Renewables Information 2010 (IEA Statistics)

IEA

STATISTICS

Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp

RENEWABLES

INFORMATION

2010

International Energy Agency

RENEWABLES

2010

INFORMATION

Renewables Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in OECD countries. This reference document brings together essential statistics on renewable and waste energy sources. It therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, which in turn can better inform the policy decision process to select policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Part II of the publication provides an overview of the development of renewables and waste in the world over the 1990 to 2008 period. A greater focus is given to OECD countries with a review of electricity generation and capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. Part III of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD renewable and waste market. Part IV provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for 30 OECD member countries, including 2009 preliminary data. It encompasses energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewables and waste. Renewables Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Coal Information, Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information and Oil Information.

(61 2010 06 1 P1) e110 ISBN 978-92-64-08416-2

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RENEWABLES

INFORMATION

2010 with 2009 data

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its mandate is two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply and to advise member countries on sound energy policy. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among 28 advanced economies, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency aims to: n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders.

© OECD/IEA, 2010 International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France

IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp

The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I 1. 2. 3.

INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION

Introduction ................................................... 3 Definitions ...................................................... 5 Sources and notes ...................................... 11

4. 5. 6.

Country notes .............................................. 15 Geographic coverage ................................. 23 Units and conversion factors .................... 25

PART II RENEWABLES MARKET OVERVIEW Development of renewables and waste in the world An IEA fact sheet ...............................................................................................................................................................31

Development of renewables and waste in OECD countries Primary energy supply .......................................................................................................................................................35 Electricity production ..........................................................................................................................................................37 Installed generating capacity..............................................................................................................................................41 nd

Sustainable production of 2

generation biofuels .................................................................................... 43

PART III RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW Table 1. World: renewables indicators in 2008 ..................................................................................................................49 Table 2. OECD: contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES .................................................................................52 Table 3. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources ...........................................................................53 Table 4. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydro .................................................54 Table 5. OECD: primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2008 ..........................................................................55 Table 6. OECD: estimated primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2009 .........................................................56

PART IV DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA OECD Total................................................................... 59 OECD North America .................................................... 69 OECD/IEA Pacific ......................................................... 79 OECD Europe ............................................................... 89 IEA Total ....................................................................... 99 IEA North America ...................................................... 109 IEA Europe.................................................................. 119 Australia ...................................................................... 129 Austria ......................................................................... 139 Belgium ....................................................................... 149 Canada ....................................................................... 159 Czech Republic ........................................................... 169 Denmark ..................................................................... 179 Finland ........................................................................ 189 France ......................................................................... 199 Germany ..................................................................... 209 Greece ........................................................................ 219 Hungary ...................................................................... 229

Iceland .........................................................................239 Ireland ..........................................................................249 Italy ..............................................................................259 Japan ...........................................................................269 Korea ...........................................................................279 Luxembourg .................................................................289 Mexico .........................................................................299 Netherlands .................................................................309 New Zealand................................................................319 Norway.........................................................................329 Poland..........................................................................339 Portugal .......................................................................349 Slovak Republic ...........................................................359 Spain............................................................................369 Sweden ........................................................................379 Switzerland ..................................................................389 Turkey ..........................................................................399 United Kingdom ...........................................................409 United States ...............................................................419

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ABBREVIATIONS

GJ

:

Gigajoule (109 joules)

GW

:

Gigawatt

GWh

:

Gigawatt hour = 3.6 Terajoules

kW

:

kilowatt

kWh

:

kilowatt hour

MW

:

Megawatt (electric)

MWh

:

Megawatt hour

MWth :

Megawatt thermal

m2

:

metre squared

t

:

metric ton = tonne

TJ

:

Terajoule (1012 joules)

1 toe

:

tonne of oil equivalent = 41.868 GJ = 107 kcal

TWh

:

Terawatt hour

GDP

:

Gross domestic product

RES

:

Renewable energy sources

TPES

:

Total primary energy supply

c

:

confidential data

e

:

estimated data

..

:

not available

x

:

not applicable

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PART I INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 3

1. INTRODUCTION Renewables Information 2010 is the ninth edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on renewable and waste energies to policy and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors of the renewables industry. This monitoring and reporting of historical trends as well as the current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, to better inform the policy decision process towards policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Renewables Information 2010 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on renewables and waste. It covers production, trade, transformation to electricity and heat, final consumption and installed generating capacity from renewables and waste. This introduction is followed by important information that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication. The information is structured as follows: Part I of the publication provides Introductory Information: 1. Introduction 2. Definitions 3. Sources and notes 4. Country notes 5. Geographic coverage 6. Units and conversion factors Part II of the publication provides an overview of developments in the markets for renewables and waste in the world. A greater focus is given to OECD Member countries. It also provides selected renewables indicators for non-OECD countries. This edition of Renewables Information will also present an extract from, “Sustainable Production of

Second-Generation Biofuels”, a publication released in 2010 on the requirements for a successful future biofuels industry. Part III provides, in a tabular form, a statistical overview corresponding to Part II. Part IV provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments in renewables and waste for each OECD Member country. The OECD data shown in this publication are primarily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administrations to ensure consistency in time series and with IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. The finalised data provide the basis for Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, national submissions to the United Nations and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the methodology sections of those publications for more detail on individual non-member countries covered in the publication. All tables are available on CD-ROM. Information on ordering CD-ROMs and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at www.iea.org. In addition, a data service is available on the internet. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-perview basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

iv - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA Web site.

support from Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged.

Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD renewables and waste statistics were the responsibility of Yasmina Abdelilah. Robert Schnapp had overall responsibility for this publication.

Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to:

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the nonOECD Member countries section headed by Roberta Quadrelli, to the OECD Balances section headed by Karen Tréanton, and to Anselm Eisentraut of the Renewable Energy Unit for his contribution to Part II of the publication. Editorial and desktop publishing

Robert Schnapp or Yasmina Abdelilah Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Tel: (33 1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 66 27 Fax: (33 1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail: [email protected]

The IEA is currently working with a group of 24 international organisations that collect or use energy statistics. The purpose of this group, called InterEnerStat, is to improve the quality of energy data by harmonising definitions for energy sources and flows. As a result of this work, the IEA has made some small changes in the terminology that do not affect the definitions. A few examples include: transformation sector becomes transformation processes distribution losses becomes losses industry sector becomes industry

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 5

2. DEFINITIONS Products Renewable(s) Energy products included in an aggregate with the adjective “renewable” include: hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide, wave, ocean, wind, solid biomass, biogas, liquid biomass and renewable municipal waste. Total renewables does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste, waste heat, net heat generated by heat pumps, and electricity generated with hydro pumped storage. Further discussion on the definition of “renewables” with regard to energy statistics is listed in Section 3. Sources and notes.

Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity refers to potential and kinetic energy of water converted into electricity in hydroelectric plants.

Geothermal Energy available as heat emitted from within the earth's crust, usually in the form of hot water or steam. It is used for electricity generation, heat production for sale to third parties or directly as heat in its primary form.

Solar thermal: This is solar radiation exploited for: x

hot water production by flat plate collectors (mainly of the thermosyphone type) for domestic hot water or seasonal heating of swimming pools

x

electricity generation by solar thermal-electric plants.

Tide / wave / ocean Mechanical energy derived from tidal movement, wave motion or ocean current and exploited for electricity generation.

Wind Kinetic energy of wind exploited for electricity generation by wind turbines.

Solid biomass Solid biomass covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin which may be used as fuel for heat and electricity production. Note that for biomass commodities, only the amounts specifically used for energy purposes (a small part of the total) are included in the energy statistics. Therefore, the non-energy use of biomass is not taken into consideration and the quantities are null by definition.

Solar radiation exploited for electricity generation and hot water production. Passive solar energy for direct heating, cooling or lighting of dwellings or other buildings is not included.

Wood, wood waste, other solid waste (primary sold biomass): covers wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and crops used for energy production), animal materials/waste, and sulphite lyes (also known as black liquor, this is a sludge that contains the lignin digested from wood for paper making).

Solar photovoltaic: This is solar radiation exploited for electricity generation by photovoltaic cells.

Charcoal: covers the solid residue of the destructive distillation and pyrolysis of wood and other vegetal material.

Solar energy

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Biogas Biogas is derived principally from the anaerobic fermentation of biomass and solid waste and is combusted to produce heat and/or power. Landfill gas: covers gas formed by the digestion of landfilled waste. Sewage sludge gas: covers gas produced from the anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge. Other biogas: covers gas such as biogas produced from the anaerobic fermentation of animal slurries and of waste abattoirs, breweries and other agrofood industries.

excluded from primary hydroelectricity generation. Therefore, it also is excluded from the contribution of renewables.

Gross heat production Heat production includes all heat produced by main activity producer CHP and heat plants, as well as heat sold by autoproducer CHP and heat plants to third parties. Fuels used to produce quantities of heat for sale are included in transformation processes under the rows CHP plants and heat plants. The use of fuels for heat which is not sold is included under the sectors in which the fuel use occurs.

Liquid biomass

Other aggregates

Liquid biomass includes fuels and bioadditives such as biogasoline biodiesel and other liquid biofuels.

Non-renewable combustibles/waste (Non-RCW)

Biogasoline: includes bioethanol, biomethanol, bioETBE and bioMTBE. Biodiesels: includes biodiesel, biodimethylether, Fischer Tropsh, cold pressed biooil and all other liquid biofuels which are added to, blended with or used straight as transport diesel. Other liquid biofuels: includes liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesels.

Includes non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste.

Industrial waste Industrial waste (e.g. tyres) consists of solid, liquid or gaseous products which are combusted directly, usually in specialised plants, to produce heat and/or electricity. Industrial waste is of non-renewable origin and do not belong to the category of solid biomass.

Municipal waste – non-renewable Municipal waste – renewable Renewable municipal waste consists of the biodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or electricity. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including biodegradable hospital waste.

Non-renewable municipal waste consists of the nonbiodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or electricity. It includes waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including non-biodegradable hospital waste.

Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW)

Electricity and heat Gross electricity production Gross electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station. It therefore includes the energy taken by station auxiliaries and losses in transformers that are considered integral parts of the station. Although output from hydro pumped storage plants is included in total hydroelectricity production, it is INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Includes solid biomass, biogas, liquid biomass, and the renewable portion of municipal waste.

Flows: energy balance The renewables and waste balances are presented in detail in Part IV. Table 5, Renewables and waste data, presents the sources of energy in the columns and the origins and uses in the rows.

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Each table is divided into three main parts: the first shows supply elements, the second shows the transformation processes and energy industries, and the third shows final consumption broken down into the various enduse sectors. The rows, or “flows”, defined below are also used in other tables in this publication (i.e. Total primary energy supply). The energy balance flows have the following functions: Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. combustible renewables and waste, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, etc. The calculation of production of hydroelectricity, geothermal, etc. is explained in Section 6, Units and conversions. Imports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customs clearance has taken place. Stock changes reflects the difference between opening stock levels on the first day of the year and closing levels on the last day of the year of stocks on national territory held by producers, importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers. A stock build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw as a positive number. Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of production + imports - exports ± stock changes. Statistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained statistical differences for individual fuels, as they appear in the basic energy statistics. See the introduction to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries for further details. Electricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit (and the inputs and outputs can not be distinguished on a unit basis), then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Both main activity producer1 and autoproducer2 plants are included here. The use of primary and secondary fuels for the production of electricity are shown as negative entries.

1. Main activity producer generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. 2. Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned.

Combined heat and power plants (CHP), refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity, sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations. If possible, fuel inputs and electricity/ heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above is adopted. Both main activity producer and autoproducer plants are included here. Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel inputs to electricity production are taken into account, while only the part of fuel inputs to heat sold is shown. Fuel inputs for the production of heat consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not included here but are included with figures for the final consumption of fuels in the appropriate consuming sector. Heat plants refers to plants designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third party under the provisions of a contract. Both main activity producer and autoproducer plants are included here. Charcoal production plants includes the transformation of primary solid biomass into charcoal. Since charcoal is a secondary product, the production of charcoal (which appears as a positive number in this row) is offset by the inputs of primary biomass (which appears as a negative number in this row) into the charcoal production process. Other transformation covers non-specified transformation not shown elsewhere. Energy industry own use contains the primary and secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC 3 05, 06, 19 and 35, Group 091 and Classes 0892 and 0721]. One example is own consumption in power plants (which includes net electricity consumed for pumped storage). Losses includes losses in biogas distribution and transport of combustible renewables and waste. Total final consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. Industry consumption is specified in the following sub-sectors (energy used for transport by industry is not included here but is reported under transport):

3. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Series M, No. 4 / Rev. 4, United Nations, New York, 2008.

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Iron and steel

ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431

Chemical and petrochemical industry

ISIC Divisions 20 and 21] excluding petrochemical feedstocks

Non-ferrous metals

ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432

Non-metallic minerals

such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc. ISIC Division 23

Transport equipment

ISIC Divisions 29 and 30

Machinery

comprises fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment ISIC Divisions 25 to 28

Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying

ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099

Food and tobacco

ISIC Divisions 10 to 12

Paper, pulp and printing

ISIC Divisions 17 and 18

Wood and wood products

(other than pulp and paper) ISIC Division 16

Construction

ISIC Divisions 41 to 43

Textile and leather

ISIC Divisions 13 to 15

Non-specified

any manufacturing industry not included above) ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32 Note: Most countries have difficulties supplying an industrial breakdown for all fuels. In these cases, the non-specified industry row has been used. Regional aggregates of industrial consumption should therefore be used with caution.

Transport includes all fuels used to transport [ISIC Divisions 49 to 51] goods or persons within the national territory, irrespective of the economic sector within which the activity occurs. Other covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 8588, 90-96 and 99], agriculture/forestry [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and nonspecified consumption. Non-specified includes military fuel use for all mobile and stationary consumption (e.g. ships, aircraft, road and energy used in living quarters) regardless of whether the fuel delivered is for the military of that country or for the military of another country. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Electricity generated shows the total number of GWh generated by thermal power plants separated into electricity plants and CHP plants, as well as production by hydroelectricity (excluding pumped storage production), geothermal, etc. Heat generated shows the total number of TJ generated by power plants separated into CHP plants and heat plants.

Flows: commodity balance The flows defined below describe the aggregated commodity balance presented in Table 6. These tables include sources of renewable and waste energy, both primary (geothermal, solar thermal, industrial waste, municipal waste, primary solid biomass, biogas, and liquid biomass) and secondary (charcoal). Data for each product is in original units (see Section 6 for more detail on units).

Production Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. combustible renewables and waste, geothermal or solar thermal. Production is calculated after the removal of impurities.

Net imports Net imports are the sum of total imports minus total exports.

Stock changes Stock changes include the difference between opening stock levels and closing stock levels as well as products transferred.

Gross consumption Gross consumption consists of production + net imports ± stock changes.

Statistical differences The difference between the calculated and the observed gross consumption.

Transformation processes Transformation processes include the conversion of primary forms of energy to secondary forms as well as further transformation.

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Energy industry own use This includes renewable energies and waste consumed by the energy industry to support the transformation activity.

Losses Losses refers to all losses occurring due to transport and distribution.

Final energy consumption The term final energy consumption (equal to the sum of the consumption in the end-use sectors) implies that energy used for transformation processes and for own use by the energy-producing industries is excluded. Final consumption reflects, for the most part, deliveries to consumers.

Industry Please see Flows: Energy Balance for the sub-sectors included in industry.

Transport Please see Flows: Energy Balance for the sub-sectors included in transport.

Other Please see Flows: Energy Balance for the sub-sectors included in other.

Additional definitions Net generating capacity Net generating capacity is defined as the sum of net maximum capacities of all stations taken individually at a given period of operation. It is the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all plants running, at the point of outlet to the network. It is assumed that all equipment is in full working order, that the power produced can be disposed of without any restrictions and that optimum conditions prevail as regards primary sources (i.e. flow and head in the case of hydroelectric plants; grades and quantity of fuel in hand and water supply, temperature and purity, in the case of combustible fuel-fired plants and assuming that the output and method of production in CHP plants are those which contribute to maximum electricity production). It represents the sum of all individual plants’ maximum capacities available to run continuously throughout a prolonged period of operation in a day. The capacity is net in the sense that it is the output capacity measured at the station busbars, i.e. after deducting the power consumed by station auxiliaries and losses in station transformers.

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3. SOURCES AND NOTES General notes This publication is the ninth edition of Renewables Information. Energy data for OECD countries are submitted by all OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat in a common format and methodology to allow for international comparisons. One general issue regarding renewable statistics is that the variety of definitions for the word “renewable” may not refer to the same energy sources. Some of the definitions of renewable energy used by national and international bodies, include specific renewables technologies such as large hydro, geothermal, peat, municipal waste or industrial waste while others exclude them. Similarly, renewables may or may not include non-commercial biomass, which has substantial effects regarding renewable data for developing countries. The Renewable Energy Working Party of the International Energy Agency set down the following broad definition: “Renewable Energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Therefore, in this publication the renewable products are: hydro (large, medium and small), geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide, wave, ocean, wind, solid biomass, gases from biomass, liquid biomass and renewable municipal waste.

It follows that total renewables does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste, waste heat, net heat generated by heat pumps, and electricity generated with hydro pumped storage. While some OECD member countries accept industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste as renewable energy sources, many countries exclude them on the grounds that they are not biodegradable. Under IEA methodology, industrial waste and nonrenewable municipal waste are excluded from the definition of renewable energy sources. However, these data are included in this publication in order to account for the full range of statistics collected in the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire. Even though data quality improves with each new edition due to the continuous efforts of the IEA in partnership with national administrations, it is important to highlight that difficulties exist in the collection of some data. As a result, there are often breaks in the time series among countries. For example, one continuing problem is the breakdown between municipal waste and industrial waste. In some countries industrial waste statistics are not of the same quality as those for other products, because renewables and waste data collection systems were not in place in many countries in the early 1990s. Furthermore, the breakdown between the renewable and non-renewable portions of municipal waste are sometimes not known and as a result, are based on estimates. The breakdown is important because most countries include the renewable (biodegradable) part of municipal waste in their renewables definition, while they exclude the remainder. The classification of waste as renewable is also important because the non-renewable component is counted when calculating CO2 emissions. Data collection from off-grid systems that work independently or are connected to a local distribution

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system also remains a problem. These systems are frequently omitted in national statistics due to difficulties in collecting these data. This is, for example, the case regarding solar energy data, where for a number of countries, production and capacity are likely to be considerably higher than indicated in this publication. Collection of the data presents national governments with some unique challenges. Renewable energy systems tend to be smaller than conventional systems, and harder to track. Operators tend to be more diverse and more numerous. Many systems are connected to the grid at the distribution level, rather than at the transmission level, and so do not require interconnection permits. National governments are seeking to improve data collection methods to reflect the nature of renewable energies. In general, the dispersion of renewables and waste production, specifically off-grid production (such as domestic solar collectors and/or small wind turbines), creates transparency and measurement problems. Thus, the nature and structure of the renewables energy market impedes data quality and reliability when compared to that of the traditional fossil fuels, which mainly produce heat and electricity in grid-connected plants. Non-commercial biomass is included in the IEA definition, but data are not always complete. Electricity from fuel cells using hydrogen from renewable, as well as non-renewable, sources is not included in this publication due to a lack of reliable information. Energy flows data reported for 2009 (shown as 2009e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2010 and on monthly submissions to the IEA from Member countries.

Qualifiers Data marked as ‘e’ are the estimates of the IEA secretariat. Data marked as ‘c’ means that data are confidential due to country specific regulations. Data marked as ‘..’ means that data are not available (either not collected or not submitted by national government). Data marked as ‘x’ means that the data point is not applicable, that is, there is no meaningful explanation of a value there (for example it is difficult to show the share in total energy sources of stock changes).

Data sources Historical data (1990-2008) The annual historical data in Part III of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries.

i) IEA/OECD renewables statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydroelectricity, solid biomass, geothermal, renewable municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, liquid biomass, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide/wave/ ocean, non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes electricity and heat production from renewable sources and supply/demand balances of renewable and waste products. The main data from this system are published annually in this publication.

ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics

When using these data, special attention should also be given to the percentage that renewables represents in TPES in countries where the net trade of electricity is large and also represents a significant percentage. In these cases, the high net imports or exports of electricity can heavily influence the percentage of renewables in TPES.

This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producer and autoproducer plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants.

Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this publication are based on data available at the time of publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD data to be published in Energy Statistics of nonOECD Countries.

The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.

Additional information on the methodologies and reporting conventions used here are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

iii) IEA/OECD energy balances Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics systems of the IEA. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix

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format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found.

iv) OECD main economic indicators OECD Main Economic Indicators is a monthly compilation of a range of indicators on recent economic developments for the 30 OECD Member countries. Please refer to this publication for detailed notes regarding the selected indicators.

Latest year data: 2009 Energy data reported for 2009 in this publication are submitted to the Secretariat by Member countries as preliminary data and are shown in this book as 2009e. Final 2009 data on renewables and waste will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in Annual Questionnaires in late 2010. As a result, final data for 2009 and preliminary 2010 data will be published in the 2011 edition of Renewables Information.

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4. COUNTRY NOTES General notes This report is focused on the data from 1990 onward, due to the limited availability of data prior to 1990. The 2009 data are preliminary and are based on national administrations’ own estimates, unless otherwise specified. For Australia, Japan and New Zealand (prior to 1994) electricity data refer to fiscal years. In cases where the breakdown of municipal waste into renewable and non-renewable components was not reported, the IEA Secretariat estimated equal shares of renewable and non-renewable components.

Australia Biogas production at sewage treatment plants is unavailable. Prior to 1995, electricity production from biogas was included in natural gas. A different industry consumption breakdown is available from 1996 and leads to breaks in the series. Electricity production from solar thermal power stations begins in 2003. Efficiencies used to calculate the solar thermal inputs to transformation were chosen by the Australian administration to be consistent with their national statistics. In the 2010 edition, inputs of landfill gas and outputs of electricity production were revised between 2001 and 2007 to reallocate the amounts previously allocated to natural gas.

Austria Data for solar photovoltaic and wind are available from 1993.

Prior to 2002, data for biogases only included plants of 1 MW or larger. Capacities for other biogas include plants with multifiring capabilities. Electricity (only) plants data includes CHP plants operating in electricity only mode

Belgium For 1998 and 1999, electricity production at CHP plants with annual heat output below 0.5 TJ is reported with electricity only plants. The federal authorities are changing their method of collecting data: The operators in the relevant sectors are to be surveyed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs according to a survey based on that of the IEA. The Institut de Conseil et d’Études en Développement Durable will continue to provide complementary information. Due to this ongoing change, industrial waste and other biogas consumed in Transformation sector for 2004 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat. In 2003, combustion of municipal waste for electricity and heat generation purposes increased significantly. However, as a portion of the heat produced is not used (sold) it has led to a significant drop in plant efficiencies between 2002 and 2003. Data on biodiesels are available starting in 2007. Data on biogasoline are available starting in 2008.

Canada Only gross maximum electrical capacity is available. Inputs of combustible renewables and waste to autoproducer plants generating electricity are estimated by the Canadian administration. The split of municipal INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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waste is reported as 65% renewable and 35% non renewable. Trade of solid biomass may be included in the production and consumption. The Canadian administration is working to separate out the data and reporting the trade explicitly. The IEA Secretariat has estimated the data for industrial waste from 1990 to 2007, liquid biomass (ethanol) from 1998 to 2004, municipal waste from 1990 – 2004, and landfill gas from 1997 – 2006 based on information supplied by Natural Resources Canada. Landfill gas production and consumption for 2007 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat using information from Environment Canada, Waste Management. For 2008, partial information on landfill gas consumption was submitted by the Canadian Administration and the other series were estimated by the IEA Secretariat. In 2007, a new report was released on municipal solid waste used for electricity and heat production in 2005 and 2006. . In addition to the report, the Canadian administration reclassified main activity plants as autoproducers and only had information available on net production of heat and electricity from municipal Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report (2009 Edition).

Czech Republic The Czech Republic became a separate state in 1993 and since then data have been officially submitted by the Czech administration. This may lead to breaks in series between 1992 and 1993. Solid biomass inputs to main activity producer electricity plants and CHP plants include industrial waste and biogas for 1995 and 1996. Data on biogas used in main activity producer CHP and autoproducer heat plants start in 1997. Data for liquid biomass are available starting in 1992 and for municipal waste starting in 1999. The restructuring of the Czech electricity market leads to breaks in the time series in all sectors between 1998 and 2000. New survey systems cause breaks in final consumption in 1999 and in 2002. Breaks in both supply and consumption of combustible renewables and waste occur again in 2003. The exports of biodiesel increased in 2005 driven by high prices for the commodity. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

In 2008, hospital waste incinerated with industrial waste is reported as industrial waste instead of municipal solid waste because it was not possible to distinguish the wastes used at incineration facilities of hazardous wastes.

Denmark Fish oil used in heat plants is included with solid biomass. Electricity consumption in non-specified energy sectors includes consumption in district heating plants and use for the distribution of electricity. The number of heating companies burning wood chips in boilers that are equipped with flue-gas condensation is increasing. This implies a very high efficiency for heat plants.

Finland Prior to 1992, outputs from the use of combustible renewables and waste to generate electricity and/or heat were included in peat. Therefore the IEA Secretariat estimated the breakdown of outputs from municipal waste and solid biomass based on inputs reported. Before 1999, all wood electricity production from autoproducers is allocated to CHP plants. Data for biogas and industrial waste are available from 1996. Heat output from autoproducer CHP plants become available in 1996. A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in series for most products and sectors between 1999 and 2000. Prior to 2004, industrial waste included some other products such as hydrogen, heat from chemical process, natural gas and blast furnace gas, etc. The Finnish National Administration is working on harmonizing combustible renewables and waste data for the years 2000 to 2008, where several breaks exist.

France Solar photovoltaic capacity data and electricity production data are collected from two different sources and thus cover two different time periods. Electricity production from wind is available from 1991.

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Plants using municipal waste were reclassified as autoproducer CHP plants from 1995. In 2005, autoproducer CHP efficiencies for other biogas drop due to the opening of a larger, less efficient plant. In the 2010 edition, data for wood and other solid biomass was revised back to 1990 in the residential sector based on a new household survey.

Germany GDP figures prior to 1991 are based on conversions made by the German Institute for Economic Research (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) and the former Statistical Office of the GDR (Statistisches Amt der DDR). These conversions are highly dependent on specific hypotheses and do not necessarily reflect economic realities. The German Federal Statistics Office reclassified some industrial branches which may cause a break in series in final consumption sub-sectors of industry between 1994 and 1995. The German administration started reporting near surface geothermal energy in 1995, which leads to a break in time series with 1994, where only deep geothermal energy is reported. A new survey for renewables causes breaks in the time series between 1998 and 1999. In some instances, electricity generation from hydroelectricity, solar and wind in autoproducer electricity plants are confidential or non-available and therefore are included in main activity producer electricity plants. The same applies to gas from biomass from 1999. Electricity consumed in the energy sector is not available for small industrial plants in 2000, which may cause breaks in the time series. The German administration submitted an incomplete annual questionnaire on renewables and waste for the years 2001 and 2002. As a consequence, the IEA Secretariat estimated the missing data based on statistics published by the Federal Environment Ministry and data submitted in the Electricity and Heat questionnaire. Prior to 2003 electricity production in electricity plants includes production from CHP plants and heat production in CHP plants includes production from heat plants.

There is a large drop in the series reported for industrial waste between 2004 and 2005 because new information redistributed amounts previously reported as industrial waste into municipal waste, solid biomass and biogas. A new reporting system leads to break in series between 2002 and 2003 and again between 2006 and 2007. Many main activity CHP plants that burn combustible renewables and waste were reclassified as electricity only and a new time series under autoproducer electricity plants was introduced in 2007. The German administration is undertaking the reconciliation of historical data. Electrical capacity of industrial waste in 2007 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat based on shares of electricity production and capacity data available from all combustible fuels. In the 2010 edition, Germany changed their methodology for reporting heat. From 2007 onwards all heat production in autoproducers is considered as non-sold (i.e. for self-use). Therefore inputs of combustible renewables and waste for this heat production are no longer reported in the transformation sector and appear in final energy consumption, broken down by sector, in 2007. More information on district heat has also become available in 2007, resulting in increased inputs to main activity heat plants starting in 2007. These issues combined to cause breaks in the transformation and final consumption time series between 2006 and 2007. Prior to 2008, data for municipal solid waste and industrial waste data were collected together and the split between the two types of waste had been estimated. Starting in 2008, municipal solid waste and industrial waste data were collected separately. This leads to breaks in the time series between 2007 and 2008.

Greece No heat production of solar heat is reported although it exists. Inputs of solid biomass to charcoal production are estimated by the IEA Secretariat assuming efficiency of 40%. Data on industrial waste are available from 1992. New information on solid biomass is available from 1996. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Data on direct use of geothermal energy in the residential sector is available starting in 2004. The Greek administration is investigating the reporting methods of geothermal and solar thermal data. Industrial waste used in autoproducer CHP plants decreased substantially in 2006 because a plant closed.

The increase in hydroelectric and geothermal electricity production and capacity in 2007 and 2008 is due to the expansion of the aluminium industry.

Ireland Electricity production from wind begins in 1992.

Hungary Electricity and heat production from solid biomass autoproducer CHP plants is available from 1995. Geothermal heat production from main activity producer heat plants is also available from 1995. From 1995, a better allocation of solid biomass used in autoproducer CHP plants and specific industry sectors is available. The Hungarian administration reclassified some of their plants in 1996 and 2000 which may lead to breaks in the time series. Data for wind and solar thermal are available from 2001. Industrial waste data are available from 2003. Data for biogas are available from 2000. Biodiesel production is available from 2007.

Iceland Electricity production from geothermal sources in CHP plants is available from 1992. Heat production from municipal waste is available from 1993. In 1998, 60 MW of generating capacity was installed in a single geothermal CHP plant. Since the plant was inoperable for four months, production of geothermal heat decreased compared to 1997. The extra electricity capacity caused electricity production from geothermal to almost double over the same period. In 2002, the increase of heat produced by geothermal was due to the installation of a third unit at the Nesjavellir CHP power plant. In 2007, the Icelandic administration decided not to estimate the allocation of geothermal consumption amongst the sub-sectors of the industry sector as they had done from 1999 – 2006 and instead reported all industry consumption under not-elsewhere specified. Biogas used for transport purposes was reported for the first time in 2007. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

From 1993 to 1995, end-use consumption of gas from biomass is included in the transformation sector.

Italy Up to 2003 solid biomass capacity includes industrial waste capacity. Heat produced for sale (distributed heat) was not available and hence not officially reported to the IEA until 2004. From 2000 onwards, the Italian administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. However, for the 2000 to 2002 period all electricity production from autoproducers is reported with main activity producers. Combustible renewables and wastes were reclassified in 2008 which result in several breaks in the transformation sector. Data collection for wood and other solid biomass enduse by sector was improved in 2008.

Japan Data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 2008 to March 2009 for 2008). As a result, solar thermal data is not yet available for 2008, and was estimated as equal to 2007. Electricity and heat produced in CHP plants are not included in the data series. Heat produced and sold from geothermal and solar thermal sources is not reported in the transformation sector. Stock changes in industrial waste represent stocked tyres on the consumer side reserved for energy production Inputs to charcoal production are estimated by the IEA Secretariat assuming efficiency of 40%.

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Production of electricity from solar photovoltaic and wind in autoproducer electricity plants is understated as it only covers generation from plants with capacity of 1000kW or more. Prior to 1998, the electricity produced using TRT technology (Top pressure Recovery Turbines) was included with electricity generated from wood, wood waste and other solid waste. National surveys which gathered data on the production of electricity from solar photovoltaic were suspended from 1998 to 2004. The Japanese administration used the data reported in 1997 and assumed stable production in order to estimate the data for 1998 to 2004. A break in time series occurs in 2005 when the survey was restarted and updated production figures were available. From 2005 to 2007, the electricity produced in main activity electricity plants from solar photovoltaic decreased because plants were out of operation due to maintenance. Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report (2009 Edition). For the 2010 edition, the Japanese Administration revised the time series for other biogas and reported amounts that were blended with natural gas in transformation from 1990 to 2006. The IEA Secretariat estimated the photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation from autoproducers starting in 1992 based on an average capacity factor of 12 percent and capacity data for autoproducers. Autoproducer PV capacity is derived from data from the Japanese Administration as well as the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA-PVPS) report, “Trends in Photovoltaic Applications” published in 2009. The capacity factor was based on the report “National survey report of PV Power Applications in Japan 2007”, published in 2007 by IEA-PVPS. The corresponding electricity consumption has been included with nonspecified other consumption.

Korea Data on pumped storage in electricity plants are available from 1991. For heat production and a part of electricity production for 1990 to 2004 estimates were made by the IEA Secretariat.

Prior to 2007, the consumption of landfill gas in main activity CHP plants may have been included in main activity heat plants. Difficulties in ownership classification are also the reason landfill gas data only appears one time in the commercial and public services sector in 2006.

Luxembourg A majority of the hydroelectricity production shown is from the Vianden pumped storage plant and is exported directly to Germany. Data on solid biomass are available from 1992. Data for solar thermal are available starting in 1999. Electricity and heat production from biomass gas are available from 1999.

Mexico Electricity production from wind is available from 1994. Data on electricity production from solid biomass and gas from biomass are available from 1998. Direct use of solar thermal and electricity production from solar PV is available from 1990. CRE (Comisión Reguladora de Energia) publishes data for electricity generation by autoproducers since 1998. Data for solid biomass used in autoproducer electricity plants from 2003 to 2007 have been estimated by the Mexican Administration, but the resulting efficiencies are not in line with preceding and subsequent data which are based on surveys.

Netherlands All electricity and heat produced from combustible renewables and waste is included in CHP plants for the years 1990-1994. From 1995 onwards the electricity and heat produced is broken down into Electricity only, CHP and Heat only. In 2006 some plants changed ownership and classification from electricity only to CHP as they started heat projects. This has an impact on the balance of municipal waste and landfill gas. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Biodiesel imports data for 2006 and 2007 are net imports which include exports and stock changes. For 2006 and 2007, only consumption data for biogasoline submitted by the Dutch administration. Production and imports were estimated by the IEA Secretariat as equal shares. Direct use of geothermal heat is available from 1990 and direct use of solar thermal heat from 2002.

New Zealand The series reported as industrial waste in previous editions represents industrial waste heat. The portion used to generate autoproducer electricity was correctly reported but the amounts consumed in the chemical industry should not have been included in production and consumption as well.

Poland Data for biogas refer only to the gas from fermentation of biomass. Data for industrial waste includes gaseous industrial waste. Due to changes in data availability, there is a large increase in solid biomass between 1992 and 1993. The Polish administration adopted new methodologies to estimate the production of heat sold in heat plants (1993) and in CHP plants (1995). This causes breaks in the series for years from 1992 to 1995 for heat production and fuel inputs in these plants. In the 2005 edition, biogas electricity production by main activity producers was reclassified as autoproducer production from 1995 to 2003.

From 1994, data refer to calendar year, which results in a break in series between 1993 and 1994.

Changes in the data collection process lead to breaks in the series between 1996 and 1997.

Electricity production by autoproducers from geothermal is available from 1995.

Before 2000, industrial waste was used interchangeably with light fuel oil in some plants, which might result in breaks in the time series.

In 1999, a reclassification of autoproducer plants leads to breaks in the time series. Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1990 and on direct use of solar thermal heat is available from 2002.

Data on direct use of geothermal became available in 2000. Data on direct use of solar thermal became available in 2002. Data on liquid biomass is available starting in 2003.

Norway Data for industrial waste and biogas are available from 1991. Electricity production from wind is available from 1992. Heat production from biogas is available from 1995. Breaks in series between 1996 and 1997 are due to a reclassification of main activity producers and autoproducers. All data for biodiesel are confidential until 2005. Only import data are available after 2005. Prior to 2007, equal shares of renewable and nonrenewable waste were estimated because the actual split was not known. Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity in were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report (2009 Edition). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Industrial waste and solid biomass are co-fired with other fuels for electricity production. For plants where multiple fuels are used to for electricity production, capacities are reported under the dominate fuel. In 2008, a new questionnaire was administered which increased the coverage of renewable and waste data.

Portugal Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1994. Data are available from 1994 for biogas, from 1999 for municipal waste and from 2003 for industrial waste. Solid biomass consumption in the residential sector includes the non-commercial part of solid biomass consumed in households.

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Slovak Republic The Slovak Republic became a separate state in 1993 and harmonised its statistics to EU standards in 2000. These two facts lead to several breaks in time series between 1992 and 1993, and between 2000 and 2001. Until 2000, electricity statistics have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat. From 1993, IEA estimates are based on direct submissions from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and the Power Research Institute (EGU) of Bratislava. Prior to 2001, the data reported as industrial waste includes biogases and municipal wastes. Data on direct use of geothermal and solar thermal became available in 2001 and 2005, respectively.

Spain Solar and geothermal data are available from 1994. The Spanish administration verifies that production and consumption of industrial waste do exist but data are not available starting in 2001. New reporting systems were implemented in 2000 and again in 2006 which resulted in a reclassification of many plants from main activity to autoproducer and vice versa. This leads to breaks in the time series for the transformation sector and final consumption sectors between 1999 and 2000 and again between 2005 and 2006. In 2006, it was discovered that some autoproducer electricity plants using biogases were actually autoproducer CHP plants. Therefore, prior to 2006, inputs of biogas used to generate process heat were erroneously included as inputs to the transformation sector when they should have been reported in the appropriate industry in the final consumption.

Electricity production from solar thermal plants is available from 2007. In the 2010 edition, the National Energy Commission reclassified plants that consume biogases, leading to breaks in series from 2007 to 2008.

Sweden Heat production from solid biomass in autoproducer CHP includes waste heat and chemical heat.

Heat produced for sale in heat pumps is reported from 1992. Data for biogas also begins in 1992. Before 1992, it is included in solid biomass. Prior to 2007, municipal waste was reported as 60% non-renewable and 40% renewable. In 2007, reanalysis of the waste revealed the content was 40% nonrenewable and 60% renewable. This results in a break in the time series between 2006 and 2007 for both renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. Biogas used for transport purposes was reported for the first time in 2008.

Switzerland Geothermal direct use is overstated as it refers to heat production by geothermal heat pumps, which include inputs from electricity and/or gas in the transformation process. Electricity production from wind and pumped storage by autoproducers is available from 1996. A new final consumption survey for the industrial and public services sectors was administered in 1999 which result in a break in the time series with previous years. The autoproducer heat plant that produced heat for sale was closed in 2006.

Turkey The Turkish administration surveys renewables and waste used for power and heat intermittently. Due to this fact some breaks may appear in the combustible renewables and waste series. In 1995, the Turkish administration reclassified autoproducer plants by type and source to be consistent with IEA definitions. This causes breaks between 1994 and 1995 for electricity production. Electricity production from wind is available starting in 1998. Prior to 1998, consumption in the wood and wood products sector includes that of the paper, pulp and printing industry. The accuracy of data on inputs for industrial waste is compromised by ongoing data collection problems. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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United Kingdom Prior to 2001, some of the industrial waste was reported with other oil products. Final consumption of industrial waste in commercial/public services includes hospital waste, which should be shown under municipal waste. Efficiency of electricity production from industrial waste is increasing in 2005 and 2006 due to increased capturing and reusing of waste heat to generate electricity.

United States The Energy Information Administration collects generation and consumption data from all plants 1 MW or more in capacity. Capacity is net summer capacity. Heat production from solid biomass became available in 1991. Data on industrial waste and gas from biomass for 1990 and 1991 were estimated by IEA Secretariat. Data on liquid biomass became available in 1993. Solar thermal electricity production was overstated for the years prior to 1999 because it included electricity production from natural gas occurring in solar thermal power plants. The US introduced a new methodology for data from 1999. From 1999, independent power producers are

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included in main activity producers, leading to breaks in series between 1998 and 1999. In addition, all heat produced by autoproducers is included in final consumption from 1999 on because the US administration cannot distinguish between the heat used directly onsite and the heat sold. Prior to 2006 gross heat production in CHP plants was consistently assumed to be 80 percent efficient and all other losses at the plant were allocated to production of electric power. In 2006, the EIA revised their methodologies for allocating shares of gross energy output to electricity and heat in CHP plants and the new method proportionately distributes a CHP plant’s losses between the heat and electricity assuming equal efficiency. Solar PV capacity was estimated by the Energy Information Administration for 2003 to 2008. These estimates include on-grid connected and off-grid installations. Solar PV electricity production reported for main activity producers refers only for grid-connected central power stations. The IEA Secretariat estimated US photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation from autoproducers starting in 1999 by multiplying the dispersed and distributed PV capacity estimated by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) by an average capacity factor of 12 percent. The capacity factor was based on a report published in 2007 by the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme, “Cost and Performance Trends in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems and Case Studies”. The corresponding electricity consumption has been included with non-specified other consumption.

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5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Germany includes the new Federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total1 comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.

1. Chile became a member country of the OECD with effect from 7 May 2010. Since the preparation of the annual statistics publications was well on its way at that stage, data for Chile have not been included in OECD totals for the 2010 edition and will continue to be included in Latin America with the OECD non-member countries. The IEA Secretariat will work closely with the Chilean Administration, especially on the consistency of the time series, for incorporating Chile into OECD totals in the 2011 edition.

With the exception of Iceland and Mexico, all 30 OECD member countries are also member countries of the IEA. The following countries are included in the regional aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and therefore exclude nonIEA Members, shown in italics in the OECD aggregates. OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico and the United States. OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. Please note that all OECD Pacific countries are also members of IEA and therefore are referred to as OECD/IEA Pacific. Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa. Other Africa includes Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, and Uganda and Western Sahara. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America. Other Latin America includes Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico (for natural gas and electricity), St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia.

Other Asia includes Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cook Islands, East Timor, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Laos, Macau, Maldives, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. China includes the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong (China). Non-OECD Europe includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus 2 , Gibraltar, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Malta, Romania, Serbia3, Montenegro and Slovenia. Former Soviet Union includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel 4 , Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

2. Footnote by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognizes the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus” issue. Footnote by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 3. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999. 4. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

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6. UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Primary energy conventions There are two assumptions that must be made when constructing an energy balance for certain renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, hydro, wind, etc. They are: 1) the form of the primary energy; and 2) the method for calculation of the primary energy equivalent. The conventions for these are described below.

1) Choice of the primary energy form For each of these sources, there is a need to define the form of primary energy to be considered; for instance, in the case of hydro energy, a choice must be made between the kinetic energy of falling water and the electricity produced. For photovoltaic electricity, the choice is between the solar radiation received and the electricity produced. The principle adopted by the IEA is that the primary energy form should be the first energy form downstream in the production process for which multiple energy uses are practical. The application of this principle leads to the choice of the following primary energy forms: x Heat from geothermal and solar thermal; x Electricity from hydropower, wind, tide/wave/ ocean and solar photovoltaic.

2) Calculation of the primary energy equivalent There are essentially two methods that can be used to calculate the primary energy equivalent of the above energy sources: the partial substitution method and the physical energy content method. The partial substitution method: In this method, the primary energy equivalent of the above sources of electricity generation represents the amount of energy that would be necessary to generate an identical amount of electricity in conventional thermal power plants. The primary energy equivalent is calculated

using an average generating efficiency of these plants. This method has several shortcomings, including the difficulty in choosing an appropriate generating efficiency and the fact that the partial substitution method is not relevant for countries with a high share of hydro electricity. For these reasons, the IEA has, as most of the international organizations have, adopted the physical energy content method. The physical energy content method: This method uses the physical energy content of the primary energy source as the primary energy equivalent. As a consequence, there is an obvious link between the principles adopted in defining the primary energy forms of energy sources and the primary energy equivalent of these sources. For instance, in the case of solar thermal and geothermal electricity production, where heat is selected as the primary energy form by the IEA, the primary energy equivalent is the quantity of heat generated in the geothermal or solar thermal plant for electricity generation. In the case of hydropower, wind, tide and solar PV, where electricity is selected as the primary energy form, the primary energy equivalent is the physical energy content of the electricity generated in the plant, which amounts to assuming an efficiency of 100%. For geothermal and solar thermal, if no countryspecific information was reported, the primary energy equivalent is calculated as follow: x 10% for geothermal electricity x 50% for geothermal heat Since these two types of energy balances differ significantly in the treatment of electricity from solar, hydro, wind, etc., the share of renewables in total energy supply will appear to be very different depending on the method used. As a result, when looking at the percentages of various energy sources in total supply, it is important to understand the underlying conventions that were used to calculate the primary energy balances. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Units Original units Electricity is expressed in gigawatt hours and heat is expressed in terajoules Non-combustible renewables have original units of their primary energy form (see Primary energy conventions for the primary energy form of noncombustible renewables). Primary solid biomass, biogas, municipal waste, and industrial waste are presented in their original units in terajoules on a net calorific basis. The Secretariat does not receive information on volumes and other characteristics of these fuels. Liquid biomass and charcoal have original units in 1000 tonnes.

Energy balance units The IEA energy balance methodology is based on the net calorific content of the energy commodities and a common unit of account. The unit of account adopted by the IEA is the tonne of oil equivalent (toe) which is defined as 107 kilocalories (41.868 gigajoules). This quantity of energy is, within a few percent, equal to the net heat content of 1 tonne of crude oil. Throughout this publication 1 tonne means 1 metric ton or 1000 kg.

Conversion (from original units to toe) The change from using the original units to tonnes of oil equivalent implies choosing coefficients of equivalence between different forms and sources of energy. This problem can be approached in many different ways. For example, one could adopt a single equivalence for each major primary energy source in all countries, e.g. 29 307 kJ/kg (7 000 kcal/kg) for hard coal, 41 868 kJ/kg (10 000 kcal/kg) for oil, etc. The main objection to this method is that it results in distortions since there can be a wide spread between calorific values of fuels (i.e. liquid biomass) in different countries. For charcoal, biogasoline, biodiesel and other liquid biofuels, specific factors have been used for production, imports and exports based on consultations with experts from the national administrations. The balances are expressed in terms of "net" calorific value. The difference between the "net" and the "gross" calorific value for each fuel is the latent heat INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. For coal and oil, net calorific value is about 5% less than gross, for most forms of natural and manufactured gas the difference is 9-10%, while for electricity and heat there is no difference as the concept has no meaning in this case. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. Electricity data are converted from original units of gigawatt hours to million tonnes of oil equivalent using the relationship: 1 terawatt hour = 0.086 Mtoe.

Combustible renewables and waste Data for primary solid biomass, biogas, municipal waste and industrial waste are converted from original units in terajoules to energy balance units in tonne of oil equivalent using 1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe. Data for charcoal and liquid biofuels are converted from original units in tonnes to energy balance units in tonne of oil equivalent using the average net calorific values given at the end of this section. Unless countryspecific information has been provided, data are converted using the following average net calorific values: Charcoal: 30 800 kJ/kg Biogasoline: 26 800 kJ/kg Biodiesels: 36 800 kJ/kg Other liquid biofuels: 36 800 kJ/kg

Electricity Figures for electricity production, trade, and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity (i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe). Hydroelectricity production and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide/wave/ocean, photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. The primary energy equivalent of nuclear electricity is calculated from the gross generation by assuming a 33% conversion efficiency, i.e. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.33) Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat, if the actual geothermal efficiency is not known,

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 27

then the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe.

Heat Information on heat is supplied in terajoules (TJ) and 1 TJ = 0.00002388 Mtoe.

In the case of heat produced in a geothermal plant, if the actual geothermal efficiency is not known, then the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 50%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.5) Mtoe. For direct use of geothermal and solar thermal heat, all the heat consumed is accounted for in production and consumption.

Conversion factors General conversion factors for energy To: From: TJ

TJ 1

Mtoe multiply by:

238.8

2.388 x 10-5 10-7 1

10-3

Gcal

4.1868 x

Mtoe MBtu

4.1868 x 104

1 107 0.252

1.0551 x 10-3 3.6

GWh

Gcal

2.52 x 10-8 8.6 x 10-5

860

MBtu

GWh

947.8

0.2778

3.968

1.163 x 10-3 11630

3.968 x 10 1

7

2.931 x 10-4 1

3412

Conversion factors for mass To: From: kilogramme (kg) tonne (t) long ton (lt) short ton (st) pound (lb)

kg

t

lt multiply by:

st

lb

1 1000 1016 907.2 0.454

0.001 1 1.016 0.9072 4.54 x 10-4

9.84 x 10-4 0.984 1 0.893 4.46 x 10-4

1.102 x 10-3 1.1023 1.120 1 5.0 x 10-4

2.2046 2204.6 2240.0 2000.0 1

Conversion factors for volume To: From: U.S. gallon (gal) U.K. gallon (gal) Barrel (bbl) Cubic foot (ft3) Litre (l) Cubic metre (m3)

gal U.S.

gal U.K.

1 1.201 42.0 7.48 0.2642 264.2

0.8327 1 34.97 6.229 0.220 220.0

bbl ft3 multiply by: 0.02381 0.1337 0.02859 0.1605 1 5.615 0.1781 1 0.0063 0.0353 6.289 35.3147

l

m3

3.785 4.546 159.0 28.3 1 1000.0

0.0038 0.0045 0.159 0.0283 0.001 1

Decimal prefixes 101

deca (da)

102

hecto (h)

103 106

kilo (k) mega (M)

109

giga (G)

1012

10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9

deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro (μ) nano (n)

1015

tera (T) peta (P)

10-12 10-15

pico (p) femto (f)

1018

exa (E)

10-18

atto (a)

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28 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

Average net calorific values for 2008 Country

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

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Charcoal

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

Other liquid biofuels

kJ/kg

kJ/kg

kJ/kg

kJ/kg

30800 31000 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 31000 30800 30800 30800 30800 29300 30800 30800 30800 30000 30800 30800 30000 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800

26800 26700 26860 26800 27000 26700 27500 26805 26660 26800 26600 26800 24091 26800 26800 26800 27000 26800 27700 26800 26800 26700 26800 21485 26795 26886 26524 26800 26800 26747

36800 36600 38052 36800 37100 37600 36800 37400 37140 37980 37500 36800 37273 37400 36800 38210 37000 36800 37000 36800 36800 37700 37000 40155 36844 37513 32040 37046 36800 40933

29600 33365 37000 36800 36800 36800 36800 36800 20900 36800 36800 36800 36364 36700 36800 36800 37000 36800 36500 36800 36800 37700 36800 36800 37681 42095 36800 36800 36800 21583

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 29

PART II RENEWABLES MARKET OVERVIEW

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 31

DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD “new” renewables (solar, wind and tide) to energy supply is still marginal, representing approximately 0.3% of world TPES, or 2.0% of renewables supply.

An IEA fact sheet In 2008, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) was 12 264 Mtoe, of which 12.8%, or 1 567 Mtoe, was produced from renewable energy sources (Figure 1). The shares of other energy sources were as follows: 33.1% oil, 27% coal, 21.1% natural gas and 5.8% nuclear energy.

Other* 0.2% Nuclear 5.8%

Liquid biomass 3.0%

Geothermal Solar, Tide 3.7% 0.8%

Renewable combustibles/ waste 76.7%

Wind 1.2%

Figure 1: 2008 fuel shares in world total primary energy supply

Gas 21.1%

Figure 2: 2008 product shares in world renewable energy supply

Hydro 17.6%

Renewable mun. waste 0.9%

Solid biomass/ charcoal 71.5%

Hydro 2.2%

Biogas 1% Renewables 12.8%

Oil 33.1% Coal 27.0%

Renewable Combustibles/ Waste 9.8%

Other Ren.** 0.7%

* Other includes electricity from energy sources not defined above such as non-renewable wastes, peat, and chemical heat ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide. Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

Due to its widespread non-commercial use (i.e. residential heating and cooking) in developing countries, solid biomass is by far the largest renewable energy source, representing 9.1% of world TPES, or 71.5% of global renewables supply (Figure 2). The second largest source is hydro power, which provides 2.2% of world TPES, or 17.6% of renewables. Geothermal is the third largest renewable source and is much smaller, representing 0.5% of world TPES, or 3.7% of renewables supply in the world. The contribution of

Since 1990, renewable energy sources have grown at an average annual rate of 1.9%, which is equal to the growth rate of world TPES (Figure 3). Growth has been especially high for solar photovoltaics and wind power, which grew at average annual rates of 42% and 25%, respectively. However, this is due to their very low bases in 1990, as the production still remains small. OECD countries account for most of the world production and growth of solar and wind energy. Biogas had the third highest growth rate at 15.4% per year, followed by liquid biomass which grew at 12.1% per year. Solid biomass, which is the largest contributor to renewable energy in the world, has experienced the slowest growth among the renewable energy sources, with a growth rate of 1.3% per annum. Non-OECD countries account for most of the production of solid biomass, but its growth is comparable for OECD and non-OECD countries. The average annual growth rate of hydroelectric power in nonOECD countries, 3.7% between 1990 and 2008, was INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

32 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

larger than in OECD countries, which was only 0.6%. Growth was particularly strong in Vietnam (9.2%), China (8.9%), and Myanmar (7%) in the Asia region, in the Dominican Republic (9.3%) in the Latin American region, and in Mozambique (24.7%) and Angola (9.7%) in the African region. Figure 3: Annual growth rates of world renewables supply from 1990 to 2008 50%

Solar PV 42.3%

45% 40% 35%

Because of their heavy non-commercial use of biomass, non-OECD countries are the principal renewable energy users, accounting for 76% of world total renewables supply. On the other hand, while OECD countries supply only 24% of world renewables, they constitute 44.2% of the world TPES. Consequently, in OECD countries the share of renewables in total energy supply is only 6.9% compared to 49.4% in Africa, 30.8% in Latin America, 27.5% in Asia, and other non-OECD regions with higher shares (Figure 5). However, the OECD countries play a major role when looking at “new” renewables, with supplying 68.3% of world energy from wind, solar and tide in 2008.

