gilbert (Editor) (1993); ISBN: 0962801445; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962801445/icongroupinterna

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Abortion Decisions of the United States Supreme Court: The 1980's (Abortion Decisions Series) by Maureen Harrison (Editor), Steve Gilbert (Editor) (1993); ISBN: 0962801453; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962801453/icongroupinterna

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Abortion Decisions of the United States Supreme Court: The 1990's (Abortion Decisions) by Maureen Harrison (Editor), Steve Gilbert (Editor) (1993); ISBN: 0962801461; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962801461/icongroupinterna

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Abortion Dispute and the American System by Gilbert Y. Steiner (Editor) (1983); ISBN: 0815781253; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0815781253/icongroupinterna

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Abortion from the Religious and Moral Perspective: : An Annotated Bibliography _ by George F. Johnston (Author) (2003); ISBN: 0313314020; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313314020/icongroupinterna

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Abortion Handbook: The History, Legal Progress, Practice and Psychology of Abortion by Arthur Frederick Ide (1988); ISBN: 0934659087; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0934659087/icongroupinterna

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Abortion II: Making the Revolution by Lawrence Lader; ISBN: 0807021814; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0807021814/icongroupinterna

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Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy, 1800-1900 by James C. Mohr (1979); ISBN: 0195026160; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195026160/icongroupinterna

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Abortion in Judaism by Daniel Schiff (Author) (2002); ISBN: 0521521661; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521521661/icongroupinterna

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Abortion in the Ancient World (Duckworth Classical Essays) by Konstantinos Kapparis (2003); ISBN: 0715630806; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0715630806/icongroupinterna

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Abortion in the New Europe by Bill Rolston (Author), Anna Eggert (Author) (1994); ISBN: 0313287236; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313287236/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Is Not a Sin by Kent B. Welton (2002); ISBN: 0944361005; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0944361005/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Law and Politics Today by Ellie Lee (Editor) (1998); ISBN: 0312215746; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0312215746/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Politics in American States by Mary C. Segers (Editor), Timothy A. Byrnes (Editor) (1994); ISBN: 1563244500; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1563244500/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Politics in the Federal Courts: Right Versus Right by Barbara M. Yarnold (Author) (1995); ISBN: 0275952916; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0275952916/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Politics in the United States and Canada by Ted G. Jelen (Author), Marthe A. Chandler (Author) (1994); ISBN: 0275945618; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0275945618/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Politics, Women's Movements, and the Democratic State: A Comparative Study of State Feminism (Gender and Politics Series) by Dorothy McBride Stetson (Editor) (2002); ISBN: 0199242666; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0199242666/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Politics: Private Morality and Public Policy by Frederick S. Jaffe, et al; ISBN: 0070321892; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0070321892/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Politics: Public Policy in Cross-Cultural Perspective by Marianne Githens (Editor), Dorothy M. Stetson (Editor); ISBN: 0415912245; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415912245/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Politics: The Hawaii Experience by Patricia G. Steinhoff (1977); ISBN: 0824804988; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824804988/icongroupinterna

Books 231

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Abortion Pro Life by Conviction Pro Choice by Default (Item No. Hb673) by Richard Exley (1989); ISBN: 156292673X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/156292673X/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Rates in the United States: The Influence of Opinion and Policy (Suny Series in Health Care Politics and Policy) by Matthew E. Wetstein (1996); ISBN: 0791428486; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0791428486/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Rights and Fetal 'Personhood' by Edd Doerr, James W. Prescott (Editor); ISBN: 0913111260; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0913111260/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Rights As Religious Freedom (Ethics and Action Series) by Peter S. Wenz (1991); ISBN: 0877228582; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0877228582/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Rites: A Social History of Abortion in America by Marvin Olasky, William J. Bennett (Photographer) (1995); ISBN: 0895267233; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0895267233/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Stories: Fiction on Fire by Rick Lawler (Illustrator), David Brin (1992); ISBN: 096243941X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/096243941X/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion the Silent Holocaust by John Powell (1981); ISBN: 0895050633; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0895050633/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Violence & Extremism (Ideas in Conflict Series.) by Gary E. McCuen (Editor) (1997); ISBN: 0865961395; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0865961395/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Wars: A Half Century of Struggle, 1950-2000 by Rickie Solinger (Editor), et al (1998); ISBN: 0520209524; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520209524/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion Without Apology: A Radical History for the 1990's (South End Press Pamphlet, No. 8) by Ninia Baehr (1990); ISBN: 0896083845; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0896083845/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion, an Annotated Indexed Bibliography by Maureen Muldoon (1980); ISBN: 0889469725; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0889469725/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion, Choice, and Contemporary Fiction: The Armageddon of the Maternal Instinct by Judith Wilt (1990); ISBN: 0226901580; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0226901580/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion, Doctors and the Law : Some Aspects of the Legal Regulation of Abortion in England from 1803 to 1982 by John Keown (Author) (2002); ISBN: 0521894131; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521894131/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion, Motherhood, and Mental Health: Medicalizing Reproduction in the Us and Britain (Social Problems and Social Issues) by Ellie Lee (2003); ISBN: 0202306801; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0202306801/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion, Obtained and Denied: Research Approaches by Sidney H. Newman (1971); ISBN: 087834005X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/087834005X/icongroupinterna

232 Abortion

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Abortion, Politics, and the Courts (1987); ISBN: 0313230188; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313230188/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion, Politics, and the Courts: Roe v. Wade and its Aftermath (Contributions in American Studies) by Eva R. Rubin (Author) (1987); ISBN: 0313256144; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313256144/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion, the Development of the Roman Catholic Perspective by John R. Connery; ISBN: 0829402578; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0829402578/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A Biblical Consideration by Sandra Sweeny Silver (2002); ISBN: 0759676542; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0759676542/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A Dialogue by Selmer Bringsjord (1997); ISBN: 0872203662; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0872203662/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A New Generation of Catholic Responses by Stephen J. Heaney (Editor) (1992); ISBN: 0935372350; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0935372350/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A Positive Decision by Patricia Lunneborg (Author) (1992); ISBN: 0897892437; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0897892437/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A Rational Look at an Emotional Issue by R. C., Jr. Sproul; ISBN: 0891093451; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0891093451/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A Reader (Pilgrim Library of Ethics) by Lloyd Steffen (Editor) (1996); ISBN: 0829811176; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0829811176/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues) by Marie Costa, Mariarosa Dalla Costa (1991); ISBN: 087436602X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/087436602X/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: A Serious Issue (Compact Reference) by Mark A. Siegel (Editor), et al (1997); ISBN: 1573020419; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1573020419/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: An Eternal Social and Moral Issue by Margo M. Harris, Information Plus; ISBN: 0787660531; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0787660531/icongroupinterna

•

ABORTION: Applying Objective Reason to the Debate by James J. Campbell; ISBN: 0966989309; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0966989309/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Between Freedom and Necessity by Janet Hadley (1997); ISBN: 1566395062; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1566395062/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Facts and Feelings: A Handbook for Women and the People Who Care About Them by Nada Logan Stotland (1998); ISBN: 0880487402; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0880487402/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Loss and Renewal in the Search for Identity by Eva Pattis Zoja, et al (1997); ISBN: 0415154073; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415154073/icongroupinterna

Books 233

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Abortion: Medical Progress and Social Implication - Symposium No. 115 by CIBA Foundation Symposium (Author); ISBN: 0471910848; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471910848/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Moral and Legal Perspectives by Jay L. Garfield (Editor), Patricia Hennessey (Editor) (1985); ISBN: 0870234412; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0870234412/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: My Choice, God's Grace: Christian Women Tell Their Stories by Anne Eggebroten (Editor) (1994); ISBN: 0932727697; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0932727697/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Opposing Viewpoints (Opposing Viewpoints Series (Unnumbered).) by Tamara L. Roleff (Editor) (1997); ISBN: 1565105052; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565105052/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Opposing Viewpoints (Opposing Viewpoints) by Mary E. Williams (Editor) (2001); ISBN: 0737707771; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0737707771/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: The American Holocaust by Kent Kelly (1980); ISBN: 0960413812; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0960413812/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes by Laurence H. Tribe (1992); ISBN: 0393309568; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393309568/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: The Supreme Court Decisions by Ian Shapiro (Editor), United States Supreme Court; ISBN: 0872202739; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0872202739/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: The Supreme Court Decisions, 1965-2000 by Ian Shapiro (Editor) (2001); ISBN: 0872205797; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0872205797/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Thinking Clearly Versus Feeling Strongly (Woman in History, Vol 130) by Daniel Swensen; ISBN: 0930383222; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0930383222/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Toward an Evangelical Consensus by Paul B. Fowler; ISBN: 0880702036; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0880702036/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Understanding Differences by Daniel Callahan (Editor), Sidney Cornelia Callahan (1984); ISBN: 0306416409; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0306416409/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Whose Right (Debating Matters) (2003); ISBN: 0340857366; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0340857366/icongroupinterna

•

Abortion: Yes or No by John L. Grady (1993); ISBN: 0895551179; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0895551179/icongroupinterna

•

Abortions Second Victim by Pam Koerbel, Pamela J. Koerbel; ISBN: 0896931773; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0896931773/icongroupinterna

•

Achieving an Abortion-Free America by 2001 by Thomas A. Glessner, et al; ISBN: 088070361X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/088070361X/icongroupinterna

•

After Abortion by E. Greenglass (1977); ISBN: 077473034X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/077473034X/icongroupinterna

234 Abortion

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Agenda of the Sexual Revolution: Abortion Contraception Sex Education and Related Evils by K. D. Whitehead; ISBN: 0819908118; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0819908118/icongroupinterna

•

Anti-Abortionist at Large: How to Argue Intelligently About Abortion and Live to Tell About It by Raymond Dennehy (2002); ISBN: 1553693809; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1553693809/icongroupinterna

•

Arguing About Abortion by Lewis M. Schwartz (1993); ISBN: 0534195423; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0534195423/icongroupinterna

•

Articles of Faith: A Frontline History of the Abortion Wars by Cynthia Gorney (2000); ISBN: 0684867478; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0684867478/icongroupinterna

•

Articulating Life's Memory: U.S. Medical Rhetoric About Abortion in the Nineteenth Century by Nathan Stormer (2003); ISBN: 0739104306; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0739104306/icongroupinterna

•

Back Rooms: Voices from the Illegal Abortion Era by Ellen Messer, et al (1994); ISBN: 0879758767; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0879758767/icongroupinterna

•

Battle over Abortion: Seeking a Common Ground (National Issues Forum Series) (1990); ISBN: 0840359373; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0840359373/icongroupinterna

•

Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War by William Saletan; ISBN: 0520086880; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520086880/icongroupinterna

•

Before Roe: Abortion Policy in the States by Rosemary Nossiff; ISBN: 156639810X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/156639810X/icongroupinterna

•

Beggars and Choosers: How the Politics of Choice Shapes Adoption, Abortion, and Welfare in the United States by Rickie Solinger; ISBN: 0809028603; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0809028603/icongroupinterna

•

Between Two Absolutes: Public Opinion and the Politics of Abortion by Elizabeth Adell Cook, et al; ISBN: 0813382874; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813382874/icongroupinterna

•

Beyond Abortion (1993); ISBN: 0940543133; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0940543133/icongroupinterna

•

Beyond Abortion: A Chronicle of Fetal Experimentation by Suzanne M. Rini (1993); ISBN: 0895554879; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0895554879/icongroupinterna

•

Beyond Control: Medical Power and Abortion Law (Law and Social Theory) by Sally Sheldon; ISBN: 0745311687; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745311687/icongroupinterna

•

Beyond Control: Medical Power, Women and Abortion Law by Sally Sheldon; ISBN: 0745311679; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745311679/icongroupinterna

•

Beyond Pro-Life and Pro-Choice: Moral Diversity in the Abortion Debate by Kathy Rudy; ISBN: 080700426X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/080700426X/icongroupinterna

Books 235

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Beyond the Hidden Pain of Abortion (Heart Issues) by Patricia A. Bigliardi; ISBN: 1566160111; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1566160111/icongroupinterna

•

Big Evasion: Abortion the Issue That Wont Go Away by A Collins (1985); ISBN: 0886190606; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0886190606/icongroupinterna

•

Birth Control in Jewish Law: Marital Relations, Contraception, and Abortion As Set Forth in the Classic Texts of Jewish Law by David M. Feldman (1998); ISBN: 0765760584; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0765760584/icongroupinterna

•

Birth or Abortion?: Private Struggles in a Political World by Kate Maloy, Maggie Jones Patterson; ISBN: 0738205885; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0738205885/icongroupinterna

•

Breaking the Abortion Deadlock: From Choice to Consent by Eileen L. McDonagh (1996); ISBN: 0195091426; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195091426/icongroupinterna

•

Breast Cancer : Its Link to Abortion and the Birth Control Pill by Kahlenborn, MD Chris, MD Chris Kahlenborn (2000); ISBN: 0966977734; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0966977734/icongroupinterna

•

Buddhism and Abortion by Damien Keown (Editor), et al (1998); ISBN: 0824821076; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824821076/icongroupinterna

•

Catholics Against the Church: Anti-Abortion Protest in Toronto, 1969-1985 by Michael W. Cuneo (1989); ISBN: 0802067581; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0802067581/icongroupinterna

•

Children's Health: Abortion, Teenage-Menstruation by Tracy Irons-Georges (Editor) (1999); ISBN: 0893569453; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0893569453/icongroupinterna

•

Choice: A Doctor's Experience With the Abortion Dilemma by Don M., Md. Sloan, et al (2002); ISBN: 0717807339; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0717807339/icongroupinterna

•

Choose Life and Not Death (A Primer on Abortion, Euthanasia and Suicide) by William F. Maestri (1986); ISBN: 0818904909; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0818904909/icongroupinterna

•

Closed: 99 Ways to Stop Abortion by Joseph M. Scheidler (1994); ISBN: 0895554933; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0895554933/icongroupinterna

•

Coming to Terms: A Literary Response to Abortion by Lucinda Ebersole, Richard Peabody (Editor) (1995); ISBN: 1565841883; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565841883/icongroupinterna

•

Common Ground on Abortion Clinic Activism by Marilyn Cohen, Karen Swallow Prior; ISBN: 0966849302; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0966849302/icongroupinterna

•

Common Sense About Abortion by Yuda Molk (1992); ISBN: 0963391054; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963391054/icongroupinterna

236 Abortion

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Contest for Constitutional Authority: The Abortion and War Powers Debates by Susan R. Burgess (1992); ISBN: 0700605223; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0700605223/icongroupinterna

•

Contested Lives: The Abortion Debate in an American Community by Faye D. Ginsburg (1998); ISBN: 0520217357; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520217357/icongroupinterna

•

Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance by John M. Riddle (1994); ISBN: 0674168763; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0674168763/icongroupinterna

•

Contraception and Abortion in Nineteenth-Century America (Cornell Paperbacks) by Janet Farrell Brodie (1997); ISBN: 0801484332; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0801484332/icongroupinterna

•

Creation and Abortion: A Study in Moral and Legal Philosophy by Frances Myrna Kamm (1992); ISBN: 0195072847; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195072847/icongroupinterna

•

Cry of the Innocents: Abortion and the Race Towards Judgment by John O. Anderson (1984); ISBN: 0882705865; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0882705865/icongroupinterna

•

Decoding Abortion Rhetoric: Communicating Social Change by Celeste Michelle Condit (1994); ISBN: 0252064038; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0252064038/icongroupinterna

•

Detrimental Effects of Abortion: An Annotated Bibliography With Commentary by Thomas W. Strahan (Editor) (2001); ISBN: 0964895706; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0964895706/icongroupinterna

•

Divided Passions: Public Opinions on Abortion and the Death Penalty (The Northeastern Series on Gender, Crime, and Law) by Kimberly J. Cook (1998); ISBN: 1555533302; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1555533302/icongroupinterna

•

Do Not Lose Hope: Healing the Wounded Heart of Women Who Have Had Abortions by William F., Reverend Maestri (2000); ISBN: 0818908300; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0818908300/icongroupinterna

•

Doctors of Conscience: The Struggle to Provide Abortion Before and After Roe V. Wade by Carole Joffe (1996); ISBN: 0807021016; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0807021016/icongroupinterna

•

Encyclopedia of Abortion in the United States by Louis J. Palmer Jr. ISBN: 0786413867; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0786413867/icongroupinterna

•

Enemies of Choice: The Right-To-Life Movement & Its Threat to Abortion by Andrew Merton (1982); ISBN: 0807004855; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0807004855/icongroupinterna

•

Every Woman Has a Right to Know the Dangers of Legal Abortion by Ann Saltenberger (1984); ISBN: 0940726076; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0940726076/icongroupinterna

•

Eve's Herbs: A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West by John M. Riddle (1999); ISBN: 0674270266; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0674270266/icongroupinterna

Books 237

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Experiencing Abortion: A Weaving of Women's Words (Haworth Innovations in Feminist Studies) by Eve Kushner (1997); ISBN: 1560239026; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560239026/icongroupinterna

•

Feminism Reconsidered: How Women Are Exploited by Abortion by Gail M. Hamilton (Editor) (1996); ISBN: 0965331571; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0965331571/icongroupinterna

•

Feminist Ethics and the Politics of Love: Love and Colonialism in Japan/Women in Protest/Irishness and Abortion/Citizenship in the Private Sphere (Feminist Review , No 60) by Feminist Review Collective (Editor) (1998); ISBN: 0415184215; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415184215/icongroupinterna

•

Forbidden Grief: The Unspoken Pain of Abortion by Theresa Burke, David C. Reardon (2002); ISBN: 0964895781; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0964895781/icongroupinterna

•

Forbidden Questions About Abortion by Kim Atman; ISBN: 0963256467; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963256467/icongroupinterna

•

Forgiven and Set Free: A Post-Abortion Bible Study for Women by Linda Cochrane (1996); ISBN: 080105723X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/080105723X/icongroupinterna

•

From Abortion to Contraception : A Resource to Public Policies and Reproductive Behavior in Central and Eastern Europe from 1917 to the Present by Henry P. David (Author) (1999); ISBN: 0313305870; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313305870/icongroupinterna

•

From Abortion to Reproductive Freedom: Transforming a Movement by Marlene Gerber Fried (Editor) (1990); ISBN: 089608387X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/089608387X/icongroupinterna

•

From Crime to Choice : The Transformation of Abortion in America by Nanette J. Davis (Author) (1985); ISBN: 0313249296; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313249296/icongroupinterna

•

Giving Sorrow Words: Women's Stories of Grief After Abortion by Melinda Tankard Reist; ISBN: 1875989676; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1875989676/icongroupinterna

•

Global Politics of Abortion by Jacobson (1990); ISBN: 0916468984; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0916468984/icongroupinterna

•

Handbook on Abortion; ISBN: 0910728127; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0910728127/icongroupinterna

•

Hard Choices, Lost Voices: How the Abortion Conflict Has Divided America, Distorted Constitutional Rights, and Damaged the Courts by Donald P. Judges (1993); ISBN: 1566630169; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1566630169/icongroupinterna

•

Healing a Fathers Heart: A Post Abortion: A Post-Abortion Bible Study for Men by Linda Cochrane, Kathy Jones (1996); ISBN: 0801057221; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0801057221/icongroupinterna

•

Helping Women Recover from Abortion by Nancy Michels, Nancy Michaels; ISBN: 0871236214; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0871236214/icongroupinterna

238 Abortion

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Her Choice to Heal: Finding Spiritual and Emotional Peace After Abortion by Sydna Masse, Joan Phillips (1998); ISBN: 1564767345; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1564767345/icongroupinterna

•

Hindu Ethics: Purity, Abortion, and Euthanasia (McGill Studies in the History of Religions) by Harold G. Coward, et al (1989); ISBN: 0887067646; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0887067646/icongroupinterna

•

Holy Abortion? a Theological Critique of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice by Michael J. Gorman, Ann Loar Brooks (2003); ISBN: 1592441858; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1592441858/icongroupinterna

•

Hot Potato In The Oven : Essays Concerning Abortion by Chris Lindsay; ISBN: 0968768016; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0968768016/icongroupinterna

•

Ideology and Abortion Policy Politics (1983); ISBN: 003062813X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/003062813X/icongroupinterna

•

If Men Got Pregnant Abortion Would Be a Sacrament! by Helen Forelle (Editor) (1991); ISBN: 1877649120; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1877649120/icongroupinterna

•

In Good Conscience: A Practical, Emotional, and Spiritual Guide to Deciding Whether to Have an Abortion by Anna Runkle; ISBN: 0787941492; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0787941492/icongroupinterna

•

In Necessity and Sorrow: Life and Death in an Abortion Hospital by Magda, Denes; ISBN: 0465032168; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0465032168/icongroupinterna

•

Induced Abortion: A World Review, 1983 by Christopher Tietze (1983); ISBN: 0878340475; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0878340475/icongroupinterna

•

Infections and Abortion (1992); ISBN: 0444016422; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0444016422/icongroupinterna

•

Intended Consequences: Birth Control, Abortion, and the Federal Government in Modern America by Donald T. Critchlow; ISBN: 0195046579; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195046579/icongroupinterna

•

Interests in Abortion: A New Perspective on Foetal Potential and the Abortion Debate (Avebury Series in Philosophy) by Tracie Martin (2000); ISBN: 0754611469; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0754611469/icongroupinterna

•

International Handbook on Abortion by Paul Sachdev (Author) (1988); ISBN: 0313234639; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313234639/icongroupinterna

•

Islamic Ethics of Life: Abortion, War, and Euthanasia (Studies in Comparative Religion (Columbia, S.C.).) by Jonathan E. Brockopp (Editor), Gene Outka (2003); ISBN: 1570034710; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1570034710/icongroupinterna

•

Issues of Life and Death: Abortion, Birth Control, Capital Punishment, Euthanasia by James Norman Dalrymple, Sir. Anderson; ISBN: 0877847215; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0877847215/icongroupinterna

Books 239

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Killing and Saving: Abortion, Hunger, and War by John P. Reeder (1996); ISBN: 0271010290; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0271010290/icongroupinterna

•

Laboratory Diagnosis of Livestock Abortion (Plastic Comb Binding) by Clyde A. Kirkbride (Editor) (1990); ISBN: 0813815932; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813815932/icongroupinterna

