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IEA

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COAL

INFORMATION

2010

International Energy Agency

COAL

2010

INFORMATION Coal Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the world coal sector. This reference document brings together essential statistics on coal. It therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, which in turn can better inform the policy decision process toward selecting policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. An Introduction, notes, definitions and auxiliary information are provided in Part I. Part II of the publication provides a review of the world coal market in 2009, while Part III provides a statistical overview of developments, which covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. Part IV provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in OECD member countries, by region and individually. Part V provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD coal-producing and -consuming countries. Coal Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information, Oil Information and Renewables Information.

(61 2010 08 1 P1) e165 ISBN 978-92-64-08420-9

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COAL

INFORMATION

2010 with 2009 data

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its mandate is two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply and to advise member countries on sound energy policy. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among 28 advanced economies, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency aims to: n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders.

© OECD/IEA, 2010 International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France

IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp

The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.3

TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... I.9 2. Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... I.11

Energy sources and flows ................................................................................................................................. I.11 Units and conversions ....................................................................................................................................... I.15 Factors related to specific fuels ........................................................................................................................ I.16 3. Sources and notes .................................................................................................................................. I.17

General notes .................................................................................................................................................... I.17 Price data .......................................................................................................................................................... I.18 Quarterly energy statistics ................................................................................................................................ I.19 Data sources ...................................................................................................................................................... I.19 4. Country notes.......................................................................................................................................... I.21 5. Geographical coverage .......................................................................................................................... I.27 6. Abbreviations, conversion factors and calorific values ..................................................................... I.29

PART II: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW 1. Summary .................................................................................................................................................... II.3 2. Production ................................................................................................................................................. II.5 3. Consumption ............................................................................................................................................. II.9 4. Trade ........................................................................................................................................................ II.13 5. Prices ....................................................................................................................................................... II.19 6. CO2 emissions (2007) ............................................................................................................................. II.25 7. Coal Upgrading: (An extract from an IEA Clean Coal Centre Report) ............................................... II.29

PART III: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW 1. Production

Table 1.1: Table 1.2: Table 1.3: Table 1.4: Table 1.5:

World hard coal production ......................................................................................................... III.5 World coking coal production ...................................................................................................... III.7 World steam coal production........................................................................................................ III.8 World brown coal production..................................................................................................... III.10 OECD production of coke oven coke ......................................................................................... III.12

2. Consumption

Table 2.1: Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Table 2.4: Table 2.5:

World hard coal consumption .................................................................................................... III.15 World coking coal consumption ................................................................................................. III.18 World steam coal consumption .................................................................................................. III.20 World brown coal consumption ................................................................................................. III.23 OECD consumption of coke oven coke ..................................................................................... III.25 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

3. Trade

Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade ................................................................................................... III.29 Table 3.2: World total hard coal trade ......................................................................................................... III.29 Table 3.3: World steam coal trade ............................................................................................................... III.30 Table 3.4: World coking coal trade ............................................................................................................. III.30 Table 3.5: World hard coal imports - regional aggregates .......................................................................... III.31 Table 3.6: World brown coal imports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.31 Table 3.7: World hard coal imports - selected countries ............................................................................. III.32 Table 3.8: World brown coal imports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.32 Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.33 Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates ........................................................................ III.33 Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries ......................................................................... III.34 Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries ........................................................................... III.34 Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports ................................................................................................. III.35 Table 3.14: World hard coal exports - regional aggregates .......................................................................... III.36 Table 3.15: World brown coal exports - regional aggregates ........................................................................ III.36 Table 3.16: World hard coal exports - selected countries.............................................................................. III.37 Table 3.17: World brown coal exports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.37 Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.38 Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates ......................................................................... III.38 Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.39 Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries ........................................................................... III.39 Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports .................................................................................................. III.40 4. Prices

Table 4.1: Table 4.2: Table 4.3: Table 4.4: Table 4.5: Table 4.6: Table 4.7: Table 4.8: Table 4.9:

Japan coking coal import costs ................................................................................................... III.43 EU coking coal import costs from selected countries ................................................................ III.43 Japan steam coal import costs ................................................................................................... III.44 EU steam coal import costs from selected countries .................................................................. III.44 Steam coal export costs .............................................................................................................. III.45 Coking coal export costs ............................................................................................................ III.45 Coking coal prices for industry .................................................................................................. III.46 Steam coal prices for industry .................................................................................................... III.47 Steam coal prices for electricity generation ............................................................................... III.48

5. Coal for other uses

Table 5.1: Table 5.2: Table 5.3: Table 5.4:

OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity ......................................................... III.51 OECD coal use for electricity production and heat sold ............................................................ III.52 OECD coal use in coke ovens .................................................................................................... III.53 World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals ..................................................... III.53

6. Figures

Figure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7: Figure 8: Figure 9: Figure 10: Figure 11: Figure 12: Figure 13: Figure 14:

World steam and coking coal production ................................................................................... III.57 World steam and coking coal trade ............................................................................................ III.57 Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ............................................. III.58 Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ............................................... III.58 Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t)................................................................... III.59 Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (mt) ...................................... III.59 OECD total primary energy supply ............................................................................................ III.60 OECD coal consumption and indicators .................................................................................... III.60 Japan steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ..................................................... III.61 EU member states steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ................................. III.61 Hard coal production by region .................................................................................................. III.62 Hard coal consumption by region............................................................................................... III.62 Hard coal imports by region ....................................................................................................... III.63 Hard coal exports by region ....................................................................................................... III.63

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.5

PART IV: DETAILED OECD COAL DATA Directory of part IV figures and tables ............. IV.3 OECD Total .......................................................... IV.5 OECD North America ......................................... IV.15 OECD/IEA Pacific .............................................. IV.24 OECD Europe ..................................................... IV.33 IEA Total ............................................................ IV.43 IEA North America ............................................. IV.52 IEA Europe ......................................................... IV.61 Australia .............................................................. IV.70 Austria ................................................................. IV.79 Belgium ............................................................... IV.87 Canada................................................................. IV.96 Czech Republic ................................................. IV.105 Denmark ............................................................ IV.114 Finland .............................................................. IV.123 France ................................................................ IV.131 Germany............................................................ IV.140 Greece ............................................................... IV.150 Hungary............................................................. IV.158

Iceland ............................................................... IV.165 Ireland ................................................................ IV.172 Italy.................................................................... IV.180 Japan .................................................................. IV.188 Korea ................................................................. IV.196 Luxembourg ...................................................... IV.204 Mexico ............................................................... IV.211 Netherlands........................................................ IV.218 New Zealand...................................................... IV.228 Norway .............................................................. IV.235 Poland ................................................................ IV.243 Portugal ............................................................. IV.252 Slovak Republic ................................................ IV.260 Spain .................................................................. IV.267 Sweden .............................................................. IV.275 Switzerland ........................................................ IV.283 Turkey ............................................................... IV.290 United Kingdom ................................................ IV.297 United States...................................................... IV.306

PART V: NON-OECD COAL DATA General notes ......................................................... V.3 World coal supply and end-use statistics 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005 to 2008 ............... V.5 National coal balances and trade statistics: Brazil ..................................................................... V.14 Bulgaria ................................................................. V.16 China, People’s Republic of.................................. V.18 Chinese Taipei....................................................... V.22 Colombia ............................................................... V.24

Hong Kong, China ................................................ V.27 India ...................................................................... V.29 Indonesia .............................................................. V.31 Israel ..................................................................... V.34 Kazakhstan ........................................................... V.36 Romania................................................................ V.40 Russian Federation ............................................... V.42 South Africa ......................................................... V.45 Ukraine ................................................................. V.48 Venezuela ............................................................. V.52 Vietnam ................................................................ V.54

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.7

PART I INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.9

1. INTRODUCTION IEA Coal Information 2010 is the latest edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on coal to policy and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors of the coal industry.

by region and individually. In addition, calorific values used for preparing national energy balances, and exchange rates used for the reporting of prices in US dollars are presented.

This monitoring and reporting of historical trends and current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, to better inform the policy decision process toward selecting policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and/or international objectives.

Part V provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD coal producing and consuming countries.

IEA Coal Information 2010 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on coal supply, consumption, trade and prices. It also includes information on coal by-products. Part I provides important documentation that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication, and to understand the details of statistical methodology and collection practices related to the coal data. Part II of the publication provides a review of world coal market developments in 2009. It covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal consumption by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. This edition of the Coal Information publication will also acquaint the reader with work at the IEA Clean Coal Centre - a group set up under the IEA’s Technology Implementing Agreement Framework, and in particular a report on coal upgrading. Part III provides the reference tables to the Part II review on coal production, consumption, trade and prices. Part IV provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of coal developments in 30 of the 311 OECD member countries,

1. Chile became an OECD member on the 7th of May 2010, so is not included in any OECD data for the 2010 Edition.

OECD data are taken from IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics that are based on annual and quarterly submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administration to secure consistency in all time series, with particular regard for IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. This effort is supplemented by surveys of energy industry publications, national statistics reports and other material. The finalized data provide the basis for IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, official national submissions to the United Nations in Geneva and New York, and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the Methodology Section of those publications for more detail on individual nonMember countries covered in the publication. Price data in Parts II, III and IV are derived from the quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Readers should consult this IEA/OECD publication for detailed information on methodology, data coverage and data sources. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

OECD coal balances and statistics, including itemized import and export data are available on CD-ROM, along with world supply data. Information on ordering CD-ROM and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at http://www.iea.org. In addition, a data service is available on the internet, which provides unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility to obtain data on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org. Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA Web site. Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD coal statistics in the ESD were the responsibility of Mr. Julian Smith. Ms. Wendy Chen contributed to Part II, Part III and Part V. Mr. Robert Schnapp had overall responsibility for this publication.

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the non-OECD Member countries section headed by Ms. Roberta Quadrelli, and to the OECD Balances section headed by Ms. Karen Tréanton. The Secretariat would also like to thank the IEA Clean Coal Centre, and in particular Dr. Stia Nunes and Dr. John Topper for providing the feature article excerpt. Editorial and desktop publishing support from Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged. Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to: Robert Schnapp or Julian Smith Energy Statistics Division, International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Telephone: (33) (1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 65 41 Telefax: (33) (1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail: [email protected]

The IEA is currently working with a group of 24 international organisations that collect or use energy statistics. The purpose of this group, called InterEnerStat, is to improve the quality of energy data by harmonising definitions for energy sources and flows. As a result of this work, the IEA has made some small changes in the terminology that do not affect the definitions. A few examples include: transformation sector becomes transformation processes energy sector becomes energy industry own use

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.11

2. DEFINITIONS Energy sources Coal Coal is a family name for a variety of solid organic fuels and refers to a whole range of combustible sedimentary rock materials spanning a continuous quality scale. For convenience, this continuous series is often divided into four categories: x x x x

Anthracite Bituminous coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite/brown coal

In cases where data are presented in Mtoe or Mtce in this book and sourced to OECD/IEA Energy Balances, the term “Coal” includes all primary coal types (including hard coal and brown coal), peat and coal products (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, and oxygen steel furnace gas). Classification of different types of coal into practical categories for use at an international level is difficult for two reasons: Divisions between coal categories vary between classification systems, both national and international, based on calorific value, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, caking and coking properties, or some combination of two or more of these criteria. Although the relative value of the coals within a particular category depends on the degree of dilution by moisture and ash and contamination by sulphur, chlorine, phosphorous and certain trace elements, these factors do not affect the divisions between categories. Coal quality can vary and it is not always possible to ensure that available descriptive and analytical information is truly representative of the body of coal to which it refers.

The International Coal Classification of the Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) recognises two broad categories of coal: i) Hard coal - Coal of gross calorific value greater than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at least 0.6. ii) Brown coal - Non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on a dry mineral matter free basis. The IEA has adopted these definitions of hard coal and brown coal in this book and in other publications for presenting statistics relating to coal production, trade and consumption. It should be stressed that this classification system is based on the inherent qualities of the coal in question and not on the final use of the coal. In this way the classification system attempts to be objective and simple to apply. Primary coal used in pulverised (or granular) coal injection in blast furnaces is commonly abbreviated to PCI (or GCI) coal. (In this book PCI includes GCI). The IEA does not have a separate category for PCI as the term defines a particular end-use for coal. In IEA statistics, PCI is included in steam coal (except for Japan where it is included with coking coal). Data presented in this book may be different from that presented in the national publications of individual countries because the countries may have adopted a different coal classification and reporting system that better suits their particular national needs. As far as possible, national coal statistics reported by the IEA in this book and in other publications have been adjusted to be consistent with the IEA definitions noted above. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

Furthermore, in order to improve the information base for coal market analysis and projections, these two categories of coal have been further sub-divided in IEA/OECD Coal Statistics from 1978 as follows:

Hard coal Hard coal is calculated as the sum of coking coal and steam coal. x Coking coal: hard coal with a quality that allows the production of coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge. x Steam coal: all other hard coal not classified as coking coal. Also included are recovered slurries, middlings and other low-grade coal products not further classified by type. Coal of this quality is also commonly known as thermal coal. Note that for the countries listed below, steam coal also includes sub-bituminous coal - Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United States. Except for these 11 countries, steam coal for all other countries in the world is equivalent to the sum of anthracite and other bituminous coal.

Coal products Derived solid fuels are products resulting from the transformation or manufacturing of hard coal, brown coal or other primary solid fuels, sometimes with the addition of other materials.

Patent fuel Patent fuel is a composition fuel manufactured from coal fines by shaping with the addition of a binding agent such as pitch.

Coke oven coke Coke oven coke is the solid product obtained from the carbonisation of coal, principally coking coal, at high temperature. Semi-coke, the solid product obtained from the carbonisation of coal at low temperature is also included along with coke and semi-coke made from lignite.

Gas coke Gas coke is a by-product of hard coal used for production of town gas in gas works. Gas coke is used for heating purposes.

Coal tar

Brown coal/lignite Brown coal is calculated as the sum of subbituminous coal and lignite. Oil Shale mined and combusted directly is also reported as lignite. (Shale Oil is reported as Other Hydrocarbons) x Sub-bituminous coal: non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value between 4 165 kcal/kg (17.4 GJ/t) and 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis. x Lignite: non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 4 165 kcal/kg (17.4 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis.

Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the destructive distillation of bituminous coal to make coke in the coke oven process. Coal tar can also be the result of low-temperature carbonisation of brown coal. Coal tar can be further distilled into different organic products (e.g. benzene, toluene, naphthalene), which normally would be reported as a feedstock to the petrochemical industry.

Brown coal briquettes (BKB)

Note that for 11 countries (listed above), subbituminous coal is included in steam coal and not brown coal.

BKB are composition fuels manufactured from brown coal. The brown coal is crushed, dried and moulded under high pressure into an even shaped briquette without the addition of binders. Peat briquettes, dried brown coke, fines and dust and brown coal breeze are also included.

Peat

Coke oven gas

Peat is a combustible soft, porous or compressed fossil sedimentary deposit of plant origin with high water content (up to 90 per cent in the raw state), easily cut, of light to dark brown colour.

Coke oven gas is obtained as a by-product of solid fuel carbonisation and gasification operations carried out by coke producers and iron and steel plants not connected with gas works and municipal gas plants.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.13

Blast furnace gas Blast furnace gas is obtained as a by-product in operating blast furnaces; recovered on leaving the furnace and used partly within the plant and partly in other steel industry processes or used in power stations equipped to burn it.

and associated products, inputs from other fuel types (such as pitch for patent fuels, or oil, gas and renewable inputs to blast furnaces) will not be recorded, nor will electricity generated, both of which differ from a full energy balance. The energy balance flows detailed below have the following functions, and may appear in other tables:

Oxygen steel furnace gas Oxygen steel furnace gas is obtained as a by-product of the production of steel in an oxygen furnace; it is recovered on leaving the furnace. The gas is also known as converter gas, LD gas or BOS gas.

Heat and electricity Data collection has been expanded to obtain more disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of ‘combined heat and power’ and on ‘district heating’. Data on heat became available in different years for different countries and thus aggregated country data should be used with caution. Total electricity production includes production from both main activity producers (formerly known as public) and autoproducers. Generally, the split of total electricity production between main activity producers and autoproducers is available only after 1973. However, for the United States no data are available for autoproducers prior to 1989. For Australia, Japan and New Zealand electricity data refer to fiscal years.

Flows: energy balance

Supply Production Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. hard coal, lignite/brown coal, peat, shale oil, etc. Production is calculated after the removal of impurities. It is important to note that derived products such as coke oven coke and patent fuel, while included in the balances, do not appear in production.

Imports and exports Imports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customs clearance has taken place. Coal in transit is not included.

Stock changes Stock changes reflects the difference between opening stock levels on the first day of the year and closing levels on the last day of the year of stocks on national territory held by producers, importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers. A stock build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw as a positive number.

Coal balances are presented in detail in Parts IV and V. In Part IV, Table 5 presents uses in the rows and selected years in the columns. Data is presented in millions of tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). One tonne of coal equivalent is 7 million kilocalories.

Total primary energy supply

Each table is divided into three main parts: the first shows supply elements, the second shows the transformation processes and energy industries, and the third shows final consumption broken down into various end-use sectors.

Statistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained statistical differences for individual fuels, as they appear in the basic energy statistics. It also includes the statistical differences that arise because of the variety of conversion factors in the coal and oil columns. See the introduction to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries for further details.

Both primary fuels such as coal and peat, and derived fuels such as coke oven coke and blast furnace gas are included in the calculations. However, derived products manifest themselves as positive outputs in the relevant transformation process used to create them, and generally they should be less than the inputs, which results in a net negative entry in the transformation flow. Given that this balance is restricted to coal

Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of production + imports - exports ± stock changes.

Statistical differences

Transformation processes Transformation processes record the transformation of one kind of fuel or energy into another with both inputs and outputs being measured. This may bridge several transformation processes, for instance: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

x Coking coal used to manufacture coke oven coke would be reported as a negative input to the coke oven transformation process. x The resulting coke oven coke, coal tar and coke oven gas would be reported as a positive output to the coke oven transformation process flow. x Energy inputs from other sources, including electricity will not be reported in this particular instance, so numbers may not be indicative of true efficiencies, but rather map the flow of coal. x The coke oven coke will largely be used to produce pig-iron in a blast furnace, so will be reported where used and mainly as an input to the blast furnace transformation process. x The by-product blast furnace gas will appear as an output in the blast furnace transformation flow. However, a significant amount of energy is consumed in the process of making the pig-iron, so the net negative value in the blast furnace transformation flow will tend to be approximately 60% of the total energy inputs.

autoproducer2 plants are included here. Electricity plants are plants which are designed to produce electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit (and the inputs and outputs can not be distinguished on a unit basis) then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel inputs to electricity production are taken into account, while only the part of fuel inputs to heat sold is shown. Fuel inputs for the production of heat consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not included here but are included with figures for the final consumption of fuels in the appropriate consuming sector. Heat plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) are designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third party under the provisions of a contract. Heat pumps that are operated within the residential sector where the heat is not sold are not considered a transformation process and are not included here – the electricity consumption appears as residential use.

Other transformation

x The blast furnace gas (and coal tar and coke oven gas) will likewise be reported where used. Some of this will appear in the relevant consumption flows, other parts might be used to generate electricity and appear in electricity transformation.

Other transformation covers non-specified transformation and transformations not shown elsewhere such as coal liquefaction.

x In a complete energy balance, the electricity generated would be converted to the appropriate energy unit and reported as a positive output in the applicable electricity transformation flow. This is not the case in the coal balance, so the number displayed in the electricity transformation flow is the fuel input, not the process efficiency loss.

Energy industry own use contains the primary and secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC3 05, 06, 19 and 35, Group 091 and Classes 0892 and 0721]. These quantities are shown as negative figures. Included here is, for example, own use of energy in coal mines.

The main transformation processes reported either make a derived coal product or by-product and have been described earlier in the Energy sources section or are mentioned below.

Losses

Electricity and heat generation

Consumption

Electricity and heat generation can refer to electricity plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP), or heat plants. Both main activity producer1 and

Total final consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors.

1. Main activity producer generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Energy industry own use

Losses includes losses in gas distribution, flaring or venting of manufactured gases, electricity transmission and coal transport.

2. Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. 3. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Series M, No. 4 / Rev. 4, United Nations, New York, 2008.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.15

Industry consumption is specified in the following sub-sectors (energy used for transport by industry is not included here but is reported under transport):

Units and conversions Conversion (to toe and tce)

Iron and steel

ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431

Chemical and petrochemical industry

ISIC Divisions 20 and 21] excluding petrochemical feedstocks

Non-ferrous metals

ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432

Non-metallic minerals

such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc. ISIC Division 23

Transport equipment

ISIC Divisions 29 and 30

Machinery

comprises fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment ISIC Divisions 25 to 28

Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying

ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099

Food and tobacco

ISIC Divisions 10 to 12

Paper, pulp and printing

ISIC Divisions 17 and 18

Wood and wood products

(other than pulp and paper) ISIC Division 16

Construction

ISIC Divisions 41 to 43

Textile and leather

ISIC Divisions 13 to 15

Non-specified

any manufacturing industry not included above) ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32 Note: Most countries have difficulties supplying an industrial breakdown for all fuels. In these cases, the non-specified industry row has been used. Regional aggregates of industrial consumption should therefore be used with caution.

Transport includes all fuels used for the transport [ISIC Divisions 49 to 51] of goods or persons between points of departure and destination within the national territory irrespective of the economic sector within which the activity occurs. Other covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 8588, 90-96 and 99], agriculture/forestry [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and nonspecified consumption.

Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a common energy unit, the ton of oil equivalent (toe). A ton of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ), a convenient measure because it is approximately the net heat content of one ton of average crude oil. This unit is used by the IEA/OECD in its energy balances. Note also that totals may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding. The change from using the original unit to tonne of oil equivalent implies choosing coefficients of equivalence between different forms and sources of energy. This problem can be approached in many different ways. For example, one could adopt a single equivalence for each major primary energy source in all countries, e.g. 29 307 kJ/kg (7 000 kcal/kg) for hard coal, 41 868 kJ/kg (10 000 kcal/kg) for oil, etc. The main objection to this method is that it results in distortions since there is a wide spread in calorific values between types of coal and individual coal products, and between calorific values of these fuels in different countries. The Secretariat has therefore obtained specific calorific factors supplied by the national administrations for the main categories of each quality of coal and for each flow or use (i.e. production, imports, exports, electricity generation, coke ovens, blast furnaces and industry). The set of particular national calorific values that allow for the conversion of energy sources from original (physical) units to Joules are presented in the table on page 31 in Part I. The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific value. The difference between net and gross being the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. For coal and oil, net calorific value is usually around 5 per cent less than gross and for most forms of natural and manufactured gas the difference is 9-10 per cent. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. In this report some data are reported in terms of tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) because this unit is more INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

widely used in the international coal industry. A tonne of coal equivalent is defined as 7 million kilocalories. The relation between tonne of oil equivalent (toe) and tonne of coal equivalent (tce) is therefore:

1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe. To calculate the net heat content of a gas from its gross heat content, multiply the gross heat content by the appropriate following factor:

1 tce = 0.7 toe Note that billion refers to thousand million (109). Also, in many cases totals shown in the tables may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding.

Factors related to specific fuels Coal Separate net calorific values for coal production, imports, exports, inputs to power plants, coal used in coke ovens, coal used in blast furnaces, coal used in industry and coal other uses are submitted annually by national administrations to the Secretariat. Conversion factors for average net calorific value for each OECD member country for 2008 are shown in the table on page 31 in Part I.

Natural gas Gas works gas Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Oxygen steel furnace gas

0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Electricity Figures for electricity production, trade, and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity, i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Hydro-electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide, photovoltaic, etc.), are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. However, the primary energy equivalent of nuclear electricity is calculated from the gross generation by assuming a 33% efficiency, i.e. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.33) Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe, unless the actual value is known.

Gas In the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of OECD Countries all data on gases are expressed in terajoules, on the basis of their gross calorific value.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Heat Information on heat is supplied to the Secretariat in terajoules.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.17

3. SOURCES AND NOTES General notes Energy data for OECD countries in IEA Secretariat databases begin in 1960 with the following exceptions for coal: for Hungary data begin in 1965; for the Czech Republic, Korea, Mexico and the Slovak Republic, data are available from 1971. Chile became a member country of the OECD with effect from 7 May 2010. Since the preparation of the annual statistics publications was well on its way at that stage, data for Chile have not been included in OECD totals for the 2010 edition and will continue to be included in Latin America with the OECD nonmember countries. The IEA Secretariat is working closely with the Chilean Administration, for incorporating Chile into OECD totals in the 2011 edition. Prior to 1970, German statistics refer to the former Federal Republic of Germany. Data from 1970 include the new federal states of Germany. The fuels listed as “Solar, wind, tide” include wave and ocean, unless otherwise noted. Energy flows data reported for 2009 (shown as 2009e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2010 and on quarterly submissions to the IEA from member countries. Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this publication are based on available data at the time of publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD data to be published in Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries. Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2010 Edition and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries 2010 Edition.

Preliminary 2009 data - 2009e Data reported for the year 2009 in this publication are preliminary and presented as 2009e. Final 2009 data on solid fuels and manufactured gases will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in annual questionnaires in late 2010. As a result, final data for 2009 and preliminary 2010 data will be published in the 2011 edition of Coal Information in July 2011. Selected coal data for 2009 for some non-OECD countries have been estimated by the Secretariat.

Qualifiers Data marked as ‘e’ are estimates of the IEA secretariat. Data marked as ‘c’ mean that the data are confidential due to country specific regulations. Data marked as ‘..’ mean that data are not available (either not collected or not submitted by national government). Data marked as ‘x’ mean that they are not applicable or there is no meaningful explanation of a value there (for example, the price cannot be shown if there was no trade or if the consumption in the country is forbidden).

Treatment of blast furnace coke and PCI data Data on coke used and pulverised coal injected in the blast furnace (PCI) are harmonized for all OECD countries in order to ensure that steam and coking coal consumption data are consistently presented and that comparisons between countries for consumption are meaningful. The main effect of these revisions has been to revise the reported consumption of coal in the iron and steel industry. It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal trade and consumption, PCI is not separately specified; rather it is included with steam coal for all countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

(except Japan). This classification is based on the fact that most PCI coal is of a steam coal quality and not coking coal quality. For Japan, PCI consumption is reported in this book as a coking coal in order to be consistent with the Japanese practice of including imports of PCI coal with coking coal.

Price data Energy prices are published quarterly in the IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes. IEA data on coal prices are managed in two sub-systems: They vary not only in content but also with respect to the data collection methods. x Import and export unit values x End-user prices

Import and export unit values Import and export unit values are calculated quarterly (March, June, September and December) from national customs statistics import and export volumes and values. The basic data are collected from monthly national trade sources (Japan, United States, Australia and Canada) or provided monthly to the IEA by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). Values recorded at the import stage are the sum of cost, insurance and freight (CIF) but exclude import duties. Values recorded at the export stage (FOB), exclude seaborne or international transport, but include inland transport costs of the exporting country. As far as possible the concept of ‘general imports and exports’ is used. This includes coal imports for reexport with or without processing but excludes transit trade. The definitions of coal categories and the volume and value units used in each of the above source systems vary considerably. A certain amount of regrouping and unit conversions is necessary once the basic data are compiled. The rules for regrouping coal categories are consistent with the definitions used in the annual IEA/OECD coal statistics. Prices are compiled for steam coal and for coking coal. Definitions and the correspondence to national and European classifications are discussed in detail in the quarterly IEA publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Comments in Energy Prices and Taxes on certain data items as well as general background information are developed systematically. Data comments INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

relate mainly to calorific values of specific coal trade flows, and to national coal definitions. Background information covers duties and trade regulations.

End-user prices End-user prices are collected quarterly from national administrations and other relevant bodies and supplemented with data extracted from national publications. Although a standard approach to reporting the data has been developed, differences in definitions between countries are explained in the notes published in Energy Prices and Taxes. The standard approach to reporting end-use prices can be summarised as follows: x include transport costs to the consumer; x show prices actually paid, i.e. net of rebates; and x include taxes which have to be paid by the consumer as part of the transaction and which are not refundable. This excludes value added tax paid in many European countries by industry (including electric power stations) for all goods and services (including energy). In these cases value added tax is refunded to the customer, usually in the form of a tax credit. Therefore it is not shown as part of prices. A standard coal quality for international comparisons of end-use prices is not possible given the wide variety of coal qualities in domestic and international coal trade. As a result, only average prices covering different qualities are collected, along with the calorific value of these average qualities. If average prices are not available, prices of a selected coal may be chosen. Accordingly, international comparisons of coal enduse prices may be misleading. Detailed notes concerning these price series are published in Energy Prices and Taxes. Also please refer to Energy Prices and Taxes for the detailed description of price mechanisms in each country and country specific notes.

Derived price data The information collected on prices is converted by the IEA Secretariat into a variety of secondary data in order to facilitate its analysis. Inter-fuel price comparisons for one country are usually made on the basis of prices per heat unit such as a tonne of coal equivalent. (In the end-user price tables, the conversion factor used for converting gross calories to net calories for natural gas is 0.9). Inter-country price comparisons are made on the basis of a standard currency unit, e.g., US dollars. Prices for

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.19

regional totals are calculated as weighted average of available price data in the region and therefore prices shown should be considered only indicative.

Data sources Historical data (1960-2008)

Quarterly energy statistics Readers who are interested in very recent data should consult the OECD/IEA publication Oil, Gas Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics which is published in January, March, June and September each year.

The annual historical data in Part III of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries.

i) IEA/OECD coal statistics

The information contained in this publication consists of:

This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers all primary solid fuels, derived fuels and related manufactured gases. It contains detailed supply/ demand balances for each fuel, as well as information on coal trade by origin and destination. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Coal Information.

Oil

ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics

-

Production of crude oil and NGL for the major producers in the world.

-

Refinery balances for crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, and total (including inputs of origin other than crude oil and NGL);

-

Complete product balances of production, trade, refinery intake and output, final consumption, stock levels and changes;

This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producers and autoproducers plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.

-

Crude, NGL and feedstock imports from 47 origins and exports to 24 destinations; and

-

Trade data for main product groups, LPG and naphtha; imports from 44 origins and exports to 30 destinations.

This book provides rapid, accurate and detailed statistics on quarterly production, supply and demand and trade of the major energy forms mainly in, but not limited to, the OECD area.

Natural gas

iii) IEA/OECD oil and gas statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks and natural gas, as well as derived oil products. It includes detailed supply/demand balances, trade by origin and destination and stock levels and changes.

-

Balances of supply and consumption of OECD member Countries; and

The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Oil Information and Natural Gas Information.

-

Imports from 28 origins and exports to 20 destinations.

iv) IEA/OECD renewables statistics

Coal -

World hard coal and brown coal production;

-

World steam coal and coking coal trade; and

-

Coking coal and steam coal imports and exports for major OECD countries.

Electricity -

Electricity production, (separately from combustible fuel, nuclear, hydro and other sources) imports, exports and (apparent) consumption in 30 OECD member countries.

This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydro, solid biomass, geothermal, renewable municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean, nonrenewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes detailed supply/demand balances. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Renewables Information.

v) IEA/OECD energy statistics This annual database integrates data from the four IEA/OECD statistical database systems listed above to INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

provide a summary of energy supply and demand for each OECD country. It includes detailed statistics on production, trade and consumption for each source of energy, expressed in original units (e.g. metric tons, TJ, GWh). The main data from this data system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found in this publication.

vi) IEA/OECD energy balances Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics described above. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tons of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found.

vii) IEA/OECD energy prices and taxes The statistics are discussed separately below. The prices and taxes are published quarterly in IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

viii) Energy statistics of non-OECD countries The annual historical data for non-OECD countries presented in Part IV of this report are taken from IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics of nonOECD countries. These databases are compiled from data submitted annually to the IEA Secretariat in questionnaires from non-OECD Member countries of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN ECE), from data provided by other international organisations (the United Nations in New York, the Organización Latinoamericana de Energía (OLADE) in Quito, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) in Tokyo and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome, etc), from direct communications with national administrations, industry contacts and from published sources. The main data from this data system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Balances of NonOECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found in these publications.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.21

4. COUNTRY NOTES In many cases data submitted by Member countries to the Secretariat do not conform to the standard reporting methodology or have other particular characteristics. Information set out below will assist readers to interpret data for particular countries and aid in the comparison of data among countries.

and it is mostly consumed by households. The last lignite mine closed in the second quarter of 2004 and lignite usage for power generation ceased in 2006. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Belgium Australia All data refer to the fiscal year, (e.g. July 2007 to June 2008 for 2008). For the 2002 data, the Australian Administration has started to use a new survey methodology which has caused shifts in the structure of industry consumption. The Australian Administration is planning to revise the historical series. Data on blast furnace gas for electricity production by autoproducers begins in 1986. Consumption in wood and wood products is included in paper, pulp and print from 2001 onwards. The drop in BKB production in 2004 was due to a fire in the main production plant. Domestic production and consumption of anthracite is reported as bituminous coal. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Austria Historical revisions by the Austrian Administration have resulted in some breaks in series between 1989 and 1990. Other bituminous coal includes hard coal briquettes: “Trockenkohle” is included with BKB because of its high calorific value. Since 1994, gas works gas is reported with natural gas because it is distributed in the same network. The amount of gas works gas is negligible

Sub-bituminous coal data refer to recovered coal products. Production of other bituminous coal ceased on 31 August 1992. Production includes the recuperation of coal from coal dumps. The use of coke oven gas in the chemical and petrochemical industry ceased in 1996. The decrease of bituminous coal and coke oven coke in the iron and steel industry in 2002 is due to the closure of several plants. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Canada Due to the unavailability of data, non-energy use of coke oven coke and hard coal is included with final consumption sectors prior to 1978 and 1980 respectively. Before 1978, lignite inputs to main activity producer heat plants are included in final consumption. Starting in 1979, these inputs are included in main activity producer electricity plants. Due to a Canadian confidentiality law, it is not possible for the Canadian Administration to submit disaggregated series for all of the coal types. Between 2002 and 2006, the IEA Secretariat has estimated some of the missing series. The data for 2007 onwards are given directly as reported. The Canadian Administration is planning to further refine its reporting. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

Czech Republic Data are available starting in 1971. End-use consumption data were submitted by the Czech Administration starting with 1996 data. Due to economic restructuring in the end-use consumption sectors in the late 1990s (large state enterprises subdividing and/or privatising and the utilisation of new technologies by businesses), there may be breaks in the time series in these sectors. Prior to 1993, consumption was estimated by the Secretariat. Data for 1990 to 1995 were estimated based on the Czech publication Energy Economy Year Book. In 1995, town gas production ceased. Beginning in 1996, the Czech Administration reported gas works gas in autoproducer CHP. In 1997, coke oven gas consumption in chemical and petrochemical stopped. Also in 1997, other bituminous coal started being extracted at a deeper level, which increased the calorific value of this coal. Revisions by the Czech Administration have resulted in some breaks in the series between 2001 and 2002. Production from other sources of other bituminous coal in 2004 are coal slurries. Sub-bituminous coal is included in other bituminous coal. What was previously classified as subbituminous coal until the 2008 edition is reported under lignite for all years.