Wind 25.1%

30%

Figure 5: 2008 shares of renewables of regional total primary energy supply

25% Biogas Liquid 15.4% biomass Solar 12.1% thermal 10.1%

20% 15%

60%

Geothermal Hydro Solid 3.1% 2.3% biomass* 1.3%

10% 5%

Total 1.9%

Renew. 1.9%

49.4%

50% 40%

0%

30.8% 27.5%

30%

* Solid biomass includes primary solid biomass and charcoal

20%

The hydro electricity generation of non-OECD countries has exceeded that of OECD countries since 2001. In 2008, the share of non-OECD countries reached 59.1% and it is expected that any further increase will be from these countries, as most of the remaining hydro potential resides in these countries. The largest share of solid biomass, 86.5%, is produced and consumed in non-OECD countries, where developing countries, situated mainly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, use non-commercial biomass for residential cooking and heating (Figure 4). Africa, which accounts for only 5.3% of the world’s total TPES in 2008, produced 28.1% of the world’s solid biomass supply. Figure 4: 2008 regional shares in renewables supply Biomass Former NonSoviet OECD Union Europe 0.8% 0.6% China (region) 17.4%

Asia** 30.4%

Hydro* Former Soviet Union 7.4%

Middle East 0.1%

Asia** 7.8%

Latin America 9.1%

* Excludes pump storage generation ** Asia excludes China

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10.5%

6.9% 2.8% OECD

Africa

Latin America

Asia

China Non-OECD Former (region) Europe Soviet Union

Middle East 0.3%

Electricity plants 25.0%

Latin America 21.0%

Middle East

While about half of the renewable primary energy supply in OECD countries is used in the transformation sector to generate electricity and sold heat, on a global level a majority of renewables is consumed in the residential, commercial and public services sectors. Again, this is a consequence of widespread biomass use in the residential sector of developing countries. In fact, only 26.8% of renewables are used for electricity production and heat production worldwide, while 54.1% are used in residential, commercial and public sectors (Figure 6). Figure 6: 2008 world sectoral consumption of renewables

OECD 40.9%

0.5%

0%

China (region) 18.2%

OECD 13.5%

Af rica 28.1%

NonOECD Europe 1.5%

12.2% 10%

Residential/ Comm. & Public 54.1%

Combined heat & power plants 1.5% Heat plants 0.4% Other 4.3%

Africa 3.0%

Transport 2.9%

Industry 11.8%

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 33

Despite this fact, renewables are the third largest contributor to global electricity production. They accounted for 18.5% of world generation in 2008, after coal (40.9%) and slightly behind gas (21.3%) but ahead of nuclear (13.5%) and oil (5.5%). In the transformation sector, hydroelectricity supplies the vast majority of renewable energy, generating 15.9% of world electricity, and 85.9% of total renewable electricity. Renewable combustibles/waste, including solid biomass, play a minor role in electricity generation, supplying 1.1% of world electricity. Although growing rapidly, geothermal, solar and wind energies accounted for only 1.5% of world electricity production in 2008. Figure 7: Fuel shares in world electricity production in 2008 Other* 0.3% Oil 5.5%

Gas 21.3%

Nuclear 13.5% Hydro 15.9%

Renewables 18.5% Coal 40.9%

Other Renew.** 1.5%

Renewable Combustibles/ Waste 1.1%

* Other includes electricity from energy sources not defined above such as non-renewable wastes, peat, and chemical heat ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide.

Renewable electricity generation grew worldwide since 1990 on average by 2.7% per annum, which is less than total electricity generation, which grew at an average rate of 3.0%. While 19.5% of global electricity in 1990 was produced from renewable sources, this share fell to 18.5% in 2008. This decrease is mainly the result of slow growth of the main renewable source, hydroelectric power, in OECD countries which produces about 35.2% of global renewable electricity. Since 1990 renewable electricity grew at an average annual average rate of 1.6% in OECD countries, while it grew by 4.0% in non-OECD countries. However, in both regions, renewable electricity grew slower than the total electricity growth (1.6% versus 1.9% in the OECD and 4.0% versus 4.6% in Non-OECD). Since 1995, electricity growth has been higher in nonOECD countries, which include developing economies in Asia and Africa. Population growth is much higher in developing countries than in OECD countries and as income increases, people switch from fuel wood and charcoal to kerosene and liquefied petroleum gases for cooking, and have better access to electricity through electrification programmes. As a consequence, future electricity growth, including renewable electricity growth, is expected to remain higher in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries.

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 35

DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN OECD COUNTRIES One of the highlights of the OECD situation in 20082009 is the growth of renewable primary energy supply despite the dramatic decrease of 4.6% in total primary energy supply (TPES). Though many factors may have contributed, the decline in total TPES, can to a large extent, be explained by the global recession and slowdown in economic activity. However, over the same period, the renewable TPES experienced an opposite trend as it increased 0.8% between 2008 and 2009. As a result, the share of renewables in total primary energy supply increased from 6.9% in 2008 to 7.3% in 2009 (Figure 1), the highest share reached since the IEA time series began in 1990. This growth was driven by OECD Europe, as it was the only region to experience an increase in renewable TPES, mostly due to the implementation of policies that promote renewable energy.

Primary energy supply Summary: 1990 – 2009 estimated In OECD countries, total primary energy supply (TPES) from renewable sources increased from 261 Mtoe to 378 Mtoe between 1990 and 2009, yielding an average annual growth of 2.0%. By comparison, the growth of TPES for conventional energy sources in the OECD countries between 1990 and 2009 was 0.8%. Over this time period, renewables contribution to total OECD primary energy supply grew from 5.8% to 7.3%. The largest proportion of renewable primary energy supply in the OECD comes from renewable combustibles/waste, which accounts for 56.1% of the renewable supply (Figure 2). Of these combustible renewables, solid biomass, including wood, wood wastes other solid wastes, and charcoal, constitutes the largest share, 38.8% of the supply. The second largest renewable

Figure 1: 2009 fuel shares in OECD total primary energy supply Other* 0.4% Gas 24.2%

Hydro 2.1% Nuclear 11.3% Renewables 7.3%

Oil 37.2%

Coal 19.6%

Renewable combustibles/ waste 4.1% Other ren.** 1.1%

* Other includes energy sources not classified elsewhere such as nonrenewable combustible wastes, ambient air for pumps, fuel cells, hydrogen, etc. ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

energy source is hydroelectric power, providing 29.3% of renewable primary energy. With a 9.7% share, liquid biomass is the third largest renewable energy source, followed by geothermal with 8.3% of the renewables supply. Figure 2: 2009 product shares in OECD renewable energy supply Solar, Tide 1.5%

Liquid biomass 9.7%

Geothermal 8.3% Renewable mun. waste 3.6%

Wind 4.9%

Hydro 29.3%

Renewable combustibles/ waste 56.1%

Solid biomass/ charcoal 38.8%

Biogas 4.0%

Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

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36 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

Figure 3: Annual growth rates of renewable supply from 1990 to 2009 in OECD total

70% 60%

Liquid biomass 58.0% Solar photovoltaics 43.8%

50% 40%

Wind 23.6%

30% 20% 10%

Biogas 12.8% Total Renew. 0.8% 2.0%

Solid biomass 1.0%

Solar thermal Geo5.5% thermal Hydro 0.8% 0.5%

0%

These major sources influenced much of the growth of total renewables between 1990 and 2001 (Figure 4). However, since 2001, a majority of renewables growth can be attributed to “new” renewables, a loosely defined term used in the industry to delineate between traditional and recent technologies used to produce renewable energy. Technologies that utilise solar energy, wind, tide, liquid biomass, and biogas penetrated the supply and were responsible for the growth in renewable energy between 2001 and 2009 (Figure 4). For example, liquid biomass experienced the highest growth among the renewables, averaging 58% between 1990 and 2009. Also experiencing growth rates well above other renewables is solar photovoltaics, 43.8%, and wind, 23.6% per annum since 1990, the second and third highest growth rates, respectively, due to subsidies provided by the governments. Biogas has grown much more rapidly than solid biomass, with an average annual growth rate of 12.8%. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Figure 4: OECD renewable primary energy supply by product 400 350 300 250 Mtoe

While these four renewable energy sources constituted 86% of the total OECD primary renewable energy in 2009, their combined average annual growth rate has been 1.3% since 1990. This is lower than the average annual growth rate of total renewable energies, 2.0%, for the OECD region over the same time period. This difference can be attributed to the slow growth of hydroelectric power, with the average annual growth rate of only 0.5%, which is also below the 0.8% growth rate of total TPES in the long term (Figure 3). Because hydroelectric capacity is mature in most OECD member states, it is increasingly difficult to locate suitable environmentally acceptable sites to expand this energy form. Therefore, little new growth is to be expected for this sector. Solid biomass and geothermal energy, two other major renewable energy sources, also grew slower than total renewables at 1.0% and 0.8%, respectively, per annum since 1990.

200 150 100 50 0

Solar, wind, tide Geothermal Solid biomass

Other renewables* Hydro

* Other renewables includes renewable municipal waste, liquid biomass and biogas.

However, despite these growth rates, the contribution of such “new renewables” to the total energy supply is still minor. Wind, solar, tide, renewable municipal waste, liquid biomass, and biogas combined still represent only 1.7% of total primary energy supply. Nevertheless, their growing contribution to the renewable supply should be noted as they increased from 3% in 1990 to 23.7% in 2009. The United States is the largest producer of primary solid biomass, providing 31.8% of the total solid biomass supply in the OECD in 2009. Other major solid biomass producers include Germany, Canada, France, Mexico, and Sweden. The largest hydroelectric power producer is Canada, followed by the United States and Norway. These three countries combined supplied 59.7% of total hydroelectric power in the OECD in 2009. The main producer of geothermal energy is the United States, with a share of 28.6% in 2008. Other big producers are Mexico, Italy, Iceland, Japan and New Zealand. The biggest share of renewable municipal waste, 29.4%, is produced in the United States, with other big suppliers being Germany, France, the Netherlands, Japan, Italy, Sweden, and Denmark. Among OECD countries, the United States is also the biggest producer of liquid biomass (60.1%), followed by Germany (11.5%) and France (7%). These three countries combined constitute 78.5% of the OECD’s total liquid biomass primary energy supply in 2009.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 37

The largest share of biogas primary energy supply in the OECD is also the United States, 33.7%. Other substantial OECD producers of biogas are Germany (32.9%) and the United Kingdom (12.5%). Solar thermal energy is mainly concentrated in the United States, Japan, Turkey, Germany and Greece. Germany leads the OECD’s solar photovoltaic production with 32.9% of the photovoltaic production. Other leaders are Spain (32.5%), Japan (11.9%) and the United States (8.4%). These four countries combined represent 85.8% of the OECD’s solar photovoltaic energy supply. Large wind power producing countries are the United States, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Denmark, which collectively supply 71.4% of OECD wind production. Among the different OECD regions, OECD Europe has the highest share of primary energy supply from renewable sources, with 9.9% in 2009 (Figure 5). It is also the OECD area that has experienced the largest increase (from 5.7%) in its renewable share since 1990. The increase of the renewable share in OECD Europe is the result of the implementation of strong policies supporting renewable energy in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The share of renewables in OECD North America reached 6.8% in 2009, the highest level since the IEA times series began. The only region to experience declines since 1990 was the OECD Pacific where the share of renewable primary energy supply dropped from 4.0% in 1990 to 3.5% in 2009.

sector has not. In 1990, 52.5% of renewable energy was used in electricity-only plants for electricity production. However, this share declined to 50% in 2008 as total electricity generation in the OECD grew faster than for renewable energy sources (Figure 6). This was due to the low growth of hydroelectric power in the OECD region, which further disadvantages electricity generation compared to other sectors. The majority of the growth of renewable energy has taken place in the final consumption sectors, such as the residential, commercial, industry, and most significantly, transport sectors. In 2008, half of renewable primary energy was used in places other than electricity-only plants. This trend is underpinned by the strong presence of combustible renewables which are used for heat production and consumption directly on-site in these sectors. The most significant trend is the growth of combustible renewables used for transport. In 2008, liquid biomass and biogas used for transport constituted 8.2% of the consumption of renewables. Compared to 1990, this sector’s consumption of renewable energy increased the most. Figure 6: OECD sectoral consumption of renewables 1990 Residential/ com. & public 21.5% Transport 0.0% Industry 13.2%

Figure 5: OECD regional shares in renewable energy supply

Share of renewable energy

12% 10%

Other 0.1% Heat plants 0.6% Combined heat & power plants 12.1%

2008 Residential/ com. & public 17.3%

Electricity plants 52.5%

Transport 8.2%

Electricity plants 50.0% Industry 17.5%

Other 0.1% Heat plants 0.9%

Combined heat & power plants 5.9%

8%

Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. 6% 4%

Electricity production

2% 0%

Summary: 1990 – 2009 estimated OECD30 OECD Pacif ic

OECD North America OECD Europe

Although renewable primary energy supply has been able to keep pace with the growth of traditional fuels, its share in the electricity and heat transformation

OECD gross electricity production from renewable products (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) reached 1 758 TWh in 2009, a 1% increase from the 2008 level of 1 741 TWh. This represents 17.2% of total OECD electricity production in 2009 (Figure 7), which is a larger share than the 16.3% in 2008. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

38 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

Other* 0.4% Nuclear 21.8% Gas 22.6%

Oil 3.0%

Renewables 17.2%

Hydro 12.6%

Coal 34.9% Other Renew.** 2.7%

Renewable combustibles/ waste 1.9%

* Other: electricity from energy sources not classified by other categories such as non-renewable combustible wastes, peat, chemical sources, etc. ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide/wave/ocean Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

This increase can largely be explained by the 4.2% decline in the total OECD gross electricity production between 2008 and 2009, which was the largest year-onyear decrease that has occurred since the IEA time series began in 1960. Though many factors may have contributed, the decline in total electricity production can to a large extent be explained by the global recession and slowdown in economic activity. However, renewable electricity was the only source of electricity to grow despite the economic conditions, as production increased by 10% between 2008 and 2009. The combined effect of these trends resulted in the shares of renewables electricity reaching unprecedented levels since 1990. However, aside from 2009, the share of renewable electricity has more or less been in decline since 1990. To some extent, this decline is a result of total electricity demand outpacing the growth of renewable electricity production in the OECD. Between 1990 and 2008, renewable electricity generation has been growing at an average annual rate of only 1.6% since 1990, which is lower than the 1.9% rate for total electricity generation over the same period. This trend is especially pronounced in economies which have experienced extremely high electricity consumption growth in the past decade, where, in some cases, electricity production has more than doubled since 1990. For example, in Turkey, total electricity production rose from 57.5 TWh in 1990 to 194.1 TWh in 2009. Yet over the same period, renewable electricity production increased from 23.2 TWh to 38 TWh, causing the share of renewables in total electricity to fall from 40.4% to 19.6%. Due to high capacity installation costs and resource unavailability (e.g. the drop in hydroelectric power output due to abnormally low precipitation in some years for several OECD countries), rising demand is generally met by increasing electricity production INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

from traditional fossil fuels rather than renewable sources. Electricity production in New Zealand grew 34.5% since 1990 reaching 43.4 TWh in 2009. More than half of the new growth was met by coal and gas, which raised their share from 19.8% of electricity production in 1990 to 28.3% in 2009. As a result, the percentage of electricity from renewable sources dropped over the same time period from 80% in 1990 to 71.6% in 2009. The inability to meet rising electricity demand with electricity solely from renewable technologies is only partially responsible for the historical decline in shares of renewables in electricity production. Another leading cause of this trend is the stagnant growth of hydroelectric power and its effects on total renewable electricity. Apart from oil, hydroelectric power production has experienced the lowest growth rate of any electricity source from 1990 to 2009, less than 1% growth between 1990 and 2009, which is well below the 1.6% of total electricity growth and the slowest growth of all the renewables (Figure 8). This is because hydroelectric power has reached its capacity limit in most OECD countries. In addition, hydroelectric power is dependent on climatic conditions, and lower precipitation levels in major hydroelectric power producing countries, such as the United States and Japan, has caused a decline in total OECD hydroelectric production in the late 1990s and early 2000s. While hydroelectricity generated 15.5% of total OECD electricity in 1990, this share decreased to 12.6% in 2009, yet still accounted for 73.2% of renewable electricity in 2009. The consequence of stagnant growth in the source of the largest share of renewable electricity (i.e. hydroelectricity) is that it substantially overshadows the growth of non-hydroelectric renewable electricity. Figure 8: Annual growth rates of electricity production between 1990 and 2009 in OECD countries 50% Average annual growth rate

Figure 7: Renewable shares in OECD electricity production in 2009

43.8% 40%

30% 23.6% 20% 12.7% 10%

6.6% 0.5% 1.6%

0%

6.2% 2.0% 1.6%

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 39

Figure 9: Shares in OECD non-hydro renewable electricity production in 1990 and 2009 1990 Geothermal 20.5%

Wind 2.7%

Other* 0.9% Municipal waste ren. 6.5% Biogas Liquid 2.6% biomass 0.0%

2009

Solar PV 0.0% Wind 45.7%

Other* 0.3% Municipal waste ren. 6.0% Biogas 7.6%

25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

OECD30

OECD North America

OECD Pacific

OECD Europe

However, the shares of renewable electricity dropped from 18.4% in 1990 to 16.7% in 2009 in OECD North America and from 13.1% in 1990 to 8.6% in 2009 in OECD Pacific (Figure 10). Yet despite these regional declines, the OECD region as a whole produced roughly the same share of renewable electricity in 2009 (17.2%) as it did in 1990 (17.3%). The following more detailed analysis of individual renewable and waste energy sources and their development in the electricity market provides further insights into this trend.

Hydroelectricity

Geothermal 8.8%

Solid biomass 66.7%

Figure 10: OECD regional shares in renewable electricity production from 1990 to 2009 Share of renewable electricity

In fact, excluding hydroelectric power, the share of renewable electricity steadily increased from 1.8% in 1990 to 4.3% in 2008, and despite the economic conditions, further increased to 4.6% in 2009. A majority of this growth is attributed to the use of “new renewables” for power generation. In 1990, the majority of non-hydroelectricity was generated by solid biomass (66.7%) and geothermal energy (21%). Solar photovoltaics, wind, biogas, and liquid biomass combined represented less than 6% of non-hydro renewable electricity in 1990 (Figure 9). However, between 1990 and 2009, these technologies grew much faster than any other power source (Figure 8). Most notable is wind, which grew from 2.8% in 1990 to 45.7% of non-hydroelectricity in 2009, a 23.6% average annual growth rate, making it the largest non-hydro renewable source for electricity. Newer technologies which had previously contributed very little in 1990, also entered the renewable electricity mix by 2009, such as biogas, liquid biomass, and solar photovoltaics, all experiencing higher growth rates higher than older technologies such as hydro power (0.5%), solid biomass (1.6%), and geothermal (2.0%). As a result, nonhydro renewable electricity experienced a 6.6% annual growth rate between 1990 and 2009 (Figure 8).

Solid biomass 26.6% Liquid biomass 0.9%

Solar PV 4.0%

* Other includes solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

The increase in non-hydro renewable electricity is mainly due to OECD Europe, where implementation of strong renewables stimulation policies by European Union member countries encouraged their growth. Policy initiatives such as feed-in tariffs and tax incentives have made electricity generation from renewable sources marketable in many countries. Renewable electricity production grew 1.1% per annum since 1990 in OECD Europe. As a consequence of its higher growth rate, OECD Europe supplied 43.8% of total OECD renewable electricity production in 2009, up from the level of 35.4% in 1990.

As mentioned above, hydroelectric power has reached its potential capacity limit in most OECD countries. Between 1990 and 2009, electricity generated from hydroelectric plants (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) increased from 1 170 TWh to 1 287 TWh in the OECD, yielding an average annual increase of 0.5%. However, while 89.3% of electricity produced from renewable sources came from hydroelectric plants in 1990, this share decreased to 73.2% in 2009 due to the rapid growth of electricity generation from other renewable sources. In 2009, the largest hydroelectric power generating countries were Canada, the United States and Norway which represented 28.5%, 21.3%, and 9.8%, respectively, of OECD hydroelectric production. Other large hydroelectric power producers are Japan, Sweden and France.

Wind In 2009, wind turbines produced 12.2% of renewable electricity in the OECD. Among OECD regions, wind electricity production was the highest in OECD Europe, with 60.8% of the total OECD production in 2009. For INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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the first time in 2006, more electricity was generated from wind than from solid biomass. Between 1990 and 2009, wind power increased from 3.8 TWh to 215.6 TWh, achieving an average annual growth rate of 24%. This is the second fastest growth rate of renewable electricity after solar photovoltaic. Most of the growth occurred in OECD Europe, where wind energy is heavily subsidised by national governments. As a consequence, wind grew by 30.9% per annum in OECD Europe. The highest country growth rate is in Portugal, with 60% per year between 1990 and 2009, from 1 GWh to 7 573 GWh. In absolute terms, the United States, Germany and Spain are the largest producers of electricity from wind. They now produce 71.2 TWh, 37.8 TWh and 36.6 TWh, respectively.

Solid biomass Electricity generation from solid biomass grew from 93.3 TWh to 125.6 TWh between 1990 and 2009, yielding a 1.6% average annual growth. As the third largest renewable electricity source after hydropower and wind, solid biomass accounted for 7.1% of renewable electricity generation in 2009. The United States accounted for 32% of electricity generated from solid biomass (40 TWh), where it makes up 9.5% of the country’s renewable electricity production. The second largest producer of electricity from solid biomass is Germany (12.9 TWh), where it represents 13.6% of the country’s renewable electricity supply. Other large producers of electricity from biomass in the OECD in 2009 are Japan and Sweden, whose shares are 9.4%, and 7.9%, respectively. Biomass was the largest source of renewable electricity in Hungary, Poland, and Belgium where it comprised 74%, 56%, and 52%, respectively, of renewable electricity in 2009. In fact, solid biomass electricity was produced in all OECD member countries in 2009, except for Greece, Iceland, and Luxembourg.

Geothermal Similar to hydroelectric power, geothermal electricity production has not experienced significant growth between 1990 and 2009. It grew at an average annual rate of 2.0%, from 28.6 TWh to 42 TWh. Geothermal electricity generation remained almost static in OECD North America over the period 1990 to 2009, although the region remains the largest geothermal electricity producer, with a 56% share in 2009. The United States is the largest producer with 39.8% of the OECD total in 2009. Production in the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

United States was 17 TWh in 2009, slightly increased from 16 TWh in 1990. The second largest producer is Mexico, with 6.7 TWh in 2009. With an output of 5.3 TWh, Italy was the largest geothermal electricity producer in OECD Europe, and represented 12.9% of total OECD production. Other major producers were New Zealand (11.6%), Iceland (10.9%) and Japan (7%). The highest growth rate of geothermal electricity generation was achieved in Portugal, where production increased by 22% annually from 4 GWh to 182 GWh between 1990 and 2009. Despite it being the fourth largest source of renewable electricity, less than half of the OECD, only 10 countries use geothermal energy for electricity generation. Even in the countries with geothermal potential there are only a few development schemes. Therefore, the growth in geothermal is projected for the next few years to be small.

Biogas Electricity from biogas grew from an estimated 3.6 TWh in 1990 to 35.6 TWh in 2009. With an average annual growth rate of 12.7% since 1990, biogas is the third fastest growing source of renewable electricity in the OECD. The driver of this growth is OECD Europe, which had 70.6% of OECD production in 2009, up from their share of 27.2% in 1990. Much of the growth is due to Germany, where production grew by 23% per annum since 1990, making it the largest producer in Europe (49.6%) in 2009 and the largest producer in the OECD (35%). The third and fourth largest OECD producers were also located in Europe. The United Kingdom produced 6.1 TWh, or 17% of OECD production, and Italy produced 1.5 TWh (4%). The second largest OECD producer in 2009 was not located in Europe. The United States produced 8.2 TWh, or 23% of OECD biogas electricity. However, despite its large share in OECD production, the United States growth rate (6% per year since 1990) has been much slower than that of many European Union countries. In contrast, the United Kingdom growth rate was 15% per year since 1990 and Italy 42% per year. This makes OECD Europe the fastest growing region and the largest region for OECD production (18.6% per year since 1990). Most of the growth in the biogas segment took place in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and continued strong growth is expected for the near future.

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Figure 11: Solar photovoltaic electricity in four major producing countries from 1990 to 2009

Renewable municipal waste

It should be noted that sometimes data are estimates rather than observations because the energy classification systems of some countries do not separate renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. In 2009, 28.4 TWh of electricity were produced from renewable waste in the OECD. By far the largest producer of electricity from renewable municipal waste was the United States, generating 9.5 TWh, or 33.3% of OECD production. The second largest producer was Germany, with a production of 5.1 TWh (17.7%). With 2 TWh (7.1%), Japan was the third largest producer. The remaining electricity production from renewable municipal waste was spread among smaller producers in OECD Europe. Italy and Sweden experienced the highest growth rates, increasing their production from 37 GWh to 1 431 GWh (a growth rate of 21.2% per annum) and from 41 GWh to 1 085 GWh (19% per annum), respectively, between 1990 and 2009.

Solar photovoltaic The OECD as a whole produced 18 799 GWh of PV electricity in 2009, roughly 1% of its total renewable electricity production. The four largest producers of solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity in the OECD were Germany, 6 200 GWh, Spain, 6 103 GWh, Japan 2 251 GWh and the United States, 1 572 GWh. These four countries combined produced 85.8% of the PV electricity in the OECD. While being small in absolute terms, electricity from solar PV increased from 19 GWh in 1990 to 18 799 GWh in 2009, achieving a 44% annual growth rate, the fastest of all renewable electricity technologies. Since the 2000, growth has been the strongest in the countries of the European Union (Figure 11). Germany, the largest producer due to its high feed-in tariffs for solar photovoltaic electricity generation, experienced the second fastest annual growth rate of 67% (increasing production from 60 GWh in 2000 to 6 200 GWh in 2009). Spain, the second largest producer, grew by 91% per year, the highest average annual growth rate in the OECD (increasing production from 18 GWh in 2000 to 6103 GWh in 2009). The United States and Japan experienced slower growth rates since 2000, 27% and 23%, respectively.

7 000 6 000 5 000 GWh

Renewable municipal waste represented 1.6% of renewable electricity generation in 2009 in OECD countries. Renewable municipal waste is one of the smallest portions of renewable electricity portfolio. The highest share it represented in any one country was the Netherlands at 14%, and Denmark at 10%.

4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0

Germany Spain

Japan United States

Nonetheless, accounting for solar photovoltaic output is very difficult to capture due to the widespread use of off-grid and small grid-connected systems for distributed power generation. For that reason, solar photovoltaic output statistics should be considered incomplete. Information on solar capacity provides more reliable statistics on this product, especially for European Union countries (see Table 2 “Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources” in Part IV for regional OECD aggregates or specific countries).

Solar thermal Solar thermal power production experienced explosive growth in the 1980’s and 90’s reaching 887 GWh in 1998, but stagnated in the following years. During the period of 1999 through 2006, average annual growth rates for solar thermal were essentially zero, and absolute figures actually deceased from their peak in 1999. Due to the recent renewed interest in solar thermal, the US has increased its production from 527 GWh in 1999 to 878 GWh in 2009. Prior to 2007, production took place exclusively in the United States. With the opening of a new solar thermal power plant in 2007, Spain became the second OECD country to report electricity production from solar thermal with 38 GWh in 2009. Demonstration plants in Australia produced 4 GWh in 2009. These three countries combined produced all 920 GWh of OECD electricity from solar thermal in 2008.

Tide, wave, ocean In 2009, 524 GWh of electricity were generated from tide, wave and ocean motion. The main producer of electricity production from water motion was France, generating 491 GWh in 2009 (with a plant capturing electricity from tidal movements). The second contributor was Canada, producing 33 GWh. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Liquid biomass Liquid biomass for electricity production is a relatively new technology. The first and only country to report electricity production of this type was Germany in 2001 with less than 1 TWh (only 15 GWh). Since then, an increasing number of countries have produced substantial amounts of electricity from liquid biomass. In 2009, seven countries reported a total of 4 304 GWh of production. The largest producer is Germany with 3 308 GWh, followed by Italy with 514 GWh.

Non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste Industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste generated 0.3% of OECD total electricity in 2009. The data suggest that both industrial waste and nonrenewable municipal waste have experienced an increase between 1990 and 2009. The increase was minor for the industrial waste, but the non-renewable municipal waste tripled over the same period. Nonrenewable municipal waste increased from 9 TWh in 1990 to 24.9 TWh in 2009, an average annual growth rate of 5.5%. It should be noted that this information should be used with caution because many countries (including some of the largest municipal waste producers such as Japan) do not report renewable and non-renewable municipal wastes separately.

Installed generating capacity In 2008, approximately 507.4 GW, 21.2% of total OECD generating capacity, was accounted for by renewable energy and waste sources (Figure 12).

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Figure 12: OECD generating capacity 2008 Combustible renewables and waste 1.8%

Other** 0.05%

Combustible f ossil fuels* 65.6%

Geothermal 0.2%

Hydro *** 14.6% Renewables & waste 6.6% Nuclear 13.1%

Wind 4.0%

Solar PV 0.6%

Other Renew.**** 0.03%

* The capacities of plants which co-fire combustible renewables and waste with fossil fuels (e.g. solid biomass that is co-fired with coal) are included under the dominant fuel ** Other: fuel cells, waste/chemical heat *** Hydro does not include pumped storage capacity **** Other renewables includes solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

The largest share, 349 GW, was hydroelectric plants (excluding pumped storage), followed by 96.3 GW from wind, 23.6 GW of solid biomass, 13.7 GW of solar photovoltaic, 9.8 GW of municipal waste, 6.6 GW gas from biomass, 5.6 GW of geothermal, 1.1 GW from industrial waste, 0.8 GW of liquid biomass, 0.5 GW of solar thermal, and 0.3 GW of tide, wave, and ocean power capacity. Hydro pumped storage capacity represented 94.9 GW. As developments in the production of the various renewable energy sources in the electricity production section suggest, their growth of capacity has been strongest in the wind and solar power sectors and these two markets are heavily concentrated in Europe and the United States.

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SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF SECOND-GENERATION BIOFUELS The following feature article is an extract from the IEA report, “Sustainable Production of SecondGeneration Biofuels”, published in February 2010. This extract gives an overview of the requirements for a successful future of the biofuels industry. In particular, the focus is on the potential for agricultural and forestry residues as sustainable feedstocks for second generation biofuels.

Background and explanatory notes: There are numerous ways biomass can be converted from raw feedstock into a useful form of energy. These conversion routes “are a series of conversion steps in which raw biomass feedstock is transformed into a final energy product (electricity, heat, or transport fuel”1 (Bauen 2009). This article focuses primarily on the potential of biomass for use as transport fuel. Thus, the term “biofuel” in this article refers to biomass converted into transport fuel. “Biofuels are commonly separated into different ‘generations’ according to their level of development and the feedstocks they use, though there is no universally agreed definition. Generally: First generation biofuels include mature technologies for the production of bioethanol from sugar and starch crops, biodiesel, and renewable diesel from oil crops

1. For a detailed explanation on the various feedstocks, conversion routes, and main technologies used for the production of electricity, heat, and transport fuels, please see Chapter 3 of the IEA Bioenergy report, “Bioenergy A Sustainable and Reliable Energy Source – A review of Status and Prospectus.

and animal fats, and biomethane from the anaerobic digestion of wet biomass (Bauen 2009).”2 Second-generation biofuels are produced from cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin. They can either be blended with petroleum-based fuels combusted in existing internal combustion engines and distributed through existing infrastructure or are dedicated for use in slightly adapted vehicles with internal combustion engines (e.g. vehicles for dimethylether (DME)). Examples of 2nd-generation biofuels are cellulosic ethanol, Fischer-Tropsch fuels (e.g. Biomass to Liquiddiesel (BtL-diesel)), and bio-SNG, a fuel similar to natural gas. (IEA Bioenergy Task 39, 2009).

Introduction Global biofuel production has been increasing rapidly over the last decade, but the expanding biofuel industry has recently raised important concerns. In particular, the sustainability of many first-generation biofuels – which are produced primarily from food crops – has been questioned due to increasing concerns about the displacement of food-crops, the effects on the environment and their relatively small potential to reduce green-house gas (GHG) emissions, when compared to fossil fuels. There is a growing consensus that if significant emission reductions in the transport sector are to be achieved, biofuel technologies must become more efficient in terms of net lifecycle GHG emission reductions, yet at the same time be socially and environmentally sustainable. Given these concerns, it is

2. Ibid. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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increasingly understood that most first-generation biofuels, with the exception of sugar cane ethanol, will likely have a limited role in the future transport fuel mix. The increasing criticism of the sustainability of many first-generation biofuels has raised attention to the potential of so-called second-generation biofuels, which differ with regard to feedstocks and conversion routes. Depending on the feedstock choice and the cultivation technique, second-generation biofuel production has the potential to actually provide benefits such as consuming waste residues and making use of abandoned land, rather than competing for land dedicated to food crops.

Potential and perspectives Biomass is expected to play an increasingly important role in the future energy demand. Current IEA projections see a rapid increase in biofuel demand, in particular for second-generation biofuels, in an energy sector that aims on stabilising atmospheric CO2 concentration at 450 parts per million (ppm). For example, in the World Energy Outlook 2009 (IEA, 2009) 450 Scenario3 projects biofuels to provide 9% (11.7 EJ) of the total transport fuel demand (126 EJ) in 2030. This is a more than five-fold increase compared to 2008 production volumes. To meet this projected demand, the 450 Scenario assumes a rapid increase in the production of secondgeneration biofuels, accounting for all of the biofuel growth between 2020 and 2030. In another IEA scenario, the Blue Map Scenario4 of Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (IEA, 2008) that extends the analysis until 2050, biofuels provide 26% (29 EJ) of total transportation fuel (112 EJ) in 2050, with secondgeneration biofuels accounting for roughly 90% of the projected biofuel demand. To produce these amounts, the scenario projects that around 160 Mega hectare (Mha) land dedicated to

3. This scenario models future energy demand in light of a global longterm CO2 concentration in the atmosphere of 450 parts per million (ppm), which would require global emissions to peak by 2020 and reach 26 Gt CO2-equivalent in 2030, 10% less than 2007 levels. The total global primary energy demand would then reach 14 389 Mtoe (604 EJ) in 2030. 4. This scenario models future energy demand until 2050, under the same target as the WEO 450-Scenario (i.e. a long-term concentration of 450ppm CO2 in the atmosphere). Global primary energy demand in this scenario reaches 18 025 Mtoe. (750 EJ) in 2050.

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feedstock production would be required. This demand could be reduced by using agricultural or forestry residues for feedstock. Agricultural and forestry residues are biomass left over from current harvesting activities such as straw, saw dust bagasse, etc. The use of these residues as feedstock for second-generation biofuels would reduce the need for additional cultivation of land, and thus the competition with land for agriculture or nature conservation. Because these feedstocks are already produced today, they could thus be particularly important in the initial phase of the secondgeneration biofuel industry. Furthermore, the use of residues could offer considerable potential to promote rural development and increase the overall economic situation in emerging and developing regions.

Assessment Based on the expectation that agricultural and forestry residues could be the most sustainable feedstock for second-generation biofuels, an availability assessment was undertaken to explore what role this feedstock could play in global transport fuel supply. Using crop and roundwood production data from the FAO, the production of residues and technically feasible second-generation biofuel yields was assessed for 2007 and 2030. Amounts of biofuels were calculated under two assumptions: one, that 25% of all residues are available, as indicated in previous studies; the other, that only 10% of residues could be used sustainably, as has been indicated in some of the studied countries. The results were then discussed in light of eight country profiles to assess the sustainability of secondgeneration biofuel production in major economies and developing countries. The chosen countries include Mexico, four large emerging economies (Brazil, China, India and South Africa), as well as developing countries in Africa and south-east Asia (Cameroon, Tanzania, Thailand). This was done to study the framework for an implementation of secondgeneration biofuels under different economic and geographical conditions.

Results The assessment undertaken in this study showed that considerable amounts of second-generation biofuels could be produced from available agricultural and forestry residues. Assuming even a conservative value of 10% availability of global agricultural and forestry

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residues for second-generation biofuel production, there should be enough feedstock remaining for traditional uses. For example, BtL diesel could cover account for about 45% of the projected biofuel demand, or 4% of the total transport fuel needs in 2030 in an energy scenario where considerable emission reductions are a priority (WEO 2009 450 Scenario). This represents a significant potential considering that no additional land would be required to produce these amounts. However, using those available residues to produce second-generation biofuels requires further technology development. In the short term, this is likely to take place in developed countries and some large emerging economies like those of Brazil, China and India, where sufficient financing and R&D capacities can be provided. For other developing countries like Cameroon and Tanzania, however, second-generation biofuels have only limited potential to promote sustainable development in the near future. Until the new technologies are commercially available, developing countries could revitalise rural economies by investing in rural infrastructure, agricultural production and improved energy supply (e.g. rural electrification). Different bioenergy systems could play an important role in this regard by providing access to cheap and clean domestic energy with significant potential to improve productivity and the overall standard of living in rural communities. This includes the use of biogas in China and India; several options at the village level in Thailand; a more efficient use of bagasse in Tanzania; and saw-mill residues in Cameroon for the generation of heat and power. The assessment of sustainable biomass potential and the evaluation of benefits of different bioenergy options, including first-generation biofuels, are important steps to increasing rural energy access. Investment to help build capacities in the field of feedstock supply and handling can create favourable conditions to establishing a second-generation biofuel industry. In this way, countries that are currently not able to produce second-generation biofuels could profit from new technology and market opportunities once the technology is commercially available. Another key point is to enhance collaboration both with developed countries and among developing countries to build capacities in the field of second-generation biofuels and to ensure technology access, as is already the case, for example, in Brazil, China, India and Thailand.

Conclusions x There is a considerable potential for the production of second-generation biofuels. Even if only 10% of the global agricultural and forestry residues were available in 2030, about half of the forecasted biofuel demand in the World Energy Outlook 2009 450 Scenario could be met – equal to about 5% of the projected total transport fuel demand. x Agricultural and forestry residues should be considered to be the feedstock of choice in the initial stage of the production, since they are readily available and do not require additional land cultivation. x To ensure a successful deployment of secondgeneration biofuels technologies requires intensive RD&D efforts over the next 10-15 years. x The technical development will mainly take place in OECD countries and emerging economies with sufficient RD&D capacities like Brazil, China and India. x In many developing countries, the conditions needed to set up a second-generation biofuel industry are not currently sufficient. The main obstacles that need to be overcome include poor infrastructure, lack of skilled labour and limited financing possibilities. x Investments in agricultural production and infrastructure improvements would promote rural development and can significantly improve the framework for a second-generation biofuel industry. This will allow developing countries to enter second-generation biofuel production once technical and costs barriers have been reduced or eliminated. x The suitability of second-generation biofuels for countries’ respective needs has to be evaluated against other bioenergy options. This should be part of an integrated land use and rural development strategy to achieve the best possible social and economic benefits. x Capacities should then be built slowly but continuously in order to avoid bottlenecks when the new technologies become technically available and economically feasible. To ensure technology access and transfer, co-operation on RD&D between industrialised and developing countries as well as among developing countries should be enhanced. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Sources Bauen, A., Berndes, G., Junginger, M., Londo, M., and Vuille, F. (2009) – Bioenergy A Sustainable and Reliable Energy Source – A review of Status and Prospectus. IEA Bioenergy, OECD/IEA, Paris. IEA (2008), Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050, OECD/IEA, Paris.

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IEA (2009). World Energy Outlook 2009, OECD/IEA, Paris. IEA Bioenergy Task 39 (2009), Commercializing 1st – and 2nd-generation Liquid Biofuels: Definitions, www.task39.org/About/Definitions/tabid/1761/language/ en-US/Default.aspx.

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PART III RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW

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Table 1. WORLD: Renewables indicators in 2008

Africa Latin America Asia China Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East OECD World Marine & Aviation Bunkers World Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Slavador

TPES

Of which: renewables

Mtoe

Mtoe

655.4 570.1 1414.2 2130.6 106.7 1038.2 591.8 5422.4 334.8 12264.2 2.1 37.1 11.0 76.4 3.0 130.1 33.2 13.4 9.2 27.9 28.1 58.6 3.0 5.7 6.0 2.1 248.5 3.6 19.8 5.2 7.1 266.8 31.4 2116.4 30.8 1.4 22.2 4.9 10.3 9.1 12.1 2.6 44.6 19.0 8.2 10.3 70.7 4.9 0.7

323.6 175.6 388.7 260.3 11.2 29.3 3.2 375.3 x 1567.2 0.5 0.1 7.3 5.4 0.2 6.9 8.5 0.2 8.8 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.0 0.6 0.5 110.5 1.0 3.6 5.4 45.2 6.9 260.2 8.5 0.7 21.4 2.7 7.8 0.8 1.2 0.1 2.2 3.2 1.7 1.6 2.9 3.0 0.5

Share of Share of main fuel categories in total renewables renewables in (%) TPES Renewable Geothermal, combustibles/ (%) solar, wind, tide Hydro waste

49.4 30.8 27.5 12.2 10.5 2.8 0.5 6.9 x 12.8 26.2 0.2 66.5 7.1 5.2 5.3 25.5 1.5 31.6 4.6 3.1 61.0 17.9 9.6 22.3 44.5 4.9 69.7 76.1 16.9 22.1 12.3 27.7 53.7 96.2 54.5 75.5 8.7 10.1 3.8 5.0 16.8 20.8 15.7 4.0 61.6 80.1

2.5 33.0 5.5 19.3 36.9 69.4 23.8 30.1 x 17.6 59.6 33.0 4.5 48.2 99.2 14.8 38.5 97.8 1.4 0.3 1.9 0.0 19.3 68.1 28.8 25.1 0.1 6.7 72.8 30.0 19.3 46.9 4.4 3.0 23.8 2.1 57.1 1.0 7.9 0.1 8.8 59.7 44.1 5.8 -

Eritrea Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries.

0.4 1.7 6.4 2.5 1.4 1.5 37.7 13.8 x 5.7 1.2 0.1 0.1 7.3 3.9 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.2 4.5 0.7 0.0 2.5 0.1 44.6 1.4 58.0 1.2 19.6 0.0 2.8 43.4 0.0

97.1 65.3 88.1 78.1 61.7 29.1 38.5 56.1 x 76.7 39.2 67.0 95.5 51.8 0.6 77.8 57.6 2.2 98.6 99.7 94.3 100.0 80.7 31.9 100.0 71.1 70.4 99.9 93.3 26.5 70.0 78.1 53.0 95.6 97.0 31.6 97.9 41.5 99.0 42.0 90.9 80.3 91.2 40.2 53.1 50.7 100.0

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Table 1. WORLD: Renewables indicators in 2008 (continued)

Estonia Ethiopia Finland France FYR of Macedonia Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Giblartar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal

TPES

Of which: renewables

Mtoe

Mtoe

5.4 31.7 35.3 266.5 3.1 2.1 3.0 335.3 9.5 0.2 30.4 8.1 2.8 4.6 14.1 26.5 5.3 621.0 198.7 200.2 34.0 15.0 22.0 176.0 4.4 495.8 7.1 70.9 18.0 226.9 20.3 26.3 2.9 4.5 5.2 18.2 9.2 4.1 76.5 0.8 180.6 3.1 3.2 15.0 9.3 15.7 1.8 9.8 79.7

0.6 29.6 9.1 19.0 0.3 1.2 1.0 27.2 6.9 1.7 4.6 2.0 2.1 0.1 1.6 4.4 174.7 68.3 1.4 0.1 0.6 1.1 13.6 0.5 16.1 0.1 0.8 15.1 1.3 2.3 0.9 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 3.6 0.0 17.8 0.1 0.1 0.6 8.9 10.8 0.3 8.7 2.7

Share of Share of main fuel categories in total renewables renewables in (%) TPES Renewable Geothermal, combustibles/ (%) solar, wind, tide Hydro waste

12.0 93.3 25.8 7.1 8.2 56.2 33.7 8.1 72.5 5.6 57.2 71.7 45.9 0.4 6.0 82.8 28.1 34.4 0.7 0.2 3.8 4.9 7.7 11.5 3.2 1.7 1.1 83.8 0.6 11.1 32.4 30.7 3.7 0.9 9.3 2.4 4.7 0.1 9.9 2.5 3.3 3.9 95.9 69.0 18.1 89.1 3.4

0.4 1.0 16.2 28.9 28.5 6.6 61.1 6.6 7.8 16.6 6.9 0.8 9.3 1.2 24.5 5.6 1.5 30.9 64.7 14.7 0.1 26.3 2.7 40.8 4.4 79.6 1.6 19.6 53.7 99.6 19.4 16.5 4.1 11.6 17.7 18.9 9.0 13.7 14.6 3.2 38.3 3.0 0.3

Netherlands Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1.8 0.0 0.3 3.7 3.5 1.4 16.5 22.4 0.2 7.4 75.4 0.8 20.9 1.2 37.9 99.0 40.1 0.8 21.7 90.5 6.7 7.9 0.4 10.6 1.4 7.6 0.0 100.0 34.9 4.4 0.0 14.4

97.9 99.0 83.5 67.5 68.0 93.4 37.5 76.9 92.2 61.0 93.1 99.2 90.7 99.8 91.5 0.1 93.6 77.6 67.9 35.3 47.4 0.9 33.5 96.5 37.5 5.1 20.4 91.7 72.5 46.3 0.4 80.2 73.0 100.0 94.5 80.8 82.3 46.2 91.0 100.0 82.0 85.4 96.8 61.6 97.0 85.3

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 51

Table 1. WORLD: Renewables indicators in 2008 (continued)

Netherland Antilles Nicaragua Nigeria Norway New Zealand Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Chinese Taipei Tajikistan United Rep. of Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Ukraine Uruguay United States Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia

TPES

Of which: renewables

Mtoe

Mtoe

2.2 3.5 111.2 29.7 16.9 16.4 82.8 2.9 4.4 14.7 41.1 97.9 24.2 24.1 39.4 686.8 161.6 2.9 16.0 18.5 18.3 7.7 134.5 138.8 8.9 15.4 49.6 26.7 19.7 105.5 2.5 19.0 107.2 2.6 14.3 9.2 98.5 18.8 58.4 208.5 136.1 4.2 2283.7 50.5 64.1 59.4 7.5 7.4 9.5

2.2 90.8 13.4 5.6 31.2 0.7 7.1 3.5 17.7 5.6 4.3 0.0 5.5 17.7 0.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 0.9 14.1 10.6 5.1 10.6 15.6 4.7 0.3 1.2 1.4 17.0 20.6 2.1 0.0 1.3 9.3 0.0 0.0 5.3 1.9 1.4 116.8 1.0 8.0 27.1 0.1 6.8 6.6

Share of Share of main fuel categories in total renewables renewables in (%) TPES Renewable Geothermal, combustibles/ (%) solar, wind, tide Hydro waste

61.5 81.7 45.0 33.1 37.7 24.1 163.1 23.9 43.1 5.7 17.9 0.0 13.9 2.6 0.0 42.4 10.2 5.4 11.0 10.5 7.7 56.6 68.8 31.5 17.7 1.3 1.2 54.7 89.4 19.3 83.4 0.1 13.7 9.5 0.0 0.0 2.6 1.4 33.2 5.1 1.9 12.5 45.6 1.0 92.3 69.1

2.1 0.5 89.9 34.2 7.7 49.0 67.1 46.5 4.8 3.3 13.5 27.0 79.9 1.6 50.4 35.1 40.5 0.8 19.0 7.0 1.2 38.0 65.5 97.5 30.3 100.0 1.3 3.0 0.4 0.3 30.7 100.0 8.3 52.0 28.0 18.9 100.0 93.2 8.3 12.2 5.6

Zimbabwe Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.

12.8 0.6 47.4 0.2 52.1 1.5 16.5 0.5 2.3 0.0 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.4 29.5 0.0 1.2 4.8 12.2 0.0 0.3 17.6 12.5 0.2 0.0 13.3 -

85.1 99.5 9.5 18.4 92.3 51.0 32.9 53.3 43.1 95.2 70.0 100.0 72.6 17.8 100.0 98.4 49.2 64.0 59.5 98.8 51.5 93.0 98.8 60.8 29.6 2.5 57.5 98.7 97.0 99.6 100.0 99.5 51.6 100.0 79.1 47.8 72.0 67.8 0.0 6.8 91.7 100.0 87.8 94.4

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

52 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

Table 2. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES* (%) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-09

OECD Total

5.8

6.0

5.9

6.3

6.5

6.9

7.3

1.2

OECD North America

6.4

6.5

6.0

6.2

6.1

6.6

6.8

0.3

OECD/IEA Pacific

4.0

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

-0.7

OECD Europe

5.7

6.3

6.8

7.8

8.6

9.1

9.9

2.9

IEA Total

5.6

5.8

5.7

6.1

6.3

6.7

7.2

1.3

IEA North America

6.1

6.2

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.4

6.6

0.4

IEA Europe

5.6

6.2

6.7

7.6

8.4

8.9

9.7

2.9

Non-OECD Total

20.9

22.0

21.9

18.9

18.6

18.3

..

..

World

12.7

13.1

12.9

12.5

12.6

12.8

..

..

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.4

5.5

5.3

5.1

-0.7

Austria

20.2

21.9

23.1

22.2

24.3

25.5

26.9

1.5

Belgium

1.0

1.0

1.1

2.3

2.7

3.1

3.6

7.1

Canada

16.2

16.8

16.9

15.8

16.2

16.9

16.9

0.2

0.2

1.5

1.5

4.2

4.7

5.0

5.9

19.4

Australia

Czech Republic

6.2

6.8

9.8

14.4

16.2

16.8

18.0

5.8

Finland

19.3

21.2

24.1

23.4

23.6

25.8

24.1

1.2

France

6.8

7.2

6.3

6.0

6.4

7.1

7.6

0.6

Germany

1.5

1.8

2.7

5.8

8.1

8.1

9.1

9.9

Greece

5.2

5.7

5.2

5.9

5.7

5.6

6.0

0.8

Hungary

2.6

3.4

3.3

4.5

5.1

6.0

7.4

5.6

Iceland

67.0

69.5

74.4

78.3

80.7

82.8

83.4

1.2

Ireland

1.7

1.5

1.7

2.9

3.1

3.8

4.4

5.1

Italy

4.4

4.9

5.9

6.9

6.7

7.7

9.3

4.0

Japan

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

-0.4

Korea

1.1

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

-2.6

Luxembourg

0.4

1.0

1.2

1.3

2.2

2.4

2.4

9.4

11.4

11.6

11.0

9.7

9.7

9.9

9.5

-0.9

Denmark

Mexico Netherlands

1.1

1.2

1.7

2.9

2.9

3.4

4.0

7.0

New Zealand

32.4

31.2

29.0

31.1

31.8

33.1

36.5

0.6

Norway

54.3

49.2

51.2

42.6

46.5

45.0

46.0

-0.9

Poland

1.5

3.9

4.3

5.1

5.3

5.7

6.2

7.6

19.6

16.4

15.2

17.1

17.9

17.9

20.8

0.3

Slovak Republic

1.5

2.8

2.8

4.5

5.4

5.4

5.6

7.0

Spain

6.9

5.5

5.7

6.5

6.9

7.7

9.3

1.6

Sweden

24.4

25.5

31.0

28.7

30.6

31.5

34.2

1.8

Switzerland

14.5

17.1

17.2

15.3

17.7

17.7

17.7

1.0

Turkey

18.3

17.5

13.2

11.1

9.6

9.5

10.5

-2.9

United Kingdom

0.5

0.8

1.0

1.9

2.2

2.6

3.1

10.1

United States

5.0

5.1

4.5

4.8

4.7

5.1

5.4

0.4

Portugal

*Renewable sources include hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 53

Table 3. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources* (%) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-09

OECD Total

17.3

17.0

15.6

15.5

15.4

16.3

17.2

-0.0

OECD North America

18.4

17.8

15.3

15.6

14.9

15.9

16.6

-0.5

OECD/IEA Pacific

13.1

10.8

9.7

9.2

8.3

8.4

8.6

-2.2

OECD Europe

17.6

18.6

18.9

18.5

19.7

20.9

22.5

1.3

IEA Total

17.2

16.8

15.4

15.4

15.3

16.1

17.1

-0.0

IEA North America

18.2

17.6

15.1

15.6

15.0

15.7

16.7

-0.4

IEA Europe

17.5

18.4

18.7

18.3

19.4

20.6

22.1

1.3

Non-OECD Total

23.3

25.2

23.2

21.3

20.7

20.9

..

..

World

19.5

19.9

18.4

18.1

17.8

18.5

..

.. -1.6

9.7

9.6

8.4

7.9

7.6

7.1

7.1

Austria

66.2

70.5

72.7

65.3

69.1

69.2

71.4

0.4

Belgium

0.8

0.9

1.3

3.5

4.0

5.3

5.7

11.0

Canada

62.4

61.0

60.6

59.5

59.5

60.6

60.8

-0.1

1.9

4.0

3.1

4.2

3.9

4.5

5.6

6.0 12.0

Australia

Czech Republic

3.2

5.1

15.6

20.3

26.4

27.8

27.5

Finland

29.5

30.5

33.3

27.2

29.9

35.9

30.3

0.1

France

13.4

15.3

13.1

10.9

11.8

13.0

12.9

-0.2

Germany

3.5

4.9

6.2

11.2

13.9

14.3

16.1

8.4

Greece

5.1

8.6

7.8

12.8

7.3

9.1

12.6

4.9

Hungary

0.7

0.6

0.7

4.2

4.7

5.9

8.0

13.8

Iceland

99.9

99.8

99.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

0.0

Ireland

4.9

4.1

5.0

9.1

9.9

12.1

14.8

6.0

Italy

16.4

17.5

18.8

16.5

15.5

18.6

23.1

1.8

Japan

12.0

10.1

9.9

10.3

9.0

9.5

9.5

-1.3

Denmark

6.0

1.7

1.4

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

-8.5

Luxembourg

13.3

22.0

39.3

6.9

8.0

10.3

8.2

-2.5

Mexico

Korea

24.7

23.0

20.1

15.7

14.3

18.3

13.7

-3.1

Netherlands

1.1

1.7

3.3

8.2

7.2

8.9

9.7

12.0

New Zealand

80.0

84.0

71.5

64.5

65.6

64.2

71.6

-0.6

Norway

99.8

99.7

99.7

99.3

99.1

99.4

96.6

-0.2

Poland

1.1

1.4

1.6

2.7

3.4

4.1

5.6

9.0

34.7

28.3

29.7

32.4

34.6

32.2

37.1

0.3

Portugal

7.4

18.5

15.0

15.4

17.7

15.9

19.0

5.1

Spain

17.2

14.7

16.1

17.6

19.3

19.8

24.8

2.0

Sweden

51.0

47.6

57.2

49.6

52.0

54.3

59.0

0.8

Switzerland

55.0

57.4

57.0

51.7

54.9

55.6

55.4

0.0

Turkey

40.4

41.6

24.9

25.3

19.0

17.3

19.6

-3.7

1.8

2.1

2.7

4.6

5.0

5.6

6.7

7.0

11.5

10.8

8.2

9.2

8.4

9.0

10.2

-0.7

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

54 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

Table 4. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydroelectricity* (%) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-09

OECD Total

1.8

1.5

1.9

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.6

4.9

OECD North America

2.8

1.9

1.9

2.4

2.6

3.0

3.3

1.0

OECD/IEA Pacific

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.6

OECD Europe

0.8

1.1

2.0

4.9

5.8

6.5

7.8

13.0

IEA Total

1.8

1.5

1.8

3.1

3.5

4.0

4.6

5.1

IEA North America

2.7

1.8

1.8

2.3

2.5

2.9

3.3

1.1

IEA Europe

0.7

1.1

2.0

4.9

5.7

6.4

7.7

13.0

Non-OECD Total

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

..