•

Legitimate Differences: Interpretation in the Abortion Controversy and Other Public Debates by Georgia Warnke (1999); ISBN: 0520216334; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520216334/icongroupinterna

•

Life a Gift of God: U.S. Church Leaders Speak Out on Abortion (1985); ISBN: 0819844411; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0819844411/icongroupinterna

•

Life in the Balance: Exploring the Abortion Controversy by Robert Wennberg (1985); ISBN: 0802800610; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0802800610/icongroupinterna

•

Life/Choice : The Theory of Just Abortion by Lloyd Steffen (2000); ISBN: 1579102565; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1579102565/icongroupinterna

•

Life's Dominion: An Argument About Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom by Ronald Dworkin, R. M. Dworkin (1994); ISBN: 0679733191; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0679733191/icongroupinterna

•

Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan by William R. Lefleur, William R. La Fleur; ISBN: 0691074054; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691074054/icongroupinterna

•

Live From the Gates of Hell : An Insider's Look at the Anti-Abortion Movement by Jerry Reiter (2000); ISBN: 1573928402; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1573928402/icongroupinterna

•

Living With Your Choice: An Inner Healing for Abortion by Eric Alan Braun, et al (1990); ISBN: 0962526800; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962526800/icongroupinterna

•

Making Abortion Rare: A Healing Strategy for a Divided Nation by David C. Reardon (2002); ISBN: 0964895765; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0964895765/icongroupinterna

•

Marital Relations, Birth Control, and Abortion in Jewish Law by David M. Feldman; ISBN: 0805204385; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0805204385/icongroupinterna

•

Matters of Life and Death: An Adventist Pastor Looks at Abortion, Cloning, Physician-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, Capital Punishment and Other 21st Century Issues the Bible by Reinder Bruinsma (2001); ISBN: 0816318131; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0816318131/icongroupinterna

•

May It Please the Court: Arguments on Abortion/Book and 2 Cassettes by Stephanie Guitton (Editor), Peter Irons (Editor) (1995); ISBN: 1565842235; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565842235/icongroupinterna

•

Men and Abortion: A Path to Healing by C.T. Coyle; ISBN: 1894169875; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1894169875/icongroupinterna

240 Abortion

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Ministering to Abortions Aftermath by Bill Banks, Sue Banks (1983); ISBN: 0892280573; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0892280573/icongroupinterna

•

Moments on Maple Avenue: The Reality of Abortion by Louise Howe (1986); ISBN: 0446340154; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0446340154/icongroupinterna

•

Moral Dilemmas of Feminism: Prostitution, Adultery, and Abortion (Thinking Gender) by Laurie Shrage (1994); ISBN: 0415905516; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415905516/icongroupinterna

•

Moral Question of Abortion by Stephen D. Schwarz; ISBN: 0829406239; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0829406239/icongroupinterna

•

Mother-Love and Abortion: A Legal Interpretation by Robert D. Goldstein; ISBN: 0520060849; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520060849/icongroupinterna

•

New Perspectives on Human Abortion by Thomas W. Hilgers (Author), et al; ISBN: 0313270791; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313270791/icongroupinterna

•

No Choice: Canadian Women Tell Their Stories of Illegal Abortion by Childbirth by Choice Trust; ISBN: 0968379605; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0968379605/icongroupinterna

•

No Neutral Ground?: Abortion Politics in an Age of Absolutes (Dilemmas in American Politics) by Karen O'Connor (1996); ISBN: 0813319463; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813319463/icongroupinterna

•

Not an Easy Choice: A Feminist Re-Examines Abortion by Kathleen McDonnell (1986); ISBN: 0889610894; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0889610894/icongroupinterna

•

Not an Easy Choice: Re-Examining Abortion by Kathleen McDonnell (2003); ISBN: 1896764657; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1896764657/icongroupinterna

•

Not My Own: Abortion and the Marks of the Church by Terry Schlossberg, Elizabeth Rice Achtemeier (1995); ISBN: 0802808751; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0802808751/icongroupinterna

•

Not the Law's Business: An Examination of Homosexuality, Abortion, Prostitution, Narcotics and Gambling in the United States by Gilbert Geis, Saleem A. Shah (2001); ISBN: 0898752418; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0898752418/icongroupinterna

•

One Life: How the U.S. Supreme Court Deliberately Distorted the History, Science and Law of Abortion by William M. Connolly, Esq William M. Connolly (2002); ISBN: 1401037879; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1401037879/icongroupinterna

•

Orphans in Babylon: Abortion in America. Where Are We Now? How Did We Get Here? Where Should We Be? How Can We Get There? by Roger Domingo; ISBN: 0966854101; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0966854101/icongroupinterna

•

Our Choices, Our Lives: Unapologetic Writings on Abortion by Krista Jacob (Editor) (2002); ISBN: 0595230016; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0595230016/icongroupinterna

Books 241

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Our Choices: Women's Personal Decisions About Abortion (Haworth Innovations in Feminist Studies) by Sumi Hoshiko, Norma McCorvey (1993); ISBN: 1560230258; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560230258/icongroupinterna

•

Perspectives on Abortion by Paul Sachdev (Editor) (1984); ISBN: 081081708X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/081081708X/icongroupinterna

•

Politically Correct Death: Answering the Arguments for Abortion Rights by Francis J. Beckwith; ISBN: 0801010500; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0801010500/icongroupinterna

•

Post-Abortion Aftermath: A Comprehensive Consideration: Writings Generated by Various Experts at a "Post-Abortion Summit Conference" by Michael T. Mannion (Editor) (1994); ISBN: 1556127081; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1556127081/icongroupinterna

•

Post-Abortion Trauma: Nine Steps to Recovery by Jeanette Vought; ISBN: 0310536413; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0310536413/icongroupinterna

•

Pregnancy and Abortion Counselling by Joanna Brien (Contributor), Ida Fairbairn (1996); ISBN: 0415120101; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415120101/icongroupinterna

•

Pregnant and Blown Off: When Abortion Is Not an Option by Sheila E. Schmidt (2001); ISBN: 1588518787; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1588518787/icongroupinterna

•

Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion (The Rock Carling Fellowship; 1975) by Harry Harris (1975); ISBN: 0674700805; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0674700805/icongroupinterna

•

Press and Abortion by Marvin N. Olasky (1989); ISBN: 0805801995; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0805801995/icongroupinterna

•

Problem of Abortion by Susan Dwyer (Editor), Joel Feinberg (Editor); ISBN: 0534505147; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0534505147/icongroupinterna

•

Pro-Choice and Anti-Abortion : Constitutional Theory and Public Policy by James R. Bowers (Author) (1997); ISBN: 0275959643; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0275959643/icongroupinterna

•

Pro-Choice Vs. Pro-Life: Abortion and the Courts in Canada by F. L. Morton (1993); ISBN: 0806125225; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0806125225/icongroupinterna

•

Proclaiming the Pro-Life Message: Christian Leaders Address the Abortion Issue by Larry L. Lewis (Editor); ISBN: 0929292847; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0929292847/icongroupinterna

•

Psychiatric Aspects of Abortion (Issues in Psychiatry) by Nada L. Statland (Editor) (1991); ISBN: 0880484519; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0880484519/icongroupinterna

•

Psychological and Medical Aspects of Induced Abortion : A Selective, Annotated Bibliography, 1970-1986 by Eugenia B. Winter (Author) (1988); ISBN: 0313261008; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313261008/icongroupinterna

•

Psychological Aspects of Abortion (1979); ISBN: 0890932743; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0890932743/icongroupinterna

242 Abortion

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Rachel Weeping: And Other Essays on Abortion by James T. Burtchaell (1991); ISBN: 0919225349; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0919225349/icongroupinterna

•

Rachel's Vineyard: A Psychological and Spiritual Journey of Post-Abortion Healing: A Model for Groups by Theresa Karminski Burke, et al (1995); ISBN: 0818907193; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0818907193/icongroupinterna

•

Real Choices: Listening to Women, Looking for Alternatives to Abortion by Frederica Mathewes-Green, Frederica Mathewes Green (1997); ISBN: 1888212071; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1888212071/icongroupinterna

•

Real Choices: Offering Practical Life-Affirming Alternatives to Abortion by Frederica Mathewes-Green, Frederica Matthewes-Green; ISBN: 0880706783; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0880706783/icongroupinterna

•

Recapturing the Constitution: Race, Religion, and Abortion Reconsidered by Stephen B. Presser (1994); ISBN: 0895264927; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0895264927/icongroupinterna

•

Reforming Sex: The German Movement for Birth Control and Abortion Reform, 19201950 by Atina Grossmann (1997); ISBN: 0195121244; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195121244/icongroupinterna

•

Religious Violence and Abortion: The Gideon Project by Dallas A. Blanchard, Terry J. Prewitt (Contributor) (1993); ISBN: 0813011949; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813011949/icongroupinterna

•

Rethinking Abortion by Mark A. Graber; ISBN: 0691005273; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691005273/icongroupinterna

•

Re-Thinking Abortion: Psychology, Gender, Power, and the Law (Women and Psychology) by Mary Boyle (1997); ISBN: 041516365X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/041516365X/icongroupinterna

•

Revenge of the Lawn, The Abortion, So the Wind Won't Blow It All Away by Richard Brautigan (Author) (1995); ISBN: 0395706742; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0395706742/icongroupinterna

•

Rights and Wrongs of Abortion by Marshall Cohen (Editor), et al; ISBN: 0691019797; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691019797/icongroupinterna

•

Roe V. Wade: Abortion and the Supreme Court (Famous Trials) by Deborah S. Romaine; ISBN: 1560062746; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560062746/icongroupinterna

•

Roe V. Wade: The Abortion Question (Landmark Supreme Court Cases) by D. J. Herda; ISBN: 0894904590; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0894904590/icongroupinterna

•

Roe V. Wade: The Abortion Rights Controversy in American History (Landmark Law Cases and American Society) by N. E. H. Hull, Peter Charles Hoffer (2001); ISBN: 0700611436; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0700611436/icongroupinterna

•

Ru486: The Pill That Could End the Abortion Wars and Why American Women Don't Have It by Lawrence Lader; ISBN: 0201608197; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0201608197/icongroupinterna

Books 243

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Sacred Choices: The Right to Contraception and Abortion in Ten World Religions (Sacred Energies Series) by Daniel C. Maguire (2001); ISBN: 0800634330; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0800634330/icongroupinterna

•

Sacred Rights: The Case for Contraception and Abortion in World Religions by Daniel C. Maguire (Editor) (2003); ISBN: 0195160010; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195160010/icongroupinterna

•

Scandalous Lady: The Life and Times of Madame Restell: New York's Most Notorious Abortionist by Allan. Keller; ISBN: 0689112130; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0689112130/icongroupinterna

•

Sex and the State : Abortion, Divorce, and the Family under Latin American Dictatorships and Democracies by Mala Htun (Author) (2003); ISBN: 0521008794; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521008794/icongroupinterna

•

Sex, Abortion and Unmarried Women by Paul Sachdev (Author) (1993); ISBN: 031324071X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/031324071X/icongroupinterna

•

Shaping Abortion Discourse : Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States by Myra Marx Ferree (Author), et al (2002); ISBN: 052179384X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/052179384X/icongroupinterna

•

Shaping Constitutional Values: Elected Government, the Supreme Court, and the Abortion Debate (Interpreting American Politics) by Neal Devins (1996); ISBN: 0801852854; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0801852854/icongroupinterna

•

Sharing Responsibility: Women, Society & Abortion Worldwide; ISBN: 093925347X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/093925347X/icongroupinterna

•

Should Abortion Rights Be Restricted? (At Issue) by Auriana Ojeda (Editor); ISBN: 0737713267; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0737713267/icongroupinterna

•

Slaughter of the Innocents: Abortion, Birth Control, and Divorce in Light of Science, Law and Theology by John Warwick Montgomery (1981); ISBN: 0891072160; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0891072160/icongroupinterna

•

Soul Crisis: One Woman's Journey Through Abortion to Renewal by Sue Nathanson; ISBN: 0453006639; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0453006639/icongroupinterna

•

Speaking of Abortion: Television and Authority in the Lives of Women (Morality and Society) by Elizabeth R. Cole, Andrea Lee Press (1999); ISBN: 0226680312; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0226680312/icongroupinterna

•

Spirit Child: Healing the Wound of Abortion by Isabella Kirton; ISBN: 1899171126; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1899171126/icongroupinterna

•

Split Decision-A True Story of Abortion by Leonard A. Sharkey (1997); ISBN: 1563150476; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1563150476/icongroupinterna

•

Splitting the Baby: The Culture of Abortion in Literature and Law, Rhetoric and Cartoons (Eruptions, V. 20) by Linda S. Myrsiades, Erica McWilliam (Editor) (2003); ISBN: 0820458163; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0820458163/icongroupinterna

244 Abortion

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Supreme Deception: How an Activist Attorney Manipulated the U.S. Supreme Court and Gave Birth to Partial Birth Abortions by Sybil Fletcher Lash; ISBN: 0971883106; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0971883106/icongroupinterna

•

Taking Chances: Abortion and the Decision Not to Contracept by Kristin Luker; ISBN: 0520035941; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520035941/icongroupinterna

•

Targets of Hatred: Anti-Abortion Terrorism by Patricia Baird-Windle, Eleanor J. Bader (2001); ISBN: 0312239254; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0312239254/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Conflict: A Pro/Con Issue (Hot Pro/Con Issues) by Deanne Durrett; ISBN: 0766011933; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0766011933/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Controversy by Louis P. Pojman (1997); ISBN: 0534542603; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0534542603/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Controversy (Current Controversies) by Lynette Knapp (Editor) (2001); ISBN: 0737703334; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0737703334/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Controversy : A Documentary History by Eva R. Rubin (Author) (1994); ISBN: 0313284768; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313284768/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Debate in the United States and Canada: A Source Book (Garland Reference Library in the Social Sciences) by Maureen Muldoon (1991); ISBN: 0824052609; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824052609/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Debate in the World Arena by Andrzej Kulczycki; ISBN: 0415922682; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415922682/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Myth: Feminism, Morality, and the Hard Choices Women Make by Leslie Cannold, Rene Denfeld (2001); ISBN: 0819563854; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0819563854/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Question by Hyman Rodman, et al; ISBN: 0231053339; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0231053339/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortion Resource Handbook by K. Kaufmann (1997); ISBN: 0684830760; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0684830760/icongroupinterna

•

The Abortionist: A Woman Against the Law by Rickie Solinger (1996); ISBN: 0520204026; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520204026/icongroupinterna

•

The Ambivalence of Abortion by Linda Bird Francke; ISBN: 0440301793; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0440301793/icongroupinterna

•

The Anti-Abortion Movement and the Rise of the Religious Right: From Polite to Fiery Protest (Social Movements Past and Present Series) by Dallas A. Blanchard (1994); ISBN: 0805738711; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0805738711/icongroupinterna

•

The Bedroom & the State: The Changing Practices & Politics of Contraception & Abortion in Canada, 1880-1996 by Angus McLaren, Arlene Tigar McLaren; ISBN:

Books 245

0195413180; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195413180/icongroupinterna •

The Choice I Made: A Week in the Life of a Young Woman Who Chose an Abortion by Maria Felicia Kelley (1997); ISBN: 0965091805; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0965091805/icongroupinterna

•

The Choices We Made: Twenty-Five Women and Men Speak Out About Abortion by Angela Bonavoglia (Editor), Gloria Steinem; ISBN: 1568581882; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1568581882/icongroupinterna

•

The Court Versus Congress: Prayer, Busing, and Abortion by Edward Keynes, Randall K. Miller (1989); ISBN: 0822309688; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0822309688/icongroupinterna

•

The Ethics of Abortion (At Issue) by Jennifer A. Hurley (Editor); ISBN: 0737704705; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0737704705/icongroupinterna

•

The Ethics of Abortion : Pro-Life Vs. Pro-Choice (Contemporary Issues) by Robert M. Baird (Editor), Stuart E. Rosenbaum (Editor) (2001); ISBN: 1573928763; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1573928763/icongroupinterna

•

The Facts of Life: Science and the Abortion Controversy by Harold J. Morowitz, James S. Trefil (1994); ISBN: 0195090462; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195090462/icongroupinterna

•

The Hand of God: A Journey from Death to Life by the Abortion Doctor Who Changed His Mind by Bernard N. Nathanson (2001); ISBN: 089526174X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/089526174X/icongroupinterna

•

The Haunting Fetus: Abortion, Sexuality, and the Spirit World in Taiwan by Marc L. Moskowitz (2001); ISBN: 0824824288; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824824288/icongroupinterna

•

The Healing Choice: Your Guide to Emotional Recovery After an Abortion by Candace, Phd De Puy, Dana Dovitch (Contributor) (1997); ISBN: 0684831961; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0684831961/icongroupinterna

•

The House of Atreus : Abortion as a Human Rights Issue by James F. Bohan (Author) (1999); ISBN: 0275962822; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0275962822/icongroupinterna

•

The Imaginary Domain: Abortion, Pornography & Sexual Harassment by Drucilla Cornell (1995); ISBN: 0415911605; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415911605/icongroupinterna

•

The Issue of Abortion in America by Robert Cavalier, et al; ISBN: 0415184495; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0415184495/icongroupinterna

•

The Jericho Plan: Breaking Down the Walls Which Prevent Post-Abortion Healing by David C. Reardon (Contributor), et al; ISBN: 0964895757; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0964895757/icongroupinterna

•

The Morality of Abortion: Legal and Historical Perspectives by J. Newman, John T. Noonan; ISBN: 0674587278; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0674587278/icongroupinterna

•

The New Civil War: The Psychology, Culture, and Politics of Abortion (Psychology of Women) by Linda J. Beckman (Editor), S. Marie Harvey (Editor) (1998); ISBN:

246 Abortion

1557985170; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1557985170/icongroupinterna •

The Politics of Abortion by Raymond Tatalovich (1982); ISBN: 0030580366; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0030580366/icongroupinterna

•

The Politics of Abortion by Janine Brodie, et al (1992); ISBN: 0195408667; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195408667/icongroupinterna

•

The Politics of Abortion and Birth Control in Historical Perspective (Issues in Policy History, No 5) by Donald T. Critchlow (Editor) (1996); ISBN: 0271015705; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0271015705/icongroupinterna

•

The Politics of Abortion in the United States and Canada: A Comparative Study (Comparative Politics) by Raymond Tatalovich, Raymond Tatlovich (1996); ISBN: 1563244187; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1563244187/icongroupinterna

•

The Politics of Fertility Control: Family Planning & Abortion Policies in the American States by Deborah R. McFarlane, Kenneth J. Meier; ISBN: 1889119393; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1889119393/icongroupinterna

•

The Politics of Virtue: Is Abortion Debatable? by Elizabeth Mensch, Alan Freeman (1993); ISBN: 0822313316; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0822313316/icongroupinterna

•

The Pro-Choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict by Suzanne Staggenborg (1994); ISBN: 0195089251; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195089251/icongroupinterna

•

The Pro-Choice Victory Handbook: Strategies for Keeping Your Abortion Rights by Craig Chilton (1992); ISBN: 0963124803; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963124803/icongroupinterna

•

The Right to Life: The Eastern Orthodox Perspective on Abortion by Dumitru Macaila (2002); ISBN: 1928653057; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1928653057/icongroupinterna

•

The Roots of Racism and Abortion by John Cavanaugh-O'Keefe; ISBN: 0738830887; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0738830887/icongroupinterna

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The Sacrament of Abortion by Ginette Paris, et al; ISBN: 0882143522; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0882143522/icongroupinterna

•

The Scarlet Lady: Confessions of a Successful Abortionist by Carol Everett, Jack Shaw; ISBN: 1561210730; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1561210730/icongroupinterna

•

The Sociocultural and Political Aspects of Abortion : Global Perspectives by Alaka Malwade Basu (Author) (2003); ISBN: 0275977285; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0275977285/icongroupinterna

•

The Story of Jane: The Legendary Underground Feminist Abortion Service by Laura Kaplan; ISBN: 0679420126; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0679420126/icongroupinterna

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The Supreme Court and Legal Change: Abortion and the Death Penalty (Thornton H. Brooks Series in American Law and Society) by Lee Epstein, et al (1992); ISBN: 0807843849; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0807843849/icongroupinterna

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The Unaborted Socrates: A Dramatic Debate on the Issues Surrounding Abortion by Peter Kreeft (1983); ISBN: 0877848106; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0877848106/icongroupinterna

•

The Wading Pool: On Abortion How to Move Beyond Controversy by Dave Eagle (1992); ISBN: 0963239570; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963239570/icongroupinterna

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The Wickedest Woman in New York: Madame Restell, the Abortionist by Clifford Browder; ISBN: 0208021833; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0208021833/icongroupinterna

•

The Worst of Times: Illegal Abortion: Survivors, Practitioners, Coroners, Cops and Children of Women Who Died Talk About Its Horrors by Patricia G. Miller; ISBN: 0060190345; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0060190345/icongroupinterna

•

Three Approaches to Abortion: A Thoughtful and Compassionate Guide to Today's Most Controversial Issue by Peter Kreeft (2002); ISBN: 0898709156; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0898709156/icongroupinterna

•

Toward Better Problems: New Perspectives on Abortion, Animal Rights, the Environment and Justice (Ethics and Action Series) by Anthony Weston (1992); ISBN: 0877229481; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0877229481/icongroupinterna

•

Unalienable Rights: Why the Federal Government is Required to Stop Abortion. by Michael J. Shurance (2003); ISBN: 0972360972; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0972360972/icongroupinterna

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Understanding Abortion- New Edition by Mary Pipes; ISBN: 0704344807; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0704344807/icongroupinterna

•

Unspeakable Losses : Healing From Miscarriage, Abortion, And Other Pregnancy Loss by Kim Kluger-Bell (Author); ISBN: 068817390X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/068817390X/icongroupinterna

•

Victimless Crime?: Prostitution, Drugs, Homosexuality, and Abortion (The Roxbury Series in Crime, Justice, and Law) by Robert F. Meier, Gilbert Geis (1997); ISBN: 0935732462; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0935732462/icongroupinterna

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What I Told My Daughters About Abortion by Lorayne Ray (2003); ISBN: 0971844909; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0971844909/icongroupinterna