Denmark In the 2004 edition, major revisions were made by the Danish Administration for the 1990 to 2001 data, which may cause breaks in the time series between 1989 and 1990. A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a drought in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Finland A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in the time series between 1999 and 2000 for most products and sectors. The new survey INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

system is more detailed and has improved product coverage especially in electricity, CHP and heat production, as well as in industry. A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a drought in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region. Likewise, peat production is highly dependant upon favourable weather conditions and pricing of other fuels. The decrease in peat and other bituminous coal usage in main activity electricity plants was due to record electricity generation from hydro plants. The first coking plant started operation in 1987, hence imports of coking coal and production of coke oven coke and coke oven gas started in that year. The increase of other bituminous coal inputs into main activity producer electricity plants from 1993 to 1994 was due to coal replacing imported electricity and hydro power. Production of gas works gas ceased in April 1994. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

France Prior to 1985, consumption of colliery gas is included with the use of coke oven gas by autoproducers. Final consumption in industry is estimated by the Secretariat from 1986 to 2001 for some products. For 1989 to 1998, the Secretariat has estimated industry consumption based on Consommations d’Energie dans l’Industrie, SESSI. BKB data for 1994 are Secretariat estimates. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Germany German data include the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards. Figures for quantities used for non-energy purposes became available from 1970. Prior to this, non-energy uses are included with consumption in the respective final consumption sectors. Due to the reclassification of several sectors by the German Administration, breaks in the series may occur between 1990 and 1992; this particularly affects BKB, lignite and coke oven coke. BKB inputs to gas works plants stopped in

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.23

1997. Breaks in the series may occur between 1998 and 1999 for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Up until 2003, other bituminous coal includes anthracite. Breaks in the series for coke oven gas from 2007 are due to a change in statistical source. Consumption of non-renewable municipal waste and other solid biomass as a reductant occurs in German blast furnaces, but is not currently quantified. Likewise, coal tar is a by-product of coke ovens, but not currently reported. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Greece

Ireland Production data for peat briquettes (reported as BKB) are available from 1975. Low production of peat in 1985 was due to a poor “harvest”. The production of gas works gas ceased in 1987 due to fuel switching to natural gas. Other bituminous coal inputs to main activity producer electricity plants increased from 1986 due to three new generating units at Moneypoint coming on-line. A reclassification causes a break in the series for own use of peat from 1989 to 1990. Patent fuel data from 2007 is confidential. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Electricity production using hard coal ceased in 1989. A new main activity electricity plant using imported bituminous coal was brought on-line in 1991. Production of gas works gas ceased in 1997. Lignite has been used in main activity producer CHP plants since 1997. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Hungary Data are available from 1965. Due to the sale of an autoproducer power plant, breaks in the series occur for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas between 1997 and 1998. From 1999, the production of sub-bituminous coal has been included with lignite/brown coal due to the low quality of the coal. The use of this domestic coal in main activity producer electricity and CHP plants has also been reclassified to lignite/brown coal. The time series for coke oven coke transformed into blast furnace gas and consumed for energy purposes in the iron and steel industry have been adjusted by the IEA using standard modelling. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Iceland Prior to 1970, final consumption includes inputs and outputs to heat production. The industrial classifications used by the Icelandic Administration were changed in 1987. Final consumption increased in 2000 due to a new iron and steel plant coming on-line. Icelandic data for 2008 and 2009e were estimated by the Secretariat in the 2010 edition. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Italy From 2000 onwards, the Italian Administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. However, for the 2000 to 2002 period, all electricity production from autoproducers is reported with main activity producers. From 1986 onwards, figures from lignite are given using the same methodology as in the Bilancio Energetico Nazionale. In 1991, all industrial activities were reclassified on the basis of ISTAT/NACE 91. This has implied some transfers of activities which may result in some anomalies between 1991 and earlier years. Due to a change in the survey system, breaks in the series may occur between 1997 and 1998 for final consumption. From 2000 onwards, the Italian Administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. Some oxygen steel furnace gas is reported under blast furnace gas for 2007 and 2008. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Japan For four consecutive years, the IEA received revisions from the Japanese Administration. The first set of revisions received in 2004 increased the 1990 supply by 5% for coal, 2% for natural gas and 0.7% for oil compared to the previous data. This led to an increase of 2.5% in 1990 CO2 emissions calculated using the reference approach while the sectoral approach remained fairly constant. For the 2006 edition, the IEA received INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

revisions to the coal and oil data which have had a significant impact on both the energy data and the CO2 emissions. The most significant revisions occurred for coke oven coke, naphtha, blast furnace gas and petroleum coke. These revisions affected consumption rather than supply in the years concerned. As a result, the sectoral approach CO2 emissions have increased for all the years, however at different rates. For example, the sectoral approach CO2 emissions for 1990 were 4.6% higher than those calculated for the 2005 edition while the 2003 emissions were 1.1% higher than those of the previous edition. Due to the impact these successive revisions have had on the final energy balance as well as on CO2 emissions, the IEA was in close contact with the Japanese Administration to better understand the reasons behind these changes. These changes were mainly due to the Government of Japan's efforts to improve the inputoutput balances in the production of oil products and coal products in response to inquiries from the UNFCCC Secretariat. To address this issue, the Japanese Administration established a working group in March 2004. The working group completed its work in April 2006. Many of its conclusions were incorporated in the 2006 edition, but some further revisions to the time series (especially in the industry and other sectors) were submitted for the 2007 edition. Starting in 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis (e.g. April 2008 to March 2009 for 2008). From 1982, residential use of coke oven coke is included in commercial/public services. Oxygen steel furnace gas data are available from 1982. From 1998, inputs of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas into autoproducer electricity plants include the amount used to produce electricity with TRT technology (top pressure recovery turbines) which was previously included in industry. Starting in 1990, the inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces as well as the final consumption of coke oven coke in the iron and steel industry have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

differences in hard coal since 2004 are primarily due to deliberate stock build by final consumers. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Korea Data are available from 1971. Data for 2002 have been reported on a different basis, causing breaks in the series between 2001 and 2002, especially for inputs and outputs to electricity generation and consumption in the iron and steel industry. The Korean Administration is planning to revise the historical series as time and resources permit. Data for coal and coal products from 1971 to 2001 are based on information provided by the Korean Administration, as well as information from the Yearbook of Energy Statistics 2002, the Yearbook of Coal Statistics 2001 (both from the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy), and Statistics of Electric Power in Korea 2001 (from the Korea Electric Power Corporation). Patent fuel series have been estimated by the Secretariat up to 2001. Data on sub-bituminous coal were estimated by the Secretariat based on statistics of the exporting countries. Coal tar production exists prior to 2007, however, the data have not been finalised. Consumption of imported coke oven coke is reported under non-specified industry. Coke oven gas and blast furnace gas used for energy purposes in coke ovens prior to 2002 and in blast furnaces prior to 2007 are reported in the iron and steel industry. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Luxembourg Steel production from blast furnaces ceased at the end of 1997 and as a consequence, Luxembourg no longer uses coke oven coke and blast furnace gas. Some import data is unavoidably attributed to the penultimate country of transit rather than the country of origin.

Coal injected in blast furnaces (PCI) is classified as coking coal in order to be consistent with Japanese trade statistics. With the 2008 edition, Japan has reclassified part of the coal inputs to coke ovens as inputs to blast furnaces.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

In the 2010 edition, the net calorific values for coal have been recalculated by the IEA secretariat based upon gross values submitted by Japan and conversion factors used by the IEA. Asymmetric statistical

Data are available starting in 1971 and are partly estimated based on the publication Balance Nacional Energía. The Mexican Administration submitted data directly by questionnaire for the first time with 1992

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Mexico

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.25

data. As a result, some breaks in series may occur between 1991 and 1992.

from the kilns and melters. Import origins and export destinations are derived from partner reports.

Data for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas are reported for the first time in 1999.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Netherlands In the national statistical system of the Netherlands, use of fuel in manufacturing industries for CHP production is considered to be consumption in transformation processes. However, in IEA statistics, this own use for heat production (autoproduced heat) is reported under the relevant industry sub-sector, based on estimates provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics. For 1984 to 1986, production from other sources of other bituminous coal represents a stock of "smalls" washed for re-use. Prior to 1989, non-energy use is included with industry consumption. Paper, pulp and print includes furniture. The breakdown of anthracite, coking coal and other bituminous coal has been provided on a preliminary basis and data will be revised. Coal exports consist of re-exported volumes. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

New Zealand

Norway Production of coking coal, coke oven coke and coke oven gas ceased in the late 1980s. Other bituminous coal includes lignite. The decrease of bituminous coal production in 2005 is due to a fire in one of the coal mines. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Poland Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Portugal Since 1998, sub-bituminous coal is not used. As of 2000, gas works gas in the commercial/public services and residential sectors is gradually being replaced by natural gas. The iron and steel industry closed in the first quarter of 2001, leading to decreases in supply and consumption of coking coal, coke oven coke, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Where data refer to the fiscal year, April 2008 to March 2009 is shown as 2008. A reorganisation of government departments during 1987 led to the cessation of certain data series, resulting in several breaks in series between 1987 and 1988. Production of gas works gas ceased in 1988. Peat, although produced in New Zealand, is not used as a fuel. It is used for agricultural purposes only. In final consumption, some industry data are reported in nonspecified industry for confidentiality reasons; mining and quarrying is included in agriculture and construction is included with commercial/public services. Until 2001, sub-bituminous coal inputs into autoproducer CHP refers to coal that is merged with ironsands and limestone to form the inputs for the multi-hearthfurnaces, kilns and melters to produce direct reduced iron (Glenbrook Steel Site). Off-gases then drive the CHP plants. From 2002, these data are reported as coke oven gas as a by-product of pyrolysis in the multi-hearth-furnace, and as blast furnace gas obtained

Slovak Republic Data are available starting in 1971. There are some breaks in series between 1992 and 1993. A new survey system in 2001 leads to major breaks in series for most products. Data in Commercial and Public Services includes national statistical differences. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Spain Other bituminous coal use in the iron and steel industry ceased in 1991 and started again in 1996. Consumption of BKB also ended in 1991. Consumption of blast furnace gas in the chemical industry stopped in 1993 while chemical industry use of coke oven gas INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

ceased between 1993 and 2000. Natural gas inputs into gas works gas stopped in 1999. Lignite mining was halted indefinitely in 2008. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Sweden

changes occur in consumption patterns within the iron and steel industry and coal mining. This also occurs across industry, residential and commercial and public services for other bituminous coal. Some coal used in cement kilns is reported under construction instead of non-metallic minerals in 2008. Historical data may be revised to fit new understanding in future issues. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Other bituminous coal production is coal recovered during the quarrying of clay. Autoproducer inputs to waste heat production that is sold are reported in the respective end-use sectors and not in transformation processes. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Switzerland

United Kingdom Consumption shown for commercial/public services includes consumption of some non-specified data. Prior to 1994, the consumption of substitute natural gas is included with natural gas while its production is included with gas works gas. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

From 1999, data on consumption result from a new survey and are not comparable with data of previous years. The breakdown of industry for 2000 was estimated by the Secretariat for gas, oil, electricity and heat. From 1985, industrial consumption of gas works gas is reported in non-specified industry to prevent the disclosure of commercially confidential data. Data between 1990 and 2007 were revised for coke oven coke and other bituminous coal in the 2010 Edition. The breaks in consumption time series since 2006 are due to an improved consumer survey. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Turkey Production of gas works gas declined in 1989 due to plant closures; the last plant closed in 1994. Use of gas coke and gas works gas ceased in 1994. Due to government regulations in industry and residential sectors in particular, there has been a shift from the use of domestically produced coal to imported coal and natural gas. Privatisation of state owned coke ovens in recent years resulted in incomplete information on coke oven gas distribution. The 2008 data are provided from an improved questionnaire. Significant

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United States United States includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Imports and exports also include all U.S. territories (i.e. Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands and the Hawaiian Trade Zone).

Due to problems in reporting, there are numerous breaks in series for the U.S. data, particularly in 1992, 1999, 2001 and 2002. Care should be taken when evaluating consumption by sector since inputs of fuel to autoproducers are included in final consumption for some years. Gas works gas production and consumption is included with natural gas starting in 1974. For the period 2002 to 2007, the United States reported "synfuel" production as patent fuel. Prior to 2002, the consumption of this fuel was reported with other bituminous coal. Since the Energy Information Administration and the US Department of Commerce do not collect separate data on patent fuel exports by country, total exports of patent fuel are included in the exports of other bituminous coal. This practice ceased in 2007 for economic reasons. Coal tar as a by-product of coke ovens is not currently reported. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.27

5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States, but currently excludes Chile which became an OECD member on the 7th of May, 2010. With the exception of Chile, Iceland and Mexico, all 31 OECD member countries are also member countries of the IEA. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and therefore exclude non-IEA Members shown in italics below. The following countries are included in the regional aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates. OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico and the United States.

OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. Please note that all OECD Pacific countries are also members of IEA and therefore we refer to it as OECD/IEA Pacific. The European Union - 27 (EU-27) includes Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Please note that in the interest of having comparable data, all these countries are included since 1990 despite different entry dates into the European Union. Non-OECD Europe includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus1, Gibraltar,

1. Note by Turkey: With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in the report under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus” issue. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

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I.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Malta, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia2 and Slovenia. Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana (from 1981), Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia (from 1991), Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa. Other Africa includes Botswana (until 1980), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia (until 1990), Niger, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Uganda and Western Sahara (from 1990). Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile3, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America. Other Latin America includes Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico4 (for natural gas and electricity), St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Turks and Caicos Islands.

2. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999. 3. Chile joined the OECD on the 7th of May 2010, however is included under Latin America for the purposes of the 2010 edition. 4. Oil statistics as well as coal trade statistics for Puerto Rico are included under the United States.

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Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia (from 1995), Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia (from 1985), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia. Other Asia includes Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cambodia (until 1994), Cook Islands, East Timor, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Laos, Macau, Maldives, Mongolia (until 1984), New Caledonia, Palau (from 1994), Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. China includes the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong (China). Former Soviet Union5 includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel6, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Please note that the following countries have not been considered due to lack of data: x Non-OECD Europe: Liechtenstein7 (except for oil data), Montenegro8 (after 2004); x Africa: Saint Helena; x America: Anguilla; x Asia and Oceania: Christmas Island, Nauru and Niue.

5. Data is shown only under Former Soviet Union until 1989. After 1990, data is shown by country only. 6. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. 7. Oil data for Liechtenstein are included under Switzerland. 8. Data for Montenegro are included under Serbia until 2004.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.29

6. ABBREVIATIONS, CONVERSION FACTORS AND CALORIFIC VALUES Units and technical abbreviations t kt Mt toe Mtoe tce Mtce kcal MBtu GWh USD

: : : : : : : : : : :

metric ton = tonne = 1000 kg thousand tonnes million tonnes tonne of oil equivalent million tonnes of oil equivalent tonne of coal equivalent (= 0.7 toe) million tonnes of coal equivalent kilocalories (103 calories) million British thermal units million kilowatt hours US dollars

CIF FAS FOB GDP GCV PCI TPES

: : : : : : :

cost, insurance and freight free alongside ship free on board Gross Domestic Product gross calorific value coals for pulverised injection Total primary energy supply

EU FSU OECD UN

: : : :

European Union Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/Soviet Union Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Nations

0 or 0.0 : negligible c e .. x

: : : : :

confidential estimated not available nil not applicable

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

General conversion factors for energy TJ

To:

Gcal

Mtoe

From:

MBtu

GWh

multiply by: 1

238.8

2.388 x 10-5

947.8

0.2778

Gcal

4.1868 x 10-3

1

10-7

3.968

1.163 x 10-3

Mtoe

4.1868 x 104

107

1

3.968 x 107

11630

MBtu

1.0551 x 10

-3

1

2.931 x 10-4

GWh

3.6

3412

1

st

lb

TJ

-8

0.252

2.52 x 10

860

8.6 x 10-5

Conversion factors for mass kg

To:

t

lt

From:

multiply by: 1

0.001

9.84 x 10-4

1.102 x 10-3

2.2046

tonne (t)

1000

1

0.984

1.1023

2204.6

long ton (lt)

1016

1.016

1

1.120

2240.0

short ton (st)

907.2

0.9072

kilogramme (kg)

pound (lb)

0.454

4.54 x 10

0.893 -4

1

4.46 x 10

-4

2000.0

5.0 x 10

-4

1

Conversion factors for volume gal U.S.

To:

gal U.K.

bbl

From:

ft3

l

m3

multiply by:

U.S. gallon (gal)

1

0.8327

0.02381

0.1337

3.785

0.0038

U.K. gallon (gal)

1.201

1

0.02859

0.1605

4.546

0.0045

Barrel (bbl)

42.0

34.97

1

5.615

159.0

0.159

7.48

6.229

0.1781

1

28.3

0.0283

0.2642

0.220

0.0063

0.0353

1

0.001

264.2

220.0

6.289

35.3147

1000.0

1

3

Cubic foot (ft ) Litre (l) 3

Cubic metre (m )

Decimal prefixes 101

deca (da)

10-1

deci (d)

102

hecto (h)

10-2

centi (c)

10

-3

milli (m)

10

-6

micro (μ)

10

-9

nano (n)

10

-12

pico (p)

10

-15

femto (f)

10

-18

atto (a)

10

3

10

6

10

9

10

12

10

15

10

18

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kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T) peta (P) exa (E)

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.31

2008 Country specific average net calorific values [kJ/kg]

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Anthracite

Coking coal

32 432 25 184 27 700 30 000 29 054 27 842 25 619 23 483 29 300 29 300 27 654 27 131 19 322 28 100 27 861

29 134 29 073 29 308 27 049 29 290 29 300 30 500 29 000 31 430 28 050 30 984 27 714 28 261 23 483 28 671 29 467 27 930 30 020 30 000 29 523 28 813 29 107

SubOther bituminous bituminous coal coal 25 700 27 935 25 781 25 514 24 487 25 200 26 000 25 630 25 743 25 717 28 050 27 838 26 587 24 476 24 911 29 300 23 483 24 736 27 590 28 100 22 589 25 451 25 146 23 280 27 400 28 100 24 189 24 965 26 536

18 478 22 200 17 799 24 880 16 578 20 934 19 405 20 980 11 756 18 000 19 433

Lignite

Peat

10 470 8 978 8 370 14 464 12 834 17 000 9 022 6 545 7 534 19 820 10 468 14 100 20 000 14 280 8 684 11 560 6 780 20 100 7 765 14 195

8 800 10 200 9 714 12 500 -

Patent Coke oven Coal tar fuels coke

31 003 29 308 32 000 31 400 20 049 28 000 30 875 27 348

25 650 29 000 27 696 27 389 27 800 29 300 29 300 28 000 28 650 29 507 29 485 26 670 29 000 27 930 27 214 26 521 28 500 28 500 28 752 28 050 28 740 30 290 28 080 28 100 29 302 28 310 27 469

41 800 37 236 37 000 38 000 35 482 37 000 41 900 36 604 -

BKB

20 995 19 303 20 097 23 431 21 324 14 201 20 000 18 548 20 100 17 471 23 000 18 736 -

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

Coal classification The IEA collects statistics on coal production, trade and consumption according to a technically precise classification based on the quality of coal as follows: x

Coking coal is coal with a quality that allows the production of coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge;

x

Other bituminous coal and anthracite are non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value greater than 23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) on an ash-free but moist basis;

x

Sub-bituminous coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value between 23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) and 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg) containing more than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis;

x

Lignite/brown coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg) and greater than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis. Oil shale combusted directly is reported in this category.

However, when publishing these data, the IEA adopts a simplified classification of hard coal and brown coal. The correspondence is as follows: x

Hard coal: this is the sum of coking coal and steam coal;

x

Coking coal is reported in the category coking coal;

x

Other bituminous coal and anthracite are reported in the category steam coal;

x

Sub-bituminous coal is reported in the category Brown Coal except for: Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, South Korea (Republic of Korea) and the United States where it is included in steam coal (because of its relatively high calorific value);

x

Lignite is reported in the category brown coal.

The term “Total Coal” refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question (the conversion factors are submitted by national administrations to the IEA Secretariat each year) by the total volume of hard and brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. One tce has an energy content of 29.3 Gigajoules (GJ) or 7 000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe).

Defining coal consumption Energy statistics are compiled and presented to take account of the complexity in the way fuels are used and to avoid double counting. Misunderstandings can arise when statistics on coal consumption are used because of the particular terminology used by energy statisticians. Coal is used in four possible ways: x

As a primary input to produce electricity or a secondary/tertiary fuel that is used elsewhere or sold - this is referred to as use in transformation processes; e.g. coking coal used to produce coke in a coke oven, steam coal used to produce electricity

x

As a fuel used to support (but not used in) a transformation process - this is referred to as energy industry own use; e.g. coke oven gas used to heat the coke oven, steam coal used to operate the power plant

x

As a fuel consumed in manufacturing industry, mining and construction, in transport, in agriculture, in commercial and public services and in households - this is referred to as use in the final consumption sectors; e.g. steam coal used to produce heat in cement kilns, steam coal used to produce industrial process steam

x

As a raw material - this is referred to as non-energy use. e.g. coal used to produce carbon electrodes for the aluminium industry

In the wider community, the term “consumption” is commonly understood to include all four of the above end-uses. However, in this book the term “consumption” refers only to use in the final consumption sectors (i.e. in the third dot point above).

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COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.1

PART II WORLD COAL MARKET REVIEW

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COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.3

1. SUMMARY OECD coal production dropped by 6.0% in 2009. This is the lowest level of OECD coal production since 2003. On the consumption side, OECD coal consumption fell by 9.6% in 2009 to 1 449.3 Mtce. This level has not been seen in the OECD countries since 1995 and it was the largest year-over-year decline experienced by the OECD countries since OECD data began in 1960. The largest decline prior to this was 2.6% in 1992. Though other factors may have contributed, the drop in coal consumption can to a large extent be explained by the global recession and slowdown in economic activity. However, the decline in coal consumption was greater than the OECD 4.2% decline in gross electricity generation and the 4.6% decline in TPES, as the iron and steel industry was especially hard hit, with coking coal consumption in the OECD region declining by 19.4%. In addition, the United States, which was responsible for 40.6% of the electricity produced in the OECD in 2009, increased generation fuelled by natural gas by 4.2%, while generation using coal decreased by 10.9% and overall generation fell by 4.2%.

In 2009, total global coal production increased by 2.1% to 6 902.9 Mt, continuing the growth of the last 10 years where 2009 production was 54% higher than 1999 levels. This was driven almost entirely by growth in hard coal production which was 66% higher than in 1999. However, the divergence of coal consumption patterns between OECD and non-OECD economies in recent years became particularly pronounced with the recent financial crisis which commenced in the 4th quarter of 2008. This manifested with amongst other things, a pronounced decrease in total primary energy supply (TPES) for OECD countries of 1.2% in 2008, followed by a record 4.6% decrease in 2009. This was paired with a 2.4% decrease in gross domestic product (GDP). Gross electricity production in 2009 in the OECD (including generation from pumped storage plants) was

10 295 TWh, a decrease of 4.2% from 2008 making 2009 production levels the lowest since 2004. Coal and peat used to generate electricity in OECD countries decreased by 3.1% or 41.5 Mtce to 1 291.8 Mtce. In addition, the United States experienced an abundance of unconventional natural gas extracted from oil shale reserves, so while total U.S. gross electricity production decreased by the OECD average, production from natural gas increased by 4.2%, while production from coal decreased by 10.9%. Consequently, the proportion of electricity generated from coal in the United States decreased from 48.8% in 2008 to 45.4% in 2009. The downturn in the construction and automobile industries dramatically reduced demand for iron and steel in the OECD countries. As a consequence, coking coal consumption decreased dramatically in the OECD region by 37.8 Mt or 19.4% to 157.1 Mt. (Part III Table 2.2) This contrasts sharply with the People’s Republic of China whose: x hard coal consumption grew by 15.0% or 402.4 Mt; x hard coal production grew by 8.7% or 237.0 Mt; x steel production increased by approximately 68 Mt, which was higher than the entire production for any other country, except for Japan; and x pig iron production grew by over 15%. This ensured that globally, hard coal production increased by 3.4% (or 195.7 Mt) when compared to 2008. Brown coal production, however, decreased by 5.4% (or 51.5 Mt) to 913.3 Mt, a little above its 2002 level. The analysis of proved coal reserve data (Table II.3) indicates that at the current level of production, there is approximately 144 years of coal available for supply. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

Total global coal consumption increased by 3.3% or 156.1 Mtce in 2009, (Table II.4) which follows a sixyear trend of annual increases averaging 5.8%. The OECD region consumption share has slipped to 29.6% of the world total in 2009, down from 33.8% in 2008. This is mainly due to the rapid expansion and development in non-OECD countries, exacerbated by a 9.6% decrease in OECD coal consumption. OECD total coal consumption fell by 153.3 Mtce to 1 449.3 Mtce in 2009. The last time the OECD had lower annual consumption was 1995 and the 2009 level is 4.9% lower than the 1990 level of 1 523.6 Mtce. Global consumption above appeared to grow faster (3.3%) than the global production mentioned in the first paragraph (2.1%). This is because there was increased usage in higher value coals, combined with a decrease in usage of lower value brown coals. In addition, washing and upgrading of coals is increasing. Several techniques are discussed in the Coal Upgrading feature article on page II.29. Amongst the broad classifications of coal, world hard coal consumption increased by 4.6%, (Part III Table 2.1) steam coal consumption was up 243.6 Mt (5.0%), (Part III Table 2.3) and world coking coal consumption was up 19.6 Mt (2.6%) despite the downturn in OECD countries mentioned earlier. World brown coal consumption decreased by 5.7% (Part III Table 2.4) to 909.2 Mt Global hard coal exports grew by 0.4 Mt in 2009 (Table II.7). Steam coal exports increased by 26.8 Mt or 3.9% in 2009 (Table II.10), while coking coal exports decreased by 10.2% to 232.3 Mt (Table II.14). Because of differences in coal classification by trading partners, difficulties in assigning trade to specific destinations, and because trade is not instantaneous, import volumes do not exactly match export volumes. Total hard coal imports volume rose from 907.2 Mt to 926.5 Mt – an increase of 2.1% (Table II.8). Steam

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coal imports increased 4.0% or 28.1 Mt (Table II.12), while coking coal imports decreased by 4.2% to 199.1 Mt (Table II.15). The commodities boom in the early part of 2008 had a massive effect on coal prices with average CIF import steam coal prices increasing by 77% in Japan and 68% in the European Union. CIF import coking coal prices increased by 108% in Japan and 57% in the EU. Some of the numerous factors influencing price included: tight supply during a period of record annual consumption, flooding of mines in Australia, electricity shortages in South Africa and a temporary halt to Chinese exports to ensure domestic needs. Commodities tied up the world’s bulk carrier fleet and shipping costs rose to a historic high in May 2008 only to collapse to around 5% of this value when the global downturn started to impact. The subsequent downturn in transport and commodity pricing was cushioned by unprecedented demand for imports by the People’s Republic of China, and prices returned to around their 2007 levels, which were still noticeably higher than prices five years earlier. Regarding CO2 emissions in 2007, coal remains the largest source of world CO2 emissions, 1.33 Gt greater than those from oil and over twice those of natural gas (Figure II.6). Once more, coal-related emissions increased more rapidly in the non-OECD countries, and were again led by high growth in the People’s Republic of China whose coal consumption reached 40.7% of global coal consumption in 2007 compared to 26.7% in 2001. In the OECD, coal-related emissions were still following long-term trends and increasingly used for power generation as opposed to other industries and sectors whose shares have declined sharply in the 36 years since the inception of the IEA. In 2008, the share of primary coal directly combusted for electricity generation (in tonnage terms) had reached 83.1% in the OECD, compared to 60.8% in non-OECD countries.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.5

2. PRODUCTION Developments in world coal supply in 2008 and 2009 World coal production and use is broadly grouped by the two main coal types – hard coal and brown coal. Hard coal with a higher thermal value (varying from coal to coal and depending on the degree of preparation) is economically suited to international trade, with characteristics making some coals suitable for metallurgical (coking) uses. Brown coal (lignite and some sub-bituminous coals) has a much lower thermal value (the amount depending on the coal type and its water content) and is suitable largely for power generation locally or to a lesser extent for briquette manufacturing. The global economic downturn began to impact in the 4th quarter of 2008. However, it was not immediately obvious in 2008 data due to the commodities boom in the earlier parts of the year. In 2009, world hard coal production increased by 3.4% (compared to 6.5% in 2008) and followed a period encompassing seven years of record growth, driven predominantly by the People’s Republic of China, which still displayed growth of 8.7% for production in 2009. Total world hard coal production (including recovered slurries) reached 5 989.6 Mt, (Table II.1) an increase of 195.7 Mt over the 2008 level. It continued to be driven by growth in production from the non-OECD countries with 6.9% (or 294.3 Mt) growth in 2009. Among the major producing non-OECD countries, production increased in the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, Vietnam and Korea DPR, but declined in South Africa, Kazakhstan, Colombia and Ukraine. The steady increase between 2004 and 2008 for the OECD hard coal production (reaching a new production peak in 2008 of 1 532.1 Mt) was dramatically reversed

in 2009 with a decline of 98.7 Mt or 6.4%. Australia and the United Kingdom were the only two OECD countries to report increases in hard coal production in 2009. Hard coal production fell in every other OECD producer including Poland and Germany – both for the sixth year in sucession. Brown coal production declined by 5.3% (or 51.5 Mt) in 2009 (Table II.2), which returns it to levels last seen in 2004. OECD brown coal production decreased from 616.0 Mt to 586.6 Mt (or 4.8%), while non-OECD production fell 22.2 Mt to 326.6 Mt. Of note, Germany’s brown coal production decreased by 3.1% or 5.4 Mt to the lowest since the year 2000, while the Russian Federation’s brown coal production decreased to 68.2 Mt, dropping its brown coal production to below that of Turkey. Overall, world total coal production (hard and brown coal) increased by 2.1% (or 144.1 Mt) in 2009 to 6 902.9 Mt, following six years of strong growth that averaged 6.0% per annum. Growth for the years 2003 to 2008, inclusive, was 1 979.3 Mt, or a 41.4% increase over 2002 levels. World production for hard and brown coal are summarised in Tables II.1 and II.2 later in this narrative, and provided in more detail in Tables 1.1 and 1.4 in Part III.

Hard coal production OECD hard coal production declined by 98.7 Mt in 2009 from 1 532.1 Mt in 2008, a 6.4% decrease from what had been a record level in 2008. In 1973, the OECD accounted for about 50% of the world hard coal production. However, since then its share has continuously declined as more non-OECD countries have increased their hard coal production. While OECD production increased throughout the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

’70s and ’80s, its share of world production declined to about 40% by 1990 and by 2009 it had reduced to 24%. This was largely due to the prodigious expansion of the Chinese market since 2002. The largest OECD coal-producing region is OECDNorth America, with 67% of the OECD production (down from 69% in 2008). Nearly 24% of the OECD production is in the Pacific region (up from 22% in 2008) and the remaining 9% is in the OECD-Europe region. Table II.1: Major hard coal producers* [Mt] PR of China United States India Australia Indonesia South Africa Russian Federation Kazakhstan Poland Colombia Ukraine Vietnam DPR of Korea Canada United Kingdom Other

2007 2 466.4 981.7 454.4 324.6 223.8 247.7 217.9 93.5 88.3 69.9 58.7 42.5 23.9 32.8 17.0 98.4

2008 2 734.4 1 007.2 488.6 325.4 235.1 252.3 222.4 106.2 84.3 73.5 59.5 38.8 25.1 32.8 18.1 90.3

2009e 2 971.4 918.7 526.1 335.2 263.3 247.3 228.6 96.2 78.0 72.9 54.8 42.1 28.6 28.0 18.4 80.0

Total

5441.5

5794.0

5989.6

* Production includes recovered slurries.

Hard coal production in the non-OECD countries increased by 6.9% from 4 261.9 Mt in 2008 to 4 556.2 Mt in 2009. Over 99% of the non-OECD coal production is accounted for by 10 producing countries. The People’s Republic of China1 now accounts for 49.6% of world hard coal production and 65.2% of non-OECD production. In 2009, its production reached 2 971.4 Mt, an increase of 237.0 Mt (8.7%) above its 2008 level. In 2009, growth in hard coal production was 41.4 Mt higher than the rest of the world combined. Bearing in mind that the downturn was more pronounced in the OECD economies, it is still worth noting that the non-OECD countries excluding the People’s Republic of China only grew by 57.3 Mt. It should also be noted that the IEA Secretariat currently incorporates lignite and sub-bituminous coals in hard coal figures for the People’s Republic of China while it is in the process of determining accurate

1. For more information on coal in the People’s Republic of China, see pages V.18 to V.21 in this publication and also the IEA Cleaner Coal in China publication released in April 2009.