..

World

1.3

1.2

1.4

2.1

2.3

2.6

..

..

Australia

0.5

0.4

0.6

1.5

1.9

2.5

2.5

8.9

Austria

2.3

3.3

2.8

8.5

10.3

10.3

11.8

9.0

Belgium

0.4

0.4

0.7

3.1

3.5

4.8

5.3

14.4

Canada

0.8

1.0

1.4

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

4.5

-

0.7

0.7

1.2

1.5

2.1

2.6

-

Czech Republic Denmark

3.1

5.1

15.5

20.3

26.3

27.7

27.5

12.2

Finland

9.5

10.3

12.3

13.3

12.5

13.8

12.5

1.5

France

0.5

0.5

0.6

1.1

1.5

1.8

2.3

8.7

Germany

0.3

0.8

2.4

8.0

10.6

11.0

13.2

21.9

Greece

0.0

0.1

0.8

3.0

3.2

3.9

4.0

41.0

Hungary

0.1

0.2

0.2

3.6

4.2

5.4

7.4

28.9

Iceland

6.7

5.8

17.2

26.5

29.9

24.5

27.1

7.7

Ireland

-

0.1

1.4

6.5

7.5

8.8

11.5

-

Italy

1.5

1.5

2.5

4.4

4.8

5.3

6.5

7.9

Japan

1.4

1.5

1.6

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.5

Korea

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.5

38.9

Luxembourg

2.1

3.9

11.5

3.8

4.6

5.5

5.2

4.9

Mexico

4.4

3.9

3.2

3.7

3.9

3.1

3.1

-1.8

Netherlands

1.0

1.6

3.2

8.1

7.1

8.8

9.6

12.7

New Zealand

8.2

7.5

9.2

10.4

11.5

13.3

15.8

3.5

Norway

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

9.2

Poland

0.0

0.0

0.2

1.4

1.9

2.8

4.0

27.3

Portugal

2.5

3.2

3.6

9.7

13.1

17.2

20.4

11.8

-

-

-

1.3

1.7

1.8

1.9

-

Spain

0.4

0.8

2.8

8.9

10.3

12.2

15.8

21.8

Sweden

1.3

1.7

3.1

6.5

7.6

8.2

10.2

11.3

Switzerland

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

4.9

Turkey

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.6

1.1

11.6

United Kingdom

0.2

0.6

1.3

3.4

3.7

4.3

5.2

19.1

United States

3.0

2.0

1.9

2.4

2.6

3.1

3.6

0.9

Slovak Republic

*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics and IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 55

Table 5. OECD: Primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2008 (ktoe)

OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe

Hydro1

Wind

Solar/ tide

Geothermal

RCW2

NonRCW3

Total*

112869.9

16160.1

4942.8

30632.7

210665.3

18793.3

375270.9

58339.0

5141.4

1839.6

15146.9

99391.8

5736.8

179858.8

9763.6

692.9

932.8

5143.5

13431.6

3098.4

29964.3

44767.3

10325.8

2170.4

10342.4

97841.9

9958.2

165447.8 353086.8

108431.9

16137.0

4808.7

21284.5

202424.8

18791.5

IEA North America

54969.7

5118.3

1705.5

9081.0

91153.5

5736.8

162028.0

IEA Europe

43698.6

10325.8

2170.4

7060.0

97839.7

9956.3

161094.5

IEA Total

Non-OECD Total

163006.6

2631.3

7167.3

27758.3

991334.9

4018.5

1191898.4

World

275876.6

18791.3

12110.1

58391.0

1202000.2

22811.9

1567169.2

Australia

1024.2

338.9

169.6

-

5386.6

103.4

6919.3

Austria

3263.4

173.2

117.7

39.0

4883.0

531.9

8476.3

Belgium

35.3

54.8

9.5

3.5

1717.8

650.1

1820.8

Canada

32892.3

328.4

5.7

-

11973.4

142.4

45199.9

174.1

21.1

5.9

-

2010.2

186.6

2211.3 3202.0

Czech Republic

2.2

595.8

12.1

20.9

2571.0

394.0

Finland

1471.6

22.4

1.1

-

7585.3

116.4

9080.5

France

5480.4

489.3

91.6

114.1

12803.1

1163.7

18978.5

Germany

1801.0

3489.4

735.3

245.8

20882.9

2532.4

27154.4

Greece

284.8

192.8

173.5

17.0

1045.4

4.0

1713.6

Hungary

18.3

17.6

3.9

95.5

1455.6

68.1

1591.0 4353.3

Denmark

Iceland

1068.7

-

-

3282.4

2.2

1.8

Ireland

83.3

207.3

2.9

4.1

267.7

-

565.2

Italy

3579.6

418.0

83.5

4958.6

4559.7

751.8

13599.4

Japan

6556.6

225.6

703.1

2567.6

6034.4

975.7

16087.3

Korea

264.0

37.5

52.5

15.7

976.9

2019.3

1346.6

11.4

5.2

2.2

-

79.3

24.0

98.1

3369.3

23.1

134.1

6065.9

8238.3

-

17830.8

Luxembourg Mexico

8.8

366.4

24.3

2.3

2322.2

759.3

2723.9

1918.8

90.9

7.6

2560.1

1033.6

-

5611.1

Norway

12001.6

78.9

-

-

1270.0

88.8

13350.5

Poland

185.1

72.0

1.3

12.7

5324.0

566.8

5595.0

Portugal

584.6

495.1

33.5

185.1

3034.6

95.6

4332.9

Netherlands New Zealand

347.4

0.6

0.0

8.6

634.1

50.0

990.7

Spain

2021.0

2769.5

352.4

8.2

5468.8

328.0

10619.8

Sweden

5939.9

171.7

9.8

-

9505.6

434.4

15627.0

Switzerland

3099.1

1.6

32.9

193.3

1400.9

761.1

4727.9

Turkey

2861.2

72.8

419.9

1150.5

4805.8

22.1

9310.3

444.4

610.3

57.2

0.8

4212.7

427.3

5325.5

22077.4

4789.9

1699.8

9081.0

79180.1

5594.4

116828.1

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States 1

Hydro does not include pumped hydro

2

Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas.

3

Non-renewable combustibles and waste (Non-RCW) include industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste. * Total does not include non-renewable combustibles and waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

56 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

Table 6. OECD: Estimated primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2009 (ktoe)

OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe

Hydro1

Wind

Solar/ tide

Geothermal

RCW2

NonRCW3

Total*

110676.5

18544.2

5790.5

31551.5

211808.0

18027.1

378370.8

57451.6

6466.0

1913.5

14836.1

96712.6

4712.0

177379.8

9849.0

807.1

1012.4

5717.4

12734.0

3114.6

30119.9

43375.9

11271.1

2864.6

10998.1

102361.5

10200.4

170871.1 356939.3

107326.3

18522.8

5632.4

22210.2

203247.6

18025.2

IEA North America

55157.4

6444.6

1755.4

9041.9

88154.4

4712.0

160553.6

IEA Europe

42319.9

11271.1

2864.6

7451.0

102359.3

10198.6

166265.8

Non-OECD Total

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

World

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

IEA Total

Australia Austria

994.0

327.3

210.2

-

5181.9

103.4

6713.4

3357.3

210.9

126.0

40.1

4980.4

401.0

8714.6

Belgium

35.3

84.4

20.0

3.5

1889.5

650.1

2032.7

Canada

31554.3

325.2

5.7

-

10413.9

148.3

42299.0

209.2

24.8

14.2

-

2326.2

197.2

2574.4 3218.7

Czech Republic

1.6

578.0

12.1

20.6

2606.4

374.3

Finland

1093.5

23.7

1.3

-

6850.9

109.8

7969.4

France

4894.2

666.5

108.1

119.0

13435.5

1207.4

19223.3

Germany

1500.1

3251.6

939.9

453.1

22737.8

3025.0

28882.5

Greece

407.7

170.8

182.7

22.4

964.9

4.0

1748.5

Hungary

19.6

28.5

4.6

102.0

1683.4

68.8

1838.1 4605.3

Denmark

Iceland

1056.0

-

-

3547.1

2.2

1.8

Ireland

77.6

254.1

4.4

4.6

270.1

-

610.9

Italy

4087.9

523.5

150.5

4809.6

5498.6

719.0

15070.1

Japan

6531.8

294.8

680.9

2701.7

5109.3

892.8

15318.5

Korea

241.9

58.5

113.2

21.7

1057.5

2118.4

1492.9

8.0

5.5

2.2

-

79.0

19.7

94.7

2294.2

21.4

158.1

5794.2

8558.2

-

16826.2

Luxembourg Mexico

8.4

394.7

26.6

3.4

2630.1

765.4

3063.1

2081.3

126.5

8.1

2993.9

1385.3

-

6595.1

Norway

10856.7

84.4

-

-

1243.8

71.6

12184.9

Poland

207.2

94.0

1.3

12.8

5443.1

526.3

5758.4

Portugal

704.8

651.3

48.8

166.7

3385.2

103.5

4956.8

Netherlands New Zealand

383.7

0.4

0.0

11.3

553.4

45.4

948.9

Spain

2257.3

3148.9

689.3

9.0

5834.8

195.8

11939.3

Sweden

5600.7

213.7

10.8

-

9032.7

471.2

14857.9

Switzerland

3072.2

1.6

35.9

228.8

1417.4

739.9

4755.9

Turkey

3085.7

127.6

428.7

1443.2

4632.1

25.2

9717.3

451.2

732.3

57.2

0.8

4864.0

477.9

6105.4

23603.1

6119.4

1749.7

9041.9

77740.5

4563.8

118254.6

Slovak Republic

United Kingdom United States 1

Hydro does not include pumped hydro

2

Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas.

3

Non-renewable combustibles and waste (Non-RCW) include industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.

* Total does not include non-renewable combustibles and waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 57

PART IV DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 59

OECD TOTAL

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

60 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD TOTAL Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (18.7%)

Other* (0.3%) Nuclear (10.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (95.3%)

Hydro (38.6%)

Renewables (5.8%)

Oil (41.3%)

Biogas (1.2%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (50.6%)

Renew. mun. waste (3.5%)

Other** (10.8%)

Coal (23.8%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

4,479 Mtoe

260.88 Mtoe

132.04 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.4%)

Gas (24.2%)

Nuclear (11.3%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (69.2%)

Hydro (29.3%)

Biogas (7.1%)

Renewables (7.3%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (56.0%) Coal (19.6%)

Oil (37.2%)

Liquid biomass (17.3%)

Other** (14.8%)

Renew. mun. waste (6.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

5,172 Mtoe

378.37 Mtoe

211.81 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 61

OECD TOTAL 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

4479.10 260.88

4827.79 289.40

5233.86 306.98

5450.26 342.40

5490.13 357.14

5422.43 375.27

5171.52 378.37

1.1 2.0

Renewables/TPES(%)

5.8

6.0

5.9

6.3

6.5

6.9

7.3

1.0

20022.35

22166.14

25979.02

29609.29

30371.41

30503.68

29768.97

2.4

0.22

0.22

0.20

0.18

0.18

0.18

0.17

-1.3

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

111

108

100

91

90

88

86

-1.3

1042.73

1088.07

1126.77

1173.80

1181.86

1189.82

1195.86

0.7

4.30

4.44

4.64

4.64

4.65

4.56

4.32

0.3

7560.2

8457.4

9614.4

10461.1

10657.8

10676.1

10229.6

1.9

1309.57

1434.00

1496.01

1620.26

1639.90

1740.56

1758.31

1.6

17.3

17.0

15.6

15.5

15.4

16.3

17.2

-0.3

788.6

881.8

980.8

1064.0

1077.2

1050.1

..

1.6

0.01

2.87

4.03

17.08

22.96

30.75

..

60.6

-

58.0

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.6 2.1 2.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

397439

436418

465923

549121

572469

602269

..

2.3

Hydro

372936

407385

420271

435832

440997

443810

..

1.0

..

82263

84933

91892

94403

94874

..

..

4463

5049

5393

5341

5366

5647

..

1.3

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

..

..

761

5795

8001

13677

..

..

339

333

419

412

479

529

..

2.5

Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind

260

260

261

261

261

261

..

0.0

2383

4207

15397

63753

77936

96262

..

22.8

Industrial waste

..

..

1720

656

837

1184

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

6306

9783

9606

9833

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

13046

21370

22307

23611

..

..

Biogas

..

..

2349

5021

6063

6638

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

897

616

817

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

22999

29033

40786

61792

65886

70956

..

6.5

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

16100

20324

28551

43255

46120

49672

..

6.5

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

62 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD TOTAL 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

1369300

1515042

1596382

1729432

1748262

1843784

1855641

1.7

Hydro

1212805

1361856

1386504

1363651

1334231

1381191

1352613

0.7

43093

58667

68533

75289

73697

68750

65677

2.6

28614

29798

32976

38055

40307

40954

41532

2.0

19

126

731

5212

7035

11769

18799

42.9

663

824

526

551

685

899

920

1.7

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal

597

601

605

550

549

546

524

-0.5

Wind

3845

7349

28553

116943

149737

187908

215630

24.1

Industrial waste

7665

9399

13532

9300

9093

8620

6674

0.7

Municipal waste renew.

9132

13173

18815

26918

28886

29281

28402

6.7

Tide, wave, ocean

8977

12979

18309

24581

25574

25854

24984

6.1

93335

72780

82725

115104

119806

122080

125616

1.5

3648

6157

13106

24893

29090

31239

35643

12.7

-

-

-

3674

3269

3443

4304

-

Electricity only plants

1293708

1458156

1526320

1621155

1652395

1746733

..

1.7

Hydro

1212805

1361856

1386504

1363651

1334231

1381191

..

0.7

43093

58667

68533

75289

73697

68750

..

2.6

28557

29634

32085

36568

38832

39343

..

1.8

19

126

731

5212

7035

11769

..

42.9

Solar thermal

663

824

526

551

685

899

..

1.7

Tide, wave, ocean

597

601

605

550

549

546

..

-0.5

Wind

3845

7349

28553

116943

149737

187908

..

24.1

Industrial waste

3403

4914

5561

2684

2419

2543

..

-1.6

Municipal waste renew.

7621

10829

14821

16614

20373

20383

..

5.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

7641

10806

14561

14563

18101

18178

..

4.9

25568

26458

32229

46603

54563

55981

..

4.4

2989

4759

10144

15283

23991

25869

..

12.7

-

-

-

1933

1879

2123

..

-

75592

56886

70062

108277

95867

97051

..

1.4 20.4

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

57

164

891

1487

1475

1611

..

Industrial waste

4262

4485

7971

6616

6674

6077

..

2.0

Municipal waste renew.

1511

2344

3994

10304

8513

8898

..

10.4 10.2

Geothermal

1336

2173

3748

10018

7473

7676

..

67767

46322

50496

68501

65243

66099

..

-0.1

659

1398

2962

9610

5099

5370

..

12.4

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

1741 1390 1320 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 63

OECD TOTAL (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

217426

277376

439460

447008

474871

483180

..

Geothermal

..

7817

8076

11432

10337

12303

12393

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

57

..

Industrial waste

..

8595

14289

9977

9058

9529

10013

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

51643

63585

84207

93269

102609

103371

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

48912

60570

81528

80254

85754

86324

..

Solid biomass

..

94841

120698

234394

234492

247224

250315

..

Biogas

..

5612

10134

13615

14321

13201

13064

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

4258

5225

4194

7643

-

CHP plants

..

144891

184844

316945

315206

337090

..

..

Geothermal

..

7103

6967

8709

7800

9500

..

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

4611

6191

9200

8024

8287

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

38174

47018

66193

68273

75391

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

36675

44980

64168

58345

63283

..

..

Solid biomass

..

56864

75796

159809

164287

172791

..

..

Biogas

..

1464

3892

5827

6139

6128

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3039

2338

1710

..

-

Heat only plants

..

72535

92532

122515

131802

137781

..

..

Geothermal

..

714

1109

2723

2537

2803

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3984

8098

777

1034

1242

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

13469

16567

18014

24996

27218

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

12237

15590

17360

21909

22471

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

74585

70205

74433

..

..

Biogas

..

4148

6242

7788

8182

7073

..

..

1219 2887 2484 Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

16550

19041

25244

26053

24980

24243

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21748

17697

17851

18373

17898

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6547

5184

5285

5312

5324

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

12731

13487

11919

11669

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

64 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

112870 112870 -108015 -4855 1312441 1312441 -

Wind

16160 16160 -15209 -951 187908 187908 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

47 47 -47 546 546 -

Solar PV

1012 1012 -657 -355 11769 11769 -

Geothermal

30633 30633 -2 -25261 -169 -1027 -30 -126 -3 -141 3875 291 1 139 152 3584 2392 813 137 28 215 40954 39343 1611 12303 9500 2803

Solar thermal

3884 3884 -196 -4 -1 3683 129 1 1 127 3554 3226 257 14 57 898 898 57 57

Industrial waste

6815 7 6822 -380 -337 -338 -1039 -17 -17 -5 -2 4686 4641 179 753 31 1997 12 27 905 39 1 5 690 46 46 8620 2543 6077 9529 8287 1242

Mun. waste renew.

13455 13455 -4916 -1899 -2411 -1705 -508 -413 1604 662 52 3 410 1 1 72 1 121 942 7 935 29282 20384 8898 102609 75391 27218

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 65

OECD TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

11971 11971 -4392 -1686 -2067 -1552 -441 -346 1487 614 52 3 414 1 1 58 85 873 4 868 25854 18178 7676 85754 63283 22471

Wood/ wood waste

149552 2916 -1006 7 151468 -9820 -6320 -6733 -8686 -2154 -30 -249 -99 117377 61058 5 243 64 1214 5 41 4829 43334 10104 92 66 1061 56319 52011 2432 1869 7 122080 55981 66099 247224 172791 74433

Charcoal

144 -30 114 118 232 38 6 32 195 190 4 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

8080 8080 -3209 -2112 -275 -122 -27 -3 -9 -2 -13 2308 2236 4 2 1 1 2228 72 22 49 1 19279 17913 1366 3220 2159 1061

1131 1131 -1 -94 -293 -267 -10 -3 -62 -26 376 20 3 1 7 8 12 12 344 30 311 2 2440 285 2155 1680 1256 424

Other biogas

4030 4030 -2624 -64 -136 -288 -143 -2 773 687 562 1 2 77 39 6 7 7 79 5 35 38 9520 7671 1849 8301 2713 5588

Biogasoline

19819 1846 -243 -300 21121 -24 21098 21098 21098 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

9582 3147 -3025 -195 9509 32 9540 9540 9540 -

1662 95 1757 -2 -600 -103 -74 -220 -73 686 574 10 2 2 1 8 513 1 34 94 94 18 8 1 6 4 3443 2123 1320 4194 1710 2484

Total renew. & waste sources

390703 8155 -4304 -488 394064 4 -175327 -18949 -13354 -13909 -3500 -815 -131 -9 -170 -182 167725 70950 188 1681 101 4040 8 57 3 4983 45061 10145 94 71 4512 30751 30751 66026 57895 5751 2065 28 285 1775034 1677983 97051 474871 337090 137781

Share in total energy sources

10.1% 0.3% 0.3% x 7.3% x x x x x x x x x x x 4.5% 8.4% 0.2% 1.0% 0.2% 4.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 6.7% 37.4% 44.3% 0.5% 0.5% 5.3% 2.6% 2.9% 5.1% 8.2% 1.2% 3.5% 0.6% 0.9% 16.6% 17.4% 9.4% 15.6% 13.7% 23.4%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

66 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1104749 1104749 1016241 1729 86779 11077 75702

1172715 1172715 1065589 2872 104254 12758 91496

1271399 1271399 1151409 3414 116576 12822 103754

1197792 1197792 1047116 2851 147825 12437 135388

1268156 1268156 -159 1109583 5403 153011 12099 140912

1282778 1282778 -75 1114535 5885 162283 12201 150082

1321253 1321253 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.8 0.8 x 0.5 x 3.5 0.5 3.9

62316 62316 1 2393 59924 335 59589

66347 66347 2973 63374 1622 61752

134775 134775 5593 129182 4079 125103

137813 137813 -1 5208 2 132602 5192 127410

150956 150956 6356 3 144597 5380 139217

162634 162634 8411 3 154220 5397 148823

172896 172896 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.5 5.5 x 7.2 5.4 16.7 5.2

181883 181883 -72 113640 5222 62949 60892 2057

293108 293108 -502 184150 2103 106353 103942 2411

362134 -27 362107 -174 151553 229 210151 207148 3003

297268 15 -52 297231 -1 89355 258 99 207518 205509 2009

325398 157 -229 325326 94343 218 340 230425 227976 2449

285394 278 15 285687 -3 89142 194 104 196244 194335 1909

252620 252620 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.5 x 2.5 x -1.3 -16.7 x 6.5 6.7 -0.4

273094 273094 -1420 266399 49 5226 16 5210

370646 3 370649 -3399 312770 4 54476 24568 29908

465917 3 465920 419566 46354 7277 39077

546856 570 547426 1 482629 64798 27536 37262

563435 -7 563428 -1 496253 67174 27714 39460

565442 565442 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.1 x 6.1 x 5.4 22.7 49.9 19.2

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

195090 195090 1 193358 34 1699 19 1680

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 67

OECD TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

268399 268399 -1421 262228 49 4701 10 4691

360996 3 360999 -3400 304669 4 52926 24392 28534

427763 427763 2 387146 40619 7072 33547

489533 570 490103 2 430024 60081 27115 32966

501310 -6 501304 -1 439049 62254 25711 36543

502283 502283 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.6 x 5.6 x 4.9 26.2 55.6 22.6

5254358 5980 8628 5268966 2023 1650521 6 3620462 1417278 1 2203183

5645658 15192 762 5661612 1976 1665339 3 3998246 1631238 1 2367007

5797801 22286 -638 5819449 683 1001708 132 4818292 2565610 2252682

6188876 86995 -200 6275671 -1 1314382 13 6 4961269 2686291 2274978

6243702 79388 -741 6322349 3 1372376 57 4949919 2631027 2318892

6262632 79985 282 6342899 2 1423451 4154 4915296 2556879 2358417

6039531 96676 6136207 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.0 15.5 x 1.0 x -0.8 43.8 x 1.7 3.3 0.4

36024 36024 -575 34081 1368 1281 87

60827 60827 -1111 58270 1 1445 597 848

190352 190352 151 126491 64 63948 59768 4180

287716 287716 -2 202489 17 430 84778 81219 3559

315033 315033 -92 216948 81 421 97491 93995 9 3487

338358 338358 15 241110 83 544 96636 93625 13 2998

359899 359899 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.3 13.3 x 11.5 x 26.7 26.9 21.7

12065 12065 1360 6954 6471 6471

18543 18543 753 11531 7765 2 7763

31737 31737 62 19977 11822 3214 8608

44155 44155 2 27805 3304 10 13038 995 12043

45019 45019 -9 27808 2576 1073 13553 1256 12297

47352 47352 -14 27935 2598 1077 15728 822 495 14411

47462 47462 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.9 7.9 x 8.0 x 5.1 4.5

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

187385 187385 -1 186404 34 946 9 937

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

68 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

16416 16416 8528 7888 7719 169

22935 22935 -1 15837 24 7073 6663 410

21808 21808 -2 16252 4 5550 4122 1428

79247 79247 1 72010 44 7194 4363 2831

164385 164385 -1 132392 79 31913 28411 3502

168756 168756 2 136278 101 32379 28783 289 3307

224835 224835 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.8 13.8 x 16.6 8.2 7.6 18.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4101000 49000 26000 4176000 8000 4184000 4184000

4734500 79000 77500 4891000 365000 5256000 5256000

16196550 2286150 -473701 18008999 1 18009000 18009000

21961524 1881608 -262133 23580999 -1999 23579000 23579000

31035801 2498371 -470793 33063379 -38379 33025000 33025000

36179733 1468287 -332020 37316000 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

200177 6000 -177 206000 206000 206000

717748 11522 -270 729000 729000 729000

6253138 -131311 46175 6168002 -6002 6162000 6119000

8655306 175804 -122562 8708548 5452 8714000 8670000

10500379 274913 -221232 10554060 34940 10589000 10589000

11689602 246083 -73685 11862000 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12844 12844 12844 11757 1087

19666 19666 19666 18001 1665

1185945 361755 -197 1547503 -22 1058321 489160 437314 47425 4421

3263307 43693 -189 3306811 2199602 320 1106889 1027156 69058 10675

3035434 108856 -41 3144249 1897569 7 1246673 1109107 116987 20579

3495797 67116 -2455 3560458 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

81 11 92 92 92

99 13 112 112 112

109 52 161 161 28 133

153 78 231 231 21 210

182 140 322 322 20 302

161 155 316 316 51 265

164 164 328 .. .. .. ..

3.9 15.8 7.1 7.1 6.1

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 69

OECD NORTH AMERICA

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

70 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD NORTH AMERICA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (23.0%)

Other* (0.2%) Nuclear (8.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (96.1%)

Hydro (35.5%)

Renewables (6.4%)

Oil (40.7%)

Biogas (1.0%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (51.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (2.9%)

Other** (13.1%)

Coal (21.7%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2,245 Mtoe

143.66 Mtoe

73.80 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.2%)

Gas (25.8%)

Nuclear (9.3%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (67.0%)

Hydro (32.4%)

Biogas (5.5%)

Renewables (6.8%)

Coal (19.9%)

Oil (38.0%)

Other** (13.1%)

Liquid biomass (23.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (54.5%)

Renew. mun. waste (4.2%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

2,599 Mtoe

177.38 Mtoe

96.71 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 71

OECD NORTH AMERICA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

2244.94 143.66

2427.96 158.65

2669.56 160.30

2736.94 168.62

2784.93 170.27

2731.10 179.86

2598.94 177.38

1.1 1.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

6.4

6.5

6.0

6.2

6.1

6.6

6.8

0.2

8060.19

9082.23

11260.45

13027.77

13319.00

13381.93

13162.86

2.9

0.28

0.27

0.24

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.20

-1.7 -1.7

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

117

113

100

89

88

86

83

359.12

387.01

411.36

436.14

440.35

444.42

448.53

1.2

6.25

6.27

6.49

6.28

6.32

6.15

5.79

-0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

3800.7

4263.1

4828.0

5142.9

5229.4

5253.9

5036.5

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

698.54

759.18

736.86

801.37

781.61

833.65

835.79

1.0

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

18.4

17.8

15.3

15.6

14.9

15.9

16.6

-0.8

451.7

500.0

564.2

622.0

629.9

612.8

..

1.7

-

2.65

3.32

11.45

15.02

20.59

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.5 0.6 1.8 2.4 3.4 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total capacity Hydro

..

191334

194587

212841

221088

231749

..

..

174139

175922

182854

184748

185791

..

0.8

..

21564

19699

21638

22063

22035

..

..

3369

3721

3648

3234

3174

3221

..

-0.2

..

..

197

734

1019

1547

..

..

339

333

419

401

465

465

..

1.8

Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal

90-08

159621

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

2009e

20

20

20

20

20

20

..

-

1912

1755

2472

12875

18371

27106

..

15.9

Industrial waste

..

..

638

456

366

527

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

2631

2223

2254

2250

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

7648

8648

8952

9017

..

..

Biogas

..

..

992

1329

1644

1723

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

67

75

82

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

18530

21215

19768

18719

19720

20482

..

0.6

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

12971

14851

13838

13103

13804

14337

..

0.6

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

72 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD NORTH AMERICA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

724513

794738

779339

840571

820235

871779

868455

1.0

Hydro

609286

701418

671739

703538

673626

703753

691287

0.8

15919

23851

26893

25931

26037

25392

23245

2.6

21136

20610

20522

23266

24202

24070

23264

0.7

4

13

206

768

1035

1614

1614

39.6

663

824

526

550

673

879

878

1.6

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal

26

33

32

31

30

33

33

1.3

Wind

3067

3262

5933

29235

37889

59784

75186

17.9

Industrial waste

4710

4268

7170

5605

5006

5203

1923

0.6

Municipal waste renew.

5382

7485

8463

9792

9680

9615

9562

3.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

5348

7441

8417

7668

7581

7529

7496

1.9

72374

46052

50384

52144

52140

49880

48152

-2.0

2517

3332

5947

7810

8289

9331

8967

7.6

-

-

-

164

84

88

93

-

Electricity only plants

662509

757541

737374

801042

780857

833576

..

1.3

Hydro

609286

701418

671739

703538

673626

703753

..

0.8

15919

23851

26893

25931

26037

25392

..

2.6

21136

20610

20522

23266

24202

24070

..

0.7

4

13

206

768

1035

1614

..

39.6

663

824

526

550

673

879

..

1.6

26

33

32

31

30

33

..

1.3

3067

3262

5933

29235

37889

59784

..

17.9

749

440

923

1427

1116

1288

..

3.1

Municipal waste renew.

4846

6739

7286

8691

8536

8487

..

3.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

4847

6729

7275

6822

6701

6662

..

1.8

15368

14352

18310

19852

19785

18798

..

1.1

2517

3121

4622

6855

7250

8200

..

6.8

-

-

-

7

14

8

..

-

62004

37197

41965

39529

39378

38203

..

-2.7

Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3961

3828

6247

4178

3890

3915

..

-0.1

Municipal waste renew.

536

746

1177

1101

1144

1128

..

4.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

501

712

1142

846

880

867

..

3.1

57006

31700

32074

32292

32355

31082

..

-3.3

-

211

1325

955

1039

1131

..

-

Geothermal Industrial waste

Solid biomass Biogas

157 70 80 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 73

OECD NORTH AMERICA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

30553

29132

44777

49532

46404

51105

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

3899

3525

3751

3734

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4944

8935

6816

7170

7546

7558

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

4340

8330

5064

5342

5637

5599

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

27903

32164

28358

32065

..

Biogas

..

-

2191

1095

1331

1112

2149

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

..

29172

27751

43627

48382

45254

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

3899

3525

3751

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4046

8037

6068

6422

6798

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

3857

7847

4662

4940

5235

..

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

27903

32164

28358

..

..

Biogas

..

-

2191

1095

1331

1112

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

..

1381

1381

1150

1150

1150

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

898

898

748

748

748

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

483

483

402

402

402

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Biogas

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

74 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD NORTH AMERICA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

58339 58339 -55275 -3064 678361 678361 -

Wind

5141 5141 -5140 -1 59784 59784 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

3 3 -3 33 33 -

Solar PV

139 139 -9 -129 1614 1614 -

Geothermal

15147 15147 -13983 1164 126 126 1038 665 373 24070 24070 -

Solar thermal

1698 1698 -196 1502 1502 1369 133 878 878 -

Industrial waste

2514 2514 -214 -140 -166 -682 1311 1310 135 566 10 595 3 2 2 5203 1288 3915 3751 3751 -

Mun. waste renew.

4125 4125 -3003 -285 -361 -87 -35 354 63 63 291 291 9615 8487 1128 7546 6798 748

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 75

OECD NORTH AMERICA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

3223 3223 -2359 -219 -284 -63 -19 278 49 49 229 229 7529 6662 867 5637 5235 402

Wood/ wood waste

69695 69695 -3495 -3009 -1283 -4090 57818 37245 92 4 1869 29960 5146 174 20573 18467 1749 357 49880 18798 31082 28358 28358 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

4650 4650 -2048 -178 -178 -20 -1 2224 2214 4 1 1 1 2208 10 9 8535 7861 674 336 336 -

45 45 -45 125 125 -

Other biogas

206 206 -53 -6 -27 -83 36 9 5 4 28 28 671 214 457 776 776 -

Biogasoline

18244 1301 -8 -297 19239 19239 19239 19239 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

2528 1027 -2208 1348 1348 1348 1348 -

85 85 -1 -1 -12 71 71 2 70 88 8 80 -

Total renew. & waste sources

185782 2328 -2216 -297 185597 -85779 -7077 -2299 -5037 -54 -1 85345 41087 4 229 571 1 1884 30630 5149 2620 20587 20587 23673 20501 2814 357 846386 808183 38203 46404 45254 1150

Share in total energy sources

7.9% 0.3% 0.5% x 6.8% x x x x x x 4.6% 10.8% 0.0% 0.3% 1.8% 0.0% 5.5% 43.3% 37.6% 7.4% 2.9% 3.4% 4.0% 6.5% 1.2% 1.6% 16.1% 16.4% 11.8% 8.2% 8.0% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

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76 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD NORTH AMERICA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

774965 774965 760896 14069 14069

758960 758960 741960 17000 17000

760527 760527 738792 21735 4642 17093

602414 602414 563693 38721 4642 34079

634474 634474 591111 43363 4959 38404

634292 634292 585549 48743 5275 43468

621277 621277 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.1 -1.1 -1.4 7.1 6.5

2387 2387 2387 -

2967 2967 2967 -

67672 67672 5569 62103 62103

62612 62612 5157 57455 57455

66216 66216 6216 60000 60000

71103 71103 8193 62910 62910

74199 74199 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

20.8 20.8 7.1 -

82284 82284 80721 1563 1563 -

132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 -

175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655

131285 131285 52643 78642 78231 411

141646 141646 46643 95003 94377 626

105267 105267 50347 54920 54839 81

65494 65494 .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.4 1.4 -2.6 21.9 21.9 -

89439 89439 89439 -

138350 138350 138350 -

174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925

172697 172697 155756 16941 4258 12683

167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369

172742 172742 157917 14825 2623 12202

169027 169027 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.7 3.7 3.2 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 77

OECD NORTH AMERICA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

136858 136858 136858 -

173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925

134932 134932 121622 13310 3345 9965

130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576

134968 134968 123320 11648 2061 9587

131827 131827 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.4 2.4 1.9 -

2970010 2970010 1412457 1557553 688697 868856

3137287 3137287 1334085 1803202 844125 959077

3104011 3104011 606982 2497029 1662922 834107

3008300 3008300 500464 2507836 1709237 798599

2964969 2964969 1 513271 2451699 1608769 842930

2918538 2918538 497341 2421197 1559681 861516

2712176 2712176 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-0.1 -0.1 x -5.6 2.5 4.6 -0.0

30674 30674 30674 -

42788 42788 42788 -

124617 124617 65159 59458 57035 2423

164703 164703 83755 80948 80398 550

179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739

194711 194711 101526 48 93137 92729 408

210481 210481 .. .. .. .. .. ..

10.8 10.8 6.9 -

276 276 276 -

516 516 516 -

953 953 953 -

1335 1335 1335 -

1744 1744 1744 -

1880 1880 1880 -

1692 1692 .. .. .. .. .. ..

11.2 11.2 11.2 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

88273 88273 88273 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

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78 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD NORTH AMERICA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822

11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771

10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137

8606 8606 7082 1524 363 1161

8877 8877 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4063000 49000 26000 4138000 8000 4146000 4146000

4642000 79000 79000 4800000 365000 5165000 5165000

14849854 2204897 -402752 16651999 1 16652000 16652000

20200879 1703657 -223536 21681000 21681000 21681000

28556443 2021817 -465260 30113000 30113000 30113000

33128042 759087 -313129 33574000 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

20667 333 21000 21000 21000

834800 269 -69 835000 835000 835000

1632750 -438215 465 1195000 1195000 1195000

2585577 -1206723 146 1379000 1379000 1379000

1798515 -627422 -71093 1100000 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -

177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -

165422 165422 27508 137914 137914 -

205483 205483 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 79

OECD/IEA PACIFIC

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

80 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD/IEA PACIFIC Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (10.4%) Other* (0.1%) Nuclear (10.5%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (96.9%)

Hydro (45.0%)

Renewables (4.0%)

Oil (53.0%)

Biogas (1.0%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (37.6%)

Coal (21.9%)

Renew. mun. waste (2.1%)

Other** (17.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

631 Mtoe

25.41 Mtoe

9.56 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (16.8%)

Other* (0.4%) Nuclear (13.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (83.3%)

Hydro (32.7%)

Biogas (5.1%)

Renewables (3.5%)

Oil (39.9%)

Other** (25.0%)

Coal (26.2%)

Liquid biomass (3.1%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (42.3%)

Renew. mun. waste (8.5%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

852 Mtoe

30.12 Mtoe

12.73 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 81

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

631.33 25.41

748.32 26.44

829.40 28.58

872.30 30.40

878.62 29.96

869.83 29.96

851.67 30.12

1.8 0.9

Renewables/TPES(%)

4.0

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

-0.9

4739.01

5252.24

5653.12

6331.83

6509.03

6499.74

6275.83

1.8

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.14

0.13

0.13

0.14

0.0

91

97

100

94

92

91

92

0.0

187.14

192.58

197.08

201.11

201.64

202.12

201.91

0.4

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

3.37

3.89

4.21

4.34

4.36

4.30

4.22

1.4

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

1127.4

1350.2

1586.6

1787.7

1846.0

1819.8

1772.5

2.7

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

147.74

146.41

153.59

164.67

153.13

153.08

152.01

0.2

13.1

10.8

9.7

9.2

8.3

8.4

8.6

-2.4

95.3

118.6

126.2

128.5

127.7

123.9

..

1.5

-

-

-

0.10

0.18

0.26

..

-

-

-

TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

54084

62379

67249

75775

76380

77934

..

2.1

Hydro

53110

60372

63867

67472

67468

67523

..

1.3

18945

24825

27395

30549

30879

30879

..

2.8

of which: pumped storage

531

779

951

965

983

1117

..

4.2

Solar photovoltaic

2

58

363

1815

2082

2606

..

49.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

3

3

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

3

160

2971

3292

4267

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

4

7

6

..

-

Municipal waste

-

491

1333

1540

1539

1538

..

-

429

631

462

631

610

532

..

1.2

12

45

113

377

396

342

..

20.5

Geothermal

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

1257

8990

8771

8807

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

880

6293

6140

6165

..

-

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

82 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

155903

159981

167577

180502

168938

166746

164089

0.4

Hydro

140259

140465

143580

142159

127432

123227

124079

-0.7

7262

12170

11524

11895

11874

9697

9556

1.6

3872

5334

6270

6449

6598

6952

7709

3.3

Solar photovoltaics

2

67

396

1930

2208

2692

3398

49.2

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

4

4

4

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

9

304

4784

6540

8057

9385

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

90-08

-

-

97

461

436

489

469

-

903

1401

2374

3500

3531

3509

2078

7.8

904

1402

2368

3474

3501

3485

2057

7.8

9823

11065

11619

16476

17212

16662

13392

3.0

140

238

569

1268

1476

1669

1518

14.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

154623

158718

165854

178896

167218

165074

..

0.4

Hydro

140259

140465

143580

142159

127432

123227

..

-0.7

7262

12170

11524

11895

11874

9697

..

1.6

3815

5277

6228

6394

6546

6900

..

3.3

Solar photovoltaics

2

67

396

1930

2208

2692

..

49.2

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

4

4

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

9

304

4784

6540

8057

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

97

461

436

489

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

903

1401

2352

3418

3418

3418

..

7.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

904

1402

2354

3419

3419

3419

..

7.7

8713

10035

10456

15221

15926

15360

..

3.2

27

62

87

1109

1289

1508

..

25.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

1280

1263

1723

1606

1720

1672

..

1.5

Geothermal

-0.5

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

57

57

42

55

52

52

..

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

22

82

113

91

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

-

-

14

55

82

66

..

-

1110

1030

1163

1255

1286

1302

..

0.9

113

176

482

159

187

161

..

2.0

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 83

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

4185

8765

14573

16350

19055

15562

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

101

153

93

72

68

75

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

311

2012

5048

5797

7365

6277

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

208

1341

3365

4179

5309

4185

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

422

422

..

Biogas

..

3565

5259

6067

6302

5891

4603

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

..

-

-

1595

3362

5220

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

-

-

957

1589

2574

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

-

-

638

1146

1855

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

422

..

..

Biogas

..

-

-

-

627

369

..

..

of which:

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

..

4185

8765

12978

12988

13835

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

101

153

93

72

68

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

311

2012

4091

4208

4791

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

208

1341

2727

3033

3454

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Biogas

..

3565

5259

6067

5675

5522

..

..

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Liquid biomass

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

84 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

9764 9764 -9128 -636 113530 113530 -

Wind

693 693 -463 -230 8057 8057 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

232 232 -22 -210 2692 2692 -

Geothermal

5143 5143 -4494 -169 -30 451 139 139 312 2 222 87 6952 6900 52 -

Solar thermal

701 701 701 701 674 27 4 4 -

Industrial waste

2091 3 2094 -92 -2 2000 1980 112 232 1 727 11 13 255 5 622 20 20 489 489 68 68

Mun. waste renew.

1064 1064 -267 -426 -130 -114 126 126 126 3509 3418 91 7365 2574 4791

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 85

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

1005 1005 -267 -426 -94 -82 135 135 135 3485 3419 66 5309 1855 3454

Wood/ wood waste

11409 26 11435 -763 -2262 -890 -30 7491 5789 21 57 2041 2661 971 37 1702 1653 49 16662 15360 1302 422 422 -

Charcoal

12 12 12 12 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

468 468 -410 -11 -20 -19 -7 -3 1601 1502 99 731 369 362

65 65 -1 -18 46 46 46 64 2 62 -

Other biogas

133 133 -1 -128 5 5 5 4 4 5160 5160

Biogasoline

75 75 75 75 75 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

190 190 190 190 190 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

33033 26 3 33062 -15815 -4463 -20 -1181 -137 -199 -18 11232 7913 112 253 58 727 11 2059 3055 971 5 659 265 265 3054 2341 625 87 157049 155377 1672 19055 5220 13835

Share in total energy sources

7.3% x 3.8% x x x x x x x 2.0% 4.9% 0.3% 1.0% 0.5% 4.3% 0.1% 20.4% 24.9% 73.9% 0.2% 3.8% 0.2% 0.2% 1.7% 3.0% 0.7% 1.4% 8.6% 8.8% 3.0% 8.4% 2.8% 36.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

86 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

132080 132080 117393 14687 9180 5507

191332 191332 169095 22237 10930 11307

207832 207832 189130 18702 5492 13210

206495 206495 187886 18609 5782 12827

209445 209445 190661 18784 5839 12945

215388 215388 -1 196514 18873 5819 13054

239420 239420 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.8 2.8 x 2.9 1.4 -2.5 4.9

52714 52714 1 52715 52715

46368 46368 46368 46368

38986 38986 38986 38986

26661 26661 -1 2 26658 11 26647

28879 28879 14 28865 16 28849

29368 29368 13 29355 9 29346

30160 30160 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -3.2 x -3.2 -3.2

19510 19510 -72 80 19358 19193 165

40872 40872 -502 123 40247 39867 380

54098 2 54100 -174 987 52939 52718 221

75664 -22 75642 -1 3783 71858 71456 402

81645 -230 81415 3545 77870 77462 408

87558 116 87674 -3 3934 83737 82906 831

87662 87662 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.7 x 8.7 x 24.2 8.5 8.5 9.4

8379 8379 8219 160 160

13435 13435 -1 12980 454 454

25047 25047 1 22686 2362 2362

42759 42759 37433 5326 5326

44062 44062 38549 5513 5513

44563 44563 -1 39269 5293 5293

45182 45182 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.7 9.7 x 9.1 21.5 21.5

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 87

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

13180 13180 1 12878 303 303

23519 23519 21945 1574 1574

38248 38248 34697 3551 3551

39934 39934 1 35960 3975 3975

42074 42074 36411 5663 5663

42766 42766 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.4 9.4 x 8.6 24.7 24.7

387022 972 387994 2023 116042 273975 176074 97901

384564 553 385117 2023 120239 266901 176964 89937

431694 1153 432847 683 116939 316591 224128 92463

472487 1163 473650 160862 312788 241014 71774

487390 1205 488595 166421 322174 249016 73158

477778 1089 478867 2 165169 313700 242415 71285

444322 444322 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.2 0.6 1.2 x 2.0 0.8 1.8 -1.7

1306 1306 -586 720 -

2525 2525 -1110 1415 -

6547 6547 151 6698 -

15587 15587 -1 15243 343 108 235

18016 18016 11 17916 111 111 -

19617 19617 15 19632 -

20435 20435 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

16.2 16.2 x 20.2 -

280 280 1360 1360 280 280

1311 1311 752 1472 591 591

1161 1161 62 514 709 709

3952 3952 886 3066 3066

4056 4056 -10 807 3239 3239

2730 2730 -15 768 1947 1947

2354 2354 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.5 13.5 x -3.1 11.4 11.4

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

8327 8327 8220 107 107

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

88 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

2342 2342 1841 501 501 -

4852 4852 4039 813 813 -

6337 6337 5516 821 821 -

6381 6381 5955 426 294 132

6008 6008 5592 416 294 122

5587 5587 5385 202 202 -

4256 4256 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.9 4.9 6.1 -4.9 -4.9 -

-

-

-

59242 -242 59000 59000 59000

65561 439 66000 66000 66000

117000 117000 117000 117000

167854 146 168000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

67504 3000 -4504 66000 66000 66000

160070 -3070 157000 157000 157000

209823 177 210000 210000 210000

322247 -247 322000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

35 35 35 35

31 31 31 31

25 25 25 25

17 17 17 17

17 17 17 17

17 17 17 17

16 16 .. .. .. ..

-3.9 -3.9 -3.9 -3.9

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 89

OECD EUROPE

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

90 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD EUROPE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (16.1%)

Other* (0.6%)

Nuclear (12.7%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (93.8%)

Hydro (41.5%)

Renewables (5.7%)

Biogas (1.5%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (53.0%) Oil (37.5%)

Renew. mun. waste (4.8%)

Other** (5.5%)

Coal (27.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1,603 Mtoe

91.82 Mtoe

48.68 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.9%) Gas (25.4%)

Nuclear (13.3%)

Hydro (25.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (69.6%)

Biogas (9.0%)

Renewables (9.9%)

Coal (16.1%)

Oil (34.5%)

Liquid biomass (13.2%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (59.9%)

Other** (14.7%)

Renew. mun. waste (8.2%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

1,721 Mtoe

170.87 Mtoe

102.36 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 91

OECD EUROPE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

1602.83 91.82

1651.50 104.30

1734.89 118.10

1841.01 143.38

1826.57 156.91

1821.50 165.45

1720.90 170.87

0.7 3.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

5.7

6.3

6.8

7.8

8.6

9.1

9.9

2.6

7223.16

7831.67

9065.45

10249.69

10543.37

10622.01

10330.28

2.2

0.22

0.21

0.19

0.18

0.17

0.17

0.17

-1.4

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

116

110

100

94

91

90

87

-1.4

496.47

508.48

518.33

536.55

539.87

543.28

545.42

0.5

3.23

3.25

3.35

3.43

3.38

3.35

3.16

0.2

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

2632.0

2844.1

3199.8

3530.5

3582.4

3602.4

3420.6

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

463.29

528.41

605.56

654.22

705.16

753.83

770.51

2.7

17.6

18.6

18.9

18.5

19.7

20.9

22.5

1.0

241.5

263.2

290.4

313.5

319.5

313.5

..

1.5

0.01

0.22

0.71

5.53

7.76

9.90

..

50.8

-

48.6

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.8 2.4 3.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

166345

182705

204087

260505

275001

292586

..

3.2

Hydro

160205

172874

180482

185506

188781

190496

..

1.0

29462

35874

37839

39705

41461

41960

..

2.0

563

549

794

1142

1209

1309

..

4.8

12

62

201

3246

4900

9524

..

44.9

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

11

11

61

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

240

240

241

241

241

241

..

0.0

Wind

471

2449

12765

47907

56273

64889

..

31.5

Industrial waste

420

682

1082

196

464

651

..

2.5

Municipal waste

1142

1662

2342

6020

5813

6045

..

9.7

Solid biomass

3029

3669

4936

12091

12745

14062

..

8.9

263

518

1244

3315

4023

4573

..

17.2

Solar thermal

Biogas

-

-

-

830

541

735

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

4469

7818

19761

34083

37395

41667

..

13.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

3129

5473

13833

23859

26176

29170

..

13.2

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

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92 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD EUROPE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

488884

560323

649466

708359

759089

805259

823097

2.8

Hydro

463260

519973

571185

517954

533173

554211

537247

1.0

19912

22646

30116

37463

35786

33661

32876

3.0

3606

3854

6184

8340

9507

9932

10559

5.8

13

46

129

2514

3792

7463

13787

42.3

-

-

-

-

8

16

38

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

571

568

573

519

519

513

491

-0.6

Wind

778

4078

22316

82924

105308

120067

131059

32.3

Industrial waste

2955

5131

6265

3234

3651

2928

4282

-0.1

Municipal waste renew.

2847

4287

7978

13626

15675

16157

16762

10.1

2725

4136

7524

13439

14492

14840

15431

9.9

11138

15663

20722

46484

50454

55538

64072

9.3

991

2587

6590

15815

19325

20239

25158

18.2

-

-

-

3510

3185

3355

4211

-

Electricity only plants

476576

541897

623092

641217

704320

748083

..

2.5

Hydro

463260

519973

571185

517954

533173

554211

..

1.0

19912

22646

30116

37463

35786

33661

..

3.0

3606

3747

5335

6908

8084

8373

..

4.8

13

46

129

2514

3792

7463

..

42.3

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

8

16

..

-

571

568

573

519

519

513

..

-0.6

778

4078

22316

82924

105308

120067

..

32.3

Industrial waste

2654

4474

4541

796

867

766

..

-6.7

Municipal waste renew.

1872

2689

5183

4505

8419

8478

..

8.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

1890

2675

4932

4322

7981

8097

..

8.4

Solid biomass

1487

2071

3463

11530

18852

21823

..

16.1

445

1576

5435

7319

15452

16161

..

22.1

-

-

-

1926

1865

2115

..

-

12308

18426

26374

67142

54769

57176

..

8.9

Wind

Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

107

849

1432

1423

1559

..

-

Industrial waste

301

657

1724

2438

2784

2162

..

11.6

Municipal waste renew.

975

1598

2795

9121

7256

7679

..

12.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

835

1461

2592

9117

6511

6743

..

12.3

9651

13592

17259

34954

31602

33715

..

7.2

546

1011

1155

8496

3873

4078

..

11.8

Geothermal

Solid biomass Biogas

1584 1320 1240 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 93

OECD EUROPE (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

182688

239479

380110

381126

409412

416513

..

Geothermal

..

7817

8076

11432

10337

12303

12393

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

57

..

Industrial waste

..

6501

13949

5985

5461

5710

6204

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

46388

52638

72343

80302

87698

89536

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

44364

50899

73099

70733

74808

76540

..

Solid biomass

..

75565

111209

206491

202328

218444

217828

..

Biogas

..

2047

2684

6453

6688

6198

6312

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

4258

5225

4194

7643

-

CHP plants

..

115719

157093

271723

263462

286616

..

..

Geothermal

..

7103

6967

8709

7800

9500

..

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

2618

6004

5301

4499

4536

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

34128

38981

59168

60262

66019

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

32818

37133

58868

52259

56193

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37588

66307

131906

132123

144011

..

..

Biogas

..

1464

1701

4732

4181

4647

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3039

2338

1710

..

-

Heat only plants

..

66969

82386

108387

117664

122796

..

..

Geothermal

..

714

1109

2723

2537

2803

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3883

7945

684

962

1174

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

12260

13657

13175

20040

21679

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

11546

13766

14231

18474

18615

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

74585

70205

74433

..

..

Biogas

..

583

983

1721

2507

1551

..

..

1219 2887 2484 Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

16550

19041

25244

26053

24980

24243

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21748

17697

17851

18373

17898

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6547

5184

5285

5312

5324

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

12731

13487

11919

11669

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

94 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

Wind

44767 44767 -43611 -1156 520550 520550 -

10326 10326 -9606 -720 120067 120067 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

44 44 -44 513 513 -

Solar PV

642 642 -626 -16 7463 7463 -

Geothermal

10342 10342 -2 -6783 -1027 -126 -3 -141 2261 26 1 25 2234 1724 217 50 28 215 9932 8373 1559 12303 9500 2803

Solar thermal

1484 1484 -4 -1 1479 129 1 1 126 1351 1183 97 14 57 16 16 57 57

Industrial waste

2211 7 -2 2215 -166 -104 -172 -358 -15 -17 -5 -2 1375 1351 67 385 30 703 1 4 56 36 1 68 24 24 2928 766 2162 5710 4536 1174

Mun. waste renew.