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When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 18671973 by Leslie J. Reagan (1998); ISBN: 0520216571; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520216571/icongroupinterna

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When Does Life Begin and 39 Other Tough Questions About Abortion by Ankerberg, et al; ISBN: 1561210145; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1561210145/icongroupinterna

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When Life and Choice Collide: Essays on Rhetoric and Abortion: To Set the Dawn Free (Words in Conflict Series) by David Mall (Editor) (1993); ISBN: 0960841024; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0960841024/icongroupinterna

•

Who Broke the Baby? What the Abortion Slogans Really Mean by Jean Staker Garton; ISBN: 0764220500; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0764220500/icongroupinterna

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Why Can't We Love Them Both : Questions and Answers on Abortion by J. C. Wilke, Mrs Wilke; ISBN: 0910728216; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0910728216/icongroupinterna

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Why I Am an Abortion Doctor by Suzanne T. Poppema, et al (1996); ISBN: 1573920452; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1573920452/icongroupinterna

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Women Behind Bars : Chile's Abortion Laws by The Center for Reproductive Law and Policy, et al; ISBN: 1890671150; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1890671150/icongroupinterna

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Women, Society, the State, and Abortion : A Structuralist Analysis by Patrick J. Sheeran (Author) (1987); ISBN: 027592744X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/027592744X/icongroupinterna

•

Women's Health After Abortion: The Medical and Psychological Evidence by Elizabeth Ring-Cassidy, Ian Gentles (2002); ISBN: 0920453228; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0920453228/icongroupinterna

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Wrath of Angels: The American Abortion War by Jim Risen, et al; ISBN: 0465092721; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0465092721/icongroupinterna

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You Aren't Alone: The Voices of Abortion by Peggy Kirk; ISBN: 1577331133; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1577331133/icongroupinterna

The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:11 •

A study of abortion in primitive societies; a typological, distributional, and dynamic analysis of the prevention of birth in 400 preindustrial societies. Author: Devereux, George,; Year: 1965; New York, Julian Press [c1955]

•

Abortion and the law. Author: Dickens, Bernard M.; Year: 1961; [London] MacGibbon; Kee [c1966]

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Abortion and the law. Essays by B. James George, Jr. [et al.]. Author: Smith, David T.; Year: 1964; Cleveland, The Press of Western Reserve Univ., 1967

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Abortion diseases of livestock. Edited by Lloyd C. Faulkner. Author: Faulkner, Lloyd C.; Year: 1964; Springfield, Ill., Thomas [c1968]

•

Abortion in Britain. Proceedings of a conference held by the Family Planning Association at the University of London Union on 22 April 1966. Author: Family

11 In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.

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Planning Association (Great Britain); Year: 2003; London, Pitman Medical Pub. Co. [1966] •

Abortion: murder or mercy? as told to Margaret Witte Moore. Author: Moore, Margaret Witte.; Year: 1966; Greenwich, Conn., Fawcett Publications [c1962]

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Abortion; an ethical discussion. Author: Church of England. Board for Social Responsibility.; Year: 1858; [London] Church Information Office, 1965

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An annotated bibliography of induced abortion. Author: Geijerstam, Gunnar af.; Year: 1967; Ann Arbor, Center for Population Planning, Univ. of Michigan [c1969]

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Chromosome studies on spontaneous abortions. Author: Larson, Stephen Lawrence,; Year: 1964; [Minneapolis] 1968

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Crimes without victims; deviant behavior and public policy: abortion, homosexuality, drug addiction. Author: Schur, Edwin M.; Year: 2002; Englewood Cliffs, N. J., PrenticeHall [c1965]

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Epidemiology of early pregnancy wastage; biological and social correlates of abortion. An investigation based on materials collected within Uppsala county, Sweden. Statistical advisor: Gunnar Eklund. Author: Pettersson, Folke.; Year: 1963; [Stockholm] Svenska Bokförlaget [1968]

•

Harmful effects of induced abortion; reports of studies conducted by the subcommittee on the Study of Induced Abortion, Medical Committee, Family Planning Federation of Japan. Author: Nippon Kazoku Keikaku Renmei.; Year: 1966; [Tokyo] 1966

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Induced abortion and sterilization as methods of fertility control. Author: Tietze, Christopher,; Year: 2002; New York [1965]

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Late, induced abortions Author: Etiske råd (Denmark).; Year: 1964; Copenhagen: The Council, 1997; ISBN: 8790343506

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Memorandum on therapeutic abortion, June 1966. Author: Royal Medico-psychological Association.; Year: 1965; [London] 1966

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On legal abortion in Sweden; tentative evaluation of justification of frequency during last decade. Author: Arén, Per,; Year: 1958; Lund, 1958

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Septic abortion, with a chapter on pathology of septic abortion by Bernard Czernobilsky. Author: Schwarz, Richard H.; Year: 1966; Philadelphia, Lippincott [1968]

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The Abortion act 1967; proceedings of a symposium held by the Medical Protection Society, in collaboration with the Royal College of General Practitioners, at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, 7 February 1969. Author: Medical Protection Society (England); Year: 1952; London, Pitman [1969]; ISBN: 272793345

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The abortion decision. Author: Granfield, David.; Year: 1963; Garden City, N. Y. Doubleday, 1969

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The case for legalized abortion now. Author: Guttmacher, Alan Frank,; Year: 1965; Berkeley, Calif., Diablo Press [c1967]

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The nameless; abortion in Britain today. Author: Ferris, Paul,; Year: 1964; [Harmondsworth] Penguin Books [c1967]

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Therapeutic abortion: medical, psychiatric, legal, anthropological and religious considerations. Author: Rosen, Harold,; Year: 1965; New York, Julian Press, 1954

•

When should abortion be legal? By Harriet F. Pilpel and Kenneth P. Norwick. Author: Pilpel, Harriet F.; Year: 1964; New York, Public Affairs Committee, 1969]

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Chapters on Abortion In order to find chapters that specifically relate to abortion, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and abortion using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on abortion: •

Smoking and Spontaneous Abortion Source: in Smoking and Reproductive Health. Rosenberg, M.J. ed. Littleton, MA, PSG Publishing Company, Inc., pp. 75-80, 1987. Contact: PSG Publishing Company, Inc., Littleton, MA. No longer available. Summary: Smoking and Spontaneous Abortion, a chapter in Smoking and Reproductive Health, presents a review of the literature on the topic of smoking and spontaneous abortion. Over 40 years ago, researchers linked smoking to spontaneous abortion, both in humans and animals, but the association aroused little interest for 20 more years. In the past decade, five research groups (three in the United States and two in Scandinavia) have investigated the relationship between smoking and spontaneous abortion, taking into account potential confounding variables. Researchers have examined (1) smoking and unwanted pregnancy, (2) smoking in women with spontaneous abortion and women delivering after 28 weeks' gestation, (3) smoking and spontaneous abortion in female health workers, (4) smoking risks at different periods of gestation, and (5) the effects of alcohol and smoking on spontaneous abortion. A review of the effects of smoking on pregnancy outcomes suggests that some of the causes of excess fetal deaths in smokers may arise through the same mechanisms as those that lead to low birth weight or perinatal mortality. Possible mechanisms include chronic or acute oxygen deprivation resulting from increased carboxyhemoglobin levels or placental abruptio or from the umbilical or amniotic infections that occur more frequently in smokers. Decreased placental blood flow and interference with the cellular enzymes involved in oxygen transfer due to smoking may also cause fetal hypoxia. A review of studies conducted in developed countries indicates that smokers experience 1.2 to 1.8 times as many spontaneous abortions as nonsmokers. In other countries, where people use different forms of tobacco and smoke other plants, the relative risks may differ. Spontaneous abortion occurs around 12 percent to 15 percent of all pregnancies. Therefore, the added risk to smokers means that they will experience between 2.5 percent to 10 percent more miscarriages per 100 pregnancies than nonsmokers.

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CHAPTER 8. MULTIMEDIA ON ABORTION Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on abortion. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.

Video Recordings An excellent source of multimedia information on abortion is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to “Videorecording” and “abortion” using the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find video productions, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Videorecording (videotape, videocassette, etc.).” Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for video recordings on abortion: •

Teens and Chastity: Public School Program Contact: Easton Publishing Company Incorporated, PO Box 1064, Jefferson City, MO, 65102, (888) 635-0609, http://www.eastonpublishing.com. The Center for Learning, PO Box 910, Villa Maria, PA, 16155, (800) 767-9090. Summary: This video, for adolescents, promotes sexual abstinence. It examines the physical and emotional consequences of sex, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); it provides statistics showing the incidence rates of pregnancy, STDs, abortion, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among adolescents; it reviews the effectiveness of condoms against pregnancy and STDs; it defines sexual abstinence; and it makes recommendations on dealing with peer pressure. The video highlights the physical and emotional benefits of sexual abstinence and outlines a plan to help teens remain sexually abstinent.

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Audio Recordings The Combined Health Information Database contains abstracts on audio productions. To search CHID, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find audio productions, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Sound Recordings.” Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for sound recordings on abortion: •

Ethics - Contributed Paper Session: 90th Annual Meeting of the Medical Library Association; Detroit, MI, May 18-24, 1990 Summary: This sound recording contains a workshop of three papers that examine professional ethics for the library/information provider in a medical setting. The first presenter discusses the guidelines that have been implemented at Englewood Hospital for the provision of patient and consumer information. In this case, the procedure had been one whereby the patient's doctor had to be notified before any library information was released to the individual. The second presenter discusses the role of personal and social ethics on a library's responsibility. Using the examples of AIDS and abortion, the speaker illustrates her view of the medical library responding to social issues as an advocate, by presenting information from many sources that explores the controversial issues. The final presenter examines the ethics of provision of different levels of services to different audiences. She begins with a discussion of the causes of these discrepancies, and then provides suggestions for solutions.

•

Substance Use: National Conference on Women and AIDS/HIV Infection, Washington, D.C., December 12 - 13, 1990 Contact: Triad Media Group, PO Box 778, Frederick, MD, 21701, (301) 663-1471. Summary: This sound recording is a panel discussion of substance abuse and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women. The first speaker discusses the need to reach women who are not in formal drug treatment programs. Women may avoid such programs for fear of losing custody of children or being encouraged to have an abortion if they are pregnant. Sex partners of these women may also be drug and/or alcohol abusers. The second speaker explains methods and purposes of seroprevalence studies. Drug use is a major factor in HIV transmission. The third speaker analyzes behavioral factors which distinguish seropositive from seronegative women. These include elimination of IV-needle sharing, cleaning needles, and changes in sexual practices. This speaker stresses the need for women to have a barrier method that they can control. The fourth speaker examines IV-drug use and crack cocaine use by women who came to a clinic for Sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) in the Bronx. The fifth speaker deals with the differences in the progression of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in men and women, and the gynecological problems it can cause.

Bibliography: Multimedia on Abortion The National Library of Medicine is a rich source of information on healthcare-related multimedia productions including slides, computer software, and databases. To access the multimedia database, go to the following Web site: http://locatorplus.gov/. Select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once in the search area, simply type in abortion (or synonyms). Then, in the option box provided below the search box, select “Audiovisuals and Computer Files.”

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From there, you can choose to sort results by publication date, author, or relevance. The following multimedia has been indexed on abortion (for more information, follow the hyperlink indicated): •

Abortion: is there still an ethical problem [videorecording] Source: UCLA School of Medicine; Year: 1975; Format: Videorecording; Los Angeles: Univ. of California: [for sale by its Instructional Media Library], 1975

•

Abortion [filmstrip] Source: Medical Electronic Educational Services, Western Wisconsin Technical Institute; Year: 1975; Format: Filmstrip; La Crosse, Wisc.: The Institute, c1975

•

Abortion [videorecording] Source: Dept. of Psychology and the Office of Telecourses, Continuing Education, University of Washington; Year: 1975; Format: Videorecording; [Seattle]: The University: [for loan or sale by University of Washington Press, 1975]

•

Abortion clinic [videorecording] Source: KCTS... [et al.]; a production of Obenhaus Films for Frontline; Year: 1983; Format: Videorecording; [Boston, Mass.]: WGBH Educational Foundation, c1983

•

Abortion in adolescence [videorecording] Source: presented by the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, School of Medicine; Year: 1983; Format: Videorecording; Atlanta, Ga.: Emory Medical Television Network, 1983

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Aspiration abortion without cervical dilatation [motion picture] Source: Alan J. Margolis, Safja Goldsmith; Year: 1971; Format: Motion picture; [San Francisco: University of California; Seattle, Wash.: for loan and sale by Population Dynamics, 1971]

•

Clinical evaluation of prostaglandin F2 [Alpha] for midtrimester abortions [videorecording] Source: Academy of Health Sciences; Year: 1975; Format: Alpha; Fort Sam Houston, Tex.: The Academy: [for loan by its Health Sciences Media Division, 1975]

•

Down's syndrome [slide]: amniocentesis and abortion Source: co-authored by Garrett E. Bergman, John H. Sorenson; produced by the Medical College of Pennsylvania, Office of Medical Education, Audiovisual Section; Year: 1978; Format: Slide; [Philadelphia]: The Section, c1978

•

Genetics of spontaneous abortion [videorecording]: heritable aspects of common gynecological disorders Source: Academy of Health Sciences; Year: 1975; Format: Videorecording; Fort Sam Houston, Tex.: The Academy; [for loan by its Health Sciences Media Division, 1975]

•

Janet's abortion [motion picture] Source: filmmaker, Howard Harrelson; [produced by] Image Engineering; Year: 1976; Format: Motion picture; [S.l.]: Image Engineering, c1976

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Laminaria digitala in prostaglandin f2 [alpha] - urea abortions [videorecording]: a prospective randomized study Source: Academy of Health Sciences; Year: 1975; Format: Alpha; Fort Sam Houston, Tex.: The Academy: [for sale by its Health Sciences Media Division, 1975]

•

Science held hostage [videorecording]: RU 486 and the politics of abortion Source: produced by the Women's Issues Network Foundation; a co-production of Glen Pearcy Productions and Rohrer Film and Video, Inc; Year: 1992; Format: Videorecording; Chicago, IL: Women's Issues Network Foundation, c1992

•

Should abortions be legal? [sound recording]: Bella Abzug vs. Ann Toland Serb. Year: 1977; Format: Sound recording; Minneapolis: Greenhaven Press, c1977

•

Spontaneous abortion [slide] Source: Nuffield Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford and United Oxford Hospitals; Year: 1976; Format: Slide; Oxford, Eng.: The University; [Wallingford, Conn.: PreTest Service], p1976

254 Abortion

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Spontaneous abortion [slide] Source: Steering Committee for Cooperative Teaching, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Year: 1978; Format: Slide; Washington: National Audiovisual Center, 1978

•

The Question of abortion and contraception [sound recording] Source: Association for Clinical Pastoral Education, E. J. Meyer Memorial Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo; Year: 1975; Format: Sound recording; Buffalo: Communications in Learning, [1975]

•

The Training program for counselors in abortion clinics [videorecording] Source: Preterm Institute; Year: 1976; Format: Videorecording; Newton, Mass.: The Institute; [Spring Valley, N. Y.: for loan or sale by Blue Hill Educational Systems], 1975-1976

•

Viewpoint: the nurse and abortion [filmstrip] Source: Concept Media; Year: 1974; Format: Filmstrip; [Costa Mesa, Calif.]: Concept Media, c1974

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Women who have had an abortion [videorecording] Source: Martha Stuart Communications; Year: 1974; Format: Videorecording; Scarsdale, N.Y.: Campus Film Distributors, [1974]

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CHAPTER 9. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ABORTION Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover abortion.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on abortion is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to abortion. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “abortion” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for abortion: •

Spontaneous but not induced abortion may increase risk of breast cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 01, 2003 http://www.reutershealth.com/archive/2003/08/01/professional/links/20030801epid 001.html

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•

British agency seeks to pilot home abortions Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 28, 2003

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British agency seeks pilot study of home abortions Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: July 28, 2003

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Top court rejects appeal by abortion opponents Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: June 27, 2003

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Insults and eggs greet abortion ship in Polish port Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: June 23, 2003

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Abortion ship heads for controversial Polish visit Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: June 20, 2003

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'Roe' seeks to overturn U.S. abortion law Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 18, 2003

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'Roe' seeks to overturn abortion law Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: June 18, 2003

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House passes ban on abortion procedure Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 06, 2003

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Abortion pill protects brain cells in mice Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: June 04, 2003

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Congress blocks changes to military abortion policy Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: May 23, 2003

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Infertility therapy not linked to increased risk of spontaneous abortion Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 08, 2003

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Abortion opponents hope Peterson murder will boost federal bill Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 07, 2003

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U.S. House set to debate abortion procedure ban Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 26, 2003

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U.S. Senate backs 'partial birth' abortion ban Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 13, 2003

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Senate poised to back ban on "partial birth abortions" Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 13, 2003

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Abortion pill increasingly popular in Germany Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 13, 2003

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US Senate defeats 'late term' abortion proposal Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 12, 2003

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U.S. Senate turns back women's health package amendment to abortion ban bill Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 12, 2003

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US Senate taking up abortion bill again Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 10, 2003

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US Senate takes up abortion bill again Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 10, 2003

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Groups oppose mix of abortion politics, AIDS funds Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: February 28, 2003

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Contrary to earlier findings, welding fumes not linked to spontaneous abortion Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 28, 2003

258 Abortion

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US Supreme Court rules for anti-abortion groups Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: February 26, 2003

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Spontaneous abortion linked with risk of ischaemic heart disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 20, 2003

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Abortion politics could limit effectiveness of Bush AIDS plan Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 20, 2003

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Abortion politics could limit Bush AIDS plan scope Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: February 20, 2003

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"Abortion pill" may also help shrink fibroids Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: January 31, 2003

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Poland seeks EU assurances on anti-abortion laws Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 30, 2003

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Routine chlamydial screening recommended for UK abortion clinic patients Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 17, 2003

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US abortion rate lowest since mid-70s Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 16, 2003

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Abortion rate down but abortion pill more popular Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: January 15, 2003

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History of abortion linked to increased substance abuse in later pregnancies Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 09, 2003

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New York anti-abortion activist charged with murder Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: December 17, 2002

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US high court asks govt. view on anti-abortion case Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: December 16, 2002

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US anti-abortion stand under fire at UN meeting Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: December 16, 2002

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NY anti-abortion militant admits shooting doctor Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: November 20, 2002

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Abortion opponents pick up support in US Congress Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: November 14, 2002

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Trial of abortion drug set to begin in Italy Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: October 29, 2002

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Low plasma folate increases risk of early spontaneous abortion Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 15, 2002

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Abortion rates falling in US, survey finds Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: October 09, 2002

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US House passes bill allowing opt-out on abortion Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: September 25, 2002

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US Congress passes bill allowing opt-out on abortion Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 25, 2002

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Drugmaker says abortion pill sales on the rise Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: September 24, 2002 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by

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date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “abortion” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to abortion, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “abortion” (or synonyms).

Newsletter Articles Use the Combined Health Information Database, and limit your search criteria to “newsletter articles.” Again, you will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter Article.” Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for newsletter articles on abortion:

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•

Smoking Cessation: High Risk Groups (Part 3) Source: Druginform. 21(5):30-33, September-October 2000. Summary: This literature review considers the use of nicotine replacement and other smoking cessation strategies in groups of persons at increased risk of harmful effects resulting from smoking, including those with cardiovascular disease and pregnant and breastfeeding women. Compelling evidence exists that smoking causes between 17 to 30 percent of all deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease in the United States. The risk for coronary artery disease among smokers is dose related and smoking in the presence of other coronary risk factors such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia has a synergistic effect on morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease. Studies indicate nicotine patches are preferred to other forms of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with cardiovascular patients. Nasal sprays should be avoided due to higher blood levels produced. Uneventful NRT use has been documented 2 weeks after acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ventricular arrhythmia, and second-degree or higher AV block. Initial doses for the first 1 to 2 days should besmaller than usual. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with (1) intrauterine growth retardation, (2) increased risk o spontaneous abortion, (3) prematurity, (4) perinatal mortality, and (5) poor postnatal development. In addition to nicotine, the fetus may also be exposed to carbon monoxide and tar products. Currently, most NRT products are not licensed in the United Kingdom for use in pregnancy as safety data are lacking. Some suggest that the benefits of NRT outweigh the risk of smoking for pregnant women, but suggest this method be used only for women unable to stop any other way. Women who smoke during pregnancy are less likely to breast-feed and are more likely to wean their infants earlier. This effect appears to be dose related. Studies controlled for socioeconomic status have confirmed that smokers are more likely to fail at breast feeding than nonsmokers. Little information is available on the use of NRT in breast-feeding mothers, but levels of nicotine in breast milk are lower after NRT than after smoking. NRT products are devoid of tars, carbon monoxide, and respiratory irritants found in cigarettes. 28 references.

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Excerpts From the Placenta: To Know Me Is to Love Me. A Reference Guide for Gross Placental Examination: Maternal Indications for Placental Examination: Smoking Source: AAPA Quarterly Newsletter. Pp. 10-12, Winter 2000. Contact: INTERNET/EMAIL: http://www.pathologistassistants.org/Public_content/2001_NL_winner.pdf. Summary: The author describes the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the pregnancy, placenta, fetus, and neonate. Cigarette smoke contains over 300 toxic substances, including nicotine and carbon monoxide. Smoking reduces the ability of the woman to become pregnant in a dose dependent fashion. Women who smoke are at increased risk for first trimester spontaneous abortion. Maternal smoking causes a decrease in the fetal growth rate and causes a number of cardiorespiratory changes in the fetus, including increased heart rate, decreased fetal heart rate variability, clustered breathing movements, and that an increased chance a nonstress test will be positive. Smoking during pregnancy has been implicated to long-term deficits in mental development during infancy and behavioral problems, such as attention deficit disorder. The risk of meconium aspiration is also increased, along with a risk for mildgrade intracranial hemorrhage in the latter half of pregnancy in infants whose mothers smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day during the pregnancy. The placenta itself may show abruption, placenta extrachorialis, thin umbilical cord, velamentously inserted

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cord, single umbilical artery, chorioamnionitis, fetal stem vessel lesions, large infarcts, and changes associated with placenta previa due to smoking.