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figures with Chinese counterparts. When finalised, the amounts could be noticeable in terms of brown coal figures, but not so much for the drop in hard coal figures as their entire brown coal production would be only a minor proportion of their annual growth in coal production. Hard coal production in the People’s Republic of China has experienced a remarkable recovery since the late 1990s when the government instituted a series of company consolidations and mine closures. Their production has more than doubled since 2000, which allows the country to meet the fast growing demand for coal to generate electricity and make steel. However, as a major coal exporter, the People’s Republic of China moved from the second largest hard coal exporter in 2001 to the sixth in 2008 and ninth in 2009. When also taking into account that the People’s Republic of China was the sixth largest hard coal importer in 2008, but became the second largest in 2009, their trade balance moved from net exports of 5.0 Mt in 2008, to net imports of 114.2 Mt in 2009. Imports grew dramatically from 40.3 Mt to 137.0 Mt (Table II.8), while exports decreased from 45.3 Mt to 22.8 Mt (Table II.7). India is the second largest non-OECD hard coal producer and third in the world. India hard coal production increased by 7.7% to 526.1 Mt and follows a 7.5% increase in 2008. Although it dominates South Asian production, it contains a very high ash quotient and is almost exclusively consumed domestically. Indonesia2 produces well over 80% of the hard coal mined in South-East Asia annually (with another 15% coming from Vietnam) and it was the fifth largest hard coal producer in 2009 with coal production reaching 263.3 Mt, up 12.0% from its 2008 level. Indonesia is also the second largest coal exporter worldwide behind Australia and the largest exporter of steam coal since 2005, surpassing Australia.

Brown coal production Based upon the most recent study from the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), the total global economic reserves of brown coal are about 268.8 billion tons, revised downwards from estimates in the prior year. Qualities

2. For more information on coal in Indonesia, see pages V.31 to V.33 in this publication and also the IEA’s Energy Policy Review of Indonesia publication released in November 2008.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.7

and thermal values can vary considerably between different deposits. Nevertheless, brown coal (lignite) is an important source of energy supply. Almost all lignite is mined by opencast operations, and almost all is used for electricity production in local plants, although smaller amounts are used in some countries for industry and to produce briquettes for home heating. In several countries, brown coal is used to generate over half the country’s electricity production (Estonia (using oil shale), some former Yugoslav countries, the Czech Republic and Greece) and in others (Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Germany, Australia and Hungary) significant shares of electricity production are fuelled by lignite. The production of brown coal decreased in 2009, down 5.4% from 964.8 Mt to 913.3 Mt (Table II.2). OECD brown coal production decreased 4.8% to 586.6 Mt, while the non-OECD’s production decreased 6.4% to 326.6 Mt. Of note, all three of the largest brown coal producing countries in the world, (Germany, Turkey and the Russian Federation) produced less brown coal than in 2008. Table II.2: Major brown coal producers [Mt] Germany Turkey Russian Federation United States Greece Australia Poland Czech Republic Serbia Indonesia Canada India Romania Bulgaria Thailand Other

2007 180.4 72.9 71.1 71.3 66.3 65.6 57.5 49.7 37.1 36.7 36.6 34.0 35.8 28.4 18.2 92.0

2008 175.3 76.8 82.5 68.7 65.7 72.4 59.7 47.5 38.7 38.5 34.9 32.4 35.9 29.0 18.0 88.8

2009e 169.9 70.5 68.2 65.8 64.7 64.0 57.1 45.4 38.3 38.2 35.0 34.7 30.6 27.2 17.7 86.0

Total

953.6

964.8

913.3

Following its 1989 peak, brown coal production declined steadily until 1999, largely as a result of contractions of demand and supply in central and Eastern Europe. Production stabilised from 2000 onwards, mainly as a result of an increased use for electricity generation in countries such as Germany, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, Romania, India and Canada. However, the drop in 2009 brown coal production, down to levels last seen in 2002, was a result of decreased electricity demand due to the global economic downturn.

Coal resources, reserves and production Definitions Quantification of mineable coal is based on a consideration of geological, mining and economic criteria. The amount of coal in place and in some cases the amount of mineable coal is influenced by national resource measurement criteria. The basis for computation of these resources varies from country to country, and it must be borne in mind that for this reason, direct comparisons are sometimes not possible. During the 1990s, there was a considerable discussion on the adoption of internationally recognised standards for reporting reserves. This largely stems from the requirements of capital markets for improved transparency in reserve estimation where project financing is being sought. However, to date there has not been any adoption of international standards. There are, however, some generally recognised definitions that can be applied. For example: x Resources refer to the amount of coal that may be present in a deposit or a coalfield. This does not take into account the feasibility of mining the coal economically. Not all resources are recoverable using current technology. Reserves constitute those resources that are recoverable. x Reserves may be defined further in terms of proved (or measured) reserves, and probable (or indicated) reserves, based on exploration results and the degree of confidence in those results. Probable reserves have been estimated with a lower degree of confidence than proved reserves. Estimates take account of coalfields’ geological characteristics, in particular the regularity, thickness and quality of seams, the spacing of exploration boreholes and other exposures, and geological discontinuities such as faults or folding, all of which affect the practical recoverability of the coal. x Proved reserves are those reserves that are not only confidently considered to be recoverable, but also can also be recovered economically, under current market conditions. In other words they take into account what current mining technology can achieve as well as the economics of recovery (mining, transportation and other relevant recovery costs such as government royalties, and coal prices). Proved reserves will therefore fluctuate according to economic conditions, especially price. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

Table II.3: Proved recoverable reserves in 2008 and 2009 production [Mt] Region OECD Europe OECD North America OECD Pacific

Proved recoverable reserves 2008 Hard coal Soft brown coal Total 18 447 237 607 41 111

52 340 33 336 44 050

OECD Total

296 983

Transition Economies of which: Russian Fed.

123 691 69 946

People’s Republic of China Asia of which: India Latin America of which: Colombia Africa and Middle East World

Hard coal

70 787 270 943 85 161

134.1 957.2 342.1

129 726

426 709

93 943 91 607

217 634 161 553

180 600

11 000

191 600

90 076 76 372

14 187 4 342

104 263 80 714

9 032 5 298

5 073 -

14 105 5 298

Production 2009 Brown coal

Total

421.6 100.7 64.3

555.8 1 058.0 406.3

1 433.4

586.6

2 020.0

380.2 228.6

207.5 68.2

587.9 296.8

2 971.4

0.0

2 971.4

871.6 526.1

112.6 34.7

984.2 560.8

77.9 72.9

6.0 0.4

83.9 73.3

33 123

9

33 132

255.0

0.5

255.5

728 436

268 759

997 195

5 989.6

913.3

6 902.9

Sources: Reserves - Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) www.bgr.bund.de Production - International Energy Agency, Coal Information 2010

Coal reserve estimates In its most recent study, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) estimates the current proved recoverable global coal reserves at 997.2 billion tonnes which was an increase of 7.3 billion tons from 2008 (Table II.3). The 2008 proved recoverable reserves represent over 144 years of production at current levels. An estimate published by the World Energy Council (WEC) in 1978 set proved coal reserves at 636.4 billion tonnes. Thus, world proved coal reserves are 57% larger, or 360.8 billion tonnes higher, than they were 31 years before. This is even though production from 1978 to 2009 is estimated to be 152.1 billion tonnes. It is also important to note that world hard coal total resources are estimated to be 15.65 trillion tonnes or over 15 times proved reserves. Another estimate published by the WEC on reserves at the end of 2002 set proved coal reserves at 909.1 billion tonnes. Even though it is difficult to compare the estimates from two different sources, the increase

observed between the end-2002 coal reserves and the 2008 coal reserves suggests that, as the prices increased, a part of the resources was reallocated to reserves as they became economically recoverable. Also, 2008 saw considerable changes to 2007 proved reserves, particularly for hard coal reserves which increased by 17.8 billion tonnes, mainly due to increases in the People’s Republic of China, Asia, and Africa.

Geographic location of proved coal reserves Although coal resources are widely distributed around the world3, proved coal reserves tend to be concentrated in the countries which rely on coal for domestic energy or export revenue. OECD-North America and the Transition Economy countries controlled 27.2% and 21.8% of the proved coal reserves, respectively. About 19.2% of proved reserves are in the People’s Republic of China and 10.5% in Asia (excluding the People’s Republic of China). Thus, almost 80% of proved coal reserves are concentrated in just four regions. Looking at hard coal reserves, OECD-North America contains 32.6% of world reserves and the same four regions contain 86.8% of reserves.

3. The range of definitions of coal resources and reserves, an overview of the national classification systems is provided in an Appendix to Major Coalfields of the World, IEA Coal Research, London, June 2000.

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COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.9

3. CONSUMPTION This section reviews consumption of total1, hard, steam and coking coal in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Table II.4 shows total coal consumption for selected countries expressed in Mtce.

Total coal consumption Although competitive cost coal resources are relatively abundant world-wide (contributing to coal’s use in many countries, principally for electricity generation), 76.3% of world consumption of coal is accounted for by just five countries: the People’s Republic of China, the United States, India, the Russian Federation and Japan. This is an increase from 74.0% in 2008 (Table II.4). If a second set of five countries is added to this list – South Africa, Germany, Korea, Australia and Poland, then 86.2% of the world coal consumption is accounted for.

OECD consumption OECD coal consumption for 2009 is estimated to be 1 449.3 Mtce, a decrease of 9.6% from the 2008 level of 1 602.6 Mtce. In 2008, OECD coal consumption had increased by 5.2% over 1990 levels and accounted for 33.8% of global consumption. The dramatic downturn in 2009 brought OECD coal consumption 4.9% under 1990 levels, accounting for 29.6% of global coal consumption. In the United States, coal consumption is estimated at 695.1 Mtce in 2009, 10.7% less than the level in 2008. In OECD-Europe, coal consumption is estimated to be 394.3 Mtce in 2009, a 10.8% decrease from the level of consumption in 2008, following a 6.7% decrease

1. Total coal, discussed in this section, refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal, converted to a common energy unit – in this case million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).

when compared to 2007. The largest decline in consumption was 11.2 Mtce in Germany or 10.0%, followed by 7.6 Mtce in the United Kingdom, 6.9 Mtce in Poland and 5.7 Mtce in Italy. Total coal consumption in the OECD-Pacific was 319.1 Mtce, a decrease of 5.3% from 2008. This was driven by Japan’s consumption drop of 17.1 Mtce or 10.5%, while consumption in Australia and New Zealand declined by 3.9% and 4.2%, respectively.

Non-OECD consumption Total coal consumption in the non-OECD countries continued its strong growth, increasing by 9.9% from 3 139.8 Mtce to 3 449.3 Mtce. This was mainly due to the People’s Republic of China, which strengthened its position as the largest coal-consuming country in 2009. Consumption was up in China (including Hong Kong) by 15.2% from 2 040.0 Mtce to 2 350.9 Mtce or 47.9% of total world coal consumption. Consumption also increased in other major coal consuming countries including India (9.0%), Chinese Taipei (6.1%) and Kazakhstan (15.2%), while consumption declined in the Russian Federation (10.6%), and Ukraine (18.6%).

Hard coal consumption Hard coal consumption covers coking coal and steam coal greater than 18 600 kJ/kg. (Countries for which sub-bituminous coal is included in hard coal are listed in the box on page 32 in Part I). Because of special coking qualities and their higher calorific value, and lower moisture and ash levels, which minimise the transportation costs of the energy contained in these products, these coals comprise the vast majority of coal that moves in international trade. Brown coal is used almost exclusively domestically. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

Table II.4: Total coal consumption [Mtce] (Selected countries) 2007

2008

2009e

791.6 165.2 119.9 79.6 79.9 86.0 54.6 41.5 37.2 30.2 23.7 29.4 19.2 12.6 11.9 12.0 6.6 5.8 6.3 28.1

778.3 162.7 112.4 89.0 82.8 84.8 50.6 42.0 36.1 28.2 23.5 19.8 18.0 11.9 9.4 11.3 5.7 5.7 4.4 26.0

695.1 145.6 101.2 91.6 79.6 77.9 43.0 40.5 29.6 26.6 17.8 15.9 13.6 11.5 11.2 10.5 5.6 5.3 5.1 22.1

Non-OECD countries PR of China India Russian Federation South Africa Chinese Taipei Indonesia Kazakhstan Ukraine DPR of Korea Thailand Brazil Vietnam Malaysia Hong Kong (China) Israel Serbia Bulgaria Romania Philippines Other non-OECD

1 855.3 342.4 161.2 138.7 59.2 48.6 43.4 56.8 21.7 20.2 18.0 14.0 12.6 10.8 11.5 10.4 10.9 13.1 9.0 59.9

2 030.0 372.9 169.8 136.9 57.0 53.1 42.7 58.0 24.3 21.9 18.1 16.7 13.6 10.0 11.1 10.7 10.6 12.4 9.5 60.5

2 340.0 406.3 151.8 135.8 60.5 52.8 49.2 47.2 27.9 20.6 17.8 14.6 12.1 10.9 10.9 10.5 9.1 9.1 7.7 54.5

European Union Total IEA Total OECD Total non-OECD

463.2 1 629.3 1 641.3 2 917.7

429.5 1 593.1 1 602.6 3 139.8

378.3 1 438.0 1 449.3 3 449.3

World

4 559.0

4 742.4

4 898.5

OECD countries United States Japan Germany Korea Australia Poland United Kingdom Turkey Canada Czech Republic Italy Spain France Greece Mexico Netherlands Denmark Slovak Republic Finland Other OECD

Note: The term total coal refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question by the total volume of hard coal and brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. The energy content of one tonne of coal equivalent is 29.3 Gigajoules (GJ) or 7000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). Consumption refers to total primary energy supply. (TPES)

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The world hard coal consumption rose an estimated 4.6% in 2009 to 5 924.3 Mt. Consumption in OECD countries decreased by 9.4% to 1 536.0 Mt, while the nonOECD hard coal consumption increased by 10.6% to 4 388.4 Mt.

Steam coal consumption Steam coal has three main end-uses: x by far, most steam coal is an input in the power sector to produce electricity and heat (which is then sold to third parties, mostly as district heat); x as a fuel in the final consumption sectors for the production of heat and/or steam (i.e. in industry, residential, commercial and public services, agriculture and transport); x small amounts are being used as PCI coal (pulverised coal injection) in blast furnaces and as well as for blending with coking coal. World steam coal consumption was up 5.0% in 2009, to 5 163.0 Mt. Steam coal consumption in the OECD countries decreased by 8.1% in 2009, to 1 378.9 Mt. Viewed on a regional basis, steam coal consumption decreased by 9.5% in OECD-North America, 9.1% in OECD-Europe, and 2.0% in OECD-Pacific. A 9.0% increase by Korea and 2.8% by Australia offset decreases in Japan and New Zealand. Non-OECD steam coal consumption increased by 10.7% to 3 784.1 Mt. Steam coal consumption decreased in several of the major consumer countries including the United States, Japan, the Russian Federation and South Africa. It increased 15.0% in the People’s Republic of China from 2 295.7 Mt to 2 639.9 Mt. It also increased by 7.5% (or 37.4 Mt) in India to 536.3 Mt.

Coking coal consumption Coking coal has three main end-uses: x by far, most coking coal is used as an input for the production of coke oven coke in coke ovens; x some coking coal is used as an input in the power sector to produce electricity and (which is then sold to third parties, mostly as district heat). In 2009, this occurred in Germany, Poland and Turkey;

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.11

x small amounts are used as a fuel in the final consumption sectors for the production of heat and/or steam (i.e. in industry, residential, commercial and public services, agriculture and transport). Coking coal is defined as a hard coal with a quality that allows the production of coke oven coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge. Traditionally, coking coals command a price premium over steam coals reflecting a higher carbon content. Almost all coking coal is transformed into coke oven coke in a coke oven and used in blast furnaces for the production of pig-iron. Pig-iron is subsequently converted to steel in an oxygen steel furnace. Hence, consumption of coking coal and coke oven coke, is derived from the consumption of pig-iron and less directly from the consumption of steel.

Coke oven coke production and consumption Coke oven coke is produced in coke ovens from coking coal that may be sourced from a single coal mine or produced from a blend of coking coals sourced from different coal mines. In some cases, non-coking coals (referred to as soft or semi-soft coking coals) can be included in the blend to make coking coal, and hence a coke, of a particular quality. Most coke ovens are located at iron and steel plants; other coke oven plants are at coal mines or at town gas plants. Although coke oven coke is mainly consumed in the iron and steel industry in blast furnaces for the production of pig-iron, it can also be used in foundries as coke breeze in sinter production, as well as in coke ovens themselves to support coke oven coke production.

New technologies for the production of steel that bypass the blast furnace involving the direct reduction of iron ore are expected to further weaken the relationship between steel and coking coal consumption, as will usage of alternative carbon sources in blast furnaces, such as charcoal, plastic pellets, natural gas, coke oven gas, animal meal and PCI.

In 2009, in the OECD countries, it is estimated that 103.0 Mt of coke oven coke was produced and 106.3 Mt of coke oven coke was consumed. (Tables 1.5 and 2.5, Part III). Production decreased dramatically by 24.1 Mt or 19.0% from 127.1 Mt in 2008, as consumption similarly decreased by 19.7% from 132.4 Mt in 2008.

Coking coal consumption in the OECD (Table 2.2, Part III) decreased significantly by 19.4% to 157.1 Mt in 2009 as demand for steel plummeted. Outside of the economic downturn, despite some recent growth in 2004, 2006 and 2007, coking coal consumption has generally been declining in the OECD since the mid1980s. Several factors have combined to weaken coking coal consumption. First, to some extent, this is due to the growing use of pulverised coal injection (PCI), and to a lesser extent, heavy fuel oil injection into blast furnaces. Coal used for PCI is generally of steam coal quality, so steam coal is displacing coking coal. Second, the steel industries in the OECD countries are experiencing technological evolution where traditional integrated steel production, which relies on coke oven coke, is losing ground to electric arc furnace technology which does not require coke. Third, there has been a general migration of integrated steel manufacturing from the OECD to the non-OECD countries.

Coals for pulverised coal injection (PCI)

World consumption of coking coal in 2009 is estimated to have increased by about 2.6% to 761.3 Mt. In 2009, the People’s Republic of China accounted for 58.5% of global coking coal consumption up from 52.2% in 2008. The next five major coking coal consumers are: India, Japan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Korea. Together they accounted for another 25.6% of world annual coking coal consumption.

The steel industry is a major consumer of coal for use in the production of pig-iron in blast furnaces. The choice of coals for use in steel-making has been a prime concern of the industry, particularly in Japan with the expansion of the steel industry in the 1960s and following the oil price shocks which led to the significant substitution of heavy fuel oil by coal in some blast furnaces. Improvements were made world-wide in coal blending technology, coking technology and coke application technology for blast furnaces, and in the late 1970s, semi-soft coking coal and non-coking coal were partly used for the first time. In the second half of the 1980s, pulverised coal injection—a technology for injecting coal directly into the blast furnace to provide the chemical reaction agents necessary to convert iron ore to pig-iron—became more prevalent. Coal used in this way, as PCI, provides important economic benefits to the steel-maker in addition to the immediate benefit of a lower fuel price. It also lowers the quantity of coke required to produce pig-iron. One tonne of PCI coal replaces about 1.4 tonnes of coking coal and thereby prolongs the life of coke ovens by reducing the amount of coke required to be produced. This is important because INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

many coke ovens are reaching the end of their useful life and significant investment is required to replace or to maintain them, which often involves additional costs to meet stringent environmental standards. Table II.5: PCI used in blast furnaces (major consumers in thousand tonnes)

Japan Korea Russian Federation Germany France India United States Netherlands United Kingdom Italy Australia Spain Sweden Belgium Turkey Slovak Republic Colombia

2007 11 594 6 284 3 500 3 115 3 110 2 377 1 959 1 593 1 242 1 030 808 769 532 450 293 468 198

2008 9 705 6 997 3 996 3 071 2 636 2 493 2 482 1 353 1 170 1 102 825 661 515 478 444 406 255

Total

39 322

38 589

See Table 5.4 in Part III for other countries and historical data. World totals are Secretariat estimates. Includes granular coal injection for some countries. Data for some non-OECD countries (PR of China in particular) are not available.

The performance of PCI technology depends on the quality and consistency of the pulverised coal used in the blast furnace. In terms of volatility, a wide range of coals—from anthracite to high volatile—are utilised. Indicative qualities for PCI coal (air dried) are as follows: below 7% ash; below 10% total moisture, low alkalis and low phosphorus. It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal consumption, PCI is classified by the IEA Secretariat as a steam coal (as most PCI coal is generally of a steam coal quality and not coking coal quality) for most countries. (For Japan, PCI consumption is reported in

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this book as a coking coal in order to be consistent with the Japanese practice of including imports of PCI coal with coking coal). This approach to coal classification for statistical reporting purposes recognises that PCI and other similar coals can also be blended with coking coal to form a coal that is still suitable for coke making. However, it should be noted that member countries are not consistent in reporting steam and coking coal import and export statistics to the IEA Secretariat because PCI coals are included in coking coal data by some countries and in steam coal by others. For this reason it is difficult to compare steam and coking coal supply in some large users of PCI or to match import data with export data for the same partner countries for steam and coking. As imports and exports data for PCI coal are not available separately, the IEA Secretariat is not able to “correct” trade data reported by member countries to ensure that the series of steam and coking coal trade and supply are consistent. PCI coal is classified as steam coal in the statistics of the following countries: France, Luxembourg and Turkey, whereas PCI coal is classified as a coking coal by the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and the United States. PCI consumption statistics suggest that PCI consumption worldwide is increasing as steel industries in the Non-OECD countries refine their steel making technology and add new processes such as carbon injection. Total PCI consumption declined in 2008 by 1.9% from 2007 (Table II.5). The four top consumers (Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation and Germany) accounted for 61.6% of all PCI consumption. However, their consumption declined by 3.0%, with Japan’s consumption dropping by 16.3% due to the economic downturn.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.13

4. TRADE Hard coal trade World hard coal trade grew by 0.3% or 3.0 Mt in 2009. Trade is now estimated to be 940.8 Mt in 2009 compared to 937.8 Mt in 2008 (Table II.6). Table II.6: World hard coal trade [Mt] World Asia - Pacific Europe Africa + Middle East North America Latin America Balancing Item

2008

2009e

937.8 484.4 297.4 24.9 46.2 27.3 57.6

940.8 574.0 254.4 18.8 34.6 23.0 36.1

Growth (%) 0.3% 18.5% -14.5% -24.6% -25.1% -15.8% NA

Note: There is some uncertainty in the regional breakdown of trade because the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.2 has not been allocated to the regions. The convention adopted in this book is that world trade in coal is considered equal to the sum of the exports of all countries. Because total world imports do not equal total world exports for the same period (as trade is not instantaneous) a balancing item has been introduced in Part III, Tables 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4. As a consequence, the sum of imports of coal by region may not coincide with world trade.

Detailed statistics on imports and exports by origin and destination for the OECD countries are presented in Part IV. Detailed coal trade statistics for the main non-OECD countries are presented in Part V of this book.

Exports Australia remains the world's leading coal exporter with total hard coal exports reaching 261.7 Mt in 2009, up 3.8% after an increase of 3.5% in 2008 (Table II.7). Indonesia continues to show export growth with an increase of 13.4% or 27.1 Mt to reach 229.7 Mt in 2009 and remains the second largest hard coal exporter in the world as demand in the Asia-Pacific region grew by 18.5%.

The Russian Federation’s exports of hard coal increased by 19.2% to 116.2 Mt in 2009, due to large increases in demand in the People’s Republic of China, and remained the world’s third largest hard coal exporter. Colombian coal exports increased by 2.5%, reaching 69.5 Mt in 2009, and Colombia remained the fourthlargest coal exporter. South African exports grew by 11.5% or 6.9 Mt to 66.9 Mt in 2009, recovering slightly from 2008 levels, which were the lowest level since 1998. Exports from the United States in 2009 returned to 2007 values of 53.4 Mt after a spike to 73.7 Mt in 2008, due to exports to Europe during the commodities boom. Table II.7: Major hard coal exporters [Mt] Australia Indonesia Russian Federation Colombia South Africa United States Canada Vietnam PR of China Kazakhstan Other Total(1)

2007 243.6 197.0 98.1 64.6 65.9 53.4 30.4 31.9 53.1 29.5 58.1 925.6

2008 252.2 202.6 97.5 67.8 60.0 73.7 31.5 19.4 45.3 42.7 50.5 943.2

2009e 261.7 229.7 116.2 69.5 66.9 53.4 28.3 25.6 22.8 22.7 46.8 943.6

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.2, and Tables 3.14 and 3.16 in Part III. Statistics for hard coal exports and imports presented in these tables are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.5, 3.7, 3.14 and 3.16.

Canadian hard coal exports decreased by 10.2% to 28.3 Mt. However, Canada rose to become the seventh largest coal exporter as exports from the People’s Republic of China decreased for the sixth consecutive year, this time almost halving. Exports decreased by 22.5 Mt to 22.8 Mt, dropping the People’s Republic of China to ninth behind Vietnam, who had a 6.2 Mt increase in exports, of which most became Chinese imports. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

Imports Although final data for coal imports does not allow for allocation of all reported coal exports to countries world-wide, preliminary estimates indicate that total world hard coal imports which can be allocated were about 926.5 Mt in 2009, a 2.1% increase over 2008 imports (Table II.8). The top five ranking coal importing countries in 2009 are, in order: Japan, the People’s Republic of China, Korea, India and Chinese Taipei. The People’s Republic of China’s imports grew 240.0% from 40.3 Mt and as a consequence, the People’s Republic of China moved from sixth on the import rankings to second. India’s imports grew by 14.7% to pass Chinese Taipei. Of the top 20 importers, 13 decreased from 2008 by a combined 15.1% or 73.3 Mt. Table II.8: Major hard coal importers [Mt] Japan PR of China Korea India Chinese Taipei Germany United Kingdom Russian Federation Turkey United States Netherlands Italy Spain Brazil Thailand Other

2007 187.0 51.0 88.3 49.8 59.3 46.3 43.4 23.4 22.9 32.9 26.0 25.0 24.4 14.9 14.1 194.6

2008 184.2 40.3 99.6 59.0 58.0 45.4 43.9 31.0 19.5 30.9 21.2 25.1 21.0 15.3 15.9 196.9

2009e 164.8 137.0 103.0 67.7 60.3 38.5 38.2 23.5 20.4 20.4 19.9 19.4 17.0 14.9 14.7 166.8

Total(1)

903.3

907.2

926.5

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.2, and Tables 3.14 and 3.16 in Part III. Statistics for hard coal exports and imports presented in these tables are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.5, 3.7, 3.14 and 3.16.

Seaborne coal trade The methodology used to estimate seaborne trade is described in the accompanying box. World seaborne coal trade was 858.8 Mt in 2009, of which 641.9 Mt was steam coal and 217.0 Mt was coking coal (Table II.9). Seaborne trade was slightly higher compared to 2008. This marks the 11th consecutive year of growth for seaborne hard coal trade. The annual volume of world and seaborne trade since 1986 are shown in Part III, Table 3.1. Seaborne hard coal trade between 1987 and 2007 has increased at an average rate of 7.2% for steam coal, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Methodology for estimating seaborne coal trade Seaborne coal trade is estimated as exports from all countries with the following exceptions. Hard coal, steam and coking coal are calculated similarly: Europe: - Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Slovak Republic excludes continental Europe main rail and inland waterways shipping routes. - Poland excludes one third of all exports to Germany and all exports to Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, the Slovak Republic, former Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia - Former Yugoslavia excludes intra-former Yugoslavia trade Former Soviet Union Republics excludes all exports to Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic and exclude intra-Soviet Union trade North / South America: - Canada excludes to the United States - Colombia excludes to Venezuela - United States excludes to Canada, Mexico - Venezuela excludes to Colombia Asia: - PR of China - DRP Korea - India - Myanmar - Vietnam

excludes to DRP Korea excludes to People’s Republic of China excludes neighbouring countries except the People’s Republic of China excludes to Thailand excludes to Cambodia

Africa: - South Africa - Zimbabwe

excludes neighbouring countries excludes neighbouring countries

2.8% for coking coal and 5.5% combined. This trend was not matched in 2008 when steam coal trade declined 0.2% and coking coal trade grew by 7.5%. However, in 2009, trade in steam coal rose 6.0% and coking coal trade fell by 10.6%. Table II.9: World seaborne hard coal trade [Mt] Steam Coal Coking Coal Total

2008 605.6 242.6 848.2

2009e 641.9 217.0 858.8

Growth (%) 6.0% -10.6% 1.2%

The breakdown between coking and steam coal statistics in world coal trade is affected by the practice of some countries, e.g. Australia includes some steam coal (soft or semi-soft coking coal, used for blending or as PCI) in their coking coal statistics. Some countries, e.g. Japan (See Box on Japanese coal trade classification), also report such coals as coking coal imports but other countries include this trade in their

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.15

steam coal import statistics. This results in a discrepancy between reported world imports and exports of coking and steam coal.

and the United States experienced declines in their steam coal exports. Table II.10: Major steam coal exporters [Mt] Indonesia Australia Russian Federation Colombia South Africa Vietnam Kazakhstan PR of China United States Canada Other

2008 173.0 115.3 83.9 67.8 59.4 19.4 42.3 41.8 35.1 4.9 41.6

2009e 200.2 136.5 105.0 69.4 66.3 25.6 22.2 21.3 19.6 6.9 38.3

Total(1)

684.5

711.3

A note on Japanese coal trade classification In the official Japanese trade statistics collected by the Ministry of Finance (MOF), imported coal is initially classified according to its inherent properties, then allocated to either the category steam or coking coal. Bituminous coal with not more than 8% ash (on an air-dried basis) is always classified as a coking coal. Sub-bituminous coal, irrespective of its ash content, is classified as a steam coal. Bituminous coal with more than 8% ash can be classified as either a steam or coking coal, according to the judgement at the discharge port. In practice, this means for example, that Kaltim Prima coal (classified as a steam coal in Indonesian export statistics) is always classified as a coking coal by MOF, despite its possible use as a power station fuel. On the other hand METI (the Japanese Agency that submits trade data to the IEA) collects import data from coal users and classifies coal on the basis of its free swelling index (FSI) and percent Volatile content as follows: FSI greater than 1 greater than 1 others

Volatile content, % Less than or equal to 14 Less than or equal to 23 Others

Classification coking coal coking coal Steam coal

Overland coal trade Coal traded overland internationally in 2009 was 82.0 Mt, down from 88.6 Mt (Table 3.1, Part III). This represented 8.7% of total international coal trade. This contrasts with 1985 where overland internationally traded coal was 182.4 Mt or 39.7% of international trade. Also of note, while overland trade is only 8.7% of international trade, in 2009 international exports were only 13.6% of global production. This means in 2009, seaborne trade, although dominating international coal trade, was only a factor in the transportation of 12.4% of all coal production.

Steam coal trade Total world steam coal exports increased by 26.8 Mt or 3.9% in 2009 (Table II.10). In terms of tonnage, exports from Indonesia, Australia, the Russian Federation, Colombia, South Africa and Vietnam rose in 2009, whereas the People’s Republic of China, Kazakhstan,

Note: Uncertainty in the regional breakdown of trade exists because the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.3, is not allocated to the regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in this table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part III, Tables 3.19 and 3.21.

In 2009, Indonesia further increased their world steam coal market share from 25.3% to 28.1%. Australia, the Russian Federation and Colombia followed with respective shares of 19.2% (up 2.3 percentage points), 14.8% (up 2.5 percentage points) and 9.8% (down 0.1 percentage points) as Australia and Indonesia both produced record exports. In 2009, steam coal imports in the Asia-Pacific market increased by 22.4%, or 81.2 Mt, to reach 443.4 Mt (Table II.11). Asia-Pacific imports represented 62.6% of total world steam coal trade in 2009, up from 53.6% in 2008. Consumption growth in the AsiaPacific market has supported international steam coal trade in the recent past and this trend has been particularly pronounced since the economic downturn. Table II.11: World steam coal trade [Mt] World Asia - Pacific Europe North America Africa + Middle East Latin America Balancing Item

2008 676.0 362.3 226.0 41.4 20.3 13.7

2009e 708.5 443.4 208.9 31.5 16.1 9.8

12.4

-1.3

Growth % 4.8% 22.4% -7.5% -23.9% -20.3% -28.4% NA

Note: Uncertainty in the regional breakdown of trade exists because the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.3, is not allocated to the regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in this table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part III, Tables 3.19 and 3.21.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

Japan remained the world's largest single market for seaborne steam coal, receiving 112.5 Mt in 2009, down 14.3 Mt from 2008 (Table II.12). The People’s Republic of China’s steam coal imports grew from 33.5 Mt in 2008 to 102.2 Mt in 2009. Other major recipients in the region were Korea (82.4 Mt – up 6.9 Mt), and Chinese Taipei (56.9 Mt – up 3.6 Mt).

In 2009, 9.8 Mt of steam coal were imported to Latin American countries, (over 60% of which went to Brazil). The largest suppliers to Latin America are Colombia, Indonesia, South Africa, and the United States.

Coking coal trade

In 2009, the major steam coal suppliers to this AsiaPacific market were Indonesia, Australia, the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation and Vietnam.

Total world coking coal trade decreased by 11.3% to 232.3 Mt in 2009 (Table II.13).