8266 8265 -1646 -1188 -2049 -1488 -508 -263 1124 599 52 3 410 1 1 72 1 59 525 7 518 16158 8479 7679 87698 66019 21679

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 95

OECD EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

7744 7743 -1766 -1040 -1783 -1395 -441 -245 1073 565 52 3 414 1 1 58 36 508 4 504 14840 8097 6743 74808 56193 18615

Wood/ wood waste

68448 2890 -1006 7 70338 -5563 -1049 -5450 -3706 -2154 -30 -219 -99 52068 18024 5 129 7 1211 5 41 919 10712 3987 92 66 850 34044 31891 634 1512 7 55538 21823 33715 218444 144011 74433

Charcoal

144 -30 114 106 220 38 6 32 183 178 4 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

2962 2962 -751 -1923 -77 -83 -20 -9 -1 -13 84 21 1 20 62 22 39 9143 8550 593 2153 1454 699

1021 1021 -1 -48 -293 -249 -10 -3 -62 -26 329 20 3 1 7 8 12 12 298 30 265 2 2251 158 2093 1680 1256 424

Other biogas

3691 3691 -2570 -57 -109 -204 -15 -2 732 674 562 1 2 68 35 6 7 7 51 5 7 38 8845 7453 1392 2365 1937 428

Biogasoline

1500 546 -235 -3 1808 -24 1784 1784 1784 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

6864 2119 -818 -195 7971 32 8002 8002 8002 -

1577 95 1672 -2 -599 -102 -74 -207 -73 615 503 9 2 2 1 8 444 1 34 94 94 18 8 1 6 4 3355 2115 1240 4194 1710 2484

Total renew. & waste sources

171889 5801 -2089 -193 175405 4 -73732 -7407 -11034 -7690 -3363 -561 -113 -9 -169 -182 71146 21950 72 1198 43 2742 7 46 3 1041 11377 4025 94 66 1232 9899 9899 39298 35052 2310 1620 28 285 771599 714423 57176 409412 286616 122796

Share in total energy sources

16.1% 0.4% 0.3% x 9.6% x x x x x x x x x x x 5.6% 7.1% 0.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 3.5% 30.3% 51.0% 1.0% 0.9% 3.8% 2.9% 3.2% 7.7% 11.2% 1.5% 5.4% 1.9% 1.7% 21.4% 24.2% 8.8% 18.2% 16.9% 22.4%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

96 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

197704 197704 137952 1729 58023 1897 56126

222423 222423 154534 2872 65017 1828 63189

303040 303040 223487 3414 76139 2688 73451

388883 388883 295537 2851 90495 2013 88482

424237 424237 -159 327811 5403 90864 1301 89563

433098 433098 -74 332472 5885 94667 1107 93560

460556 460556 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.5 4.5 x 5.0 x 2.8 -2.9 2.9

7215 7215 6 7209 335 6874

17012 17012 6 17006 1622 15384

28117 28117 24 28093 4079 24014

48540 48540 49 2 48489 5181 43308

55861 55861 126 3 55732 5364 50368

62163 62163 205 3 61955 5388 56567

68537 68537 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.7 12.7 21.7 12.7 16.7 12.4

80089 80089 32839 5222 42028 40136 1892

120182 120182 58837 2103 59242 57211 2031

132682 -29 132653 81160 229 51264 49137 2127

90319 15 -30 90304 32929 258 99 57018 55822 1196

102107 157 1 102265 44155 218 340 57552 56137 1415

92569 278 -101 92746 34861 194 104 57587 56590 997

99464 99464 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.8 x 0.8 0.3 -16.7 x 1.8 1.9 -3.5

97272 97272 1 95700 34 1539 19 1520

121309 121309 -1419 115069 49 4772 16 4756

170878 3 170881 -3400 158138 4 9339 718 8621

250461 3 250464 226377 24087 3019 21068

335238 570 335808 1 288668 47141 23761 23380

346130 -7 346123 299067 47056 25091 21965

351233 351233 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.3 x 7.3 x 6.5 20.9 49.1 16.0

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 97

OECD EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

118361 118361 -1422 112492 49 4398 10 4388

164248 3 164251 -3400 152270 4 8577 542 8035

254583 254583 2 230827 23758 3727 20031

318707 570 319277 1 272714 46564 24149 22415

324268 -6 324262 -1 279318 44943 23650 21293

327690 327690 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.3 x 7.3 x 6.5 24.8 54.9 19.8

1897326 5008 8628 1910962 122022 6 1788934 552507 1 1236426

2123807 14639 762 2139208 -47 211015 3 1928143 610149 1 1317993

2262096 21133 -638 2282591 277787 132 2004672 678560 1326112

2708089 85832 -200 2793721 -1 653056 13 6 2140645 736040 1404605

2791343 78183 -741 2868785 2 692684 57 2176046 773242 1402804

2866316 78896 282 2945494 760941 4154 2180399 754783 1425616

2883033 96676 2979709 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.3 16.6 x 2.4 x 10.7 43.8 x 1.1 1.7 0.8

4044 4044 11 2687 1368 1281 87

15514 15514 -1 14067 1 1445 597 848

59188 59188 54634 64 4490 2733 1757

107426 107426 -1 103491 17 430 3487 713 2774

117333 117333 -103 113103 31 421 3675 918 9 2748

124030 124030 119952 35 544 3499 896 13 2590

128983 128983 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

20.9 20.9 x 23.5 x 5.4 -2.0 20.7

11509 11509 5318 6191 6191

16716 16716 1 9543 7174 2 7172

29623 29623 18510 11113 3214 7899

38868 38868 2 25584 3304 10 9972 995 8977

39219 39219 1 25257 2576 1073 10314 1256 9058

42742 42742 1 25287 2598 1077 13781 822 495 12464

43416 43416 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.6 7.6 x 9.0 x 4.5 4.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

90785 90785 -1 89911 34 839 9 830

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

98 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

OECD EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

14074 14074 6687 7387 7218 169

18083 18083 -1 11798 24 6260 5850 410

9031 9031 -2 5482 4 3543 2937 606

61028 61028 1 56741 44 4244 3316 928

148101 148101 -1 119031 79 28990 27747 1243

154563 154563 2 123811 101 30653 28218 289 2146

211702 211702 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.2 14.2 x 17.6 8.2 7.9 15.2

-

38000 38000 38000 38000

92500 -1500 91000 91000 91000

1287454 81253 -70707 1298000 1298000 1298000

1695084 177951 -39036 1833999 -1999 1832000 1832000

2362358 476554 -5533 2833379 -38379 2795000 2795000

2883837 709200 -19037 3574000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

200177 6000 -177 206000 206000 206000

697081 11522 -603 708000 708000 708000

5350834 -134580 50748 5267002 -6002 5261000 5218000

6862486 614019 -119957 7356548 5452 7362000 7318000

7704979 1481636 -221555 8965060 34940 9000000 9000000

9568840 873505 -2345 10440000 .. .. ..

x x -

7153 7153 7153 6547 606

12844 12844 12844 11757 1087

19666 19666 19666 18001 1665

755426 361755 -197 1116984 -22 1024457 92505 40659 47425 4421

3085492 43693 -189 3128996 2174602 320 954074 874341 69058 10675

2870012 108856 -41 2978827 1870061 7 1108759 971193 116987 20579

3290314 67116 -2455 3354975 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

39.5 x 39.8 x 32.3 17.4 21.6

46 11 57 57 57

68 13 81 81 81

84 52 136 136 28 108

136 78 214 214 21 193

165 140 305 305 20 285

144 155 299 299 51 248

148 164 312 .. .. .. ..

6.5 15.8 9.6 9.6 8.5

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 99

IEA TOTAL

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

100 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA TOTAL Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (18.7%)

Other* (0.3%) Nuclear (10.3%)

Renewables (5.6%)

Oil (40.6%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (95.0%)

Hydro (40.0%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (50.7%)

Biogas (1.2%)

Renew. mun. waste (3.7%)

Other** (9.3%)

Coal (24.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

4,356 Mtoe

245.72 Mtoe

124.69 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.5%)

Gas (24.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (68.0%)

Nuclear (11.6%) Hydro (30.1%)

Biogas (7.4%)

Renewables (7.2%)

Coal (20.2%)

Oil (36.5%)

Other** (13.0%)

Liquid biomass (18.0%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (56.9%)

Renew. mun. waste (6.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

4,989 Mtoe

356.94 Mtoe

203.25 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 101

IEA TOTAL 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

4355.74 245.72

4695.70 272.76

5085.97 288.76

5274.41 322.52

5308.94 336.10

5236.57 353.09

4989.21 356.94

1.0 2.0

Renewables/TPES(%)

5.6

5.8

5.7

6.1

6.3

6.7

7.2

1.0

19563.03

21671.06

25333.59

28864.26

29600.56

29722.45

29044.58

2.4

0.22

0.22

0.20

0.18

0.18

0.18

0.17

-1.3

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

111

108

100

91

89

88

86

-1.3

961.23

996.68

1028.23

1068.75

1075.87

1082.93

1088.07

0.7

4.53

4.71

4.95

4.94

4.93

4.84

4.59

0.4

7439.8

8307.7

9410.2

10199.1

10382.3

10400.7

9960.0

1.9

1276.46

1395.82

1448.83

1570.74

1590.30

1676.78

1706.93

1.5

17.2

16.8

15.4

15.4

15.3

16.1

17.1

-0.3

761.0

852.3

946.4

1018.4

1028.9

999.6

..

1.5

0.01

2.87

4.03

17.08

22.96

30.75

..

60.6

-

58.1

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.7 2.2 3.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

388057

425390

453881

535249

557151

586859

..

2.3

Hydro

364300

397172

409573

423935

427720

430542

..

0.9

48593

82263

84933

91892

94403

94874

..

3.8

3717

4245

4366

3959

3921

4107

..

0.6

..

..

747

5779

7982

13658

..

..

339

333

419

412

479

529

..

2.5

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind

260

260

261

261

261

261

..

0.0

2383

4205

15394

63667

77850

96176

..

22.8

Industrial waste

..

..

1720

656

837

1184

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

6306

9783

9606

9833

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

12754

20897

21834

23138

..

..

Biogas

..

..

2341

5003

6045

6614

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

897

616

817

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

22999

29033

40413

61149

64892

69796

..

6.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

16100

20324

28290

42805

45424

48860

..

6.4

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

102 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA TOTAL 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

1336192

1476861

1549201

1679907

1698664

1780007

1804267

1.6

Hydro

1185123

1329646

1347015

1325964

1298561

1329586

1313657

0.6

43093

58667

68533

75289

73697

68750

65677

2.6

23190

23839

25752

28739

29324

29860

30239

1.4

18

121

724

5202

7026

11760

18790

43.3

663

824

526

551

685

899

920

1.7

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal

597

601

605

550

549

546

524

-0.5

Wind

3844

7342

28534

116884

149475

187639

215381

24.1

Industrial waste

7665

9399

13532

9300

9093

8620

6674

0.7

Municipal waste renew.

9132

13173

18815

26917

28885

29281

28402

6.7

Tide, wave, ocean

8977

12979

18309

24581

25573

25854

24984

6.1

93335

72780

82292

112674

117184

121347

124796

1.5

3648

6157

13097

24871

29040

31172

35596

12.7

-

-

-

3674

3269

3443

4304

-

Electricity only plants

1260600

1420082

1479988

1573062

1604220

1684515

..

1.6

Hydro

1185123

1329646

1347015

1325964

1298561

1329586

..

0.6

43093

58667

68533

75289

73697

68750

..

2.6

23133

23782

25710

28684

29272

29808

..

1.4

18

121

724

5202

7026

11760

..

43.3

Solar thermal

663

824

526

551

685

899

..

1.7

Tide, wave, ocean

597

601

605

550

549

546

..

-0.5

Wind

3844

7342

28534

116884

149475

187639

..

24.1

Industrial waste

3403

4914

5561

2684

2419

2543

..

-1.6

Municipal waste renew.

7621

10829

14821

16613

20372

20383

..

5.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

7641

10806

14561

14563

18100

18178

..

4.9

25568

26458

31796

44173

51941

55248

..

4.4

2989

4759

10135

15261

23941

25802

..

12.7

-

-

-

1933

1879

2123

..

-

75592

56779

69213

106845

94444

95492

..

1.3 -0.5

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

57

57

42

55

52

52

..

Industrial waste

4262

4485

7971

6616

6674

6077

..

2.0

Municipal waste renew.

1511

2344

3994

10304

8513

8898

..

10.4 10.2

Geothermal

1336

2173

3748

10018

7473

7676

..

67767

46322

50496

68501

65243

66099

..

-0.1

659

1398

2962

9610

5099

5370

..

12.4

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

1741 1390 1320 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 103

IEA TOTAL (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

209969

269962

429785

438453

464642

472957

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1813

1822

2108

2198

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

57

..

Industrial waste

..

8595

14289

9977

9058

9529

10013

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

51625

63562

84179

93249

102592

103357

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

48894

60548

81500

80234

85737

86310

..

Solid biomass

..

94841

120698

234394

234492

247224

250315

..

Biogas

..

5612

10134

13615

14321

13201

13064

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

4258

5225

4194

7643

-

CHP plants

..

137788

177877

308236

307406

327590

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

4611

6191

9200

8024

8287

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

38174

47018

66193

68273

75391

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

36675

44980

64168

58345

63283

..

..

Solid biomass

..

56864

75796

159809

164287

172791

..

..

Biogas

..

1464

3892

5827

6139

6128

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3039

2338

1710

..

-

Heat only plants

..

72181

92085

121549

131047

137052

..

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1813

1822

2108

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3984

8098

777

1034

1242

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

13451

16544

17986

24976

27201

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

12219

15568

17332

21889

22454

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

74585

70205

74433

..

..

Biogas

..

4148

6242

7788

8182

7073

..

..

1219 2887 2484 Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

16550

19041

25244

26053

24980

24243

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21748

17697

17851

18373

17898

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6547

5184

5285

5312

5324

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

12731

13487

11919

11669

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

104 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

108432 108432 -103601 -4831 1260836 1260836 -

Wind

16137 16137 -15187 -950 187639 187639 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

47 47 -47 546 546 -

Solar PV

1011 1011 -657 -354 11760 11760 -

Geothermal

21284 21284 -17488 -169 -30 -93 -3 3501 280 1 139 140 3221 2134 744 127 2 215 29860 29808 52 2108 2108

Solar thermal

3750 3750 -196 -4 -1 3549 129 1 1 127 3421 3226 124 14 57 898 898 57 57

Industrial waste

6815 7 6822 -380 -337 -338 -1039 -17 -17 -5 -2 4686 4641 179 753 31 1997 12 27 905 39 1 5 690 46 46 8620 2543 6077 9529 8287 1242

Mun. waste renew.

13453 13453 -4914 -1899 -2411 -1705 -507 -413 1604 662 52 3 410 1 1 72 1 121 942 7 935 29281 20383 8898 102592 75391 27201

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 105

IEA TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

11969 11969 -4391 -1686 -2067 -1552 -441 -346 1487 614 52 3 414 1 1 58 85 873 4 868 25854 18178 7676 85737 63283 22454

Wood/ wood waste

141342 2916 -1006 7 143258 -9820 -5314 -6733 -8686 -2154 -30 -249 -99 110174 59698 5 243 64 1214 5 41 3469 43334 10104 92 66 1061 50476 46168 2432 1869 7 121347 55248 66099 247224 172791 74433

Charcoal

144 -30 114 118 232 38 6 32 195 190 4 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

8080 8080 -3209 -2112 -275 -122 -27 -3 -9 -2 -13 2307 2236 4 2 1 1 2228 72 22 49 1 19279 17913 1366 3220 2159 1061

1102 1102 -1 -66 -293 -267 -10 -3 -62 -26 376 20 3 1 7 8 12 12 344 30 311 2 2373 218 2155 1680 1256 424

Other biogas

4030 4030 -2624 -64 -136 -288 -143 -2 773 687 562 1 2 77 39 6 7 7 79 5 35 38 9520 7671 1849 8301 2713 5588

Biogasoline

19819 1846 -243 -300 21121 -24 21098 21098 21098 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

9582 3147 -3025 -195 9509 32 9540 9540 9540 -

1662 95 1757 -2 -600 -103 -74 -220 -73 686 574 10 2 2 1 8 513 1 34 94 94 18 8 1 6 4 3443 2123 1320 4194 1710 2484

Total renew. & waste sources

368515 8155 -4304 -488 371876 6 -163115 -17889 -12327 -13909 -3466 -815 -131 -9 -170 -41 160013 69579 188 1681 101 4040 8 57 3 3623 45061 10145 94 71 4500 30751 30751 59687 51794 5549 2055 2 285 1711256 1615764 95492 464642 327590 137052

Share in total energy sources

10.2% 0.3% 0.3% x 7.1% x x x x x x x x x x x 4.5% 8.5% 0.2% 1.0% 0.2% 4.6% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 5.0% 37.7% 44.3% 0.6% 0.5% 6.0% 2.7% 3.1% 4.7% 7.5% 1.2% 3.7% 0.1% 0.9% 16.5% 17.3% 9.3% 15.3% 13.4% 23.3%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

106 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

876792 876792 813013 3 63776 9180 54596

919991 919991 835856 9 84126 10930 73196

985363 985363 891701 27 93635 10407 83228

847032 847032 720131 4 126897 10937 115960

866612 866612 732565 3 134044 11341 122703

891309 891309 -1 744679 9 146620 11729 134891

930076 930076 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.1 0.1 x -0.5 x 4.7 1.4 5.2

62316 62316 1 2393 59924 335 59589

66347 66347 2973 63374 1622 61752

132974 132974 5593 127381 4079 123302

133900 133900 -1 5208 2 128689 5192 123497

146431 146431 6356 3 140072 5380 134692

157050 157050 8411 3 148636 5397 143239

166307 166307 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.3 5.3 x 7.2 5.2 16.7 5.0

181883 181883 -72 113640 5222 62949 60892 2057

293108 293108 -502 184150 2103 106353 103942 2411

362134 -27 362107 -174 151553 229 210151 207148 3003

297268 15 -52 297231 -1 89355 258 99 207518 205509 2009

325398 157 -229 325326 94343 218 340 230425 227976 2449

285394 278 15 285687 -3 89142 194 104 196244 194335 1909

252620 252620 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.5 x 2.5 x -1.3 -16.7 x 6.5 6.7 -0.4

273071 273071 -1420 266376 49 5226 16 5210

370618 3 370621 -3399 312742 4 54476 24568 29908

465868 3 465871 419517 46354 7277 39077

546730 570 547300 1 482503 64798 27536 37262

563358 -7 563351 -1 496176 67174 27714 39460

565365 565365 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.1 x 6.1 x 5.4 22.7 49.9 19.2

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

195090 195090 1 193358 34 1699 19 1680

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 107

IEA TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

268377 268377 -1421 262206 49 4701 10 4691

360968 3 360971 -3400 304641 4 52926 24392 28534

427728 427728 2 387111 40619 7072 33547

489407 570 489977 2 429898 60081 27115 32966

501233 -6 501227 -1 438972 62254 25711 36543

502206 502206 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.6 x 5.6 x 4.9 26.2 55.6 22.6

4946823 5980 8628 4961431 2023 1650521 6 3312927 1344411 1 1968515

5317777 15192 762 5333731 1976 1665339 3 3670365 1547206 1 2123158

5465239 22286 -638 5486887 683 967811 132 4519627 2516917 2002710

5847437 86995 -200 5934232 -1 1273187 13 6 4661025 2638768 2022257

5899288 79388 -741 5977935 3 1326267 57 4651614 2581778 2069836

5918829 79985 282 5999096 2 1381292 4154 4613652 2499904 2113748

5682213 96676 5778889 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.0 15.5 x 1.1 x -1.0 43.8 x 1.9 3.5 0.4

36024 36024 -575 34081 1368 1281 87

60827 60827 -1111 58270 1 1445 597 848

190352 190352 151 126491 64 63948 59768 4180

287704 287704 -2 202477 17 430 84778 81219 3559

315022 315022 -92 216946 81 421 97482 93995 3487

338343 338343 15 241108 83 544 96623 93625 2998

359884 359884 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.3 13.3 x 11.5 x 26.7 26.9 21.7

12065 12065 1360 6954 6471 6471

18543 18543 753 11531 7765 2 7763

31480 31480 62 19720 11822 3214 8608

43516 43516 2 27166 3304 10 13038 995 12043

43971 43971 -9 26760 2576 1073 13553 1256 12297

46168 46168 -14 26751 2598 1077 15728 822 495 14411

46396 46396 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.7 7.7 x 7.8 x 5.1 4.5

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

187385 187385 -1 186404 34 946 9 937

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

108 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

16416 16416 8528 7888 7719 169

22935 22935 -1 15837 24 7073 6663 410

21808 21808 -2 16252 4 5550 4122 1428

79247 79247 1 72010 44 7194 4363 2831

164385 164385 -1 132392 79 31913 28411 3502

168756 168756 2 136278 101 32379 28783 289 3307

224835 224835 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.8 13.8 x 16.6 8.2 7.6 18.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4101000 49000 26000 4176000 8000 4184000 4184000

4734500 79000 77500 4891000 365000 5256000 5256000

16196550 2286150 -473701 18008999 1 18009000 18009000

21961524 1881608 -262133 23580999 -1999 23579000 23579000

31035801 2498371 -470793 33063379 -38379 33025000 33025000

36179733 1468287 -332020 37316000 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

200177 6000 -177 206000 206000 206000

717748 11522 -270 729000 729000 729000

6253138 -131311 46175 6168002 -6002 6162000 6119000

8655306 175804 -122562 8708548 5452 8714000 8670000

10500379 274579 -220898 10554060 34940 10589000 10589000

11689602 245749 -73351 11862000 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12844 12844 12844 11757 1087

19666 19666 19666 18001 1665

1185945 361755 -197 1547503 -22 1058321 489160 437314 47425 4421

3263307 43693 -189 3306811 2199602 320 1106889 1027156 69058 10675

3035434 108856 -41 3144249 1897569 7 1246673 1109107 116987 20579

3495797 67116 -2455 3560458 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

81 11 92 92 92

99 13 112 112 112

109 52 161 161 28 133

153 78 231 231 21 210

182 140 322 322 20 302

161 155 316 316 51 265

164 164 328 .. .. .. ..

3.9 15.8 7.1 7.1 6.1

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 109

IEA NORTH AMERICA

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

110 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA NORTH AMERICA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (23.2%)

Other* (0.2%) Nuclear (8.4%)

Renewables (6.1%)

Oil (39.2%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (95.7%)

Hydro (37.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (51.2%)

Biogas (1.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (3.2%)

Other** (11.1%)

Coal (22.8%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2,124 Mtoe

129.89 Mtoe

66.45 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.2%)

Gas (25.7%)

Nuclear (9.9%)

Biogas (6.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (63.8%)

Hydro (34.4%)

Renewables (6.6%)

Liquid biomass (25.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (54.9%) Oil (36.7%)

Coal (20.9%)

Renew. mun. waste (4.6%)

Other** (10.7%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

2,422 Mtoe

160.55 Mtoe

88.15 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 111

IEA NORTH AMERICA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

2123.68 129.89

2298.13 143.58

2524.77 144.39

2565.26 151.99

2608.65 153.18

2550.49 162.03

2422.15 160.55

1.0 1.2

Renewables/TPES(%)

6.1

6.2

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.4

6.6

0.2

7607.63

8594.01

10623.71

12293.94

12559.98

12612.67

12449.83

2.8

0.28

0.27

0.24

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.19

-1.8 -1.8

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

117

113

100

88

87

85

82

277.87

295.89

313.10

331.40

334.67

337.86

341.06

1.1

7.64

7.77

8.06

7.74

7.79

7.55

7.10

-0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

3684.9

4118.4

4631.5

4890.9

4965.9

4995.0

4783.7

1.7

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

669.93

725.97

697.36

761.77

743.99

786.34

801.25

0.9

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

18.2

17.6

15.1

15.6

15.0

15.7

16.7

-0.8

424.4

470.7

530.0

576.7

581.9

562.5

..

1.6

-

2.65

3.32

11.45

15.02

20.59

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.6 3.7 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

168430

181241

183781

200555

208014

218794

..

1.5

Hydro

151741

164810

166288

172120

173229

174402

..

0.8

186

21564

19699

21638

22063

22035

..

30.4

2669

2968

2793

2274

2214

2256

..

-0.9

..

..

183

718

1000

1528

..

..

339

333

419

401

465

465

..

1.8

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal

20

20

20

20

20

20

..

-

1912

1753

2469

12789

18285

27020

..

15.9

Industrial waste

..

..

638

456

366

527

..

..

Municipal waste

..

..

2631

2223

2254

2250

..

..

Solid biomass

..

..

7356

8175

8479

8544

..

..

Biogas

..

..

984

1312

1627

1700

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

67

75

82

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

18530

21215

19395

18076

18726

19322

..

0.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

12971

14851

13577

12653

13108

13525

..

0.2

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

112 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA NORTH AMERICA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

695909

761529

739837

800972

782612

824467

833914

0.9

Hydro

585808

673890

638606

673144

646350

664575

664610

0.7

15919

23851

26893

25931

26037

25392

23245

2.6

16012

14941

14621

16581

16798

17014

16524

0.3

3

8

199

758

1026

1605

1605

41.8

663

824

526

550

673

879

878

1.6

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal

26

33

32

31

30

33

33

1.3

Wind

3066

3255

5914

29176

37627

59515

74937

17.9

Industrial waste

4710

4268

7170

5605

5006

5203

1923

0.6

Municipal waste renew.

5382

7485

8463

9792

9680

9615

9562

3.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

5348

7441

8417

7668

7581

7529

7496

1.9

72374

46052

49951

49714

49518

49147

47332

-2.1

2517

3332

5938

7789

8239

9264

8921

7.5

-

-

-

164

84

88

93

-

Electricity only plants

633905

724332

697872

761443

743234

786264

..

1.2

Hydro

585808

673890

638606

673144

646350

664575

..

0.7

15919

23851

26893

25931

26037

25392

..

2.6

16012

14941

14621

16581

16798

17014

..

0.3

3

8

199

758

1026

1605

..

41.8

663

824

526

550

673

879

..

1.6

26

33

32

31

30

33

..

1.3

3066

3255

5914

29176

37627

59515

..

17.9

749

440

923

1427

1116

1288

..

3.1

Municipal waste renew.

4846

6739

7286

8691

8536

8487

..

3.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

4847

6729

7275

6822

6701

6662

..

1.8

15368

14352

17877

17422

17163

18065

..

0.9

2517

3121

4613

6834

7200

8133

..

6.7

-

-

-

7

14

8

..

-

62004

37197

41965

39529

39378

38203

..

-2.7

Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3961

3828

6247

4178

3890

3915

..

-0.1

Municipal waste renew.

536

746

1177

1101

1144

1128

..

4.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

501

712

1142

846

880

867

..

3.1

57006

31700

32074

32292

32355

31082

..

-3.3

-

211

1325

955

1039

1131

..

-

Geothermal Industrial waste

Solid biomass Biogas

157 70 80 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 113

IEA NORTH AMERICA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

30553

29132

44777

49532

46404

51105

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

3899

3525

3751

3734

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4944

8935

6816

7170

7546

7558

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

4340

8330

5064

5342

5637

5599

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

27903

32164

28358

32065

..

Biogas

..

-

2191

1095

1331

1112

2149

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

..

29172

27751

43627

48382

45254

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

1993

187

3899

3525

3751

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

4046

8037

6068

6422

6798

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

3857

7847

4662

4940

5235

..

..

Solid biomass

..

19276

9489

27903

32164

28358

..

..

Biogas

..

-

2191

1095

1331

1112

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

..

1381

1381

1150

1150

1150

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

898

898

748

748

748

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

483

483

402

402

402

..

..

Solid biomass

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Biogas

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

114 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA NORTH AMERICA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

54970 54970 -51931 -3039 639183 639183 -

Wind

5118 5118 -5118 59515 59515 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

3 3 -3 33 33 -

Solar PV

138 138 -9 -129 1605 1605 -

Geothermal

9081 9081 -7917 1164 126 126 1038 665 373 17014 17014 -

Solar thermal

1565 1565 -196 1369 1369 1369 878 878 -

Industrial waste

2514 2514 -214 -140 -166 -682 1311 1310 135 566 10 595 3 2 2 5203 1288 3915 3751 3751 -

Mun. waste renew.

4125 4125 -3003 -285 -361 -87 -35 354 63 63 291 291 9615 8487 1128 7546 6798 748

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 115

IEA NORTH AMERICA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

3223 3223 -2359 -219 -284 -63 -19 278 49 49 229 229 7529 6662 867 5637 5235 402

Wood/ wood waste

61485 61485 -3495 -2002 -1283 -4090 50615 35885 92 4 509 29960 5146 174 14730 12624 1749 357 49147 18065 31082 28358 28358 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

4650 4650 -2048 -178 -178 -20 -1 2224 2214 4 1 1 1 2208 10 9 8535 7861 674 336 336 -

17 17 -17 58 58 -

Other biogas

206 206 -53 -6 -27 -83 36 9 5 4 28 28 671 214 457 776 776 -

Biogasoline

18244 1301 -8 -297 19239 19239 19239 19239 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

2528 1027 -2208 1348 1348 1348 1348 -

85 85 -1 -1 -12 71 71 2 70 88 8 80 -

Total renew. & waste sources

167952 2328 -2216 -297 167767 -76347 -6016 -2299 -5037 -54 -1 78009 39727 4 229 571 1 524 30630 5149 2620 20587 20587 17697 14658 2681 357 799074 760871 38203 46404 45254 1150

Share in total energy sources

8.0% 0.3% 0.6% x 6.6% x x x x x x 4.5% 11.4% 0.0% 0.3% 2.0% 0.0% 1.6% 44.0% 37.6% 10.6% 3.1% 3.7% 3.1% 4.9% 1.1% 1.8% 16.0% 16.3% 11.8% 8.2% 8.0% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

116 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA NORTH AMERICA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

590501 590501 576432 14069 14069

554876 554876 537876 17000 17000

548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093

361754 361754 323033 38721 4642 34079

367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404

380276 380276 331533 48743 5275 43468

378637 378637 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.4 -2.4 -3.0 7.1 6.5

2387 2387 2387 -

2967 2967 2967 -

65871 65871 5569 60302 60302

58699 58699 5157 53542 53542

61691 61691 6216 55475 55475

65519 65519 8193 57326 57326

67610 67610 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

20.2 20.2 7.1 -

82284 82284 80721 1563 1563 -

132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 -

175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655

131285 131285 52643 78642 78231 411

141646 141646 46643 95003 94377 626

105267 105267 50347 54920 54839 81

65494 65494 .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.4 1.4 -2.6 21.9 21.9 -

89439 89439 89439 -

138350 138350 138350 -

174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925

172697 172697 155756 16941 4258 12683

167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369

172742 172742 157917 14825 2623 12202

169027 169027 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.7 3.7 3.2 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 117

IEA NORTH AMERICA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

136858 136858 136858 -

173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925

134932 134932 121622 13310 3345 9965

130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576

134968 134968 123320 11648 2061 9587

131827 131827 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.4 2.4 1.9 -

2662475 2662475 1412457 1250018 615830 634188

2809406 2809406 1334085 1475321 760093 715228

2771449 2771449 573085 2198364 1614229 584135

2666861 2666861 459269 2207592 1661714 545878

2620555 2620555 1 467162 2153394 1559520 593874

2574735 2574735 455182 2119553 1502706 616847

2354858 2354858 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-0.2 -0.2 x -6.1 3.0 5.1 -0.2

30674 30674 30674 -

42788 42788 42788 -

124617 124617 65159 59458 57035 2423

164703 164703 83755 80948 80398 550

179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739

194711 194711 101526 48 93137 92729 408

210481 210481 .. .. .. .. .. ..

10.8 10.8 6.9 -

276 276 276 -

516 516 516 -

696 696 696 -

696 696 696 -

696 696 696 -

696 696 696 -

626 626 .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.3 5.3 5.3 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

88273 88273 88273 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

118 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA NORTH AMERICA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822

11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771

10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137

8606 8606 7082 1524 363 1161

8877 8877 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4063000 49000 26000 4138000 8000 4146000 4146000

4642000 79000 79000 4800000 365000 5165000 5165000

14849854 2204897 -402752 16651999 1 16652000 16652000

20200879 1703657 -223536 21681000 21681000 21681000

28556443 2021817 -465260 30113000 30113000 30113000

33128042 759087 -313129 33574000 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

20667 333 21000 21000 21000

834800 269 -69 835000 835000 835000

1632750 -438215 465 1195000 1195000 1195000

2585577 -1206723 146 1379000 1379000 1379000

1798515 -627422 -71093 1100000 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -

177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -

165422 165422 27508 137914 137914 -

205483 205483 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 119

IEA EUROPE

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

120 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA EUROPE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (16.1%)

Other* (0.6%)

Nuclear (12.7%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (93.8%)

Hydro (41.8%)

Renewables (5.6%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (53.8%)

Biogas (1.5%)

Renew. mun. waste (4.8%)

Oil (37.5%)

Other** (4.4%)

Coal (27.4%) (1)

TPES

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

90.42 Mtoe

48.68 Mtoe

1,601 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.9%) Gas (25.4%)

Nuclear (13.3%)

Renewables (9.7%)

Coal (16.1%)

Oil (34.6%)

Biogas (9.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (69.6%)

Hydro (25.5%)

Other** (13.0%)

Liquid biomass (13.2%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (61.6%)

Renew. mun. waste (8.2%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

1,715 Mtoe

166.27 Mtoe

102.36 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 121

IEA EUROPE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

1600.74 90.42

1649.25 102.74

1731.79 115.79

1836.85 140.13

1821.68 152.96

1816.25 161.09

1715.38 166.27

0.7 3.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

5.6

6.2

6.7

7.6

8.4

8.9

9.7

2.5

7216.40

7824.82

9056.75

10238.49

10531.56

10610.04

10318.91

2.2

0.22

0.21

0.19

0.18

0.17

0.17

0.17

-1.4

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

116

110

100

94

90

90

87

-1.4

496.22

508.22

518.05

536.24

539.55

542.96

545.10

0.5

3.23

3.25

3.34

3.43

3.38

3.35

3.15

0.2

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

2627.5

2839.1

3192.1

3520.6

3570.4

3585.9

3403.8

1.7

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

458.79

523.44

597.88

644.30

693.19

737.37

753.67

2.7

17.5

18.4

18.7

18.3

19.4

20.6

22.1

0.9

241.3

263.0

290.2

313.2

319.3

313.2

..

1.5

0.01

0.22

0.71

5.53

7.75

9.90

..

50.8

-

48.6

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.8 2.4 3.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

165543

181770

202851

258919

272757

290131

..

3.2

Hydro

159449

171990

179418

184343

187023

188617

..

0.9

29462

35874

37839

39705

41461

41960

..

2.0

517

498

622

720

724

734

..

2.0

12

62

201

3246

4900

9524

..

44.9

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

11

11

61

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

240

240

241

241

241

241

..

0.0

Wind

471

2449

12765

47907

56273

64889

..

31.5

Industrial waste

420

682

1082

196

464

651

..

2.5

Municipal waste

1142

1662

2342

6020

5813

6045

..

9.7

Solid biomass

3029

3669

4936

12091

12745

14062

..

8.9

263

518

1244

3314

4022

4572

..

17.2

Solar thermal

Biogas

-

-

-

830

541

735

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

4469

7818

19761

34083

37395

41667

..

13.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

3129

5473

13833

23859

26176

29170

..

13.2

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

122 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA EUROPE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

484380

555351

641787

698433

747114

788794

806264

2.7

Hydro

459056

515291

564829

510661

524779

541784

524968

0.9

19912

22646

30116

37463

35786

33661

32876

3.0

3306

3564

4861

5709

5928

5894

6006

3.3

13

46

129

2514

3792

7463

13787

42.3

-

-

-

-

8

16

38

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

571

568

573

519

519

513

491

-0.6

Wind

778

4078

22316

82924

105308

120067

131059

32.3

Industrial waste

2955

5131

6265

3234

3651

2928

4282

-0.1

Municipal waste renew.

2847

4287

7978

13625

15674

16157

16762

10.1

2725

4136

7524

13439

14491

14840

15431

9.9

11138

15663

20722

46484

50454

55538

64072

9.3

991

2587

6590

15814

19325

20239

25157

18.2

-

-

-

3510

3185

3355

4211

-

Electricity only plants

472072

537032

616262

632723

693768

733177

..

2.5

Hydro

459056

515291

564829

510661

524779

541784

..

0.9

19912

22646

30116

37463

35786

33661

..

3.0

3306

3564

4861

5709

5928

5894

..

3.3

13

46

129

2514

3792

7463

..

42.3

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

8

16

..

-

571

568

573

519

519

513

..

-0.6

778

4078

22316

82924

105308

120067

..

32.3

Industrial waste

2654

4474

4541

796

867

766

..

-6.7

Municipal waste renew.

1872

2689

5183

4504

8418

8478

..

8.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

1890

2675

4932

4322

7980

8097

..

8.4

Solid biomass

1487

2071

3463

11530

18852

21823

..

16.1

445

1576

5435

7318

15452

16161

..

22.1

-

-

-

1926

1865

2115

..

-

12308

18319

25525

65710

53346

55617

..

8.7

Wind

Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

301

657

1724

2438

2784

2162

..

11.6

Municipal waste renew.

975

1598

2795

9121

7256

7679

..

12.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

835

1461

2592

9117

6511

6743

..

12.3

9651

13592

17259

34954

31602

33715

..

7.2

546

1011

1155

8496

3873

4078

..

11.8

Geothermal

Solid biomass Biogas

1584 1320 1240 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 123

IEA EUROPE (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

175231

232065

370435

372571

399183

406290

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1813

1822

2108

2198

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

57

..

Industrial waste

..

6501

13949

5985

5461

5710

6204

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

46370

52615

72315

80282

87681

89522

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

44346

50877

73071

70713

74791

76526

..

Solid biomass

..

75565

111209

206491

202328

218444

217828

..

Biogas

..

2047

2684

6453

6688

6198

6312

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

4258

5225

4194

7643

-

CHP plants

..

108616

150126

263014

255662

277116

..

..

Geothermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Solar thermal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Industrial waste

..

2618

6004

5301

4499

4536

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

34128

38981

59168

60262

66019

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

32818

37133

58868

52259

56193

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37588

66307

131906

132123

144011

..

..

Biogas

..

1464

1701

4732

4181

4647

..

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3039

2338

1710

..

-

Heat only plants

..

66615

81939

107421

116909

122067

..

..

Geothermal

..

396

707

1813

1822

2108

..

..

Solar thermal

..

6

24

49

52

57

..

..

Industrial waste

..

3883

7945

684

962

1174

..

..

Municipal waste renew.

..

12242

13634

13147

20020

21662

..

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

..

11528

13744

14203

18454

18598

..

..

Solid biomass

..

37977

44902

74585

70205

74433

..

..

Biogas

..

583

983

1721

2507

1551

..

..

1219 2887 2484 Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

..

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

16550

19041

25244

26053

24980

24243

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

20133

21748

17697

17851

18373

17898

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6697

6547

5184

5285

5312

5324

-

Waste heat (2)

-

3114

3840

12731

13487

11919

11669

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

124 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

Wind

43699 43699 -42543 -1156 508123 508123 -

10326 10326 -9606 -720 120067 120067 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

44 44 -44 513 513 -

Solar PV

642 642 -626 -16 7463 7463 -

Geothermal

7060 7060 -5077 -93 -3 1887 15 1 14 1871 1467 149 40 2 215 5894 5894 2108 2108

Solar thermal

1484 1484 -4 -1 1479 129 1 1 126 1351 1183 97 14 57 16 16 57 57

Industrial waste

2211 7 -2 2215 -166 -104 -172 -358 -15 -17 -5 -2 1375 1351 67 385 30 703 1 4 56 36 1 68 24 24 2928 766 2162 5710 4536 1174

Mun. waste renew.

8264 8264 -1644 -1188 -2049 -1488 -507 -263 1124 599 52 3 410 1 1 72 1 59 525 7 518 16157 8478 7679 87681 66019 21662

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 125

IEA EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

7742 7742 -1764 -1040 -1783 -1395 -441 -245 1073 565 52 3 414 1 1 58 36 508 4 504 14840 8097 6743 74791 56193 18598

Wood/ wood waste

68448 2890 -1006 7 70338 -5563 -1049 -5450 -3706 -2154 -30 -219 -99 52068 18024 5 129 7 1211 5 41 919 10712 3987 92 66 850 34044 31891 634 1512 7 55538 21823 33715 218444 144011 74433

Charcoal

144 -30 114 106 220 38 6 32 183 178 4 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

2961 2961 -751 -1923 -77 -83 -20 -9 -1 -13 83 21 1 20 62 22 39 9143 8550 593 2153 1454 699

1021 1021 -1 -48 -293 -249 -10 -3 -62 -26 329 20 3 1 7 8 12 12 298 30 265 2 2251 158 2093 1680 1256 424

Other biogas

3691 3691 -2570 -57 -109 -204 -15 -2 732 674 562 1 2 68 35 6 7 7 51 5 7 38 8845 7453 1392 2365 1937 428

Biogasoline

1500 546 -235 -3 1808 -24 1784 1784 1784 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

6864 2119 -818 -195 7971 32 8002 8002 8002 -

1577 95 1672 -2 -599 -102 -74 -207 -73 615 503 9 2 2 1 8 444 1 34 94 94 18 8 1 6 4 3355 2115 1240 4194 1710 2484

Total renew. & waste sources

167534 5801 -2089 -193 171052 6 -70954 -7407 -10007 -7690 -3329 -561 -113 -9 -169 -41 70771 21939 72 1198 43 2742 7 46 3 1041 11377 4025 94 66 1221 9899 9899 38935 34795 2242 1610 2 285 755133 699516 55617 399183 277116 122067

Share in total energy sources

15.8% 0.4% 0.3% x 9.4% x x x x x x x x x x x 5.5% 7.1% 0.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 3.5% 30.3% 51.0% 1.1% 0.9% 3.7% 2.9% 3.2% 7.6% 11.1% 1.5% 5.4% 0.2% 1.7% 21.1% 23.8% 8.5% 17.8% 16.4% 22.3%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

126 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

154211 154211 119188 3 35020 35020

173783 173783 128885 9 44889 44889

229440 229440 176215 27 53198 273 52925

278783 278783 209212 4 69567 513 69054

289237 289237 217337 3 71897 543 71354

295645 295645 216632 9 79004 635 78369

312019 312019 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.7 3.7 3.4 x 4.6 4.6

7215 7215 6 7209 335 6874

17012 17012 6 17006 1622 15384

28117 28117 24 28093 4079 24014

48540 48540 49 2 48489 5181 43308

55861 55861 126 3 55732 5364 50368

62163 62163 205 3 61955 5388 56567

68537 68537 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.7 12.7 21.7 12.7 16.7 12.4

80089 80089 32839 5222 42028 40136 1892

120182 120182 58837 2103 59242 57211 2031

132682 -29 132653 81160 229 51264 49137 2127

90319 15 -30 90304 32929 258 99 57018 55822 1196

102107 157 1 102265 44155 218 340 57552 56137 1415

92569 278 -101 92746 34861 194 104 57587 56590 997

99464 99464 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.8 x 0.8 0.3 -16.7 x 1.8 1.9 -3.5

97272 97272 1 95700 34 1539 19 1520

121286 121286 -1419 115046 49 4772 16 4756

170850 3 170853 -3400 158110 4 9339 718 8621

250412 3 250415 226328 24087 3019 21068

335112 570 335682 1 288542 47141 23761 23380

346053 -7 346046 298990 47056 25091 21965

351156 351156 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.3 x 7.3 x 6.5 20.9 49.1 16.0

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 127

IEA EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

118339 118339 -1422 112470 49 4398 10 4388

164220 3 164223 -3400 152242 4 8577 542 8035

254548 254548 2 230792 23758 3727 20031

318581 570 319151 1 272588 46564 24149 22415

324191 -6 324185 -1 279241 44943 23650 21293

327613 327613 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.3 x 7.3 x 6.5 24.8 54.9 19.8

1897326 5008 8628 1910962 122022 6 1788934 552507 1 1236426

2123807 14639 762 2139208 -47 211015 3 1928143 610149 1 1317993

2262096 21133 -638 2282591 277787 132 2004672 678560 1326112

2708089 85832 -200 2793721 -1 653056 13 6 2140645 736040 1404605

2791343 78183 -741 2868785 2 692684 57 2176046 773242 1402804

2866316 78896 282 2945494 760941 4154 2180399 754783 1425616

2883033 96676 2979709 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.3 16.6 x 2.4 x 10.7 43.8 x 1.1 1.7 0.8

4044 4044 11 2687 1368 1281 87

15514 15514 -1 14067 1 1445 597 848

59188 59188 54634 64 4490 2733 1757

107414 107414 -1 103479 17 430 3487 713 2774

117322 117322 -103 113101 31 421 3666 918 2748

124015 124015 119950 35 544 3486 896 2590

128968 128968 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

20.9 20.9 x 23.5 x 5.3 -2.0 20.7

11509 11509 5318 6191 6191

16716 16716 1 9543 7174 2 7172

29623 29623 18510 11113 3214 7899

38868 38868 2 25584 3304 10 9972 995 8977

39219 39219 1 25257 2576 1073 10314 1256 9058

42742 42742 1 25287 2598 1077 13781 822 495 12464

43416 43416 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.6 7.6 x 9.0 x 4.5 4.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

90785 90785 -1 89911 34 839 9 830

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

128 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IEA EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

14074 14074 6687 7387 7218 169

18083 18083 -1 11798 24 6260 5850 410

9031 9031 -2 5482 4 3543 2937 606

61028 61028 1 56741 44 4244 3316 928

148101 148101 -1 119031 79 28990 27747 1243

154563 154563 2 123811 101 30653 28218 289 2146

211702 211702 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.2 14.2 x 17.6 8.2 7.9 15.2

-

38000 38000 38000 38000

92500 -1500 91000 91000 91000

1287454 81253 -70707 1298000 1298000 1298000

1695084 177951 -39036 1833999 -1999 1832000 1832000

2362358 476554 -5533 2833379 -38379 2795000 2795000

2883837 709200 -19037 3574000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

200177 6000 -177 206000 206000 206000

697081 11522 -603 708000 708000 708000

5350834 -134580 50748 5267002 -6002 5261000 5218000

6862486 614019 -119957 7356548 5452 7362000 7318000

7704979 1481302 -221221 8965060 34940 9000000 9000000

9568840 873171 -2011 10440000 .. .. ..

x x -

7153 7153 7153 6547 606

12844 12844 12844 11757 1087

19666 19666 19666 18001 1665

755426 361755 -197 1116984 -22 1024457 92505 40659 47425 4421

3085492 43693 -189 3128996 2174602 320 954074 874341 69058 10675

2870012 108856 -41 2978827 1870061 7 1108759 971193 116987 20579

3290314 67116 -2455 3354975 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

39.5 x 39.8 x 32.3 17.4 21.6

46 11 57 57 57

68 13 81 81 81

84 52 136 136 28 108

136 78 214 214 21 193

165 140 305 305 20 285

144 155 299 299 51 248

148 164 312 .. .. .. ..

6.5 15.8 9.6 9.6 8.5

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 129

AUSTRALIA

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

130 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRALIA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (17.1%)

Oil (36.2%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (100.0%)

Hydro (24.0%)

Other* (0.2%) Renewables (5.9%)

Renewable combustibles/was te (74.4%) Other** (1.6%) Coal (40.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5.07 Mtoe

3.78 Mtoe

86 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (21.6%) Oil (30.8%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (90.5%)

Hydro (14.8%)

Other* (0.1%) Renewables (5.1%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (77.2%)

Other** (8.0%)

Coal (42.5%)

TPES(1) 131 Mtoe

Biogas (6.1%) Liquid biomass (3.3%)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

6.71 Mtoe

5.18 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 25

TWh

20 15 10 5 0 8 1 7 0 6 9 5 4 3 2 8 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 3 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 131

AUSTRALIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

86.23 5.07

92.56 5.53

108.11 6.35

122.33 6.65

124.46 6.85

130.11 6.92

131.16 6.71

2.3 1.7

Renewables/TPES(%)

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.4

5.5

5.3

5.1

-0.6

281.43

330.13

399.61

486.94

504.86

516.41

531.51

3.4

0.31

0.28

0.27

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

-1.1

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

113

104

100

93

91

93

91

-1.1

17.17

18.19

19.27

20.82

21.15

21.51

21.63

1.3

5.02

5.09

5.61

5.87

5.88

6.05

6.06

1.0

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

154.3

172.8

209.9

247.0

250.8

257.1

246.2

2.9

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

14.90

16.63

17.60

19.49

19.03

18.21

17.60

1.1

9.7

9.6

8.4

7.9

7.6

7.1

7.1

-1.7

18.7

19.9

22.3

23.6

23.5

23.4

..

1.2

-

-

-

0.06

0.10

0.12

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.2 0.4 0.5 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08 1.8

Total capacity

8653 e

8967

9685

10979

11459

11969

..

Hydro

8321

8564

9201

9285

9317

9304

..

0.6

940

940

1490

1490

1490

1490

..

2.6

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

13

29

70

82

105

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

3

3

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

2

33

819

1249

1885

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

332 e

381 e

332

535

535

454

..

1.8

Biogas

-

7 e

90

270

273

218

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

10

11

14

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

7

8

10

..

-

Solid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

132 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRALIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

15630

16988 e

17956

19815

19266

18362

17663

90-08 0.9

Hydro

14880

16239

16720

16029

14517

12057

11625

-1.2 -8.5

732

354

360

328

238

148

67

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

19

44

105

123

156

152

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

4

4

4

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

7

58

1713

2611

3941

3806

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

670 e

685

1095

1100

1203

1203

2.7

of which: pumped storage

750

Solid biomass Biogas

-

53

449

872

911

1001

873

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

14880

16265

16822

18795

18226

17338

..

0.9

Hydro

14880

16239

16720

16029

14517

12057

..

-1.2 -8.5

of which:

732

354

360

328

238

148

..

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

19

44

105

123

156

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

4

4

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

7

58

1713

2611

3941

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

160

150

243

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

787

821

937

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1134

1020

1040

1024

..

1.7

of which: pumped storage

CHP plants

750

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

670 e

685

935

950

960

..

1.4

53

449

85

90

64

..

-

Solid biomass Biogas

750 -

723 e

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 133

AUSTRALIA (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

134 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRALIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1024 1024 -1024 11909 11909 -

Wind

339 339 -339 3941 3941 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

13 13 -13 156 156 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

156 156 156 156 152 4 4 4 -

Industrial waste

103 103 103 103 100 3 -

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 135

AUSTRALIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

4964 4964 -181 -771 4012 2576 21 57 2041 226 231 1436 1428 8 1203 243 960 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

307 307 -288 -19 1001 937 64 -

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

-

75 75 75 75 75 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

40 40 40 40 40 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

7021 7021 -1832 -13 -790 4386 2679 121 57 2044 226 231 115 115 1592 1580 12 18214 17190 1024 -

Share in total energy sources

2.3% 5.4% x x x 5.7% 10.0% 5.1% 0.6% 52.9% 16.4% 95.3% 0.4% 0.5% 8.8% 16.1% 0.2% 7.1% 7.1% 7.4% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

136 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRALIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

3405 3405 3405 3405

3331 3331 3331 3331

3418 3418 3418 3418

2435 2435 -1 2 2432 2432

6015 6015 14 6001 6001

6539 6539 13 6526 6526

8257 8257 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.7 3.7 x 3.7 3.7

7767 7767 7767 7767 -

7823 7823 7823 7823 -

7490 7490 7490 7490 -

4345 4345 4345 4345 -

4236 4236 4236 4236 -

4332 4332 4332 4332 -

4332 4332 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -3.2 -3.2 -3.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 137

AUSTRALIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

197572 e 197572 23310 174262 e 95543 e 78719

199309 199309 36058 163251 103335 59916

203663 203663 36134 167529 105910 61619

207892 207892 1 39871 168022 107882 60140

196479 196479 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.5 1.5 x 1.7 1.5 3.9 -1.2

5780 e 5780 e 5780 e -

11100 11100 11100 -

11643 11643 11643 -

12849 12849 12849 -

13260 13260 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

158108 158108 29683 e 128425 e 54325 e 74100

170313 170313 24120 146193 64493 81700

e

e

e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

676 676 676 -

-

-

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

138 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRALIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

59242 -242 59000 59000 59000

65561 439 66000 66000 66000

117000 117000 117000 117000

165087 -87 165000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

19110 3000 -110 22000 22000 22000

70070 -70 70000 70000 70000

46000 46000 46000 46000

77332 -332 77000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 139

AUSTRIA

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

140 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRIA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (20.9%) Other* (0.6%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (98.8%)

Hydro (54.1%)

Liquid biomass (0.3%)

Renewables (20.2%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (45.6%) Oil (41.7%)

Other** (0.4%)

Coal (16.5%)

(1)

TPES

Renew. mun. waste (1.0%)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5.01 Mtoe

2.29 Mtoe

25 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (1.5%)

Gas (23.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (82.1%)

Renewables (26.9%)

Oil (38.9%)

Coal (9.3%)

Hydro (38.5%)

Biogas (5.2%) Liquid biomass (10.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (57.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (2.3%)

Other** (4.3%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

32 Mtoe

8.71 Mtoe

4.98 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 60 50

TWh

40 30 20 10 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 141

AUSTRIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

24.78 5.01

26.70 5.85

28.52 6.59

33.69 7.48

33.25 8.09

33.25 8.48

32.42 8.71

1.6 3.0

Renewables/TPES(%)

20.2

21.9

23.1

22.2

24.3

25.5

26.9

1.3

149.00

165.04

191.20

214.06

221.66

226.20

223.47

2.3

0.17

0.16

0.15

0.16

0.15

0.15

0.15

-0.7

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

112

108

100

106

101

99

97

-0.7

Population (millions)

7.68

7.95

8.01

8.27

8.30

8.34

8.33

0.5

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.23

3.36

3.56

4.07

4.01

3.99

3.89

1.2

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

49.3

55.2

59.9

60.8

62.3

64.4

65.5

1.5

32.64

38.90

43.52

39.67

43.06

44.56

46.80

1.7

66.2

70.5

72.7

65.3

69.1

69.2

71.4

0.2

4.4

5.0

6.0

7.6

7.8

7.3

..

2.8

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.27

0.34

0.42

..

26.5

-

23.0

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.2 0.3 3.6 4.4 5.7 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

11353

11856

12515

14002

15566

16777

..

2.2

Hydro

10947

11304

11664

11868

12145

12504

..

0.7

3556

3571

3572

3929

3929

4285

..

1.0

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

2

1

..

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

1

5

35

35

49

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

54

969

977

996

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

293

..

-

Municipal waste

6

6

12

364

432

431

..

26.8 9.4

400

544

780

766

1699

2024

..

Biogas

-

-

-

-

261

453

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

15

26

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

461

1241

2202

3351

3622

3964

..

12.7

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

323

869

1541

2346

2535

2775

..

12.7

Solid biomass

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

142 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

33687

40386

45298

42861

45971

47739

50630

2.0

Hydro

32507

38477

43498

37277

39163

40678

42348

1.3

998

1410

1658

2786

2492

2732

3310

5.8

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

3

2

2

2

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

3

22

24

28

21

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

67

1752

2036

2014

2452

-

Industrial waste

38

48

72

235

273

390

451

13.8

Municipal waste renew.

10

15

24

343

358

303

351

20.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

16

24

46

170

147

60

69

7.6

1116

1766

1517

2542

3062

3259

4328

6.1

Biogas

-

54

71

449

832

968

569

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

68

74

37

39

-

Electricity only plants

33040

39227

44145

40976

43873

45469

..

1.8

Hydro

32507

38477

43498

37277

39163

40678

..