Academic Periodicals covering Abortion Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to abortion. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering abortion that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute12: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

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National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

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National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

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National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

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National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

12

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

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National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

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Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

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National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

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Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.13 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:14 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

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HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

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NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

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Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

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Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

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Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

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Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

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Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

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Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

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Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

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MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 14 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html. 13

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Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

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Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The Combined Health Information Database

A comprehensive source of information on clinical guidelines written for professionals is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to one of the following: Brochure/Pamphlet, Fact Sheet, or Information Package, and “abortion” using the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For the publication date, select “All Years.” Select your preferred language and the format option “Fact Sheet.” Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a sample result: •

The politics of blame: Family planning, abortion and the poor Source: New York, NY: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1995. 48 pp. Contact: Available from Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005. Telephone: (212) 248-1111 or (202) 296-4012 Washington, D.C. office / fax: (212) 248-1951; Washington, D.C. office (202) 223-5756 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.agi- usa.org. $20.00; discounts available for bulk orders; prepayment required. Summary: This report examines the reproductive behavior of poor and low income women and the individual and societal consequences of denying these women Medicaid or other insurance coverage for abortions. The report begins by discussing the impact of poverty on women and analyzing the background characteristics of poor and low income women. It then compares rates of contraceptive use, contraceptive failure and non use, and unintended pregnancy among poor, low income, and higher income women. It examines how lower income women resolve an unintended pregnancy and the reasons why those who terminate their pregnancies decide to do so. The report then explores the difficulties faced by poor and low income women, especially those on welfare, in obtaining an abortion in the absence of Medicaid funding. It also looks at the financial implications for the states and the federal government of restoring public funding for abortions for poor women. In conclusion, the report discusses how current proposals to reform the welfare system are unlikely to succeed in reducing adolescent pregnancies and out of wedlock births if Congress continues to ignore the importance of family planning and abortion services for women striving to take control of their lives and lift themselves out of poverty.

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The states and abortion policy: Safety, equal access at stake in the post-Casey abortion debate Source: New York, NY: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1993. 5 pp. Contact: Available from Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005. Telephone: (212) 248-1111 or (202) 296-4012 Washington, D.C. office / fax: (212) 248-1951; Washington, D.C. office (202) 223-5756 / e-mail: [email protected] /

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Web site: http://www.agi- usa.org. Single copies available at no charge; additional copies 40 cents each. Summary: This brief discusses the safety of an abortion since states have passed new legislation restricting abortions and access to abortions following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in the suit, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey. Specific issues such as mandatory waiting periods, parental consent, and the restriction of public funding are examined. There is an insert included that lists the state laws and voter referenda on abortion as of December 1992. •

The cost implications of including abortion coverage under Medicaid Source: New York, NY: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1993. 4 pp. Contact: Available from Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005. Telephone: (212) 248-1111 or (202) 296-4012 Washington, D.C. office / fax: (212) 248-1951; Washington, D.C. office (202) 223-5756 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.agi- usa.org. Single copies available at no charge; additional copies $0.40 each. Summary: This brief examines the cost implications of abortion coverage through Medicaid to both the individuals seeking abortions and federal and state governments. The paper estimates the number of abortions that would be subsidized in each state if Medicaid coverage were assumed. Costs to state and federal government and short-term cost savings from an abortion coverage policy are also estimated.

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Adolescent abortion and mandated parental involvement: The impact of back alley laws on young women Source: Washington, DC: Center for Population Options. 1992. 9 pp. Contact: Available from Karen Haines, Advocates for Youth, 1025 Vermont Avenue, N.W., Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005. Telephone: (202) 347- 5700 / fax: (202) 347-2263 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.advocatesfor youth.org. $4.00 plus 20 percent shipping and handling. Summary: This document provides information about abortion laws regarding parental notification and consent, waiting periods, and judicial bypass. It also summarizes U.S. Supreme Court rulings on parental consent and notification and the abortion laws for adolescents in each of the fifty states.

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Our daughters' decisions: The conflict in state law on abortion and other issues Source: New York, NY: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1992. 35 pp. Contact: Available from Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005. Telephone: (212) 248-1111 or (202) 296-4012 Washington, D.C. office / fax: (212) 248-1951; Washington, D.C. office (202) 223-5756 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.agi- usa.org. Summary: To examine whether states should require parents to be involved in their daughter's decision about abortion, the Alan Guttmacher Institute reviewed state laws that relate to the ability of adolescents to make their own decisions about abortion and other issues. This report examines the adolescents' accessibility of medical care, decision to marry, dropping out of school, or placing a child for adoption.

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Abortion and women's health: A turning point for America? Source: New York, NY: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1990. 74 pp. Contact: Available from Susan Tew, Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005. Telephone: (212) 248-1111 or (202) 296-4012 Washington, D.C. office / fax: (212) 248-1951; Washington, D.C. office (202) 223-5756 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.agi-usa.org. $15.00 plus 10 percent shipping and handling; discounts available for more than one copy. Summary: This report summarizes what is known about abortion and women's health in the United States as of 1989, when it still received full constitutional protection under Roe v. Wade. It also examines the likely impact of various state-level restrictions including parental consent or notification.

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Adolescents and abortion: Choice in crisis Source: Washington, DC: Center for Population Options. 1990. 26 pp. Contact: Available from Karen Haines, Advocates for Youth, 1025 Vermont Avenue, N.W., Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005. Telephone: (202) 347- 5700 / fax: (202) 347-2263 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.advocatesfor youth.org. $4.95 plus $1.00 shipping and handling. Summary: This publication explains the many facets of adolescent abortion, including the reality of adolescent pregnancy, alternatives to abortion, confidentiality and parental notification, and important U.S. Supreme Court decisions.

The NLM Gateway15 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.16 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 54861 10000 98 266 6 65231

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 15 16

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HSTAT17 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.18 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice. Simply search by “abortion” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov. Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists19 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.20 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.21 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 19 Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. 20 The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 21 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 17 18

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on abortion can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to abortion. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to abortion. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “abortion”:

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Other Guides Breast Cancer http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastcancer.html High Risk Pregnancy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highriskpregnancy.html Pregnancy Loss http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pregnancyloss.html Prostate Cancer http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prostatecancer.html Uterine Cancer http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/uterinecancer.html

Within the health topic page dedicated to abortion, the following was listed: •

General/Overviews Abortion in the U.S. http://www.kff.org/content/2003/326902/Abortion_Factsheet.pdf Induced Abortion Source: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists http://www.medem.com/medlb/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ2K98T77C&s ub_cat=2006

•

Specific Conditions/Aspects Abortion: Can It Increase the Risk of Endometriosis? Source: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=AN00633 Emergency Contraception Source: National Women's Health Information Center http://www.4woman.gov/faq/econtracep.htm Mifepristone (RU 486) Information Source: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/mifepristone/default.htm Mifepristone Questions and Answers Source: Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/mifepristone/mifepristoneqa_4_17_02.htm Pregnancy Choices: Raising the Baby, Adoption and Abortion Source: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists http://www.medem.com/search/article_display.cfm?path=n:&mstr=/ZZZHSWH G97C.html&soc=ACOG&srch_typ=NAV_SERCH

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•

Law and Policy Legal Induced Abortion Reporting in the United States Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/drh/srv_legal_abortion.htm

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Organizations American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists http://www.acog.org/

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Research Abortion, Miscarriage, and Breast Cancer Risk Source: National Cancer Institute http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/3_75.htm

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Statistics Abortion Surveillance, 1999 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/drh/surv_abort99.htm Family Planning Prevents Abortion http://www.usaid.gov/pop_health/pop/publications/docs/preventab.pdf Induced Abortion Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_induced_abortion.html

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on abortion. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

Human Rights Commission Survey of Abortion - Related Services Finds Widespread Bias Against HIV - Positive Women Contact: New York City Commission on Human Rights, 40 Rector St, New York, NY, 10006, (212) 306-7500.

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Summary: This news release describes the results of a survey in which it was found that over 40 percent of female callers to New York City abortion clinics who identified themselves as infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), were refused abortions or overcharged for services. The New York City Commission on Human Rights declared that the results of the survey indicated widespread discrimination against HIV-positive women by abortion providers. •

Induced abortion Source: New York, NY: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1996. 2 pp. Contact: Available from Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005. Telephone: (212) 248-1111 or (202) 296-4012 Washington, D.C. office / fax: (212) 248-1951; Washington, D.C. office (202) 223-5756 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.agi- usa.org. $0.25; discounts available for bulk orders. Summary: This fact sheet provides information on the following aspects of induced abortion: incidence, who has abortions, contraceptive use, providers and coverage, safety, law and policy, and public funding.

•

Abortion in the United States Source: New York, NY: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1993. 2 pp. Contact: Available from Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005. Telephone: (212) 248-1111 or (202) 296-4012 Washington, D.C. office / fax: (212) 248-1951; Washington, D.C. office (202) 223-5756 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.agi- usa.org. Single copies available at no charge; additional copies 40 cents each. Summary: This fact sheet summarizes the incidence of abortion in the United States. Demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, and religious affiliation are examined. Issues such as incidence of abortion among adolescents, public funding for abortions, as well as the risk of complications due to an abortion are highlighted.

Healthfinder™ Healthfinder™ is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and offers links to hundreds of other sites that contain healthcare information. This Web site is located at http://www.healthfinder.gov. Again, keyword searches can be used to find guidelines. The following was recently found in this database: •

Abortion after the First Trimester Summary: This fact sheet discusses abortions that are performed after the first trimester of pregnancy. Source: Planned Parenthood Federation of America http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6031

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•

Abortion in Context: United States and Worldwide Summary: This fact sheet discusses abortion laws and policies in the US and internationally. Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6018

•

Choosing Abortion - Questions and Answers Summary: A decision making guide. Answers questions about abortion and future pregnancies, mental and physical health effects; parental notification, and more. Source: Planned Parenthood Federation of America http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6030

•

Emotional Effects of Induced Abortion Summary: This article discusses emotional and psychological disturbances following induced abortion and compares these feelings with the childbirth experience. Source: Planned Parenthood Federation of America http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6038

•

Induced Abortion Summary: This fact sheet presents data on abortion incidences, abortion safety, when women are likely to have abortions (in weeks), providers and services, and other related statistics. Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6014

•

Mifepristone: A Brief History Summary: This article discusses the use of Mifepristone (formerly known as RU-486) as a medical alternative to aspiration (suction) abortion in the United States and internationally. Source: Planned Parenthood Federation of America http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6049

•

Planned Parenthood: Frequently Asked Questions Summary: Planned Parenthood provides answers to a variety of commonly asked questions concerning pregnancy, abortion laws, family planning, other reproductive health issues and the services provided by the Source: Planned Parenthood Federation of America http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6033

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•

Post-Abortion Issues Summary: This article discusses current research on women's psychological responses to abortion. Source: National Abortion Federation http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6029

•

Safety of Abortion Summary: Also available In: Source: National Abortion Federation http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6026

•

Teen Sex and Pregnancy Summary: Facts and statistics about reproductive health issues in teenagers -- sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), contraceptive use, abortion, pregnancy and other related topics. Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6017

•

What is Medical Abortion? Summary: Also available In: Source: National Abortion Federation http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=6024 The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to abortion. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources

A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

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•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are a number of Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to abortion. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with abortion. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about abortion. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “abortion” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit

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your search to “Organizations” and “abortion”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “abortion” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “abortion” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for abortion. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a nonprofit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI® Advice for the Patient® can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with abortion. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks, etc.). The

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following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to abortion: Bromocriptine •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Parlodel http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202094.html

Carboprost •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Hemabate http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202116.html

Dinoprostone •

Cervical/Vaginal - U.S. Brands: Cervidil; Prepidil http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202198.html

Mumps Virus Vaccine Live •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Mumpsvax http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202382.html

Oxytocin •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Pitocin; Syntocinon http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202434.html

Rh O (D) Immune Globulin •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: MICRhoGAM; RhoGAM http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202720.html

Urea •

Intra-Amniotic - U.S. Brands: Ureaphil http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202584.html

Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult™ Mosby’s Drug Consult™ database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/.

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PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html. Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee. If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

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APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.22

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of libraries recommended by the National

22

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)23: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

23

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on abortion: •

Basic Guidelines for Abortion Abortion Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002912.htm Abortion - complete Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000905.htm Abortion - elective or therapeutic Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001512.htm Abortion - incomplete Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000904.htm Abortion - infected Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000908.htm Abortion - spontaneous Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001488.htm

292 Abortion

Abortion - threatened Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000907.htm •

Signs & Symptoms for Abortion Abdominal cramping Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003120.htm Abdominal cramps Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003120.htm Abdominal pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003120.htm Anemia Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000560.htm Breast enlargement Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003153.htm Breast tenderness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003152.htm Dizziness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003093.htm Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Infected abortion Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000908.htm Light-headedness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003092.htm Low back pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003108.htm Missed periods Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003149.htm Muscle Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003193.htm Nausea Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm Problems breathing Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003075.htm

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Vaginal bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003156.htm Vaginal discharge Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003158.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Abortion CBC Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003642.htm Differential Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm Euglobulin lysis time Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003654.htm Fibrin degradation products Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003655.htm HCG (qualitative - serum) Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003509.htm HCG (qualitative - urine) Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003619.htm HCG (quantitative) Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003510.htm Pregnancy ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003778.htm Pregnanediol Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003914.htm Serum HCG Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003509.htm Serum progesterone Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003714.htm Transvaginal ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003779.htm WBC Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003643.htm

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Surgery and Procedures for Abortion Abortion Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002912.htm

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Dand C Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002914.htm •

Background Topics for Abortion Bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm Blood loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm Cervix Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002317.htm Complete abortion Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000905.htm Endocrine Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002351.htm Exercise Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001941.htm Inevitable abortion Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000906.htm Shock Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000039.htm Systemic Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002294.htm Vagina Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002342.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

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MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

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Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

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Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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ABORTION DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. [NIH] Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Aberrant: Wandering or deviating from the usual or normal course. [EU] Abortion: 1. The premature expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception - of the embryo, or of a nonviable fetus. The four classic symptoms, usually present in each type of abortion, are uterine contractions, uterine haemorrhage, softening and dilatation of the cervix, and presentation or expulsion of all or part of the products of conception. 2. Premature stoppage of a natural or a pathological process. [EU] Abscess: Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. [NIH] Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications. [NIH] Achievement: Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general. [NIH] Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Adhesions: Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound. [NIH] Adipocytes: Fat-storing cells found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. Fat is usually stored in the form of tryglycerides. [NIH] Adjustment: The dynamic process wherein the thoughts, feelings, behavior, and biophysiological mechanisms of the individual continually change to adjust to the environment. [NIH] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Adolescent Medicine: A branch of medicine pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases occurring during the period beginning with puberty until the cessation of somatic growth. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Afferent: Concerned with the transmission of neural impulse toward the central part of the nervous system. [NIH]

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Age Groups: Persons classified by age from birth (infant, newborn) to octogenarians and older (aged, 80 and over). [NIH] Aged, 80 and Over: A person 80 years of age and older. [NIH] Airway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. [NIH] Alertness: A state of readiness to detect and respond to certain specified small changes occurring at random intervals in the environment. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaloid: A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer. [NIH] Alleles: Mutually exclusive forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, and governing the same biochemical and developmental process. [NIH] Allo: A female hormone. [NIH] Allogeneic: Taken from different individuals of the same species. [NIH] Alpha-fetoprotein: AFP. A protein normally produced by a developing fetus. AFP levels are usually undetectable in the blood of healthy nonpregnant adults. An elevated level of AFP suggests the presence of either a primary liver cancer or germ cell tumor. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. [NIH] Amniocentesis: Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is commonly used for fetal karyotype determination in order to diagnose abnormal fetal conditions. [NIH] Amnion: The extraembryonic membrane which contains the embryo and amniotic fluid. [NIH]

Amniotic Fluid: Amniotic cavity fluid which is produced by the amnion and fetal lungs and kidneys. [NIH] Amphetamines: Analogs or derivatives of amphetamine. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopression, bronchodilation, and to

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varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation. [NIH] Anaerobic: 1. Lacking molecular oxygen. 2. Growing, living, or occurring in the absence of molecular oxygen; pertaining to an anaerobe. [EU] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Analogous: Resembling or similar in some respects, as in function or appearance, but not in origin or development;. [EU] Anaphylatoxins: The family of peptides C3a, C4a, C5a, and C5a des-arginine produced in the serum during complement activation. They produce smooth muscle contraction, mast cell histamine release, affect platelet aggregation, and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from strongest to weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine. The latter is the so-called "classical" anaphylatoxin but shows no spasmogenic activity though it contains some chemotactic ability. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Angina: Chest pain that originates in the heart. [NIH] Annealing: The spontaneous alignment of two single DNA strands to form a double helix. [NIH]

Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Anovulation: Suspension or cessation of ovulation in animals and humans. [NIH] Antagonism: Interference with, or inhibition of, the growth of a living organism by another living organism, due either to creation of unfavorable conditions (e. g. exhaustion of food supplies) or to production of a specific antibiotic substance (e. g. penicillin). [NIH] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications. [NIH] Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibodies, Anticardiolipin: Antiphospholipid antibodies found in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus erythematosus, systemic), antiphospholipid syndrome, and in a variety of other diseases as well as in healthy individuals. The antibodies are detected by solid-phase immunoassay employing the purified phospholipid antigen cardiolipin. [NIH] Antibodies, Antiphospholipid: Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids. These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, related autoimmune diseases, some non-autoimmune diseases, and also in healthy individuals. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign

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substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Anticoagulant: A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called a blood thinner. [NIH] Antidepressant: A drug used to treat depression. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antigen-Antibody Complex: The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes immune complex diseases. [NIH] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Antiphospholipid Syndrome: The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (antibodies, antiphospholipid). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (antibodies, anticardiolipin). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (lupus coagulation inhibitor). [NIH] Anxiety: Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster. [NIH] Arachidonic Acid: An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. [NIH] Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [NIH] Arrhythmia: Any variation from the normal rhythm or rate of the heart beat. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arteriolar: Pertaining to or resembling arterioles. [EU] Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Aspirin: A drug that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clotting. Aspirin belongs

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to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. It is also being studied in cancer prevention. [NIH] Assay: Determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture, or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. [EU] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Asystole: Cardiac standstill or arrest; absence of a heartbeat; called also Beau's syndrome. [EU]

Auditory: Pertaining to the sense of hearing. [EU] Autacoids: A chemically diverse group of substances produced by various tissues in the body that cause slow contraction of smooth muscle; they have other intense but varied pharmacologic activities. [NIH] Autoantibodies: Antibodies that react with self-antigens (autoantigens) of the organism that produced them. [NIH] Autoantigens: Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with autoantibodies and cause an immune response. [NIH] Autoimmune disease: A condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. [NIH] Autoimmunity: Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by autoimmune diseases. [NIH] Autonomic: Self-controlling; functionally independent. [EU] Autonomic Nervous System: The enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus and the solitary nucleus, which receive information relayed from visceral afferents; these and related central and sensory structures are sometimes (but not here) considered to be part of the autonomic nervous system itself. [NIH] Back Pain: Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the trunk, including the thoracic, lumbar, sacral, or adjacent regions. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Beer: An alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by slow fermentation. [NIH] Beta carotene: A vitamin A precursor. Beta carotene belongs to the family of fat-soluble vitamins called carotenoids. [NIH] Beta-Endorphin: A peptide consisting of amino acid sequence 61-91 of the endogenous pituitary hormone beta-lipotropin. The first four amino acids show a common tetrapeptide sequence with methionine- and leucine enkephalin. The compound shows opiate-like activity. Injection of beta-endorphin induces a profound analgesia of the whole body for several hours. This action is reversed after administration of naloxone. [NIH] Beta-Thromboglobulin:

A platelet-specific protein which is released when platelets

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aggregate. Elevated plasma levels have been reported after deep venous thrombosis, preeclampsia, myocardial infarction with mural thrombosis, and myeloproliferative disorders. Measurement of beta-thromboglobulin in biological fluids by radioimmunoassay is used for the diagnosis and assessment of progress of thromboembolic disorders. [NIH] Bewilderment: Impairment or loss of will power. [NIH] Bifida: A defect in development of the vertebral column in which there is a central deficiency of the vertebral lamina. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile Pigments: Pigments that give a characteristic color to bile including: bilirubin, biliverdine, and bilicyanin. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) across cell membranes and epithelial layers, usually by passive diffusion. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Birth Certificates: Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blastocyst: The mammalian embryo in the post-morula stage in which a fluid-filled cavity, enclosed primarily by trophoblast, contains an inner cell mass which becomes the embryonic disc. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion.