Table II.12: Major steam coal importers [Mt]

Table II.13: World coking coal trade [Mt]

Japan PR of China Korea Chinese Taipei India United Kingdom Germany Russian Federation United States Netherlands Italy Turkey Spain Thailand Malaysia Other

2008 126.8 33.5 75.5 53.3 37.9 37.5 36.2 29.5 29.3 16.9 19.0 13.4 17.6 15.9 18.1 138.9

2009e 112.5 102.2 82.4 56.9 44.3 33.1 32.0 22.1 19.5 16.9 16.3 15.7 15.0 14.7 14.5 129.3

Total(1)

699.3

727.4

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.3 and Tables 3.19 and 3.21 in Part III. Statistics for steam coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.10, 3.12, 3.19 and 3.21.

Steam coal exports to the European market were 208.9 Mt in 2009, 7.5% lower than in 2008. This market represents 29.5% of total world steam coal trade - down from 33.4% in 2008. Within the region, the major European importers were the United Kingdom (33.1 Mt), Germany (32.0 Mt), the Netherlands (16.9 Mt), Italy (16.3 Mt), Turkey (15.7 Mt), Spain (15.0 Mt), and France (10.9 Mt). The 2009 main steam coal suppliers to this market were the Russian Federation, South Africa, Colombia, Indonesia, the United States, Poland and Australia. In North America, steam coal shipments decreased by 23.9% to 31.5 Mt in 2009. Total North American steam coal imports were down by 9.9 Mt – a similar decrease to the 10.1 Mt in 2008. The largest supplier to the North American market is Colombia, followed by trade between Canada and the United States. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

World Asia - Pacific Europe Latin America North America Africa + Middle East Balancing Item

2008

2009e

Growth %

261.8 122.1 71.5 13.6 4.9 4.7

232.3 130.5 45.5 13.2 3.1 2.7

-11.3% 6.9% -36.3% -3.1% -35.5% -43.0%

45.2

37.3

NA

Note: Uncertainty exists in the regional trade breakdown because the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.4 is not allocated to the regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in this table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part III, Tables 3.18 and 3.20.

Australia remained by far the largest exporter of coking coal at 125.2 Mt, although exports decreased by 11.7 Mt compared to the previous year (Table II.14). The United States has become the second-ranking coking coal exporter with volume of 33.8 Mt, down from 38.6 Mt. The third-ranked Indonesia remained relatively stable with 29.5 Mt of exports. It should be noted that Indonesian exports are not true coking coals. Table II.14: Major coking coal exporters [Mt] Australia United States Indonesia Canada Russian Federation Czech Republic New Zealand Poland PR of China Belgium Other

2008 136.9 38.6 29.6 26.6 13.6 4.1 2.6 1.7 3.5 1.4

2009e 125.2 33.8 29.5 21.4 11.2 3.2 2.0 1.7 1.5 0.9 1.9

Total(1)

258.6

232.3

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.4, and Tables 3.18 and 3.20 in Part III. Statistics for coking coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Tables 3.9, 3.11, 3.18 and 3.20.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.17

Coking coal exports to Asia-Pacific are estimated to have increased 6.9% to 130.5 Mt in 2009. Within the region, Japan accounted for 47.0% of the market in 2008, and remains the world’s largest single market in 2009 for seaborne coking coal despite exports to Japan falling to 52.2 Mt (Table II.15). In 2009, the People’s Republic of China’s coking coal imports rose from 6.9 Mt to 34.7 Mt. As a consequence, Japan’s share of this coking coal import market fell to 40.0% Table II.15: Major coking coal importers [Mt] Japan PR of China India Korea Brazil Germany United Kingdom Turkey France Chinese Taipei Ukraine Italy Netherlands Belgium Slovak Republic Other

2008 57.4 6.9 21.1 24.1 10.4 9.3 6.3 6.1 7.2 4.8 7.2 6.1 4.3 3.0 2.6 31.1

2009e 52.2 34.7 23.5 20.6 8.9 6.4 5.2 4.7 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.4 21.8

Total(1)

207.9

199.1

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.4, and Tables 3.18 and 3.20 in Part III. Statistics for coking coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Tables 3.9, 3.11, 3.18 and 3.20.

Other major importers in the region were India (23.5 Mt), Korea (20.6 Mt) and Chinese Taipei (3.4 Mt). The major coking coal supplier to this regional market in 2009 was Australia, with nearly 63.7% of supply, followed by Indonesia, Canada, and the Russian Federation. Coking coal trade to the European market was 71.5 Mt in 2008, which dropped dramatically to 45.5 Mt in one year. This market fell from 27.3% of the world coking coal exports to 19.6%. Within the region, the major importers are Germany (6.4 Mt), the United Kingdom (5.2 Mt), Turkey (4.7 Mt),

France (3.6 Mt), the Ukraine (3.2 Mt), Italy (3.1 Mt), and the Netherlands (3.0 Mt). The main coking coal suppliers to this market in 2009 were the United States, Australia, the Czech Republic, Poland and the Russian Federation. These five countries accounted for 84.4% of the market. Within North America, coking coal trade is primarily between Canada and the United States. About 3.1 Mt of coking coal was traded in the region in 2009, down from 4.9 Mt in 2009. In 2009, Latin America had imports of 13.2 Mt of coking coal, 8.9 Mt of which went to Brazil. The main suppliers to this regional market are the United States, Australia and Canada.

Coke oven coke trade The OECD countries’ imports of coke oven coke more than halved between 2008 and 2009 as imports dropped from 18.9 Mt in 2008 (Table 3.13, Part III) to 9.1 Mt. Germany alone accounted for 34.8% of the OECD coke imports in 2009. Imports in the United States dropped by 90.4% from 3 269 kt to 315 kt. Coke exports from the OECD countries fell from 12.8 Mt in 2008 to 9.2 Mt in 2009, a decrease of 27.9% from the 2008 level (Table 3.22, Part III). Poland, the United States, Japan and the Czech Republic were the top exporters in 2009 accounting for 80.8% of OECD coke exports. Coke statistics for the non-OECD countries are not available for 2009. Although coke imports and exports both decreased slightly in 2008, the non-OECD countries, as a region, remained a net exporter with imports of 10.6 Mt and exports of 19.2 Mt in 2008. Within the non-OECD countries, the People’s Republic of China (12.2 Mt) and the Russian Federation (3.0 Mt) were the main exporters, while India (1.9 Mt), Brazil (1.9 Mt) and the Ukraine (1.2 Mt) were the main importers. On its own, the People’s Republic of China accounted for 38.1% of world coke exports.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.19

5. PRICES This section provides analyses of customs unit values and end-user prices reported by OECD Member countries: x Customs unit values are average values derived from customs’ administrations total volume and total value data. These data indicate broad price movements as they are averages of all qualities of coal without regard to the end-use of the coal or to the contract terms and conditions under which the trade occurs. x End-user prices are those paid by end-users in the power sector and in industry; and are reported by Member countries in a quarterly reporting system which the IEA’s Standing Group on Long Term Co-operation initiated in 1981. Data received are published in the IEA quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Unless otherwise stated, prices are reported in US dollars in the year specified (i.e. current US dollars). In addition to the official price statistics presented, coal price statistics published in the industry press are used to summarise short-term spot steam coal price trends. Although not “official” in that they are not provided by member countries, there is a high correlation between prices published by the industry press and national coal price statistics.

International steam coal prices Customs unit values Steam coal import unit values The estimated cost of steam coal imported by the OECD countries surged on the energy commodity price spike experienced, in particular by oil, to an average of USD 120.59/t in 2008, which showed an

unprecedented increase of 65.6% from the level of USD 72.84/t in 2007 (Table II.16). However, prices diminished by 19.3% in 2009 to USD 97.32/t, which despite the economic downturn and reduced demand, were still 33.6% higher than in 2007. The average cost of steam coal imported into Japan was USD 112.39/t, a decrease of 10.4% in 2009 from the average price level of USD 125.42/t in 2008, although this was a two-year increase of 58.5%. The cost of steam coal imported into the European Union averaged USD 99.74/t in 2009, 27.6% less than the average price of USD 137.79/t in 2008. This was after an increase of 67.6% in 2008 from the 2007 level of USD 82.21/t. Also of note, the rapidity of the rise and fall in prices in 2008 ensured yearly averages were well below intra year price highs experienced across spot markets. Table II.16: Steam coal: Import unit values CIF [USD/t] 2007 2008 2009

OECD 72.84 120.59 97.32

Japan 70.92 125.42 112.39

EU 82.21 137.79 99.74

Change 2007 to 2008 Change 2008 to 2009

65.6% -19.3%

76.8% -10.4%

67.6% -27.6%

Export unit values Export unit values reflect the price of coal at the point of exiting a producing country. Thus, the price includes the transportation cost of moving the coal from the producing mine to the point of exit. However, it excludes the international transportation cost. Export unit values summarised in the table below, and detailed in Table 4.5 in Part III and are “free on board” (FOB) for Australia, Colombia, Indonesia and INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

South Africa; and “free at shipside” (FAS) for the United States. The value in FOB countries includes the cost of loading at the port of exit, while it is excluded in the data for the United States. Table II.17: Steam Coal: Export unit values (FOB/FAS) [USD/t]

2007 2008 2009

Average to all markets Australia Indonesia Colombia South Africa FOB FOB FOB FOB 51.11 60.91 57.76 51.06 92.23 115.48 120.27 88.19 80.03 55.29 58.26 60.99

Change 07 to 08 08 to 09

80.4% -13.2%

89.6% -52.1%

108.2% -59.9%

72.7% -30.8%

US FAS 52.61 62.76 81.33 19.3% 29.6%

Average FOB export unit value (in US dollars) for Indonesia, Colombia and South Africa decreased dramatically in 2009 as the resource boom of 2008 ended (Table II.17). Demand for Australian coals, particularly semi-soft coking coals and coals suitable for PCI ensured Australian prices were slightly more robust, in conjunction with the majority of their exports entering the more robust Pacific market. The US FAS prices have increased in both 2008 and 2009, although higher prices in 2009 were combined with a decline in export quantities.

Comparison to oil import values In some OECD Member countries, steam coal competes directly with heavy fuel oil in the power generation sector, and increasingly natural gas. It is therefore appropriate to compare imported steam coal and other selected import energy commodity prices on a raw calorific basis (Figure II.1). It should be noted however, that natural gas plants in particular tend to have higher efficiencies (more saleable power generated per unit of input energy). In 2009, the average import cost of steam coal remained steady for the last three quarters of the year after a decrease from 2008 prices in the 1st quarter of 2009 and the last quarter of 2008. Until then, 2008 prices had increased by two thirds on a quarter by quarter comparison with 2007. In comparison, the average import cost of crude oil increased by 45.5% with a third quarter 2008 average cost of USD 592/tce. The Rotterdam average spot price of heavy fuel oil (3.5% sulphur) was 44% higher across 2008 at USD 329/tce compared to USD 234/tce average in 2007. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Comparison of import and export unit values Figure II.2 summarises long term trends for Japanese and European Union import unit values and Australian, Colombian, and South African export unit values. The intent is to show the average difference between export and import values for three major coal exporters and two major coal importing entities. The difference theoretically relates to average international transport costs. The chart illustrates that import values and export values tend to fluctuate in tandem—suggesting that, over the long run, international transportation rates remain relatively constant, with the exception noticed at the very end of 2008, where differences were roughly double what they were only two years earlier in 2006. It also shows the sharp increase in FOB unit values from major exporters, along with corresponding rises in CIF import values in the key Japanese and EU markets, beginning in the late summer of 2003. Regional variations of import values are influenced by seaborne transportation rates as well as differences in underlying coal qualities and costs.

Spot steam coal prices Figure II.3 and Figure II.4 summarise movements in average monthly spot coal prices in two coalconsuming regions and two coal-producing countries. Price statistics are estimated by The McCloskey Group and published in McCloskey’s Coal Report on a weekly basis. The estimates are based upon surveys of actual spot transactions in the importing and exporting regions. Though there are not official IEA statistics, these prices are shown here to illustrate short-term and more recent steam coal price movements. The trend illustrated by Figure II.3 indicates a surge in CIF (imported) steam coal prices, beginning in late 2003 and culminating in July 2004. After that date, prices gradually declined to reach 2003 year’s end levels by the end of 2005. Since then, they dramatically increased to reach a new record peak in July 2008, when CIF prices for Northwset Europe and Asia were 172% and 128% higher compared to their respective values a year earlier, and 304% and 241% higher than values in January 2006. Also apparent from Figure II.3 is the divergence of the Atlantic and Pacific pricing since early 2009 as emerging and established economies reacted differently and according to their needs in the financial crisis.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.21

This is the first time that the Asian index has been higher than the Northwest Europe marker either for a significant period or by a significant margin. The lower price periods between 2002 and the present follow a fairly straight line, during which time they have increased by USD 40 to USD 50 per tonne. These three periods from 2002 to 2004, then 2006 to 2008, and finally 2009, if viewed as a baseline, show two distinct peaks in 2004 to 2006, and then 2008, and interestingly suggests that prices in 2010 are once again rallying. This trend, while matching prices from other fuels (as shown in Figure II.1) may also indicate psychological thresholds for pricing. Whether the recent prices in 2010 are still subject to this pattern of behaviour depends largely upon the economies and rising consumption needs of the People’s Republic of China and India, and the ability of Australia and Indonesia in particular to meet burgeoning demand.

International coking coal prices Customs unit values In Japan, average customs unit values for coking coal import prices increased by 7.8% in 2009 despite the financial crisis, and followed on from the massive 108.2% increase where average coking coal prices more than doubled in 2008 (Table II.18).

Table II.18: Coking coal: Import unit values (CIF) [USD/t] 2007 2008 2009 Change 2007 to 2008 Change 2008 to 2009

Japan 88.43 184.13 198.40

EU 125.73 197.84 187.29

108.2% 7.8%

57.4% -5.3%

In the EU, the average customs unit values decreased slightly in 2008 by 5.3%, from USD 197.84/t to USD 187.29/t after a 57.4% increase from 2007 prices. In 2009, coking coal export unit values decreased from record highs for Australia and the United States by 26.2% and 12.5%, respectively (Table II.19). Prices in Australia remained 71.0% higher than in 2007 at USD 143.83/t and in the United States, USD 129.77/t was 32.3% higher than 2007 prices. Table II.19: Coking coal: Export unit values (FOB/FAS) [USD/t] 2007 2008 2009 Change 2007 to 2008 Change 2008 to 2009

Australia 84.16 194.87 143.83

US 98.10 148.39 129.77

131.6% -26.2%

51.3% -12.5%

Coking coal CIF prices incorporate fluctuations in shipping rates.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

Figure II.1: OECD international trade values for steam coal and oil (USD/tce) 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Crude oil (IEA CIF import cost)

Steam coal (OECD CIF import cost)

Natural gas (pipeline)

Liquified natural gas (LNG)

Heavy fuel oil (Spot Rotterdam)

Notes: Spot prices for heavy fuel oil are not directly comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. They are, however, closely correlated with average CIF crude oil prices, which are, by definition comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. As a consequence, it is not unreasonable to compare customs unit values for steam coal with spot prices of heavy fuel oil. Steam coal and crude oil are IEA average and CIF import values. Steam coal excludes intra-EU trade. Heavy fuel oil is Rotterdam spot market value, 3.5% sulphur. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

Figure II.2: Steam coal import and export value comparison (USD/t) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Japan CIF

EU Member States CIF

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Australia FOB

South Africa FOB

Colombia FOB

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.23

Figure II.3: Delivered steam coal prices in Europe and Asia (USD/t CIF) 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0

McCloskey Northwest Europe CIF

McCloskey Asian CIF

Source: The McCloskey Group, McCloskey’s Coal Report

Figure II.4: FOB port steam coal prices in South Africa and Australia (USD/t FOB) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

South Africa (Richards Bay)

Australia (Newcastle)

Source: The McCloskey Group, McCloskey’s Coal Report

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.25

6. CO2 EMISSIONS (2007) World CO2 emissions from fossil fuels increased by 105.5% between 1971 and 2007, going from 14.1 Gt in 1971 to 21.0 Gt in 1990 and 29.0 Gt in 2007. Over the same period, coal-related emissions increased by 135.1% from 5.2 Gt in 1971 to 8.3 Gt in 1990 and 12.2 Gt in 2007 - by then accounting for 42.2% of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels (Figure II.5). Coal, since 2004, is the leading source of world CO2 emissions ahead of oil and natural gas. Since 2002, CO2 emissions from coal have grown by 6.1% per year (or 630 Mt/y), over 75% of which has come from rapid growth in the People’s Republic of China. Figure II.5: World CO2 emissions by fuel

of the formerly centrally-planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe, which led to a rapid decline in output from inefficient industrial sectors and restructuring of these economies. Other important factors include the use of more efficient technologies, fuel switching and renewable energy sources. Rapid expansion of non-OECD economies since 2000 ensured emissions increased on average by 5.5% between 2000 and 2007, with coal emissions increasing by 6.1% per annum over this period. Also of note, analysis of this period precedes the commodities boom, and the subsequent global economic downturn, during which coal use continued to grow. Figure II.6. Global change in CO2 emissions (2006-2007)

15

800

Gt CO2

10

700 600 5

Mt CO2

500

0

400 300 200 100

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

In 2007, the growth in global coal emissions was larger than the combined growth in natural gas and oil combined. Coal emissions increased by 534.7 Mt, while gas emissions grew by 261.6 Mt and those from oil grew by 135.5 Mt globally (Figure II.6). OECD countries contributed 14.5% of global growth in 2007, with the remaining 85.5% of growth in emissions coming from non-OECD sources. The annual growth in the emissions from fossil fuels averaged 2.1% between 1971 and 1990 while it averaged 1.0% between 1990 and 1999. This lower pace of growth after 1990 is in part related to the collapse

0 -100 Coal

Oil OECD

Gas

Other

Total

Non-OECD

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Coal-related emissions in the non-OECD countries became responsible for the majority of coal-related emissions from 1992 onward. The non-OECD countries more than tripled their coal-related emissions from 2.1 Gt in 1971 to 7.8 Gt in 2007, whereas the increase in the OECD was 42.6% from 3.1 Gt in 1971 to 4.5 Gt in 2007. OECD emissions from fossil fuels increased from 9.3 Gt in 1971 to 11.1 Gt in 1990 and 13.0 Gt in 2007, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

which represents an average annual growth rate of 0.9% between 1971 and 2007. As a result, the share for the OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions declined from 66% in 1971 to 53% in 1990 and 45% in 2007 (Figure II.7). This occurred as the share of the non-OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions rose from 30% in 1971 to 44% in 1990 and 52% in 2007.

Figure II.8. The growing importance of the BRICS countries 16

14

Annex I

Annex I

12

Other NonAnnex I

Gt CO2

Figure II.7: World CO2 emissions by region 30

10

8

25

Other Annex I

4

30% 4% 66%

3% 3% 53%

India

2

South Africa

Russian China Bunkers Fed.

45%

China

Brazil

44%

0

Bunkers

Russian Fed.

1990

2007

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

0 1971 OECD

1990 Bunkers

2007 Non OECD

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

One of the most important recent developments in the world economy is the increasing economic integration of large OECD non-member countries, in particular Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, the People’s Republic of China and South Africa, the socalled BRICS countries. Already, the BRICS represent over one-fourth of world GDP, up from 18% in 1990. In 2007, these five countries represented 30% of global energy use and 33% of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (Figure II.8). These shares are likely to rise further in coming years if the ongoing strong economic performance currently enjoyed by most of these countries continues, as many commentators expect. In fact, the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation and India are already three of the four countries that emit the most CO2 emissions in absolute terms. CO2 emissions have been clearly linked to economic growth as shown in the example of China, where strongly increasing electricity production is the main driver for record high CO2 emissions. Coal consumption for electricity generation more than doubled in China between 2001 and 2007. The impact of this is visible in Figure II.9 where OECD coal-related CO2 emissions increase from 4.1 Gt in 1990 to 4.5 Gt in 2007, however the relative share decreases from 49% to 37% as non-OECD coal-related emissions increase from 4.2 Gt to 7.8 Gt in the same period. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Annex I countries are: OECD nations (with the exception of Chile, Mexico and Korea), the European Union (with the exception of Cyprus and Malta), Belarus, Croatia, Leichtenstein, Monaco, the Russian Federation and the Ukraine.

Figure II.9: Coal-related CO2 emissions by region 12 10 63%

8

Gt CO2

Gt CO2

India

Other NonAnnex I

52%

15

5

Brazil South Africa

Other Annex I

NonAnnex I

6

20

10

NonAnnex I

51%

6 4 2

40%

60%

49%

37%

1990

2007

0 1971 OECD

Non OECD

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

World CO2 emissions have also been influenced by changes in international energy prices. Oil had been the largest contributor to world emissions until 2003, even though the upward trend was interrupted by the oil shocks of 1974 and 1979. Even after the decline in oil prices after 1985, growth in emissions was mitigated because consuming countries adopted more energy-efficient technologies and behaviour, and some fuel switching. Oil, as the main contributor to OECD emissions, generated 42.3% of the CO2 emissions in 2007 down from 43.3% in 2006, as natural gas

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.27

consumption continued to increase (Figure II.10). As the OECD countries started diversifying their energy consumption after the two oil shocks, the share of oil in the CO2 emissions gradually declined and fell below the 50% line in 1980. Figure II.10: OECD CO2 emissions by fuel 60% 50% 40% 30%

to manufacturing industries and construction increased by 75%, from 1.6 Gt in 1971 to 2.8 Gt in 2007. Emissions due to the other sectors (including transport) were almost cut by half between 1971 and 2007, falling from 1.2 Gt in 1971 to 0.7 Gt in 2007. As a result, the electricity and heat generation share of world coal-related CO2 emissions increased from 46% in 1971 to 71% in 2007. On the other hand, the share of CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction fell from 31% in 1971 to 23% in 2007 despite the 75% increase in emissions. The decline in the share of other emissions was stronger, falling from 23% to 6% over the period.

20%

Figure II.11: World coal-related CO2 emissions by sector

10% 14

0%

Oil

Natural gas

Other

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Within the OECD, coal is the second largest source of CO2 emissions. Between 1971 and 1985, coal was used as the main substitute for oil and its share of emissions increased, especially between 1978 and 1985, from its lowest point (31%) to its highest point (39%). After 1985, the share of emissions from coal declined regularly and by 1994 essentially returned to its 1971 level (34%). World coal-related CO2 emissions due to electricity and heat generation more than tripled between 1971 and 2007, from 2.4 Gt in 1971 to 8.7 Gt in 2007 (Figure II.11). During the same period, emissions due

Gt CO2

Coal

12

6%

10

23%

8

14%

6

27%

4

23%

71%

31% 59%

2 46% 0 1971

1990

2007

Electricity and heat production Manuf acturing industries and construction Other*

* Other includes residential, transport, commercial/public services, agriculture, other energy industries and non-specified other sectors. Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

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COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.29

7. COAL UPGRADING Selected condensed excerpts from a report by Dr Stianeth Nunes of the IEA Clean Coal Centre.

x reduction in the amounts of various trace elements present in most cases; and

CCC#156, October 2009. ISBN 978-92-9029-476-4

x more consistent coal quality.

Copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre

Of note is the fact that forms of quality control are already in use in international markets, and their application could be broadened and applied to national markets.

The IEA Clean Coal Centre is based in London and is a non-profit organisation operating under the IEA Framework for International Energy Technology Cooperation. The full report is available at: http://bookshop.iea-coal.org/reports/ccc-156/82234

Introduction Coal upgrading technologies cover a wide range of processes that can be applied to improve the quality of coal to meet market requirements. These can include raw coal pre-treatment, crushing and sizing, and cleaning or beneficiation. Coal upgrading is used to produce a saleable product and add economic value to run-of-mine (rom) coal. More recently, it has been recognised that coal upgrading can also bring considerable environmental benefits. These include reduced emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulates, through the supply of cleaner coal of consistent quality to downstream coal utilisation processes.

Upgrading coals The overall benefits of upgrading coal include: x lower ash and/or moisture content in the coal; x raised heating values; x reduced transport volumes (and hence cost); x reduced sulphur content (in many cases);

Coal washing As much as 60% of rom output from a modern mine may be reject material. Pyrites may need to be removed to reduce the sulphur content in order to comply with air pollution requirements. Furthermore, contractual agreements may require a maximum level of ash content to reduce inert or adversely reactive material in the feedstock. Most preliminary treatment facilities are constructed near the coal production sites as waste removed from the rom coal is more readily disposed of at the site of the mine. The site of use may also be located close to populated areas. Bituminous coals and anthracite, which account for two-thirds of the world’s coal production can be upgraded. Of this, a third is currently washed. Among the largest producing countries, most coals from the USA, Australia and South Africa are already washed and cleaned close to the economic limit. There is potential in the People’s Republic of China, India, the Russian Federation and some other countries that process smaller amounts to increase the use of coal treatments. The use of clean coal reduces environmental pollution, with reduced emissions of CO2, sulphur and particulates. Cleaning the feed coal reduces the costs of investing in flue gas cleaning facilities. For example, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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a study in Germany found that the investment required for cleaning coal to reduce SOx emissions was one tenth that of installing flue gas desulphurisation (Jung and others, 2002). In the case of washed coal technologies, it is necessary to consider the processing of recovered solids. This is essential in order to meet strict environmental standards. Thermal efficiency is increased by using coal that has been beneficiated. Older coal-fired power stations in the People’s Republic of China and India have thermal efficiencies in the range of 27–29%. By contrast, new power plants using clean coal can achieve a thermal efficiency as high as 45%. Lower capital and operating costs are a significant benefit of using cleaner coal for power plants. The actual kilowatt-hours generated can be 10% higher and operating costs 2% lower when using cleaned coal over rom coal. Additionally, it has been claimed that there is a proportional decrease of up to 8% in overall operating costs for every 10% decrease in the ash of the feed coal. For a newly built 1000 MW coalfired power station, the saving achieved by using clean coal could be USD 120 million.

Drying low rank coals The key aim in upgrading coal through drying is to increase efficiency, which is expected to be accompanied by lower emissions. The drying methods can be placed into different categories, although there are others that have not been considered in detail here due to their lack of commercial development. Prototype technology, using waste heat to remove moisture from coal has the potential to increase plant performance and reduce air emissions.

Drycol The Drycol process uses electromagnetic radiation of microwave wavelengths. The process uses 100 kW magnetrons generators that have been in use for some time for the drying of woodchips, food and textiles. Thus the Drycol process uses existing technology which is already used in other industries and is aimed at drying the fine coal fraction. The fine coal is conveyed through a drying chamber in which microwaves heat and dry the coal. The microwaves heat the coal uniformly to not more than 90°C, rapidly evaporating the moisture from the coal. This process does not alter the coking qualities of the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

coal, and also avoids oxidation and combustion. The fine coal is subsequently mixed with larger grade coal. In order to produce a final aggregate with defined moisture content, the water content of the fine coal is carefully controlled. There are a range of benefits to the Drycol process. For example, it does not use water, which makes it a suitable alternative in locations where the supply of water is an issue. A range of impurities can be lessened, with benefits for steel producers. Sulphur content is reduced, so that SOx emissions are in turn lowered. Alkali content, namely potassium, is lower so coke usage by steel makers may be reduced. Phosphorous content is reduced; reducing downstream removal. This reduces costs and introduces the potential to use raw materials with higher phosphorous content including cheaper coke blends and use of higher phosphorous iron ores. The drying of coal can be performed during off-peak hours, minimising electricity costs.

Fluidised bed drying with internal waste heat utilisation Internal waste heat utilisation or WTA (Wirbelschicht-Trocknung mit interner Abwärmenutzung) technology has been developed by RWE Rheinbraun in Germany. Two variants have been investigated: the closed cycle and the open cycle concepts. An efficiency increase of more than 4 percentage points is promised, depending on the moisture of the raw lignite. It is encouraging that investment costs are not expected to increase compared with conventional lignite-fired power plant (Stamatelopoulos, 2007). The open cycle concept was chosen to be implemented in the first WTA prototype and has been integrated in the Niederaussem power plant in Germany. The lignite-fired, conventional boiler technology of 1000 MWe Neideraussem Unit K power plant (owned by RWE Power), is an ultra-supercritical PCC installation with an efficiency of more than 43% (LHV). The unit was commissioned in 2002. There are two further units, based on the same technology, under construction at Neurath, consisting of 1100 MWe capacity. These are due to be in commercial operation in 2010 (Elsen and Fleischmann, 2008). The National Technical University of Athens has carried out a study on the effects of drying Greek lignites. The study investigated the influence of the predrying (WTA) technology on the performance of a

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power plant fired with low quality lignite at ultrasupercritical steam parameters (Kakaras and others, 2006). The analysis shows that the expected efficiency of a 700°C power plant burning low rank coal, such as Greek lignite, is up to 42% when using a conventional lignite drying system, and up to 50% in the case of using a pre-drying system based on the WTA technology. In comparison to the current, state-of-theart efficiency value of 36% for a Greek power plant, the calculated feasible increase of 6–14 percentage points indicates the potential of the ultra-supercritical plant, with the WTA pre-drying.

Mechanical-thermal dewatering process Mechanical-thermal dewatering (German abbreviation: MTE, Mechanisch-Thermische Entwässerung,) was developed at the University of Dortmund as an energy efficient process to reduce the water content of lignite prior to combustion. The MTE is a combination of thermal and mechanical moisture extraction. The raw coal is slightly pre-pressurised by a press stamp and then hot water is distributed evenly on its surface by sprinklers. Saturated steam is introduced into the chamber and the hot water flows through the coal releasing nearly all its heat content. The coal temperature rises to 150–180°C. Water pressed from the coal leaves the chamber at around ambient temperature. The process is repeated, using pressures up to 6 MPa.

Integrated drying gasification combined cycle The Integrated Drying Gasification Combined Cycle (IDGCC) uses the hot gas from an air-blown fluid bed gasifier to pre-dry the coal under pressure and hence cool the gas, before filtering out entrained particles and burning the gas in the gas turbine cycle. Increased generation is achieved in the gas turbine by the additional mass flow of the evaporated moisture passing through the turbine. Substantial capital cost savings result from the integrated high pressure drying. The advantages of IDGCC include: x particularly suited to reactive, wet coals which are generally low value; x substantially lower and stable fuel costs – brown coal is only used minemouth unlike black coal which is tradeable and has fluctuating prices; x significant reduction in CO2 of around 30% compared to the current best Latrobe Valley boiler plant;

x efficiency at around 40% higher heating value (HHV) (from gas turbine/steam turbine) compared with 33% for supercritical boiler plant; x savings on water – IDGCC uses only 50% of usual cooling water levels of boiler plant; and x suitable for pre-combustion CO2 capture for near zero emissions in future.

Lignite fuel enhancement system Lignite Fuel Enhancement System (LFES), is being tested as a prototype dryer technology. The coal dryer operates continuously and uses waste heat to remove moisture from coal. Typically, about 45% of the fuel heat generated by a conventional pulverised coal fired power plant is lost in the condenser, another 20% exits the stack. The LFES exploits this heat, which otherwise has little use because of its low quality.

Dry separation technologies Dry coal processing has a number of advantages over wet coal processing. As no water is used, no moisture is introduced into the product stream by the process. Furthermore, dry beneficiation does not involve the expense of buying water, especially important in regions where water is scarce. However, dry processing is relevant when only limited improvement of coal is required. It can also be used as an adjunct to wet processing to improve the efficiency of the latter. The dry separation of coal can be achieved by a number of means. Methods include separation by the use of friction, magnetic properties, electrostatic separation, microwave separation, pneumatic oscillating tables, air jigging, air dense medium fluidisation and bed beneficiation. The factors that affect the choice of method include the density, size, and shape of the feedstock coal. In addition, the magnetic conductivity, electrical conductivity, radioactivity and coefficient frictional properties need to be considered. Two processes that have been commercialised are pneumatic beneficiation (oscillating table and air jig) and air dense medium fluidised bed (ADMFB) beneficiation. Losses from discarding top and bottom cleanings, which can total more than 10%, can be reduced by using air jigs to recover the lost coal, increasing the turnover and extending the effective life of the mine. Modern air jigs expand the envelope of dry coal processing and improvements to the technology have been made over the last 10 years. This means that it is now INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

economic to process what would have previously been discarded coal. Furthermore, the removal of sulphur and ash prior to burning has a number of other advantages. The heat value of the coal is increased, reducing coal consumption and any requirement for costly sulphur-scrubbing technology is reduced.

Ultra-clean coal processes A number of developments have occurred in the field of clean coal technology. This section describes three processes that are at, or near commercial realisation to allow the direct combustion of coal in a gas turbine for power generation. These fuels increase the power output, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Most of the mineral matter (ash) in coal must be removed before it is injected into the gas turbine for this type of system to run successfully, which means that it is unnecessary to treat combustion gases. Likewise, erosion of the gas turbine blades is reduced if the mineral matter is removed prior to combustion.

CENfuel process CENfuel™ is a pure coal produced by acid treatment, which removes ash and heavy metals. The separated impurities can be marketed. The product can be used as a clean fuel for boilers and to reduce mercury emissions from conventional power plants. CENfuel™ is also an excellent fuel source for direct firing and in carbon-based fuel cells. Twenty-five years of laboratory and pilot testing have been performed with more than 100 000 t of CENfuel™ produced in Europe, Asia and the USA. A demonstration plant is in operation in West Virginia, USA, which was built on a reclaimed surface mine. This plant has reduced ash content from 25.38% to 0.59%. The energy yield is also increased from 25 MJ/kg for the raw coal to 35 MJ/kg for CENfuel™ on an HHV basis (Freeman, 2003). The emissions are comparable to those of natural gas, with CO2 SOx, fluorine and NOx emissions all low. Other pollutants that are not yet covered by legislation are also reduced, providing a degree of protection for the future. The process involves milling the raw coal down to a size of 2 mm or less. Inorganic impurities, such as silica, aluminium and heavy metals are removed with fluorine-based acids. The acids are recycled reducing operating costs. The acid treatment is carried out at INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

low temperature and pressure, which allows for the use of low cost plastics. This also reduces the risk associated with scaling up the process for larger operations. The high grade silica obtained can be used in glass making and ceramics. Carbon obtained can be used as activated carbon and graphite, which may be utilised in aluminium processing. In addition, processing removes abrasive impurities allowing the particle size to be reduced further with relative ease in order to suit any required application. For example, the CENfuel™ product can be “micronized” to micron-sized particles. Raw coal with up to 40% ash can be converted into pure carbonaceous material, with as little as 0.1–0.7% ash (Freeman, 2003).