1.3

998

1410

1658

2786

2492

2732

..

5.8

Solid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

3

2

2

..

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

3

22

24

28

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

67

1752

2036

2014

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

44

31

64

148

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

9

332

346

294

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

15

132

116

31

..

-

533

723

441

960

1285

1326

..

5.2

Biogas

-

25

68

421

790

925

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

46

47

23

..

-

647

1159

1153

1885

2098

2270

..

7.2

Solid biomass

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

38

48

28

204

209

242

..

10.8

Municipal waste renew.

10

15

15

11

12

9

..

-0.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

16

24

31

38

31

29

..

3.4

583

1043

1076

1582

1777

1933

..

6.9

-

29

3

28

42

43

..

-

Geothermal

Solid biomass Biogas

22 27 14 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 143

AUSTRIA (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

3939

7644

10463

21980

26861

30258

30995

12.0

Geothermal

-

32

378

562

517

668

684

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

749

966

642

589

720

619

634

-1.1

Industrial waste

679

1065

1056

1117

1216

1144

1171

2.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

1107

1739

1723

2497

2467

2338

2395

4.2

Solid biomass

Municipal waste renew.

1404

3645

6664

16377

20998

24843

25449

17.3

Biogas

-

197

-

424

452

392

401

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

414

491

254

261

-

CHP plants

2094

3041

2366

10450

13540

16789

..

12.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

749

966

642

587

718

618

..

-1.1

Municipal waste renew.

511

626

606

608

624

540

..

0.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

834

1022

989

1667

1502

1352

..

2.7

Solid biomass

-

230

129

6945

9962

13811

..

-

Biogas

-

197

-

229

243

214

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

414

491

254

..

-

1845

4603

8097

11530

13321

13469

..

11.7

Geothermal

-

32

378

562

517

668

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

2

2

1

..

-

168

439

450

509

592

604

..

7.4

Solar thermal

Heat only plants

Municipal waste renew.

273

717

734

830

965

986

..

7.4

1404

3415

6535

9432

11036

11032

..

12.1

-

-

-

195

209

178

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

144 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

3263 3263 -3162 -101 37946 37946 -

Wind

173 173 -173 2014 2014 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

2 2 -2 28 28 -

Geothermal

39 39 -1 -32 6 6 6 2 2 668 668

Solar thermal

115 115 115 115 74 40 1 -

Industrial waste

438 438 -10 -45 -20 -37 326 309 43 100 152 1 10 1 1 17 17 390 148 242 619 618 1

Mun. waste renew.

113 113 -44 -32 -18 -19 303 294 9 1144 540 604

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 145

AUSTRIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

94 94 -9 -3 -44 -7 -30 60 31 29 2338 1352 986

Wood/ wood waste

3964 438 -333 4070 -164 -227 -421 -261 -316 -2 2678 818 34 75 1 11 6 424 215 19 33 1861 1627 37 197 3259 1326 1933 24843 13811 11032

Charcoal

8 8 1 9 9 5 4 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

5 5 -1 -4 13 13 -

5 5 -1 -1 3 3 3 6 1 5 37 37 -

Other biogas

238 238 -214 -2 -7 -3 -6 6 6 4 2 949 911 38 355 177 178

Biogasoline

45 54 -41 1 58 1 59 59 59 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

122 267 -98 -17 274 1 275 275 275 e -

112 112 -2 -6 -1 -13 -2 88 85 85 2 2 37 23 14 254 254 -

Total renew. & waste sources

8728 767 -472 -16 9007 -3786 -415 -524 -311 -403 -1 3565 1136 43 137 227 1 11 10 427 225 20 34 419 419 2010 1706 104 200 45007 42737 2270 30258 16789 13469

Share in total energy sources

79.0% 2.6% 7.9% x 27.1% x x x x x x x 13.3% 15.4% 4.5% 15.0% 22.0% 0.8% 1.8% 2.0% 30.1% 42.8% 3.5% 13.4% 5.2% 5.7% 20.6% 26.3% 3.9% 33.6% 69.9% 79.3% 21.7% 44.7% 36.5% 61.8%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

146 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1475 1475 1235 240 240

1360 1360 1120 240 240

1634 1634 1394 240 240

1680 1680 .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.1 14.1 2.6 2.6

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

151 151 151 151

205 e 205 e 64 e 141 141

962 962 756 e 206 206

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

621 621 621 621

1494 1494 1494 1494

2662 2662 2662 2662

4157 4157 4157 4157

4457 4457 4457 4457

4829 4829 4829 4829

5201 5201 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1

6576 6576 2542 4034 2924 1110

7005 7005 1929 5076 4556 520

7671 7671 1589 6082 5521 561

15301 15301 2768 12533 11804 729

14836 14836 3144 11692 10967 725

18343 18343 4689 13654 12925 729

12726 12726 .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.9 5.9 3.5 7.0 8.6 -2.3

917 917 917 -

1486 1486 1486 -

1714 1714 1714 -

5229 5229 5229 -

5146 5146 5146 -

4732 4732 4732 -

4893 4893 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.5 9.5 9.5 -

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 147

AUSTRIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

2425 2425 2425 -

2796 2796 2796 -

5842 5842 5842 -

5274 5274 5274 -

3931 3931 3931 -

4065 4065 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.5 5.5 5.5 -

92789 2053 -545 94297 7529 86768 22444 1 64323

105661 928 190 106779 17904 88875 19901 1 68973

119295 -2069 117226 20594 96632 29161 67471

142597 8603 151200 42929 108271 32902 75369

158323 4591 162914 50455 112459 37124 75335

166009 4414 170423 58268 112155 34241 77914

162338 8436 170774 .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.3 4.3 x 3.3 12.0 1.4 2.4 1.1

-

195 195 146 49 49

442 442 442 -

204 204 204 -

203 203 203 -

200 200 200 -

176 176 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

619 619 619 -

468 468 110 358 358 -

772 772 621 151 151 -

244 244 82 162 162 -

202 202 80 122 122 -

178 178 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1497 1497 1497 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

148 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

AUSTRIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

35 35 35 -

365 365 219 146 146 -

6204 6204 5975 229 229 -

8635 8635 8385 250 250 -

9987 9987 9728 259 251 8

10424 10424 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

10031 26990 -15021 22000 22000 22000

70323 20621 1056 92000 92000 92000

86731 16048 -8779 94000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

191283 138462 -9745 320000 320000 e 320000 e

140086 194507 -19593 315000 315000 e 315000 e

210846 178563 -3409 386000 .. ..

x -

7153 7153 7153 6547 606

12844 12844 12844 11757 1087

19666 19666 19666 18001 1665

93366 93366 50866 42500 38900 3600

125111 125111 57033 320 67758 64180 3578

139547 139547 28771 7 110769 107380 3389

151176 151176 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

17.9 17.9 16.4 16.8 10.0

7 7 7 7

9 9 9 9

10 10 10 10

1 12 13 13 13

1 11 12 12 12

1 11 12 12 12

1 14 15 .. .. .. ..

2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

89165 194645 -2810 281000 281000 e 281000 e

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 149

BELGIUM

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

150 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

BELGIUM Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Nuclear (23.1%)

Gas (16.9%)

Hydro (4.8%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (73.9%)

Other** (0.7%) Renewables (1.0%)

Oil (37.2%)

Biogas (1.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (24.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (94.5%)

Coal (21.9%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

48 Mtoe

0.48 Mtoe

0.45 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (1.0%) Gas (26.3%)

Hydro (1.7%)

Nuclear (22.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (68.2%)

Other** (5.3%)

Biogas (4.5%)

Renewables (3.6%)

Coal (5.7%)

Liquid biomass (16.6%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (93.0%)

Oil (41.2%)

Renew. mun. waste (10.7%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

56 Mtoe

2.03 Mtoe

1.89 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 151

BELGIUM 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

48.28 0.48

53.77 0.53

58.51 0.64

58.11 1.36

57.03 1.52

58.58 1.82

55.76 2.03

1.1 7.7

Renewables/TPES(%)

1.0

1.0

1.1

2.3

2.7

3.1

3.6

6.5

186.52

201.85

232.37

258.33

265.93

268.69

263.36

2.0

0.26

0.27

0.25

0.22

0.21

0.22

0.21

-0.9

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

103

106

100

89

85

87

84

-0.9

Population (millions)

9.97

10.14

10.25

10.54

10.62

10.71

10.78

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.84

5.30

5.71

5.51

5.37

5.47

5.17

0.7

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

70.3

73.5

82.8

84.3

87.5

83.6

89.7

1.0

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.56

0.67

1.04

2.95

3.49

4.42

5.14

12.2

0.8

0.9

1.3

3.5

4.0

5.3

5.7

11.1

6.5

7.1

7.7

8.0

8.1

8.9

..

1.8

-

-

-

-

0.09

0.10

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 1.1 1.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

1605 e

1707 e

1730 e

2287

2406

2616

..

2.8

Hydro

1401

1403

1413

1414

1417

1418

..

0.1

1307

1307

1310

1307

1307

1307

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

2

20

62

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

5

5

14

212

276

324

..

26.1

Industrial waste

120 e

139 e

139

3

22

24

..

-8.6

Municipal waste

52 e

135 e

97

196

177

185

..

7.3

Solid biomass

47

of which: pumped storage

26 e

23 e

Biogas

1 e

2 e

307

329

442

..

17.0

20 e

53

68

88

..

Liquid biomass

-

28.2

-

-

100

97

73

..

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

34

36

41

110

139

176

..

9.6

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

24

25

29

77

97

123

..

9.5

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

152 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

BELGIUM 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990 Total electricity1 Hydro of which: pumped storage

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

2281 e

3051

5101 e

5821

6829

7640

8.3

897

1230

1699

1628 e

1683

1757

1762

3.8

631

892

1239

1269 e

1294

1347

1351

4.3

1627 e

1995

2000

2006

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

2

6

42

164

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

7

9

16

366

491

637

981

28.5

Industrial waste

231

441

385

109 e

533

405

436

3.2

Municipal waste renew.

140 e

187 e

306

319

297

370

399

5.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

210 e

280 e

383

771

508

659

710

6.6

Solid biomass

135

121

164

1406

1818

2485

2678

17.6

Biogas

7

13

98

274 e

289

333

358

23.9

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

226

196

141

152

-

7.3

of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage

1627 e

2281 e

2533

4296 e

5145

5808

..

897

1230

1699

1628 e

1683

1757

..

3.8

631

892

1239

1269 e

1294

1347

..

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

2

6

42

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

7

9

16

366

491

637

..

28.5

Industrial waste

231

441

72

441

322

..

1.9

Municipal waste renew.

140 e

187 e

290

189

294

359

..

5.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

210 e

280 e

367

563

493

644

..

6.4

Solid biomass

135

121

11

1079

1420

1783

..

15.4

Biogas

7

13

78

163 e

167

174

..

19.5

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

220

150

90

..

-

CHP plants

-

-

518

805 e

676

1021

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

313

23

92

83

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

16

130

3

11

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

16

208

15

15

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

153

327

398

702

..

-

Biogas

-

-

20

111 e

122

159

..

-

86 e

6 46 51 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 153

BELGIUM (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

411

241

885

2660

297

1075

1075

5.5

Geothermal

43

53

53

74

61

68

68

2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

68

14

97

208

-

216

216

6.6

Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

120 e

70 e

347

909

13

111

111

-0.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

180 e

104 e

347

1305

65

160

160

-0.7

Solid biomass

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

41

Liquid biomass

-

-

CHP plants

-

Geothermal

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

78

208

-

216

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

135

871

13

111

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

135

1250

65

160

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

4

56

271

..

-

Biogas

-

-

41

152

99

221

..

-

4

56

271

271

-

160 e

99

221

221

-

-

-

3

28

28

-

-

389

2485

236

1007

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

-

-

-

-

3

28

..

-

411

241

496

175

61

68

..

-9.5

43

53

53

74

61

68

..

2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

68

14

19

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

120 e

70 e

212

38

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

180 e

104 e

212

55

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

8 e

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

154 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

BELGIUM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

35 35 -35 410 410 -

Wind

55 55 -54 -1 637 637 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

4 4 -1 -3 42 42 -

Geothermal

3 3 -3 68 68

Solar thermal

6 6 6 6 5 1 -

Industrial waste

291 291 -132 -48 111 111 111 405 322 83 216 216 -

Mun. waste renew.

202 202 -192 -11 370 359 11 111 111 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 155

BELGIUM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

359 359 -344 -15 659 644 15 160 160 -

Wood/ wood waste

767 514 1281 -424 -2 -59 -63 734 498 114 5 282 98 235 218 2 15 2485 1783 702 271 271 -

Charcoal

7 7 7 7 6 1 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

47 47 -39 -1 -7 182 157 25 39 39 -

1 1 -1 1 1 1 4 4 -

Other biogas

38 38 -6 -13 -11 8 5 2 2 1 2 1 1 147 17 130 182 182 -

Biogasoline

10 2 12 12 12 12 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

252 11 -174 88 1 89 89 89 -

27 15 42 -12 -9 -3 -4 13 9 9 4 1 4 141 90 51 28 28 -

Total renew. & waste sources

2097 549 -174 2471 1 -1233 -22 -156 -79 -3 981 623 11 225 7 283 98 101 101 255 229 7 20 5482 4461 1021 1075 1007 68

Share in total energy sources

14.4% 0.7% 0.7% 4.2% x x x x x x 2.3% 5.8% 0.3% 16.3% 0.7% 38.5% 42.9% 1.1% 1.1% 1.8% 2.6% 0.2% 2.4% 6.6% 6.2% 8.6% 3.4% 3.5% 2.5%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

156 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

BELGIUM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

89 89 86 3 -

115 115 106 9 -

133 133 106 27 -

152 152 148 4 -

125 125 122 3 -

145 145 136 9 -

145 145 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.7 2.7 2.6 x -

35 35 35 35

39 39 39 39

43 43 43 43

138 138 138 138

193 193 193 193

245 245 245 245

245 245 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4

5499 5499 3314 e 2185 2185 -

9003 9003 5365 e 3638 3638 -

10911 10911 5705 e 5206 5206 -

8231 8231 2815 e 5416 5202 214

16326 16326 12533 3793 3613 180

12172 12172 7523 4649 4649 -

12172 12172 .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.5 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.3 -

4706 e 4706 e 4706 e -

5418 e 5418 e 5418 e -

5896 5896 5896 -

5635 5635 5635 -

8476 8476 8476 -

8476 8476 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.3 3.3 3.3 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

7723 7723 7723 -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 157

BELGIUM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

7633 7633 7633 -

16935 16935 16935 -

9783 9783 9783 -

15051 15051 15051 -

15051 15051 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.3 4.3 4.3 -

11249 3575 14824 600 14224 7123 7101

13347 4373 17720 766 16954 10593 6361

23845 16886 40731 12435 28296 19518 8778

27168 18170 45338 18354 26984 18108 8876

32134 21517 53651 22930 30721 20875 9846

32134 21517 53651 .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.7 7.7 22.3 4.7 7.5 1.3

146 146 146 -

173 173 173 -

1002 1002 1002 -

2135 2135 2135 -

2047 2047 -104 1943 -

1956 1956 1956 -

1956 1956 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

15.5 15.5 x 15.5 -

-

-

61 61 33 28 28

54 54 17 37 37

68 68 55 13 13

62 62 27 35 35

62 62 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

7058 e 7058 e 7058 e -

8126 e 8126 e 8126 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

14064 14064 608 e 13456 e 5696 e 7760

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

158 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

BELGIUM 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

123 123 123 123 -

288 288 288 288 -

144 144 45 99 99 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1289 1289 1146 143 57 86

1572 1572 1253 319 225 94

1572 1572 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

15.2 15.2 5.4 3.4 -

-

-

15969 3450 -419 19000 19000 19000

49340 10660 60000 .. ..

x -

-

-

145086 -45949 -137 99000 99000 99000

276851 -179325 474 98000 98000 98000

729556 -472556 257000 .. ..

x -

-

-

32677 33080 65757 -15 53098 12644 11823 821

37937 19811 57748 46940 10808 6749 4059

29789 16984 46773 31623 15150 10479 4671

29789 16984 46773 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

9 9 9 9

9 9 .. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1152 e 1152 e 712 e 440 328 112

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 159

CANADA

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

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160 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CANADA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Nuclear (9.3%)

Gas (26.2%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (99.2%)

Hydro (75.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (24.3%)

Renewables (16.2%)

Biogas (0.1%) Renew. mun. waste (0.7%)

Oil (36.7%)

Coal (11.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

209 Mtoe

33.72 Mtoe

8.20 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (-1.2%) Nuclear (9.4%)

Gas (31.1%)

Hydro (74.6%)

Biogas (1.5%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (24.6%)

Renewables (16.9%)

Oil (35.3%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (91.3%)

Liquid biomass (6.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (0.7%)

Other** (0.8%)

Coal (8.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

250 Mtoe

42.30 Mtoe

10.41 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 161

CANADA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

208.68 33.72

230.91 38.73

251.44 42.42

268.62 42.38

272.10 44.09

266.77 45.20

250.05 42.30

1.4 1.6

Renewables/TPES(%)

16.2

16.8

16.9

15.8

16.2

16.9

16.9

0.3

543.64

592.05

724.91

845.39

866.79

870.39

858.07

2.6

0.38

0.39

0.35

0.32

0.31

0.31

0.29

-1.2

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

111

112

100

92

91

88

84

-1.2

27.69

29.30

30.69

32.58

32.93

33.33

33.53

1.0

7.54

7.88

8.19

8.25

8.26

8.00

7.46

0.3

482.0

560.0

605.6

615.9

642.0

651.2

622.5

1.7

300.69

341.63

366.99

366.56

382.17

394.75

378.69

1.5

62.4

61.0

60.6

59.5

59.5

60.6

60.8

-0.2

33.0

35.8

39.2

42.4

44.1

44.1

..

1.6

-

-

0.13

0.14

0.66

0.69

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.6 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

60325 e

65799 e

68861 e

76014

76869

78569

..

1.5

Hydro

59381

64750

67407 e

72838

73458

74614

..

1.3

177 e

-0.3

186

177

177

177

177

..

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

2

7

20

26

33

..

-

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20

20

20 e

20

20

20

..

-

Wind

1

22

92 e

1460

1770

2369

..

54.0

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

4 e

4 e

4 e

35

36

35

..

12.8

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

-

914 e

991 e

1227 e

1505

1423

1372

..

2.3

Biogas

5 e

10 e

104 e

136

136

126

..

19.6

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

854 e

883 e

883 e

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

598 e

618 e

618 e

..

-

Solid biomass

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

162 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CANADA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

300843 e

341791 e

367158 e

366725 e

382340 e

394920 e

378849

1.5

Hydro

296848

336034

358620

355455

370805

382580

367021

1.4

111

111

111

111

111

111

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

4

16 e

21

26

33

33

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

26

33

31

30

33

33

1.3

Wind

-

59

264

2500

3024

3819

3781

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

76 e

99 e

99 e

102 e

102 e

96

1.6

Tide, wave, ocean

Municipal waste renew.

41 e

Municipal waste non-renew.

3829

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

54 e 5465

32 e

111 e

54 e 7365

102 55 7830

55 e 7528

55 e 7528

23 e

43 e

708 e

731 e

770 e

770 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

52

1.6

7106

3.8

727

21.5

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

300726 e

341674 e

367041 e

366610 e

382181 e

394761 e

..

1.5

Hydro

296848

336034

358620

355455

370805

382580

..

1.4

111

111

111

111

111

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

4

16 e

21

26

33

..

-

of which: pumped storage

-

-

26

33

Wind

-

59

Industrial waste

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

23 e

23 e

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

13 e

13 e

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

3829

5465

-

111 e

-

-

-

-

-

31

30

33

..

1.3

264

2500

3024

3819

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

27

27 e

27 e

..

-

15

15 e

15 e

..

-

..

3.8 21.1

32 e

7365

7830

7528

7528

23 e

43 e

708 e

731 e

726 e

726 e

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

1.7 -

117 e

117 e

117 e

115

159 e

159 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

76 e

76 e

76 e

75

75 e

75 e

..

-0.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

40

-0.1

41 e

41 e

41 e

40 e

40 e

..

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

44 e

44 e

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 163

CANADA (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat

2014 e

1995 2014 e

2000 2014 e

2006 1805

2007 1855 e

2008 1855 e

2009e

90-08

1751

-0.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1309 e

1309 e

1309 e

1174

1174 e

1174 e

1108

-0.6

705 e

705 e

705 e

631

631 e

631 e

596

-0.6

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

50 e

50 e

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

47

-

-

-

of which: ..

0.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

411 e

411 e

411 e

426

426 e

426 e

..

0.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

229

0.2

CHP plants

633 e

633 e

633 e

655

705 e

705 e

222 e

222 e

222 e

229 e

229 e

..

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

50 e

50 e

..

-

-

Liquid biomass Heat only plants

1381 e

1381 e

1381 e

1150

1150 e

1150 e

-

-

..

-1.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

898 e

898 e

898 e

748

748 e

748 e

..

-1.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

402

483 e

483 e

483 e

402 e

402 e

..

-1.0

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

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164 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CANADA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

32892 32892 -30005 -2887 382469 382469 -

Wind

328 328 -328 3819 3819 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

3 3 -3 33 33 -

Solar PV

3 3 -3 33 33 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

Industrial waste

-

103 103 103 103 103 -

Mun. waste renew.

73 73 -19 -20 -35 102 27 75 1174 426 748

e

e e e

e e e e e e

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 165

CANADA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

39 39 -10 -11 -19 55 15 40 631 229 402

Wood/ wood waste

e

e e e

e e e e e e

11044 11044 -1726 9319 7465 7465 1853 1853 7528 7528 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

150 150 -128 -11 -1 10 5 4 1 5 4 712 668 44 50 50 -

Sludge gas

e

e e

e e e

17 e 17 -17 e 58 58 e -

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

411 286 -8 689 689 689 689 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

1 1 1 1 1 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

45063 287 -8 45342 -30339 -4787 -11 -31 -54 -1 10122 7573 4 104 7465 690 690 1858 1853 4 394809 394650 159 1855 705 1150

Share in total energy sources

11.1% 0.3% 17.0% x x x x x x 5.0% 13.9% 0.1% 30.0% 54.6% 1.2% 1.6% 2.7% 5.7% 0.0% 60.6% 61.2% 2.3% 5.5% 2.2% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

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166 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CANADA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

4308 4308 4308 4308 -

4555 4555 .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 -

3071 e 3071 e 3071 e -

3071 3071 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.1 1.1 1.1 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1563 1563 1563 1563 -

e

e

e e

3622 3622 3622 3622 -

e

e

e e

3162 3162 3162 3162 -

e

e

e e

3725 3725 3725 3725 -

e

e

e e

3725 3725 3725 3725 -

e

e

e e

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

2524 e 2524 e 2524 e -

3231 e 3231 e 3231 e -

3231 e 3231 e 3231 e -

3071 3071 3071 -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

3071 e 3071 e 3071 e -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 167

CANADA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1654 1654 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.1 1.1 1.1 -

398339 398339 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.7 1.7 x 3.8 1.4 1.6 0.8

e

6265 e 6265 e 5808 e 48 409 213 196

6010 6010 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

696 e 696 e 696 e -

696 e 696 e 696 e -

626 626 .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.3 5.3 5.3 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1359 e 1359 e 1359 e -

1740 e 1740 e 1740 e -

1740 e 1740 e 1740 e -

1654 1654 1654 -

408164 408164 52464 e 355700 282976 72724

467640 467640 70704 e 396936 320138 76798

468866 468866 75167 393699 316099 77600

1654 e 1654 e 1654 e -

1654 e 1654 e 1654 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

340703 340703 36758 e 303945 236650 67295

462568 462568 1 72265 390304 312704 77600

462489 462489 72265 390224 312624 77600

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

-

7091 e 7091 e 7091 e -

7342 e 7342 e 7342 e -

276 e 276 e 276 e -

516 e 516 e 516 e -

696 e 696 e 696 e -

696 e 696 e 696 e -

6286 6286 5808 50 428 222 206

e

e e e e e

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

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168 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CANADA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

144000 64000 208000 208000 208000

203255 12454 291 216000 216000 216000

646345 386654 1 1033000 1033000 1033000

642463 433656 -119 1076000 1076000 1076000

867463 177979 -442 1045000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

269 -269 -

681 319 1000 1000 1000

978 22 1000 1000 1000

978 22 1000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

e e e e

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 169

CZECH REPUBLIC

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

170 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Oil (17.9%)

Gas (10.8%) Other* (-0.1%)

Hydro (100.0%)

Nuclear (6.7%) Renewables (0.2%)

Coal (64.5%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

49 Mtoe

0.10 Mtoe

0.00 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (15.5%)

Other* (-2.2%)

Oil (21.1%)

Nuclear (16.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (83.0%)

Hydro (8.1%)

Biogas (5.9%)

Other** (1.5%)

Liquid biomass (8.6%)

Renewables (5.9%)

Renew. mun. waste (2.6%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (90.4%)

Coal (43.3%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

43 Mtoe

2.57 Mtoe

2.33 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 6 5

TWh

4 3 2 1 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 171

CZECH REPUBLIC 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

48.75 0.10

40.90 0.60

40.25 0.61

45.84 1.93

45.78 2.14

44.63 2.21

43.43 2.57

-0.5 18.8

Renewables/TPES(%)

0.2

1.5

1.5

4.2

4.7

5.0

5.9

19.4

55.30

52.69

56.72

72.78

77.25

79.15

76.44

2.0

0.88

0.78

0.71

0.63

0.59

0.56

0.57

-2.5 -2.5

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

124

109

100

89

84

79

80

10.36

10.33

10.27

10.27

10.32

10.43

10.42

0.0

4.70

3.96

3.92

4.46

4.43

4.28

4.17

-0.5

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

62.3

60.6

72.9

83.7

87.8

83.2

81.7

1.6

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

1.16

2.41

2.28

3.52

3.41

3.73

4.60

6.7

1.9

4.0

3.1

4.2

3.9

4.5

5.6

5.0

2.3

2.5

3.9

5.7

5.9

5.8

..

5.2

-

0.02

0.06

0.02

0.03

0.11

..

-

-

-

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.6 1.6 0.3 0.5 1.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

1410 e

1399

2098

2558

2734

2938

..

4.2

Hydro

1410 e

1399

2097

2175

2176

2192

..

2.5

-

491

1145

1147

1147

1147

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

1

4

54

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

1

44

114

150

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

3

3

3

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

292

387

468

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

43

50

71

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

105

130

165

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

74

91

116

..

-

of which: pumped storage

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

172 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

1990 1449 e

2695

3036

4234

3852

4093

5158

5.9

Hydro

1449 e

2274

2313

3257

2523

2376

2983

2.8

288 e

272

555

707

434

352

550

1.1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

2

13

89

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

49

125

245

288

-

Industrial waste

-

16

201

-

-

2

2

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

2

12

11

11

12

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

3

7

8

8

8

-

Solid biomass

-

302

382

731

968

1171

1436

-

Biogas

-

103

135

177

215

267

340

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.5

of which: Electricity only plants

1449 e

2312

2488

3659

3092

3211

..

Hydro

1449 e

2274

2313

3257

2523

2376

..

2.8

288 e

272

555

707

434

352

..

1.1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

2

13

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

49

125

245

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

13

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

27

135

288

372

514

..

-

Biogas

-

11

27

64

70

63

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

383

548

575

760

882

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

16

188

-

-

2

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

2

12

11

11

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

3

7

8

8

..

-

Solid biomass

-

275

247

443

596

657

..

-

Biogas

-

92

108

113

145

204

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 173

CZECH REPUBLIC 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

2415

7740

4417

4510

5013

5220

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

928

2473

113

108

377

380

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

832

1578

1557

1505

1535

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

832

1051

1038

1068

1073

-

Solid biomass

-

1090

3219

1581

1678

1902

2055

-

Biogas

-

397

384

94

129

161

177

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

1539

7200

2508

2477

2582

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

203

2292

26

28

52

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

832

801

816

763

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

832

534

544

509

..

-

Solid biomass

-

939

2934

1067

960

1097

..

-

Biogas

-

397

310

80

129

161

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

876

540

1909

2033

2431

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

725

181

87

80

325

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

777

741

742

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

517

494

559

..

-

Solid biomass

-

151

285

514

718

805

..

-

Biogas

-

-

74

14

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

183

237

292

283

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

85

94

100

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

183

152

198

183

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

174 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

174 174 -126 -48 2024 2024 -

Wind

21 21 -21 245 245 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

1 1 -1 13 13 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

5 5 5 5 4 1 -

Industrial waste

144 144 -3 -10 131 127 7 119 5 5 2 2 377 52 325

Mun. waste renew.

57 57 -13 -10 -24 11 11 11 11 11 1505 763 742

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 175

CZECH REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

43 43 -9 -6 -18 9 9 9 8 8 1068 509 559

Wood/ wood waste

1960 22 -229 1753 -123 -42 -96 -24 -3 1466 393 1 3 2 244 133 1 1 7 1073 1055 8 11 1171 514 657 1902 1097 805

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

29 29 -11 -8 -10 1 1 1 97 60 37 62 62 -

34 34 -1 -12 21 1 1 20 20 77 77 19 19 -

Other biogas

27 27 -1 -3 -15 8 8 8 93 3 90 80 80 -

Biogasoline

39 21 -24 -2 34 1 35 35 35 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

66 58 -46 -3 75 75 75 75 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

2600 101 -299 -5 2397 1 -282 -57 -68 -152 -24 -55 1762 521 7 120 3 3 244 133 1 1 7 110 110 1132 1059 55 19 3741 2859 882 5013 2582 2431

Share in total energy sources

7.9% 0.5% 3.2% x 5.4% x x x x x x x 6.5% 6.4% 0.5% 9.6% 0.4% 0.5% 40.2% 60.5% 0.5% 0.6% 1.1% 1.8% 1.9% 11.6% 18.3% 1.8% 3.7% 4.5% 4.6% 4.3% 4.1% 2.7% 9.5%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

176 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

128 128 128 128

152 152 152 152

202 202 202 202

273 273 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

5528 5528 5105 423 398 25

4891 4891 268 4623 4421 202

5303 5303 256 5047 4604 443

6030 6030 540 5490 5298 192

6600 6600 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501

2385 2385 1880 505 14 491

2406 2406 1859 547 16 531

2404 2404 1943 461 461

2489 2489 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

1162 e 1162 e 1162 -

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

-

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 177

CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501

1591 1591 1254 337 10 327

1603 1603 1239 364 10 354

1783 1783 1396 387 387

1659 1659 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

13372 13372 7974 5398 5346 52

71840 -6172 65668 7636 58032 16585 41447

81548 -6943 74605 9598 65007 16904 48103

82092 -8673 73419 12022 61397 16446 44951

87578 -6730 80848 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

16009 16009 3506 12503 12503 -

e

-

-

-

1029 1029 1027 2 2

1297 1297 1265 32 32

1229 1229 1194 35 35

1216 1216 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

1417 1417 1417 -

1509 1509 1427 82 19 63

1303 1303 402 901 39 862

1303 1303 462 841 38 803

1412 1412 523 889 40 849

1484 1484 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

e

e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

178 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

325 325 207 118 118

589 589 381 208 208

1129 1129 804 325 7 318

3019 3019 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

1790 210 2000 2000 2000

26509 -17027 -9482 -

60236 -3591 -2645 54000 54000 54000

89625 -209 1584 91000 .. ..

x -

-

11800 6000 200 18000 18000 18000

67200 3128 -328 70000 70000 70000

110152 -87953 -3199 19000 19000 19000

81806 -45233 -2573 34000 34000 34000

75173 13069 -3242 85000 85000 85000

154923 3645 432 159000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 179

DENMARK

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

180 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

DENMARK Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (10.5%)

Oil (44.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (73.6%)

Hydro (0.2%)

Other* (4.2%)

Biogas (1.8%)

Other** (5.3%)

Renewables (6.2%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (94.5%)

Coal (35.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (24.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

17 Mtoe

1.08 Mtoe

1.02 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (21.9%)

Hydro (0.1%)

Other* (2.3%)

Oil (35.5%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (75.3%)

Other** (19.0%)

Biogas (3.8%) Liquid biomass (0.5%)

Renewables (18.0%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (81.0%)

Coal (22.3%)

Renew. mun. waste (20.5%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

18 Mtoe

3.22 Mtoe

2.61 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 12 10

TWh

8 6 4 2 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 181

DENMARK 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

17.34 1.08

19.43 1.32

18.58 1.82

20.20 2.90

19.66 3.18

19.01 3.20

17.84 3.22

0.5 6.2

Renewables/TPES(%)

6.2

6.8

9.8

14.4

16.2

16.8

18.0

5.7

123.89

139.06

160.08

176.17

179.15

177.59

172.67

2.0

0.14

0.14

0.12

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.10

-1.5

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

121

120

100

99

95

92

89

-1.5

Population (millions)

5.14

5.23

5.34

5.44

5.46

5.49

5.50

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.37

3.72

3.48

3.71

3.60

3.46

3.24

0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

26.0

36.7

36.1

45.6

39.2

36.4

36.2

1.9

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.83

1.88

5.62

9.27

10.34

10.11

9.96

14.9

3.2

5.1

15.6

20.3

26.4

27.8

27.5

12.8

3.1

3.5

3.7

4.2

4.4

4.3

..

1.9

-

-

-

0.00

0.01

0.01

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

413

909

2760

3962

3761

4120

..

13.6

10

10

10

9

9

9

..

-0.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

1

3

3

3

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total capacity Hydro of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

343

616

2392

3135

3124

3166

..

13.1

Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

150

230

299

233

303

..

-

Solid biomass

40

110

86

455

333

558

..

15.8

Biogas

20

23

41

61

59

81

..

8.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

57

144

246

337

357

383

..

11.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

40

101

172

236

250

268

..

11.1

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

182 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

DENMARK 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

2118

6128

10025

11067

10876

10693

15.2

28

30

30

23

28

26

19

-0.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

2

2

3

3

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total electricity1 Hydro of which: pumped storage

Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

848 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

610

1177

4241

6108

7171

6928

6721

14.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42 e

-

361

727

1076

1039

1097

1042

19.9

20 e

234

509

754

728

769

729

22.5

108

208

411

1778

1828

1804

1924

16.9

40

108

209

284

271

249

255

10.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

638

1217

4275

6135

7203

6958

..

14.2

28

30

30

23

28

26

..

-0.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

2

2

3

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

610

1177

4241

6108

7171

6928

..

14.5

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

8

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

2

3

2

2

1

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

901

1853

3890

3864

3918

..

17.7 -

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage

Wind

CHP plants

210 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42 e

361

727

1076

1039

1097

..

19.9

20 e

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

234

509

754

728

769

..

22.5

108

200

411

1778

1828

1804

..

16.9

40

106

206

282

269

248

..

10.7

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 183

DENMARK (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

19518

25273

31100

45183

46398

47553

46833

90-08 5.1

Geothermal

48

47

58

267

287

438

431

13.1

Solar thermal

6

6

24

47

50

55

55

13.1

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

8112 e

9142

11304

14057

14633

14891

14146

3.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

3852 e

5919

7922

9849

10253

10434

9912

5.7

Solid biomass

7373

9693

10889

19989

20178

20839

21366

5.9

127

466

903

974

997

896

923

11.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

882

8659

16998

30862

32241

32136

..

22.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

Municipal waste renew.

311 e

3986

7713

12594

12970

12990

..

23.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

149 e

2581

5405

8824

9088

9102

..

25.7

Solid biomass

319

1754

3189

8590

9388

9335

..

20.6

Biogas

103

338

691

854

795

709

..

11.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18636

16614

14102

14321

14157

15417

..

-1.0

Liquid biomass Heat only plants

48

47

58

267

287

438

..

13.1

Solar thermal

6

6

24

47

50

55

..

13.1

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1463

1663

1901

..

-7.5 -5.5

Geothermal

Municipal waste renew.

7801 e

5156

3591

Municipal waste non-renew.

3703 e

3338

2517

1025

1165

1332

..

Solid biomass

7054

7939

7700

11399

10790

11504

..

2.8

24

128

212

120

202

187

..

12.1

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

2700

3624

2899

3236

2708

2716

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

135

78

81

89

64

72

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

58

76

79

86

61

61

-

Waste heat (2)

-

2623

3622

2897

3233

2705

2705

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

184 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

DENMARK 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

2 2 -2 26 26 -

Wind

596 596 -596 6928 6928 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

3 3 -

Geothermal

21 21 -21 438 438

Solar thermal

12 12 -1 11 11 9 2 55 55

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

562 562 -156 -315 -7 -55 30 20 15 1 1 1 2 10 10 1097 1097 14891 12990 1901

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 185

DENMARK 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

394 394 -109 -221 -5 -38 21 14 11 1 1 7 7 769 769 10434 9102 1332

Wood/ wood waste

1389 513 1902 -473 -16 -283 -10 1119 128 5 17 67 37 991 918 25 48 1804 1804 20839 9335 11504

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

6 6 -1 -3 2 2 2 21 1 20 33 23 10

20 20 -8 -2 10 10 10 34 34 109 35 74

Other biogas

67 67 -31 -12 -3 21 4 4 17 17 194 194 754 651 103

Biogasoline

5 5 5 5 5 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

81 -81 -

8 8 8 8 8 -

Total renew. & waste sources

3158 518 -81 3595 -598 -770 -575 -320 -105 1227 166 26 5 2 22 1 67 40 5 5 1056 935 56 65 10876 6958 3918 47553 32136 15417

Share in total energy sources

11.9% 3.3% 0.4% 18.9% x x x x x 8.2% 6.0% 4.6% 1.7% 2.2% 3.1% 0.7% 59.8% 15.9% 0.1% 0.1% 14.5% 21.2% 2.8% 9.0% 29.9% 99.4% 13.3% 38.4% 32.6% 61.5%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

186 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

DENMARK 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

116 e 116 e 116 e -

534 534 534 -

575 575 575 -

875 875 875 -

862 862 .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.1 13.1 13.1 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)

96 e 96 e 96 e -

Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

94 e 94 e 94 e -

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)

100 100 6 94 94

212 212 6 206 206

330 330 24 306 306

428 428 47 381 381

461 461 50 411 411

497 497 55 442 442

497 497 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.3 9.3 13.1 9.0 9.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

10508 10508 1 9870 639 19 620

13904 13904 13114 790 16 774

17870 17870 16945 925 94 831

22594 22594 21191 1403 553 850

23019 23019 21822 1197 637 560

23550 23550 22311 1239 828 411

22372 22372 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.6 4.6 x 4.6 3.7 23.3 -2.3

Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 187

DENMARK 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

9002 9002 -2 8489 511 10 501

12521 12521 11873 648 65 583

15831 15831 14847 984 388 596

16129 16129 15291 838 446 392

16501 16501 15633 868 580 288

15676 15676 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.9 6.9 x 6.9 6.0 26.0 -0.1

31472 31472 -1 9033 22438 4715 17723

34913 233 35146 3 12024 23125 4229 18896

37324 2466 39790 14584 25206 4450 20756

54756 17083 71839 32365 39474 4179 35295

61315 17830 79145 1 32971 46175 4745 41430

58164 21475 79639 32786 46853 5344 41509

60040 22113 82153 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.5 5.3 x 7.4 4.2 0.7 4.8

28 28 11 39 -

414 414 -1 359 54 32 22

613 613 526 37 50 21 29

305 305 -1 268 36 36

301 301 -1 244 56 56

270 270 195 75 75

284 284 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.4 13.4 x 9.4 -

458 458 258 200 200

598 598 1 454 145 145

857 857 568 289 289

879 879 1 411 469 469

865 865 1 485 381 381

844 844 1 430 415 415

887 887 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.5 3.5 x 2.9 4.1 4.1

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

4991 4991 -1 4687 303 9 294

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

188 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

DENMARK 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

266 266 242 24 24 -

746 746 -1 642 5 98 94 4

1442 1442 -2 1348 4 88 12 76

2735 2735 2233 502 137 365

2748 2748 2068 680 145 535

2814 2814 2 1935 881 167 714

2957 2957 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.0 14.0 x 12.2 22.2 11.4 -

-

-

-

5662 338 6000 6000 6000

9448 -448 9000 9000 9000

7877 123 8000 8000 8000

5591 409 6000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

70000 -70000 -

70000 -70000 -

90442 -90442 -

90442 -90442 .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

127 127 127 127

8561 8561 8561 8561

8561 8561 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 189

FINLAND

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

190 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FINLAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (7.5%)

Nuclear (17.6%) Solid biomass/charcoal (99.8%)

Hydro (17.0%)

Gas (7.7%)

Renewables (19.3%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (83.0%)

Oil (33.3%)

Coal (14.4%)

TPES(1)

Renew. mun. waste (0.2%)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5.49 Mtoe

4.56 Mtoe

28 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (8.9%)

Nuclear (18.6%) Solid biomass/charcoal (95.1%)

Hydro (13.7%)

Gas (10.6%)

Other** (0.3%)

Biogas (0.7%)

Renewables (24.1%)

Liquid biomass (2.1%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (86.0%)

Oil (26.5%) Coal (11.3%)

Renew. mun. waste (2.1%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

33 Mtoe

7.97 Mtoe

6.85 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 30 25

TWh

20 15 10 5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 191

FINLAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

28.38 5.49

28.92 6.13

32.11 7.72

37.12 8.68

36.63 8.64

35.26 9.08

33.00 7.97

1.2 2.8

Renewables/TPES(%)

19.3

21.2

24.1

23.4

23.6

25.8

24.1

1.6

99.30

96.25

121.72

144.66

151.81

153.64

142.98

2.5

0.29

0.30

0.26

0.26

0.24

0.23

0.23

-1.2

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

108

114

100

97

91

87

87

-1.2

Population (millions)

4.99

5.11

5.18

5.27

5.29

5.31

5.33

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

5.69

5.66

6.20

7.05

6.93

6.64

6.19

0.9

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

54.4

64.0

70.0

82.3

81.2

77.4

71.6

2.0

16.02

19.55

23.27

22.42

24.30

27.82

21.68

3.1

29.5

30.5

33.3

27.2

29.9

35.9

30.3

1.1

3.6

3.5

3.6

4.0

4.1

3.9

..

0.5

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

0.08

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.0 1.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

3604

3930 e

4423

4883

4974

5008

..

1.8

Hydro

2621

2777

2882

3062

3102

3102

..

0.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

1

3

5

5

6

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

38

86

110

143

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

1500

1730

1757

1757

..

3.3

Biogas

983 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

6

7

10

18

21

25

..

8.3

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

4

5

7

13

15

18

..

8.7

Solid biomass

1146 e

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

192 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FINLAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

16015 e

19545

23621 e

22560

24471

27990

21860

3.2

Hydro

10859

12925

14660

11494

14177

17112

12715

2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

2

3

4

4

6

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

11

78

156

188

261

276

-

Industrial waste

-

-

324

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

of which: pumped storage

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

5156 e

Solid biomass

-

35 e 24 e

46

47

39

40

-

205

287

294

300

-

90

121

136

140

-

6608

8476

10539

9618

10057

8292

3.8

Biogas

-

-

22

27

29

87

91

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

11348 e

13058

15205 e

13268

15533

19115

..

2.9

Hydro

10859

12925

14660

11494

14177

17112

..

2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

2

3

4

4

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

11

78

156

188

261

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

50

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

1 e

56

82

93

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

1 e

26

44

57

..

-

1588

..

6.8 -

of which: pumped storage

Solid biomass

489 e

121

413

1532

1037

Biogas

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9292

8938

8875

..

3.6

CHP plants

4667 e

6487

8416 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

274

46

47

39

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

34 e

149

205

201

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

23 e

64

77

79

..

-

Solid biomass Biogas

4667 e -

6487

8063

9007

8581

8469

..

3.4

-

22

26

28

87

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 193

FINLAND (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat

5025 e

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

6593

22554

59996

53649

57846

56991

14.5 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

5755

503

640

944

930

-

Municipal waste renew.

423 e

285 e

583 e

1666

1910

2213

2200

9.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

282 e

190 e

320 e

732

790

1022

1010

7.4

6118

15731

56340

49495

52998

52186

14.9

Biogas

-

-

165

755

814

669

665

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

4320 e

of which: 2836

14390

50555

44388

46804

..

22.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

1423

482

523

861

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

233 e

1403

1662

1965

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

86 e

562

627

858

..

-

CHP plants

Solid biomass

1275 e

1275 e

2836

12628

47984

41540

42656

..

21.5 -

Biogas

-

-

20

124

36

464

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3757

8164

9441

9261

11042

..

6.2 -

Heat only plants

3750 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

4332

21

117

83

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

423 e

285 e

350 e

263

248

248

..

-2.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

282 e

190 e

234 e

170

163

164

..

-3.0

3282

3103

8356

7955

10342

..

7.0

-

145

631

778

205

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Solid biomass

3045 e -

Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

1

9137

9372

8756

8562

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

5

10

179

712

850

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

4

4

68

277

288

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

9131

9261

8321

8000

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

194 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FINLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1472 1472 -1472 17112 17112 -

Wind

22 22 -22 261 261 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

4 4 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

1 1 1 1 1 -

Industrial waste

48 48 -6 -25 -2 15 13 2 8 3 2 2 39 39 944 861 83

Mun. waste renew.

141 141 -20 -58 -24 -8 33 33 1 25 1 5 294 93 201 2213 1965 248

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 195

FINLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

68 68 -12 -22 -13 -5 16 16 1 12 3 136 57 79 1022 858 164

Wood/ wood waste

7411 4 -92 7324 -293 -68 -1057 -1055 -280 -6 4563 3256 6 1 3 3041 81 124 1307 1125 64 117 10057 1588 8469 52998 42656 10342

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

34 34 -22 -5 7 7 7 87 87 644 464 180

11 11 -1 10 8 8 2 2 25 25

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

66 66 66 66 66 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

10 10 10 10 10 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

9218 70 -92 9197 -1819 -68 -1165 -1117 -301 -6 4721 3333 8 2 1 3 3086 82 150 76 76 1312 1126 66 117 2 27990 19115 8875 57846 46804 11042

Share in total energy sources

55.7% 0.3% 1.3% 26.1% x x x x x x 18.1% 28.2% 0.8% 0.8% 0.3% 0.9% 44.0% 14.9% 41.7% 1.7% 1.9% 15.5% 22.6% 3.7% 14.8% 0.2% 36.2% 38.3% 32.2% 30.6% 33.3% 22.7%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

196 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FINLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

16 16 16 16

17 17 17 17

16 16 16 16

26 26 26 26

26 26 26 26

32 32 32 32

33 33 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9

-

-

8660 8660 7868 792 739 53

2202 2202 1337 865 815 50

1956 1956 1317 639 573 66

2005 2005 1393 612 537 75

2000 2000 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

470 e 470 e 470 e -

292 e 292 e 292 e -

1137 1137 804 333 333 -

3824 3824 3215 609 609 -

5002 5002 4049 953 953 -

5918 5918 4557 1361 1361 -

6000 6000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

15.1 15.1 13.5 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

e

e e

e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 197

FINLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1780 1780 1438 342 342 -

2179 2179 1750 429 429 -

2868 2868 2206 662 662 -

2600 2600 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.1 13.1 11.4 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

314 e 314 e 314 e -

195 e 195 e 195 e -

758 758 536 222 222 -

e

e e

e e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

180437 9847 190284 42843 147441 102741 44700

209171 519 209690 44581 165109 120409 44700

268404 268404 63138 205266 159966 45300

319387 -3258 316129 126174 189955 134266 55689

306244 -3140 303104 109531 193573 137643 55930

310346 -3660 306686 115599 191087 136357 54730

274408 -1457 272951 .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.1 x 2.7 5.7 1.5 1.6 1.1

-

-

288 288 204 84 84 -

1091 1091 906 185 185 -

1317 1317 995 322 322 -

1427 1427 1127 300 300 -

1480 1480 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

463 463 89 374 274 100

435 435 87 348 248 100

430 430 49 381 281 100

457 457 35 422 322 100

460 460 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

198 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FINLAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

1184 -184 1000 1000 1000

2447 -447 2000 2000 2000

100435 -435 100000 100000 100000

119221 -221 119000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

125 -125 -

11405 -405 11000 11000 11000

74485 -485 74000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 199

FRANCE

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

200 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FRANCE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (11.6%)

Nuclear (36.6%)

Other* (-1.5%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (93.8%)

Hydro (30.4%)

Renewables (6.8%) Coal (9.0%) Oil (37.5%)

Biogas (0.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (68.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (5.5%)

Other** (1.2%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

224 Mtoe

15.22 Mtoe

10.41 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (15.2%)

Nuclear (42.2%)

Other* (-0.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (70.0%)

Hydro (25.5%)

Biogas (2.2%)

Renewables (7.6%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (69.9%)

Coal (3.9%)

Liquid biomass (18.8%)

Other** (4.6%)

Renew. mun. waste (9.0%)

Oil (31.5%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

253 Mtoe

19.22 Mtoe

13.44 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 201

FRANCE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

223.89 15.22

236.66 17.03

251.87 15.89

266.94 15.90

263.89 16.96

266.50 18.98

253.01 19.22

1.0 1.2

Renewables/TPES(%)

6.8

7.2

6.3

6.0

6.4

7.1

7.6

0.3

1091.83

1156.28

1327.96

1474.27

1508.53

1515.00

1496.72

1.8

0.21

0.20

0.19

0.18

0.17

0.18

0.17

-0.8

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

108

108

100

95

92

93

89

-0.8

58.17

59.42

60.73

63.38

63.76

64.12

64.31

0.5

3.85

3.98

4.15

4.21

4.14

4.16

3.93

0.4

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

417.2

491.1

536.1

569.3

564.4

570.3

537.0

1.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

55.79

75.32

70.27

62.25

66.48

73.97

69.39

1.6

13.4

15.3

13.1

10.9

11.8

13.0

12.9

-0.2

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

36.3

39.0

42.2

42.2

42.6

41.5

..

0.7

-

0.16

0.34

0.73

1.45

2.27

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.4 0.8 1.7 3.4 5.5 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

24987

25232

25427

27837

28713

30126

..

1.0

Hydro

24747

24987

25123

25117

25128

25175

..

0.1

4293

4292

4302

4303

4303

4303

..

0.0

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

2

7

15

25

77

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

240

240

240

240

240

..

-

Wind

-

3

57

1412

2220

3422

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

732

735

827

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

232

270

265

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

89

95

120

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

566

590

513

768

979

1158

..

4.1

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

396

413

359

538

685

811

..

4.1

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

202 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FRANCE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

59534 e

78689

76033

69120

73750

80460

75958

1.7

Hydro

57331

75922

71817

61442

63579

68325

61550

1.0

3527

2997

4680

5281

5475

4599

4641

1.5

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

5

12

16

41

164

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

571

568

573

519

519

513

491

-0.6

Wind

-

5

77

2182

4060

5689

7750

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

371

1081

1594

1793

1888

1924

12.6 12.7

Tide, wave, ocean

222 e

Municipal waste renew.

221 e

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

371

1081

1594

1793

1888

1924

1116

1368

1090

1250

1364

1433

1460

1.4

73

83

309

527

626

683

695

13.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.6

of which: Electricity only plants

58377 e

76630

73979

67185

71431

78006

..

Hydro

57331

75922

71817

61442

63579

68325

..

1.0

3527

2997

4680

5281

5475

4599

..

1.5

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

5

12

16

41

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

571

568

573

519

519

513

..

-0.6

Wind

-

5

77

2182

4060

5689

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

Municipal waste renew.

222 e

46

487

1064

1130

1181

..

9.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

221 e

46

487

1064

1130

1181

..

9.8

-

-

278

444

459

482

..

-

32

42

255

458

538

594

..

17.6

Solid biomass Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

1157

2059

2054

1935

2319

2454

..

4.3

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

325

594

530

663

707

..

-

Liquid biomass

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

-

325

594

530

663

707

..

-

1116

1368

812

806

905

951

..

-0.9

41

41

54

69

88

89

..

4.4

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 203

FRANCE (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

19997

23048

23992

20408

20932

21336

21336

0.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

9999 e

11524 e

11996

10204

10466

10668

10668

0.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

9998 e

11524 e

11996

10204

10466

10668

10668

0.4

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

16237

17814

15548

16170

16574

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

8119 e

8907

7774

8085

8287

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

8118 e

8907

7774

8085

8287

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

19997

6811

6178

4860

4762

4762

..

-7.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

Heat only plants

Municipal waste renew.

9999 e

3405 e

3089

2430

2381

2381

..

-7.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

9998 e

3406 e

3089

2430

2381

2381

..