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There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bowel Movement: Body wastes passed through the rectum and anus. [NIH] Bradykinin: A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from mast cells during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Breast Feeding: The nursing of an infant at the mother's breast. [NIH] Bypass: A surgical procedure in which the doctor creates a new pathway for the flow of body fluids. [NIH] Caesarean section: A surgical incision through the abdominal and uterine walls in order to deliver a baby. [NIH] Caffeine: A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Cannibalism: Eating other individuals of one's own species. [NIH] Cannula: A tube for insertion into a duct or cavity; during insertion its lumen is usually occupied by a trocar. [EU] Capital Punishment: The use of the death penalty for certain crimes. [NIH] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Carcinogen: Any substance that causes cancer. [NIH] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiolipins: Acidic phospholipids composed of two molecules of phosphatidic acid covalently linked to a molecule of glycerol. They occur primarily in mitochondrial inner membranes and in bacterial plasma membranes. They are the main antigenic components of the Wassermann-type antigen that is used in nontreponemal syphilis serodiagnosis. [NIH] Cardiorespiratory: Relating to the heart and lungs and their function. [EU] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Cardiovascular disease: Any abnormal condition characterized by dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels. CVD includes atherosclerosis (especially coronary heart disease, which can lead to heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (e.g., stroke), and hypertension (high blood pressure). [NIH]

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Cardiovascular System: The heart and the blood vessels by which blood is pumped and circulated through the body. [NIH] Carotene: The general name for a group of pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. The pigments are fat-soluble, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons functioning as provitamins and are converted to vitamin A through enzymatic processes in the intestinal wall. [NIH] Carotenoids: Substance found in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables and in dark green, leafy vegetables. May reduce the risk of developing cancer. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Case series: A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment. Reports of case series usually contain detailed information about the individual patients. This includes demographic information (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin) and information on diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment. [NIH] Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group. [NIH] Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Causal: Pertaining to a cause; directed against a cause. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cell membrane: Cell membrane = plasma membrane. The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees. [EU] Cellulose: A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in cellobiose. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Central Nervous System Infections: Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA virus infections; RNA virus infections; bacterial infections; mycoplasma infections; Spirochaetales infections; fungal infections; protozoan infections; helminthiasis; and prion diseases may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process. [NIH] Cerebrovascular: Pertaining to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, or brain. [EU] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is

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the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Chemotactic Factors: Chemical substances that attract or repel cells or organisms. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells to the site of infection or insult. [NIH] Child Custody: The formally authorized guardianship or care of a child. [NIH] Child Development: The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of the child from birth up to but not including adolescence. It includes healthy responses to situations, but does not include growth in stature or size (= growth). [NIH] Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. [NIH] Cholinergic: Resembling acetylcholine in pharmacological action; stimulated by or releasing acetylcholine or a related compound. [EU] Chorioamnionitis: An inflammatory process involving the chorion, its fetal blood vessels, the umbilical cord, and the amnion by extension of the inflammation, as the amnion itself has no blood supply. This inflammatory process is potentially fatal to mother and fetus. [NIH]

Choriocarcinoma: A malignant tumor of trophoblastic epithelium characterized by secretion of large amounts of chorionic gonadotropin. It usually originates from chorionic products of conception (i.e., hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or following abortion), but can originate in a teratoma of the testis, mediastinum, or pineal gland. [NIH] Chorion: The outermost extraembryonic membrane. [NIH] Chromatin: The material of chromosomes. It is a complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins (chromosomal proteins, non-histone) found within the nucleus of a cell. [NIH]

Chromosomal: Pertaining to chromosomes. [EU] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic renal: Slow and progressive loss of kidney function over several years, often resulting in end-stage renal disease. People with end-stage renal disease need dialysis or transplantation to replace the work of the kidneys. [NIH] CIS: Cancer Information Service. The CIS is the National Cancer Institute's link to the public, interpreting and explaining research findings in a clear and understandable manner, and providing personalized responses to specific questions about cancer. Access the CIS by calling 1-800-4-CANCER, or by using the Web site at http://cis.nci.nih.gov. [NIH] Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of lincomycin. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH]

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Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coagulation: 1. The process of clot formation. 2. In colloid chemistry, the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass; an alteration of a disperse phase or of a dissolved solid which causes the separation of the system into a liquid phase and an insoluble mass called the clot or curd. Coagulation is usually irreversible. 3. In surgery, the disruption of tissue by physical means to form an amorphous residuum, as in electrocoagulation and photocoagulation. [EU] Coca: Any of several South American shrubs of the Erythroxylon genus (and family) that yield cocaine; the leaves are chewed with alum for CNS stimulation. [NIH] Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. [NIH] Codon: A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (codon, terminator). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, transfer) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (codons, nonsense). [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy,

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spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Condoms: A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease. [NIH] Cone: One of the special retinal receptor elements which are presumed to be primarily concerned with perception of light and color stimuli when the eye is adapted to light. [NIH] Cone biopsy: Surgery to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix and cervical canal. Cone biopsy may be used to diagnose or treat a cervical condition. Also called conization. [NIH] Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable. [NIH] Confounding: Extraneous variables resulting in outcome effects that obscure or exaggerate the "true" effect of an intervention. [NIH] Confusion: A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. [NIH] Conization: The excision of a cone of tissue, especially of the cervix uteri. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue Diseases: A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. [NIH] Constitutional: 1. Affecting the whole constitution of the body; not local. 2. Pertaining to the constitution. [EU] Consumption: Pulmonary tuberculosis. [NIH] Contraception: Use of agents, devices, methods, or procedures which diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. [NIH] Contraceptive: An agent that diminishes the likelihood of or prevents conception. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Control group: In a clinical trial, the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied. This group is compared to the group that receives the new treatment, to see if the new treatment works. [NIH]

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Controlled study: An experiment or clinical trial that includes a comparison (control) group. [NIH] Convulsions: A general term referring to sudden and often violent motor activity of cerebral or brainstem origin. Convulsions may also occur in the absence of an electrical cerebral discharge (e.g., in response to hypotension). [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary heart disease: A type of heart disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart, which needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood in the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become narrowed or clogged by fat and cholesterol deposits and cannot supply enough blood to the heart, CHD results. [NIH] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Corpus: The body of the uterus. [NIH] Corpus Luteum: The yellow glandular mass formed in the ovary by an ovarian follicle that has ruptured and discharged its ovum. [NIH] Cortex: The outer layer of an organ or other body structure, as distinguished from the internal substance. [EU] Cortisone: A natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone reduces swelling and can suppress immune responses. [NIH] Cost Savings: Reductions in all or any portion of the costs of providing goods or services. Savings may be incurred by the provider or the consumer. [NIH] Cotinine: 1-Methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyrrolidinone fumarate. Stimulant proposed as antidepressant. Synonym: Scotine. [NIH] Crack Cocaine: The purified, alkaloidal, extra-potent form of cocaine. It is smoked (freebased), injected intravenously, and orally ingested. Use of crack results in alterations in function of the cardiovascular system, the autonomic nervous system, the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal system. The slang term "crack" was derived from the crackling sound made upon igniting of this form of cocaine for smoking. [NIH] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Craniocerebral Trauma: Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., brain; cranial nerves; meninges; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Curettage: Removal of tissue with a curette, a spoon-shaped instrument with a sharp edge. [NIH]

Curette: A spoon-shaped instrument with a sharp edge. [NIH] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyanosis: A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. [NIH] Cyclic: Pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles; the term is applied to chemical

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compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus. [EU] Cyst: A sac or capsule filled with fluid. [NIH] Cytokine: Small but highly potent protein that modulates the activity of many cell types, including T and B cells. [NIH] Cytomegalovirus: A genus of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. [NIH] Cytotoxicity: Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Deamination: The removal of an amino group (NH2) from a chemical compound. [NIH] Decidua: The epithelial lining of the endometrium that is formed before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus. The fertilized ovum embeds in the decidua. If the ovum is not fertilized, the decidua is shed during menstruation. [NIH] Decision Making: The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea. [NIH] Denaturation: Rupture of the hydrogen bonds by heating a DNA solution and then cooling it rapidly causes the two complementary strands to separate. [NIH] Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Developed Countries: Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources. [NIH] Developing Countries: Countries in the process of change directed toward economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Digestive system: The organs that take in food and turn it into products that the body can use to stay healthy. Waste products the body cannot use leave the body through bowel movements. The digestive system includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Digestive tract: The organs through which food passes when food is eaten. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Dilatation: The act of dilating. [NIH] Dilate: Relax; expand. [NIH]

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Dilation: A process by which the pupil is temporarily enlarged with special eye drops (mydriatic); allows the eye care specialist to better view the inside of the eye. [NIH] Diploid: Having two sets of chromosomes. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Discrimination: The act of qualitative and/or quantitative differentiation between two or more stimuli. [NIH] Disorientation: The loss of proper bearings, or a state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity. [EU] Diuresis: Increased excretion of urine. [EU] Domestic Violence: Deliberate, often repetitive, physical abuse by one family member against another: marital partners, parents, children, siblings, or any other member of a household. [NIH] Dopamine: An endogenous catecholamine and prominent neurotransmitter in several systems of the brain. In the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine, it is the immediate precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of dopaminergic receptor subtypes mediate its action. Dopamine is used pharmacologically for its direct (beta adrenergic agonist) and indirect (adrenergic releasing) sympathomimetic effects including its actions as an inotropic agent and as a renal vasodilator. [NIH] Double-blind: Pertaining to a clinical trial or other experiment in which neither the subject nor the person administering treatment knows which treatment any particular subject is receiving. [EU] Double-blinded: A clinical trial in which neither the medical staff nor the person knows which of several possible therapies the person is receiving. [NIH] Doxycycline: A synthetic tetracycline derivative with a range of antimicrobial activity and mode of action similar to that of tetracycline, but more effective against many species. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Dura mater: The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord; called also pachymeninx. [EU] Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation. [NIH] Dysphoria: Disquiet; restlessness; malaise. [EU] Eclampsia: Onset of convulsions or coma in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient. [NIH]

Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Ectopic Pregnancy: The pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus. [NIH]

Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Effector: It is often an enzyme that converts an inactive precursor molecule into an active second messenger. [NIH] Efficacy:

The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service

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produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Ejaculation: The release of semen through the penis during orgasm. [NIH] Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Emboli: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Embolization: The blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material. Embolization can be done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryo Transfer: Removal of a mammalian embryo from one environment and replacement in the same or a new environment. The embryo is usually in the pre-nidation phase, i.e., a blastocyst. The process includes embryo or blastocyst transplantation or transfer after in vitro fertilization and transfer of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. It is not used for transfer of differentiated embryonic tissue, e.g., germ layer cells. [NIH] Embryology: The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life. [NIH] Emergency Medicine: A branch of medicine concerned with an individual's resuscitation, transportation and care from the point of injury or beginning of illness through the hospital or other emergency treatment facility. [NIH] Encephalocele: Cerebral tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur. [NIH]

Endocarditis: Exudative and proliferative inflammatory alterations of the endocardium, characterized by the presence of vegetations on the surface of the endocardium or in the endocardium itself, and most commonly involving a heart valve, but sometimes affecting the inner lining of the cardiac chambers or the endocardium elsewhere. It may occur as a primary disorder or as a complication of or in association with another disease. [EU] Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells. [NIH] Endocrinology: A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the metabolism, physiology, and disorders of the endocrine system. [NIH] Endoderm: The inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. [NIH] Endogenous: Produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. [NIH] Endometrial: Having to do with the endometrium (the layer of tissue that lines the uterus). [NIH]

Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue more or less perfectly resembling the uterine mucous membrane (the endometrium) and containing typical endometrial granular and stromal elements occurs aberrantly in various locations in the pelvic cavity. [NIH] Endometrium: The layer of tissue that lines the uterus. [NIH] Endophthalmitis: Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the

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eye; not all layers of the uvea are affected. Fungi, necrosis of intraocular tumors, and retained intraocular foreign bodies often cause a purulent endophthalmitis. [NIH] Endothelial cell: The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. [NIH] Endothelium: A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body. [NIH] Endothelium-derived: Small molecule that diffuses to the adjacent muscle layer and relaxes it. [NIH] Endotoxin: Toxin from cell walls of bacteria. [NIH] End-stage renal: Total chronic kidney failure. When the kidneys fail, the body retains fluid and harmful wastes build up. A person with ESRD needs treatment to replace the work of the failed kidneys. [NIH] Energy balance: Energy is the capacity of a body or a physical system for doing work. Energy balance is the state in which the total energy intake equals total energy needs. [NIH] Enkephalin: A natural opiate painkiller, in the hypothalamus. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH] Environmental tobacco smoke: ETS. Smoke that comes from the burning of a tobacco product and smoke that is exhaled by smokers (second-hand smoke). Inhaling ETS is called involuntary or passive smoking. [NIH] Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Epidemiological: Relating to, or involving epidemiology. [EU] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estradiol: The most potent mammalian estrogenic hormone. It is produced in the ovary, placenta, testis, and possibly the adrenal cortex. [NIH] Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Estrone: 3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one. A metabolite of estradiol but possessing less biological activity. It is found in the urine of pregnant women and mares, in the human placenta, and in the urine of bulls and stallions. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), estrone may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed). [NIH] Eugenic: Tending to improve the genetic qualities of future generations. [NIH] Euthanasia: The act or practice of putting to death people or animals suffering from incurable conditions or diseases. [NIH] Evacuation: An emptying, as of the bowels. [EU] Exogenous: Developed or originating outside the organism, as exogenous disease. [EU] Extraction: The process or act of pulling or drawing out. [EU] Extravasation: A discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. [EU]

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Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Family Practice: A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family. [NIH] Family Relations: Behavioral, psychological, and social relations among various members of the nuclear family and the extended family. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Fatty acids: A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. [NIH] Febrile: Pertaining to or characterized by fever. [EU] Fentanyl: A narcotic opioid drug that is used in the treatment of pain. [NIH] Fermentation: An enzyme-induced chemical change in organic compounds that takes place in the absence of oxygen. The change usually results in the production of ethanol or lactic acid, and the production of energy. [NIH] Fertilization in Vitro: Fertilization of an egg outside the body when the egg is normally fertilized in the body. [NIH] Fetal Blood: Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the placenta. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels at the time of delivery. [NIH] Fetal Death: Death of the young developing in utero. [NIH] Fetal Development: Morphologic and physiologic growth and development of the mammalian embryo or fetus. [NIH] Fetal Heart: The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (heart/embryology) only on the basis of time. [NIH] Fetal Tissue Transplantation: Transference of fetal tissue between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Fetoprotein: Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac with a view to detecting increases of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal blood during pregnancy, as this is an important indicator of open neural tube defects in the fetus. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three nonidentical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products. [NIH] Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. [NIH] Foetoplacental: Pertaining to the fetus and placenta. [EU] Folate: A B-complex vitamin that is being studied as a cancer prevention agent. Also called folic acid. [NIH] Folic

Acid:

N-(4-(((2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-

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glutamic acid. A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [NIH] Follicles: Shafts through which hair grows. [NIH] Follicular Phase: The period of the menstrual cycle that begins with menstruation and ends with ovulation. [NIH] Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicelluar colonies (mushrooms and molds). [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gamma-interferon: Interferon produced by T-lymphocytes in response to various mitogens and antigens. Gamma interferon appears to have potent antineoplastic, immunoregulatory and antiviral activity. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastric Acid: Hydrochloric acid present in gastric juice. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

General practitioner: A medical practitioner who does not specialize in a particular branch of medicine or limit his practice to a specific class of diseases. [NIH] Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc. [NIH] Genetic testing: Analyzing DNA to look for a genetic alteration that may indicate an increased risk for developing a specific disease or disorder. [NIH] Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH] Genital: Pertaining to the genitalia. [EU] Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual; the characterization of the genes. [NIH] Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. [NIH] Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gestational: Psychosis attributable to or occurring during pregnancy. [NIH] Gestational Age: Age of the conceptus. In humans, this may be assessed by medical history, physical examination, early immunologic pregnancy tests, radiography, ultrasonography, and amniotic fluid analysis. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body.

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Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glucocorticoid: A compound that belongs to the family of compounds called corticosteroids (steroids). Glucocorticoids affect metabolism and have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. They may be naturally produced (hormones) or synthetic (drugs). [NIH] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glucuronic Acid: Derivatives of uronic acid found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. They detoxify drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form glucuronides in the liver which are more water-soluble metabolites that can be easily eliminated from the body. [NIH] Glutathione Peroxidase: An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. EC 1.11.1.9. [NIH]

Glycerophospholipids: Derivatives of phosphatidic acid in which the hydrophobic regions are composed of two fatty acids and a polar alcohol is joined to the C-3 position of glycerol through a phosphodiester bond. They are named according to their polar head groups, such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Gonadotropin: The water-soluble follicle stimulating substance, by some believed to originate in chorionic tissue, obtained from the serum of pregnant mares. It is used to supplement the action of estrogens. [NIH] Gonorrhoea: Infection due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmitted sexually in most cases, but also by contact with infected exudates in neonatal children at birth, or by infants in households with infected inhabitants. It is marked in males by urethritis with pain and purulent discharge, but is commonly asymptomatic in females, although it may extend to produce suppurative salpingitis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and peritonitis. Bacteraemia occurs in both sexes, resulting in cutaneous lesions, arthritis, and rarely meningitis or endocarditis. Formerly called blennorrhagia and blennorrhoea. [EU] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grade: The grade of a tumor depends on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Grading systems are different for each type of cancer. [NIH] Graft Rejection: An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Gram-negative: Losing the stain or decolorized by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria having a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide. [EU] Granulosa Cells: Cells of the membrana granulosa lining the vesicular ovarian follicle which become luteal cells after ovulation. [NIH] Grasses: A large family, Gramineae, of narrow-leaved herbaceous monocots. Many grasses produce highly allergenic pollens and are hosts to cattle parasites and toxic fungi. [NIH]

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Gravidity: Pregnancy; the condition of being pregnant, without regard to the outcome. [EU] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Guanylate Cyclase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2. [NIH] Gynecology: A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology. [NIH] Habitual: Of the nature of a habit; according to habit; established by or repeated by force of habit, customary. [EU] Haploid: An organism with one basic chromosome set, symbolized by n; the normal condition of gametes in diploids. [NIH] Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Headache Disorders: Common conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent headaches. Headache syndrome classification systems may be based on etiology (e.g., vascular headache, post-traumatic headaches, etc.), temporal pattern (e.g., cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, etc.), and precipitating factors (e.g., cough headache). [NIH] Health Services: Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health. [NIH] Heart attack: A seizure of weak or abnormal functioning of the heart. [NIH] Heart failure: Loss of pumping ability by the heart, often accompanied by fatigue, breathlessness, and excess fluid accumulation in body tissues. [NIH] Heartbeat: One complete contraction of the heart. [NIH] Hematoma: An extravasation of blood localized in an organ, space, or tissue. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemoglobin M: A group of abnormal hemoglobins in which amino acid substitutions take place in either the alpha or beta chains but near the heme iron. This results in facilitated oxidation of the hemoglobin to yield excess methemoglobin which leads to cyanosis. [NIH] Hemoglobinopathies: A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Heparin: Heparinic acid. A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular

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weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts. [NIH] Herbicides: Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses, and woody plants. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Histology: The study of tissues and cells under a microscope. [NIH] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Homosexuality: Sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same sex. [NIH] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hospice: Institution dedicated to caring for the terminally ill. [NIH] Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Human Rights: The rights of the individual to cultural, social, economic, and educational opportunities as provided by society, e.g., right to work, right to education, and right to social security. [NIH] Hybridomas: Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure or "monoclonal" antibodies or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent, and continually grow and divide as the neoplastic parent. [NIH] Hydatidiform Mole: A trophoblastic disease characterized by hydrops of the mesenchymal portion of the villus. Its karyotype is paternal and usually homozygotic. The tumor is indistinguishable from chorioadenoma destruens or invasive mole ( = hydatidiform mole, invasive) except by karyotype. There is no apparent relation by karyotype to choriocarcinoma. Hydatidiform refers to the presence of the hydropic state of some or all of the villi (Greek hydatis, a drop of water). [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hydrogen Peroxide: A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials. [NIH] Hypercholesterolemia: Abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. [NIH] Hyperemesis: Excessive vomiting. [EU] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hypnotic: A drug that acts to induce sleep. [EU] Hypoxia: Reduction of oxygen supply to tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. [EU]

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Hysteroscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the uterus. [NIH]

Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Immune response: (antigens). [NIH]

The activity of the immune system against foreign substances

Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen. [NIH] Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunity: Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunodeficiency syndrome: The inability of the body to produce an immune response. [NIH]

Immunoglobulin: A protein that acts as an antibody. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive therapy: Therapy used to decrease the body's immune response, such as drugs given to prevent transplant rejection. [NIH] Immunotherapy: Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. [NIH]

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Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infancy: The period of complete dependency prior to the acquisition of competence in walking, talking, and self-feeding. [NIH] Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth. [NIH] Infanticide: The killing of infants at birth or soon after. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infertility: The diminished or absent ability to conceive or produce an offspring while sterility is the complete inability to conceive or produce an offspring. [NIH] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Informed Consent: Voluntary authorization, given to the physician by the patient, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures and medical and surgical treatment. [NIH] Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Ingestion: Taking into the body by mouth [NIH] Inhalation: The drawing of air or other substances into the lungs. [EU] Inhibin: Glyceroprotein hormone produced in the seminiferous tubules by the Sertoli cells in the male and by the granulosa cells in the female follicles. The hormone inhibits FSH and LH synthesis and secretion by the pituitary cells thereby affecting sexual maturation and fertility. [NIH] Insecticides: Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. [NIH] Instillation: . [EU] Insulin: A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [NIH] Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in the development of type I diabetes. [NIH]

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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1: A cell-surface ligand with a role in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue. [NIH] Interleukin-1: A soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. IL-1 consists of two distinct forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which perform the same functions but are distinct proteins. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from interleukin-2. [NIH] Interleukin-11: Lymphohematopoietic cytokine that has the ability to modulate antigenspecific antibody responses, potentiate megakaryocytes, and regulate bone marrow adipogenesis. [NIH] Interleukin-2: Chemical mediator produced by activated T lymphocytes and which regulates the proliferation of T cells, as well as playing a role in the regulation of NK cell activity. [NIH] Interleukin-6: Factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. [NIH] Interleukin-8: A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and Tlymphocytes. It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, Tlymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfamily and structurally related to platelet factor 4. [NIH] Interleukins: Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli. [NIH] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Mucosa: The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients. [NIH]

Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intraocular: Within the eye. [EU] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Involuntary: Reaction occurring without intention or volition. [NIH] Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Irritants: Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause redness due to hyperemia are rubefacients; those that raise blisters are vesicants and those that penetrate sebaceous glands and cause abscesses are pustulants; tear gases and mustard gases are also irritants. [NIH]

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Ischemia: Deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel. [EU] Karyotype: The characteristic chromosome complement of an individual, race, or species as defined by their number, size, shape, etc. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Keratinocytes: Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell. [NIH] Killer Cells: Lymphocyte-like effector cells which mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. They kill antibody-coated target cells which they bind with their Fc receptors. [NIH]

Labile: 1. Gliding; moving from point to point over the surface; unstable; fluctuating. 2. Chemically unstable. [EU] Lactation: The period of the secretion of milk. [EU] Laminaria: A genus of Laminariaceae. Dried pencil-like pieces may be inserted in the cervix where they swell as they absorb moisture, and thus dilate the cervix. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Lectin: A complex molecule that has both protein and sugars. Lectins are able to bind to the outside of a cell and cause biochemical changes in it. Lectins are made by both animals and plants. [NIH] Leptin: A 16-kD peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes and implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin provides the key afferent signal from fat cells in the feedback system that controls body fat stores. [NIH] Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. [NIH]

Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). [NIH] Levonorgestrel: A progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (norgestrel). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. [NIH] Library Services: circulation. [NIH]