Hypercoal process Hypercoal has reduced ash and alkali contents. The raw coal is treated with organic solvent, which is flashed-off and recycled. Insoluble minerals and undissolved coal form a high ash by-product coal, which can be used in conventional pulverised fuel plants. The by-product coal typically contains about 30% ash. The yield achieved is approximately 80% of the feedstock on a dry ash basis. Most alkalis are removed, which is important for gas turbine usage. The Hypercoal process can utilise most types of bituminous and sub-bituminous coals, although the latter have lower yields.

UCC process Ultra-clean coals (UCC) are coals with a low ash content. UCC can be produced by a chemical leaching process. This works as a series of steps that converts the minerals to soluble forms and then removes them, to a point where the total ash content is less than 0.2%. The dissolved minerals are then precipitated predominantly as calcium sulphate and calcium aluminium silicates for safe disposal or utilisation in other industries, such as building materials and ceramics (UCC Energy, 2008). UCC, although based on coal, is not a substitute for conventional coal in conventional power generation. Its major application is in areas where conventional coal cannot be used. It is an alternative for heavy fuel oil and natural gas. UCC is cost competitive with these fuels on an equal energy basis. The UCC process is suited to most hard coals and is therefore of strategic importance to developing countries with indigenous coal supplies, but limited in other energy resources. Additionally, the process will be of interest to other major coal producing countries.

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.33

Although the major application of the UCC product is as a fuel, it can also be used as a clean carbon source for metallurgical processes – for instance, in carbon anodes for aluminium production. Mineral byproducts from the process may also have industrial application, although little work has been done in this area to date (ACA, 2008b). The advantages of UCC include: x reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 20–30% from the generator when compared to a modern conventional PC fired power plant and 10–20% on a complete lifecycle basis; x provision of a coal-based generating system that achieves high efficiency power generation from smaller gas turbine combined cycle units which can be located remotely or used in a distributed energy configuration; and x a system where the UCC fuel can be produced in large plants close to the mines, where the fuel can be stockpiled so that any disruptions to fuel production do not disrupt the generator (unlike IGCC where the gasifier and turbine are closely linked) and where the cost of the fuel is based on the relatively low and stable price of coal. As UCC is a high purity chemically-cleaned coal with low ash content, it can be fired directly into gas turbines for high efficiency power generation in combined cycle plants. UCC can achieve 50–55% efficiency, while most coal-fired power plants in, for example, Australia have 33–35% efficiency and the newest stations may operate with 40% efficiency. Since gas turbines can be located close to the site of electricity use, efficiency is further increased (UCC Energy, 2008). White Mining Ltd has a pilot programme with CSIRO Energy Technology that has been designed to achieve UCC production rates of up to 350 kg/h, running in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. This pilot has produced UCC for assessment for turbines in Japan. The process uses alkali/acid digestion, with moderate temperature and pressure to dissolve the minerals out of the coal without the loss of coal properties. The University of Nottingham in the UK is conducting research funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) has been found to be effective. Stoichiometric quantities of HF can be used, because it can be regenerated, thus reducing costs. The processing can be performed in a water and ethanol mix (Steel, 2007).

Briquetting and pelletising Both industrial and domestic briquetting and pelletising are useful forms of coal upgrading. They provide fuel that can be varied in size for domestic use, for small boilers and for industrial purposes. Briquetting has also been used for providing fuel to moving bed gasifiers. Briquetting and pelletising have a number of key advantages, including decreased emissions when burned and suitability for transport if required. Weaker briquettes may be produced if used on-site. Furthermore, coal can be upgraded, either using low rank coal or coal fines as a cost effective feedstock. Briquetting may be performed without a binder if the feedstock allows agglomeration in the absence of a binder. Alternatively, a binder can be used, but this increases the cost significantly as binders are one of the more expensive components of briquetting.

Research and development of low rank coal Low rank coal (LRC) covers lignites and subbituminous coals. They constitute over half of global coal reserves. They are often cheaper to mine, as many deposits are found in thick seams with relatively shallow overburden cover. However, LRCs lack a market position due to their low energy density and high moisture content and their difficulty in handling because of their self-heating propensity. In the past this has constrained their utilisation to localised areas requiring only short-haul transportation. However, the expansion of coal markets, notably in Asia, is expected to stimulate mining of LRC, particularly those with relatively low sulphur and ash contents. The quality of LRC varies according to the ash and moisture content which determine the net specific energy of the coal (Figure II.12). Indonesian LRC, for example, has a comparatively low moisture content, of 25–28%, and a relatively low ash content, usually below 7%. The specific energy range is 10–20 MJ/kg. LRCs are highly reactive in combustion, gasification, liquefaction and other chemical processes. The upgrading of LRCs would reduce the water content and reactivity, facilitating their transport and storage. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

Figure II.12 Comparison of quality of LRC’s (Allardice, 2000)

utilising low pressures and low temperatures, generally resulting in lower costs. However, there are several issues with group B technologies. High energy consumption due to the latent heat of evaporation and phase transitions require high energy inputs, and large heat exchange equipment. Furthermore, the greater likelihood of spontaneous combustion under storage conditions requires additional safety measures. The upgraded brown coal (UBC) process of group B is thought to overcome many of these problems.

Processes in Indonesia Indonesia has an abundance of LRCs, but their moisture content make them difficult to utilise. A number of projects have been undertaken and some of these are heading towards commercial-scale production. These developments include: Kobe Steel Ltd has been developing UBC since 1993. The approach taken is to use slurry dewatering as used in coal liquefaction. This is a five-step process using light oil to remove water from brown coal: x pulverisation of the LRC raw material; The technologies for upgrading LRC are presented in a classification scheme based on whether the technology is reactive or evaporative. A detailed examination of these categories may be achieved by considering pressure (kPa) and temperature (°C) (Figure II.13). The pressure boundary line represents the saturated vapour pressure of water and thus separates evaporative and non-evaporative processes. The temperature boundary at 200°C divides reactive and non-reactive processes. Virtually all LRC undergo pyrolysis at 200°C and above. Figure II.13 Process condition map of LRC upgrading (Sugita and others, 2005)

x the pulverised coal is mixed with recycled oil, typically petroleum light oil and heavy oil to produce a slurry; x the slurry is heated in an evaporator; x oil is recovered by decanting; and x the upgraded coal is briquetted for transport. Typically LRC have highly porous structures which carry high water contents. In slurry dewatering, the water is removed from the pores and is replaced by heavy oil. This increases the heating value of the coal product and has the added benefit of providing hydrophobic behaviour. Meanwhile White Energy is constructing a 1 Mt/y plant in Tabang, in eastern Kalimantan (Indonesia) as part of a joint venture with P T Bayan International Pte Ltd. The process to be used involves crushing the coal, drying and then briquetting. The reduction in moisture content with this process is significant, from 25–55% down to 6–8% resulting in a stable product that has increased energy density. Gross calorific values increased from 17–20 MJ/kg to 24–25 MJ/kg. The low sulphur and ash content of the original raw material is maintained and represents an economic and environmental asset. The brown coal briquetting process claims a number of key benefits:

Of the four categories of upgrading technologies in Figure II.13 (A-D), group B subsumes processes INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

x higher energy content, which increases heat and the useable energy content, by 30–200%, creating valuable power generation efficiencies;

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.35

x mechanical process, which is designed to work at the coal mine site, in place of a complex chemical process; x significantly reduced levels of dust compared to unprocessed sub-bituminous coal; x low upgrading costs provide favourable conversion economics so that the product is competitive with bituminous coals; x lower spontaneous combustion risks due to the increased physical and chemical stability of the upgraded coal, allows easier handling, storage and transport; x lower transport costs due to the removal of moisture, resulting in up to a 30% decrease in load weight; and x reduced emissions, as more efficient burning results in lower CO2, SOx, NOx and Hg emissions. Evergreen Energy and the Sumitomo Corporation have investigated the viability of a 1.5 Mt/y K-fuel refinery in Kalimantan. The process uses high temperature and pressure, making the lignite raw material pliable (Jacobsen, 2008). This leads to the pores

within the coal particle collapsing, forcing out the water, thus reducing the moisture content by up to 64%. The process increases the heating value by up to 52%, from 15 MJ/kg to 23 MJ/kg. The mercury content is reduced by up to 56%. Other emissions are also reduced. During the process some of the tar is forced to the surface which it coats and prevents the reabsorption of water. Furthermore, the K-fuel process is cheaper than the installation cost of postcombustion pollution control measures or other alternatives for the control of pollution to a similar degree. However, K-fuel burns at a higher temperature and as a result increased NOx emissions are a potential downside, which may require low NOx burners to be utilised (NEC, 2007). South Korea and Indonesia Energy signed a deal in 2007 which has a value of USD 8.5 billion, covering coal, LNG and oil supply. Investment is also being made in a coal liquefaction scheme in eastern Kalimantan. The four companies involved are PT Nuansa Cipta Coal Investment of Indonesia and Posco Engineering, Kenertec and Samsung Securities, from South Korea.

Figure II.14 Flow diagram for an improved brown coal liquefaction process (Silalahi and others, 2005)

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II.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

The scheme will eventually produce 100 000 barrels per day (bbl/d) of liquefied coal, equivalent to a tenth of Indonesian oil production in 2007 (BP, 2008). The scheme will be implemented in two phases. The initial aim is for 30 000 bbl/d production by 2010 from an investment of USD 2 billion. The second stage will involve 70 000 bbl/d of production, requiring an additional investment of USD 3.5 billion. This scheme will be supported by a USD 2 billion rail infrastructure project in eastern Kalimantan. By exposing coal to a hydrogen-rich environment at high temperature and pressure, coal can be converted into synthetic fuels. The principle aim is the production of a synthetic oil substitute which can be used for transport, power generation and in the chemical industry. Currently, coal liquefaction is an expensive process, but may become more competitive, depending on oil production volume and costs. The brown coal liquefaction (BCL) process, shown in Figure II.14, is a single stage process but consists of four operations. The first stage is an effective and efficient slurry dewatering process, where the recovered steam is used to preheat the slurry. Secondly, high oil yield is achieved by using a dispersed limonite catalyst in the hydro-liquefaction unit. Thirdly, a high quality of product oil is achieved, having low sulphur and nitrogen content, by using an inline hydrotreatment unit installed downstream of the hydroliquefaction unit. Finally, the oil yield is increased by recycling the de-ashed oil into the liquefaction reactor, facilitating further decomposition of the heavy fraction. The BCL process is thought to be one of the best direct liquefaction processes developed in Indonesia for low rank coals (Silalahi and others, 2005).

coal. Moisture content is reduced to 1% from an initial 25–55%, which provides a concomitant increase in heating value up to 28 MJ/kg, an improvement from 12–21 MJ/kg of the feedstock. Additionally, the sulphur content is decreased to 0.3% from an initial 0.5–1.5% (Sheldon, 2006). The two main issues with Syncoal are the levels of dust produced and the tendency of the product to undergo spontaneous combustion which indicates that on-site use may be preferred. Convert Coal Inc (CCI) have developed a novel coal-to-liquid (CTL) pyrolytic process. This converts LRC containing 30–35% volatile matter into two products: syncrude and a low emission coal-char-fuel. In the case of the former product, the CTL process produces coal tar oil (CTO) as an intermediate product, which in turn is hydrotreated to produce syncrude. The syncrude product can be used as the raw material in petroleum refining. On the other hand, the low emission coal-char-fuel can be used in power plants. The emissions associated with this stream are sufficiently low to meet the requirements of the Clean Air Interstate Regulations, which come into effect in 2010 in the USA (Skov, 2007). Conventional unit operations and equipment are integrated within the process which is implemented as a continuous flow design. In addition, the process has been optimised to improve product yield, energy efficiency and operability, yet capital costs are also reduced. The design involves three main processes which are: coal drying, pyrolysis and CTO recovery. Downstream processes include the clean-up of water and pyrolysis gas, CTO fractionation, hydrotreating to produce syncrude, hydrogen production and cogeneration of steam and electricity. There are a number of key benefits to the CCI CTL process:

South Korea is keen to invest in Indonesia, since there have been delays in the supply of coal to South Korea from the People’s Republic of China and Australia. South Korean firms will supply half of Indonesia’s coal by 2016, which has important implications for Indonesia since its own oil is diminishing. However, the expertise and experience gained will be invaluable for Indonesia which aims to increase the role of coal liquefaction to 2% of primary energy consumption by 2050 (MEMR, 2008).

x heat rate improvement due to fuel heating value increase;

Processes in the USA

x coal moisture recapture means less water is required;

Western Syncoal LLC, the advanced coal conversion process demonstration (ACCPD) has been described by Couch (2002). The Syncoal process upgrades LRC by a combination of thermal processing and physical cleaning. ACCPD produces high quality Syncoal from low rank Western coal, such as Powder River Basin INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

x reduced emissions of SO2, NOx and Hg;

x reduced CO2 emissions due to heat-rate decrease; x decreased auxiliary power due to lower combustion air flow, feed coal weight, etc;

x reduced water content results in a reduced stack plume; and x increased feed coal flexibility to use LRC as fuel. Evergreen Energy (mentioned above), formerly KFx Inc, have had a strategic alliance with Sasol-Lurgi of

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.37

Germany since 2003. In June 2004 KFx Inc announced the initial upgrade of a plant at the Powder River Basin (PRB), near Gillette, Wyoming which was completed in November 2005. This upgrade allowed for the production of 750,000 t/y of K-fuel utilising coal from nearby mines. Meanwhile FMI Cowboy Coal are using a fluidised bed reactor to upgrade LRC, mainly sub-bituminous coal from the Powder River Basin. The upgraded product has reduced moisture content and increased heating value, improved from 19 MJ/kg to 27 MJ/kg (HHV). The emissions from combustion are reduced, both in terms of mercury content and the amount of carbon dioxide produced (NEC, 2008c). The process claims a number of key advantages. First, it uses established technology. Second, it can be scaled up in size. Third, it uses a portion of the feedstock, some 6–8%, as a source of heat (so no other source of energy is required), which avoids the need for a boiler.

Processes in the People’s Republic of China Coal water mixture (CWM) is a coal-based liquid fuel, which is convenient for handling and transport. The CWM consists of 65–70% coal particles, 29–34% water and less than 1% chemical additive. In terms of combustion costs, CWM costs are claimed to be lower than crude oil and natural gas. The combustion efficiency of CWM can be up to 98%, which is similar to oil. The combustion of CWM can potentially save 30% of the cost of fuel compared to direct coal combustion. However, this will be counteracted, at least in part, by high preparation costs of the CWM and boiler de-rating. CWM can provide an alternative to liquid fuels, which is important in the People’s Republic of China because it reduces imports of these fuels which are expensive. CWM is largely used in the boilers of oilfired power plants, large industrial boilers and industrial kilns. There are ten CWM plants in the People’s Republic of China with a total capacity of 1% of coal use. This is well above the level of demand, suggesting that switching from oil to CWM is not considered acceptable (Minchester, 2004). Due to overcapacity, alternative markets are being sought, including its possible use in smaller industrial boilers that currently use diesel oil, reducing expenditure on imported diesel. This could be significant in Southern China where diesel is used in large quantities. The cost of de-rating and boiler maintenance will have to be balanced against the cost saving of using CWM rather than diesel or other liquid fuels.

Conclusions Coal quality is central to good thermal efficiency, which in turn gives rise to lower carbon dioxide emissions. With increasing global demand for coal, low rank coals may be able to meet this demand with the proper application of coal upgrading technologies and processes. The only risk is that greenhouse gas emissions penalties are introduced which selectively target existing brown coal plants. A number of demonstration cleaning processes have been described using a range of approaches. The ultraclean coal products do not compete with coal, but rather with oil and natural gas. New power generation and coal drying technologies, such as integrated drying gasification combined cycle (IDGCC), mechanical and thermal dewatering (MTE), fluidised bed drying with internal waste heat utilisation (WTA), Drycol and lignite fuel enhancement system (LFES) offer major improvements in efficiency and reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. These technologies are planned to be ready for the next generation of power stations and have substantial prospects for implementation with low rank coals.

Sources ACA (2008b) Clean coal technologies in Australia. Available from: www.australiancoal.com.au/cleantechAus.htm Barton, ACT, Australia, Australian Coal Association, 8 pp (Aug 2008) Allardice D (2000) The utilisation of low rank coals. Australian Coal Review; (10); 40-46 (Oct 2000) BP (2008) BP statistical review of world energy. Available from: www.bp.com/statisticalreview London, UK, BP plc, 47 pp (Jun 2008) Couch G R (2002) Coal upgrading to reduce CO2 emissions. CCC/67, London, UK, IEA Clean Coal Centre, 72 pp (Oct 2002) Elsen R, Fleischmann M (2008) Neurath F and G set new benchmarks. Modern Power Systems; 28 (6); 23-26 (Jun 2008) Freeman G (2003) Getting the most from coal. World Coal; 12 (5); 45-47 (May 2003) Jacobsen P (2008) Evergreen Energy advances proposed coal refinery project with Sumitomo and major Indonesian mining group. Evergreen Energy; 3 pp (Jan 2008) Jung R G, Riegermann W, Schwerdtfeger J, Winckl J (2002) Recent development in beneficiation of coal with high sulphur content. In: Proceedings of the XIV International coal preparation congress and exhibition, Johannesburg, South Africa, pp 77-83 (Mar 2002) Kakaras E, Doukelis A, Grammelis P, Koumanakos A, Agraniotis M (2006) Concept study for a 700°C power plant: using poor quality brown coal with ultra supercritical PF boiler. National Technical University of Athens Mechanical Engineering Department Thermal Engineering Section, Athens, 32 pp (Oct 2006)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II

MEMR (2008) Recent developments in Indonesia’s mining industrial situation and policy. Available from: www.iea.org/textbase/work/2008/ aseantrainingcoal/indonesia.pdf Paris, France, International Energy Agency (Feb 2008) Minchener A J (2004) Coal in China. CCC/87, London, UK, IEA Clean Coal Centre, 59 pp (Jul 2004) NextGen Energy Council (NEC) (2007) Evergreen Energy K-Fuel. Available from: www.nextgenenergy.org Lakewood, USA, 3 pp (Dec 2007) NextGen Energy Council (NEC) (2008c) FMI’s Cowboy Coal TM upgrading technology. Available from: www.nextgenenergy.org Lakewood, USA, 3 pp (Jul 2008) Sheldon W R (2006) Advanced coal conversion process demonstration. DOE/FE-0496, Washington, DC, USA, Western Syncoal LLC, 12 pp (Mar 2006)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Silalahi L H, Tamura M, Makino E (2005) Current status of coal liquefaction project in Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the international conference on coal science and technology, Okinawa, Japan, 9 pp (Oct 2005) Skov R E (2007) Syncrude and syncoal production by mild temperature pyrolysis processing of low rank coals. Prepared for presentation at AIChE Spring National Meeting, Houston, TX, USA 13 pp (Apr 2007) Stamatelopoulos G N (2007) WTA offers big efficiency gains. Modern Power Systzems; 27 (12); 17-21 (Dec 2007) Steel K M (2007) The elements of cleanliness. World Coal; 16 (12); 44-48 (Dec 2007) Sugita S, Deguchi T, Shigehisa T, Katsushima S, Makino E, Otaka Y (2005) Demonstration of UBC process in Indonesia upgrading of low rank coal. Coal and Safety; (24); 54-60 (Sep 2005) UCC Energy (2008) A new fuel for direct firing into high efficiency gas turbine generators to give greenhouse gas friendly power generation from coal. Available from: www.whitemining.com.au/uccbackground.htm Sydney, NSW, Australia, White Mining, 5 pp (Aug 2008)

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.1

PART III WORLD COAL OVERVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.3

1. PRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.5

Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia

(2)

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic France(2) Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2) Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Venezuela

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

55483 10362 12337 27780 26350 104407 1186 64 25090 13571 2578 1829 2325 415 156630 221 9991 12 4642 131985 530064 1114744 1117322 333 130 565 394 327 62352 940 2806 160 451 1015 1374 2834 33 50

71610 8018 20173 27721 20190 94492 883 60 18027 18625 3089 1930 288 193121 177 12838 18 3598 130097 710178 1332044 1335133 3 138 680 207 176 115120 1 570 2768 196 390 1748 1125 4164 41 42

122346 7666 34310 26401 17055 88849 592 57 16381 22543 5193 101 2279 507 191642 237 16091 13 3605 94111 735935 1380721 1385914 23 437 121 775 35 140 173500 15 511 3104 317 400 1661 1291 8766 127 40

158572 2357 37673 22415 11199 76553 169 25 58 7979 17217 6933 2424 303 147736 281 14612 11 2745 92762 853647 1448738 1455671 794 126 526 40 90 174800 4 377 5345 332 276 637 2183 21375 97 2189

191055 1 637 38621 17738 8495 58858 1 6317 5720 9320 3214 292 137166 13497 2248 53037 858627 1395524 1404844 898 93 650 38 20 206211 44 152 4693 344 305 240 1038 25651 51 4064

239429 375 33805 14855 3804 37376 2964 4150 11344 3643 632 103331 11317 2392 31198 893972 1383243 1394587 948 96 58 31 16 3 224200 79 194 4260 585 259 159 366 38242 17 7885

300190 109 29086 13254 617 28018 95 2832 10755 5021 1471 97904 8548 2170 20498 962440 1472253 1483008 967 120 25 12 3 8 244986 75 150 3621 678 25 528 544 59064 43 7195

299715 29 29900 13394 452 23762 21 2824 11487 5516 2395 95223 8353 2319 18517 991473 1493893 1505380 889 124 25 4 41 8 244774 80 64 3447 682 141 219 674 65596 107 7338

324571 32812 12894 422 24185 158 2886 12514 4574 3995 88312 7873 2462 17007 981690 1503841 1516355 810 128 25 24 8 247666 85 14 3237 707 110 228 243 69902 112 7647

325375 1 32840 12663 277 19068 117 2773 11478 4656 3282 84345 7314 2601 18054 1007222 1520588 1532066 858 132 25 38 8 252251 90 1 3039 748 110 355 667 73502 142 6174

335242 27961 11001 200 14971 72 2519 10548 4303 2641 78035 6953 1879 18374 918716 1422867 1433415 1036 116 24 24 8 247297 68 168 3748 968 164 350 622 72903 128 3680

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Bangladesh India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Bulgaria Romania Croatia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran Non OECD Total World

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 77 451 361 76588 111000 150468 211184 268280 311428 404461 428358 454358 149 304 1852 6814 35547 62784 143601 195789 223845 23198 34106 40000 35693 23700 22500 26864 27160 23860 100 121 346 802 1062 1075 480 595 1290 70 105 357 302 10 11 43 40 12 468 993 1019 1075 6 17 9 9 9 1143 1569 2238 2745 3638 3095 4871 3643 4124 39 325 1261 1226 1287 1351 2877 2353 3398 3327 2574 1858 472 235 83 5 2990 5200 5594 4638 8350 11609 32396 38910 42546 117 511 151 108 74 277 418 436 443 417000 620150 837272 1050734 1342859 1231074 2158908 2320207 2466428 351 267 223 143 194 118 9 27 215 7172 8060 8657 4446 359 281 x x x 156 75 x x x 137 55 88 576 388 400 x x x x x x x x x 1103 34 7 5 9 14 x x x 128000 80754 74886 82788 92010 93538 x x x 1495 183 104 49 45 37 x x x 237514 162411 152538 209213 210418 217878 x x x 475 14 9 84 82 158 x x x 143483 74002 61601 60007 61439 58739 x x x 200 74 69 73 109 160 510600 553000 569000 x x x x x x 903 925 1106 835 1084 1246 1330 1529 1634

2008 840 488550 235107 25098 1476 319 1124 9 3738 3609 38826 476 2734421 41 x 11 106200 55 222432 176 59465 198 x 1590

2009e 840 526145 263336 28552 1686 337 1173 12 3257 2356 42143 1786 2971413 199 x 78 96246 136 228602 84 54809 68 x 1560

1117927 1465759 1811866 2041527 2249135 2213447 3447984 3709635 3925143 4261901 4556122 2235249 2800892 3197780 3497198 3653979 3608034 4930992 5215015 5441498 5793967 5989537

(1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.7

Table 1.2: World coking coal production (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Australia Belgium Canada Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Japan Mexico New Zealand Norway Poland Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Total OECD Total Algeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zimbabwe Brazil Colombia Venezuela India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Chinese Taipei PR of China Bulgaria Romania Georgia Kazakhstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine

37668 40086 54835 64631 79375 3805 4036 3484 13780 14151 24371 27660 28624 18553 17403 16465 14383 10824 4664 4114 3388 1821 439 52239 56036 51401 44577 31686 861 883 592 169 8659 6943 3921 3085 3089 3713 2963 1645 11 173 319 578 1553 227 160 174 40845 31495 31143 28793 28714 1800 1333 907 279 2964 2435 2247 1824 929 15110 10050 2608 1600 599 92201 117716 89463 93259 77166 293387 307014 285318 279574 259909 296472 310103 289031 282537 261554 3 23 9718 10605 11142 9308 10165 1 1 946 991 269 612 621 1317 1545 1407 499 106 705 716 745 775 681 13938 18055 25847 36088 28803 103 286 1767 3415 3836 2500 2543 107 3 52604 68222 68370 85657 147846 2134 1828 3825 1482 349 x x x 574 x x x 29983 12756 x x x 85458 55645 x x x 7 x x x 62283 25783

103750 28164 8136 18862 2214 1644 17222 735 255 54287 233055 235269 3204 813 15 587 22088 4114 123748 13 10687 51035 27844

128310 26613 7136 15171 1792 2446 14071 648 274 46444 241113 242905 1640 690 210 514 23584 10702 280648 10981 55505 23166

123989 26000 7748 13113 1914 2766 14573 631 266 44599 233685 235599 1584 657 136 517 23747 24484 228 338972 12204 54027 23051

142646 28126 7674 13753 2058 1923 13636 684 266 47307 256015 258073 1608 617 144 522 25581 29264 154 379135 12407 57441 21534

140108 28344 7512 10554 1889 2362 12024 858 307 57367 259436 261325 1638 579 260 541 25318 29468 155 384962 14086 54402 19776

130600 22980 5900 9064 1793 1902 8540 619 246 46559 226410 228203 1606 714 260 579 55 32192 29481 12 155 412389 1 12766 55911 18228

Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran

139250 143534 134985 678 842 1006

x 910

x 930

x 1025

x 1039

x 1266

x 1242

Non OECD Total

224705 250177 250329 316312 285444 245058 408570 480632 529446 532451 565591

World

521177 560280 539360 598849 546998 480327 651475 716231 787519 793776 793794

x 760

x 914

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia

(2)

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic France(2) Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2) Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Venezuela

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

55483 10362 12337 27780 26350 104407 1186 64 25090 13571 2578 1829 2325 415 156630 221 9991 12 4642 131985 530064 1114744 1117322 333 130 565 394 327 62352 940 2806 160 451 1015 1374 2834 33 50

31524 3982 6022 10318 16076 38456 60 11084 18625 1757 128 161626 177 11505 18 1163 120047 592462 1025030 1025030 138 680 207 176 104515 1 570 1777 196 390 203 1125 3448 41 42

67511 4182 9939 9936 13667 37448 57 12460 22543 1480 101 1960 333 160499 237 15184 13 1358 91503 646472 1095403 1096883 437 121 775 35 140 162358 15 511 2835 317 400 254 1291 8021 127 40

93941 2357 10013 8032 9378 31976 25 58 7979 17217 3970 1846 303 118943 281 14333 11 921 91162 760388 1169164 1173134 794 126 526 40 90 165492 3 377 4733 332 276 138 2183 20600 97 2189

111680 1 637 9997 6914 8056 27172 1 6317 5720 7675 1661 292 108452 13497 1319 52438 781461 1135615 1143290 898 93 650 38 20 196046 43 152 4072 344 305 134 1038 24970 51 4064

135679 375 5641 6719 3804 18514 2964 4150 9130 1999 632 86109 11317 1657 30943 839685 1150188 1159318 948 96 58 31 16 3 220996 79 194 3447 585 259 144 366 37655 17 7885

171880 109 2473 6118 617 12847 95 2832 8963 2575 1471 83833 8548 1522 20224 915996 1231140 1240103 967 120 25 12 3 8 243346 75 150 2931 678 25 318 544 58550 43 7195

175726 29 3900 5646 452 10649 21 2824 9573 2750 2395 80650 8353 1688 18251 946874 1260208 1269781 889 124 25 4 41 8 243190 80 64 2790 682 141 83 674 65079 107 7338

181925 4686 5220 422 10432 158 2886 10456 2651 3995 74676 7873 1778 16741 934383 1247826 1258282 810 128 25 24 8 246058 85 14 2620 707 110 84 243 69380 112 7647

185267 1 4496 5151 277 8514 117 2773 9589 2294 3282 72321 7314 1743 17747 949855 1261152 1270741 858 132 25 38 8 250613 90 1 2460 748 110 95 667 72961 142 6174

204642 4981 5101 200 5907 72 2519 8755 2401 2641 69495 6953 1260 18128 872157 1196457 1205212 1036 116 24 24 8 245691 68 168 3034 968 164 90 622 72324 128 3625

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.9

Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Bangladesh India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Bulgaria Romania Croatia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran Non OECD Total World

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 76588 92945 124621 175096 239477 289340 149 304 1749 6528 33780 58670 23198 30270 37500 33150 23700 22500 100 121 346 480 595 1290 70 10 11 43 40 12 468 6 17 1143 1569 2238 2745 3638 3095 39 325 1261 1226 1287 1351 3327 2574 1751 469 235 83 5 2990 5200 5594 4638 8350 11609 117 511 151 108 74 277 417000 551928 768902 965077 1195013 1107326 351 267 223 143 194 118 7172 6232 4832 2964 10 268 x x x 156 75 x x x 137 55 88 576 388 400 x x x x x x 529 34 7 x x x 98017 67998 64199 x x x 1495 183 104 x x x 152056 106766 101503 x x x 475 7 9 x x x 81200 48219 33757 x x x 200 74 69 510600 409466 434015 x x x 903 83 100 75 170 336

2005 77 380877 132899 26864 802 105 993 9 4871 2877 32396 418 1878260 9 x 5 71807 49 153708 84 36841 73 x 400

2006 451 404611 171305 27160 1062 129 1019 9 3643 2353 38910 436 1981235 27 x 9 79806 45 156391 82 38388 109 x 504

2007 361 428777 194581 23860 1075 148 1075 9 4124 3398 42546 443 2087293 215 x 14 81131 37 160437 158 37205 160 x 595

2008 840 463232 205639 25098 1476 164 1124 9 3738 3609 38826 476 2349459 41 x 11 92114 55 168030 176 39689 198 x 324

2009e 840 493953 233855 28552 1674 182 1173 12 3257 2356 42143 1786 2559024 198 x 78 83480 136 172691 84 36581 68 x 318

1117927 1215582 1561537 1725215 1963691 1968389 3039414 3229003 3395697 3729450 3990531 2235249 2240612 2658420 2898349 3106981 3127707 4279517 4498784 4653979 5000191 5195743

(1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 1.4: World brown coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

(2)

Austria Canada Czech Republic France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan(2) New Zealand(2) Poland Slovak Republic Spain Turkey United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total South Africa Brazil Chile Colombia India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Myanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Albania Bulgaria Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

24121 32894 38380 45990 50752 67293 67152 67737 65613 72400 64000 3328 2865 3081 2448 1297 1249 8135 16515 26543 30659 36360 35358 36259 36104 36552 34909 34975 75965 89086 94636 78983 57163 50307 48772 49518 49732 47537 45415 2764 2560 1839 2333 1401 296 366409 389726 434037 357468 192756 167691 177907 176321 180409 175313 169857 13301 23198 35888 51896 57662 63887 69398 64787 66308 65720 64722 25925 25142 23500 17332 14772 14033 9570 9952 9818 9404 8986 1190 1286 1892 956 172 14 100 27 143 208 247 161 231 213 246 251 260 254 260 39215 36866 57746 67584 63547 59484 61636 60844 57538 59668 57108 5804 5796 5731 4766 3759 3648 2511 2201 2111 2423 2573 3003 15454 23572 21070 14808 12154 10933 10094 9309 2873 2494 7754 15027 36392 44683 52825 60876 56170 61936 72902 76801 70491 12948 42783 65701 79914 78471 77619 76151 76429 71291 68659 65750 590105 699433 849185 806243 625976 614122 616705 616174 621843 615961 586631 590105 699433 849185 806243 625976 614122 616705 616174 621843 615961 586631 33 1324 3494 6051 3958 4959 6553 5727 5669 5737 6257 5668 61 40 35 368 3320 5110 8040 14074 22146 24247 30228 31285 33980 32421 34692 148 3672 5598 13820 27110 30735 36723 38488 38187 7000 10000 12000 10660 7600 7243 7746 7946 6478 7235 8956 6043 6562 3729 5115 7412 7945 9090 9908 10800 27 43 38 23 112 367 393 414 433 453 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 361 1525 5188 12421 18416 17708 20878 19001 18239 17982 17706 1802 951 1804 2206 3985 811 1420 2150 2071 80 30 64 64 64 85 116 26459 29946 30657 31532 30636 26314 24686 25651 28418 29009 27174 17679 27104 37924 33737 40762 29004 31106 34923 35780 35861 30606 x x x 19670 1640 7439 9119 10145 10609 11686 9540 x x x 18 7 x x x 6644 7249 7516 6881 6639 6509 7630 5040 x x x 45800 40540 37006 35100 36780 37148 38709 38281 x x x 5583 4884 4480 4540 4522 4535 4520 4430 31874 40913 68072 x x x x x x x x