-7.7

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

204 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FRANCE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

5480 5480 -5398 -83 63726 63726 -

Wind

489 489 -462 -27 5689 5689 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

44 44 -44 513 513 -

Solar PV

4 4 -3 -1 41 41 -

Geothermal

114 114 114 114 80 27 8 -

Solar thermal

44 44 44 44 39 5 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

1164 1164 -7 -357 -91 -323 -26 -91 268 268 268 1888 1181 707 10668 8287 2381

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 205

FRANCE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

1164 1164 -7 -357 -91 -323 -26 -91 268 268 268 1888 1181 707 10668 8287 2381

Wood/ wood waste

8917 8917 -81 -159 8678 1968 102 564 1302 6710 6670 40 1433 482 951 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

379 379 -330 -26 23 23 23 620 571 49 -

44 44 -7 -2 35 35 35 43 23 20 -

Other biogas

29 29 -5 23 20 20 3 3 20 20 -

Biogasoline

377 71 -37 -1 410 1 411 411 411 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

1575 323 -19 -20 1860 1 1861 1861 1861 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

19824 394 -56 -21 20142 2 -5921 -1243 -182 -838 -52 -182 11725 1988 122 564 1302 2272 2272 7465 6789 629 48 75861 73407 2454 21336 16574 4762

Share in total energy sources

14.5% 0.2% 0.2% x 7.6% x x x x x x x 7.1% 6.0% 2.6% 22.0% 80.4% 5.1% 5.5% 10.1% 15.9% 3.3% 1.3% 13.3% 13.4% 10.4% 13.6% 10.9% 100.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

206 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FRANCE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

4624 4624 4624 4624

5523 5523 5523 5523

5275 5275 5275 5275

4789 4789 4789 4789

4549 4549 4549 4549

4777 4777 4777 4777

4983 4983 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

814 814 814 814

820 820 820 820

693 693 693 693

1166 1166 1166 1166

1477 1477 1477 1477

1839 1839 1839 1839

2168 2168 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

38877 38877 32519 6358 6358

46041 46041 1 35625 10417 10417

47564 47564 1 36640 10925 10925

48732 48732 37496 11236 11236

50563 50563 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.0 4.0 x 2.5 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

23991 e 23991 e 23991 e -

30185 30185 26954 3231 3231

e

e e

e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 207

FRANCE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

38877 38877 32519 6358 6358

46041 46041 1 35625 10417 10417

47564 47564 1 36640 10925 10925

48732 48732 37496 11236 11236

50563 50563 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.0 4.0 x 2.5 -

401480 401480 9172 392308 63581 328727

353091 353091 7019 346072 64700 281372

355894 355894 8922 346972 69437 277535

352809 352809 9562 343247 78066 265181

373421 373421 10040 363381 82396 280985

393777 393777 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-0.5 -0.5 x 2.2 -0.6 1.6 -1.1

326 326 293 33 33

5791 5791 5212 579 579

12212 12212 11325 887 887

14174 14174 1 13254 921 921

15880 15880 14917 963 963

9485 9485 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

26.5 26.5 x 26.8 22.5 22.5

2439 2439 470 1969 1969

2419 2419 466 1953 1953

2279 2279 529 1750 1750

2169 2169 493 1676 1676

1850 1850 393 1457 1457

1755 1755 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.6 -1.0 -1.7 -1.7

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

23991 e 23991 e 23991 e -

30184 30184 26953 3231 3231

e

e e

e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

409016 409016 1 6780 402237 62328 339909

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

232 e 232 e 207 e 25 25

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

2457 2457 474 1983 1983

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

208 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

FRANCE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

346 346 31 315 315 -

666 666 35 631 518 113

913 913 31 882 738 144

1137 1137 193 944 798 146

1196 1196 -1 176 1019 874 145

1195 1195 216 979 842 137

1238 1238 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.1 7.1 x 11.4 6.5 5.6 -

-

38000 38000 38000 38000

92500 -1500 91000 91000 91000

231614 -68614 163000 163000 163000

412700 23300 436000 436000 436000

589400 53300 -700 642000 642000 642000

634400 72800 -3200 704000 .. ..

x -

-

153377 -377 153000 153000 153000

299881 8394 -275 308000 308000 308000

591697 39384 57919 689000 689000 689000

954300 345700 -9000 1291000 1291000 1291000

1762500 341600 -22100 2082000 1000 2083000 2083000

2104900 221200 -2100 2324000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 209

GERMANY

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

210 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GERMANY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (15.6%)

Other* (0.3%)

Oil (34.6%)

Nuclear (11.3%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (77.5%)

Hydro (28.2%)

Biogas (7.7%)

Renewables (1.5%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (71.4%)

Other** (0.5%)

Renew. mun. waste (14.8%) Coal (36.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

5.32 Mtoe

3.80 Mtoe

351 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.6%)

Gas (24.0%)

Nuclear (11.0%)

Renewables (9.1%)

Hydro (5.2%)

Other** (16.1%)

Liquid biomass (18.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (78.7%)

Oil (32.6%)

Renew. mun. waste (11.4%)

Coal (22.7%)

TPES(1)

Biogas (21.9%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (48.2%)

319 Mtoe

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

28.88 Mtoe

22.74 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 120 100

TWh

80 60 40 20 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 211

GERMANY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

351.40 5.32

337.05 6.09

337.29 9.09

341.24 19.87

332.90 27.03

335.28 27.15

318.83 28.88

-0.3 9.5

Renewables/TPES(%)

1.5

1.8

2.7

5.8

8.1

8.1

9.1

9.8

1543.20

1720.46

1900.22

2019.37

2069.15

2095.18

2027.79

1.7

0.23

0.20

0.18

0.17

0.16

0.16

0.16

-1.9 -1.9

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

128

110

100

95

91

90

89

79.36

81.66

82.19

82.37

82.26

82.12

82.05

0.2

4.43

4.13

4.10

4.14

4.05

4.08

3.89

-0.4

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

547.7

532.8

572.3

629.4

629.5

631.2

590.7

0.8

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

19.09

25.93

35.48

70.49

87.56

90.31

95.27

9.0

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

3.5

4.9

6.2

11.2

13.9

14.3

16.1

8.2

50.5

54.1

56.3

52.4

51.3

50.0

..

-0.1

-

0.03

0.22

3.47

3.83

3.08

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.4 6.6 7.5 6.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

7815

11342

17135

36572

40928

44295

..

10.1

Hydro

6851

8876

8982

8995

10067

10001

..

2.1

-

4528

4654 e

4854

6552

6494

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

1

3

7

..

-

Solar photovoltaic

2

18

114

2831

3811

5333

..

55.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

48

1137

6095

20622

22247

23895

..

41.2

of which: pumped storage

Wind Industrial waste

253 e

494 e

885 e

137

..

-3.4

Municipal waste

550

509

585

1369

14

1301

137 e

1301

..

4.9

Solid biomass

22 e

79

129

1094

1300

1380

..

25.9

Biogas

89 e

229

345

1409

1665

1844

..

18.3

-

-

-

237

397

397

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

350

1426

2890

8610

9510

11310

..

21.3

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

245

998

2023

6027

6657

7917

..

21.3

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

212 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GERMANY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

25049

35665

45495

81569

100319

101194

107847

8.1

Hydro

19791

26250

25962

27304

28457

26963

23500

1.7

2365

4470

7373

7554

6021

6057

5.3

of which: pumped storage

4230 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

18

19

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

7

60

2220

3075

4420

6200

59.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

71

1712

9352

30710

39713

40574

37809

42.3

Industrial waste

2373

3915

3946

70

683

356

1473

-10.0

Municipal waste renew.

1219

1348

1844

3639

4521

4506

5050

7.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

1218

1348

1844

3639

4521

4506

5050

7.5

Solid biomass

129

496

804

6518

8374

8960

12957

26.6

Biogas

247

589

1683

6155

8351

8309

12481

21.6

-

-

-

1314

2624

2582

3308

-

Electricity only plants

25049

35665

45495

60304

93796

94788

..

7.7

Hydro

19791

26250

25962

27304

28457

26963

..

1.7

2365

4470

7373

7554

6021

..

5.3

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage

4230 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

18

..

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

7

60

2220

3075

4420

..

59.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

71

1712

9352

30710

39713

40574

..

42.3

Industrial waste

2373

3915

3946

70

69

65

..

-18.1

Municipal waste renew.

1219

1348

1844

-

3373

3358

..

5.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

1218

1348

1844

-

3373

3358

..

5.8

Solid biomass

129

496

804

-

6973

7331

..

25.2

Biogas

20.6

Wind

247

589

1683

-

7219

7166

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

1544

1535

..

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

21265

6523

6406

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

614

291

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

3639

1148

1148

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

3639

1148

1148

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

6518

1401

1629

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

6155

1132

1143

..

-

1314 1080 1047 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 213

GERMANY (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

19771

21224 e

19368

44810

49867

55936

59452

5.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

577

576

587

595

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10874

11460 e

10652

17679

19735

21876

23263

4.0

8897

9376

8716

17679

19735

21876

23262

5.1

Solid biomass

-

388

-

7827

8726

10506

11172

-

Biogas

-

-

-

973

923

918

976

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

75

172

173

184

-

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew.

of which: CHP plants

19771

19368

37934

31994

37042

..

3.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

21224 e

10874

11460 e

10652

16432

13380

15124

..

1.8

8897

9376

8716

16432

13380

15124

..

3.0

Solid biomass

-

388

-

4398

4696

6239

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

609

439

455

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

63

99

100

..

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

6876

17873

18894

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

577

576

587

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

1247

6355

6752

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

1247

6355

6752

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

3429

4030

4267

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

364

484

463

..

-

12 73 73 Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

214 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GERMANY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1801 1801 -1772 -29 20942 20942 -

Wind

3489 3489 -3483 -6 40574 40574 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

380 380 -380 -1 4420 4420 -

Geothermal

246 246 -16 -28 202 202 202 18 18 587 587

Solar thermal

355 355 355 355 355 -

Industrial waste

71 71 -15 -52 -3 356 65 291 -

Mun. waste renew.

2461 2461 -967 -735 -3 -279 477 477 52 2 377 46 4506 3358 1148 21876 15124 6752

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 215

GERMANY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

2461 2461 -967 -735 -3 -279 477 477 52 2 377 46 4506 3358 1148 21876 15124 6752

Wood/ wood waste

10398 10398 -2540 -160 -399 -205 -211 -1 6882 1532 23 1 262 4 9 45 307 723 2 157 5349 5349 8960 7331 1629 10506 6239 4267

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

350 350 -332 -8 -9 2 2 1 941 915 26 460 159 301

389 389 -2 -282 -2 -1 -58 -25 18 5 1 4 13 13 1021 6 1015 156 123 33

Other biogas

2956 2956 -2326 -11 -12 -12 -6 589 589 558 1 2 5 23 6347 6245 102 302 173 129

Biogasoline

400 14 -17 397 397 397 397 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

2808 11 -133 2685 2685 2685 2685 -

1247 1247 -487 -87 -10 -196 -5 461 461 2 2 1 8 444 1 2582 1535 1047 173 100 73

Total renew. & waste sources

29812 25 -150 29686 -13270 -311 -2181 -473 -818 -62 -25 12545 3543 685 5 1020 6 12 1 62 866 724 2 157 3082 3082 5919 5906 13 95173 88767 6406 55936 37042 18894

Share in total energy sources

22.2% 0.0% 0.4% 8.9% x x x x x x x 5.3% 6.4% 6.3% 0.2% 15.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 1.4% 14.1% 50.9% 0.3% 2.6% 5.7% 6.2% 5.8% 8.7% 0.0% 15.1% 16.1% 8.1% 11.7% 10.4% 15.2%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

216 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GERMANY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

292 e 292 292 292

5130 5130 5130 5130

5159 5159 5159 5159

466 466 466 466

1584 1584 1584 1584

4603 4603 4603 4603

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

8867 8867 1167 7700 7700

10295 10295 1824 8471 8471

18974 18974 .. .. .. .. .. ..

21.9 21.9 20.6 20.6

11783 11783 11783 11783

13199 13199 13199 13199

14872 14872 14872 14872

17030 17030 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

7560 e 7560 e 1160 e 6400 6400

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

20526 e 20526 e 20526 e -

37719 e 37719 e 37719 e -

43047 e 43047 e 43047 e -

763 763 763 -

12165 12165 6172 150 5843 5843 -

2985 2985 2842 143 -

17676 17676 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-10.2 -10.2 -10.4 -

23512 e 23512 e 23512 e -

24622 e 24622 e 24622 e -

29674 e 29674 e 29674 e -

38475 38475 38475 -

103274 103274 83427 19847 19847 -

103062 103062 83076 19986 19986 -

109000 109000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.6 8.6 7.3 -

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 217

GERMANY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

22428 e 22428 e 22428 e -

27344 e 27344 e 27344 e -

38475 38475 38475 -

103274 103274 83427 19847 19847 -

103062 103062 83076 19986 19986 -

109000 109000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.1 9.1 7.8 -

e

354818 354818 104368 250450 57896 192554

410551 410551 139150 271401 63401 208000

435408 435408 147180 55 288173 64173 224000

459000 459000 .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.3 7.3 21.2 5.1 4.9 5.1

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

21323 e 21323 e 21323 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

123259 123259 4644 118615 27337 91278

e

e

e e

124000 e 124000 16172 e 107828 16216 91612

196434 196434 13805 182629 14000 168629

e

e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

-

9650 e 9650 e 7550 e 2100 2100 -

11314 11314 11314 -

14475 14475 14407 68 68 -

14646 14646 14578 68 68 -

15000 15000 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

10191 e 10191 e 7691 e 2500 2500 -

16048 16048 12904 3144 -

16099 16099 11897 2411 1065 726 192 534

16289 16289 12021 2441 1065 762 228 534

16500 16500 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

218 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GERMANY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

12231 12231 6360 5871 5871 -

13946 13946 10656 3290 3290 -

-

-

-

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

42359 42359 42359 -

123386 123386 98974 24412 24412 -

123766 123766 99112 24654 24654 -

177000 177000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.7 13.7 16.5 8.3 8.3 -

-

501000 11000 512000 512000 512000

460765 3000 235 464000 464000 464000

628000 -4000 624000 624000 624000

903000 1000 904000 .. ..

x -

35000 35000 35000 35000

250000 250000 250000 250000

3598000 -70000 3528000 -6000 3522000 3522000

4000439 -19000 -439 3981000 3981000 3981000

3165000 -138000 3027000 3027000 3027000

2617000 2617000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

369629 369629 369629 -

2726165 2726165 1894927 831238 831238 -

2498681 2498681 1575693 922988 922988 -

2600000 2600000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

3500 e 3500 e 3119 e 381 381 -

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 219

GREECE

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

220 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GREECE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Oil (56.3%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (99.9%)

Hydro (13.8%) Other** (5.4%)

Other* (0.3%)

Renewables (5.2%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (80.9%)

Gas (0.6%) Coal (37.6%)

TPES(1)

Biogas (0.1%)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1.10 Mtoe

0.89 Mtoe

21 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Oil (54.8%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (89.2%)

Hydro (23.3%)

Other* (1.3%)

Biogas (3.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (55.2%)

Renewables (6.0%)

Liquid biomass (7.1%)

Other** (21.5%)

Gas (10.2%) Coal (27.6%)

TPES(1) 29 Mtoe

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

1.75 Mtoe

0.96 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 221

GREECE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

21.44 1.10

22.68 1.29

27.09 1.40

30.22 1.78

30.22 1.73

30.42 1.71

29.05 1.75

2.0 2.5

Renewables/TPES(%)

5.2

5.7

5.2

5.9

5.7

5.6

6.0

0.5

100.82

107.27

127.09

162.25

169.50

172.92

171.00

3.0

0.21

0.21

0.21

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.17

-1.0

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

100

99

100

87

84

83

80

-1.0

10.34

10.63

10.92

11.15

11.19

11.24

11.25

0.5

TPES/population (toe per capita)

2.07

2.13

2.48

2.71

2.70

2.71

2.58

1.5

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

34.8

41.3

53.4

60.2

62.7

62.9

54.9

3.3

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

1.77

3.56

4.14

7.68

4.59

5.75

6.91

6.8

5.1

8.6

7.8

12.8

7.3

9.1

12.6

3.3

3.9

4.6

5.3

6.4

6.7

6.5

..

2.9

-

-

-

0.05

0.09

0.07

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.7 1.3 1.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

2458

2600

3334

3922

4081

4293

..

3.1

Hydro

2408

2523

3072

3134

3150

3176

..

1.5

315

315

699

699

699

699

..

4.5

Geothermal

2

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

5

9

12

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

27

226

749

846

1022

..

47.0

Industrial waste

47

48

35

10

37

43

..

-0.5

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

1

24

39

40

..

-

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

1448

2101

2941

3296

3573

3871

..

5.6

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

1014

1471

2059

2307

2501

2710

..

5.6

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

222 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GREECE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

1999

3920

4725

8314

5404

6606

7844

6.9

Hydro

1997

3782

4111

6475

3376

4149

5653

4.1

228

253

418

610

785

837

912

7.5

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

1

5

5

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

34

451

1699

1818

2242

1986

47.7

Industrial waste

-

103

163

25

25

19

19

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

114

184

191

181

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

1999

3817

4562

8260

5355

6567

..

6.8

Hydro

1997

3782

4111

6475

3376

4149

..

4.1

228

253

418

610

785

837

..

7.5 -

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

1

1

5

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

34

451

1699

1818

2242

..

47.7

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

85

160

171

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

103

163

54

49

39

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

103

163

25

25

19

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

29

24

20

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 223

GREECE (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

224 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GREECE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

285 285 -285 3312 3312 -

Wind

193 193 -193 2242 2242 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

5 5 -

Geothermal

17 17 17 17 8 7 2 -

Solar thermal

173 173 173 173 170 3 -

Industrial waste

4 4 -4 19 19 -

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 225

GREECE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

893 e 893 -2 e 891 263 3 236 25 628 613 15 -

Charcoal

50 50 1 50 50 50 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

28 28 -28 171 171 -

5 5 -5 1 1 1 20 20 -

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

63 6 69 69 69 69 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

1661 56 1717 -506 -9 -1 1201 263 3 236 25 69 69 869 841 4 22 2 5769 5730 39 -

Share in total energy sources

16.8% 0.2% 5.6% x x x 5.7% 6.3% 0.3% 36.0% 48.5% 0.9% 1.1% 10.2% 16.1% 0.2% 2.0% 99.7% 9.2% 10.8% 0.4% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

226 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GREECE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

108 108 108 108

115 115 115 115

67 67 67 67

474 474 474 474

602 602 602 602

712 712 712 712

940 940 .. .. .. .. .. ..

11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0

2363 2363 2363 2363

3442 3442 3442 3442

4138 4138 4138 4138

4568 4568 4568 15 4553

6687 6687 6687 6687

7247 7247 7247 7247

7632 7632 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4

-

1560 1560 1560 -

2662 2662 2662 -

233 233 233 -

233 233 233 -

168 168 168 -

168 168 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 227

GREECE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

37384 37384 37384 7991 29393

37556 37556 24 37532 8139 29393

39547 39547 39547 9741 29806

38990 38990 38990 9154 29836

-

-

-

-

-

39 39 39 39

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

42230 e 42230 e 155 e 42075 9847 32228

37403 e 37403 e 78 e 37325 11028 26297

34000 34000 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.0 0.0 -0.0 1.8 -0.6

969 969 969 -

1239 1239 1239 -

1185 1185 1185 -

1200 1200 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

402 402 161 241 241

226 226 132 94 94

218 218 197 21 21

300 300 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

228 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

GREECE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

19 19 19 19 -

30 30 30 28 2

13 13 13 13 -

10 10 10 10 -

11 11 11 11 -

8 8 8 8 -

10 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-4.7 -4.7 -4.7 -4.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

-

-

-

-

47743 3803 -546 51000 51000 51000

91863 2605 -468 94000 94000 94000

69356 6909 -265 76000 76000 76000

70000 5000 75000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

2 62 64 64 64

1 67 68 68 68

1 66 67 .. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 229

HUNGARY

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

230 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

HUNGARY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (3.4%)

Gas (31.1%)

Nuclear (12.5%)

Hydro (2.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (98.2%)

Other** (11.5%)

Renewables (2.6%)

Coal (21.3%)

Oil (29.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (1.8%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (86.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

29 Mtoe

0.75 Mtoe

0.64 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (2.2%) Nuclear (16.2%)

Gas (36.6%)

Hydro (1.1%) Other** (7.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (85.7%)

Biogas (1.6%)

Renewables (7.4%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (91.6%)

Coal (10.5%)

Oil (27.1%)

Liquid biomass (10.0%) Renew. mun. waste (2.7%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

25 Mtoe

1.84 Mtoe

1.68 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 3.5 3

TWh

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 231

HUNGARY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

28.66 0.75

25.87 0.87

25.00 0.83

27.33 1.23

26.73 1.37

26.46 1.59

24.86 1.84

-0.4 4.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

2.6

3.4

3.3

4.5

5.1

6.0

7.4

4.8

43.99

39.03

47.29

60.51

61.10

61.49

59.82

1.9

0.65

0.66

0.53

0.45

0.44

0.43

0.42

-2.3

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

123

125

100

85

83

81

79

-2.3

10.37

10.33

10.21

10.07

10.06

10.04

10.01

-0.2

TPES/population (toe per capita)

2.76

2.51

2.45

2.71

2.66

2.64

2.48

-0.3

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

28.4

34.0

35.2

35.9

40.0

40.0

35.9

1.9

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.20

0.22

0.24

1.49

1.88

2.36

2.89

14.8

0.7

0.6

0.7

4.2

4.7

5.9

8.0

12.7

2.6

2.3

2.9

4.1

4.3

4.4

..

2.9

-

-

-

0.01

0.03

0.16

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.3 0.7 3.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

72

78

79

454

478

604

..

12.5

Hydro

48

48

48

49

49

51

..

0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

1

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

33

61

134

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Industrial waste

-

1

1

7

1

1

..

-

Municipal waste

24

24

24

29

42

42

..

3.2

Solid biomass

-

5

5

328

306

356

..

-

Biogas

-

-

1

8

19

19

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

20

27

36

55

65

100

..

9.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

14

19

25

39

46

70

..

9.4

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

232 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

HUNGARY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1625

2029

2471

3005

14.6

178

186

210

213

228

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

43

110

205

331

-

Total electricity1

212 e

266 e

298 e

Hydro

178

163

-

Geothermal

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

38

5

5

5

-

Municipal waste renew.

17 e

48 e

55 e

94

141

109

111

10.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

55 e

Industrial waste

17 e

47 e

94

141

109

111

10.9

Solid biomass

-

8

10

1133

1374

1760

2145

-

Biogas

-

-

-

37

48

69

73

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

178

163

178

1395

1772

2157

..

14.9

Hydro

178

163

178

186

210

213

..

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

1

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

43

110

205

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

38

5

5

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

11

58

24

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

11

58

24

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

1106

1331

1685

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

230

257

314

..

13.1 -

of which:

of which: pumped storage

CHP plants

34 e

103 e

120 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

17 e

48 e

55 e

83

83

85

..

9.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

17 e

47 e

55 e

83

83

85

..

9.4

Solid biomass

-

8

10

27

43

75

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

37

48

69

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 233

HUNGARY (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

558

1168

1180

1666

1920

2143

2093

7.8

Geothermal

-

264

218

168

196

201

221

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

159 e

336 e

408 e

509

498

538

535

7.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

159 e

336 e

407 e

509

498

538

535

7.0

Solid biomass

240

232

147

478

726

864

800

7.4

Biogas

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

318

746

890

1268

1446

1744

..

9.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

159 e

336 e

408 e

509

498

538

..

7.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

of which:

159 e

336 e

407 e

509

498

538

..

7.0

Solid biomass

-

74

75

249

449

667

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

422

290

398

474

399

..

2.9

Geothermal

-

264

218

168

196

201

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240

158

72

229

277

197

..

-1.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Heat only plants

Solid biomass Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

234 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

HUNGARY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

18 18 -18 213 213 -

Wind

18 18 -18 205 205 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

1 1 -

Geothermal

96 96 -5 91 1 1 89 76 14 201 201

Solar thermal

4 4 4 4 4 1 1

Industrial waste

22 22 -2 20 20 20 5 5 -

Mun. waste renew.

46 46 -7 -39 109 24 85 538 538 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 235

HUNGARY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

46 46 -7 -39 109 24 85 538 538 -

Wood/ wood waste

1244 25 -49 1220 -514 -51 -1 -6 647 99 30 27 12 27 2 548 465 75 8 1760 1685 75 864 667 197

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

2 2 -1 -1 8 8 -

8 8 -3 -3 2 2 2 24 24 1 1 -

Other biogas

12 12 -6 -2 3 3 3 37 37 -

Biogasoline

39 13 e -6 e -1 e 46 46 46 46 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

123 28 e -33 e 4 e 122 -4 118 118 118 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

1678 66 -88 3 1660 -4 -566 -129 -11 -11 -6 931 120 50 1 27 12 27 2 164 164 646 469 153 25 2471 2157 314 2143 1744 399

Share in total energy sources

16.0% 0.3% 2.0% x 6.3% x x x x x x 5.0% 3.9% 7.6% 0.4% 5.9% 7.2% 49.2% 2.3% 3.6% 3.8% 7.3% 8.4% 5.5% 4.7% 6.2% 6.9% 3.6% 3.8% 4.4% 2.4%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

236 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

HUNGARY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

3600 3600 3600 3600

3600 3600 294 3306 3306

3600 3600 242 3358 3358

3600 3600 195 3405 59 3346

3600 3600 221 3379 52 3327

4000 4000 210 3790 53 3737

4272 4272 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2

-

-

-

83 83 1 82 82

105 105 1 104 104

159 159 1 158 158

191 191 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

1156 1156 405 751 751 -

846 846 54 792 792 -

919 919 64 855 855 -

950 950 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

1961 1961 1961 -

1694 570 2264 2264 -

1931 1931 1931 -

1930 1930 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.9 7.9 7.9 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

494 e 494 e 494 e -

1085 e 1085 e 1085 e -

1218 e 1218 e 1218 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 237

HUNGARY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1961 1961 1961 -

1694 570 2264 2264 -

1931 1931 1931 -

1930 1930 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.9 7.9 7.9 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

494 e 494 e 494 e -

1085 e 1085 e 1085 e -

1218 e 1218 e 1218 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

28331 -1158 -674 26499 636 25863 121 25742

31095 31095 349 30746 1860 28886

29295 29295 240 29055 2513 26542

44576 -435 44141 15032 29109 4298 24811

47984 195 48179 17731 30448 4374 26074

52094 -1026 51068 23988 27080 4134 22946

61802 -1406 60396 .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.4 -0.7 x 3.7 22.3 0.3 21.7 -0.6

-

-

-

46 46 25 17 4 4

85 85 49 31 5 5

86 86 48 35 3 3

105 105 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

337 337 102 145 90 90

365 365 97 137 131 131

337 337 108 140 89 89

422 422 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

238 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

HUNGARY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

6 6 6 6 -

129 129 64 44 21 21

250 250 109 79 62 62

490 490 256 101 133 133

586 586 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

16785 215 17000 17000 17000

14210 28353 -563 42000 42000 42000

65128 8574 -702 73000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

991 -991 -

9291 -3363 -3928 2000 2000 2000

136989 -5359 5370 137000 -5000 132000 132000

125430 13068 -1498 137000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

62135 11168 e -303 e 73000 e 73000 73000

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

e e e e

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 239

ICELAND

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

240 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ICELAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990

Oil (29.9%) Hydro (25.8%) Renewables (67.0%) Other** (74.2%) Coal (3.1%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

2 Mtoe

1.40 Mtoe

0.00 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated

Oil (15.2%)

Hydro (22.9%)

Renewables (83.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (0.1%)

Other** (77.0%)

Coal (1.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (83.7%)

Biogas (16.3%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

6 Mtoe

4.61 Mtoe

0.00 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 241

ICELAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

2.09 1.40

2.25 1.56

3.10 2.30

4.16 3.26

4.89 3.95

5.25 4.35

5.52 4.61

5.3 6.5

Renewables/TPES(%)

67.0

69.5

74.4

78.3

80.7

82.8

83.4

1.2

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars)

6.76

6.85

8.70

11.20

11.82

11.98

11.37

3.2

TPES/GDP(2)

0.31

0.33

0.36

0.37

0.41

0.44

0.49

2.0

87

92

100

104

116

123

136

2.0

Population (millions)

0.26

0.27

0.28

0.30

0.31

0.32

0.32

1.3

TPES/population (toe per capita)

8.19

8.44

11.03

13.68

15.74

16.47

17.31

4.0

4.5

5.0

7.7

9.9

12.0

16.5

16.8

7.5

4.50

4.97

7.68

9.93

11.97

16.47

16.83

7.5

99.9

99.8

99.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

..

2.5

-

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

..

-

-

-

TPES (Mtoe)

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

802

935

1236

1586

2244

2455

..

6.4

Hydro

756

884

1064

1163

1758

1879

..

5.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

46

51

172

422

485

575

..

15.1

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

242 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ICELAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

4504

4972

7679

9926

11975

16465

16833

7.5

Hydro

4204

4682

6356

7293

8394

12427

12279

6.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

300

290

1323

2631

3579

4038

4553

15.5

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

1

-

-

1

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

4504

4865

6830

8494

10552

14906

..

6.9

Hydro

4204

4682

6356

7293

8394

12427

..

6.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

300

183

474

1199

2156

2479

..

12.4

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

107

849

1432

1423

1559

..

-

Geothermal

-

107

849

1432

1423

1559

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 243

ICELAND (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

4819

7457

7414

9675

8555

10229

10223

4.3

Geothermal

4819

7421

7369

9619

8515

10195

10195

4.3

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

18 e

23 e

28

20

17

14

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

18 e

22 e

28

20

17

14

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

4247

7103

6967

8709

7800

9500

..

4.6

Geothermal

4247

7103

6967

8709

7800

9500

..

4.6

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

572

354

447

966

755

729

..

1.4

Geothermal

of which:

572

318

402

910

715

695

..

1.1

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

18 e

23 e

28

20

17

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

18 e

22 e

28

20

17

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

244 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ICELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1069 1069 -1069 12427 12427 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

Wind

-

-

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

3282 e 3282 -2 -1706 -1027 -33 e -140 374 11 11 363 258 69 11 26 4038 2479 1559 10195 9500 695

Solar thermal

Industrial waste

-

-

Mun. waste renew.

2 2 -1 -1 1 1 17 17

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 245

ICELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

2 2 -1 -1 17 17

Wood/ wood waste

Charcoal

-

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

4355 4355 -2 -2777 -1027 -35 -140 374 11 11 363 258 69 11 26 16466 14907 1559 10229 9500 729

Share in total energy sources

100.0% 82.9% x x x x x 13.3% 0.8% 31.4% 37.5% 51.7% 33.8% 26.7% 11.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 93.8% 100.0% 52.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

246 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ICELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

43493 43493 18764 1726 23003 1897 21106

48640 48640 25649 2863 20128 1828 18300

73600 73600 47272 3387 22941 2415 20526

110100 110100 86325 2847 20928 1500 19428

135000 135000 -159 110474 5400 18967 758 18209

137453 e 137453 -74 115840 5876 15663 472 15191

148537 148537 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.6 6.6 x 10.6 x -2.1 -7.4 -1.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

23 e 23 e 23 e -

28 e 28 e 28 e -

49 e 49 e 49 e -

126 126 126 -

77 77 77 -

77 77 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 247

ICELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

35 35 35 -

126 126 126 -

77 77 77 -

77 77 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

22 e 22 e 22 e -

28 e 28 e 28 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

12 12 12 -

11 11 2 9 9 -

15 15 2 13 13 -

15 15 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

248 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ICELAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

334 -334 -

334 -334 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 249

IRELAND

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

250 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IRELAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (18.7%)

Other* (13.7%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (97.9%)

Hydro (35.7%) Renewables (1.7%)

Other** (0.1%)

Coal (21.1%)

Oil (44.8%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (64.2%)

Biogas (2.1%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

10 Mtoe

0.17 Mtoe

0.11 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (30.6%)

Hydro (12.7%) Solid biomass/charcoal (65.0%)

Other* (6.2%)

Renewables (4.4%)

Coal (9.0%)

Biogas (12.2%) Other** (43.1%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (44.2%)

Oil (49.9%)

Liquid biomass (22.8%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

14 Mtoe

0.61 Mtoe

0.27 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 251

IRELAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

9.99 0.17

10.63 0.15

13.70 0.23

14.68 0.42

15.00 0.47

14.98 0.57

14.01 0.61

2.3 7.0

Renewables/TPES(%)

1.7

1.5

1.7

2.9

3.1

3.8

4.4

4.6

48.66

61.03

96.58

132.81

140.81

136.54

129.28

5.9

0.21

0.17

0.14

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

-3.4

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

145

123

100

78

75

77

76

-3.4

Population (millions)

3.51

3.60

3.80

4.25

4.36

4.44

4.51

1.3

TPES/population (toe per capita)

2.85

2.95

3.61

3.45

3.44

3.37

3.10

0.9

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

14.2

17.6

23.7

27.1

27.9

29.4

27.3

4.1

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.70

0.73

1.19

2.48

2.76

3.54

4.04

9.4

4.9

4.1

5.0

9.1

9.9

12.1

14.8

5.1

1.6

1.9

3.3

4.4

4.6

4.4

..

6.0

-

-

-

0.00

0.02

0.05

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.5 1.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

513

523

658

1297

1408

1588

..

6.5

Hydro

513

517

528

526

526

531

..

0.2

290

290

292

292

292

292

..

0.0

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

6

115

746

855

1028

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

15

25

27

29

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

2

2

4

16

35

79

..

22.7

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

1

1

3

11

25

55

..

24.9

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

252 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IRELAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

983

984

1489

2839

3106

3871

4393

7.9

Hydro

983

968

1150

1088

1016

1300

1257

1.6

286

255

304

364

349

331

355

0.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

16

244

1622

1958

2410

2955

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

9

13

33

64

-

Biogas

-

-

95

120

119

128

117

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

983

984

1489

2819

3076

3838

..

7.9

Hydro

983

968

1150

1088

1016

1300

..

1.6

286

255

304

364

349

331

..

0.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

16

244

1622

1958

2410

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

1

-

17

..

-

Biogas

-

-

95

108

102

111

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

20

30

33

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

8

13

16

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

12

17

17

..

-

of which: pumped storage

of which:

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 253

IRELAND (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

254 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IRELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

83 83 -83 969 969 -

Wind

207 207 -207 2410 2410 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

4 4 4 4 3 1 -

Solar thermal

3 3 3 3 3 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 255

IRELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

167 11 178 -4 -4 171 137 10 40 88 34 23 10 1 33 17 16 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

26 26 -26 111 111 -

8 8 -5 3 3 3 17 17 -

Biogasoline

Other biogas

1 1 1 1 1 -

16 1 17 -1 16 16 16 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

19 16 35 35 35 35 -

3 3 3 3 3 -

Total renew. & waste sources

521 43 1 565 -1 -320 -9 236 138 10 41 88 54 54 44 29 14 1 3540 3507 33 -

Share in total energy sources

34.3% 0.3% x 3.8% x x x 1.9% 5.6% 1.9% 8.0% 68.2% 1.2% 1.2% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.3% 12.1% 12.8% 1.8% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

256 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IRELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

44 44 44 44

118 118 118 118

170 170 170 170

194 194 .. .. .. .. .. ..

28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0

2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

24 24 24 24

54 54 54 54

121 121 121 121

185 185 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 257

IRELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

4416 4416 4416 2545 1871

3725 3725 3725 2482 1243

4740 4740 4740 4020 720

7595 79 7674 112 7562 6801 761

7096 522 7618 138 7480 6310 1170

6993 471 7464 301 7163 5750 1413

6892 457 7349 .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.6 3.0 2.7 4.6 -1.5

-

-

988 988 988 -

1064 1064 1064 -

1001 1001 1001 -

1085 1085 1085 -

986 986 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

214 214 1 103 112 112

329 329 211 118 118

339 339 216 123 123

337 337 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

258 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

IRELAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

95 95 95 95 -

119 119 119 119 -

180 180 180 180 -

75 75 1 76 64 12

72 72 72 60 12

59 59 59 59 -

59 59 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.6 -2.6 x -2.6 -2.6 -

-

-

-

1018 -18 1000 1000 1000

1644 8725 -4370 5999 1 6000 6000

26609 1770 28379 -379 28000 28000

1300 32000 2700 36000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

788 214 1002 -2 1000 1000

14203 8208 -3411 19000 19000 19000

21365 17921 -720 38566 434 39000 39000

18250 30400 -4650 44000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

1685 -197 1488 -7 1481 1481 -

1956 -189 1767 1767 1767 -

3182 -41 3141 3141 3141 -

1740 270 -275 1735 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 259

ITALY

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

260 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ITALY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (26.6%)

Hydro (42.0%)

Other* (2.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (98.4%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (12.0%)

Renewables (4.4%)

Biogas (0.1%) Renew. mun. waste (1.4%)

Coal (10.0%) Other** (46.0%)

Oil (56.9%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

147 Mtoe

6.47 Mtoe

0.78 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (39.3%)

Biogas (7.7%)

Hydro (27.1%) Other* (2.8%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (54.7%)

Liquid biomass (26.7%)

Renewables (9.3%)

Coal (7.5%)

Oil (41.2%)

Other** (36.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (36.5%)

Renew. mun. waste (11.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

163 Mtoe

15.07 Mtoe

5.50 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 80 70

TWh

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 261

ITALY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

146.56 6.47

159.13 7.72

171.52 10.11

182.10 12.50

179.09 12.03

176.03 13.60

162.71 15.07

1.0 4.2

Renewables/TPES(%)

4.4

4.9

5.9

6.9

6.7

7.7

9.3

3.2

937.60

998.73

1097.34

1170.19

1188.49

1176.14

1127.74

1.3

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.15

0.15

0.14

-0.2

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

100

102

100

100

96

96

92

-0.2

56.72

56.84

56.94

58.94

59.38

59.89

59.74

0.3

2.58

2.80

3.01

3.09

3.02

2.94

2.72

0.7

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

213.1

237.4

269.9

307.7

308.2

313.5

285.7

2.2

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

34.91

41.46

50.89

50.63

47.72

58.16

66.03

2.9

16.4

17.5

18.8

16.5

15.5

18.6

23.1

0.7

30.9

34.7

36.9

39.0

39.1

37.5

..

1.1

-

-

-

0.16

0.14

0.72

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.4 0.4 1.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

19364

20520

22003

27001

27960

29637

..

2.4

Hydro

18770

19844

20346

21072

21117

21276

..

0.7

6188

6880

6957

7544

7544

7544

..

1.1

of which: pumped storage

496

470

590

671

671

671

..

1.7

Solar photovoltaic

4

16

19

45

87

432

..

29.7

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

3

22

363

1902

2702

3525

..

48.1

Geothermal

Industrial waste

-

-

-

31

27

24

..

-

Municipal waste

46

79

287

1063

1091

1113

..

19.4

1923

1936

2131

..

41.7

294

329

349

..

12.6

Solid biomass Biogas

4

68

218 e

41

21

180

-

-

-

-

-

116

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

120

174

271

866

1152

1476

..

15.0

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

84

122

190

606

806

1033

..

15.0

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

262 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ITALY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

38410 e

45754 e

58094 e

58702 e

55077 e

65465 e

71817

3.0

Hydro

35079

41907

50900

43425

38482

47227

51743

1.7

3453

4125

6695

6431

5666

5604

4209

2.7

4705

5527

5569

5520

5347

3.0

35

38

193

750

24.0

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

3222

3436

Solar photovoltaics

4

13

Solar thermal

-

-

Geothermal

18 e -

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

9

563

2971

4034

4861

6087

54.2

Industrial waste

16

87

112

179

184

143

150

12.9

Municipal waste renew.

37 e

85 e

402 e

1458 e

1512 e

1556 e

1431

23.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

36 e

84 e

402 e

1458 e

1512 e

1556 e

1431

23.3

Solid biomass

12

30

425

2313

2298

2746

2827

35.2

Biogas

2

103

567

1336

1448

1599

1537

45.0

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

64

514

-

2.7

of which: Electricity only plants

38378 e

45569 e

57120 e

55660 e

52132 e

62413 e

..

Hydro

35079

41907

50900

43425

38482

47227

..

1.7

3453

4125

6695

6431

5666

5604

..

2.7

4705

5527

5569

5520

..

3.0

35

38

193

..

24.0 -

of which: pumped storage

3222

3436

Solar photovoltaics

4

13

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

9

563

2971

4034

4861

..

54.2

Industrial waste

-

-

56

107

103

80

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

36 e

78 e

134 e

547 e

591 e

635 e

..

17.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

35 e

77 e

133 e

547 e

591 e

635 e

..

17.5

Geothermal

18 e

Solid biomass

-

14

87

1406

1563

1929

..

-

Biogas

-

35

524

1095

1161

1291

..

-

Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste

32 e

185 e

974 e

3042 e

2945 e

42

..

-

3052 e

..

28.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

16

87

56

72

81

63

..

7.9

Municipal waste renew.

1 e

7 e

268 e

911 e

921 e

921 e

..

46.1

Municipal waste non-renew.

1 e

7 e

269 e

911 e

921 e

921 e

..

46.1

Solid biomass Biogas

12

16

338

907

735

817

..

26.4

2

68

43

241

287

308

..

32.3

22 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 263

ITALY (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

13338

9776

10792

11034

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

194

137

134

140

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

4327 e

2780 e

3091 e

2900

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

4326 e

2779 e

3090 e

2900

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

3384

3390

3621

3750

-

Biogas

-

-

-

1107

690

685

544

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

171

800

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

13338

9776

10792

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

194

137

134

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

4327 e

2780 e

3091 e

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

4326 e

2779 e

3090 e

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

3384

3390

3621

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

1107

690

685

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

171

..

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

264 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ITALY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

3580 3580 -3504 -75 41623 41623 -

Wind

418 418 -418 4861 4861 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

17 17 -17 193 193 -

Geothermal

4959 4959 -4746 213 213 213 5520 5520 -

Solar thermal

67 67 67 67 67 -

Industrial waste

113 113 -19 -14 -18 62 62 62 143 80 63 134 134 -

Mun. waste renew.

639 639 -270 -14 -335 -21 1556 635 921 3091 3091 -

e

e e e e

e e e e e

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 265

ITALY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

639 639 -270 -14 -335 -21 1556 635 921 3090 3090 -

Wood/ wood waste

e

e e e e

e e e e e

2092 635 -4 2723 -603 -1 -276 -17 -206 1620 243 243 1377 1215 162 2746 1929 817 3621 3621 -

Charcoal

50 -2 48 100 148 38 6 32 110 110 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

340 340 -302 -2 -30 -5 1355 1202 153 314 314 -

3 3 -2 14 2 12 5 5 -

Other biogas

67 67 -10 -8 -43 -7 230 87 143 366 366 -

Biogasoline

58 58 58 58 58 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

597 213 -96 -48 665 665 665 665 -

17 17 -3 -5 -4 -4 64 42 22 171 171 -

Total renew. & waste sources

13606 898 -102 -48 14353 -10162 -133 -1025 -93 -106 2833 343 6 243 32 62 723 723 1767 1392 162 213 59861 56809 3052 10792 10792 -

Share in total energy sources

50.5% 0.5% 0.3% x 8.2% x x x x x 2.1% 1.0% 0.1% 3.1% 1.0% 2.3% 1.8% 1.9% 3.7% 5.1% 5.5% 63.0% 19.1% 27.0% 3.0% 5.4% 5.4% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

266 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ITALY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

124392 124392 115992 8400 8400

132612 132612 123696 8916 8916

178296 e 178296 e 169380 e 8916 8916

207901 207901 198985 8916 8916

209405 209405 200489 8916 8916

207647 207647 198731 8916 8916

201408 201408 .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.9 2.9 3.0 0.3 0.3

202 202 202 202

293 293 293 293

456 456 456 456

1457 1457 1457 1457

2186 2186 2186 2186

2800 2800 2800 2800

3600 3600 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7

3832 3832 1232 2600 e 2600 e -

5246 5246 2646 2600 2600 -

5262 5262 2662 2600 2600 -

4728 4728 2128 2600 2600 -

4810 4810 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -1.7 7.4 -4.4 -4.4 -

25300 25300 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

25.2 25.2 x 25.2 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

6408 6408 586 5822 5822 -

e

e

e e

4187 4187 712 3475 3475 -

e

e

e e

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

470 e 470 e 470 e -

2600 2600 -1419 1181 -

e

e e e

6992 e 6992 e -3400 3592 e -

26825 e 26825 e 26825 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

29309 e 29309 e 29309 e -

26756 e 26756 e 26756 e -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 267

ITALY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

6992 e 6992 e -3400 3592 e -

26825 e 26825 e 26825 e -

29309 e 29309 e 29309 e -

26755 e 26755 e 26755 e -

2009e

90-08

25300 25300 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

25.2 25.2 x 25.2 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

469 e 469 e 469 e -

2600 2600 -1420 1180 -

e

e e e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

28163 3843 32006 2943 29063 3390 25673

40950 9693 50643 e -1 4766 e 45876 6870 39006

49381 20388 69769 9910 59859 8667 51192

80326 37639 117965 40465 77500 8300 69200

71469 32990 104459 41408 63051 7000 56051

87602 26440 114042 46205 67837 10177 57660

93000 30640 123640 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.5 11.3 7.3 x 16.5 4.8 6.3 4.6

5345 5345 5345 -

12549 12549 12549 -

13176 13176 13176 -

14225 14225 14225 -

14800 14800 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

38 38 38 -

87 87 87 -

127 127 127 -

80 80 .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.3 6.3 6.3 -

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

821 821 821 -

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

42 e 42 e 42 e -

27 e 27 e 27 e -

54 e 54 e 54 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

268 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

ITALY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

2438 2438 2438 -

2977 2977 2977 -

2813 2813 2813 -

2800 2800 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

99 e 99 e 99 e -

81 e 81 e 81 e -

-

-

-

-

-

90186 -186 90000 90000 90000

183000 183000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

223000 223000 223000 180000

202000 202000 202000 158000

668000 131000 -54000 745000 745000 745000

796000 375000 16000 1187000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

19219 19219 19219 -

330000 330000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

78 39 117 117 28 89

129 63 192 192 21 171

156 64 220 220 20 200

136 65 201 201 51 150

140 72 212 .. .. .. ..

6.9 9.2 9.2 7.5

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

41 41 41 41

e

e e e

63 63 63 63

e

e e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 269

JAPAN

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

270 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

JAPAN Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (10.1%) Oil (57.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (94.8%)

Hydro (50.5%)

Nuclear (12.0%) Renewables (3.5%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (31.5%)

Biogas (1.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (4.1%)

Coal (17.4%)

Other** (18.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

439 Mtoe

15.21 Mtoe

4.79 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.2%)

Gas (17.0%)

Nuclear (15.4%)

Renewables (3.2%)

Oil (42.7%)

Coal (21.5%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (84.5%)

Hydro (42.6%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (33.4%)

Biogas (1.9%)

Renew. mun. waste (13.6%)

Other** (24.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

474 Mtoe

15.32 Mtoe

5.11 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 140 120

TWh

100 80 60 40 20 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 271

JAPAN 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

439.32 15.21

496.26 15.88

518.95 16.63

519.84 17.41

515.33 16.47

495.84 16.09

473.69 15.32

0.7 0.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

-0.4

4122.36

4445.39

4667.47

5081.13

5202.72

5166.27

4912.48

1.3

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

-0.6

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

96

100

100

92

89

86

87

-0.6

123.61

125.57

126.93

127.77

127.77

127.69

127.28

0.2

3.55

3.95

4.09

4.07

4.03

3.88

3.72

0.5

835.5

960.3

1049.0

1094.8

1125.5

1075.0

1039.7

1.4

100.66

96.52

103.82

113.06

100.86

102.36

98.38

0.1

12.0

10.1

9.9

10.3

9.0

9.5

9.5

-1.3

63.4

75.4

77.9

73.7

72.0

69.1

..

0.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Total capacity

38101 e

44495 e

48593 e

52905 e

52792 e

53274 e

..

1.9

Hydro

37830

43456

46324

47358

47313

47341

..

1.3

17005

22285

24305

25159

25489

25489

..

2.3

270

504

533

532

532

532

..

3.8

1709 e

1919 e

2144 e

..

53.1 -

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic

1 e

Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean

2008

2009e

90-08

43 e

330 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

84

1805

1527

1756

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

491

1322

1501

1501

1501

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

7510 e

7399 e

7399 e

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

5257 e

5179 e

5179 e

..

-

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

272 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

JAPAN 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change Total electricity1 Hydro

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

108097 e

107024 e

115834 e

126740 e

114929 e

113309 e

107508

0.3

95835

91216

96817

97340

84234

83295

82612

-0.8

6530

9098

9564

9816

10225

7056

6661

0.4

1741

3173

3348

3081

3043

2752

2895

2.6

1794 e

2015 e

2251 e

2251

53.5

-

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

90-08

Solar photovoltaics

1

46 e

347 e

Solar thermal

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

109

2210

2624

2623

3428

-

-

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

-

903 e

1401 e

904 e

1402 e

-

-

-

97

449

425

472

452

-

2352 e

3418 e

3418 e

3418 e

2014

7.7

2014

7.7

8713

9785

10410

15029

15751

15079

11842

3.1

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

2354 e

3419 e

3419 e

3419 e

of which: Electricity only plants Hydro

108097 e

107024 e

115834 e

126740 e

114929 e

113309 e

..

0.3

95835

91216

96817

97340

84234

83295

..

-0.8

6530

9098

9564

9816

10225

7056

..

0.4

1741

3173

3348

3081

3043

2752

..

2.6

1794 e

2015 e

2251 e

..

53.5 -

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

1

46 e

347 e

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

109

2210

2624

2623

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

97

449

425

472

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

903 e

1401 e

2352 e

3418 e

3418 e

3418 e

..

7.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

904 e

1402 e

2354 e

3419 e

3419 e

3419 e

..

7.7

8713

9785

10410

15029

15751

15079

..

3.1

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 273

JAPAN (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

1333

3666

5412

5701

5478

5228

4143

7.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

54

101

153

93

72

68

75

1.3

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1279

3565

5259

5608

5406

5160

4068

8.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1333

3666

5412

5701

5478

5228

..

7.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

54

101

153

93

72

68

..

1.3

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1279

3565

5259

5608

5406

5160

..

8.1

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

Heat only plants

Industrial waste

Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

274 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

JAPAN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

6557 6557 -5922 -635 76239 76239 -

Wind

226 226 -225 2623 2623 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Geothermal

Solar PV

194 194 -194 2251 2251 -

e

e

e

e e

2568 2568 -2197 -169 202 202 115 87 2752 2752 -

Solar thermal

509 509 509 509 492 18 -

Industrial waste

280 3 282 -88 -2 192 192 8 99 85 472 472 68 68

Mun. waste renew.

693 693 -267 -426 3418 3418 -

e

e e

e e

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 275

JAPAN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

693 693 -267 -426 3419 3419 -

Wood/ wood waste

e

e e

e e

5213 5213 -581 -2254 -30 e 2349 2338 2338 11 11 15079 15079 -

Charcoal

12 12 12 12 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

-

128 128 -128 5160 5160

Biogasoline

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

17061 3 17063 -9234 -4417 -130 -18 3264 2530 8 99 2423 734 515 133 87 106253 106253 5228 5228

Share in total energy sources

19.2% x 3.4% x x x x 1.0% 2.9% 0.1% 1.2% 28.8% 0.6% 1.1% 0.2% 4.7% 9.9% 9.9% 21.2% 21.2%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

276 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

JAPAN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

65986 65986 62679 3307 3307

122928 122928 114221 8707 8707

129777 129777 120526 9251 9251

119535 119535 110911 8624 8624

118114 118114 109574 8540 8540

107523 107523 -1 99066 8456 8456

113137 113137 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.7 2.7 x 2.6 5.4 5.4

48893 48893 48893 48893

42112 42112 42112 42112

33823 33823 33823 33823

22574 22574 22574 22574

21335 21335 21335 21335

21335 21335 21335 21335

20406 20406 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5

80 80 80 -

123 123 123 -

7380 2 7382 987 6395 6395 -

12673 -22 12651 3674 8977 8977 -

12035 -230 11805 3441 8364 8364 -

11711 116 11827 3774 8053 8053 -

8356 8356 .. .. .. .. .. ..

31.9 x 32.0 23.9 -

8219 e 8219 e 8219 e -

12669 e 12669 e 12669 e -

29225 e 29225 e 29225 e -

29274 e 29274 e 29274 e -

29030 e 29030 e 29030 e -

29030 29030 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.3 7.3 7.3 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

20468 e 20468 e 20468 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 277

JAPAN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

12670 e 12670 e 12670 e -

20466 e 20466 e 20466 e -

29226 e 29226 e 29226 e -

29274 e 29274 e 29274 e -

29030 e 29030 e 29030 e -

2009e

90-08

29030 29030 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.3 7.3 7.3 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

8220 e 8220 e 8220 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

190009 190009 81175 108834 105604 3230

187423 187423 89401 98022 95857 2165

190959 190959 86603 104356 103135 1221

222282 222282 120348 101934 101463 471

232172 232172 125674 106498 106058 440

218317 218317 119957 98360 97909 451

180860 180860 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.8 0.8 2.2 -0.6 -0.4 -10.4

401 401 401 -

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

278 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

JAPAN 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1841 1841 1841 -

4039 4039 4039 -

5516 5516 5516 -

5946 5946 5946 -

5573 5573 5573 -

5351 5351 5351 -

4068 4068 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.1 6.1 6.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

35 35 35 35

31 31 31 31

25 25 25 25

17 17 17 17

17 17 17 17

17 17 17 17

16 16 .. .. .. ..

-3.9 -3.9 -3.9 -3.9

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 279

KOREA

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

280 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

KOREA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (2.9%)

Other* (0.3%)

Oil (53.4%)

Nuclear (14.8%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (95.2%)

Hydro (54.4%)

Biogas (3.9%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (44.7%)

Renewables (1.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (0.9%)

Other** (1.0%)

Coal (27.5%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

93 Mtoe

1.01 Mtoe

0.45 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (13.5%)

Other* (0.9%) Nuclear (16.8%)

Renewables (0.7%)

Oil (40.0%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (70.8%)

Other** (13.0%)

Liquid biomass (21.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (36.5%)

Coal (28.1%)

(1)

Biogas (15.6%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (26.8%)

Hydro (16.2%)

TPES

229 Mtoe

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

1.49 Mtoe

1.06 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 281

KOREA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

93.09 1.01

144.76 0.43

185.66 0.76

213.52 1.18

222.15 1.32

226.95 1.35

228.75 1.49

5.1 1.6

Renewables/TPES(%)

1.1

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

-3.3

295.60

430.55

533.38

698.80

734.48

750.81

765.72

5.3

0.31

0.34

0.35

0.31

0.30

0.30

0.30

-0.2

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

90

97

100

88

87

87

86

-0.2

42.87

45.09

47.01

48.30

48.46

48.61

48.67

0.7

2.17

3.21

3.95

4.42

4.58

4.67

4.70

4.3

105.4

181.1

288.5

402.3

425.9

443.9

443.2

8.3

6.36

3.01

4.11

4.02

4.56

4.38

4.99

-2.1

6.0

1.7

1.4

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

-9.6

10.6

20.0

22.2

26.8

27.8

27.2

..

5.4

-

-

-

0.04

0.08

0.15

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.3 0.6 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08 5.7

Total capacity

2341

3245 e

3219 e

5839 e

5906

6305

..

Hydro

2340

3093

3149

5485

5492

5505

..

4.9

1000

1600

1600

3900

3900

3900

..

7.9

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

1

2

4

36

81

357

..

38.6

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

7

178

196

304

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

4 e

7

6

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

11 e

39 e

38

37

..

-

Solid biomass

-

150 e

48 e

17 e

Biogas

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

1257 e

1362 e

1241

1266

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

880 e

953 e

869

886

..

-

-

80 -

6

10

..

-

86

86

..