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and

Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile. [NIH] Lincomycin: (2S-trans)-Methyl 6,8-dideoxy-6-(((1-methyl-4-propyl-2pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)amino)-1-thio-D-erythro-alpha-D-galacto-octopyranoside. An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections. [NIH] Linkage: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH]

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Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver cancer: A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the liver. [NIH] Living will: A health care directive that tells others how a person would like to be treated if they lose their capacity to make decisions about health care; it contains instructions about the person's choices of medical treatment and it is prepared in advance. [NIH] Local Government: Smallest political subdivisions within a country at which general governmental functions are carried-out. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Locomotion: Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. [NIH] Lorazepam: An anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. [NIH] Lumbar: Pertaining to the loins, the part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis. [EU] Lumen: The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ. [EU] Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH] Luteal Phase: The period of the menstrual cycle that begins with ovulation and ends with menstruation. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphocyte: A white blood cell. Lymphocytes have a number of roles in the immune system, including the production of antibodies and other substances that fight infection and diseases. [NIH] Lymphocyte Subsets: A classification of lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. [NIH] Malaise: A vague feeling of bodily discomfort. [EU] Malformation: A morphologic defect resulting from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process. [EU] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Mammary: Pertaining to the mamma, or breast. [EU]

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Mania: Excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behaviour, and elevation of mood. [EU] Marital Status: A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc. [NIH] Maternal Exposure: Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure. [NIH] Maternal Mortality: Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population. [NIH] Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a fullterm fetus. It consists of secretions of the intestinal glands, bile pigments, fatty acids, amniotic fluid, and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. [NIH]

Meconium Aspiration: Syndrome caused by sucking of thick meconium into the lungs, usually by term or post-term infants (often small for gestational age) either in utero or with first breath. The resultant small airway obstruction may produce respiratory distress, tachypnea, cyanosis, pneumothorax, and/or pneumomediastinum. [NIH] Mediator: An object or substance by which something is mediated, such as (1) a structure of the nervous system that transmits impulses eliciting a specific response; (2) a chemical substance (transmitter substance) that induces activity in an excitable tissue, such as nerve or muscle; or (3) a substance released from cells as the result of the interaction of antigen with antibody or by the action of antigen with a sensitized lymphocyte. [EU] Medical Records: illnesses. [NIH]

Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or

Medical Staff: Professional medical personnel who provide care to patients in an organized facility, institution or agency. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Medroxyprogesterone: (6 alpha)-17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone used in veterinary practice as an estrus regulator. [NIH] Medroxyprogesterone Acetate: An injectable contraceptive, generally marketed under the name Depo-Provera. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Membrane Lipids: Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation. [NIH] Menarche: The establishment or beginning of the menstrual function. [EU] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges. When it affects the dura mater, the disease is termed pachymeningitis; when the arachnoid and pia mater are involved, it is called leptomeningitis, or meningitis proper. [EU] Menopause: Permanent cessation of menstruation. [NIH] Menstrual Cycle:

The period of the regularly recurring physiologic changes in the

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endometrium occurring during the reproductive period in human females and some primates and culminating in partial sloughing of the endometrium (menstruation). [NIH] Menstruation: The normal physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and mucosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. [NIH] Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted. [NIH] Mercaptopurine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH] Mesenchymal: Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. [NIH] Mesoderm: The middle germ layer of the embryo. [NIH] Meta-Analysis: A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine. [NIH] Metabolite: Any substance produced by metabolism or by a metabolic process. [EU] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] Metrorrhagia: Uterine bleeding, usually irregular or acyclic, between periods. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microorganism: An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. Although viruses are not considered living organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms. [NIH] Microscopy: The application of microscope magnification to the study of materials that cannot be properly seen by the unaided eye. [NIH] Midwifery: The practice of assisting women in childbirth. [NIH] Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary Cushing syndrome. [NIH] Migration: The systematic movement of genes between populations of the same species, geographic race, or variety. [NIH] Miscarriage: Spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before the middle of the second trimester. [NIH] Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties. [NIH] Mitochondrial Swelling: Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it

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occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Monoclonal antibodies: Laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or therapy; each one recognizes a different protein on certain cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to a tumor. [NIH] Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Monophosphate: So called second messenger for neurotransmitters and hormones. [NIH] Morals: Standards of conduct as right or wrong. [NIH] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Mosaicism: The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single zygote, as opposed to chimerism in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote. [NIH] Motility: The ability to move spontaneously. [EU] Motion Sickness: Sickness caused by motion, as sea sickness, train sickness, car sickness, and air sickness. [NIH] Mucilaginous: Pertaining to or secreting mucus. [NIH] Multicenter study: A clinical trial that is carried out at more than one medical institution. [NIH]

Multiparous: 1. Having had two or more pregnancies which resulted in viable fetuses. 2. Producing several ova or offspring at one time. [EU] Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed). [NIH] Mutagen: Any agent, such as X-rays, gamma rays, mustard gas, TCDD, that can cause abnormal mutation in living cells; having the power to cause mutations. [NIH] Mutilation: Injuries to the body. [NIH]

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Mycoplasma: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria bounded by a plasma membrane only. Its organisms are parasites and pathogens, found on the mucous membranes of humans, animals, and birds. [NIH] Mycotoxins: Toxins derived from bacteria or fungi. [NIH] Mydriatic: 1. Dilating the pupil. 2. Any drug that dilates the pupil. [EU] Myocardial infarction: Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. [NIH] Narcotic: 1. Pertaining to or producing narcosis. 2. An agent that produces insensibility or stupor, applied especially to the opioids, i.e. to any natural or synthetic drug that has morphine-like actions. [EU] Natural killer cells: NK cells. A type of white blood cell that contains granules with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or microbial cells. Also called large granular lymphocytes (LGL). [NIH] Nausea: An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. [NIH] NCI: National Cancer Institute. NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the federal government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Needle Sharing: Usage of a single needle among two or more people for injecting drugs. Needle sharing is a high-risk behavior for contracting infectious disease. [NIH] Neonatal: Pertaining to the first four weeks after birth. [EU] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH]

Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Networks: Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves, a meshlike structure of interlocking fibers or strands. [NIH] Neural: 1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. [EU] Neural tube defects: These defects include problems stemming from fetal development of the spinal cord, spine, brain, and skull, and include birth defects such as spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. Neural tube defects occur early in pregnancy at about 4 to

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6 weeks, usually before a woman knows she is pregnant. Many babies with neural tube defects have difficulty walking and with bladder and bowel control. [NIH] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Neurotransmitters: Endogenous signaling molecules that alter the behavior of neurons or effector cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act directly to regulate ion channels, but also those that act through second messenger systems, and those that act at a distance from their site of release. Included are neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators, and neurohumors, whether or not acting at synapses. [NIH] Neutrophil: A type of white blood cell. [NIH] Nicotine: Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. [NIH] Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells. It is synthesized from arginine by a complex reaction, catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide is endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is released by the vascular endothelium and mediates the relaxation induced by some vasodilators such as acetylcholine and bradykinin. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic guanylate cyclase and thus elevates intracellular levels of cyclic GMP. [NIH]

Norgestrel: (+-)-13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A progestational agent with actions similar to those of progesterone. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (levonorgestrel). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive and ovulation inhibitor and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nuclear Family: A family composed of spouses and their children. [NIH] Nucleic acid: Either of two types of macromolecule (DNA or RNA) formed by polymerization of nucleotides. Nucleic acids are found in all living cells and contain the information (genetic code) for the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nulliparous: Having never given birth to a viable infant. [EU] Obstetrics: A medical-surgical specialty concerned with management and care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium. [NIH] Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation. [NIH] Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The

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prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases. [NIH] Oestrogen: A generic term for oestrus-producing steroid compounds; the female sex hormones. In humans, oestrogen is formed in the ovary, possibly the adrenal cortex, the testis, and the foetoplacental unit; it has various functions in both sexes. It is responsible for the development of the female secondary sex characteristics, and during the menstrual cycle it acts on the female genitalia to produce an environment suitable for the fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of the early embryo. Oestrogen is used in oral contraceptives and as a palliative in cancer of the breast after menopause and cancer of the prostate; other uses include the relief of the discomforts of menopause, inhibition of lactation, and treatment of osteoporosis, threatened abortion, and various functional ovarian disorders. [EU]

Ointments: Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons. [NIH] Olfaction: Function of the olfactory apparatus to perceive and discriminate between the molecules that reach it, in gas form from an external environment, directly or indirectly via the nose. [NIH] Oligomenorrhea: Abnormally infrequent menstruation. [NIH] Oncogene: A gene that normally directs cell growth. If altered, an oncogene can promote or allow the uncontrolled growth of cancer. Alterations can be inherited or caused by an environmental exposure to carcinogens. [NIH] Oophoritis: Inflammation of an ovary. [NIH] Opacity: Degree of density (area most dense taken for reading). [NIH] Opiate: A remedy containing or derived from opium; also any drug that induces sleep. [EU] Ornithosis: Infection with Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to man by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected birds. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by pneumonitis and systemic manifestations. [NIH] Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis and age-related (or senile) osteoporosis. [NIH] Outpatient: A patient who is not an inmate of a hospital but receives diagnosis or treatment in a clinic or dispensary connected with the hospital. [NIH] Ovarian Follicle: Spheroidal cell aggregation in the ovary containing an ovum. It consists of an external fibro-vascular coat, an internal coat of nucleated cells, and a transparent, albuminous fluid in which the ovum is suspended. [NIH] Ovaries: The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. [NIH] Ovary: Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones. [NIH] Ovulation: The discharge of a secondary oocyte from a ruptured graafian follicle. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Ovum Implantation: Endometrial implantation of the blastocyst. [NIH] Oxidation: The act of oxidizing or state of being oxidized. Chemically it consists in the increase of positive charges on an atom or the loss of negative charges. Most biological

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oxidations are accomplished by the removal of a pair of hydrogen atoms (dehydrogenation) from a molecule. Such oxidations must be accompanied by reduction of an acceptor molecule. Univalent o. indicates loss of one electron; divalent o., the loss of two electrons. [EU]

Oxytocic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting oxytocia (= rapid labor). 2. An agent that hastens evacuation of the uterus by stimulating contractions of the myometrium. [EU]

Oxytocin: A nonapeptide posterior pituitary hormone that causes uterine contractions and stimulates lactation. [NIH] Pachymeningitis: Inflammation of the dura mater of the brain, the spinal cord or the optic nerve. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Papillomavirus: A genus of Papovaviridae causing proliferation of the epithelium, which may lead to malignancy. A wide range of animals are infected including humans, chimpanzees, cattle, rabbits, dogs, and horses. [NIH] Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical antiinflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology. [NIH] Parity: The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with gravidity, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome. [NIH] Parturition: The act or process of given birth to a child. [EU] Paternity: Establishing the father relationship of a man and a child. [NIH] Pathogen: Any disease-producing microorganism. [EU] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Penis: The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra. [NIH] Pepsin: An enzyme made in the stomach that breaks down proteins. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perception: The ability quickly and accurately to recognize similarities and differences among presented objects, whether these be pairs of words, pairs of number series, or multiple sets of these or other symbols such as geometric figures. [NIH] Perforation: 1. The act of boring or piercing through a part. 2. A hole made through a part or substance. [EU]

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Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] Perinatal: Pertaining to or occurring in the period shortly before and after birth; variously defined as beginning with completion of the twentieth to twenty-eighth week of gestation and ending 7 to 28 days after birth. [EU] Peripheral blood: Blood circulating throughout the body. [NIH] Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum; a condition marked by exudations in the peritoneum of serum, fibrin, cells, and pus. It is attended by abdominal pain and tenderness, constipation, vomiting, and moderate fever. [EU] Pesticides: Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (industrial fungicides), insecticides, rodenticides, etc. [NIH] Petroleum: Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes and between the genotype and the environment. This includes the killer phenotype, characteristic of yeasts. [NIH] Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides; glycerophospholipids) or sphingosine (sphingolipids). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH] Pineal Body: A small conical midline body attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle and lying between the superior colliculi, below the splenium of the corpus callosum. [NIH] Pineal gland: A tiny organ located in the cerebrum that produces melatonin. Also called pineal body or pineal organ. [NIH] Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Placental tissue: The tissue intervening between fetal blood and maternal blood in the placenta; it acts as a selective membrane regulating the passage of substances from the maternal to the fetal blood. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid

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and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasma protein: One of the hundreds of different proteins present in blood plasma, including carrier proteins ( such albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin), fibrinogen and other coagulation factors, complement components, immunoglobulins, enzyme inhibitors, precursors of substances such as angiotension and bradykinin, and many other types of proteins. [EU] Platelet Aggregation: The attachment of platelets to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., thrombin, collagen) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a thrombus. [NIH] Platelet Factor 4: A high-molecular-weight proteoglycan-platelet factor complex which is released from blood platelets by thrombin. It acts as a mediator in the heparin-neutralizing capacity of the blood and plays a role in platelet aggregation. At high ionic strength (I=0.75), the complex dissociates into the active component (molecular weight 29,000) and the proteoglycan carrier (chondroitin 4-sulfate, molecular weight 350,000). The molecule exists in the form of a dimer consisting of 8 moles of platelet factor 4 and 2 moles of proteoglycan. [NIH]

Platelets: A type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called thrombocytes. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Pneumothorax: Accumulation of air or gas in the space between the lung and chest wall, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung. [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Pollen: The male fertilizing element of flowering plants analogous to sperm in animals. It is released from the anthers as yellow dust, to be carried by insect or other vectors, including wind, to the ovary (stigma) of other flowers to produce the embryo enclosed by the seed. The pollens of many plants are allergenic. [NIH] Polycystic: An inherited disorder characterized by many grape-like clusters of fluid-filled cysts that make both kidneys larger over time. These cysts take over and destroy working kidney tissue. PKD may cause chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease. [NIH] Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical symptom complex characterized by oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anovulation, and regularly associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. [NIH] Polymerase: An enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of DNA using a single DNA strand as a template. The polymerase copies the template in the 5'-3'direction provided that sufficient quantities of free nucleotides, dATP and dTTP are present. [NIH] Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. [NIH] Polymorphic: Occurring in several or many forms; appearing in different forms at different

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stages of development. [EU] Polymorphism: The occurrence together of two or more distinct forms in the same population. [NIH] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU] Polysaccharide: A type of carbohydrate. It contains sugar molecules that are linked together chemically. [NIH] Port: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port-a-cath. [NIH] Port-a-cath: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postmenopausal: Refers to the time after menopause. Menopause is the time in a woman's life when menstrual periods stop permanently; also called "change of life." [NIH] Postnatal: Occurring after birth, with reference to the newborn. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Post-traumatic: Occurring as a result of or after injury. [EU] Post-traumatic stress disorder: A psychological disorder that develops in some individuals after a major traumatic experience such as war, rape, domestic violence, or accident. [NIH] Potentiate: A degree of synergism which causes the exposure of the organism to a harmful substance to worsen a disease already contracted. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [NIH] Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. [NIH] Preeclampsia: A toxaemia of late pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, when convulsions and coma are associated, it is called eclampsia. [EU] Pre-Eclampsia: Development of hypertension with proteinuria, edema, or both, due to pregnancy or the influence of a recent pregnancy. It occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but it may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. [NIH] Pregnancy Complications: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a disease. The disease may precede or follow conception and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or fetus. [NIH] Pregnancy Outcome: Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including live birth,

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stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various reproduction techniques, such as embryo transfer or fertilization in vitro. [NIH] Pregnancy Tests: Tests to determine whether or not an individual is pregnant. [NIH] Prenatal: Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the fetus. [EU] Prenatal Care: Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality. [NIH] Prenatal Diagnosis: Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation embryo, fetus, or pregnant female before birth. [NIH] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Private Sector: That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests. [NIH] Privatization: Process of shifting publicly controlled services and/or facilities to the private sector. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progestogen: A term applied to any substance possessing progestational activity. [EU] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Prolapse: The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice. [NIH]

Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Prostaglandin: Any of a group of components derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway that are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiologic processes. The abbreviation for prostaglandin is PG; specific compounds are designated by adding one of the letters A through I to indicate the type of substituents found on the hydrocarbon skeleton and a subscript (1, 2 or 3) to indicate the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon skeleton e.g., PGE2. The predominant naturally occurring prostaglandins all have two double bonds and are synthesized from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) by the pathway shown in the illustration. The 1 series and 3 series are produced by the same pathway with fatty acids having one fewer double bond (8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid or one more double bond (5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid) than arachidonic acid. The subscript a or ß indicates the configuration at C-9 (a denotes a substituent below the plane of the ring, ß, above the plane). The naturally occurring PGF's have the a configuration, e.g., PGF2a. All of the prostaglandins act by binding to specific cell-surface receptors causing an increase in the level of the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (and in some cases cyclic GMP also). The effect produced by the cyclic AMP increase depends on the specific cell type. In some

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cases there is also a positive feedback effect. Increased cyclic AMP increases prostaglandin synthesis leading to further increases in cyclic AMP. [EU] Prostaglandins A: (13E,15S)-15-Hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-10,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGA(1)); (5Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13-trien-1-oic acid (PGA(2)); (5Z,13E,15S,17Z)-15hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13,17-tetraen-1-oic acid (PGA(3)). A group of naturally occurring secondary prostaglandins derived from PGE. PGA(1) and PGA(2) as well as their 19hydroxy derivatives are found in many organs and tissues. [NIH] Prostaglandins F: (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-Trihydroxyprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGF(1 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11,alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGF(2 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13,17-trien-1oic acid (PGF(3 alpha)). A family of prostaglandins that includes three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. All naturally occurring PGF have an alpha configuration at the 9carbon position. They stimulate uterine and bronchial smooth muscle and are often used as oxytocics. [NIH] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteinuria: The presence of protein in the urine, indicating that the kidneys are not working properly. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Prothrombin: A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia. [NIH]

Psittaci: Causal agent of ornithosis. [NIH] Psychiatric: Pertaining to or within the purview of psychiatry. [EU] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Puberty: The period during which the secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained. [EU] Public Assistance: Financial assistance to impoverished persons for the essentials of living through federal, state or local government programs. [NIH] Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level. [NIH]

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Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Puerperium: Period from delivery of the placenta until return of the reproductive organs to their normal nonpregnant morphologic state. In humans, the puerperium generally lasts for six to eight weeks. [NIH] Pulse: The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an artery produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. [NIH]

Pupil: The aperture in the iris through which light passes. [NIH] Purulent: Consisting of or containing pus; associated with the formation of or caused by pus. [EU] Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment. [NIH] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Racemic: Optically inactive but resolvable in the way of all racemic compounds. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Randomized clinical trial: A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively. At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial. [NIH] Rape: Unlawful sexual intercourse without consent of the victim. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH]

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Relative risk: The ratio of the incidence rate of a disease among individuals exposed to a specific risk factor to the incidence rate among unexposed individuals; synonymous with risk ratio. Alternatively, the ratio of the cumulative incidence rate in the exposed to the cumulative incidence rate in the unexposed (cumulative incidence ratio). The term relative risk has also been used synonymously with odds ratio. This is because the odds ratio and relative risk approach each other if the disease is rare ( 5 percent of population) and the number of subjects is large. [NIH] Reliability: Used technically, in a statistical sense, of consistency of a test with itself, i. e. the extent to which we can assume that it will yield the same result if repeated a second time. [NIH]

Reperfusion: Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing reperfusion injury. [NIH] Reperfusion Injury: Functional, metabolic, or structural changes, including necrosis, in ischemic tissues thought to result from reperfusion to ischemic areas of the tissue. The most common instance is myocardial reperfusion injury. [NIH] Reproduction Techniques: Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals. [NIH] Reproductive History: An important aggregate factor in epidemiological studies of women's health. The concept usually includes the number and timing of pregnancies and their outcomes, the incidence of breast feeding, and may include age of menarche and menopause, regularity of menstruation, fertility, gynecological or obstetric problems, or contraceptive usage. [NIH] Respiration: The act of breathing with the lungs, consisting of inspiration, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of expiration, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= oxygen consumption) or cell respiration (= cell respiration). [NIH] Resuscitation: The restoration to life or consciousness of one apparently dead; it includes such measures as artificial respiration and cardiac massage. [EU] Retinal: 1. Pertaining to the retina. 2. The aldehyde of retinol, derived by the oxidative enzymatic splitting of absorbed dietary carotene, and having vitamin A activity. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. One isomer, 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin, or visual purple. Another, all-trans retinal (trans-r.); visual yellow; xanthopsin) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal also combines with opsins in the cones (photopsins) to form the three pigments responsible for colour vision. Called also retinal, and retinene1. [EU] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Rigidity: Stiffness or inflexibility, chiefly that which is abnormal or morbid; rigor. [EU] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Risk-Taking: Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of

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certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her. [NIH] Rod: A reception for vision, located in the retina. [NIH] Rodenticides: rodents. [NIH]

Substances used to destroy or inhibit the action of rats, mice, or other

Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Salpingitis: 1. Inflammation of the uterine tube. 2. Inflammation of the auditory tube. [EU] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Sebaceous: Gland that secretes sebum. [NIH] Sebaceous gland: Gland that secretes sebum. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Sedative: 1. Allaying activity and excitement. 2. An agent that allays excitement. [EU] Selective estrogen receptor modulator: SERM. A drug that acts like estrogen on some tissues, but blocks the effect of estrogen on other tissues. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are SERMs. [NIH] Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase. [NIH] Semen: The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma. [NIH] Seminiferous tubule: Tube used to transport sperm made in the testes. [NIH] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Sepsis: The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. [NIH] Septic: Produced by or due to decomposition by microorganisms; putrefactive. [EU] Sequencing: The determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA chain. [NIH] Serratia: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the natural environment (soil, water, and plant surfaces) or as an opportunistic human pathogen. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Sex Determination: female or male. [NIH]

The biological characteristics which distinguish human beings as

Sex Ratio: The number of males per 100 females. [NIH] Sexual Abstinence: Refraining from sexual intercourse. [NIH] Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact. [NIH] Shame: An emotional attitude excited by realization of a shortcoming or impropriety. [NIH]