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.11

Table 1.4: World brown coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Estonia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Lithuania Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Israel

x x x 22486 x x x 3443 x x x 2140 x x x x x x 134385 x x x 450 x x x 9280 x x x 6200 157000 163000 157000 x 303

12433 3740 280 83317 27 2296 2980 x 470

11727 2558 321 87786 13 802 2500 x 390

14591 3798 286 73668 15 354 3003 x 429

14095 4221 276 74148 23 232 3126 x 452

16544 4291 358 71143 23 186 3282 x 429

16117 4872 437 82530 23 163 3092 x 427

15007 5278 474 47 68158 12 175 3200 x 444

Non OECD Total World

248095 286564 333355 375130 293815 292687 307111 318274 331785 348836 326649 838200 985997 1182540 1181373 919791 906809 923816 934448 953628 964797 913280

(1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite. For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Excludes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 1.5: OECD production of coke oven coke (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

4983 1719 7774 5370 9383 11881 41614 400 1082 7665 52300 318 2021 2655 20 282 16938 269 1500 4475 533 1251 17776 62803

4991 1729 6048 5250 8725 11120 35492 247 975 8264 47463 2965 2447 2455 13 349 19598 216 1598 3900 1188 1937 10060 41850

3603 1751 5964 4684 8328 8691 30171 607 7410 48621 5253 2924 2958 5 313 15828 275 1909 3440 1203 2711 9276 25992

4495 1725 5420 3708 7125 487 7197 21926 672 6356 51118 8800 2384 2736 13516 230 2340 3211 1084 3158 8350 25053

4617 1448 3696 3283 4963 920 5566 11102 1033 5185 44778 10593 2148 2888 11578 331 1861 2438 1149 3131 6274 21545

3739 1385 3104 3242 3411 910 5234 9115 937 4504 41220 12288 2100 2116 8972 371 1706 2470 1146 2925 6206 18876

3808 1388 2856 3305 3412 894 4445 8397 614 4574 42645 8935 2002 2238 420 8404 1846 2662 1411 2992 4364 15168

3634 1398 2895 3199 3428 870 4689 8372 921 4688 43733 9888 2048 2162 419 9613 1856 2839 1188 3213 4629 14881

3634 1424 2607 3098 3258 865 4465 8441 1017 4727 44437 9926 2058 2163 425 10168 1748 2742 1194 3335 4477 14697

3636 1410 2309 3040 3399 860 4488 8242 999 4485 41034 10857 2074 2086 406 9831 1582 2646 1176 3976 4359 14194

2727 1281 1235 2189 2295 738 2700 6176 746 2767 38086 9632 1763 1382 416 7095 1573 1963 987 3422 3693 10108

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD Pacific

127197 113901 100835 127197 113901 100835 68173 47100 30676 70194 49547 33600 57621 55432 57482

85533 85533 28761 31145 64413

63563 63563 24828 26976 59988

54512 54512 22118 24218 57247

50497 50497 18473 20475 55808

52761 52761 18080 20128 57674

52631 52631 17795 19853 58422

51848 51848 17234 19308 55933

38053 38053 12297 14060 50861

IEA Total OECD Total

252991 216433 188993 178707 148379 133877 124778 128515 128848 125015 101211 255012 218880 191917 181091 150527 135977 126780 130563 130906 127089 102974

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.13

2. CONSUMPTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.15

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States(2)

27292 34422 39980 49299 51739 60830 67874 68169 70670 70834 71780 2856 2871 3178 4159 3392 3724 4054 4241 4188 3837 3171 17169 17004 15576 16153 12394 11046 7551 7183 6518 5887 4529 17556 21361 21522 18886 15900 22503 20451 21240 12812 12326 7847 27780 23937 22030 20060 14180 10717 9221 9890 9760 9428 7919 3146 9669 11935 9992 11003 6641 6293 9172 7908 6836 6778 3035 5692 5318 5648 6540 5193 4598 7612 7075 4986 5722 40289 48080 36507 28791 22611 21801 21142 19071 20512 19122 14595 105801 96385 93466 86965 74224 68963 63952 65538 70097 64067 53525 651 545 1750 1380 1480 1121 563 463 710 523 85 2137 1695 1043 971 1402 1280 1341 1851 1965 1907 1334 1 12 69 65 65 101 117 108 138 109 97 822 1066 1586 3198 2689 2944 2870 2588 2377 2236 1885 11603 17024 21894 21327 17446 18013 24240 24798 25118 24910 19117 81690 87699 109391 114960 133564 153190 176974 179098 187000 184189 164780 16329 27790 42505 44776 44634 66548 82272 84709 92044 102723 106101 305 346 199 197 217 171 111 153 109 99 26 2894 3973 5317 6881 10243 12290 17556 17459 17482 13677 16417 4794 5973 10276 14032 14281 12740 13009 12648 13445 12685 11872 2317 1768 1810 2002 1938 1779 3935 3909 2832 3197 3025 772 951 1118 749 1018 1035 795 637 678 695 538 122097 163778 156570 120231 107823 83371 80438 86130 85336 82668 75949 805 604 1050 4397 5708 6154 5476 5467 4742 4156 4678 5834 5373 5809 5879 5330 4656 4983 5148 5021 4651 4327 13260 16531 25198 26047 27488 32804 32948 29395 33090 23982 20047 1060 2138 4158 3709 3444 2861 3070 3235 3192 2774 1838 258 315 640 481 245 173 178 141 182 162 155 4595 4630 6189 8146 8548 15526 19421 22798 25350 22720 22246 133527 123610 105980 106722 75916 59839 61779 67341 62777 57935 49322 492567 608038 682608 736926 782788 892126 953585 941276 955157 951307 856248

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

502596 502597 510123 513017 127628

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland(2) France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Iceland(2) Ireland Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2)

IEA total OECD total

548217 548229 629399 633372 151679

531470 531539 704130 709447 193686

489234 489299 755812 762693 211037

417379 417444 798688 808931 231875

370773 370874 914629 926919 282347

368033 368150 974036 991592 331055

385500 385608 962516 979975 335885

390150 390288 967969 985451 352546

356266 356375 963633 977310 360943

309658 309755 864095 880512 345686

1140347 1329295 1429286 1456083 1447942 1567749 1673124 1683901 1710665 1680842 1519439 1143242 1333280 1434672 1463029 1458250 1580140 1690797 1701468 1728285 1694628 1535953

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Kenya Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Peru Uruguay Venezuela Other Latin America Bangladesh Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

63 93 1226 1005 632 689 819 866 856 856 789 466 815 912 1041 969 922 887 862 1036 170 167 156 169 136 132 162 171 182 193 185 477 894 1192 1340 1540 1820 1777 1713 1708 1671 937 70 16 90 151 96 66 125 167 151 155 43 582 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4938 4926 5019 4463 2690 587 288 106 58 56 9 10 23 16 3 20 64 77 413 143 289 151 94 55 20 3 8 8 8 8 8 152 167 215 215 200 60408 86961 125870 124900 147205 157135 175403 177880 183591 182026 180593 1 15 4 44 79 75 80 85 90 68 33 21 21 15 941 618 471 375 148 128 140 58 14 1 176 2758 2614 3026 5355 4494 4297 3698 3521 3306 3104 3788 222 278 379 454 444 702 751 903 1140 1207 3075 1072 1425 1247 1367 1439 1058 1383 1454 1573 1790 1363 2842 6354 9870 10650 12080 13457 14270 13764 15068 15300 15227 1711 1678 1792 3720 3391 4590 4571 5726 5721 7726 6654 2859 4135 4630 4825 5608 4231 4173 3815 3697 4351 3449 1 1 1 1 2 2 25 1 45 90 126 153 63 15 12 22 14 18 23 224 17 80 93 476 704 728 763 781 22 215 588 616 660 672 591 61 12 135 183 190 201 211 63 52 55 72 60 32 36 48 33 13 32 32 51 60 4 86 74 107 149 389 708 1075 850 1180 1073 883 32 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 53 42 42 355 7 181 52 52 62 50 53 235 243 235 98 563 642 660 742 946 897 1257 861 12 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10824 11403 12261 11345 12369 73410 108622 154347 211533 278553 338729 430693 459871 500094 545360 591718 129 237 771 1943 4746 5600 15445 23717 27499 33772 33785 23580 34456 42200 37793 24340 22241 24235 24860 20267 22636 25637 13 76 517 1936 2303 3298 12728 13147 16519 17717 15858 480 595 1290 70 105 357 302 319 337 74 221 223 80 15 38 145 155 163 170 175 78 83 17 81 129 430 410 424 438 461 488 1270 1667 2954 4245 4723 4045 7714 7894 10111 8390 7528 40 303 2416 2570 2998 8597 9906 10070 11127 11794 9396 1 8 5 93 70 68 72 41 3572 5956 11085 17230 26167 42055 54711 56783 59358 56971 60278 1 94 212 250 2315 3684 8479 11104 14051 15863 14696 2770 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14510 16152 16623 20386 17331 220 657 345 303 221 564 782 617 681 732 1400 414180 626010 803907 1050895 1316745 1214798 2098830 2305093 2454333 2683179 3085576

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.17

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Malta Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Bahrain Islam. Rep. of Iran Israel Lebanon Syrian Arab Republic

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

89 160 220 302 6136 6999 8277 6046 3443 3379 4361 4259 4916 4637 3247 74 97 97 49 52 54 49 40 29 192 300 52 8490 12009 14705 9351 5065 2649 3041 2796 2950 2048 366 x x x 592 629 672 712 665 x x x 1150 143 623 1057 987 1081 1121 1096 x x x 129 142 67 3 57 18 14 78 x x x 137 55 218 67 62 93 151 35 x x x 32 20 11 49 46 66 63 28 2540 3790 5089 x x x x x x x x x x x 552 3 1 3 2 10 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 504 168 132 83 76 47 x x x 382 85 87 56 70 130 129 30 x x x 1323 44 27 18 16 48 119 87 x x x 85806 61195 47000 58561 65401 65302 63778 73795 x x x 4014 505 830 887 817 813 835 89 x x x 917 252 97 120 130 162 162 122 x x x 1303 372 130 284 396 379 324 220 x x x 4510 1315 181 167 194 131 198 15 x x x 240033 163266 142222 141438 145771 142034 148763 135913 x x x 1044 14 16 90 88 166 184 84 x x x 670 x x x 139440 86898 65887 63614 68237 68196 70382 57391 x x x 2740 81 69 73 109 160 198 68 490220 529110 543430 x x x x x x x x 1 948 1783 1444 1061 1546 1879 1810 1939 1973 1754 1585 2927 3720 6568 10591 12124 12991 13294 12940 12642 1 1 180 200 200 200 200 200 109 1 1 -

Non OECD Total

1103331 1443087 1758798 2008356 2194261 2130320 3195067 3466720 3673926 3966533 4388339

World

2246573 2776367 3193470 3471385 3652511 3710460 4885864 5168188 5402211 5661161 5924292

(1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

7216 2006 7524 6776 12567 12980 41881 213 1740 9909 58724 2009 4053 2953 414 25847 423 2180 4863 1227 3429 14988 68885

7049 2371 8010 7321 12166 7 14570 50293 384 1695 11237 70203 3987 3973 3521 8 432 25272 363 2336 5407 1654 3407 11628 61457

5476 2391 8086 6483 11365 6 11332 47825 1043 20 7 10165 73456 6959 3837 4061 6 394 17745 370 2790 4908 1620 4825 11122 37246

5932 2337 7157 5023 9941 711 9669 42216 971 13 14 8633 64934 11735 2911 4391 219 18127 313 3136 4456 1515 5335 10517 35269

5874 1908 4737 4417 6648 1650 7739 33993 1402 7 6966 59796 16305 1875 4893 17405 455 2745 3312 1646 4658 8487 29934

4799 1877 4045 4461 4972 1284 6543 24462 1280 14 6658 57081 19415 932 4054 13332 497 2597 3556 1772 7042 8824 25963

5354 1899 3263 4289 4334 1401 6222 22193 808 14 5630 56530 20883 676 4699 11157 2738 3463 1377 5585 6569 20893

4678 1892 3753 4550 4334 1073 5978 21690 1301 19 6089 57672 20734 841 4391 12977 2850 3556 1897 5929 7044 20902

5354 1901 3448 4774 4099 1418 6144 23000 1460 30 6197 58205 21736 1019 4703 13642 2854 3667 1604 5816 7170 20524

4548 1863 2912 4987 4301 1077 6700 20013 1432 50 5925 57386 23835 975 4419 13012 2617 3453 1586 6878 6931 19989

3640 1693 1664 3784 3555 1069 3543 15447 1022 46 2768 52244 20107 1899 3402 9832 2391 2502 1440 5322 5688 14042

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD Pacific

145144 154753 140055 129439 108644 145144 154753 140075 129452 108651 75661 68778 43729 40292 34351 79714 72751 47566 43203 36226 67949 81247 85897 82820 81975

92795 92809 30424 31356 81295

81338 81352 25182 25858 82767

84754 84773 25452 26293 83084

87123 87153 25298 26317 85295

83119 83169 24976 25951 85769

61338 61384 17826 19725 75991

IEA Total OECD Total

288754 304778 269681 252551 224970 204514 189287 193290 197716 193864 155155 292807 308751 273538 255475 226852 205460 189977 194150 198765 194889 157100

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.19

Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Guatemala Jamaica Peru India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Pakistan Chinese Taipei Other Asia PR of China Albania Bulgaria Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Armenia Georgia Kazakhstan Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran

1978

1980

1985

50 975 7018 946 990 4869 385 705 40 15757 3857 16 1386 52304 25 1921 5734 x x x x 1447 x x x x x x x

93 894 7158 991 801 6154 454 716 49 15441 4286 98 1513 66822 25 1926 5228 x x x x 3402 x x x x x x x

1226 1192 6000 269 826 9602 427 745 50 28149 5000 716 2562 62873 33 1553 7825 x x x x 4689 x x x x x x x

129250 131534 123985 1107

1700

1344

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

1005 632 689 819 866 856 856 789 1339 1540 1820 1777 1713 1708 1671 923 65 5675 4220 2569 2975 2765 2589 2353 1224 1 1 612 621 813 690 657 617 579 714 1418 1121 589 558 789 987 961 1181 692 10489 11094 9936 9742 9379 10376 10345 9207 492 715 714 703 700 694 675 673 775 681 587 514 517 522 541 497 180 188 212 220 260 52 55 72 60 32 36 48 33 37 51 44 39491 39409 35852 39041 41083 46010 46544 55454 107 5143 1040 101 175 180 147 164 65 228 154 155 155 1102 1085 950 565 311 466 1200 552 4150 4208 5236 4919 4810 4600 4597 3352 43 80373 140501 119758 282365 339626 381149 387528 445657 62 1854 1693 1325 1051 947 751 434 10 5082 5047 2257 2963 2738 2883 1951 312 592 629 672 712 650 747 338 117 70 67 1 x x x x x x x x 10 686 6 29983 10853 10294 10699 11874 12108 13710 12293 2 1 53885 50669 43938 44991 44622 46529 42200 46126 7 2 2 2 2 2 54508 31642 30581 29821 30311 30296 27722 21269 x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

986

1388

1605

1450

1489

1395

1467

1347

Non OECD Total

228782 249285 259066 299768 307817 269768 436883 496656 545734 546855 604235

World

521589 558036 532604 555243 534669 475228 626860 690806 744499 741744 761335

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States(2)

27292 27373 34504 43367 45865 56031 62520 63491 65316 66286 68140 2856 500 787 1822 1484 1847 2155 2349 2287 1974 1478 17169 8994 7490 8996 7657 7001 4288 3430 3070 2975 2865 17556 14040 15039 13863 11483 18042 16162 16690 8038 7339 4063 27780 11771 10665 10119 7532 5745 4887 5556 5661 5127 4364 3146 9662 11929 9992 11003 6641 6293 9172 7908 6836 6778 3035 5692 5318 4937 4890 3909 3197 6539 5657 3909 4653 40289 33510 25175 19122 14872 15258 14920 13093 14368 12422 11052 105801 46092 45641 44749 40231 44501 41759 43848 47097 44054 38078 651 161 1750 1380 1480 1121 563 463 710 523 85 2137 533 550 505 475 312 1 12 49 52 58 87 103 89 108 59 51 822 1066 1579 3184 2689 2944 2870 2588 2377 2236 1885 11603 5787 11729 12694 10480 11355 18610 18709 18921 18985 16349 81690 17496 35935 50026 73768 96109 120444 121426 128795 126803 112536 16329 23803 35546 33041 28329 47133 61389 63975 70308 78888 85994 305 346 199 197 217 171 111 153 109 99 26 2894 1480 3970 8368 11358 16880 16618 16463 12702 14518 4794 2452 6215 9641 9388 8686 8310 8257 8742 8266 8470 2317 1760 1804 1783 1938 1779 3935 3909 2832 3197 3025 772 519 724 749 1018 1035 795 637 678 695 538 122097 138506 138825 102104 90418 70039 69281 73153 71694 69656 66117 805 241 680 4084 5253 5657 5476 5467 4742 4156 4678 5834 3037 3019 2743 2585 2059 2245 2298 2167 2034 1936 13260 11124 20290 21591 24176 29248 29485 25839 29423 20529 17545 1060 484 2538 2194 1798 1089 1693 1338 1588 1188 398 258 315 640 481 245 173 178 141 182 162 155 4595 1223 1364 2811 3890 8484 13836 16869 19534 15842 16924 133527 111982 94858 96205 67429 51015 55210 60297 55607 51004 43634 492567 546581 645362 701657 752854 866163 932692 920374 934633 931318 842206

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

502596 502597 510123 513017 127628

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland(2) France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Iceland(2) Ireland Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2)

IEA Total OECD Total

393464 393476 560621 560621 70432

391415 391464 660401 661881 107789

359795 359847 715520 719490 128217

308735 308793 764337 772705 149900

277978 278065 884205 895563 201052

286695 286798 948854 965734 248288

300746 300835 937064 953682 252801

303027 303135 942671 959134 267251

273147 273206 938657 951359 275174

248320 248371 846269 860787 269695

1140347 1024517 1159605 1203532 1222972 1363235 1483837 1490611 1512949 1486978 1364284 1143242 1024529 1161134 1207554 1231398 1374680 1500820 1507318 1529520 1499739 1378853

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.21

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Kenya Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Peru Uruguay Venezuela Other Latin America Bangladesh Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

63 466 815 912 1041 969 922 887 862 1036 170 167 156 169 136 132 162 171 182 193 185 477 1 14 70 16 90 151 96 66 125 167 151 155 43 582 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4938 4926 5019 4463 2625 587 288 106 58 56 9 10 23 16 3 20 64 77 413 143 289 151 94 55 20 3 8 8 8 8 8 152 167 215 215 200 60408 79803 119870 119225 142985 154566 172428 175115 181002 179673 179369 1 15 3 43 79 75 80 85 90 68 33 21 21 15 941 618 471 375 148 128 140 58 14 1 176 2758 1623 2757 4743 3873 3484 3008 2864 2689 2525 3074 222 278 379 454 444 702 751 903 1140 1207 1657 1072 624 421 246 850 500 594 467 612 609 671 2842 200 268 161 986 3521 4528 4385 4692 4955 6020 1711 1224 1365 3228 2676 3876 3868 5026 5027 7051 5981 2859 3419 3885 4050 4927 3644 3659 3298 3175 3810 2952 1 1 1 1 2 2 25 1 45 90 126 153 63 15 12 22 14 18 23 224 17 80 93 476 704 728 763 781 22 215 408 428 448 452 331 61 12 135 183 190 201 211 63 13 32 32 51 60 4 86 25 57 112 338 664 1075 850 1180 1073 883 32 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 53 42 42 355 7 181 52 52 62 50 53 235 243 235 98 563 642 660 742 946 897 1257 861 12 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10824 11403 12261 11345 12369 73410 93181 126198 172042 239144 302877 391652 418788 454084 498816 536264 129 237 771 1943 4746 5600 15445 23717 27499 33772 33678 23580 30170 37200 32650 23300 22140 24060 24680 20120 22472 25572 13 76 517 1936 2303 3298 12728 13147 16519 17717 15858 480 595 1290 70 105 129 148 164 182 74 221 223 80 15 38 145 155 163 170 175 78 83 17 81 129 430 410 424 438 461 488 1270 1569 2238 3143 3638 3095 7149 7583 9645 7190 6976 40 303 2416 2570 2998 8597 9906 10070 11127 11794 9396 1 8 5 93 70 68 72 41 3572 4443 8523 13080 21959 36819 49792 51973 54758 52374 56926 1 94 212 250 2315 3684 8479 11104 14051 15863 14696 2770 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14510 16152 16623 20386 17331 220 657 345 303 221 564 782 617 681 732 1357 414180 559188 741034 970522 1176244 1095040 1816465 1965467 2073184 2295651 2639919

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Malta Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Bahrain Islam. Rep. of Iran Israel Lebanon

1995

2000

89 135 187 240 6136 5073 6724 4192 1750 74 97 97 192 300 52 8490 6781 6880 4269 18 x x x x x x 403 143 x x x 12 72 x x x 137 55 x x x 31 20 2540 388 400 x x x x x 552 3 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 x x x 382 85 x x x 637 38 x x x 55823 50342 x x x 4014 505 x x x 917 252 x x x 1303 372 x x x 4510 1315 x x x 186148 112597 x x x 1044 7 x x x 670 x x x 84932 55256 x x x 2740 81 490220 397576 419445 x x 948 83 100 75 158 2927 3720 6568 1 1 180

2054 49 392 623 218 11 x 504 87 27 36706 830 97 130 181 98284 14 35306 69 x 274 10591 200

Syrian Arab Republic

1

1980

1

1985

-

1990

-

-

-

2005

2006

3310 3312 52 54 78 58 1057 987 3 57 67 62 49 46 x x 1 168 132 56 70 18 16 47862 53527 887 817 120 130 284 396 167 192 96447 101149 88 86 33793 37926 73 109 x x 360 450 12124 12991 200 200 -

2007

2008

2009e

4165 4203 49 40 67 97 1081 1121 18 14 93 151 66 63 x x 3 2 83 76 130 129 48 119 53194 50068 813 835 162 162 379 324 130 198 95505 106563 164 182 37900 42660 160 198 x x 578 287 13294 12940 200 200

3237 29 54 15 758 78 35 28 x 47 30 87 61502 89 122 220 15 89787 84 36122 68 x 1 238 12642 109

-

-

-

-

Non OECD Total

1103331 1193802 1499732 1708588 1886444 1860552 2758184 2970064 3128192 3419678 3784104

World

2246573 2218331 2660866 2916142 3117842 3235232 4259004 4477382 4657712 4919417 5162957

(1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.23

Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Poland Slovak Republic Spain Switzerland Turkey United States(2)

24121 32894 38380 45990 50752 67293 67152 67737 65613 72400 64000 3328 3274 3868 2504 1743 1381 1272 754 95 87 76 95 275 276 195 220 206 290 317 281 249 8058 15911 26653 30260 36734 40465 39760 36701 44364 43044 39046 75965 79822 83854 71772 52300 50372 47622 47973 48577 45381 44547 2775 2570 2418 2094 1516 355 36 37 51 67 91 372497 391753 432521 364050 194811 169942 177892 176378 180560 174833 169869 13000 22692 36214 52053 56962 64564 70096 64598 66373 64632 64401 26896 25849 24583 19005 15529 13893 10247 10181 10088 9930 9325 38 45 36 53 9 14 25 24 1299 1385 2041 1089 196 30 8 8 4 4 7 100 27 28 84 2 4 3 3 3 3 4 20 156 103 69 33 46 50 35 58 25 18 143 208 264 207 250 261 276 280 261 255 260 34282 35308 57565 67391 63196 59488 61589 60800 57529 59651 57075 12784 16039 15784 12481 7221 4213 3307 3168 2935 3374 3266 3062 14691 23242 20776 15054 12850 11550 10103 9579 2431 1352 13 8 6 39 86 85 75 66 7642 15801 35301 46178 52471 64406 57315 60786 72827 75894 70491 12948 42129 62063 79023 80764 74265 76136 75785 71851 70443 64560

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

553550 609463 717769 659789 461280 553550 609463 717769 659789 461280 21006 58040 88716 109283 117498 21006 58040 88716 109283 117500 24364 33129 38644 46197 51002

IEA Total OECD Total

598920 700632 845129 815269 629780 624086 624606 615709 631181 622832 588807 598920 700632 845129 815269 629782 624090 624609 615712 631184 622835 588811

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(2) Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2)

441802 441802 114730 114734 67554

441282 441282 115896 115899 67428

435206 435206 112486 112489 68017

449092 449092 116215 116218 65874

436690 436690 113487 113490 72655

420941 420941 103606 103610 64260

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Algeria Egypt Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Other Africa Brazil 1280 2788 6991 4786 Chile 61 40 35 India 3762 5059 7913 14985 Indonesia 163 4422 DPR of Korea 7000 10000 12000 10660 Malaysia Mongolia 5687 6054 Myanmar 27 43 38 Philippines 4 3 Singapore 1 1 2 Chinese Taipei Thailand 361 1525 5132 12457 Vietnam Other Asia 2206 4200 People's Republic of China Albania 810 1420 2150 1843 Bulgaria 26311 29704 30657 31778 Cyprus Malta Romania 17690 27364 38404 36872 Bosnia and Herzegovina x x x 19670 Croatia x x x 743 F.Y.R. of Macedonia x x x 6808 Serbia x x x 45800 Slovenia x x x 6058 Former Yugoslavia 31356 40516 68217 x Estonia x x x 25954 Kazakhstan x x x 3443 Kyrgyzstan x x x 2140 Latvia x x x 3 Lithuania x x x Russian Federation x x x 134047 Tajikistan x x x 450 Ukraine x x x 7983 Uzbekistan x x x 6200 Former Soviet Union 157138 163030 157015 x Israel 303

5040 22298 5598 7600 3914 23 3 62 18496 80 30873 40635 1640 188 7293 40550 5219 x 14561 3630 287 82065 27 3000 2947 x 470

6813 24824 13755 7243 5142 59 3 4725 17586 73 25844 29313 7437 80 7702 37106 4914 x 13232 2438 339 1 88257 13 793 3473 x 390

5734 30239 25697 7746 5367 85 3 5005 21046 77 24870 1 32961 8865 83 7470 35323 5143 x 14804 3586 452 3 73156 15 409 3112 x 429

6259 30808 27794 7946 5562 111 3 5410 18852 77 25775 1 37627 9873 84 6823 37367 5185 x 14028 3973 436 3 73929 23 233 3304 x 452

5847 34654 32445 6478 5759 113 3 5718 18121 1811 77 28687 1 36613 10315 65 6966 37359 5198 x 16810 4066 472 70147 23 194 3448 x 429

5523 31846 31084 7235 5680 115 5640 18492 954 98 28530 1 37497 11372 61 7730 38590 5134 x 15704 4589 474 80769 23 189 3320 x 427

14 7 3 1 5670 206 34692 30690 8956 2 5087 117 6320 17706 1804 71 116 27150 1 31593 9160 1 5259 38376 5115 x 15030 4922 474 47 67754 12 161 3428 x 444

Non OECD Total World

1980

1985

247976 285674 334411 383502 296499 301555 311681 321938 331819 341077 320389 846896 986306 1179540 1198771 926281 925645 936290 937650 963003 963912 909200

(1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite, sub-bituminous and oil shale. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Excludes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.25

Table 2.5: OECD consumption of coke oven coke (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

4983 2681 8429 5454 5913 96 877 14783 37220 414 2317 13 7099 51800 356 3235 2173 2657 20 826 14212 306 2422 5349 1900 185 1251 17034 64235

5077 2674 6542 5519 6244 116 1224 13180 32691 261 2243 16 8 7379 45795 3086 2282 2494 2363 13 849 17849 317 1642 3917 1618 131 1954 7296 37446

3520 2993 5789 5212 6472 68 1218 10353 29657 55 2000 34 22 7258 44859 5359 1854 3022 2539 6 881 14671 401 2126 3758 1494 82 2803 9209 26553

3300 2403 5265 3412 5713 40 1272 7714 21127 42 1183 30 29 6413 49564 8800 1447 2528 2339 529 9854 240 2833 3365 1422 43 3256 8244 25230

3952 2354 4287 3682 3857 43 1192 6219 14879 12 990 18 6 5656 41640 10593 521 2951 2454 500 8294 296 1964 3131 1496 31 3201 6517 22180

3456 2436 3928 3429 3144 40 1443 6119 14982 1 804 47 5041 41029 12288 3591 2027 559 5762 323 1815 1923 1495 27 3592 6114 21085

3001 2751 2951 3361 2949 34 1416 5043 12209 4 751 33 5271 42919 9276 3166 2082 420 356 3399 5 1984 2027 1701 20 3428 5001 16547

2825 2793 2863 4139 3191 35 1420 5594 11880 3 736 26 5099 44117 10202 3223 1903 419 420 3948 4 2209 1932 1433 19 3648 5257 17041

2852 2762 2422 3633 3208 38 1414 4669 13105 2 775 34 4983 45167 10477 3240 2148 425 437 3905 4 1797 1935 1478 22 3816 5243 15666

3643 2716 2942 4595 2886 35 1360 4735 12360 1 735 21 4250 40776 11557 3553 2145 406 448 3289 4 1715 2136 1405 24 4097 5102 15428

2727 2449 1631 2820 2381 26 1004 3418 9303 639 20 2485 37964 9870 1 3386 1579 416 294 2678 3 1752 1778 840 22 3696 3732 9364

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD Pacific

129219 112780 105703 129219 112796 105737 69689 42965 31765 71862 45459 34787 57159 53971 53744

84773 84803 28642 31170 61664

67900 67918 25862 28813 56185

61575 61622 24514 28105 56773

53382 53415 19908 23074 55616

54387 54413 21180 24403 57563

54163 54197 19299 22539 58921

52385 52406 20023 23576 56382

39711 39731 12184 15570 50977

IEA Total OECD Total

256067 209716 191212 175079 149947 142862 128906 133130 132383 128790 102872 258240 212226 194268 177637 152916 146500 132105 136379 135657 132364 106278

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.27

3. TRADE

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.29

Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade (million tonnes) Steam coal

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Coking coal

Hard coal

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

269.7 270.0 286.6 288.0 299.0 287.8 287.6 253.0 267.7 297.2 317.7 339.9 361.9 357.6 421.2 454.0 464.1 513.0 556.6 595.1 646.4 679.2 675.6 708.5

143.5 143.1 155.3 166.2 183.2 201.1 210.1 198.2 217.4 247.9 271.3 284.6 292.5 302.4 356.5 384.7 407.6 445.3 492.3 532.1 574.8 606.7 605.6 641.9

172.9 174.3 191.9 190.9 199.3 193.3 172.8 186.5 182.9 196.0 195.0 200.7 186.2 185.0 186.9 199.1 187.6 205.9 197.3 216.3 222.8 246.8 261.2 232.3

130.5 133.7 149.8 154.1 154.5 164.3 153.9 160.6 163.2 174.3 174.7 181.6 171.3 172.4 171.3 181.3 172.4 190.5 180.1 196.8 204.4 225.6 242.6 217.0

442.6 444.2 478.5 478.9 498.4 481.0 460.5 439.6 450.6 493.2 512.7 540.5 548.1 542.6 608.1 653.1 651.7 718.9 753.9 811.4 869.3 926.0 936.8 940.8

274.1 276.7 305.0 320.3 337.7 365.4 364.0 358.8 380.6 422.2 446.0 466.2 463.8 474.8 527.9 566.0 580.0 635.8 672.3 728.9 779.2 832.3 848.2 858.8

Table 3.2: World total hard coal trade Japan

Other

OECD

Australia Canada Poland United States Other OECD Total OECD PR of China Colombia Indonesia Kazakhstan Russian Fed. South Africa Other non-OECD Tot. imp./exp. Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes:

Latin

Balancing

World

item America America Europe(1) Mid. East 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 Asia

Exporters

(million tonnes) Africa + OECD North Other

120.1 109.7

Europe

28.2

15.8

0.4

0.2

2.8

2.2

0.8

3.8

5.4

4.8

9.1

8.1

7.7

7.8

12.7

6.9

2.5

0.1

-

0.5

0.1

2.0

1.2

2.0

1.2

4.1

3.0

31.5

-

-

-

-

9.8

9.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.1

-0.9

7.8

8.4

1.4

0.9

3.0

4.9

30.8

26.5

4.5

1.2

3.6

1.6

10.5

7.7

7.1

8.0

12.8

2.7

73.7

53.4

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.0

13.4

14.5

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

-

5.9

5.3

19.9

20.6

96.3 134.8

89.1

68.4

5.1

1.7

6.9

4.0

13.3

12.8

14.5

14.0

29.8

15.3 385.1 369.6

130.0 118.5

85.4 117.2

5.3 252.2 259.0 28.3

14.3

6.9

32.0

14.8

1.9

1.8

-

-

0.1

-

0.0

0.0

0.9

-

-1.8

-0.7

47.4

22.8

0.0

0.0

1.5

-

30.2

34.2

1.0

0.2

5.5

5.3

26.1

18.1

8.2

7.5

1.4

4.1

73.9

69.5

27.0 148.6 205.0

28.5

15.6

12.8

0.3

0.5

3.9

0.0

3.2

2.0

0.6

0.6

1.8

-

-

-

-

0.5

0.3

26.6

22.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-18.2 202.6 229.6

10.8

10.0

10.2

30.3

60.2

62.8

16.4

9.8

1.3

1.4

0.2

0.2

0.6

0.3

1.8

0.2

0.7

10.1

24.2

38.4

31.8

0.1

0.2

7.1

8.1

1.1

0.3

2.5

0.6

2.2

1.1

61.8

66.9

1.7

1.7

36.4

40.6

12.1

7.9

3.4

3.6

0.0

0.1

2.2

1.3

1.7

1.0

-18.9

-12.7

38.6

43.4

185.6 164.8 298.8 409.2 248.0 220.0

49.4

34.4

24.9

18.8

46.2

34.6

27.3

23.0

57.6

0.4

27.1

22.7

1.5 101.4 116.2

36.1 937.8 940.8

Data in columns OECD Europe, Japan and North America are import statistics. Data in rows Australia to Total OECD (except for above mentioned columns) are export statistics. Data in column World are export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates. The sum of coking coal and steam coal may not add up to total hard coal due to rounding, which may also result in discrepancies among tables 3.2 to 3.4 and other trade data in this publication.