-

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

282 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

KOREA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

1990 6362

1995 5730 e

2000 5725 e

2006 5836 e

6061

6951

7877

90-08 0.5

Hydro

6361

5478

5610

5219

5042

5563

5641

-0.7 -

-

2718

1600

1751

1411

2493

2828

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

2

5

31

70

285

995

36.9

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

17

239

376

436

680

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

22 e

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

14 e

55 e

Solid biomass

-

250 e

46

32

Biogas

-

-

11

166

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

12 82 e

11

17

17

-

113

91

64

-

82

66

43

-

25

40

1

-

342

453

436

-

-

-

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

6362

5730 e

5689

5699

5835

6758

..

0.3

Hydro

6361

5478

5610

5219

5042

5563

..

-0.7 -

-

2718

1600

1751

1411

2493

..

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

2

5

31

70

285

..

36.9

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

17

239

376

436

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

12

11

17

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

250 e

46

32

25

38

..

-

Biogas

-

-

11

166

311

419

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

36 e

226

193

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

22 e

82 e

113

91

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

14 e

55 e

82

66

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

2

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

31

34

..

-

of which: pumped storage

137 e

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 283

KOREA (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

8872

10872

13827

11419

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

311 e

2012 e

5048 e

5797

7365

6277

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

208 e

1341 e

3365 e

4179

5309

4185

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

422

422

-

Biogas

-

-

-

459

896

731

535

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

1595

3362

5220

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

957 e

1589

2574

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

638 e

1146

1855

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

422

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

627

369

..

-

Total heat

-

519 e

Geothermal

-

-

Solar thermal

-

Industrial waste

2000 3353 e

of which:

Liquid biomass

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7277

7510

8607

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

311 e

2012 e

-

4091 e

4208

4791

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

208 e

1341 e

Solid biomass

-

-

-

2727 e -

3033

3454

..

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

459

-

269

362

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

519 e

3353 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

284 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

KOREA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

264 264 -264 3070 3070 -

Wind

37 37 -33 -5 436 436 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

25 25 -22 -3 285 285 -

Geothermal

16 16 16 15 15 -

Solar thermal

28 28 28 28 22 5 -

Industrial waste

1708 1708 -4 1704 1684 112 124 1 629 11 10 170 5 622 20 20 17 17 -

Mun. waste renew.

371 371 -130 -114 126 126 126 91 91 7365 2574 4791

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 285

KOREA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

311 311 -94 -82 135 135 135 66 66 5309 1855 3454

Wood/ wood waste

266 26 292 -9 -13 270 200 98 65 37 70 29 41 40 38 2 422 422 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

118 118 -88 -1 -20 -7 -3 447 413 34 731 369 362

40 40 -1 40 40 40 2 2 -

Other biogas

6 6 -1 5 5 5 4 4 -

Biogasoline

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

150 150 150 150 150 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

3340 26 3366 -408 -23 -20 -237 -7 -199 2474 1889 112 124 1 629 11 15 268 65 5 659 150 150 434 51 382 4458 4265 193 13827 5220 8607

Share in total energy sources

7.5% 0.0% 1.5% x x x x x x 1.7% 4.4% 1.1% 1.6% 0.1% 10.4% 0.2% 0.9% 12.1% 24.1% 0.2% 22.7% 0.5% 0.6% 1.1% 0.3% 2.1% 1.0% 1.1% 0.5% 6.9% 2.8% 62.4%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

286 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

KOREA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

260 260 260 16 244

465 465 465 19 446

658 658 658 19 639

910 910 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

416 416 1 417 417

925 925 925 925

1745 1745 1745 1745

1382 1382 1382 11 1371

1229 1229 1229 16 1213

1174 1174 1174 9 1165

1157 1157 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.9 5.9 x 5.9 5.9

11663 11663 -72 11591 11426 165

32926 32926 -502 32424 32044 380

39228 39228 -174 39054 38833 221

58646 58646 -1 109 58536 58134 402

65374 65374 104 65270 64862 408

71515 71515 -3 160 71352 70521 831

74974 74974 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

10.6 10.6 x 10.6 10.6 9.4

14788 14788 9275 5513 5513

15533 15533 -1 10239 5293 5293

16152 16152 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

28.9 28.9 x 21.5 21.5

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

160 160 160 160

e

e

e

e

766 766 -1 311 454 454

e

e e

e

e

4579 4579 1 2218 2362 2362

e

e e

e

e

13534 13534 8208 5326 5326

e

e e

e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 287

KOREA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

10660 10660 1 6686 3975 3975

13044 13044 7381 5663 5663

13736 13736 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

30.6 30.6 x 24.7 24.7

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

107 107 107 107

e

e

e

e

510 510 1 208 303 303

e

e e

e

e

3053 3053 1479 1574 1574

e

e e

e

e

9022 9022 5471 3551 3551

e

e e

e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

16950 972 17922 17922 17922

4464 553 5017 1534 3483 3483

8253 1153 9406 433 8973 4518 4455

12021 1163 13184 304 12880 9346 3534

11747 1205 12952 236 12716 9421 3295

11151 1089 12240 1 919 11322 8374 2948

11878 11878 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 0.6 -2.1 x -2.5 -9.5

-

-

-

2615 2615 2272 343 108 235

4498 4498 4387 111 111 -

4940 4940 -1 4939 -

5397 5397 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

238 238 238 238

550 550 550 550

671 671 112 559 559

2806 2806 2806 2806

2979 2979 1 21 2959 2959

1691 1691 24 1667 1667

1345 1345 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

11.5 11.5 x 11.4 11.4

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

288 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

KOREA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

501 501 501 501 -

813 813 813 813 -

821 821 821 821 -

435 435 9 426 294 132

435 435 19 416 294 122

236 236 34 202 202 -

188 188 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-4.1 -4.1 -4.9 -4.9 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

-

-

-

-

48394 -4394 44000 44000 44000

90000 -3000 87000 87000 87000

163823 177 164000 164000 164000

244121 -121 244000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 289

LUXEMBOURG

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

290 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

LUXEMBOURG Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (12.6%) Oil (43.4%) Other* (10.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (100.0%)

Hydro (39.8%)

Renewables (0.4%)

Coal (33.2%)

TPES(1)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (60.2%)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

0.02 Mtoe

0.01 Mtoe

3 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (28.5%)

Biogas (19.3%)

Hydro (8.4%) Other* (8.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (21.1%)

Other** (8.2%) Renewables (2.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (83.4%)

Coal (1.5%) Oil (59.5%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

4 Mtoe

0.09 Mtoe

Renew. mun. waste (16.3%)

Liquid biomass (43.4%)

of which : RCW(2) 0.08 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 1.4 1.2

TWh

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 291

LUXEMBOURG 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

3.41 0.02

3.15 0.03

3.32 0.04

4.31 0.06

4.22 0.09

4.12 0.10

3.90 0.09

1.1 10.9

Renewables/TPES(%)

0.4

1.0

1.2

1.3

2.2

2.4

2.4

9.8

12.40

15.05

20.27

25.53

27.18

27.19

26.79

4.5

0.28

0.21

0.16

0.17

0.16

0.15

0.15

-3.3 -3.3

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

168

128

100

103

95

93

89

Population (millions)

0.38

0.41

0.44

0.47

0.48

0.49

0.50

1.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

8.93

7.69

7.55

9.11

8.79

8.42

7.83

-0.3

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

0.6

0.5

0.4

3.5

3.2

2.7

3.1

8.5

0.08

0.11

0.17

0.24

0.25

0.28

0.26

7.0

13.3

22.0

39.3

6.9

8.0

10.3

8.2

-1.4

0.9

1.1

1.5

2.2

2.2

2.2

..

5.1

-

-

-

0.00

0.04

0.04

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 1.6 1.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

1139

1139

1156

1208

1208

1219

..

0.4

Hydro

1133

1133

1133

1134

1134

1134

..

0.0

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

24

24

25

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

14

35

35

43

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

6

6

9

9

9

9

..

2.3

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

6

6

8

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

9

13

17

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

6

9

12

..

-

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

292 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

LUXEMBOURG 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1086

1107

1155

1032

1.7

862

917

919

965

829

0.9

743

742

806

811

833

736

0.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

21

21

20

20

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

27

58

64

61

64

-

Total electricity1

857 e

884 e

945 e

Hydro

823

831

753

Geothermal Solar photovoltaics

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

13 e

19 e

19 e

21

24

24

26

3.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

3.8

Industrial waste

21 e

34 e

33 e

36

42

41

40

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

4

33

37

44

53

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.5

of which: Electricity only plants

857 e

884 e

941 e

1053

1070

1111

..

Hydro

823

831

862

917

919

965

..

0.9

753

743

742

806

811

833

..

0.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

21

21

20

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

27

58

64

61

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

13 e

19 e

19 e

21

24

24

..

3.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

21 e

34 e

33 e

36

42

41

..

3.8

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

4

33

37

44

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

4

33

37

44

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 293

LUXEMBOURG (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

6

186

209

251

351

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

6

186

209

251

351

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

6

186

209

251

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

6

186

209

251

..

-

of which:

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

294 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

LUXEMBOURG 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

11 11 -11 -1 132 132 -

Wind

5 5 -5 61 61 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

2 2 -2 20 20 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

Industrial waste

-

-

Mun. waste renew.

14 14 -14 24 24 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 295

LUXEMBOURG 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

24 24 -24 41 41 -

Wood/ wood waste

16 16 16 16 16 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

-

12 12 -12 44 44 251 251 -

Biogasoline

1 1 1 1 1 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

36 36 36 36 36 -

1 1 1 1 1 -

Total renew. & waste sources

84 38 122 -54 -3 -12 54 38 38 16 16 322 278 44 251 251 -

Share in total energy sources

99.6% 0.8% 3.0% x x x 1.4% 1.8% 1.8% 2.1% 2.6% 11.8% 12.1% 10.4% 10.6% 10.6% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

296 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

LUXEMBOURG 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

3 3 3 3

17 17 17 17

20 20 20 20

20 20 20 20

21 21 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

381 e 381 e 381 e -

357 e 357 e 357 e -

423 e 423 e 423 e -

588 588 588 -

599 599 599 -

584 584 584 -

538 538 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.4 2.4 2.4 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 297

LUXEMBOURG 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1010 1010 1010 -

1030 1030 1030 -

1004 1004 1004 -

824 824 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.4 2.4 2.4 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

655 e 655 e 655 e -

614 e 614 e 614 e -

728 e 728 e 728 e -

-

645 645 645 645

668 668 668 668

650 650 650 650

650 650 650 650

655 655 655 655

698 698 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

567 567 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

70 70 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

298 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

LUXEMBOURG 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

19 19 19 -

23 23 23 -

373 373 373 -

418 418 418 -

501 501 501 -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

1000 1000 1000 1000

1000 1000 1000 1000

1000 1000 .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

38000 38000 38000 38000

41000 41000 41000 41000

37000 37000 .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

538 538 538 538 -

518 518 518 518 -

502 502 502 502 -

565 565 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 299

MEXICO

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

300 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

MEXICO Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (19.1%)

Hydro (14.7%) Other* (-0.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (100.0%)

Nuclear (0.6%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (53.3%)

Renewables (11.4%) Other** (32.0%) Coal (2.9%)

Oil (66.2%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

121 Mtoe

13.77 Mtoe

7.34 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (27.7%)

Hydro (13.6%) Nuclear (1.5%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (99.7%)

Renewables (9.5%)

Coal (5.0%)

Oil (56.3%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (50.9%)

Other** (35.5%)

Biogas (0.3%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

177 Mtoe

16.83 Mtoe

8.56 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 301

MEXICO 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

121.27 13.77

129.83 15.07

144.79 15.92

171.69 16.63

176.29 17.09

180.61 17.83

176.79 16.83

2.2 1.4

Renewables/TPES(%)

11.4

11.6

11.0

9.7

9.7

9.9

9.5

-0.8

452.56

488.23

636.73

733.83

759.03

769.26

713.02

3.0

0.27

0.27

0.23

0.23

0.23

0.23

0.25

-0.7

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

118

117

100

103

102

103

109

-0.7

81.25

91.12

98.26

104.75

105.68

106.57

107.47

1.5

1.49

1.42

1.47

1.64

1.67

1.69

1.65

0.7

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

115.8

144.7

196.5

252.0

263.5

258.9

252.8

4.6

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

28.60

33.21

39.50

39.60

37.62

47.31

34.54

2.8

24.7

23.0

20.1

15.7

14.3

18.3

13.7

-1.7

27.4

29.3

34.2

45.3

48.0

50.2

..

3.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

8580

10093

10806

12286

13074

12955

..

2.3

Hydro

7880

9329

9634

10734

11519

11389

..

2.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

700

753

855

960

960

965

..

1.8

Solar photovoltaic

-

9

14

16

19

19

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

2

3

86 e

86

86

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

292

473

473

473

..

-

Biogas

-

-

8

17

17

23

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

373

643

994

1160

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

261

450

696

812

..

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

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302 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

MEXICO 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

28604

33209

39502

39599

37623

47312

34541

2.8

Hydro

23478

27528

33133

30394

27276

39178

26677

2.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5124

5669

5901

6685

7404

7056

6740

1.8

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

7

10

9

9

9

13.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

7

19

59

262

269

249

36.5

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

433

2430

2622

733

820

-

Biogas

-

-

9

21

50

67

46

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

28604

33209

39502

39599

37623

47312

..

2.8

Hydro

23478

27528

33133

30394

27276

39178

..

2.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5124

5669

5901

6685

7404

7056

..

1.8

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

7

10

9

9

..

13.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

7

19

59

262

269

..

36.5

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

433

2430

2622

733

..

-

Biogas

-

-

9

21

50

67

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 303

MEXICO (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

304 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

MEXICO 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

3369 3369 -3345 -25 39178 39178 -

Wind

23 23 -22 -1 269 269 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

1 1 -1 9 9 -

Geothermal

6066 6066 -6066 7056 7056 -

Solar thermal

133 133 133 133 133 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 305

MEXICO 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

8210 8210 -1007 7203 1361 1361 5843 5843 733 733 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

28 28 -28 67 67 -

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

17830 17830 -9433 -1062 7336 1361 1361 5976 5843 133 47312 47312 -

Share in total energy sources

7.6% 9.9% x x 6.4% 4.6% 61.4% 24.5% 33.6% 3.7% 18.3% 18.3% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

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306 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

MEXICO 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

184464 184464 184464 -

204084 204084 204084 -

212436 212436 212436 -

240660 240660 240660 -

266544 266544 266544 -

254016 254016 254016 -

242640 242640 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.8 1.8 1.8 -

-

-

1801 1801 1801 1801

3913 3913 3913 3913

4525 4525 4525 4525

5584 5584 5584 5584

6589 6589 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 307

MEXICO 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

307535 307535 307535 72867 234668

327881 327881 327881 84032 243849

332562 332562 33897 298665 48693 249972

341439 341439 41195 300244 47523 252721

344414 344414 46109 298305 49249 249056

343803 343803 42159 301644 56975 244669

357318 357318 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.6 0.6 -0.1 -1.4 0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

257 257 257 -

639 639 639 -

1048 1048 1048 -

1184 1184 1184 -

1066 1066 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

308 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

MEXICO 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 309

NETHERLANDS

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

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310 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NETHERLANDS Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (1.6%)

Gas (46.9%)

Biogas (8.5%)

Hydro (1.0%) Coal (13.6%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (47.1%)

Other** (1.0%)

Renewables (1.1%)

Nuclear (1.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (44.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (98.0%)

Oil (35.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

66 Mtoe

0.72 Mtoe

0.71 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (1.5%)

Gas (45.3%)

Hydro (0.3%) Coal (9.7%)

Other** (13.9%)

Biogas (10.0%) Solid biomass/charcoal (46.1%)

Liquid biomass (16.0%)

Renewables (4.0%)

Nuclear (1.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (85.9%)

Oil (38.1%)

Renew. mun. waste (28.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

77 Mtoe

3.06 Mtoe

2.63 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 14 12

TWh

10 8 6 4 2 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 311

NETHERLANDS 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

65.67 0.72

70.70 0.83

73.23 1.25

76.78 2.23

80.24 2.33

79.68 2.72

77.23 3.06

1.1 7.6

Renewables/TPES(%)

1.1

1.2

1.7

2.9

2.9

3.4

4.0

6.5

281.96

315.81

385.08

425.12

440.49

449.28

436.70

2.6

0.23

0.22

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.18

0.18

-1.5

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

122

118

100

95

96

93

93

-1.5

14.95

15.46

15.92

16.34

16.38

16.44

16.56

0.5

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.39

4.57

4.60

4.70

4.90

4.85

4.66

0.5

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

71.9

80.9

89.6

98.4

105.2

107.6

112.2

2.3

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

0.80

1.40

2.99

8.07

7.61

9.55

10.84

14.8

1.1

1.7

3.3

8.2

7.2

8.9

9.7

12.2

8.4

9.4

10.4

11.5

11.5

11.6

..

1.8

-

-

-

0.04

0.33

0.29

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.4 2.9 2.5 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

Total capacity

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

309

622

1021

2957

2824

3444

..

14.3

37

37

37

37

37

37

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

1

2

13

52

53

57

..

25.2

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

50

250

447

1558

1748

2149

..

23.2

Wind Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

196

277

394

429

506

506

..

5.4

Solid biomass Biogas

6

6

72

299

324

405

..

26.4

19

50

58

89

124

167

..

12.8

-

-

-

493

32

123

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

76

162

360

646

673

704

..

13.2

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

53

113

252

452

471

493

..

13.2

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

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312 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NETHERLANDS 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

1195

2002

4222

9512

9146

11043

12432

13.1

85

88

142

106

107

102

98

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

8

35

35

38

45

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total electricity1 Hydro of which: pumped storage

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

317

829

2733

3438

4260

4589

27.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

539

705

1292

1333

1421

1432

1526

5.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

Industrial waste

394

602

1228

1443

1539

1490

1588

7.7

Solid biomass

34

41

435

1840

1970

2563

3615

27.1

Biogas

87

248

288

362

512

733

900

12.6

-

-

-

1660

124

425

71

-

141

1298

3036

6092

5327

6877

..

24.1

85

88

142

106

107

102

..

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

8

35

35

38

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

317

829

2733

3438

4260

..

27.2

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

426

847

371

378

363

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

364

805

401

409

378

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

291

699

735

1228

..

-

Biogas

-

102

114

87

101

83

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

1660

124

425

..

-

CHP plants

1054

704

1186

3420

3819

4166

..

7.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

539

279

445

962

1043

1069

..

3.9

Municipal waste non-renew.

Liquid biomass

of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage

Wind

394

238

423

1042

1130

1112

..

5.9

Solid biomass

34

41

144

1141

1235

1335

..

22.6

Biogas

87

146

174

275

411

650

..

11.8

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 313

NETHERLANDS (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

3377

2927

6442

9356

9665

10024

10580

6.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

1806

1363

3176

3930

3910

4133

4455

4.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

1318

1165

3019

4257

4236

4301

4636

6.8

233

248

203

1128

1447

1484

1383

10.8

20

151

44

41

72

106

106

9.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

3377

2822

1632

4005

4328

4326

..

1.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

1806

1306

710

1361

1348

1341

..

-1.6

Municipal waste non-renew.

1318

1117

675

1475

1461

1395

..

0.3

233

248

203

1128

1447

1484

..

10.8 9.7

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

Solid biomass

20

151

44

41

72

106

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

105

4810

5351

5337

5698

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

57

2466

2569

2562

2792

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

48

2344

2782

2775

2906

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

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314 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NETHERLANDS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

9 9 -9 102 102 -

Wind

366 366 -293 -73 4260 4260 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

3 3 -3 38 38 -

Geothermal

2 2 2 2 2 -

Solar thermal

21 21 21 21 18 3 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

730 730 -148 -491 -90 1432 363 1069 4133 1341 2792

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 315

NETHERLANDS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

759 759 -154 -511 -94 1490 378 1112 4301 1395 2906

Wood/ wood waste

892 328 -266 954 -211 -110 -295 -9 328 77 24 1 51 251 222 9 20 2563 1228 1335 1484 1484 -

Charcoal

30 -28 2 4 6 6 6 -

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

44 44 -10 -17 -4 -3 -9 110 83 27 106 106 -

49 49 -18 30 30 30 149 149 -

Other biogas

132 132 -99 34 25 2 20 3 8 2 7 474 474 -

Biogasoline

5 119 -18 3 109 -1 108 108 108 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

73 282 -74 -102 179 179 179 179 -

44 79 123 1 -91 33 33 33 425 425 -

Total renew. & waste sources

3129 838 -386 -99 3482 -614 -505 -299 -1122 -184 -5 -9 741 135 2 20 3 24 1 84 287 287 318 246 44 29 11043 6877 4166 10024 4326 5698

Share in total energy sources

4.7% 0.5% 0.3% x 4.4% x x x x x x x x 1.2% 1.1% 0.0% 1.0% 0.3% 37.1% 0.4% 15.3% 2.4% 2.5% 1.4% 2.5% 0.5% 1.0% 10.3% 15.0% 6.8% 7.3% 3.6% 37.3%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

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316 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NETHERLANDS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

96 96 96 96

142 142 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

89 89 89 89

198 198 198 198

456 456 456 456

812 812 812 812

843 843 843 843

879 879 879 879

950 950 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

13205 13205 13205 -

15450 15450 15450 -

25512 25512 25512 -

26616 26616 26616 -

27845 27845 27845 -

30549 30549 30549 -

30794 30794 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.8 4.8 4.8 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 317

NETHERLANDS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

13204 13204 13204 -

24255 24255 24255 -

28834 28834 28834 -

30165 30165 30165 -

31797 31797 31797 -

32052 32052 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.9 6.9 6.9 -

13898 13898 740 13158 1316 11842

12755 12755 810 11945 1746 10199

21957 -4232 17725 5448 12277 2043 10234

33751 -2187 31564 18055 13509 3378 10131

32634 -93 32541 18911 13630 3243 10387

37368 2582 39950 26194 13756 3226 10530

42643 8083 50726 .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.6 6.0 21.9 0.2 5.1 -0.7

392 392 392 -

2238 2238 2238 -

2314 2314 2314 -

1926 1926 1926 -

1909 1909 1909 -

1858 1858 1858 -

1664 1664 .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.0 9.0 9.0 -

1679 1679 341 1338 1338

1834 1834 479 1355 1355

1925 1925 529 1396 1396

2010 2010 823 1187 1187

1998 1998 765 1233 1233

2046 2046 769 1277 1277

2046 2046 .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.1 1.1 4.6 -0.3 -0.3

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

9635 9635 9635 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

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318 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NETHERLANDS 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

468 468 37 431 304 127

826 826 33 793 541 252

974 974 75 899 543 356

1973 1973 844 1129 1031 98

3347 3347 2287 1060 937 123

5547 5547 4140 1407 1065 342

7249 7249 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.7 14.7 30.0 6.8 7.2 5.7

-

-

-

11220 17270 -490 28000 28000 28000

10472 146169 -24641 132000 132000 132000

6732 152719 3549 163000 163000 163000

230000 -13000 217000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

18000 7480 -480 25000 25000 25000

85000 248746 -59746 274000 274000 e 274000 e

83000 235245 -115245 203000 203000 203000

233000 31000 -3000 261000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

120492 327995 448487 419651 28836 28836 -

43597 23364 66961 30607 36354 36354 -

50110 91370 141480 103754 37726 37726 -

51577 51577 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

5 4 9 9 9

5 4 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 9 9

6 3 9 .. .. .. ..

1.0 -1.6 -

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 319

NEW ZEALAND

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

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320 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NEW ZEALAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (0.3%)

Gas (30.7%)

Hydro (48.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (95.9%)

Renewables (32.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (13.3%) Other** (38.3%)

Oil (27.7%)

Coal (8.9%)

TPES(1) 13 Mtoe

Biogas (4.1%)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

4.12 Mtoe

0.55 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.2%)

Gas (19.6%)

Hydro (31.6%) Solid biomass/charcoal (95.0%) Renewables (36.5%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (21.0%)

Biogas (4.8%) Liquid biomass (0.2%)

Other** (47.4%)

Oil (34.8%) Coal (8.9%)

TPES(1) 18 Mtoe

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

6.60 Mtoe

1.39 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 35 30

TWh

25 20 15 10 5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 321

NEW ZEALAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

12.70 4.12

14.75 4.60

16.68 4.84

16.60 5.16

16.69 5.31

16.93 5.61

18.08 6.60

1.6 1.7

Renewables/TPES(%)

32.4

31.2

29.0

31.1

31.8

33.1

36.5

0.1

39.62

46.17

52.66

64.96

66.97

66.24

66.12

2.9

0.32

0.32

0.32

0.26

0.25

0.26

0.27

-1.2

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

101

101

100

81

79

81

86

-1.2

Population (millions)

3.49

3.72

3.88

4.22

4.26

4.31

4.34

1.2

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.64

3.96

4.30

3.93

3.91

3.93

4.17

0.4

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

32.3

36.0

39.2

43.6

43.7

43.8

43.4

1.7

25.81

30.24

28.06

28.11

28.68

28.12

31.04

0.5

80.0

84.0

71.5

64.5

65.6

64.2

71.6

-1.2

2.6

3.3

3.7

4.4

4.5

4.3

..

2.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

4989 e

5672

5752

6052

6223

6386

..

1.4

Hydro

4619

5259

5193

5344

5346

5373

..

0.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

261

275

418

433

451

585

..

4.6

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

36

169

320

322

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

97 e

100 e

82

79

69

68

..

-2.0

Biogas

12 e

38 e

23

27

37

38

..

6.6

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

108

120

128

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

76

84

90

..

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

322 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NEW ZEALAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

25814

30239

28062

28111

28682

28124

31041

90-08 0.5

Hydro

23183

27532

24433

23571

23639

22312

24201

-0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2131

2161

2922

3368

3555

4200

4814

3.8

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

120

622

929

1057

1471

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

360

360

478

320

336

340

346

-0.3

Biogas

140

185

109

230

223

215

209

2.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

25284

29699

27509

27662

28228

27669

..

0.5

Hydro

23183

27532

24433

23571

23639

22312

..

-0.2

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Liquid biomass

of which:

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2074

2104

2880

3313

3503

4148

..

3.9

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

120

622

929

1057

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

27

62

76

156

157

152

..

10.1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

530

540

553

449

454

455

..

-0.8

Geothermal

Liquid biomass

57

57

42

55

52

52

..

-0.5

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

360

360

478

320

336

340

..

-0.3

Biogas

113

123

33

74

66

63

..

-3.2

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 323

NEW ZEALAND (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

324 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NEW ZEALAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

1919 1919 -1918 -1 22312 22312 -

Wind

91 91 -91 1057 1057 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

2560 2560 -2297 -30 233 139 139 95 2 92 4200 4148 52 -

Solar thermal

8 8 8 8 8 -

Industrial waste

-

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 325

NEW ZEALAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

965 965 -106 860 675 675 185 185 340 340 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

44 44 -34 -10 153 152 1 -

25 25 -18 7 7 7 62 62 -

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

-

-

Total renew. & waste sources

5612 5612 -4340 -11 -154 1108 814 139 675 295 195 99 28124 27669 455 -

Share in total energy sources

37.7% 33.1% x x x 8.9% 22.5% 45.3% 84.2% 9.5% 13.7% 8.4% 64.3% 68.2% 14.2% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

326 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NEW ZEALAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

66094 66094 54714 11380 9180 2200

68404 68404 54874 13530 10930 2600

78055 78055 68604 9451 5492 3959

86700 86700 76975 9725 5766 3959

90866 90866 81087 9779 5820 3959

107207 107207 97448 9759 5800 3959

125373 125373 .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.7 2.7 3.3 -0.9 -2.5 3.3

-

-

-

270 270 270 270

300 300 300 300

320 320 320 320

340 340 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 327

NEW ZEALAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

34910 34910 683 6593 29000 20932 8068

38875 38875 4152 34723 26870 7853

39808 39808 4377 35431 27627 7804

40418 40418 4422 35996 28250 7746

55105 55105 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.4 3.4 x -0.9 3.7 3.2 6.1

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

21955 21955 2023 5184 18794 16145 2649

e

e

e e e

22364 22364 2023 5184 19203 16614 2589

e

e

e e e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

905 905 -586 319 -

1849 1849 -1110 739 -

767 767 151 918 -

1872 1872 -1 1871 -

1875 1875 11 1886 -

1828 1828 16 1844 -

1778 1778 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.0 4.0 x 10.2 -

42 42 1360 1360 42 42

761 761 752 1472 41 41

490 490 62 402 150 150

1146 1146 886 260 260

1077 1077 -11 786 280 280

1039 1039 -15 744 280 280

1009 1009 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

19.5 19.5 x -3.3 11.1 11.1

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

328 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NEW ZEALAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2767 233 3000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

794 206 1000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 329

NORWAY

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

330 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NORWAY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (-6.2%) Gas (9.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (94.5%)

Hydro (91.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (8.6%)

Renewables (54.3%)

Oil (38.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (5.5%)

Coal (4.1%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

21 Mtoe

11.40 Mtoe

0.98 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (-2.5%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (86.7%)

Hydro (89.1%)

Gas (20.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (10.2%)

Renewables (46.0%)

Biogas (2.2%) Liquid biomass (0.6%)

Other** (0.7%) Oil (33.6%)

Renew. mun. waste (10.5%)

Coal (2.1%)

TPES(1) 27 Mtoe

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

12.18 Mtoe

1.24 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 160 140

TWh

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 331

NORWAY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

21.00 11.40

23.42 11.52

25.87 13.24

27.09 11.54

27.45 12.78

29.67 13.35

26.51 12.18

1.9 0.9

Renewables/TPES(%)

54.3

49.2

51.2

42.6

46.5

45.0

46.0

-1.0

116.97

140.45

168.29

192.07

197.32

200.90

199.32

3.1

0.18

0.17

0.15

0.14

0.14

0.15

0.13

-1.1

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

117

109

100

92

91

96

87

-1.1

Population (millions)

4.24

4.36

4.49

4.66

4.71

4.77

4.79

0.7

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.95

5.37

5.76

5.81

5.83

6.22

5.54

1.3

121.6

122.1

139.6

121.2

136.1

141.7

132.0

0.9

121.36

121.64

139.20

120.38

134.93

140.88

127.47

0.8

99.8

99.7

99.7

99.3

99.1

99.4

96.6

-0.0

2.6

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.5

3.5

..

1.7

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

0.01

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total capacity

26951

28183

28206 e

29341

29736

Hydro

26884

28052

28126

28941

29297 e

1067

673

1360

1396

1465 e

of which: pumped storage

2009e

90-08

30209 e

..

0.6

29732 e

..

0.6

1486 e

..

1.9 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

5

6

8 e

8 e

8 e

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

3

13

282

-

-

-

-

322 e

360 e

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

5

5 e

..

-

Municipal waste

26 e

26 e

26 e

26

25

5 e

25 e

..

-0.2

Solid biomass

79

41 e

97 e

35 e

79 e

79 e

..

3.7

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

13 e

13 e

14 e

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

9 e

9 e

10 e

..

-

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

332 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NORWAY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

121624 e

122622 e

139703 e

120812

136081

141892

128338

0.9

Hydro

121382

122299

139386

119726

134736

140522

127070

0.8

237

956

471

375

1080

968

829

8.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

10

31

637

892

917

981

-

of which: pumped storage

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

5

11

10

6

-

29 e

24 e

30 e

55

59

75

68

5.4

56

56

37

34

1.4

184

29 e

265

226

333

314

325

167

3.2

Biogas

-

-

-

-

13

6

12

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

121566

122574

139643

120712

135966

141780

..

0.9

Hydro

121382

122299

139386

119726

134736

140522

..

0.8

237

956

471

375

1080

968

..

8.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

10

31

637

892

917

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

5

11

10

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

6

-

-

-

-

184

265

226

333

314

325

..

3.2

Biogas

-

-

-

-

13

6

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

58 e

48 e

60 e

100

115

112

..

3.7

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

29 e

24 e

30 e

50

59

75

..

5.4

Municipal waste non-renew.

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

24 e

30 e

of which:

of which: pumped storage

Solid biomass

29 e

24 e

30 e

50

56

37

..

1.4

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 333

NORWAY (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat

3669 e

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

4132

4518

7534

7870

8585

8585

4.8 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

150

467

537

538

546

546

-

Municipal waste renew.

1798 e

1957 e

1939 e

2730

2933

4521

4521

5.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

1798 e

1957 e

1940 e

2730

2929

1958

1958

0.5

73 e

58

160

1529

1468

1553

1553

18.5

Biogas

-

10

12

8

2

7

7

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

1421

1876

1777

3116

2988

3302

..

4.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

711 e

938 e

888 e

1558

1496

2210

..

6.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

Solid biomass

of which:

710 e

938 e

889 e

1558

1492

1092

..

2.4

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2256

2741

4418

4882

5283

..

4.9 -

Heat only plants

2248 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

150

467

537

538

546

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

1087 e

1019 e

1051 e

1172

1437

2311

..

4.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

1088 e

1019 e

1051 e

1172

1437

866

..

-1.3

73 e

58

160

1529

1468

1553

..

18.5

-

10

12

8

2

7

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Solid biomass Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990 Total heat Heat pumps(1) (-) Input to heat pumps Waste heat (2)

740 e 56 25 709 e

1995

2000

560 e

397 e

184

309

2006 1024 e 893

2007

2008

2009e

1061

1182

1182

90-08 2.6

872

1185

1185

18.5

115

130

360

378

461

461

17.5

491 e

218 e

491 e

567

458

458

-2.4

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

334 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NORWAY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

12002 12002 -11608 -394 139554 139554 -

Wind

79 79 -79 917 917 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

Industrial waste

-

15 15 -2 -13 10 10 546 546

Mun. waste renew.

145 145 -66 -61 18 18 18 75 75 4521 2210 2311

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 335

NORWAY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

73 73 -32 -23 18 18 18 37 37 1958 1092 866

Wood/ wood waste

1060 32 -1 1091 -32 -59 -2 998 395 9 3 311 66 4 2 602 591 10 1 325 325 1553 1553

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

27 27 -1 -13 13 13 13 6 6 7 7

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

-

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

c 7 c 7 7 7 7 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

13401 39 -1 13439 -11688 -428 -98 -156 -2 -13 1054 431 9 39 311 66 4 2 7 7 615 591 23 1 140924 140812 112 8585 3302 5283

Share in total energy sources

6.1% 0.6% 45.3% x x x x x x 5.0% 6.5% 0.6% 10.0% 34.4% 46.7% 1.8% 3.8% 0.2% 0.2% 8.8% 15.6% 0.9% 0.3% 99.5% 99.5% 63.3% 57.0% 94.2% 45.7%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

336 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NORWAY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

150 150 150 -

467 467 467 -

588 588 588 -

651 651 651 -

649 649 649 -

649 649 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

2402 e 2402 e 2402 e -

2688 2688 2489 e 199 199 -

4080 4080 3422 658 658 -

4272 4272 3624 648 648 -

6077 6077 5340 737 737 -

5483 5483 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.7 5.7 4.9 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

2258 e 2258 e 2258 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 337

NORWAY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

4080 4080 3423 657 657 -

4213 4213 3565 648 648 -

3071 3071 2334 737 737 -

2350 2350 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.7 1.7 0.2 -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

2257 e 2257 e 2257 e -

2401 e 2401 e 2401 e -

2690 2690 2489 e 201 201 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

38669 38669 e 1072 e 37597 15977 21620

42043 90 42133 1442 40691 17490 23201

50008 207 50215 1459 48756 24603 24153

44677 1283 45960 3589 42371 15417 26954

43546 1397 44943 3469 41474 16681 24793

44380 1304 45684 3899 41785 16558 25227

44290 893 45183 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.8 0.9 7.4 0.6 0.2 0.9

-

663 663 12 651 651

1078 1078 14 1064 1064

1104 1104 9 430 665 665

1041 1041 89 421 531 531

1125 1125 38 544 543 543

1125 1125 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

338 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

NORWAY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

-

-

-

-

c 4020 -20 4000 4000 4000

c 4791 209 5000 5000 5000

c 7962 38 8000 8000 8000

7504 496 8000 .. ..

c x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 339

POLAND

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

340 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

POLAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (0.7%)

Oil (12.6%) Gas (8.7%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (99.4%)

Hydro (7.7%)

Renewables (1.5%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (92.3%)

Coal (76.5%)

Biogas (0.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

103 Mtoe

1.58 Mtoe

1.46 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Oil (25.5%)

Gas (13.1%)

Other* (0.4%)

Hydro (3.6%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (87.3%)

Other** (1.9%) Renewables (6.2%)

Biogas (1.7%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (94.5%)

Coal (54.9%)

Liquid biomass (11.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

94 Mtoe

5.76 Mtoe

5.44 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009

Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 341

POLAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

103.10 1.58

99.47 3.92

89.12 3.80

97.30 4.96

97.00 5.12

97.88 5.60

93.56 5.76

-0.3 7.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

1.5

3.9

4.3

5.1

5.3

5.7

6.2

7.6

118.17

131.59

171.28

211.78

226.15

237.47

245.10

4.0

0.87

0.76

0.52

0.46

0.43

0.41

0.38

-4.1 -4.1

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

168

145

100

88

82

79

73

38.03

38.28

38.26

38.13

38.12

38.12

38.09

0.0

2.71

2.60

2.33

2.55

2.54

2.57

2.46

-0.3

134.4

137.0

143.2

160.8

158.8

155.6

151.0

0.8

1.47

1.96

2.33

4.31

5.43

6.44

8.45

8.5

1.1

1.4

1.6

2.7

3.4

4.1

5.6

7.7

6.0

7.2

8.9

12.6

13.9

14.9

..

5.2

-

-

-

0.10

0.11

0.44

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.8 0.8 3.0 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

1977

2048

2199

2563

2710

2956

..

2.3

Hydro

1977

2047

2183

2331

2328

2335

..

0.9

1205

1366

1366

1406

1406

1406

..

0.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

4

172

306

526

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

3

3

3

3

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

25

33

40

..

-

Biogas

-

1

9

32

40

52

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

128 e

236

365

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

90 e

165

256

..

-

of which: pumped storage

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

342 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

POLAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

3571

4216

4673

5668

6351

7319

9338

90-08 4.1

Hydro

3313

3851

4116

3020

2939

2747

3007

-1.0

1896

1964

2010

978

587

595

598

-6.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

5

256

522

837

1093

1.7

of which: pumped storage

203

297

331

381

335

277

280

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

7

7

-

Industrial waste

55

54

190

1851

2360

3200

4700

25.3

Biogas

-

13

31

160

195

251

251

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

3313

3865

4152

3276

3461

3584

..

0.4

Hydro

3313

3851

4116

3020

2939

2747

..

-1.0

Solid biomass

of which:

1896

1964

2010

978

587

595

..

-6.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

1

5

256

522

837

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

13

31

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

258

351

521

2392

2890

3735

..

16.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

203

297

331

381

335

277

..

1.7 -

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

7

..

-

55

54

190

1851

2360

3200

..

25.3

-

-

-

160

195

251

..

-

Solid biomass Biogas

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 343

POLAND (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

13980

2100

2628

5711

6594

8887

9655

-2.5

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2966

1341

789

1863

1877

2002

1950

-2.2

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

283

280

-

11004

753

1802

3146

4017

5676

6500

-3.6

10

6

37

702

700

926

925

28.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

11011

1649

2101

4246

5200

7121

..

-2.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2902

1209

754

1838

1847

1978

..

-2.1

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

283

..

-

Solar thermal Industrial waste

8109

440

1347

1707

2656

3951

..

-3.9

Biogas

-

-

-

701

697

909

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2969

451

527

1465

1394

1766

..

-2.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

64

132

35

25

30

24

..

-5.3

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2895

313

455

1439

1361

1725

..

-2.8

10

6

37

1

3

17

..

3.0

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Solid biomass

Heat only plants

Industrial waste

Solid biomass Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

344 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

POLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

185 185 -185 2152 2152 -

Wind

72 72 -72 837 837 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

13 13 13 13 10 3 -

Solar thermal

1 1 1 1 1 -

Industrial waste

550 -2 548 -90 -22 -1 -1 434 434 24 173 30 177 3 26 1 277 277 2002 1978 24

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 345

POLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

19 19 -9 10 9 9 1 1 7 7 283 283 -

Wood/ wood waste

4738 12 4750 -727 -137 -45 -5 3836 814 5 1 9 471 275 52 3022 2448 120 454 3200 3200 5676 3951 1725

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

34 34 -34 148 148 148 148 -

95 95 -35 59 2 2 57 57 95 95 734 717 17

Other biogas

3 3 -3 8 8 44 44 -

Biogasoline

59 72 -4 126 126 126 126 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

232 85 -6 311 -1 310 310 310 -

5 5 5 5 5 -

Total renew. & waste sources

6006 157 6162 -1 -257 -817 -240 -45 -6 -1 4794 1259 24 173 30 191 1 11 474 301 53 441 441 3094 2458 182 454 6724 2989 3735 8887 7121 1766

Share in total energy sources

8.4% 0.4% x 6.3% x x x x x x x 7.3% 8.1% 1.1% 4.7% 4.5% 7.2% 0.1% 0.6% 40.2% 42.4% 8.2% 2.8% 3.0% 10.5% 13.3% 2.5% 12.6% 4.3% 100.0% 2.5% 2.8% 3.6% 1.6%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

346 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

POLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

124 124 124 124

535 535 535 535

439 439 439 439

531 531 531 531

537 537 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

11 11 11 11

15 15 15 15

54 54 54 54

53 53 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

32311 32311 5265 5222 21824 21320 504

35109 35109 3878 2103 29128 29128 -

18766 -29 18737 3279 229 15229 15225 4

24281 10 24291 5205 258 18828 18828 -

21021 -2 21019 4783 68 16168 16168 -

23032 -95 22937 4711 51 18175 18175 -

20752 20752 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.9 x -1.9 -0.6 -22.7 -1.0 -0.9 -

-

-

32 4 36 4 32 32

27 3 30 30 2 28

35 35 35 6 29

9 9 9 1 8

32 32 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

e e e

e e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 347

POLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

32 4 36 4 32 32

1620 1620 1620 1620 -

1777 1777 1777 1777 -

799 799 384 415 378 37

1289 1289 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

60643 60643 14571 6 46066 7191 38875

156943 156943 -49 1322 3 155569 20509 135060

150485 -292 150193 3461 6 146726 26112 120614

192097 -73 192024 21180 11 170833 41776 129057

197150 -924 196226 25434 57 170735 44193 126542

198401 500 198901 38251 20 160630 34094 126536

199000 199000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.8 x 6.8 x 5.5 6.9 7.2 9.0 6.8

-

118 118 117 1 -

423 423 396 27 -

791 791 791 -

879 879 879 -

1433 1433 1433 -

1433 1433 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

433 433 8 425 e 2 e 423 e

788 788 47 741 63 678

1803 1803 1211 15 577 72 505

1802 1802 1399 28 375 84 291

3976 3976 1498 17 2461 94 2367

2338 2338 .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.7 13.7 29.6 11.0 10.7

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

e e e

e e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

393 393 14 379 379

e e

e

e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

348 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

POLAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

19 19 19 -

27 27 27 -

107 107 107 -

107 107 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

119261 -31070 -2191 86000 86000 86000

92679 20883 -1562 112000 112000 112000

92088 112976 -7064 198000 198000 198000

96690 136873 437 234000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

82762 -51528 1766 33000 33000 33000

44854 -19440 -414 25000 25000 25000

257765 94034 -7799 344000 344000 344000

342173 101533 2294 446000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

6364 142 6506 6506 6506 -

2593 2593 2593 2593 -

5964 5964 5964 5964 -

5001 49297 -2180 52118 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 349

PORTUGAL

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

350 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

PORTUGAL Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Oil (63.9%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (100.0%)

Hydro (24.0%) Renewables (19.6%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (75.5%)

Other** (0.4%)

Coal (16.5%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

3.28 Mtoe

2.48 Mtoe

17 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (17.7%)

Other* (2.2%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (89.4%)

Hydro (14.2%)

Biogas (0.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (68.3%)

Renewables (20.8%)

Liquid biomass (6.9%)

Other** (17.5%)

Oil (47.5%)

Renew. mun. waste (2.9%)

Coal (11.9%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

24 Mtoe

4.96 Mtoe

3.39 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 25

TWh

20 15 10 5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 351

PORTUGAL 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

16.74 3.28

20.21 3.32

24.67 3.76

24.66 4.22

25.07 4.49

24.16 4.33

23.85 4.96

2.1 1.6

Renewables/TPES(%)

19.6

16.4

15.2

17.1

17.9

17.9

20.8

-0.5

84.75

92.22

112.65

119.27

121.51

121.46

120.23

2.0

0.20

0.22

0.22

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.20

0.0

90

100

100

94

94

91

91

0.0

10.00

10.03

10.23

10.58

10.61

10.62

10.61

0.3

TPES/population (toe per capita)

1.67

2.02

2.41

2.33

2.36

2.27

2.25

1.7

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

28.4

33.2

43.4

48.6

46.9

45.5

49.2

2.7

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

9.85

9.39

12.87

15.72

16.22

14.64

18.23

2.2

34.7

28.3

29.7

32.4

34.6

32.2

37.1

-0.4

3.0

4.1

5.6

6.1

6.1

6.1

..

4.0

-

-

-

0.07

0.13

0.13

..

-

-

-

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 1.1 2.2 2.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08 4.9

Total capacity

3538

4631 e

4908

7141

7685

8382

..

Hydro

3344

4409

4526

5065

5052

5055

..

2.3

561

561

597

1048

1029

1029

..

3.4

Geothermal

1

8

14

25

25

25

..

19.6

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

1

3

24

59

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

8

83

1681

2201

2857

..

55.6

Industrial waste

-

-

-

3

3

3

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

64

77

77

77

..

-

205

219

279

290

293

..

2.4

Biogas

192 e -

1 e

1

8

13

13

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

150

200

238

304

330

390

..

5.5

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

105

140

167

213

231

273

..

5.5

Solid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

352 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

PORTUGAL 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

9998

9501

13517 e

16493

16861

15426

19252

90-08 2.4

Hydro

9303

8454

11715

11467

10449

7296

8920

-1.3

146

111

392

465

357

498

725

7.1

Geothermal

4

42

80

85

201

192

182

24.0

Solar photovoltaics

1

1

1

5

24

38

160

22.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

16

168

2925

4037

5757

7573

61.8

Industrial waste

-

-

-

13

10

9

8

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

257 e

293

276

281

290

-

-

-

293

276

281

290

-

689

987

1037

1380

1530

1501

1749

4.4

Biogas

-

1

2

32

58

71

80

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

9309

8513

12485 e

15184

15478

14071

..

2.3

Hydro

9303

8454

11715

11467

10449

7296

..

-1.3

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

257 e

of which:

146

111

392

465

357

498

..

7.1

Geothermal

4

42

80

85

201

192

..

24.0

Solar photovoltaics

1

1

1

5

24

38

..

22.4

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

1

16

168

2925

4037

5757

..

61.8

Industrial waste

-

-

-

13

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

257 e

293

276

281

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

257 e

293

276

281

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

7

78

164

163

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

25

51

63

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

689

988

1032

1309

1383

1355

..

3.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

10

9

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

689

987

1030

1302

1366

1338

..

3.8

-

1

2

7

7

8

..

-

of which: pumped storage

Solid biomass Biogas

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 353

PORTUGAL (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

354 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

PORTUGAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

585 585 -583 -1 6798 6798 -

Wind

495 495 -495 5757 5757 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

3 3 -3 38 38 -

Geothermal

185 185 -175 10 10 10 192 192 -

Solar thermal

30 30 30 30 18 12 -

Industrial waste

4 4 -4 9 9 -

Mun. waste renew.

91 91 -91 281 281 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 355

PORTUGAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

91 91 -91 281 281 -

Wood/ wood waste

2788 2788 -50 -12 -171 2555 1395 37 6 327 92 836 41 55 1 1161 1161 1501 163 1338 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

-

Other biogas

-

23 23 -21 -2 71 63 8 -

Biogasoline

-

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

146 -18 1 129 -1 128 128 128 -

4 4 4 4 4 -

Total renew. & waste sources

4445 -18 1 4428 -1 -1306 -216 -177 2727 1395 37 6 327 92 836 41 55 1 128 128 1205 1179 22 4 14928 13573 1355 -

Share in total energy sources

100.0% 0.7% x 18.3% x x x x 14.2% 25.2% 6.8% 17.1% 19.1% 18.0% 67.9% 30.8% 13.4% 0.7% 2.0% 2.1% 22.1% 37.8% 1.1% 100.0% 32.8% 34.1% 24.0% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

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356 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

PORTUGAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

134 134 134 -

1577 1577 1535 42 42

2921 2921 2879 42 42

3671 3671 3241 430 430

8094 8094 7664 430 430

7751 7751 7321 430 430

6982 6982 .. .. .. .. .. ..

25.3 25.3 24.9 -

458 458 458 458

617 617 617 617

770 770 770 770

988 988 988 988

1071 1071 1071 1071

1266 1266 1266 1266

1468 1468 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8

-

-

-

243 243 243 -

240 240 240 -

179 179 179 -

182 182 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

4201 4201 4201 -

3935 3935 3935 -

3826 3826 3826 -

4153 4153 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

3648 e 3648 e 3648 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 357

PORTUGAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

4201 4201 4201 -

3935 3935 3935 -

3826 3826 3826 -

4153 4153 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

-

3647 e 3647 e 3647 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

103699 103699 6253 97446 49297 48149

106632 106632 6155 100477 52328 48149

108637 108637 7551 101086 52937 48149

114353 114353 8779 105574 56974 48600

117559 117559 10279 107280 58680 48600

116737 116737 9737 107000 58400 48600

126768 126768 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.7 0.7 2.5 0.5 0.9 0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

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358 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

PORTUGAL 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

48 48 48 -

385 385 385 -

660 660 660 -

962 962 962 -

996 996 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

21 e 21 e 21 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

-

-

-

-

79000 79000 79000 79000

180539 -28991 151548 -1548 150000 150000

164617 -19950 827 145494 -494 145000 145000

255390 12904 -6294 262000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

2911 2911 2911 2911

3958 3958 3958 3958

4317 4317 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 359

SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

360 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (23.8%)

Other* (2.1%) Nuclear (14.7%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (100.0%)

Hydro (49.3%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (50.7%)

Renewables (1.5%)

Oil (21.1%) Coal (36.7%)

TPES(1) 21 Mtoe

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

0.33 Mtoe

0.17 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.9%)

Nuclear (21.9%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (82.0%)

Hydro (40.4%)

Gas (29.6%)

Biogas (1.6%)

Renewables (5.6%)

Liquid biomass (12.1%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (58.3%) Oil (19.8%)

Coal (22.2%)

Renew. mun. waste (4.3%)

Other** (1.2%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

17 Mtoe

0.95 Mtoe

0.55 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 6 5

TWh

4 3 2 1 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 361

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

21.33 0.33

17.78 0.50

17.74 0.49

18.64 0.83

17.85 0.97

18.30 0.99

17.05 0.95

-0.8 6.3

Renewables/TPES(%)

1.5

2.8

2.8

4.5

5.4

5.4

5.6

7.2

18.91

17.26

20.39

28.10

31.08

32.99

31.67

3.1

1.13

1.03

0.87

0.66

0.57

0.55

0.54

-3.9 -3.9

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

130

118

100

76

66

64

62

Population (millions)

5.30

5.36

5.40

5.39

5.40

5.41

5.40

0.1

TPES/population (toe per capita)

4.03

3.31

3.29

3.46

3.31

3.39

3.16

-1.0

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

25.5

26.4

30.8

31.3

27.9

28.8

26.0

0.7

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

1.88

4.88

4.62

4.80

4.93

4.56

4.95

5.0

7.4

18.5

15.0

15.4

17.7

15.9

19.0

4.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.9

2.0

..

2.4

-

-

-

0.04

0.09

0.13

..

-

-

-

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 2.6 4.7 6.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

-

2260

2420

2634

2665

2712

..

-

Hydro

-

2260

2420

2513

2515

2548

..

-

-

735

916

916

916

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

5

5

5

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

2

2

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

6

6

6

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

108

134

147

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

2

3

4

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

735 e

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

-

72

80

89

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

-

50

56

62

..

-

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

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362 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

1990 2515

5226 e

5007 e

4995 e

5122

4783

5198

3.6

Hydro

2515

5226

4975

4566

4615

4241

4697

2.9

635

346

360

167

164

202

235

-6.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

6

8

7

5

-

Industrial waste

-

- e

32 e

1

1

1

1

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

23 e

22

22

20

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

24 e

23

17

16

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

367

441

480

445

-

Biogas

-

-

-

8

12

15

14

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.0

of which: pumped storage

1995

2000

2006

of which: Electricity only plants

2515

5226 e

5007 e

4573

4624

4249

..

Hydro

2515

5226

4975

4566

4615

4241

..

2.9

635

346

360

167

164

202

..

-6.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

-

6

8

7

..

-

Industrial waste

-

- e

32 e

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

498

534

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

23 e

22

22

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

23

17

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

367

441

480

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

7

11

14

..

-

of which: pumped storage

422 e

24 e

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 363

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

2862

2892

1936

2251

2668

3634

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

165

185

146

199

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

-

Industrial waste

-

36

205

205

279

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

106 e

80

125

170

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

106 e

80

119

162

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

1468

1590

1910

2602

-

Biogas

-

-

-

54

110

162

221

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

625

919

1164

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

24

10

10

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

19 e

21

23

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

19 e

21

19

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

532

766

974

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

31

101

138

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

2862

2892

1311

1332

1504

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

165

185

146

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

1

1

1

..

-

Industrial waste

-

12

195

195

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

87 e

59

102

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

87 e

59

100

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

936

824

936

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

23

9

24

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

2862 e

2892 e

of which:

2862 e

2892 e

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

31

275

237

324

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

6

5

4

5

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

4

4

4

4

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

29

274

237

323

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

364 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

347 347 -340 -8 4039 4039 -

Tide wave ocean

Wind

1 1 -1 7 7 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

9 9 -4 -3 2 2 1 1 146 146

Solar thermal

1 1

Industrial waste

23 7 29 -7 -2 20 20 18 1 1 1 205 10 195

Mun. waste renew.