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Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Skull: The skeleton of the head including the bones of the face and the bones enclosing the brain. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smoking Cessation: Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. [NIH] Social Isolation: The separation of individuals or groups resulting in the lack of or minimizing of social contact and/or communication. This separation may be accomplished by physical separation, by social barriers and by psychological mechanisms. In the latter, there may be interaction but no real communication. [NIH] Social Security: Government sponsored social insurance programs. [NIH] Social Support: Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Sonogram: A computer picture of areas inside the body created by bouncing sound waves off organs and other tissues. Also called ultrasonogram or ultrasound. [NIH] Sound wave: An alteration of properties of an elastic medium, such as pressure, particle displacement, or density, that propagates through the medium, or a superposition of such alterations. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of

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a disease. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spermatozoa: Mature male germ cells that develop in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Each consists of a head, a body, and a tail that provides propulsion. The head consists mainly of chromatin. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Spontaneous Abortion: The non-induced birth of an embryo or of fetus prior to the stage of viability at about 20 weeks of gestation. [NIH] Stasis: A word termination indicating the maintenance of (or maintaining) a constant level; preventing increase or multiplication. [EU] State Government: The level of governmental organization and function below that of the national or country-wide government. [NIH] Statistically significant: Describes a mathematical measure of difference between groups. The difference is said to be statistically significant if it is greater than what might be expected to happen by chance alone. [NIH] Steel: A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation. [NIH] Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of a duct or canal. [EU] Sterilization: The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stillbirth: The birth of a dead fetus or baby. [NIH] Stimulant: 1. Producing stimulation; especially producing stimulation by causing tension on muscle fibre through the nervous tissue. 2. An agent or remedy that produces stimulation. [EU] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH]

Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Strand: DNA normally exists in the bacterial nucleus in a helix, in which two strands are coiled together. [NIH] Streptococcal: Caused by infection due to any species of streptococcus. [NIH] Streptococcus: A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment. [NIH]

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Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH]

Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subarachnoid: Situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Sublingual: Located beneath the tongue. [EU] Subspecies: A category intermediate in rank between species and variety, based on a smaller number of correlated characters than are used to differentiate species and generally conditioned by geographical and/or ecological occurrence. [NIH] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Suction: The removal of secretions, gas or fluid from hollow or tubular organs or cavities by means of a tube and a device that acts on negative pressure. [NIH] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Suppurative: Consisting of, containing, associated with, or identified by the formation of pus. [NIH] Symptomatology: 1. That branch of medicine with treats of symptoms; the systematic discussion of symptoms. 2. The combined symptoms of a disease. [EU] Synaptic: Pertaining to or affecting a synapse (= site of functional apposition between neurons, at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another by electrical or chemical means); pertaining to synapsis (= pairing off in point-for-point association of homologous chromosomes from the male and female pronuclei during the early prophase of meiosis). [EU] Synaptic Transmission: The communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors. These activated receptors modulate ion channels and/or secondmessenger systems to influence the postsynaptic cell. Electrical transmission is less common in the nervous system, and, as in other tissues, is mediated by gap junctions. [NIH] Synergistic: Acting together; enhancing the effect of another force or agent. [EU] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH] Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU]

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Tachypnea: Rapid breathing. [NIH] Tamoxifen: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It acts as an agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is an estrogen antagonist in mammary and uterine. [NIH] Tear Gases: Gases that irritate the eyes, throat, or skin. Severe lacrimation develops upon irritation of the eyes. [NIH] Terminator: A DNA sequence sited at the end of a transcriptional unit that signals the end of transcription. [NIH] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Testosterone: A hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. [NIH] Tetracycline: An antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces viridifaciens, but used mostly in synthetic form. It is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA binding during protein synthesis. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thermal: Pertaining to or characterized by heat. [EU] Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thrombopenia: Reduction in the number of platelets in the blood. [NIH] Thromboses: The formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel during life. [NIH]

Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thymus: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone. [NIH] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Toxaemia: 1. The condition resulting from the spread of bacterial products (toxins) by the bloodstream. 2. A condition resulting from metabolic disturbances, e.g. toxaemia of pregnancy. [EU] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or

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animals. [NIH] Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfer Factor: Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients. [NIH] Translocation: The movement of material in solution inside the body of the plant. [NIH] Transmitter: A chemical substance which effects the passage of nerve impulses from one cell to the other at the synapse. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Trisomy: The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell. [NIH] Trophoblast: The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst which works its way into the endometrium during ovum implantation and grows rapidly, later combining with mesoderm. [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Tumor Necrosis Factor: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes which has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. It mimics the action of endotoxin but differs from it. It has a molecular weight of less than 70,000 kDa. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Umbilical Arteries: Either of a pair of arteries originating from the internal iliac artery and passing through the umbilical cord to carry blood from the fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Umbilical Cord: The flexible structure, giving passage to the umbilical arteries and vein, which connects the embryo or fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Urea: A compound (CO(NH2)2), formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra. [EU] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in

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the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterine Contraction: Contraction of the uterine muscle. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Uvea: The middle coat of the eyeball, consisting of the choroid in the back of the eye and the ciliary body and iris in the front of the eye. [NIH] Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases. [NIH]

Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginitis: Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge. [NIH] Vaginosis: A condition caused by the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (e. g., Gardnerella vaginalis), resulting in vaginal irritation and discharge. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vasodilators: Any nerve or agent which induces dilatation of the blood vessels. [NIH] VE: The total volume of gas either inspired or expired in one minute. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Venules: The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Video Recording: The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (videodisc recording). [NIH] Videodisc Recording: The storing of visual and usually sound signals on discs for later reproduction on a television screen or monitor. [NIH] Villi: The tiny, fingerlike projections on the surface of the small intestine. Villi help absorb nutrients. [NIH] Villus: Cell found in the lining of the small intestine. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Vital Statistics: Used for general articles concerning statistics of births, deaths, marriages, etc. [NIH] Vitelline Membrane: The plasma membrane of the egg. [NIH]

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Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Volition: Voluntary activity without external compulsion. [NIH] War: Hostile conflict between organized groups of people. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Windpipe: A rigid tube, 10 cm long, extending from the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra. [NIH] Womb: A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the impregnated ovum is developed into a child. [NIH] Yeasts: A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae; therapeutic dried yeast is dried yeast. [NIH] Yolk Sac: An embryonic membrane formed from endoderm and mesoderm. In reptiles and birds it incorporates the yolk into the digestive tract for nourishing the embryo. In placental mammals its nutritional function is vestigial; however, it is the source of most of the intestinal mucosa and the site of formation of the germ cells. It is sometimes called the vitelline sac, which should not be confused with the vitelline membrane of the egg. [NIH] Zygote: The fertilized ovum. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abdomen, 295, 300, 316, 320, 327, 337 Abdominal, 16, 22, 292, 295, 301, 303, 327, 328 Aberrant, 7, 65, 110, 295 Abscess, 295, 313 Acetylcholine, 295, 303, 325 Achievement, 295, 307, 334 Adenosine, 295, 301 Adhesions, 83, 295 Adipocytes, 295, 319 Adjustment, 5, 6, 8, 205, 295 Adolescence, 27, 174, 253, 295, 303 Adolescent Medicine, 22, 38, 129, 145, 173, 295 Adrenal Cortex, 295, 310, 326, 331 Adverse Effect, 295, 336 Afferent, 295, 319 Age Groups, 70, 296 Aged, 80 and Over, 296 Airway Obstruction, 296, 321 Alertness, 296, 301 Algorithms, 125, 296, 300 Alkaloid, 296, 304, 325 Alleles, 6, 112, 296 Allo, 74, 296 Allogeneic, 59, 296, 313 Alpha-fetoprotein, 296, 311 Alternative medicine, 260, 296 Amenorrhea, 184, 212, 296, 329 Amino acid, 296, 297, 298, 299, 304, 314, 319, 327, 330, 332, 338, 340 Amino Acid Sequence, 296, 297, 299 Ammonia, 296, 340 Amniocentesis, 88, 170, 206, 253, 296 Amnion, 39, 296, 303 Amniotic Fluid, 296, 312, 321 Amphetamines, 296, 304 Anaerobic, 297, 324, 335, 341 Anaesthesia, 163, 297, 317 Analog, 297, 303, 322 Analogous, 297, 329, 340 Anaphylatoxins, 297, 304 Anesthesia, 52, 90, 159, 297 Angina, 261, 297 Annealing, 297, 329 Anomalies, 76, 103, 297 Anovulation, 212, 297, 329 Antagonism, 297, 301 Antibacterial, 297, 303, 336

Antibiotic, 41, 125, 297, 319, 336, 339 Antibiotic Prophylaxis, 125, 297 Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, 297, 298 Antibodies, Antiphospholipid, 297, 298 Antibody, 61, 165, 297, 298, 304, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 321, 323 Anticoagulant, 298, 332 Antidepressant, 298, 306 Antigen, 40, 110, 112, 297, 298, 301, 304, 315, 316, 317, 318, 321 Antigen-Antibody Complex, 298, 304 Anti-inflammatory, 128, 298, 299, 313, 316, 327, 330 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 298, 299 Antimetabolite, 298, 322 Antineoplastic, 298, 312, 322 Antiphospholipid Syndrome, 40, 297, 298 Anxiety, 20, 41, 139, 170, 204, 298, 320 Arachidonic Acid, 298, 331 Arginine, 297, 298, 325 Arrhythmia, 261, 298 Arterial, 298, 315, 332, 338 Arteries, 298, 300, 306, 322, 324, 340 Arteriolar, 124, 298, 301 Arterioles, 298, 300 Artery, 261, 262, 298, 300, 306, 309, 333, 334, 340, 341 Aspiration, 19, 37, 45, 51, 64, 93, 95, 130, 162, 253, 277, 298, 311 Aspirin, 74, 114, 298 Assay, 4, 14, 157, 299 Asymptomatic, 299, 313 Asystole, 64, 299 Auditory, 299, 335 Autacoids, 299, 316 Autoantibodies, 41, 297, 299 Autoantigens, 299 Autoimmune disease, 297, 299 Autoimmunity, 74, 149, 150, 163, 175, 182, 299 Autonomic, 295, 299, 306 Autonomic Nervous System, 299, 306 B Back Pain, 292, 299 Bacteria, 297, 298, 299, 309, 310, 313, 322, 324, 335, 336, 337, 341 Base, 299, 307, 319 Beer, 7, 67, 74, 299 Beta carotene, 45, 162, 299 Beta-Endorphin, 177, 299

344 Abortion

Beta-Thromboglobulin, 299, 318 Bewilderment, 300, 305 Bifida, 300, 324 Bilateral, 44, 300, 329 Bile, 300, 312, 320, 321, 337 Bile Pigments, 300, 321 Biochemical, 296, 298, 300, 319 Biological Transport, 300, 307 Biopsy, 300, 305 Biotechnology, 11, 14, 248, 260, 267, 300 Birth Certificates, 10, 11, 300 Bladder, 300, 325, 332, 340, 341 Blastocyst, 300, 305, 309, 326, 328, 340 Blood pressure, 300, 301, 315, 323 Blood vessel, 79, 300, 301, 302, 303, 310, 319, 322, 328, 336, 338, 339, 341 Body Fluids, 300, 301, 308 Bone Marrow, 300, 316, 318, 320, 323 Bowel, 46, 300, 301, 307, 325 Bowel Movement, 301, 307 Bradykinin, 301, 325, 329 Branch, 40, 77, 146, 289, 295, 301, 309, 312, 327, 332, 336, 338, 339 Breast Feeding, 261, 301, 334 Bypass, 269, 301 C Caesarean section, 127, 301 Caffeine, 4, 46, 47, 49, 94, 138, 301 Calcium, 301, 304, 332 Cannibalism, 143, 301 Cannula, 48, 119, 301 Capital Punishment, 43, 202, 204, 238, 239, 301 Carbon Dioxide, 301, 328, 334 Carcinogen, 301, 310, 323 Cardiac, 28, 64, 299, 301, 309, 324, 334, 337 Cardiolipins, 298, 301 Cardiorespiratory, 261, 301 Cardiovascular, 146, 261, 301, 302, 306 Cardiovascular disease, 261, 301 Cardiovascular System, 302, 306 Carotene, 299, 302, 334 Carotenoids, 299, 302 Case report, 46, 48, 71, 127, 157, 181, 302 Case series, 104, 302 Case-Control Studies, 123, 302 Catheter, 126, 302 Causal, 8, 193, 199, 302, 332 Cell Division, 299, 302, 328 Cell membrane, 300, 302, 328 Cellulose, 302, 328 Central Nervous System, 295, 296, 299, 301, 302, 304, 306, 314 Central Nervous System Infections, 302, 314

Cerebrovascular, 301, 302 Cerebrum, 302, 328 Cervical, 40, 61, 71, 94, 107, 157, 165, 253, 282, 302, 305 Cervix, 114, 126, 294, 295, 302, 303, 305, 319 Cesarean Section, 116, 303 Chemotactic Factors, 303, 304 Child Custody, 128, 303 Child Development, 146, 303 Chin, 50, 174, 183, 303, 322 Cholinergic, 303, 325 Chorioamnionitis, 56, 262, 303 Choriocarcinoma, 303, 315 Chorion, 303 Chromatin, 303, 337 Chromosomal, 6, 10, 56, 103, 303, 323 Chromosome, 16, 18, 67, 75, 76, 126, 129, 131, 159, 249, 303, 314, 319, 340 Chronic, 250, 275, 299, 303, 310, 317, 329, 338 Chronic renal, 303, 329 CIS, 275, 303, 334 Clindamycin, 151, 303 Clinical trial, 9, 96, 211, 213, 267, 303, 305, 306, 308, 323, 333 Cloning, 13, 119, 134, 239, 300, 304 Coagulation, 298, 301, 304, 329 Coca, 304 Cocaine, 4, 5, 50, 304, 306 Codon, 148, 304 Cofactor, 304, 332 Complement, 42, 297, 304, 305, 312, 319, 329 Complementary and alternative medicine, 169, 188, 304 Complementary medicine, 169, 305 Computational Biology, 267, 305 Conception, 5, 10, 52, 75, 151, 211, 295, 303, 305, 311, 321, 330 Condoms, 251, 305 Cone, 92, 127, 305 Cone biopsy, 127, 305 Confidence Intervals, 10, 11, 305 Confounding, 5, 6, 8, 250, 305 Confusion, 93, 305, 308 Conization, 305 Connective Tissue, 298, 300, 305, 320, 322, 338 Connective Tissue Diseases, 298, 305 Constitutional, 53, 70, 89, 103, 138, 170, 198, 227, 236, 237, 241, 243, 270, 305 Consumption, 4, 5, 7, 49, 138, 305, 307, 334 Contraindications, ii, 305 Control group, 6, 7, 305 Controlled study, 20, 116, 306 Convulsions, 306, 308, 330

Index 345

Coronary, 261, 301, 306, 322, 324 Coronary heart disease, 301, 306 Coronary Thrombosis, 306, 322, 324 Corpus, 115, 306, 327, 328, 331 Corpus Luteum, 115, 306, 331 Cortex, 185, 306 Cortisone, 306, 330 Cost Savings, 269, 306 Cotinine, 4, 5, 10, 306 Crack Cocaine, 252, 306 Cranial, 306, 314 Craniocerebral Trauma, 306, 314 Curative, 306, 339 Curette, 306 Cutaneous, 306, 313, 318, 320 Cyanosis, 306, 314, 321 Cyclic, 113, 180, 301, 306, 314, 325, 331 Cyst, 50, 307 Cytokine, 55, 64, 104, 174, 307, 318 Cytomegalovirus, 55, 76, 307 Cytotoxicity, 110, 307, 319 D Databases, Bibliographic, 267, 307 Deamination, 307, 340 Decidua, 69, 79, 88, 111, 307, 322, 328 Decision Making, 3, 277, 307 Denaturation, 307, 329 Density, 79, 307, 326, 336 Developed Countries, 47, 250, 307 Developing Countries, 176, 307 Diagnostic procedure, 215, 260, 307 Diastolic, 307, 315 Diffusion, 131, 194, 207, 300, 307 Digestive system, 213, 307 Digestive tract, 307, 336, 342 Dilatation, 253, 295, 307, 341 Dilate, 307, 319 Dilation, 17, 105, 126, 301, 308 Diploid, 308, 329, 340 Direct, iii, 8, 98, 110, 200, 281, 308, 333 Discrimination, 205, 276, 308 Disorientation, 305, 308 Diuresis, 301, 308 Domestic Violence, 153, 308, 330 Dopamine, 304, 308 Double-blind, 20, 61, 116, 151, 308 Double-blinded, 151, 308 Doxycycline, 19, 308 Drug Interactions, 282, 283, 308 Duct, 301, 308, 335, 337 Dura mater, 308, 321, 327 Dysmenorrhea, 212, 308 Dysphoria, 178, 308

E Eclampsia, 308, 330 Ectopic, 7, 59, 74, 115, 308 Ectopic Pregnancy, 7, 59, 74, 115, 308 Edema, 308, 323, 330 Effector, 295, 304, 308, 319, 325 Efficacy, 21, 32, 61, 64, 65, 119, 139, 155, 156, 192, 308 Ejaculation, 309, 335 Elective, 41, 50, 64, 72, 74, 107, 108, 116, 129, 139, 173, 202, 291, 309 Emboli, 109, 110, 309 Embolization, 109, 110, 309 Embryo, 33, 65, 178, 295, 296, 300, 309, 311, 317, 322, 326, 329, 331, 337, 340, 342 Embryo Transfer, 309, 331 Embryology, 309, 311 Emergency Medicine, 26, 79, 136, 309 Encephalocele, 309, 324 Endocarditis, 71, 309, 313 Endocardium, 309 Endocrinology, 76, 128, 153, 309, 314 Endoderm, 309, 342 Endogenous, 44, 299, 308, 309, 322, 325 Endometrial, 60, 68, 128, 153, 309, 326 Endometriosis, 65, 274, 309, 319, 325 Endometrium, 59, 122, 307, 309, 322, 340 Endophthalmitis, 44, 309 Endothelial cell, 309, 310, 318 Endothelium, 310, 325 Endothelium-derived, 310, 325 Endotoxin, 310, 340 End-stage renal, 303, 310, 329 Energy balance, 310, 319 Enkephalin, 299, 310 Environmental Health, 40, 62, 133, 211, 212, 266, 268, 310 Environmental tobacco smoke, 4, 8, 310 Enzymatic, 296, 301, 302, 304, 310, 321, 329, 334 Enzyme, 14, 308, 310, 311, 313, 314, 316, 327, 329, 332, 333, 342 Epidemiological, 10, 11, 205, 310, 334 Epithelial, 300, 307, 310 Epithelium, 303, 310, 327 Esophagus, 307, 310, 337 Estradiol, 113, 162, 310 Estrogen, 212, 310, 335, 339 Estrone, 211, 310 Eugenic, 84, 310 Euthanasia, 40, 108, 143, 144, 152, 165, 196, 209, 235, 238, 239, 310 Evacuation, 17, 92, 105, 126, 133, 157, 310, 327 Exogenous, 309, 310

346 Abortion

Extraction, 227, 303, 310 Extravasation, 310, 314 F Family Practice, 66, 92, 105, 109, 311 Family Relations, 212, 311 Fat, 295, 298, 299, 300, 302, 306, 309, 311, 319, 320 Fatigue, 311, 314 Fatty acids, 311, 313, 321, 331 Febrile, 115, 311, 326 Fentanyl, 19, 311 Fermentation, 299, 311 Fertilization in Vitro, 311, 331 Fetal Blood, 303, 311, 328 Fetal Death, 40, 77, 250, 311 Fetal Development, 191, 311, 324 Fetal Heart, 261, 311 Fetal Tissue Transplantation, 65, 200, 311 Fetoprotein, 311 Fibrinogen, 140, 311, 329 Fibroblasts, 311, 318 Foetoplacental, 311, 326 Folate, 111, 113, 177, 259, 311, 312 Folic Acid, 311 Follicles, 312, 317 Follicular Phase, 65, 212, 312 Fungi, 310, 312, 313, 322, 324, 341, 342 G Gallbladder, 295, 307, 312 Gamma-interferon, 312, 318 Gas, 296, 301, 307, 312, 315, 323, 325, 326, 329, 338, 341 Gastric, 312, 322 Gastric Acid, 312, 322 Gastrin, 312, 315 Gastrointestinal, 301, 306, 312, 338 Gene, 75, 112, 150, 180, 212, 238, 248, 296, 300, 312, 326 General practitioner, 46, 312 Genetic Engineering, 300, 304, 312 Genetic testing, 102, 212, 312, 329 Genetics, 67, 68, 71, 75, 90, 129, 131, 151, 165, 253, 312 Genital, 69, 312, 314 Genotype, 141, 312, 328 Germ Cells, 312, 326, 337, 339, 342 Gestational, 9, 10, 21, 71, 99, 135, 312, 321 Gestational Age, 9, 10, 135, 312, 321 Gland, 295, 306, 312, 320, 327, 332, 335, 337, 339 Glucocorticoid, 313, 322, 330 Glucose, 302, 313, 314, 317 Glucuronic Acid, 313, 314

Glutathione Peroxidase, 45, 162, 313, 335 Glycerophospholipids, 313, 328 Glycoprotein, 40, 77, 311, 313, 340 Gonadotropin, 59, 102, 128, 147, 303, 313 Gonorrhoea, 136, 313 Governing Board, 313, 330 Grade, 261, 313 Graft Rejection, 313, 316 Grafting, 313, 316 Gram-negative, 313, 324, 335 Granulosa Cells, 313, 317 Grasses, 312, 313, 315 Gravidity, 7, 125, 314, 327 Growth, 121, 191, 198, 212, 261, 295, 297, 303, 307, 311, 314, 318, 326, 328, 339 Guanylate Cyclase, 314, 325 H Habitual, 40, 41, 45, 50, 59, 74, 76, 117, 122, 151, 153, 162, 163, 174, 175, 314 Haploid, 314, 328 Headache, 89, 301, 314 Headache Disorders, 314 Health Services, 97, 176, 314 Heart attack, 301, 314 Heart failure, 52, 314 Heartbeat, 299, 314 Hematoma, 114, 314 Hemoglobin, 306, 314, 319 Hemoglobin M, 306, 314 Hemoglobinopathies, 43, 314 Hemorrhage, 109, 110, 261, 306, 314, 338 Heparin, 74, 90, 314, 329 Herbicides, 67, 315 Heredity, 312, 315 Histology, 60, 315, 327 Homologous, 296, 315, 338 Homosexuality, 119, 191, 207, 240, 247, 249, 315 Hormonal, 315 Hormone, 211, 212, 296, 299, 306, 310, 312, 315, 317, 319, 321, 322, 327, 331, 339 Hospice, 177, 315 Host, 77, 315, 316 Human Rights, 87, 195, 245, 275, 276, 315 Hybridomas, 315, 318 Hydatidiform Mole, 102, 303, 315 Hydrogen, 299, 307, 313, 315, 323, 327 Hydrogen Peroxide, 313, 315 Hypercholesterolemia, 261, 315 Hyperemesis, 89, 315 Hypertension, 23, 261, 301, 314, 315, 330 Hypnotic, 315, 320 Hypoxia, 250, 315 Hysteroscopy, 151, 316