(1) Includes Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 3.3: World steam coal trade Japan

Other

Latin

Balancing

World

Europe

Australia 90.4 81.9 44.4 61.9 6.3 5.0 Canada 2.7 2.7 2.1 4.5 0.3 0.5 Poland 6.4 6.7 United States 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.5 12.8 11.1 Other OECD 0.0 0.0 9.3 9.9 Total OECD 93.3 84.7 47.1 66.9 35.2 33.2 PR of China 12.7 6.4 29.1 13.5 1.7 0.9 Colombia 1.5 - 29.9 34.0 Indonesia 11.3 10.5 137.5 201.2 15.6 12.8 Kazakhstan 0.5 0.3 Russian Fed. 9.1 8.5 9.1 25.7 58.8 61.1 South Africa 0.2 0.7 9.8 23.6 37.9 30.6 Other Non-OECD 1.6 1.7 32.6 36.4 10.5 6.6 Tot. Imp./Exp. 128.2 112.5 234.1 330.9 190.1 179.4 Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes:

OECD North

America Item America Europe(1) Mid. East 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 Asia

Exporters

(million tonnes) Other Africa+

OECD

-

-

0.2

0.7

0.8

3.8

0.4

-

-27.2

-

-

0.3

-

0.5

0.3

0.1

0.0

-1.1

-19.6 115.3 133.7 -1.0

4.9

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.2

-0.1

6.2

6.6

0.4

0.1

1.7

0.6

7.2

5.5

1.1

0.8

11.0

0.8

35.1

19.6

4.1

14.0

14.3

6.9

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

-

4.5

0.5

0.2

2.3

1.3

8.5

9.7

1.8

0.8

-13.1

-

-

0.1

-

0.0

0.0

0.2

-

-1.1

0.6

42.7

21.3

0.9

0.2

5.5

5.3

26.1

18.1

8.0

7.5

1.6

4.3

73.6

69.4

-15.9 175.4 181.1

0.2

0.5

3.9

0.0

3.2

2.0

0.6

0.6

0.7

26.6

22.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-27.4 173.0 200.2 -0.1

7.5

6.4

1.3

1.4

0.2

0.2

0.6

0.3

-0.7

1.4

0.1

0.2

7.1

8.1

1.1

0.3

2.5

0.6

2.4

2.2

61.3

66.3

3.4

2.2

0.0

0.1

2.2

1.3

1.6

0.7

-14.9

-5.9

37.0

43.0

35.9

29.5

20.3

16.1

41.4

31.5

13.7

9.8

12.4

27.1

22.2

85.9 105.0

-1.3 676.0 708.5

Data in columns OECD Europe, Japan and North America are import statistics. Data in rows Australia to Total OECD (except for above mentioned columns) are export statistics. Data in column World are export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates. The sum of coking coal and steam coal may not add up to total hard coal due to rounding, which may also result in discrepancies among tables 3.2 to 3.4 and other trade data in this publication.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources.

Table 3.4: World coking coal trade Japan

Other

Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes:

OECD North

Balancing

Latin

World

Item America America Europe(1) Mid. East 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 Asia

Exporters Australia(2) Canada Poland United States Other OECD Total OECD PR of China Colombia Indonesia Kazakhstan Russian Fed. South Africa Other Non-OECD Tot. Imp./Exp.

(million tonnes) Africa+ Other

OECD Europe

29.7

27.8

41.0

55.3

21.9

10.8

0.4

0.2

2.7

1.5

-

-

4.9

4.8

36.3

5.5

5.0

5.7

8.2

6.6

2.0

0.1

-

0.1

0.1

1.6

0.9

1.8

1.2

5.2

24.8 136.9 125.2 4.0

26.6

-

-

-

-

3.4

2.5

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-1.9

-0.8

1.6

1.7

1.1

0.7

2.5

4.4

18.0

15.3

4.1

1.0

1.9

1.0

3.3

2.2

5.9

7.2

1.9

1.9

38.6

33.8

1.2

5.9

6.4

21.4

0.4

0.3

-

-

4.1

4.6

-

0.2

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

1.4

36.7

33.8

49.2

67.9

53.9

35.2

4.6

1.5

4.7

2.7

4.9

3.1

12.7

13.2

42.9

31.2 209.6 188.5

1.6

0.5

2.9

1.4

0.2

0.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.7

-

-0.7

-1.3

4.7

0.0

0.0

-

-

0.3

0.3

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

-

-0.3

-0.2

0.3

0.1

17.2

16.5

11.2

3.8

-

-

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

0.1

-

1.1

9.2

29.6

29.5

1.5

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.7

1.4

1.1

4.7

1.3

1.7

8.8

3.4

-

-

-

-

0.0

-

2.5

0.0

15.5

11.2

-

-

0.3

0.6

0.5

1.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.3

-1.1

0.6

0.6

0.1

0.0

3.8

4.2

1.6

1.3

0.0

1.5

-

-

-

-

0.1

0.3

-4.0

-6.8

1.6

0.5

57.4

52.2

64.7

78.3

57.9

40.6

13.6

4.9

4.7

2.7

4.9

3.1

13.6

13.2

45.2

37.3 261.8 232.3

Data in columns OECD Europe, Japan and North America are import statistics. Data in rows Australia to Total OECD (except for above mentioned columns) are export statistics. Data in column World are export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates. The sum of coking coal and steam coal may not add up to total hard coal due to rounding, which may also result in discrepancies among tables 3.2 to 3.4 and other trade data in this publication.

(1) Includes Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia. (2) Includes exports of soft and semi-soft coking coal used for pulverised coal injection (PCI). Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.31

Table 3.5: World hard coal imports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Non OECD

Latin America

Asia

338869

262819

76050

159314

12500

344148

262166

81982

156068

10900

371490

280843

90647

156862

375651

285891

89760

159224

491352

307323

184029

488177

327736

472569

324362

443951

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

15562

10284

137406

-

3803

15953

11632

145327

1

4267

13700

19493

11161

165891

1

4382

12100

17135

12651

170062

1

4478

172336

106521

16846

13348

178397

7

3897

160441

179082

86656

15667

13751

188952

1

4068

148207

176485

66125

17087

12806

196070

1

3995

311397

132554

154780

45945

15180

13733

210374

1

3938

461431

330417

131014

159575

41610

16536

15101

224093

-

4516

492508

351032

141476

169254

42896

17086

15676

242895

-

4701

503346

362164

141182

174606

35657

19140

18043

250122

-

5778

532292

383824

148468

183250

32820

21472

18973

269782

-

5995

538314

389152

149162

187816

33847

25549

19421

264359

-

7322

538958

393861

145097

179582

24040

26842

19689

281882

-

6923

609131

442891

166240

203253

34460

32493

19684

311042

-

8199

651030

475660

175370

221284

35578

42254

17762

324843

-

9309

665360

474534

190826

213885

29556

35943

18601

357135

-

10240

710094

502504

207590

226925

39057

43301

19193

371706

-

9912

770730

539372

231358

246667

33922

41524

21794

415813

876

10134

789691

539602

250089

244865

32265

48872

21436

430803

1084

10366

854702

574728

279974

267134

37869

56181

22011

459563

1236

10708

903291

586022

317269

271091

38780

48723

25633

507582

729

10753

907202

582690

324512

261803

45917

46267

26550

516039

606

10020

926485

523076

403409

225393

32240

34624

24652

601537

706

7333

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

Table 3.6: World brown coal imports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Non OECD

15985

13638

2347

14697

15

-

-

1273

-

-

16604

13347

3257

14988

15

-

-

1601

-

-

16656

13266

3390

15222

-

-

-

1434

-

-

16165

12370

3795

15002

-

-

-

1163

-

-

18855

10964

7891

15454

2576

-

-

825

-

-

19385

13769

5616

16783

2600

-

-

2

-

-

15093

11217

3876

13048

2043

1

-

1

-

-

13119

10290

2829

11351

1765

2

-

1

-

-

10517

8125

2392

8722

1793

1

-

1

-

-

10586

7259

3327

7965

2348

2

-

271

-

-

11286

7299

3987

8231

2321

469

-

265

-

-

10258

6753

3505

6505

2244

967

-

542

-

-

10962

6480

4482

5198

1505

2211

-

2048

-

-

12643

7840

4803

5029

1473

3676

-

2465

-

-

16259

8223

8036

4563

2427

4525

-

4744

-

-

16781

7297

9484

4766

2421

3567

-

6027

-

-

18218

10425

7793

3118

1659

8197

-

5244

-

-

19908

10789

9119

3391

2148

9228

-

5141

-

-

17590

8029

9561

3133

2184

6544

-

5729

-

-

16623

8729

7894

4287

767

6772

-

4797

-

-

15990

7352

8638

4984

714

5042

-

5250

-

-

20556

10410

10146

5924

589

8144

-

5898

1

-

21492

12102

9390

5432

656

9578

-

5825

1

-

15810

6521

9289

3986

566

4632

208

6393

-

25

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 3.7: World hard coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea 16437

8521

16857

17165

8715

10554

2007

13311

x

2100

2471

10685

90392

9133

13309

14960

8886

9781

1585

14345

x

2970

1941

14022

90916

18279

11065

12114

13304

8766

11685

1936

17477

x

3700

1743

17455

101241

22657

12658

15943

11071

10569

12137

2587

14522

x

4410

2290

16852

101509

24216

14761

19389

13580

10455

14783

2449

14169

53210

6046

2003

18527

106918

23729

14421

21792

15423

12988

19611

3075

12567

46911

5272

1368

18444

112675

29094

14014

21989

15452

14279

20339

3450

13003

39723

6495

1630

22139

110626

30781

11894

14231

13090

12726

18400

6631

8468

28200

7330

1428

25345

112053

37381

12659

12190

15483

11504

15088

6880

9366

27198

10556

1209

26721

121477

41009

14099

13190

15052

13408

15896

6533

9735

22734

12512

1635

28698

127354

45831

12814

15758

16348

11994

17799

6464

11740

20081

13175

3217

30907

130372

46074

12796

13604

20031

11340

19757

6792

13504

20715

16440

2013

35777

136217

51997

12634

18424

22249

14554

21244

7868

16494

21800

16535

1586

35083

130044

53586

10836

17841

22678

20098

20293

8204

16129

16044

19700

1673

38669

138615

54569

11347

18980

27948

21649

23446

11271

18790

25518

20930

2178

40708

150340

63724

12681

15960

33511

18916

35542

18672

20141

27820

20548

2661

43074

154616

64967

9906

18142

32607

24514

28686

16060

13987

20866

23260

11258

46570

161306

72051

9390

16768

34917

21552

31891

22614

13451

25217

21683

11098

49529

166418

73607

9790

19460

39536

24473

36153

24635

12797

22259

28484

18614

54757

180804

78963

8804

19851

37105

24756

43968

27506

14104

22390

38586

26172

55455

176977

76758

8056

20391

42132

23704

50529

32691

15868

25742

43081

38106

57061

179100

79707

7415

18958

46287

24439

43365

32865

10399

23441

49794

51016

59344

187004

88285

7436

21285

45427

20967

43875

30913

11093

30992

59003

40340

58019

184192

99584

7321

14445

38475

17038

38223

20408

8212

23514

67744

136957

60278

164780

102981

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea

Table 3.8: World brown coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

257

60

2478

2

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

264

49

2162

2

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

226

49

1883

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

267

57

1990

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

276

69

2083

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

276

2

3428

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

244

2

3640

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

226

-

2991

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

212

48

2623

265

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

195

53

2132

481

-

-

-

-

-

-

59

-

-

227

42

1950

136

-

-

467

-

-

-

241

-

-

219

37

2151

-

-

-

965

89

-

-

442

-

-

196

32

1944

-

-

46

2163

22

-

-

2010

-

-

159

37

2053

-

-

41

3630

3

-

-

2435

-

-

219

52

1796

-

-

80

4441

10

-

-

4701

-

-

207

59

1997

-

-

79

3486

242

-

-

6017

-

-

205

23

848

-

-

121

8074

-

-

-

5244

-

-

188

42

35

-

-

107

9117

127

-

-

5141

-

-

190

40

17

-

-

114

6426

170

-

-

5726

-

-

206

36

9

-

-

128

6641

253

-

-

4797

-

-

289

37

53

-

-

191

4848

341

-

-

5250

-

-

317

51

27

-

-

108

8033

270

-

-

5888

-

-

282

67

28

-

-

119

9456

275

-

-

5821

-

-

256

91

10

-

-

130

4498

280

-

71

6320

-

-

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.33

Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Non OECD

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

159611

127699

31912

59123

-

5879

9903

82079

-

2627

164203

129116

35087

60688

-

5612

11248

83700

-

2955

178687

142611

36076

64117

-

6335

10691

94548

-

2996

177466

140855

36611

63718

-

5943

11335

93672

-

2798

171198

136493

34705

61961

124

4719

11846

90289

7

2252

169114

136519

32595

58107

120

4769

12288

91566

-

2264

166756

130869

35887

58145

124

4848

11878

89345

-

2416

164220

129411

34809

54714

291

4681

12087

89944

-

2503

174306

132507

41799

56733

3297

4467

12238

94722

-

2849

180282

133802

46480

59187

8176

4129

12343

93961

-

2486

181436

136637

44799

59582

7319

4833

12721

94292

-

2689

183772

136901

46871

62847

4887

4301

12158

96855

-

2724

177150

135787

41363

63661

3402

5647

11845

89183

-

3412

168822

130064

38758

56468

2351

5106

11120

90736

-

3041

178465

138570

39895

59805

2961

5843

11232

95102

-

3522

171744

132756

38988

55522

2605

6078

11030

93089

-

3420

175554

133810

41744

53320

1642

6522

10786

98866

-

4418

176363

130276

46087

51075

4342

4828

11228

100527

-

4363

198308

140361

57947

56701

6830

5416

11200

113520

-

4641

193964

135459

58505

57158

7770

5831

11127

107569

-

4509

195633

139284

56349

60048

7932

5786

11020

106231

-

4616

207325

144131

63194

62859

8568

4837

12197

114505

8

4351

207911

145372

62539

62126

8625

4866

12659

115835

7

3793

199098

116649

82449

41946

4658

3155

10605

135294

4

3436

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Non OECD

179258

135120

44138

100191

12500

9683

381

55327

-

1176

179945

133050

46895

95380

10900

10341

384

61627

1

1312

192803

138232

54571

92745

13700

13158

470

71343

1

1386

198185

145036

53149

95506

12100

11192

1316

76390

1

1680

320154

170830

149324

110375

106397

12127

1502

88108

-

1645

319063

191217

127846

120975

86536

10898

1463

97386

1

1804

305813

193493

112320

118340

66001

12239

928

106725

1

1579

279731

181986

97745

100066

45654

10499

1646

120430

1

1435

287125

197910

89215

102842

38313

12069

2863

129371

-

1667

312226

217230

94996

110067

34720

12957

3333

148934

-

2215

321910

225527

96383

115024

28338

14307

5322

155830

-

3089

348520

246923

101597

120403

27933

17171

6815

172927

-

3271

361164

253365

107799

124155

30445

19902

7576

175176

-

3910

370136

263797

106339

123114

21689

21736

8569

191146

-

3882

430666

304321

126345

143448

31499

26650

8452

215940

-

4677

479286

342904

136382

165762

32973

36176

6732

231754

-

5889

489806

340724

149082

160565

27914

29421

7815

258269

-

5822

533731

372228

161503

175850

34715

38473

7965

271179

-

5549

572422

399011

173411

189966

27092

36108

10594

302293

876

5493

595727

404143

191584

187707

24495

43041

10309

323234

1084

5857

659069

435444

223625

207086

29937

50395

10991

353332

1236

6092

695966

441891

254075

208232

30212

43886

13436

393077

721

6402

699291

437318

261973

199677

37292

41401

13891

400204

599

6227

727387

406427

320960

183447

27582

31469

14047

466243

702

3897

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea 6575

4041

7614

2246

3097

6257

-

5635

x

2100

529

2717

66445

4874

7532

2200

3437

6492

-

5589

x

2970

224

3490

63935

9247

6838

8165

2248

3643

7082

-

6255

x

3700

50

4687

71128

11237

7064

7769

2281

4000

7998

-

5917

x

4410

303

4921

68689

11651

7132

7848

1706

4169

8614

-

4491

-

5854

250

4237

64935

11287

6426

7660

1057

4652

9196

-

4744

-

5272

408

4350

61839

15572

5795

7457

1357

4343

8385

-

4848

-

6325

400

3748

57898

16381

4748

6904

987

4572

8602

-

4681

-

6936

-

3915

57104

17321

4444

6747

1093

3893

8065

-

4467

3237

9874

-

4032

60301

16902

5267

7300

1427

3244

7754

-

4129

2215

9378

-

4390

59799

17151

5325

7387

2189

3318

8245

-

4833

1708

10617

-

3946

59479

18226

4328

7235

2536

3745

8072

-

4301

1274

11745

398

6033

59098

17395

4195

7052

4299

3905

8646

1050

4597

292

10023

103

5636

53649

17979

3953

6950

3519

3548

8020

1065

4041

2

10992

263

5375

54880

17227

3818

6543

4608

3755

8462

1547

4296

200

11063

339

5158

57081

19575

4169

6942

3984

3424

7723

2091

3987

-

11107

277

5373

56625

17899

3363

6405

5174

3425

6315

2207

4315

-

12947

256

5272

58435

20003

3220

5577

5504

3321

6474

1556

3272

-

12992

2605

5274

57744

20315

3577

6798

6875

4043

6345

1987

3429

-

16925

6830

5078

60884

21808

3533

6255

7152

3571

6551

1603

4228

866

16891

7195

4968

56530

20627

3490

5995

8692

3622

6775

1533

4253

167

17877

4663

4872

57672

20081

3247

6191

9627

3682

7482

1515

3322

-

22029

6219

4483

58205

22532

2993

7239

9255

3371

6349

1580

3286

1450

21080

6857

4757

57386

24083

2379

3584

6448

2058

5164

947

2208

1450

23465

34731

3352

52244

20630

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea

Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

4480

9243

14919

5618

4297

2007

7676

x

-

1942

7968

23947

9862

4259

5777

12760

5449

3289

1585

8756

x

-

1717

10532

26981

9032

4227

3949

11056

5123

4603

1936

11222

x

-

1693

12768

30113

11420

5594

8174

8790

6569

4139

2587

8605

x

-

1987

11931

32820

12565

7629

11541

11874

6286

6169

2449

9678

53210

192

1753

14290

41983

12442

7995

14132

14366

8336

10415

3075

7823

46911

-

960

14094

50836

13522

8219

14532

14095

9936

11954

3450

8155

39723

170

1230

18391

52728

14400

7146

7327

12103

8154

9798

6631

3787

28200

394

1428

21430

54949

20060

8215

5443

14390

7611

7023

6880

4899

23961

682

1209

22689

61176

24107

8832

5890

13625

10164

8142

6533

5606

20519

3134

1635

24308

67555

28680

7489

8371

14159

8676

9554

6464

6907

18373

2558

3217

26961

70893

27848

8468

6369

17495

7595

11685

6792

9203

19441

4695

1615

29744

77119

34602

8439

11372

17950

10649

12598

6818

11897

21508

6512

1483

29447

76395

35607

6883

10891

19159

16550

12273

7139

12088

16042

8708

1410

33294

83735

37342

7529

12437

23340

17894

14984

9724

14494

25318

9867

1839

35550

93259

44149

8512

9018

29527

15492

27819

16581

16154

27820

9441

2384

37701

97991

47068

6543

11737

27433

21089

22371

13853

9672

20866

10313

11002

41298

102871

52048

6170

11191

29413

18231

25417

21058

10179

25217

8691

8493

44255

108674

53292

6213

12662

32661

20430

29808

22648

9368

22259

11559

11784

49679

119920

57155

5271

13596

29953

21185

37417

25903

9876

21524

21695

18977

50487

120447

56131

4566

14396

33440

20082

43754

31158

11615

25575

25204

33443

52189

121428

59626

4168

12767

36660

20757

35883

31350

7077

23441

27765

44797

54861

128799

65753

4443

14046

36172

17596

37526

29333

7807

29542

37923

33483

53262

126806

75501

4942

10861

32027

14980

33059

19461

6004

22064

44279

102226

56926

112536

82351

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.35

Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

51

44

7

-

Austria

1055

986

1274

815

718

981

1402

1282

1438

1464

851

Belgium

1110

1261

676

822

1259

1108

152

68

217

850

516

Canada

357

267

340

339

818

631

88

997

757

1384

426

-

-

-

-

320

602

510

705

735

519

516

Denmark

129

112

75

41

45

47

36

39

35

39

21

Finland

832

1229

1231

786

274

505

505

518

572

534

240

Czech Republic

France

3646

3000

2147

1109

885

1448

1525

1461

1071

1310

744

Germany

4497

4202

2693

2001

2601

5987

3793

3687

4693

4347

3168

Greece

45

35

53

32

11

1

4

3

2

1

-

1207

1468

1486

478

351

5

205

51

27

16

3

Iceland

-

16

34

30

18

47

33

26

34

21

20

Ireland

13

8

22

29

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

82

101

134

115

745

506

848

715

426

228

-

Hungary

Japan

-

-

-

261

493

2467

2500

1806

1999

1293

413

Korea

38

121

106

-

-

-

341

314

551

700

238

3247

2292

1854

1447

521

-

-

-

-

-

1

Mexico

150

122

121

124

437

631

390

323

274

337

208

Netherlands

677

832

405

360

649

515

341

479

509

186

67

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

577

531

700

534

522

543

382

391

442

455

279 52

Luxembourg

New Zealand Norway Poland

-

-

-

-

34

16

117

96

119

85

38

102

157

13

34

-

6

-

1

4

1

Slovak Republic

922

130

268

456

178

155

260

516

455

415

275

Spain

459

553

209

172

846

137

136

155

136

204

121

1495

453

386

318

484

328

393

217

266

319

146

158

127

77

27

24

27

20

26

22

24

22

-

-

40

-

182

722

414

454

442

216

274

53

-

374

304

640

483

909

1009

1069

722

178

978

598

524

694

1648

3430

3202

3690

2232

3269

315

Portugal

Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Europe

20242

17422

14261

9859

11329

14116

11958

11872

12677

11938

7475

OECD Europe

20242

17438

14295

9889

11347

14163

11991

11898

12711

11959

7495

IEA North America

1335

865

864

1033

2466

4061

3290

4687

2989

4653

741

OECD North America

1485

987

985

1157

2903

4692

3680

5010

3263

4990

949

38

121

106

261

493

2467

2841

2171

2594

2000

651

OECD Pacific IEA Total

21615

18408

15231

11153

14288

20644

18089

18730

18260

18591

8867

OECD Total

21765

18546

15386

11307

14743

21322

18512

19079

18568

18949

9095

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 3.14: World hard coal exports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

Non OECD

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

350142

250931

99211

55590

35400

103448

5084

12039

92219

46362

354569

249047

105522

48844

37700

98990

8938

16792

101452

41853

387531

267936

119595

49932

46400

118021

11146

17718

99983

44331

390005

269849

120156

46380

39800

124314

14176

19089

99155

47091

504671

275708

228963

45057

139934

126918

15371

23593

103732

50066

491589

291078

200511

37372

104936

132913

18590

29471

120792

47515

485311

282416

202895

34281

92050

121120

16930

41769

127012

52149

439855

262671

177184

34250

63598

95881

21441

40360

132540

51785

451497

270712

180785

42033

53662

96432

22613

49427

132245

55085

494613

298612

196001

46253

49630

114322

22553

63935

138036

59884

516646

301776

214870

42789

48574

116539

28398

77504

142446

60396

544796

315094

229702

43977

50876

112318

32685

81468

158801

64671

551529

320605

230924

46432

49240

106283

35969

83884

167889

61832

548155

300048

248107

40261

46889

86609

36760

97642

173194

66800

615050

315492

299558

41914

67995

85092

43321

117840

188491

70397

668670

317455

351215

49788

72661

73692

46428

162391

193970

69740

660689

310909

349780

42030

69548

62612

43854

166514

206266

69865

718461

315913

402548

37788

84830

67176

52392

193271

210959

72045

757773

329161

428612

39737

96772

69098

57650

205677

220334

68505

813787

342916

470871

36108

115139

73163

60833

222921

233642

71981

866372

344241

522131

37372

122313

72852

69396

261112

234016

69311

925594

367092

558502

37768

131211

83789

71995

288818

245602

66411

943186

389940

553246

30020

145007

105201

73761

273895

254750

60552

943618

372426

571192

26931

144392

81706

73140

286561

263852

67036

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa -

Table 3.15: World brown coal exports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Non OECD