25 25 -17 -3 5 5 5 22 22 125 23 102

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 365

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

21 21 -13 -3 4 4 4 17 17 119 19 100

Wood/ wood waste

502 -24 -5 473 -25 -79 -26 -4 339 298 1 7 1 242 39 1 7 41 35 2 3 480 480 1910 974 936

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

1 1 2 2 -

10 10 -6 -1 3 3 3 12 12 160 136 24

Other biogas

2 1 1 -

Biogasoline

38 21 -33 26 26 26 26 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

101 26 -21 -5 101 101 101 101 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

1077 54 -78 -10 1042 -340 -9 -25 -115 -30 -21 -2 500 318 1 18 1 7 1 242 39 1 7 127 127 55 35 15 4 4581 4047 534 2668 1164 1504

Share in total energy sources

16.8% 0.3% 1.6% x 5.7% x x x x x x x 4.2% 8.7% 0.1% 3.6% 0.2% 3.4% 0.6% 43.8% 56.3% 2.2% 5.5% 4.8% 6.2% 1.3% 1.6% 0.8% 2.9% 15.9% 49.0% 2.6% 6.7% 5.5% 8.0%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

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366 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

397 397 330 67 67

438 438 370 68 68

362 362 292 70 70

473 473 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

2 2 1 1 1

2 2 1 1 1

2 2 1 1 1

2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

321 321 321 321 -

8803 8803 3671 5132 5132 -

13473 13473 3888 9585 9573 12

915 15 -40 890 58 99 733 732 1

1222 157 3 1382 289 340 753 752 1

946 278 -6 1218 295 104 819 818 1

1000 1000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.2 x 7.7 x 5.3 5.3 -

-

-

-

805 805 805 -

1042 -7 1035 829 206 206

1000 1000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

880 e 880 e 880 e -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 367

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

-

-

6965 6965 6965 6965 -

3196 53 3249 3249 3095 154

4169 -346 3823 3823 3798 25

-

-

-

-

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

805 805 805 -

882 -6 876 688 188 188

900 900 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

16924 -1168 -127 15629 4401 2 6 11220 10051 1169

20266 -1147 183 19302 4046 15256 13488 1768

21037 -1018 -218 19801 5619 14182 12482 1700

20000 -1000 19000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.3 x 6.0 x 4.0 3.3 -

-

16 16 16 -

9 9 9 -

8 8 8 -

10 10 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

287 287 76 10 201 17 184

286 286 183 8 95 17 78

399 399 259 12 128 16 112

350 350 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x -

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

880 e 880 e 880 e -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

e e e

e

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

368 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

15 15 15 -

19 19 19 -

18 18 18 -

20 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

2000 2000 2000 2000

24000 4000 -7000 21000 21000 21000

73944 -23652 -292 50000 50000 50000

76000 -32000 2000 46000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

43000 2000 -1000 44000 44000 44000

46000 31000 4000 81000 81000 81000

105092 4779 -4871 105000 105000 105000

124000 -79000 45000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 369

SPAIN

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

370 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SPAIN Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (5.5%) Nuclear (15.7%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (98.7%)

Hydro (35.3%)

Biogas (0.3%)

Renewables (6.9%)

Oil (50.5%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (64.7%)

Coal (21.4%) (1)

TPES

Renew. mun. waste (1.0%)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

6.19 Mtoe

4.01 Mtoe

90 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (-0.4%)

Gas (24.4%)

Hydro (18.9%)

Nuclear (10.7%)

Renewables (9.3%)

Coal (8.6%)

Oil (47.4%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (75.1%)

Biogas (3.7%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (48.9%)

Liquid biomass (17.9%)

Other** (32.2%)

Renew. mun. waste (3.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

128 Mtoe

11.94 Mtoe

5.83 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 80 70

TWh

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 371

SPAIN 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

90.09 6.19

100.82 5.51

121.95 6.93

141.48 9.13

143.87 9.97

138.79 10.62

128.19 11.94

2.4 3.0

Renewables/TPES(%)

6.9

5.5

5.7

6.5

6.9

7.7

9.3

0.6

440.64

474.85

580.67

709.28

734.55

740.85

722.41

2.9

0.20

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.20

0.19

0.18

-0.5

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

97

101

100

95

93

89

84

-0.5

39.01

39.39

40.26

44.07

44.87

45.59

46.12

0.9

2.31

2.56

3.03

3.21

3.21

3.04

2.78

1.5

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

151.2

165.6

222.2

295.5

301.8

311.1

291.5

4.1

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

25.98

24.41

35.81

52.08

58.21

61.54

72.43

4.9

17.2

14.7

16.1

17.6

19.3

19.8

24.8

0.8

17.7

20.5

26.2

32.5

33.6

32.0

..

3.3

-

-

0.07

0.17

0.39

0.61

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

16378

17084

20472

30957

34646

39040

..

4.9

Hydro

16231

16784

17960

18318

18372

18451

..

0.7

4911

5095

5288

5347

5347

5347

..

0.5

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

3

7

12

169

734

3270

..

47.5

Solar thermal

-

-

-

11

11

61

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

2

98

2206

11722

14779

16546

..

65.1

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

27

69

94

189

189

189

..

11.4

115

126

150

388

396

374

..

6.8

Biogas

-

-

50

160

165

149

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

281

319

403

948

1198

1665

..

10.4

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

197

223

282

664

839

1166

..

10.4

Solid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

372 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SPAIN 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

26876 e

26178 e

38652 e

56622

62233

64930

76013

90-08 5.0

Hydro

26184

24569

31807

29831

30522

26112

29045

-0.0 7.0

770

1457

2237

3941

3289

2612

2797

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

6

15

18

119

500

2562

6103

40.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

8

16

38

-

of which: pumped storage

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

14

270

4727

23297

27568

32203

36615

53.7

Industrial waste

50 e

118

274

Municipal waste renew.

80 e

196 e

334 e

Tide, wave, ocean

195 e

333 e

462 e

80 e

668

841

Biogas

-

147

318 e

Liquid biomass

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass

-

..

-

-

-

-

601

737

782

786

13.5

601

737

782

786

13.5

1573

1553

1888

2020

8.1

600

608

585

620

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: Electricity only plants

26271 e

25203

37973 e

54997

60618

63674

..

5.0

Hydro

26184

24569

31807

29831

30522

26112

..

-0.0 7.0

770

1457

2237

3941

3289

2612

..

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

6

15

18

119

500

2562

..

40.0

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

8

16

..

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

14

270

4727

23297

27568

32203

..

53.7

Industrial waste

50 e

118

274

..

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

334 e

601

737

782

..

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

333 e

601

737

782

..

-

176

275

272

676

..

22.7

304 e

-

17 e

96

Biogas

-

135

Liquid biomass

-

-

Solid biomass

CHP plants

605 e

975 e

273

274

541

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

679

1625

1615

1256

..

4.1 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80 e

196 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

445 e

80 e

572

195 e

665

1298

1281

1212

..

5.7

-

12

14

327

334

44

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 373

SPAIN (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

374 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SPAIN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

2021 2021 -1978 -43 23500 23500 -

Wind

2769 2769 -2768 -1 32203 32203 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

220 220 -219 -2 2562 2562 -

Geothermal

8 8 8 8 1 7 -

Solar thermal

132 132 -4 128 2 1 1 126 99 25 1 1 16 16 -

Industrial waste

.. .. -

Mun. waste renew.

328 328 -124 -204 782 782 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 375

SPAIN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

328 328 -124 -204 782 782 -

Wood/ wood waste

4338 4338 -54 -122 -417 -97 3649 1480 1 14 137 1 317 508 401 6 5 89 2169 2054 80 28 7 1888 676 1212 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

157 157 -2 -154 494 494 -

20 20 -11 8 8 8 36 36 -

Other biogas

27 27 -3 -4 19 16 11 6 2 1 1 55 11 44 -

Biogasoline

174 3 -60 116 -24 92 92 92 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

194 312 -24 483 34 517 517 517 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

10716 315 -84 10947 10 -5269 -748 -421 -97 4421 1498 1 14 137 1 329 514 401 7 5 89 609 609 2313 2153 115 37 8 62318 61062 1256 -

Share in total energy sources

35.2% 0.2% 0.6% 7.9% x x x x x 4.5% 5.7% 0.0% 0.3% 2.1% 0.1% 14.5% 22.9% 55.7% 1.5% 0.9% 3.9% 1.7% 1.9% 8.1% 13.7% 1.3% 1.4% 0.9% 20.0% 21.9% 3.9% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

376 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SPAIN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

321 321 321 321

322 322 322 322

322 322 322 322

343 343 343 1 342

377 377 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

1303 1303 1303 4 1299

3066 3066 2 3064 63 3001

3949 3949 74 3 3872 72 3800

5529 5529 148 3 5378 93 5285

6887 6887 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

3134 e 3134 e 3134 e .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. -

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

4803 e 4803 e 4803 e -

10556 10556 10556 -

12945 12945 12945 -

13735 13735 13735 -

8198 8198 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.3 12.3 12.4 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

142 142 142 142 e

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

1032 1032 1032 31 1001

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

853 853 353 500 500 -

e

e e

e e

5041 5041 1771 3270 3270 -

e

e e

e e

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1697 1697 1663 34 -

e

e e e

3923 3923 3874 49 -

e

e e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 377

SPAIN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

e e

4802 e 4802 e 4802 e -

10556 10556 10556 -

12945 12945 12945 -

13735 13735 13735 -

8198 8198 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.3 12.3 12.4 -

138183 e 138183 e 3912 e 134271 50883 83388

151702 e 151702 e 11882 e 126 139694 53880 85814

176109 176109 21679 154430 65482 88948

177174 177174 21400 155774 66508 89266

181659 181659 24790 4079 152790 61961 90829

183524 183524 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.5 0.5 14.0 -0.4 -1.2 0.3

-

2090 2090 2090 -

2672 2672 2652 20 20

4804 4804 3636 1168 1168

4859 4859 3666 1193 1193

6573 6573 6553 20 20

6950 6950 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

2067 e 2067 e 1688 e 379 379

2026 2026 1063 963 468 495

2043 2043 1062 981 482 499

824 824 478 346 346

871 871 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1696 1696 1662 34 -

e

e e e

3923 3923 3874 49 -

e

e

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

165624 e 165624 e 2345 e 163279 76453 86826

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

378 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SPAIN 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

425 425 425 425 -

1065 1065 175 890 882 8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

777 777 275 502 499 3

1054 1054 288 766 763 3

1112 1112 327 785 682 103

1176 1176 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.5 5.5 3.5 2.7 -

179000 179000 179000 179000

342000 -163000 179000 -2000 177000 177000

272000 -90000 182000 -38000 144000 144000

236000 236000 .. .. ..

x -

63000 63000 63000 63000

180000 121000 301000 2000 303000 303000

221000 328000 549000 39000 588000 588000

1012000 1012000 .. .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

753 e 753 e 102 e 651 648 3

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

-

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

80000 e 80000 e - e 80000 80000

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 379

SWEDEN

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

380 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWEDEN Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Nuclear (37.6%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (97.4%)

Hydro (54.1%)

Gas (1.2%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (45.9%)

Renewables (24.4%)

Renew. mun. waste (2.6%)

Coal (5.8%)

Oil (30.3%)

Other* (0.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

11.53 Mtoe

5.29 Mtoe

47 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Nuclear (30.0%) Gas (2.6%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (85.9%)

Hydro (37.7%)

Biogas (1.4%)

Renewables (34.2%)

Oil (27.2%)

Other* (3.4%)

TPES(1)

Coal (2.7%)

43 Mtoe

Other** (1.5%)

Liquid biomass (5.2%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (60.8%)

Renew. mun. waste (7.5%)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

14.86 Mtoe

9.03 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 381

SWEDEN 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

47.20 11.53

50.33 12.84

47.56 14.74

50.18 14.39

50.03 15.29

49.59 15.63

43.49 14.86

0.3 1.7

Renewables/TPES(%)

24.4

25.5

31.0

28.7

30.6

31.5

34.2

1.4

201.52

208.38

245.57

290.43

297.82

297.17

285.39

2.2

0.23

0.24

0.19

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.15

-1.9 -1.9

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

121

125

100

89

87

86

79

Population (millions)

8.56

8.83

8.87

9.08

9.15

9.26

9.29

0.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

5.51

5.70

5.36

5.53

5.47

5.36

4.68

-0.2

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

146.0

148.3

145.2

143.3

148.8

149.9

133.5

0.1

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

74.45

70.56

83.14

71.07

77.43

81.41

78.74

0.5

51.0

47.6

57.2

49.6

52.0

54.3

59.0

0.3

6.1

6.4

6.7

7.3

7.4

7.8

..

1.4

-

-

-

0.19

0.28

0.37

..

-

-

-

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 2.6 3.8 4.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

17569

17497

18319

20767

20561

20556

..

0.9

Hydro

16331

16152

16525

16270

16637

16437

..

0.0

427

427

19

36

45

85

..

-8.6 -

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

2

3

5

6

8

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

8

67

209

516

710

814

..

29.3

Industrial waste

-

-

-

93

200

89

..

-

Municipal waste

30

76

74

657

414

423

..

15.8

1200

1200

1490

3202

2570

2761

..

4.7

Biogas

-

-

18

24

24

24

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

90

135

207

409

440

480

..

9.7

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

63

95

145

286

308

336

..

9.7

Solid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

382 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWEDEN 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

75044 e

70684

83419

72200

78351

82436

79656

90-08 0.5

Hydro

73033

68160

78619

61856

66262

69211

65249

-0.3 -7.1

530

58

35

133

103

142

125

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

1

2

3

4

5

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

6

99

457

987

1430

1996

2485

38.1

-

-

101

145

78

42

72

-

41

46

96

568

1109

1269

1085

21.0

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.

62

Municipal waste non-renew.

1902 e

Solid biomass

70

143

851

742

846

723

15.6

2278

3970

7503

8496

8932

9889

9.0

Biogas

-

30

32

46

64

30

21

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

242

167

106

127

-

Electricity only plants

73039

68260

79077

62845

67695

71211

..

-0.1

Hydro

73033

68160

78619

61856

66262

69211

..

-0.3

530

58

35

133

103

142

..

-7.1 -

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

1

1

2

3

4

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

6

99

457

987

1430

1996

..

38.1

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2424

4342

9355

10656

11225

..

10.0

CHP plants

2005 e

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

101

145

78

42

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

41

46

96

568

1109

1269

..

21.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

62

70

143

851

742

846

..

15.6

2278

3970

7503

8496

8932

..

9.0

30

32

46

64

30

..

-

Solid biomass Biogas

1902 e -

242 167 106 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 383

SWEDEN (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change Total heat

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

24534 e

68448

90539

120952

120825

125461

127208

9.5 -

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

508

1548

821

231

697

-

Municipal waste renew.

4979

5735

6663

8646

15539

17787

18817

7.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

7569

8603

9996

12969

10365

11858

12545

2.5

11986 e

53340

72330

93059

88070

91229

88000

11.9

Biogas

-

770

1042

961

1471

788

779

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

3769

4559

3568

6370

-

Solid biomass

of which: 40923

57787

75599

78822

84142

..

13.6

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

489

1548

821

231

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

1869

3945

4388

6054

11557

13958

..

11.8

Municipal waste non-renew.

2804

5918

6583

9081

7705

9306

..

6.9

Solid biomass

3845 e

30679

45738

55737

56324

59157

..

16.4 -

CHP plants

8518 e

Biogas

-

381

589

617

670

333

..

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

2562

1745

1157

..

-

16016

27525

32752

45353

42003

41319

..

5.4

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

19

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

3110

1790

2275

2592

3982

3829

..

1.2

Municipal waste non-renew.

4765

2685

3413

3888

2660

2552

..

-3.4

Solid biomass

8141 e

22661

26592

37322

31746

32072

..

7.9

389

453

344

801

455

..

-

1207 2814 2411 Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

..

-

Heat only plants

-

Biogas

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

..

13290

14967

11904

11844

11728

11114

..

Heat pumps(1)

..

19814

21283

16605

16557

16202

15585

..

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

6524

6317

4701

4713

4474

4471

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

384 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWEDEN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

5940 5940 -5939 -1 69069 69069 -

Wind

172 172 -172 1996 1996 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

4 4 -

Geothermal

Solar thermal

-

9 9 9 9 9 -

Industrial waste

11 11 -9 -2 42 42 231 231 -

Mun. waste renew.

635 635 -527 -108 1269 1269 17787 13958 3829

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 385

SWEDEN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

423 423 -351 -72 846 846 11858 9306 2552

Wood/ wood waste

8305 8305 -1555 -1003 -904 4843 3863 7 17 3444 382 13 980 618 45 317 8932 8932 91229 59157 32072

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

33 33 -5 -5 22 22 22 12 12 323 137 186

56 56 -7 -7 42 12 12 30 30 17 17 434 183 251

Other biogas

13 13 -1 -1 12 7 7 5 5 1 1 31 13 18

Biogasoline

214 214 214 214 214 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

138 138 138 138 138 -

112 112 -1 -43 -67 106 106 3568 1157 2411

Total renew. & waste sources

16061 16061 -1 -6111 -1 -2498 -1005 -1164 5280 3863 7 17 3444 382 13 371 371 1046 684 45 317 82294 71069 11225 125461 84142 41319

Share in total energy sources

48.3% 32.4% x x x x x x 15.6% 33.1% 0.9% 4.2% 57.8% 64.5% 1.3% 4.5% 4.8% 9.1% 10.3% 1.1% 46.7% 54.9% 52.6% 76.0% 70.6% 73.3% 65.8%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

386 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWEDEN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

133 133 133 133

200 200 200 200

223 223 223 223

241 241 241 241

360 360 360 360

396 396 396 396

436 436 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2

209 209 209 209 -

84 84 84 84 -

1061 1061 1061 -

2496 2496 2496 -

1309 1309 1309 -

463 463 463 -

829 829 .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.5 4.5 -

12811 12811 12811 -

23178 23178 23178 -

26591 26591 26591 -

28351 28351 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.8 8.8 8.8 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

5856 e 5856 e 5856 -

6615 e 6615 e 6615 -

8347 e 8347 e 8347 -

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 387

SWEDEN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

12522 e 12522 e 12522 -

19217 19217 19217 -

15459 15459 15459 -

17727 17727 17727 -

18901 18901 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.0 4.0 4.0 -

322717 322717 101281 221436 181457 39979

348860 348860 144925 203935 164318 39617

353409 353409 142441 210968 170901 40067

347773 347773 144987 202786 161748 41038

324872 324872 .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.7 2.7 11.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

8784 e 8784 e 8784 -

9921 e 9921 e 9921 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

215730 215730 21839 193891 153614 40277

284018 284018 71786 e 212232 172664 39568

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

352 352 352 -

443 443 443 -

464 464 464 -

830 830 830 -

1377 1377 436 941 941

1937 1937 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

650 650 650 -

819 819 819 -

860 860 860 -

1114 1114 1114 -

2356 2356 586 1770 495 1275

2852 2852 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

388 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWEDEN 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

64 64 64 -

80 80 80 -

34 34 34 -

80 80 80 -

555 555 42 513 289 224

592 592 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

224766 234 225000 225000 225000

283797 203 284000 284000 284000

333437 -437 333000 333000 333000

309265 -265 309000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

48455 -455 48000 48000 48000

114400 -400 114000 114000 114000

153563 437 154000 154000 154000

180797 203 181000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

131213 131213 131213 -

145095 145095 145095 -

111001 111001 111001 -

108153 108153 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 389

SWITZERLAND

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

390 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWITZERLAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Nuclear (25.7%)

Other* (0.5%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (79.3%)

Hydro (73.4%)

Gas (6.8%)

Biogas (4.4%)

Renewable combustibles /waste (24.7%)

Renewables (14.5%)

Coal (1.5%)

Oil (51.0%)

Renew. mun. waste (16.3%)

Other** (2.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

24 Mtoe

3.49 Mtoe

0.86 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Nuclear (26.9%)

Other* (2.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (60.7%)

Gas (10.0%) Hydro (64.6%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (29.8%)

Renewables (17.7%)

Coal (0.6%)

Oil (42.8%)

Biogas (4.4%) Liquid biomass (0.5%)

Renew. mun. waste (34.4%)

Other** (5.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

27 Mtoe

4.76 Mtoe

1.42 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 391

SWITZERLAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

24.04 3.49

23.81 4.08

24.63 4.23

26.97 4.13

25.72 4.55

26.70 4.73

26.92 4.76

0.6 1.7

Renewables/TPES(%)

14.5

17.1

17.2

15.3

17.7

17.7

17.7

1.1

224.77

225.89

249.91

276.37

286.34

291.43

290.73

1.5

0.11

0.11

0.10

0.10

0.09

0.09

0.09

-0.9 -0.9

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

109

107

100

99

91

93

94

Population (millions)

6.80

7.08

7.21

7.56

7.62

7.71

7.68

0.7

TPES/population (toe per capita)

3.54

3.36

3.42

3.57

3.38

3.46

3.50

-0.1

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)

Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

55.0

62.2

66.1

62.1

66.5

67.1

66.8

1.1

30.23

35.75

37.69

32.14

36.48

37.33

37.04

1.2

55.0

57.4

57.0

51.7

54.9

55.6

55.4

0.1

4.8

4.8

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.8

..

1.1

-

-

-

0.01

0.01

0.01

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.2 0.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

13278

13580

15208

15418

15515

15674

..

0.9

Hydro

13125

13345

14895

15010

15101

15251

..

0.8

1455

1455

1655

1655

1636

1776

..

1.1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

2

8

15

29

34

45

..

18.9

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

12

12

14

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

148

218

262

335

336

332

..

4.6

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

3

9

33

32

32

32

..

14.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

603

1000

1303

1456

1509

1595

..

5.6

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

422

700

912

1019

1056

1117

..

5.6

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

392 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWITZERLAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

31783 e

37051 e

39990 e

35251

39089

40386

39996

1.3

Hydro

30982

35954

38230

32883

36737

37935

37507

1.1

1187

785

1396

1924

1487

1899

1784

2.6

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

11

23

27

34

34

21.6

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

15

16

19

19

-

44

106

270

284

230

244

248

10.0

Municipal waste renew.

318

411

634

908

890

912

926

6.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

318

411

634

908

890

912

926

6.0

Solid biomass

40

41

58

72

128

150

153

7.6

Biogas

80 e

123 e

150 e

158

171

180

183

4.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

31207

36234

38602

33097

36951

38163

..

1.1

Hydro

30982

35954

38230

32883

36737

37935

..

1.1

1187

785

1396

1924

1487

1899

..

2.6

Industrial waste

Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

1

5

11

23

27

34

..

21.6

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

3

15

16

19

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

102

114

157

83

82

85

..

-1.0

Municipal waste non-renew.

102

114

157

83

82

85

..

-1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20

47

44

10

7

5

..

-7.4

Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass CHP plants

576 e

817 e

1388 e

-

-

-

-

-

2154

2138

2223

..

7.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

44

106

270

284

230

244

..

10.0

Municipal waste renew.

216

297

477

825

808

827

..

7.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

216

297

477

825

808

827

..

7.7

Solid biomass

40

41

58

72

128

150

..

7.6

Biogas

60 e

76 e

106 e

148

164

175

..

6.1

Geothermal Industrial waste

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 393

SWITZERLAND (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

5547

7156

7758

10302

10947

11355

11248

4.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42

240

326

394

415

436

432

13.9

Municipal waste renew.

2749

3433

3659

4857

5012

5078

5030

3.5

Municipal waste non-renew.

2749

3433

3659

4857

5012

5078

5030

3.5

Industrial waste

Solid biomass

7

-

64

181

489

748

741

29.6

Biogas

-

50

50

13

19

15

15

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

5367

7064

7408

10289

10928

11340

..

4.2

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which:

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42

240

326

394

415

436

..

13.9

Municipal waste renew.

2659

3412

3509

4857

5012

5078

..

3.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

2659

3412

3509

4857

5012

5078

..

3.7

Solid biomass

7

-

64

181

489

748

..

29.6

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

180

92

350

13

19

15

..

-12.9

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

90

21

150

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

Solar thermal Industrial waste

Heat only plants

90

21

150

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

50

50

13

19

15

..

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

51

66

28

76

61

-

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

73

102

64

112

101

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

22

36

36

36

40

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

394 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWITZERLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

3099 3099 -2873 -226 36036 36036 -

Wind

2 2 -2 19 19 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

3 3 -3 34 34 -

Geothermal

193 193 193 14 14 179 154 24 1 1 -

Solar thermal

30 30 30 30 14 3 12 -

Industrial waste

290 290 -34 256 256 86 122 4 43 1 244 244 436 436 -

Mun. waste renew.

471 471 -29 -240 201 201 201 912 85 827 5078 5078 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 395

SWITZERLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

471 471 -29 -240 201 201 201 912 85 827 5078 5078 -

Wood/ wood waste

844 19 -9 854 -70 -16 768 197 3 3 1 27 59 1 102 572 412 145 15 150 150 748 748 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

2 2 -1 -1 5 5 15 15

43 43 -13 29 29 29 117 117 -

Other biogas

21 21 -13 8 6 6 2 2 58 58 -

Biogasoline

2 2 2 2 2 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

8 8 8 8 8 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

5479 19 -9 5489 -2875 -288 -70 -556 -1 1696 473 3 86 122 3 5 70 59 1 123 10 10 1214 580 603 30 1 38487 36264 2223 11355 11340 15

Share in total energy sources

43.0% 0.1% 0.3% 20.6% x x x x x 8.1% 11.5% 1.2% 10.9% 24.7% 0.4% 1.1% 12.4% 27.3% 1.4% 22.4% 0.2% 0.2% 11.9% 9.6% 16.0% 25.7% 0.4% 57.4% 56.7% 71.6% 63.2% 83.6% 0.3%

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

396 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWITZERLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

2553 2553 2553 2553

3251 3251 3251 3251

3808 3808 3808 273 3535

6322 6322 6322 454 5868

6841 6841 6841 491 6350

8096 8096 8096 581 7515

9581 9581 .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.6 6.6 6.6 6.2

316 316 316 316

646 646 646 646

980 980 980 15 965

1077 1077 1077 17 1060

1144 1144 1144 18 1126

1257 1257 1257 20 1237

1381 1381 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.0 8.0 8.0 7.9

6710 6710 253 6457 6457 -

8450 8450 920 7530 7530 -

11350 11350 1475 9875 9875 -

12250 12250 1581 10669 10669 -

11560 11560 1335 10225 10225 -

12150 12150 1417 10733 10733 -

10587 10587 .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.4 3.4 10.0 2.9 2.9 -

5874 5874 5874 -

7265 7265 7265 -

9112 9112 8910 202 202

18780 18780 10977 7803 7803

20935 20935 11079 9856 9856

19720 19720 11291 8429 8429

20395 20395 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.0 7.0 3.7 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 397

SWITZERLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

7265 7265 7265 -

9112 9112 8910 202 202

18780 18780 10977 7803 7803

20935 20935 11079 9856 9856

19720 19720 11291 8429 8429

20395 20395 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.0 7.0 3.7 -

30630 120 30750 180 30570 7271 23299

28060 28060 348 27712 9436 18276

32170 32170 1129 31041 10548 20493

30980 510 31490 1 2180 29311 9960 19351

35330 430 35760 3593 32167 8232 23935

35547 490 36037 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.2 2.6 1.2 x 17.9 0.7 -1.0

135 135 123 12 12

106 106 96 10 10

95 95 85 10 10

85 85 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-5.2 -5.2 -4.2 -9.6 -9.6

1767 1767 546 1221 1221

1783 1783 559 1224 1224

1783 1783 564 1219 1219

1783 1783 .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.0 2.0 3.9 1.3 1.3

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

5874 5874 5874 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

28360 270 28630 186 28444 28444

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

247 e 247 e 185 e 62 62

614 e 614 e 521 e 93 93

573 e 573 e 508 e 65 65

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1257 1257 285 972 972

e

e e

e

1404 1404 347 1057 1057

e

e e

e

1617 1617 452 1165 1165

e

e e

e e e

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

398 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

SWITZERLAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

101 101 17 84 42 42

159 e 159 e 38 e 121 90 31

300 300 102 e 198 171 27

605 605 332 273 220 53

762 762 455 307 238 69

873 873 542 331 258 73

746 746 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.7 12.7 21.2 7.9 10.6 3.1

-

-

-

1000 1000 1000 1000

2531 469 3000 3000 3000

2607 393 3000 3000 3000

2000 2000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

8000 8000 8000 8000

10511 489 11000 11000 11000

11184 -184 11000 11000 11000

8000 8000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 399

TURKEY

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

400 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

TURKEY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Solid biomass/charcoal (100.0%)

Gas (5.4%)

Oil (44.4%)

Other* (-0.1%)

Hydro (20.6%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (74.6%)

Renewables (18.3%) Other** (4.8%) Coal (32.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

53 Mtoe

9.66 Mtoe

7.21 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Gas (31.3%) Solid biomass/charcoal (99.2%)

Hydro (31.8%) Renewables (10.5%)

Biogas (0.6%) Renewable combustibles/ waste (47.7%)

Oil (27.2%)

Liquid biomass (0.1%)

Other** (20.6%) Coal (31.0%)

TPES(1) 92 Mtoe

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

9.72 Mtoe

4.63 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 401

TURKEY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

52.76 9.66

61.55 10.78

76.35 10.10

93.03 10.36

100.01 9.60

98.50 9.31

92.15 9.72

3.5 -0.2

Renewables/TPES(%)

18.3

17.5

13.2

11.1

9.6

9.5

10.5

-3.6

185.95

217.79

266.56

355.99

372.61

375.96

357.46

4.0

0.28

0.28

0.29

0.26

0.27

0.26

0.26

-0.4

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)

99

99

100

91

94

91

90

-0.4

55.12

59.76

64.26

69.42

70.26

71.08

72.05

1.4

TPES/population (toe per capita)

0.96

1.03

1.19

1.34

1.42

1.39

1.28

2.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

57.5

86.2

124.9

176.3

191.6

198.4

194.1

7.1

23.23

35.85

31.15

44.52

36.46

34.42

38.03

2.2

40.4

41.6

24.9

25.3

19.0

17.3

19.6

-4.6

8.4

10.3

10.5

12.4

14.1

13.4

..

2.6

-

-

-

0.02

0.01

0.02

..

-

-

-

TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

6782

9895

11307

13258

13679

14352

..

4.3

Hydro

6764

9863

11175

13063

13395

13829

..

4.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18

18

18

23

23

30

..

2.9

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

19

59

146

364

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

19

27

27

27

..

-

Municipal waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

14

72

72

72

69

..

-

Biogas

-

-

4

14

16

33

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

-

-

7700

11500

12000

12000

..

-

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

-

-

5390

8050

8400

8400

..

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

402 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

TURKEY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

23228

35849

31208

44618

36576

34498

38075

2.2

Hydro

23148

35541

30879

44244

35851

33270

35880

2.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

86

76

94

156

162

456

4.0

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

33

127

355

847

1484

-

Industrial waste

-

-

54

96

119

77

42

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

222

145

22

25

24

30

-

Biogas

-

-

21

35

70

118

183

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

23228

35627

31116

44598

36555

34483

..

2.2

Hydro

23148

35541

30879

44244

35851

33270

..

2.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80

86

76

94

156

162

..

4.0

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

-

-

33

127

355

847

..

-

Industrial waste

-

-

54

96

119

77

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

53

5

7

9

..

-

Biogas

-

-

21

32

67

118

..

-

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

of which:

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

222

92

20

21

15

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

222

92

17

18

15

..

-

Biogas

-

-

-

3

3

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 403

TURKEY (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

404 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

TURKEY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

2861 2861 -2797 -64 33270 33270 -

Wind

73 73 -73 847 847 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

-

Geothermal

1150 1150 -140 1011 1011 1011 162 162 -

Solar thermal

420 420 420 126 126 294 294 -

Industrial waste

22 22 -3 -19 77 77 -

Mun. waste renew.

-

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 405

TURKEY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

-

Wood/ wood waste

4764 4764 -4 -6 4755 4755 4755 24 9 15 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

1 1 -1 3 3 -

Other biogas

-

25 25 -20 -5 115 115 -

Biogasoline

6 6 6 6 6 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

9 9 9 9 9 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

9331 9331 -3033 -93 -6 6201 126 126 15 15 6060 6060 34498 34483 15 -

Share in total energy sources

32.2% 9.5% x x x 8.3% 0.7% 2.6% 0.1% 0.1% 16.9% 26.8% 17.4% 18.1% 0.2% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

406 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

TURKEY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

18137 18137 2880 15257 15257

21384 21384 3096 18288 18288

28623 28623 2736 25887 25887

40974 40974 3384 37590 37590

43869 43869 5609 38260 38260

48178 48178 5849 42329 42329

60436 60436 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.6 5.6 4.0 5.8 5.8

1172 1172 1172 335 837

5986 5986 5986 1591 4395

10967 10967 10967 4060 6907

16849 16849 16849 5086 11763

17581 17581 17581 5274 12307

17584 17584 17584 5275 12309

17951 17951 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

16.2 16.2 16.2 16.5 16.1

-

-

648 e 648 e 648 e -

1152 1152 1152 -

1428 1428 1428 -

924 924 924 -

1056 1056 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 407

TURKEY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

214924 214924 319 214605 214605

209100 209100 372 208728 208728

199518 199518 411 199107 199107

192496 192496 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

301722 301722 301722 301722

295863 295863 11625 284238 284238

e

-

-

-

48 48 48 -

48 48 48 -

36 36 36 -

49 49 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

e e

e

e

271875 e 271875 e 1585 270290 270290

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

408 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

TURKEY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

209 209 209 -

283 283 283 -

581 581 581 -

1055 1055 1055 -

1151 1151 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

10000 10000 10000 10000

9000 9000 .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

22000 22000 22000 22000

14000 14000 14000 14000

10000 10000 10000 10000

1000 1000 .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 409

UNITED KINGDOM

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

410 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED KINGDOM Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (22.9%) Solid biomass/charcoal (53.2%)

Hydro (43.5%)

Other* (0.5%)

Oil (37.1%)

Biogas (34.5%)

Nuclear (8.3%) Renewables (0.5%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (55.3%) Renew. mun. waste (12.3%)

Other** (1.1%)

Coal (30.6%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

206 Mtoe

1.03 Mtoe

0.57 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Biogas (38.8%)

Hydro (7.4%)

Other* (0.4%)

Gas (39.5%)

Nuclear (9.1%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (30.9%)

Other** (12.9%)

Renew. mun. waste (10.4%)

Renewables (3.1%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (79.7%)

Coal (15.2%)

Oil (32.7%)

Liquid biomass (19.9%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which : RCW(2)

198 Mtoe

6.11 Mtoe

4.86 Mtoe

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 35 30

TWh

25 20 15 10 5 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 411

UNITED KINGDOM 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

205.92 1.03

216.26 1.84

222.94 2.26

218.95 4.22

210.06 4.61

208.45 5.33

197.60 6.11

0.1 9.6

Renewables/TPES(%)

0.5

0.8

1.0

1.9

2.2

2.6

3.1

9.5

1150.27

1247.82

1477.51

1719.15

1763.15

1772.81

1711.84

2.4

0.18

0.17

0.15

0.13

0.12

0.12

0.12

-2.3 -2.3

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

119

115

100

84

79

78

77

57.24

58.03

58.89

60.59

60.98

61.35

61.78

0.4

3.60

3.73

3.79

3.61

3.45

3.40

3.20

-0.3

317.8

332.5

374.4

393.4

393.2

385.3

368.1

1.1

5.81

6.87

9.97

18.12

19.65

21.60

24.53

7.6

1.8

2.1

2.7

4.6

5.0

5.6

6.7

6.4

36.4

36.8

38.9

39.9

40.4

39.4

..

0.4

-

-

-

0.18

0.35

0.79

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.4 0.9 2.0 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total capacity

4028

4735

5473

7900

8519

9585

..

4.9

Hydro

3897

4220

4273

4240

4269

4373

..

0.6

2787

2788

2788

2726

2744

2744

..

-0.1

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaic

-

-

2

14

18

23

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

1

1

1

1

..

-

10

200

412

1955

2477

3406

..

38.3

Wind Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste

31

87

184

237

237

273

..

12.8

Solid biomass Biogas

-

46

133

512

530

513

..

-

90

182

468

941

987

996

..

14.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

205

254

396

1066

1320

1641

..

12.3

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

144

178

277

746

924

1149

..

12.2

Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

412 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED KINGDOM 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total electricity1

7876

8835

13183

24226

25330

27332

30089

7.2

Hydro

7189

6390

7780

8446

8948

9257

8908

1.4

1982

1552

2694

3853

3859

4089

3662

4.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

11

14

17

17

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

of which: pumped storage

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

9

391

947

4225

5274

7097

8515

44.9

-

-

-

1607

1117

909

1049

-

140

471

840

1083

1177

1226

1415

12.8

83

412

519

650

707

736

849

12.9

-

199

541

3324

2920

2767

3193

-

455

972

2555

4880

5173

5323

6143

14.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity only plants

7560

8425

12761

22339

23615

25644

..

7.0

Hydro

7189

6390

7780

8446

8948

9257

..

1.4

1982

1552

2694

3853

3859

4089

..

4.1

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar photovoltaics

-

-

1

11

14

17

..

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tide, wave, ocean

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

9

391

947

4225

5274

7097

..

44.9

Industrial waste

-

-

-

350

55

59

..

-

140

471

804

931

1047

999

..

11.5

83

412

500

559

629

600

..

11.6

-

199

541

3324

2920

2767

..

-

139

562

2188

4493

4728

4848

..

21.8

Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas Liquid biomass

of which:

of which: pumped storage

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

316

410

422

1887

1715

1688

..

9.8

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

1257

1062

850

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

36

152

130

227

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

19

91

78

136

..

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

316

410

367

387

445

475

..

2.3

Liquid biomass

Biogas

Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 413

UNITED KINGDOM 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

414 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED KINGDOM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Hydro

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

444 444 -363 -81 5168 5168 -

Wind

610 610 -610 7097 7097 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Solar PV

1 1 -1 17 17 -

Geothermal

1 1 1 1 1 -

Solar thermal

56 56 56 56 56 -

Industrial waste

164 164 -9 -155 909 59 850 -

Mun. waste renew.

438 438 -312 -45 81 52 52 29 7 22 1226 999 227 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 415

UNITED KINGDOM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

263 263 -187 -27 49 31 31 17 4 13 736 600 136 -

Wood/ wood waste

998 350 1348 -583 -231 534 171 171 363 301 62 2767 2767 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

1417 1417 -1404 13 13 13 4758 4758 -

220 220 -28 -139 54 54 54 565 90 475 -

Biogasoline

Other biogas

-

35 69 104 104 104 104 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

248 438 686 686 686 686 -

-

Total renew. & waste sources

4895 857 5752 -946 -2863 -366 1578 267 267 790 790 520 312 89 62 57 23243 21555 1688 -

Share in total energy sources

2.9% 0.6% 2.8% x x x 1.1% 0.9% 3.2% 1.8% 2.0% 0.9% 0.7% 0.6% 7.2% 3.4% 6.0% 6.0% 6.4% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

416 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED KINGDOM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 33 33

33 33 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

428 428 428 428

428 428 428 428

469 469 469 469

1519 1519 1519 1519

1879 1879 1879 1879

2333 2333 2333 2333

2333 2333 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

1909 1909 1909 e 398 1511

1472 1472 1472 1472

10371 10371 10371 -

7749 7749 7749 -

6876 6876 6876 -

7307 7307 .. .. .. .. .. ..

13.8 13.8 -

11055 11055 10266 789 92 697

16816 16816 -1 14153 2662 1183 1479

17514 17514 14381 3133 1654 1479

18359 18359 14967 3392 2178 1214

21189 21189 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

10.7 10.7 x 11.7 7.6 1.7

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

676 676 676 e 398 278

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

2933 2933 2033 900 900

5682 5682 4931 751 751

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 417

UNITED KINGDOM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

4966 4966 4310 656 656

6441 6441 6028 413 54 359

10089 10089 1 8492 1598 710 888

10508 10508 8628 1880 992 888

11016 11016 -1 8980 2035 1307 728

12707 12707 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

10.8 10.8 x 11.8 7.7 1.7

12685 12685 12685 2386 10299

37090 37090 4685 32405 20850 11555

27588 27588 6742 20846 11137 9709

38950 17479 56429 -1 38562 17866 4760 13106

42138 13301 55439 35099 20340 6066 14274

41792 14640 56432 34063 22369 7161 15208

48226 14640 62866 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.8 8.6 x 3.2 6.3 2.2

2999 2999 1718 1281 1281 -

7510 7510 6945 565 565 -

27566 27566 27038 528 528 -

55208 55208 54680 528 528 -

58326 58326 1 57799 528 528 -

59321 59321 58793 528 528 -

68460 68460 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

18.0 18.0 x 21.7 -4.8 -4.8 -

5223 5223 3904 1319 1319

7295 7295 5072 2223 2223

6346 6346 4537 1809 1809

7354 7354 5630 1724 1724

8008 8008 6125 1883 1883

9221 9221 6976 2245 2245

10641 10641 .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.2 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.0

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

1747 1747 1211 536 536

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

418 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED KINGDOM 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

75207 -207 75000 75000 75000

13746 106963 291 121000 121000 121000

55301 107642 57 163000 163000 163000

142358 107642 250000 .. ..

x -

-

-

-

256072 -107422 350 149000 149000 149000

426786 -121508 -5278 300000 5000 305000 305000

281591 498352 57 780000 780000 780000

420648 498352 919000 .. .. ..

x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 419

UNITED STATES

Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)

Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

420 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED STATES Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Gas (22.9%)

Other* (0.2%) Nuclear (8.3%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (95.2%)

Hydro (24.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (60.6%)

Renewables (5.0%)

Oil (39.5%)

Biogas (1.3%)

Renew. mun. waste (3.6%)

Other** (15.0%)

Coal (24.0%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

of which: RCW(2)

1,915 Mtoe

96.17 Mtoe

58.25 Mtoe

Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2009 estimated Other* (0.3%)

Gas (25.0%)

Nuclear (10.0%)

Solid biomass/charcoal (60.1%)

Hydro (20.0%)

Renewables (5.4%)

Renewable combustibles/ waste (65.7%)

Other** (14.3%) Oil (36.8%)

Biogas (6.6%)

Coal (22.4%)

TPES(1)

of which: Total renewables

2,172 Mtoe

118.25 Mtoe

Liquid biomass (28.2%)

Renew. mun. waste (5.1%)

of which : RCW(2) 77.74 Mtoe

TWh

Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 4 5 3 2 6 7 7 6 9 5 8 8 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 e 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 2009 Hydro

Geothermal

Wind/Solar/Tide

Solid biomass/Biogas/ Liquid biomass/Renew. municipal waste

Industrial waste/Non-renew. municipal waste

* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Renewable combustibles/waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 421

UNITED STATES 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)

1915.00 96.17

2067.21 104.84

2273.33 101.96

2296.64 109.62

2336.55 109.09

2283.72 116.83

2172.11 118.25

1.0 1.1

Renewables/TPES(%)

5.0

5.1

4.5

4.8

4.7

5.1

5.4

0.1

7063.99

8001.95

9898.80

11448.54

11693.18

11742.29

11591.77

2.9

0.27

0.26

0.23

0.20

0.20

0.19

0.19

-1.8 -1.8

TPES (Mtoe)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)

118

112

100

87

87

85

82

250.18

266.59

282.41

298.82

301.74

304.53

307.53

1.1

7.65

7.75

8.05

7.69

7.74

7.50

7.06

-0.1

Electricity generation (TWh)(3)

3202.8

3558.4

4025.9

4275.0

4323.9

4343.8

4161.2

1.7

of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)

369.24

384.34

330.36

395.21

361.81

391.59

422.56

0.3

Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe)

11.5

10.8

8.2

9.2

8.4

9.0

10.2

-1.4

391.4

434.9

490.7

534.3

537.9

518.4

..

1.6

-

2.65

3.19

11.32

14.36

19.90

..

-

-

-

of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.6 0.6 2.1 2.7 3.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .

2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change

Total capacity Hydro

1990

1995

108105 e

115442 e

2008

2009e

90-08

114920

124541 e

131145

140225

..

1.5

98881

99282

99771

99788

..

0.4

-

21387

19522

21461

21886

21858

..

-

2669

2968

2793

2274

2214

2256

..

-0.9

339

67 e 333

176 e

698 e

974 e

419

401

465

1495 e

..

-

465

..

1.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1911

1731

2377

11329

16515

24651

..

15.3

Tide, wave, ocean Wind

2007

100060

Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal

2006

92360

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

2000

Industrial waste

538 e

696 e

638

456

366

527

..

-0.1

Municipal waste

2001 e

2191 e

2627

2188

2218

2215

..

0.6

Solid biomass

7958 e

6961 e

6129

6670

7056

7172

..

-0.6

329 e

435 e

880

1176

1491

1574

..

9.1

-

-

-

67

75

82

..

-

Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)

18530

21215

19395

17222

17843

18439

..

-0.0

Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)

12971

14851

13577

12055

12490

12907

..

-0.0

Biogas Liquid biomass

2

(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

422 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED STATES 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total electricity1

395066 e

1990

419738

372679 e

434247 e

400272 e

429547 e

455065

0.5

Hydro

288960

337856

279986

317689

275545

281995

297589

-0.1

15808

23740

26782

25820

25926

25281

23134

2.6

16012

14941

14621

16581

16798

17014

16524

0.3

3

4

663

824

of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal

1995

183 e

737 e

526

550

90-08

1000 e

1572 e

1572

41.6

673

879

878

1.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wind

3066

3196

5650

26676

34603

55696

71156

17.5

Industrial waste

4710 e

4268

7170

5605

5006

5203

1923

0.6

Municipal waste renew.

5306 e

7386

8364

9690

9578

9513

9466

3.3

Municipal waste non-renew.

5307

7387

8363

7613

7526

7474

7444

1.9

68545 e

40587

42586

41884

41990

41619

40226

-2.7

2494 e

3289

5230

7058

7469

8494

8194

7.0

-

-

164

84

88

93

-

Tide, wave, ocean

Solid biomass Biogas

-

Liquid biomass

of which: Electricity only plants

333179 e

382658

330831 e

394833 e

361053 e

391503 e

..

0.9

Hydro

288960

337856

279986

317689

275545

281995

..

-0.1

15808

23740

26782

25820

25926

25281

..

2.6

16012

14941

14621

16581

16798

17014

..

0.3

3

4

663 3066

of which: pumped storage Geothermal

183 e

737 e

1000 e

1572 e

..

41.6

824

526

-

-

550

673

879

..

1.6

-

-

-

-

3196

-

5650

26676

34603

55696

..

17.5

749 e

440

923

1427

1116

1288

..

3.1

Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew.

4846 e

6716

7263

8664

8509

8460

..

3.1

4847

6716

7262

6807

6686

6647

..

1.8

11539 e

8887

10512

9592

9635

10537

..

-0.5

2494 e

3078

3905

6103

6474

7407

..

6.2

-

-

7

14

8

..

-

37080

41848

39414

39219

38044

..

-2.7

Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste

Solid biomass Biogas

-

Liquid biomass CHP plants

61887 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3961 e

-

3828

6247

4178

3890

3915

..

-0.1

Municipal waste renew.

460 e

670

1101

1026

1069

1053

..

4.7

Municipal waste non-renew.

460

671

1101

806

840

827

..

3.3

31700

32074

32292

32355

31082

..

-3.3

211

1325

955

995

1087

..

-

Geothermal Industrial waste

Solid biomass

57006 e

Biogas

-

157 70 80 .. Liquid biomass (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 423

UNITED STATES (1)

4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

Total heat

-

28539

27118

42972

47677

44549

49354

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

1993

187

3899

3525

3751

3734

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

3635

7626

5642

5996

6372

6450

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

3635

7625

4433

4711

5006

5003

-

Solid biomass

-

19276

9489

27903

32164

28358

32065

-

Biogas

-

-

2191

1095

1281

1062

2102

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CHP plants

-

28539

27118

42972

47677

44549

..

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

1993

187

3899

3525

3751

..

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

3635

7626

5642

5996

6372

..

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

3635

7625

4433

4711

5006

..

-

Solid biomass

-

19276

9489

27903

32164

28358

..

-

Biogas

-

-

2191

1095

1281

1062

..

-

Liquid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Heat only plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Geothermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solar thermal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial waste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Municipal waste non-renew.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Solid biomass

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Biogas

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Liquid biomass (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.

-

-

of which:

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics

4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total heat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

90-08 -

Heat pumps(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(-) Input to heat pumps

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waste heat (2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

424 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED STATES 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008

thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses

TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants

Hydro

22077 22077 -21926 -152 256714 256714 -

Wind

4790 4790 -4790 55696 55696 -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Tide wave ocean

-

Geothermal

Solar PV

135 135 -7 -129 1572 1572 -

e

e

e

e e

9081 9081 -7917 1164 126 126 1038 665 373 17014 17014 -

Solar thermal

1565 1565 -196 1369 1369 1369 878 878 -

Industrial waste

2411 2411 -214 -140 -166 -682 1209 1207 135 463 10 595 3 2 2 5203 1288 3915 3751 3751 -

Mun. waste renew.

4052 4052 -3003 -266 -361 -67 354 63 63 291 291 9513 8460 1053 6372 6372 -

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 425

UNITED STATES 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2008 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.

3184 3184 -2359 -209 -284 -53 278 49 49 229 229 7474 6647 827 5006 5006 -

Wood/ wood waste

50440 50440 -3495 -276 -1283 -4090 41296 28419 92 4 509 22495 5146 174 12877 10771 1749 357 41619 10537 31082 28358 28358 -

Charcoal

-

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

4500 4500 -2048 -50 -167 -20 2214 2209 1 1 2208 5 5 7823 7193 630 286 286 -

Other biogas

-

206 206 -53 -6 -27 -83 36 9 5 4 28 28 671 214 457 776 776 -

Biogasoline

17833 1014 -297 18550 18550 18550 18550 -

Other liquid biofuels

Biodiesel

2528 1027 -2208 1347 1347 1347 1347 -

85 85 -1 -1 -12 71 71 2 70 88 8 80 -

Total renew. & waste sources

122887 2041 -2208 -297 122423 -46009 -1229 -2288 -5007 67888 32153 229 467 1 524 23165 5149 2620 19897 19897 15839 12805 2677 357 404265 366221 38044 44549 44549 -

Share in total energy sources

7.2% 0.3% 1.3% x 5.4% x x x x 4.4% 10.9% 0.3% 1.7% 0.0% 1.6% 41.4% 38.8% 18.8% 3.3% 3.8% 3.1% 4.8% 1.3% 2.3% 9.3% 9.1% 12.0% 8.4% 8.4% -

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

426 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED STATES 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

590501 590501 576432 14069 14069

554876 554876 537876 17000 17000

548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093

361754 361754 323033 38721 4642 34079

367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404

380276 380276 331533 48743 5275 43468

378637 378637 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.4 -2.4 -3.0 7.1 6.5

2387 2387 2387 -

2967 2967 2967 -

58699 58699 5157 53542 53542

61691 61691 6216 55475 55475

65519 65519 8193 57326 57326

67610 67610 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

20.2 20.2 7.1 -

Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

65871 e 65871 e 5569 60302 60302

Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

80721 e 80721 e 80721 e -

128432 128432 125190 3242 3242 -

172192 172192 69406 102786 102131 655

127560 e 127560 e 52643 e 74917 74506 411

137921 137921 46643 91278 90652 626

100959 100959 50347 50612 50531 81

60939 60939 .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.3 1.3 -2.6 -

86915 e 86915 e 86915 e -

135119 135119 135119 -

171490 171490 128715 42775 23850 18925

169626 169626 152685 16941 4258 12683 e

164485 164485 152341 12144 3775 8369

169671 169671 154846 14825 2623 12202

165956 165956 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.8 3.8 3.3 -

Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition) - 427

UNITED STATES 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

135118 135118 135118 -

171489 171489 128714 42775 23850 18925

133278 133278 119968 13310 3345 9965 e

129238 129238 119696 9542 2966 6576

133314 133314 121666 11648 2061 9587

130173 130173 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.4 2.4 1.9 -

2321772 e 2321772 e 1375699 e 946073 379180 566893

2401242 2401242 1281621 1119621 477117 642504

2303809 2303809 502381 1801428 1294091 507337

2197995 2197995 384102 1813893 1345615 468278

2157987 2157987 394897 1763090 1246816 516274

2112246 2112246 382917 1729329 1190082 539247

1956519 1956519 .. .. .. .. .. ..

-0.5 -0.5 -6.9 3.4 6.6 -0.3

30674 e 30674 e 30674 e -

42788 42788 42788 -

117526 117526 58068 59458 57035 2423

157361 157361 76413 80948 80398 550

173398 173398 80121 93277 92744 533

188446 188446 95718 92728 92516 212

204471 204471 .. .. .. .. .. ..

10.6 10.6 6.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

86914 86914 86914 -

Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

-

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

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428 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2010 Edition)

UNITED STATES 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

90-08

-

-

6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822

11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771

10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137

8606 8606 7082 1524 363 1161

8877 8877 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4063000 49000 26000 4138000 8000 4146000 4146000

4498000 15000 79000 4592000 365000 4957000 4957000

14646599 2192443 -403043 16435999 1 16436000 16436000

19554534 1317003 -223537 20648000 20648000 20648000

27913980 1588161 -465141 29037000 29037000 29037000

32260579 581108 -312687 32529000 .. .. ..

x x -

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

20667 333 21000 21000 21000

834800 200 835000 835000 835000

1632750 -438896 146 1194000 1194000 1194000

2585577 -1207701 124 1378000 1378000 1378000

1798515 -628400 -71115 1099000 .. ..

x -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -

177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -

165422 165422 27508 137914 137914 -

205483 205483 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. ..

-

Other biogas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport

Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other

Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

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Energy Data Manager / Statistician Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France The IEA

Principal Qualifications

The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries.

x University degree in a topic relevant to energy, computer programming or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Economics, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Public Administration and Business.

The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience. Job description The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data managers are responsible for receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from member countries and other sources into large computerised databases. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations of member and non-member countries. The data managers/statisticians also play a key role in helping to design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s).

x Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Good computer programming skills in Visual Basic. x Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines. Ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently. x Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry. x Very good knowledge of one of the two official languages of the Organisation (English or French). Knowledge of other languages would be an advantage. x Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required. Nationals of any OECD member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries start at 3 000 Euros per month. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Personnel and Finance Division International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Email: [email protected]

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Ten Annual Publications  Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2010 Edition No other publication offers such in-depth statistical coverage. It is intended for anyone involved in analytical or policy work related to energy issues. It contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas, combustible renewables/wastes and products derived from these primary fuels, as well as for electricity and heat. Complete data are available for 2007 and 2008 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2009). Historical tables summarise data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data. Published July 2010 - Price €120

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IEA Publications, 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 Printed in France by JOUVE, August 2010 (61 2010 06 1 P1) ISBN 978-92-64-08416-2