Index 347

Hysterotomy, 303, 316 I Id, 58, 167, 184, 274, 278, 288, 290, 316 Idiopathic, 75, 141, 316 Immune response, 298, 299, 306, 313, 316, 338, 341 Immune Sera, 316 Immune system, 299, 316, 320, 342 Immunity, 42, 150, 316, 340 Immunization, 78, 85, 316 Immunodeficiency, 251, 252, 276, 316 Immunodeficiency syndrome, 252, 276, 316 Immunoglobulin, 45, 77, 104, 114, 116, 135, 148, 297, 316, 323 Immunologic, 41, 77, 135, 303, 312, 316 Immunosuppressant, 316, 322 Immunosuppressive, 313, 316 Immunosuppressive therapy, 316 Immunotherapy, 18, 59, 78, 316 Impairment, 300, 316, 322 Implantation, 67, 132, 174, 305, 316, 326 In vitro, 104, 150, 309, 316, 329 In vivo, 315, 316 Incision, 301, 316, 318 Indomethacin, 162, 316 Induction, 17, 19, 61, 162, 163, 317 Infancy, 261, 317 Infant, Newborn, 296, 317 Infanticide, 81, 144, 201, 317 Infarction, 317, 334 Infertility, 7, 16, 45, 76, 106, 118, 151, 185, 211, 256, 317 Inflammation, 128, 298, 303, 309, 317, 318, 321, 326, 327, 328, 329, 335, 338, 340, 341 Informed Consent, 33, 317 Infusion, 81, 317 Ingestion, 317, 329 Inhalation, 317, 326, 329 Inhibin, 212, 317 Insecticides, 317, 328 Instillation, 155, 317 Insulin, 4, 317 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 317 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, 153, 318 Interleukin-1, 57, 318 Interleukin-11, 57, 318 Interleukin-2, 94, 318 Interleukin-6, 57, 82, 318 Interleukin-8, 57, 318 Interleukins, 59, 318 Intestinal, 302, 318, 321, 342 Intestinal Mucosa, 318, 342 Intestines, 295, 312, 318, 321

Intracellular, 67, 301, 317, 318, 321, 325, 331, 335 Intraocular, 310, 318 Intravenous, 45, 114, 116, 135, 148, 317, 318 Invasive, 315, 316, 318 Involuntary, 6, 310, 318, 324 Ionizing, 318, 321 Ions, 299, 315, 318, 332 Irritants, 261, 318 Ischemia, 319, 334 K Karyotype, 6, 47, 66, 296, 315, 319 Kb, 266, 319 Keratinocytes, 318, 319 Killer Cells, 319 L Labile, 304, 319 Lactation, 319, 326, 327 Laminaria, 19, 86, 127, 253, 319 Large Intestine, 307, 318, 319, 333, 336 Lectin, 90, 319 Leptin, 128, 319 Leucine, 299, 319 Leukocytes, 300, 303, 316, 318, 319, 323, 340 Levonorgestrel, 152, 319, 325 Library Services, 288, 319 Ligaments, 306, 319 Lincomycin, 303, 319 Linkage, 23, 319 Lipid, 39, 162, 317, 320 Liver, 295, 296, 298, 300, 307, 312, 313, 315, 320, 330, 340 Liver cancer, 296, 320 Living will, 47, 320 Local Government, 320, 332 Localized, 314, 317, 320, 328, 340 Locomotion, 320, 328 Lorazepam, 139, 320 Lumbar, 299, 320 Lumen, 301, 320 Lupus, 297, 298, 320, 338 Luteal Phase, 153, 212, 320, 322 Lymph, 302, 310, 320 Lymph node, 302, 320 Lymphatic, 310, 317, 320, 322, 337, 339 Lymphocyte, 91, 136, 298, 319, 320, 321 Lymphocyte Subsets, 136, 320 Lymphoid, 297, 320 M Macrophage, 318, 320 Malaise, 308, 320

348 Abortion

Malformation, 4, 320 Malignancy, 320, 327 Mammary, 320, 339 Mania, 113, 321 Marital Status, 125, 276, 321 Maternal Exposure, 8, 321 Maternal Mortality, 14, 24, 141, 321 Meconium, 261, 321 Meconium Aspiration, 261, 321 Mediator, 318, 321, 329 Medical Records, 10, 11, 321, 334 Medical Staff, 308, 321 MEDLINE, 267, 321 Medroxyprogesterone, 113, 321 Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, 113, 321 Membrane, 12, 14, 296, 302, 303, 304, 309, 313, 321, 324, 328, 341, 342 Membrane Lipids, 321, 328 Menarche, 321, 334 Meninges, 302, 306, 308, 321 Meningitis, 72, 313, 321 Menopause, 321, 326, 330, 334 Menstrual Cycle, 59, 122, 312, 320, 321, 326, 331 Menstruation, 212, 235, 296, 307, 308, 312, 320, 321, 322, 326, 334 Mental, v, 8, 34, 49, 113, 140, 214, 231, 261, 266, 277, 303, 305, 308, 311, 321, 322, 332 Mental Disorders, 214, 322, 332 Mental Health, v, 8, 34, 140, 214, 231, 266, 322, 332 Mercaptopurine, 99, 322 Mesenchymal, 315, 322 Mesoderm, 322, 340, 342 Meta-Analysis, 139, 322 Metabolite, 94, 310, 322 Methotrexate, 15, 20, 51, 52, 63, 98, 99, 107, 136, 322 Metrorrhagia, 151, 322 MI, 5, 7, 83, 250, 252, 294, 322 Microorganism, 304, 322, 327, 342 Microscopy, 178, 322 Midwifery, 62, 63, 103, 104, 112, 322 Migration, 318, 322 Miscarriage, 5, 52, 150, 177, 185, 247, 275, 322 Mitochondrial Swelling, 322, 324 Modification, 4, 6, 296, 312, 323, 333 Molecular, 13, 68, 69, 90, 102, 122, 141, 267, 271, 297, 300, 305, 311, 314, 323, 329, 340 Molecule, 140, 298, 299, 301, 304, 308, 310, 319, 323, 327, 329, 333 Monitor, 57, 76, 149, 223, 323, 325, 341 Monoclonal, 12, 315, 323 Monoclonal antibodies, 12, 323 Monocytes, 318, 319, 323

Mononuclear, 64, 85, 110, 174, 323, 340 Monophosphate, 180, 323 Morals, 110, 176, 323 Morphological, 102, 177, 309, 323 Mosaicism, 94, 323 Motility, 212, 316, 323 Motion Sickness, 323, 324 Mucilaginous, 321, 323 Multicenter study, 151, 323 Multiparous, 156, 323 Mustard Gas, 318, 323 Mutagen, 323 Mutilation, 69, 323 Mycoplasma, 122, 302, 324 Mycotoxins, 324 Mydriatic, 308, 324 Myocardial infarction, 28, 261, 300, 306, 322, 324 Myocardium, 322, 324 N Naloxone, 299, 324 Narcotic, 311, 324 Natural killer cells, 56, 324 Nausea, 89, 138, 292, 324 NCI, 1, 213, 265, 275, 303, 324 Necrosis, 152, 310, 317, 322, 324, 334 Need, 3, 5, 6, 52, 56, 98, 137, 144, 153, 158, 212, 223, 250, 251, 252, 260, 268, 279, 303, 324 Needle Sharing, 252, 324 Neonatal, 41, 71, 72, 104, 114, 129, 175, 313, 324 Nerve, 297, 303, 321, 324, 327, 337, 340, 341 Nervous System, 177, 295, 299, 302, 321, 324, 325, 338 Networks, 324 Neural, 116, 295, 309, 311, 324 Neural tube defects, 116, 311, 324 Neurons, 304, 325, 338 Neurotransmitters, 323, 325 Neutrophil, 318, 325 Nicotine, 261, 325 Nitric Oxide, 180, 325 Norgestrel, 319, 325 Nuclear, 311, 324, 325 Nuclear Family, 311, 325 Nucleic acid, 325 Nucleus, 299, 303, 307, 323, 325, 337 Nulliparous, 33, 325 O Occupational Exposure, 8, 133, 325 Odds Ratio, 8, 10, 11, 325, 334 Oestrogen, 326

Index 349

Ointments, 326, 327 Olfaction, 89, 326 Oligomenorrhea, 212, 326, 329 Oncogene, 59, 326 Oophoritis, 313, 326 Opacity, 307, 326 Opiate, 299, 310, 324, 326 Ornithosis, 326, 332 Osteoporosis, 326 Outpatient, 123, 147, 326 Ovarian Follicle, 306, 313, 326 Ovaries, 326, 329, 335 Ovary, 306, 310, 326, 329 Ovulation, 297, 312, 313, 320, 325, 326 Ovum, 306, 307, 312, 326, 331, 340, 342 Ovum Implantation, 326, 340 Oxidation, 313, 314, 326 Oxytocic, 322, 327 Oxytocin, 156, 282, 327 P Pachymeningitis, 321, 327 Palliative, 326, 327, 339 Pancreas, 295, 307, 317, 327 Papillomavirus, 76, 327 Paraffin, 102, 109, 327 Parity, 9, 108, 327 Parturition, 325, 327 Paternity, 33, 109, 327 Pathogen, 77, 327, 335 Pathologic, 94, 300, 306, 327 Patient Education, 275, 286, 288, 294, 327 Pelvic, 84, 109, 110, 178, 309, 327, 332 Pelvis, 86, 295, 320, 326, 327, 341 Penis, 305, 309, 327 Pepsin, 322, 327 Peptide, 296, 299, 319, 327, 330, 332 Perception, 50, 182, 195, 198, 305, 327 Perforation, 155, 327 Perfusion, 315, 328 Perinatal, 71, 75, 146, 169, 177, 183, 250, 261, 328 Peripheral blood, 59, 64, 110, 174, 328 Peritonitis, 313, 328 Pesticides, 212, 315, 317, 328 Petroleum, 327, 328 Pharmacologic, 297, 299, 328, 339 Phenotype, 6, 328 Phospholipids, 67, 297, 298, 301, 311, 321, 328 Physical Examination, 312, 328 Physiologic, 311, 321, 322, 328, 331, 333 Physiology, 309, 314, 328 Pilot study, 40, 53, 111, 256, 328 Pineal Body, 328

Pineal gland, 181, 303, 328 Placenta, 57, 69, 80, 108, 111, 116, 261, 310, 311, 328, 331, 333, 340 Placental tissue, 68, 328 Plants, 177, 250, 296, 301, 304, 313, 315, 319, 328, 329, 339 Plasma, 45, 57, 111, 162, 177, 180, 259, 297, 300, 301, 302, 311, 314, 324, 329, 332, 335, 341 Plasma cells, 297, 329 Plasma protein, 329, 332 Platelet Aggregation, 297, 325, 329 Platelet Factor 4, 318, 329 Platelets, 299, 325, 329, 339 Pneumonia, 305, 329 Pneumothorax, 321, 329 Poisoning, 108, 165, 211, 324, 329 Pollen, 180, 329 Polycystic, 53, 111, 329 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, 53, 329 Polymerase, 6, 112, 329 Polymerase Chain Reaction, 6, 112, 329 Polymorphic, 6, 14, 329 Polymorphism, 40, 75, 112, 148, 330 Polypeptide, 296, 311, 330 Polysaccharide, 298, 302, 330 Port, 256, 330 Port-a-cath, 330 Posterior, 299, 327, 328, 330 Postmenopausal, 6, 326, 330 Postnatal, 261, 330 Postoperative, 151, 330 Post-traumatic, 38, 314, 330 Post-traumatic stress disorder, 38, 330 Potentiate, 318, 330 Practice Guidelines, 271, 330 Precursor, 298, 299, 308, 310, 330, 332 Prednisolone, 330 Prednisone, 114, 330 Preeclampsia, 23, 33, 41, 75, 330 Pre-Eclampsia, 38, 300, 330 Pregnancy Complications, 38, 330 Pregnancy Outcome, 6, 7, 45, 60, 90, 91, 105, 139, 141, 147, 190, 212, 250, 330 Pregnancy Tests, 312, 331 Prenatal, 3, 4, 5, 7, 37, 39, 43, 103, 115, 120, 131, 192, 199, 202, 206, 212, 241, 309, 331 Prenatal Care, 4, 5, 7, 192, 199, 331 Prenatal Diagnosis, 37, 39, 43, 103, 131, 202, 241, 331 Prevalence, 9, 10, 13, 42, 115, 173, 326, 331 Private Sector, 331 Privatization, 174, 331 Progesterone, 162, 293, 319, 322, 325, 331, 337 Progestogen, 124, 331

350 Abortion

Progression, 212, 252, 331 Progressive, 205, 303, 314, 324, 331 Prolapse, 46, 331 Prophylaxis, 19, 180, 331 Prospective study, 4, 39, 150, 331 Prostaglandin, 40, 62, 81, 89, 127, 155, 162, 163, 253, 322, 331 Prostaglandins A, 316, 331, 332 Prostaglandins F, 322, 332 Prostate, 274, 326, 332 Protein C, 296, 304, 332, 340 Protein S, 248, 300, 332, 339 Proteins, 13, 296, 298, 302, 303, 304, 318, 321, 323, 327, 329, 332, 339, 341 Proteinuria, 330, 332 Proteolytic, 304, 311, 332 Prothrombin, 150, 332 Psittaci, 12, 13, 28, 165, 326, 332 Psychiatric, 13, 34, 118, 128, 241, 249, 322, 332 Psychiatry, 24, 44, 86, 108, 113, 118, 146, 241, 254, 332 Psychic, 322, 332 Puberty, 295, 332 Public Assistance, 4, 332 Publishing, 11, 250, 251, 333 Puerperium, 325, 333 Pulse, 323, 333 Pupil, 308, 324, 333 Purulent, 295, 310, 313, 333, 341 Q Quality of Life, 138, 212, 333 R Race, 152, 182, 183, 204, 236, 242, 319, 322, 325, 333 Racemic, 319, 325, 333 Radiation, 318, 321, 333 Radioactive, 315, 316, 323, 325, 333 Radiography, 312, 333 Randomized, 15, 17, 19, 20, 37, 59, 61, 71, 95, 97, 107, 113, 119, 120, 127, 133, 155, 156, 165, 170, 253, 309, 333 Randomized clinical trial, 19, 97, 333 Rape, 173, 192, 330, 333 Receptor, 78, 82, 94, 298, 305, 308, 322, 333 Recombinant, 14, 333 Rectum, 301, 307, 312, 319, 332, 333 Reductase, 322, 333 Refer, 1, 304, 312, 320, 333 Refraction, 333, 336 Regimen, 40, 47, 144, 165, 308, 333 Relative risk, 7, 250, 334 Reliability, 48, 86, 334

Reperfusion, 28, 334 Reperfusion Injury, 334 Reproduction Techniques, 331, 334 Reproductive History, 9, 334 Respiration, 301, 323, 334 Resuscitation, 309, 334 Retinal, 124, 305, 334 Retrospective, 98, 104, 108, 179, 334 Retrospective study, 98, 179, 334 Rigidity, 328, 334 Risk factor, 5, 9, 10, 49, 91, 116, 176, 261, 331, 334 Risk-Taking, 54, 334 Rod, 335 Rodenticides, 328, 335 S Salivary, 307, 335 Salivary glands, 307, 335 Salpingitis, 157, 313, 335 Screening, 9, 37, 43, 60, 127, 153, 258, 303, 335 Sebaceous, 318, 335 Sebaceous gland, 318, 335 Secretion, 162, 303, 317, 318, 319, 322, 335 Sedative, 320, 335 Selective estrogen receptor modulator, 335, 339 Selenium, 121, 165, 335 Semen, 186, 212, 309, 332, 335 Seminiferous tubule, 317, 335, 337 Semisynthetic, 303, 335 Sepsis, 20, 68, 335 Septic, 52, 73, 148, 157, 249, 335 Sequencing, 329, 335 Serratia, 20, 335 Sex Characteristics, 295, 326, 332, 335, 339 Sex Determination, 12, 335 Sex Ratio, 133, 335 Sexual Abstinence, 251, 335 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 125, 129, 251, 278, 335 Shame, 143, 335 Shock, 117, 294, 336, 340 Side effect, 93, 130, 281, 295, 320, 336, 339 Signs and Symptoms, 150, 336 Skeleton, 331, 336 Skull, 306, 309, 324, 336 Small intestine, 315, 318, 336, 341 Smoking Cessation, 261, 336 Smooth muscle, 297, 299, 301, 332, 336, 338 Social Environment, 333, 336 Social Isolation, 10, 11, 336 Social Security, 315, 336 Social Support, 198, 212, 336

Index 351

Somatic, 295, 336 Sonogram, 50, 336 Sound wave, 336 Specialist, 98, 279, 308, 336 Species, 200, 296, 301, 308, 311, 319, 322, 323, 333, 336, 337, 338, 340 Spectrum, 83, 132, 336 Sperm, 303, 329, 335, 337 Spermatozoa, 76, 335, 337 Spinal cord, 302, 308, 321, 324, 327, 337 Spleen, 307, 320, 337 Stasis, 50, 174, 337 State Government, 269, 337 Statistically significant, 8, 337 Steel, 92, 337 Stenosis, 68, 337 Sterilization, 51, 60, 87, 165, 177, 192, 208, 249, 337 Steroid, 306, 326, 337 Stillbirth, 331, 337 Stimulant, 301, 306, 337 Stimulus, 318, 337, 339 Stomach, 295, 307, 310, 312, 315, 318, 324, 327, 336, 337 Strand, 329, 337 Streptococcal, 72, 319, 337 Streptococcus, 337 Stress, 67, 89, 103, 118, 180, 189, 198, 226, 299, 324, 338 Stroke, 214, 266, 301, 338 Subacute, 317, 338 Subarachnoid, 314, 338 Subclinical, 317, 338 Sublingual, 111, 338 Subspecies, 336, 338 Substance P, 322, 331, 335, 338 Support group, 184, 338 Suppurative, 309, 313, 338 Symptomatology, 67, 338 Synaptic, 325, 338 Synaptic Transmission, 325, 338 Synergistic, 261, 338 Systemic, 282, 294, 297, 298, 300, 317, 326, 330, 338, 340 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 297, 298, 338 Systolic, 315, 338

Therapeutics, 283, 339 Thermal, 329, 339 Thoracic, 299, 339, 342 Threshold, 315, 339 Thrombopenia, 298, 339 Thromboses, 67, 298, 339 Thrombosis, 107, 141, 300, 332, 338, 339 Thymus, 316, 320, 339 Thyroid, 43, 100, 150, 339 Topical, 315, 327, 339 Toxaemia, 330, 339 Toxic, v, 261, 307, 313, 316, 321, 325, 335, 339 Toxicity, 6, 308, 339 Toxicology, 47, 74, 176, 268, 339 Toxins, 298, 313, 317, 323, 324, 339 Trachea, 339, 340 Transfection, 300, 340 Transfer Factor, 316, 340 Translocation, 68, 340 Transmitter, 295, 308, 321, 340, 341 Transplantation, 75, 104, 303, 309, 316, 340 Trauma, 241, 324, 340 Trisomy, 6, 68, 94, 131, 152, 340 Trophoblast, 59, 69, 300, 340 Tuberculosis, 305, 320, 340 Tumor Necrosis Factor, 94, 180, 340

T

Vaccines, 156, 341 Vagina, 294, 303, 316, 322, 341 Vaginal, 15, 19, 20, 61, 62, 69, 91, 100, 107, 108, 120, 127, 151, 154, 156, 157, 162, 165, 166, 282, 293, 341 Vaginitis, 341 Vaginosis, 122, 341 Vascular, 310, 314, 317, 325, 326, 328, 341 Vasodilators, 325, 341

Tachypnea, 321, 339 Tamoxifen, 136, 162, 335, 339 Tear Gases, 318, 339 Terminator, 200, 304, 339 Testis, 303, 310, 326, 339 Testosterone, 212, 333, 339 Tetracycline, 308, 339

U Ulcer, 322, 340 Ultrasonography, 147, 151, 312, 340 Umbilical Arteries, 340 Umbilical Cord, 261, 303, 340 Unconscious, 316, 340 Urea, 253, 282, 340 Urethra, 327, 332, 340, 341 Urethritis, 313, 340 Urinary, 211, 340 Urine, 4, 5, 10, 103, 293, 300, 308, 310, 332, 340 Uterine Contraction, 295, 327, 341 Uterus, 42, 46, 295, 296, 303, 306, 307, 308, 309, 316, 322, 326, 327, 331, 341 Uvea, 310, 341 V

352 Abortion

VE, 236, 341 Vein, 107, 318, 325, 340, 341 Venous, 298, 300, 332, 341 Ventricle, 328, 333, 338, 341 Ventricular, 261, 341 Venules, 300, 341 Veterinary Medicine, 165, 267, 341 Video Recording, 251, 341 Videodisc Recording, 341 Villi, 315, 341 Villus, 315, 341 Virus, 251, 252, 276, 282, 302, 312, 341 Vital Statistics, 300, 341 Vitelline Membrane, 341, 342 Vitro, 315, 342 Volition, 318, 342

W War, 79, 149, 173, 198, 205, 234, 236, 238, 239, 245, 248, 323, 330, 342 White blood cell, 297, 319, 320, 324, 325, 329, 342 Windpipe, 339, 342 Womb, 341, 342 Y Yeasts, 312, 328, 342 Yolk Sac, 108, 342 Z Zygote, 305, 323, 342

Index 353

354 Abortion

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