12734

11919

815

12290

-

37

107

300

-

12388

11710

678

11745

-

32

-

611

-

-

12285

11194

1091

11237

-

7

-

1041

-

-

11486

10710

776

10700

-

10

-

776

-

-

15532

10022

5510

10306

4657

79

-

490

-

-

14749

10905

3844

11128

3445

55

-

121

-

-

13028

9800

3228

9966

2919

55

-

88

-

-

10872

9533

1339

9520

1323

29

-

-

-

-

7540

7029

511

6984

505

51

-

-

-

-

9443

6872

2571

6979

2462

-

-

2

-

-

8525

5719

2806

6210

2303

11

-

1

-

-

6092

4869

1223

4938

1152

2

-

-

-

-

5883

4096

1787

3805

1782

293

-

3

-

-

5125

3330

1795

3300

1727

47

-

51

-

-

4837

2866

1971

2874

1790

55

-

118

-

-

5126

3159

1967

3112

1593

161

-

260

-

-

3582

2234

1348

2202

919

242

-

219

-

-

4399

1378

3021

1743

1533

229

-

894

-

-

5778

1475

4303

1771

565

309

-

3133

-

-

7048

1941

5107

2087

799

351

-

3811

-

-

9183

2309

6874

2245

828

430

-

5680

-

-

11595

2266

9329

2222

848

678

-

7847

-

-

16920

3487

13433

2243

1005

1781

-

11891

-

-

17569

2020

15549

1873

1089

660

368

13546

-

33

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.37

Table 3.16: World hard coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

34940

25904

77543

91937

5084

-

x

x

x

9817

160

942

46185

30222

26740

72186

101152

8938

-

x

x

x

13530

170

892

41700

32340

31732

86203

99618

10121

1025

x

x

x

15646

200

1037

44170

28943

32817

91457

98669

12487

1689

x

x

x

15338

160

2546

46931

28065

31000

95912

103396

13505

1834

56051

51480

22217

17290

100

4871

49900

22464

34103

98809

120183

16379

2196

37402

51963

12722

20001

110

7615

47357

22542

28165

92955

126242

14614

2309

40500

42459

7342

23363

130

16058

52059

22968

28274

67602

131752

17616

3825

25881

33821

3101

19815

100

18239

51711

27695

31695

64736

131201

18437

4135

23100

26000

4106

24194

673

21905

54838

31868

33993

80329

136702

18274

4242

26263

20768

2400

28617

651

31322

59676

28920

34448

82076

140856

24781

3617

25341

20840

2289

36485

478

36443

60224

29466

36530

75788

157557

27580

5105

23493

24857

2374

35331

540

41727

64200

28055

34183

72098

166796

30061

5908

24042

23294

1881

32297

823

47206

61300

24102

33539

53001

171861

29932

6828

27709

17025

2138

37437

1156

55318

66235

23245

32082

53006

186962

35391

7930

36737

28933

2320

55057

1292

57324

69910

23029

29618

44066

192178

38868

7560

41553

27357

3729

90125

1903

65071

69210

22623

26804

35805

204334

36510

7344

43497

22849

3092

83887

1517

74009

69231

20119

28280

38896

208749

45644

6748

54625

27290

2912

93986

1627

89817

71531

19684

25746

43351

218426

50902

6748

68616

24273

3883

86613

1294

104621

67946

19369

28064

45095

231311

53607

7143

86006

25455

3666

71676

1989

127442

71442

16735

27989

44860

231296

61968

7286

91391

27432

3457

63211

1554

171434

68747

11900

30422

53359

243588

64575

7373

98054

29498

3621

53111

1627

196986

65867

8461

31513

73688

252189

67761

5953

97470

42699

4794

45288

1655

202593

59997

8373

28326

53380

261745

69454

3627

116203

22718

5291

22794

2171

229658

66921

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

Table 3.17: World brown coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

1

-

37

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

1

-

32

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

7

-

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

10

-

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

193

9

70

-

-

-

3134

-

1433

-

-

-

-

1275

10

45

-

-

-

2979

-

348

-

-

-

-

1063

9

46

-

-

-

2896

-

-

-

-

-

-

909

29

-

-

-

-

1321

-

-

-

-

-

-

719

51

-

-

-

-

232

266

-

-

-

-

-

368

-

-

-

-

-

2171

202

-

-

-

-

-

45

11

-

-

-

-

2059

232

1

-

-

-

-

37

-

2

-

-

-

883

223

-

-

-

-

-

23

-

293

-

-

-

1620

109

-

-

-

-

-

13

-

47

-

-

-

1604

73

-

-

-

-

-

9

-

55

-

-

-

1592

147

9

-

-

65

-

15

78

83

-

-

-

1245

299

-

-

-

210

-

41

120

122

-

-

-

783

87

3

-

-

157

-

36

109

120

-

-

-

1317

184

2

-

-

349

-

27

117

192

-

-

-

315

211

2

-

-

1435

-

8

140

211

-

-

-

552

212

-

-

-

1413

-

-

251

179

-

-

-

539

248

-

-

-

2941

-

-

364

314

-

-

-

584

225

-

-

-

4278

-

1

1516

265

-

-

-

649

283

1

-

-

7404

-

68

427

233

-

368

-

684

356

17

-

-

7497

33

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Non OECD

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

166686

144745

21941

23834

13000

174310

146920

27390

22506

19000

71306

-

3074

49605

5867

69382

-

3635

55032

191276

161929

29347

21788

4755

21000

83895

-

3331

56246

191948

164800

27148

5016

21286

20000

87800

-

2987

55714

209032

162292

4161

46740

19781

39348

84425

-

3759

58086

201968

3633

169976

31992

16485

24136

87432

-

4333

66059

3523

203048

161704

41344

16339

31664

77034

-

4592

68331

5088

186032

161109

24923

17422

14077

68967

-

5979

74722

4865

196261

158390

37871

15843

24848

70007

-

7259

72540

5764

196144

169662

26482

18219

10692

75819

-

9484

75625

6305

195057

170142

24915

14826

8078

76758

-

10704

78558

6133

198820

175094

23726

12982

9865

77406

-

8211

84706

5650

185733

165753

19980

10273

6723

71075

-

8090

84405

5167

185376

161877

23499

10456

6601

58092

-

14366

93329

2532

189410

168603

20807

9747

7715

58166

-

11348

100690

1744

200954

164995

35959

8301

14792

49967

-

20194

106727

973

187765

156604

31161

7643

9508

42503

-

20894

106458

759

198425

159546

38879

6767

9868

43755

-

28427

109024

584

196428

167676

28752

6761

12632

48196

-

15199

112723

917

213038

185601

27437

6663

10774

52711

-

16106

126227

557

220916

180273

40643

8092

10867

50149

-

29046

122032

730

239534

196284

43250

7301

10436

55872

-

31911

133178

836

258644

210734

47910

6007

14187

65242

-

33141

139485

582

232330

188525

43805

6062

11865

55207

137

31159

127277

623

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

(thousand tonnes) Europe F. Soviet North Union America

World

OECD

Non OECD

Latin America

183456

106186

77270

31756

22400

32142

5084

8965

42614

40495

180259

102127

78132

26338

18700

29608

8938

13157

46420

37098

196255

106007

90248

28144

25400

34126

11146

14387

43737

39315

198057

105049

93008

25094

19800

36514

14176

16102

43441

42930

295639

113416

182223

25276

100586

42493

15371

19834

45646

46433

289621

121102

168519

20887

80800

45481

18590

25138

54733

43992

282263

120712

161551

17942

60386

44086

16930

37177

58681

47061

253823

101562

152261

16828

49521

26914

21441

34381

57818

46920

255236

112322

142914

26190

28814

26425

22613

42168

59705

49321

298469

128950

169519

28034

38938

38503

22553

54451

62411

53579

321589

131634

189955

27963

40496

39781

28398

66800

63888

54263

345976

140000

205976

30995

41011

34912

32685

73257

74095

59021

365796

154852

210944

36159

42517

35208

35969

75794

83484

56665

362779

138171

224608

29805

40288

28517

36760

83276

79865

64268

425640

146889

278751

32167

60280

26926

43321

106492

87801

68653

467716

152460

315256

41487

57869

23725

46428

142197

87243

68767

472924

154305

318619

34387

60040

20109

43854

145620

99808

69106

520036

156367

363669

31021

74962

23421

52392

164844

101935

71461

561345

161485

399860

32976

84140

20902

57650

190478

107611

67588

600749

157315

443434

29445

104365

20452

60833

206815

107415

71424

645456

163968

481488

29280

111446

22703

69396

232066

111984

68581

686060

170808

515252

30467

120775

27917

71995

256907

112424

65575

684542

179206

505336

24013

130820

39959

73761

240754

115265

59970

711288

183901

527387

20869

132527

26499

73003

255402

136575

66413

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.39

Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

13976

21431

49874

49323

-

-

x

x

x

2988

-

86

5867

13639

22436

46882

54733

-

-

x

x

x

3579

-

56

4755

13381

27609

56200

55881

-

-

x

x

x

3241

-

90

5016

11467

28677

59083

55228

-

-

x

x

x

2896

-

91

4161

11226

26851

57568

57750

-

-

31573

-

7775

3473

-

286

3633

9767

28786

58645

65450

-

-

15633

-

8503

3840

-

493

3523

10781

23124

53910

67561

-

-

24322

-

7342

3700

-

892

5088

12829

23921

45044

73941

-

-

6729

4247

3101

4283

-

1696

4843

10694

27066

42941

71496

-

-

17367

3375

4106

4906

254

2099

5764

12296

28564

47255

74291

-

-

8693

1999

-

6744

329

2411

6305

9886

28722

48036

76968

-

-

6538

1509

31

7487

188

3029

6133

9138

30092

47314

83462

-

-

8450

1371

44

4601

272

3338

5650

6506

28353

42722

83312

-

-

6440

271

12

4855

385

2850

5167

6635

28946

29146

91996

-

-

6400

184

17

5246

774

8346

2517

5290

28386

29780

99161

-

-

7300

393

22

6470

624

4254

1744

3813

26914

23053

104935

-

-

14431

361

-

11445

879

7870

970

3521

22964

19539

104526

-

-

9196

309

3

13295

163

7436

759

2710

23716

20039

106814

-

-

9470

374

24

13135

158

15134

584

3036

23847

24349

110815

-

-

11935

280

417

5757

114

9328

917

3151

26710

26001

123896

-

-

9983

282

509

5260

46

10800

524

3601

25203

24946

119312

-

-

10007

330

530

4344

107

24595

672

2363

26674

29198

131164

-

-

10019

299

118

2543

36

29332

811

1683

26643

38599

136924

-

-

13614

376

197

3457

109

29575

557

1725

21404

33803

125243

82

55

11235

473

157

1463

203

29481

599

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa 40318

Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

20964

4473

27669

42614

5084

-

x

x

x

6829

160

856

16583

4304

25304

46419

8938

-

x

x

x

9951

170

836

36945

18959

4123

30003

43737

10121

1025

x

x

x

12405

200

947

39154

17476

4140

32374

43441

12487

1689

x

x

x

12442

160

2455

42770

16839

4149

38344

45646

13505

1834

24478

51480

14442

13817

100

4585

46267

12697

5317

40164

54733

16379

2196

21769

51963

4219

16161

110

7122

43834

11761

5041

39045

58681

14614

2309

16178

42459

-

19663

130

15166

46971

10139

4353

22558

57811

17616

3825

19152

29574

-

15532

100

16543

46868

17001

4629

21795

59705

18437

4135

5733

22625

-

19288

419

19806

49074

19572

5429

33074

62411

18274

4242

17570

18769

2400

21873

322

28911

53371

19034

5726

34040

63888

24781

3617

18803

19331

2258

28998

290

33414

54091

20328

6438

28474

74095

27580

5105

15043

23486

2330

30730

268

38389

58550

21549

5830

29376

83484

30061

5908

17602

23023

1869

27442

438

44356

56133

17467

4593

23855

79865

29932

6828

21309

16841

2121

32191

382

46972

63718

17955

3696

23226

87801

35391

7930

29437

28540

2298

48587

668

53070

68166

19216

2704

21013

87243

38868

7560

27122

26996

3729

78680

1024

57201

68240

19102

3840

16266

99808

36510

7344

34301

22540

3089

70592

1354

66573

68472

17409

4564

18857

101935

45644

6748

45155

26916

2888

80851

1469

74683

70947

16648

1899

19002

107611

50902

6748

56681

23993

3466

80856

1180

95293

67029

16218

1354

19094

107415

53607

7143

76023

25173

3157

66416

1943

116642

70918

13134

2786

19914

111984

61968

7286

81384

27102

2927

58867

1447

146839

68075

9537

3748

24161

112424

64575

7373

88035

29199

3503

50568

1591

167654

65056

6778

4870

35089

115265

67761

5953

83856

42323

4597

41831

1546

173018

59440

6648

6922

19577

136502

69372

3572

104968

22245

5134

21331

1968

200177

66322

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

-

122

11

574

334

22

1

-

-

-

-

Austria

82

2

5

1

1

1

4

3

5

6

3

Belgium

469

768

847

915

557

293

20

179

102

107

114

Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France

368

80

22

193

334

300

154

103

178

120

229

3467

2450

1927

1451

1409

948

913

956

807

830

530

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

24

5

13

1

2

-

-

-

3

3

3

1012

870

553

383

307

711

643

701

796

993

26

10197

7692

6038

2945

287

75

75

88

122

167

105

Greece

31

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hungary

103

-

-

-

420

183

53

211

269

251

154

Iceland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

628

747

451

201

130

123

229

220

215

239

276

Japan

600

2068

4055

1880

3428

2593

1674

1966

1382

944

935

Korea

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Luxembourg

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mexico

-

79

95

4

1

2

2

3

3

3

-

680

702

880

829

1025

562

358

810

566

227

77

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Norway

51

36

122

5

-

2

2

-

-

-

-

Poland

2780

1770

1639

3662

3331

3691

4624

6310

6337

6118

4809

Germany

Netherlands New Zealand

Portugal

16

-

-

11

74

80

-

-

-

-

-

Slovak Republic

-

13

23

-

58

59

138

138

140

183

164

Spain

2

3

11

42

81

744

610

1047

1053

624

199 274

Sweden

11

114

77

41

67

29

35

26

27

33

Switzerland

-

-

-

4

-

-

-

7

-

-

-

Turkey

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

665

1265

1163

435

264

381

119

168

257

185

146

1266

1879

1018

519

680

1039

1585

1466

1310

1777

1186

United Kingdom United States IEA Europe

20218

16437

13750

10926

8013

7882

7823

10864

10699

9966

6880

OECD Europe

20218

16437

13750

10926

8013

7882

7823

10864

10699

9966

6880

IEA North America

1634

1959

1040

712

1014

1339

1739

1569

1488

1897

1415

OECD North America

1634

2038

1135

716

1015

1341

1741

1572

1491

1900

1415

600

2190

4066

2454

3762

2615

1675

1966

1382

944

935

OECD Pacific IEA Total

22452

20586

18856

14092

12789

11836

11237

14399

13569

12807

9230

OECD Total

22452

20665

18951

14096

12790

11838

11239

14402

13572

12810

9230

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.41

4. PRICES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.43

Table 4.1: Japan coking coal import costs Total(1) (all sources) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Note:

58.39 60.72 60.61 57.86 55.39 51.91 55.03 56.39 55.19 50.98 42.95 39.46 41.13 42.14 41.73 61.40 88.80 93.10 88.43 184.13 198.40

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) Australia Canada USA 52.58 55.27 56.64 53.55 51.49 47.89 51.15 54.07 52.73 49.47 41.83 39.01 40.96 43.32 43.56 56.85 96.44 106.20 96.03 206.71 193.65

69.73 71.27 71.85 70.98 67.12 64.65 64.49 64.44 64.84 59.73 51.05 45.46 47.30 50.50 51.64 62.04 106.05 125.68 112.61 234.34 221.77

63.34 66.90 66.16 63.68 61.82 59.34 61.37 61.05 61.24 59.53 55.79 52.69 47.81 52.07 42.93 163.61 159.01 159.35 516.32 308.56 246.05

Africa

Russian(2) Federation

China

47.68 50.11 51.94 52.36 46.78 46.93 49.54 50.94 49.64 47.06 39.74 39.99 47.09 x x x x x x x x

54.65 57.45 56.86 55.80 54.37 51.80 54.81 57.21 57.09 54.63 45.17 43.62 45.52 45.59 46.05 67.98 114.96 116.69 105.45 250.90 189.24

52.08 54.38 53.22 51.66 50.52 47.03 49.49 51.88 49.98 46.78 40.01 37.12 39.35 38.97 39.09 72.57 100.45 91.98 100.91 256.42 200.21

South

PR of

It should be noted that as a result of the import coal classification system used by Japanese customs authorities, most imports of Indonesian coal are recorded by customs as coking coal even though most of the coal is not used in the metallurgical industry. As this coal has a lower unit value than coking coal reported in other categories, the data presented in the Total column in this table, from 1991 onwards, tend to understate the total average unit value of coals imported into Japan for metallurgical use. Prior to 1991, the volume of imports reported by customs in this manner was not so large as to significantly affect the total averages.

Table 4.2: EU coking coal import costs from selected countries

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total(1) (all sources) 58.09 65.01 61.75 60.95 55.82 55.97 58.49 59.74 57.99 54.53 48.97 47.88 53.56 56.63 59.61 78.12 109.61 125.86 125.73 197.84 187.29

(Average Unit Value, CIF, US$/t) Australia Canada USA 53.87 67.29 60.84 60.76 55.67 55.56 57.03 59.72 57.97 55.00 47.33 45.45 51.24 55.52 58.03 73.63 114.89 135.52 127.74 220.54 243.76

57.32 64.53 60.80 61.51 55.40 52.42 57.02 58.52 57.61 54.18 45.58 45.92 54.59 56.90 61.31 76.64 113.81 137.66 129.45 220.91 223.39

58.38 63.07 61.65 61.22 57.13 58.22 61.20 62.03 60.08 58.53 54.14 52.91 58.54 61.48 64.18 84.75 110.91 123.44 126.95 175.35 160.22

South Africa 36.57 58.81 51.55 50.54 48.21 44.13 49.65 47.44 43.31 35.83 36.21 39.09 42.10 38.69 39.20 61.31 71.77 66.18 96.82 141.18 81.99

Russian(2) Federation 53.49 57.44 51.33 47.95 36.22 46.11 56.00 59.88 54.93 51.08 57.96 42.02 58.89 58.11 47.45 86.41 86.05 81.34 92.15 147.83 108.78

Poland 56.77 63.98 59.20 59.64 54.09 53.55 59.26 61.11 61.02 52.52 47.48 50.43 51.58 50.15 62.24 108.71 138.92 118.82 139.47 245.85 137.24

(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Former Soviet Union prior to 1991. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 21 and Table 19)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 4.3: Japan steam coal import costs

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total(1) (all sources) 48.84 50.97 50.43 48.47 45.92 43.88 47.85 49.29 45.26 40.68 35.87 34.59 37.95 36.95 34.93 51.48 62.73 63.33 70.92 125.42 112.39

Australia 49.78 52.23 51.68 49.29 46.31 44.92 48.87 50.24 45.59 40.80 36.12 34.59 38.32 37.39 35.13 50.20 61.90 63.90 71.03 127.23 113.06

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) USA South Russian(2) 52.78 53.17 52.36 51.22 51.05 49.91 52.65 54.32 49.86 47.52 45.37 45.49 45.99 48.63 x 186.48 x 596.68 553.99 151.26 820.10

Africa 44.67 47.95 48.36 46.93 44.34 42.47 48.27 49.86 46.58 41.50 37.34 35.82 38.05 40.30 35.21 x 80.64 x 77.46 105.49 87.62

Federation 45.43 46.54 44.93 43.73 40.24 38.68 43.45 44.63 42.57 38.46 30.24 30.68 37.61 34.35 34.28 59.02 66.10 62.20 72.28 121.34 104.35

PR of

Canada

China 45.74 47.59 47.69 46.04 43.55 39.05 44.48 46.52 44.73 39.96 34.89 33.69 36.95 36.25 35.28 55.06 65.65 63.88 73.60 124.10 123.05

45.38 48.26 46.76 46.30 45.76 42.88 44.20 45.91 42.01 38.25 33.50 34.72 36.94 37.34 33.82 52.60 63.79 56.32 66.04 125.52 103.92

Table 4.4: EU steam coal import costs from selected countries

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total(1) (all sources) 49.26 52.64 50.69 48.59 37.99 40.35 47.51 45.62 43.52 39.72 34.43 35.22 42.96 38.69 41.94 61.91 71.27 69.80 82.21 137.79 99.74

Australia 48.07 52.03 49.14 50.07 38.85 40.74 45.06 48.25 46.38 40.03 36.68 39.04 44.13 43.28 46.83 69.05 106.40 109.71 103.73 184.75 149.29

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) USA South Russian(2) 53.40 54.69 51.51 50.69 46.96 46.05 49.12 48.03 48.47 46.99 40.67 41.07 46.52 43.48 47.37 61.50 86.75 82.08 97.50 138.40 107.28

Africa 42.67 45.18 45.31 42.48 32.86 36.18 43.76 42.23 40.33 36.30 31.78 33.83 42.32 36.65 39.10 58.00 67.64 66.24 80.25 142.07 95.66

Federation 44.19 44.69 42.54 39.50 24.10 36.67 42.55 42.48 39.84 37.23 30.96 33.59 42.16 36.79 42.22 65.14 68.46 67.93 79.03 131.62 91.25

PR of

Poland

Colombia

China 47.36 49.36 47.14 45.46 45.65 41.78 45.29 46.18 52.87 52.85 32.58 31.45 40.90 44.30 51.38 60.61 93.41 150.20 73.02 161.12 566.64

56.46 61.05 58.18 54.11 36.60 41.44 46.78 46.50 42.62 39.61 35.03 35.30 44.41 40.75 43.26 68.95 78.34 75.65 94.13 156.01 114.58

47.35 52.60 49.81 49.65 35.39 39.68 43.42 41.93 42.29 37.56 32.69 34.22 42.32 36.99 41.65 61.54 67.98 66.07 78.16 138.32 94.76

(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Former Soviet Union prior to 1991. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 16 and Table 14)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.45

Table 4.5: Steam coal export costs Exported from: To: 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Australia (FOB) Total Japan EU(1) 35.93 37.98 32.56 38.34 40.03 35.25 37.93 40.32 34.05 36.49 38.85 32.47 33.45 35.49 30.02 32.75 33.72 29.09 34.99 36.85 31.05 37.77 38.89 33.19 34.35 35.40 31.76 30.10 31.50 24.54 26.49 27.02 21.63 24.27 24.72 20.86 28.71 29.69 25.86 28.01 29.20 24.42 25.41 26.00 25.18 37.65 38.45 34.44 48.86 49.42 49.46 47.05 50.59 49.29 51.11 54.61 55.42 92.23 103.23 102.85 80.03 88.54 72.97

(Average Unit Value, US$/t) Canada United States (FAS) Total 37.71 40.37 40.35 38.15 34.61 31.51 32.90 35.67 32.44 30.24 25.72 24.99 26.01 28.11 35.75 44.75 53.23 45.24 50.51 97.37 84.45

Total 41.17 39.99 40.63 39.53 39.78 38.22 38.94 36.94 34.84 32.24 32.02 31.84 34.51 37.70 37.00 53.93 67.09 55.66 52.61 62.76 81.33

Japan 43.04 41.76 39.73 39.66 39.08 37.13 38.61 40.02 38.55 37.00 35.40 34.90 37.70 40.41 166.40 91.47 105.21 166.53 198.41 143.02 113.97

EU(1) 40.45 42.54 41.50 40.90 41.60 40.23 40.91 36.80 35.88 33.05 29.39 28.26 34.69 33.09 32.18 42.06 76.79 64.17 66.30 81.46 94.40

Colombia

Indonesia

Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31.81 33.84 30.51 27.25 26.99 31.36 30.09 36.41 59.55 51.89 51.92 57.76 120.27 48.26

Total .. 42.75 42.23 41.22 38.52 36.40 42.71 42.71 39.90 35.82 31.00 29.60 32.07 29.98 25.00 38.00 44.50 47.25 60.91 115.48 55.29

Colombia

Indonesia

S. Africa Total 29.36 30.53 30.19 29.53 25.38 23.89 29.20 30.63 31.47 26.37 22.77 22.63 28.59 25.82 24.47 32.77 46.46 45.90 51.06 88.19 60.99

Table 4.6: Coking coal export costs Exported from: To: 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Australia (FOB) Total Japan EU(1) 44.69 44.27 43.86 47.72 46.98 48.00 47.96 47.24 48.23 46.78 46.44 46.53 44.28 43.85 44.06 41.36 40.24 41.41 44.23 43.37 44.45 47.56 46.11 48.56 47.37 45.52 47.73 43.97 42.47 44.10 35.99 34.60 37.59 32.85 31.64 33.66 36.93 34.46 39.99 40.16 36.79 44.34 39.75 36.18 43.14 48.84 45.51 51.43 88.94 83.74 100.84 98.27 94.04 106.29 84.16 79.50 93.67 194.87 193.79 215.74 143.83 165.07 168.94

(Average Unit Value, US$/t) Canada United States (FAS) Total 56.41 59.23 57.37 57.08 52.73 48.03 48.76 51.52 50.04 46.15 38.19 34.01 43.03 43.90 44.59 51.37 96.26 109.29 98.44 209.51 194.92

Total Japan EU(1) 49.82 48.31 50.03 51.55 50.34 52.41 50.80 50.18 51.33 50.01 49.58 51.72 48.63 47.99 50.71 47.11 44.72 49.82 48.47 45.35 51.13 50.05 46.51 53.12 49.99 45.94 52.87 48.55 45.98 51.67 46.19 44.46 49.27 42.98 41.99 45.58 45.88 x 50.10 50.06 x 53.14 49.11 56.01 52.19 70.14 98.14 63.60 89.91 100.61 89.53 111.72 89.80 102.37 98.10 x 99.84 148.39 157.59 132.75 129.77 181.25 124.64

Total (2) .. .. 42.22 36.50 .. .. .. .. .. 31.97 31.26 33.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

S. Africa Total 37.37 38.84 43.31 40.35 41.16 37.48 39.66 39.68 37.72 31.39 34.38 32.09 37.81 32.43 27.91 43.15 53.00 54.94 67.93 114.58 95.04

(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Low ash bituminous; injection grade to Japanese steel mills Sources: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Tables 23 to 27) for Australia, Canada and the US, Latin America Coal & Power for Colombia prior to 2003, Indonesia Mineral and Coal Statistics 2004 for Indonesia prior to 2003, Coal Americas, Energy Publishing Inc. for Colombia and Indonesia 2003 onwards, Republic of S. Africa Minerals Bureau for South Africa prior to 2004, Xavier Provost, private consultant since 2004.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 4.7: Coking coal prices for industry (US$/tce) 1978

1980

1985

1990

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29.69 .. 63.67 62.70 .. .. .. 51.84 62.91 .. .. .. 69.79 72.47 .. .. .. 105.55 .. .. .. 175.90 27.50 68.57 64.11 .. 70.23 .. 48.94 2000

29.57 .. 66.51 64.82 .. .. .. 58.46 71.78 .. .. .. 69.57 73.35 .. .. .. 131.85 .. 116.19 .. 243.16 28.29 103.43 72.84 127.61 83.99 .. 61.20 2001

24.85 .. 60.40 54.01 44.30 .. .. 50.31 63.40 .. .. .. 62.38 66.24 .. .. .. 97.88 .. 72.51 .. 68.37 41.02 63.42 64.56 102.86 57.26 .. 59.10 2002

.. .. 61.72 .. 52.62 .. .. 62.62 63.02 .. .. .. 64.88 68.03 .. .. .. 154.34 .. 93.32 .. 52.51 56.55 .. .. .. 82.07 .. 52.01 2003

.. .. 54.21 .. 57.84 .. .. 58.42 56.65 .. .. .. 56.52 57.94 .. .. .. .. .. 80.55 54.93 37.60 .. .. .. .. 51.02 .. 50.66 2004

.. .. 57.55 .. 64.92 .. 101.01 59.55 60.34 .. .. .. 60.70 61.13 .. .. .. .. .. 89.69 60.05 43.92 .. .. .. .. 86.05 .. 51.52 2005

.. .. 57.49 .. 58.11 .. 101.95 58.50 60.96 .. .. .. 62.50 62.87 .. .. .. .. .. .. 56.20 45.25 .. .. .. .. 100.82 .. 51.52 2006

.. .. 57.58 .. 56.28 .. 106.56 55.72 60.05 .. .. .. 61.12 62.65 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.94 42.79 .. .. .. .. 110.65 .. 51.58 2007

.. .. 55.48 .. 58.08 .. 107.06 53.43 56.13 .. .. .. 59.26 58.61 .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.08 37.82 .. .. .. .. 94.11 .. 50.15 2008

.. .. 49.29 .. 56.79 .. 105.93 47.44 .. .. .. .. 52.70 49.64 .. .. .. .. .. .. 38.32 31.74 .. .. .. .. 70.90 .. 49.91 2009

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

.. .. 47.21 .. 50.73 .. 99.78 45.43 .. .. .. .. 53.26 45.29 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.10 31.67 .. .. .. .. 80.19 .. 48.41

.. .. 54.03 .. 55.32 .. 105.14 50.42 .. .. .. .. 58.22 46.93 .. .. .. .. .. .. 46.73 38.85 .. .. .. .. 71.75 .. 50.67

.. .. .. .. 65.73 .. 109.88 58.03 .. .. .. .. 60.99 48.88 .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.46 32.64 .. .. .. .. 86.26 .. 55.73

.. .. .. .. .. .. 126.04 59.67 .. .. .. .. 63.48 48.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. 51.92 38.73 .. .. .. .. 92.36 .. 55.15

.. .. .. .. .. .. 158.63 72.00 .. .. .. .. 81.00 69.33 72.66 .. .. .. .. .. 95.31 .. .. .. .. .. 118.78 .. 66.99

.. .. .. .. .. .. 196.65 106.19 .. .. .. .. 108.96 104.02 116.53 .. .. .. .. .. 114.57 .. .. .. .. .. 148.07 .. 91.26

.. .. .. .. .. .. 203.29 127.95 .. .. .. .. 117.95 112.09 120.23 .. .. .. .. .. 94.24 .. .. .. .. .. 161.57 .. 101.49

.. .. .. .. .. .. 225.89 119.55 .. .. .. .. 124.19 108.07 110.12 .. .. .. .. .. 111.17 .. .. .. .. .. 200.52 .. 103.44

.. .. .. .. .. .. 382.62 207.93 .. .. .. .. 199.90 220.66 247.02 .. .. .. .. .. 221.50 .. .. .. .. .. 258.70 .. 128.62

.. .. .. .. .. .. 286.13 197.67 .. .. .. .. 152.00 207.53 169.43 .. .. .. .. .. 125.60 .. .. .. .. .. 269.73 .. 155.77

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.47

Table 4.8: Steam coal prices for industry (US$/tce) 1978

1980

1985

1990

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

.. 90.20 29.62 43.98 .. 76.39 51.74 61.82 98.52 93.42 .. .. 70.05 71.23 .. .. .. 57.76 36.23 39.79 .. .. 7.88 .. 77.55 68.81 .. 49.74 36.26 2000

.. 119.83 42.87 42.74 .. 95.46 77.80 107.40 120.31 119.98 50.47 .. 56.68 74.99 32.73 .. .. 62.94 41.62 62.32 .. .. 8.51 .. 93.41 95.71 86.47 91.28 41.85 2001

27.23 65.63 54.28 50.08 19.06 81.93 57.34 89.61 98.18 .. 57.76 .. 56.50 66.49 40.62 .. .. 60.33 .. 45.67 .. .. 11.70 .. 69.90 70.26 51.63 72.98 44.31 2002

.. 78.84 55.41 .. 24.44 119.94 72.35 128.20 185.76 .. 100.92 .. 58.84 70.53 61.03 .. .. 62.74 .. 53.13 .. .. 15.25 .. 92.56 72.45 79.67 88.51 40.00 2003

.. 70.46 .. .. 27.50 74.21 65.45 129.90 200.20 .. .. .. 51.12 57.78 53.72 .. .. .. .. 45.45 44.62 .. .. .. .. 55.73 52.26 68.61 38.76 2004

.. 82.29 .. .. 31.30 84.94 96.93 145.13 .. .. .. .. 57.35 62.00 56.01 .. .. .. .. .. 51.77 .. .. .. .. 71.06 58.81 65.61 38.59 2005

.. 74.31 .. .. 29.84 .. 89.18 142.46 .. .. .. .. 55.92 63.93 53.71 .. .. .. .. .. 52.50 .. .. .. .. 69.84 60.50 61.64 38.45 2006

.. 64.91 .. .. 27.73 .. 98.95 125.17 .. .. 62.66 .. 53.73 59.78 45.46 .. .. .. .. .. 50.53 47.43 35.95 .. .. 59.54 63.09 62.89 38.59 2007

.. 64.72 .. .. 29.43 .. 97.05 126.61 .. .. 66.26 .. 46.24 53.76 33.38 .. .. .. .. .. 57.85 35.69 35.36 .. .. 58.75 61.75 64.98 38.42 2008

.. 56.93 .. .. 28.33 .. 97.39 121.78 .. .. .. .. 37.90 47.47 49.56 .. .. .. .. .. 49.23 32.14 31.85 .. .. 55.12 57.96 62.93 37.60 2009

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

.. 54.73 .. .. 26.96 .. 89.47 105.48 .. .. .. .. 43.46 45.68 58.36 .. .. .. .. .. 48.83 37.98 .. .. .. 60.13 53.26 59.32 37.77

.. 56.42 .. .. 28.43 .. 97.40 107.49 .. .. .. .. 50.90 49.69 51.13 .. .. .. .. .. 54.39 46.43 .. .. .. 68.67 52.41 63.69 39.02

.. 75.33 .. .. 33.87 .. 96.68 109.32 .. .. .. .. 47.01 48.29 52.96 .. .. .. .. .. 50.23 39.74 .. .. .. 61.64 69.46 65.08 39.97

.. 87.64 .. .. .. .. 113.53 130.49 .. .. .. .. 48.09 45.29 58.42 .. .. .. .. .. 56.63 47.00 .. .. .. 75.26 73.39 70.29 40.73

.. 171.25 .. .. .. .. 140.81 .. .. .. .. .. 72.13 67.16 57.88 .. .. .. .. .. 65.40 .. .. .. .. 110.08 67.16 86.76 46.79

.. 178.69 .. .. .. .. 146.63 .. .. .. .. .. 83.23 81.25 66.77 .. .. .. .. .. 71.39 .. .. .. .. 110.03 78.71 99.65 56.31

.. 181.33 .. .. .. .. 149.81 .. .. .. .. .. 78.59 87.10 61.12 .. .. .. .. .. 81.68 .. .. .. .. 111.25 79.99 99.17 61.57

.. 203.12 .. .. .. .. 166.59 .. .. .. .. .. 97.48 97.98 75.29 .. .. .. .. .. 96.83 .. .. .. .. 145.85 115.02 113.43 64.85

.. 249.48 .. .. .. .. 249.09 .. .. .. .. .. 163.22 167.62 124.80 .. .. .. .. .. 135.19 .. .. .. .. 252.48 152.51 116.05 75.60

.. 243.28 .. .. .. .. 192.19 .. .. .. .. .. 129.51 151.91 94.12 .. .. .. .. .. 119.04 .. .. .. .. 160.86 139.04 105.90 77.31

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 4.9: Steam coal prices for electricity generation (US$/tce) 1978

1980

1985

1990

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10.83 173.19 53.08 37.88 10.29 .. 51.74 .. 83.97 .. .. .. 41.32 90.58 .. .. .. 40.99 .. .. .. 31.26 4.30 42.60 50.00 .. .. 52.18 29.96 2000

14.47 176.96 62.51 48.61 11.54 55.86 77.80 56.31 100.08 .. 33.66 .. 57.37 90.23 .. .. 33.41 63.99 .. .. 3.31 44.39 4.81 69.75 91.90 .. 49.88 91.65 36.39 2001

19.11 75.95 65.42 .. 15.70 56.88 57.34 43.58 82.45 .. 38.53 84.91 57.38 77.86 .. .. 42.39 65.72 .. .. 16.93 65.23 6.55 50.82 50.43 .. 33.65 72.71 43.67 2002

29.05 80.98 59.60 61.02 20.49 .. 72.35 57.35 141.95 .. 90.60 63.11 67.72 101.84 .. .. 48.20 71.37 .. .. 17.03 58.90 8.61 .. .. .. 31.85 96.27 38.52 2003

.. 76.78 52.55 .. 22.79 .. 65.45 49.21 143.31 .. .. 46.30 64.15 89.58 .. .. 47.79 .. .. .. 41.21 44.63 .. .. .. .. 46.35 68.90 35.58 2004

.. .. 57.28 .. 26.48 .. 96.93 55.34 163.77 .. .. 53.27 65.27 92.27 .. .. 39.17 .. .. .. 43.52 50.80 .. .. .. .. 62.46 68.61 34.58 2005

.. .. 59.85 .. 27.10 .. 89.18 54.15 56.55 .. .. 57.53 67.66 87.88 .. .. 36.19 .. .. .. 41.72 51.69 .. .. .. .. 62.04 68.06 33.82 2006

.. .. 55.95 .. 24.42 .. 59.94 53.83 49.61 .. .. 51.66 63.14 74.99 .. .. 41.14 .. .. .. 40.84 48.20 24.33 .. .. .. 54.68 68.44 33.40 2007

.. .. 44.82 .. 26.02 .. 49.45 46.68 47.17 .. .. 41.07 56.89 63.46 .. .. 39.66 .. .. .. 44.20 41.25 23.73 .. .. .. 55.64 61.89 32.86 2008

.. .. 39.63 .. 26.43 .. 45.31 43.11 42.45 .. .. 34.88 .. 55.83 .. .. 44.02 .. .. .. 39.56 36.10 20.47 .. .. .. 54.01 58.20 31.92 2009

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

.. 56.94 42.95 20.54 21.88 .. 44.40 41.98 42.94 .. .. 34.26 .. 51.42 .. .. 48.69 .. .. .. 38.86 34.67 .. .. .. .. 50.45 55.02 31.51

.. 48.41 49.46 21.27 22.10 .. 53.62 51.04 52.51 .. .. 39.99 .. 53.65 .. .. 51.94 .. .. .. 43.31 44.23 .. .. .. .. 35.92 57.50 32.33

.. 55.78 45.21 22.02 23.40 .. 50.59 48.35 46.27 .. .. 42.37 .. 49.77 .. .. 51.56 .. .. .. 44.13 37.06 .. .. .. .. 53.19 55.10 32.91

.. 68.29 47.13 24.15 .. .. 55.49 47.85 50.64 .. .. 40.16 43.38 .. .. .. 49.13 .. .. .. 49.33 44.00 .. .. .. .. 66.45 56.85 33.33

.. 86.09 95.02 23.34 .. .. 76.99 71.64 70.87 .. .. 75.99 70.11 .. 50.51 .. 56.83 .. .. .. 54.89 65.92 .. .. .. .. 90.65 73.98 35.48

.. 92.70 105.36 28.16 .. .. 82.82 84.41 80.73 .. .. 79.21 83.45 .. 58.44 .. 62.69 .. .. .. 65.19 77.51 .. .. .. .. 88.29 81.19 40.50

.. 98.23 82.93 30.19 .. .. 85.36 82.15 78.92 .. .. 69.22 79.24 .. 54.73 .. 64.79 .. .. .. 69.75 66.84 .. .. .. .. 86.87 86.73 44.47

.. 101.93 99.07 31.97 .. .. 96.21 94.53 91.38 .. .. 94.31 100.83 .. 63.96 .. 70.26 .. .. .. 79.21 87.61 .. .. .. .. 97.12 102.00 46.45

.. 129.35 171.19 .. .. .. 164.25 153.44 154.47 .. .. 112.40 169.04 .. 96.49 .. 80.19 .. .. .. 110.19 162.01 .. .. .. .. 113.22 148.68 54.32

.. 127.50 100.77 .. .. .. 111.56 128.44 111.47 .. .. 128.53 122.09 .. 87.54 .. 78.20 .. .. .. 112.62 93.32 .. .. .. .. 112.43 105.08 57.97

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.49

5. COAL FOR OTHER USES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.51

Table 5.1: OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity, 1990 to 2008 (GW) 1990 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

24.92 1.89 4.90 19.24 12.11 7.54 5.79 14.23 42.73 3.89 2.24 .. 0.87 9.03 40.47 .. 0.09 1.20 3.77 1.09 0.05 25.99 1.47 .. 10.41 .. 0.01 5.58 41.17 307.96

Coal 2006 29.37 2.47 2.10 .. 11.53 5.87 7.82 .. .. 4.81 1.45 .. 0.88 9.69 58.89 21.64 .. 5.38 .. 1.11 0.07 28.48 2.04 1.78 .. .. 0.21 10.67 31.19 315.21

2007

2008

1990

29.42 2.20 .. .. 11.51 6.17 7.84 .. .. 4.81 1.37 .. 0.85 9.50 58.13 23.97 .. 5.43 .. 1.12 0.07 28.45 2.11 1.51 .. .. 0.28 10.67 31.40 315.05

30.17 3.07 .. .. 11.58 5.92 7.80 .. .. 4.81 1.29 .. 0.86 10.32 60.02 27.40 .. 5.59 .. 1.12 0.07 28.37 2.13 1.50 .. .. 0.26 10.66 29.99 315.32

38.45 16.69 14.14 104.14 15.28 9.14 13.22 103.41 97.75 8.51 7.18 0.94 3.81 56.56 194.73 .. 1.24 28.27 17.56 7.18 27.13 27.97 7.40 .. 43.42 34.19 16.56 16.32 73.21 733.59

Total 2006 51.22 19.38 16.26 123.95 17.51 13.02 16.56 115.72 131.58 13.57 8.62 1.73 6.44 89.49 278.71 70.08 1.66 53.80 22.98 8.81 29.52 32.36 14.46 8.22 81.24 34.13 19.12 40.57 83.62 986.95

2007

2008

53.19 19.44 16.38 126.38 17.56 12.61 16.70 116.55 134.07 13.69 8.54 2.36 7.49 93.60 279.15 73.37 1.66 56.23 23.80 9.39 30.32 32.50 14.99 7.35 88.67 34.30 19.22 40.84 84.50 995.88

55.51 20.80 16.76 127.64 17.74 12.50 16.65 117.82 139.28 14.25 8.63 2.57 7.40 98.63 280.53 79.86 1.67 57.23 24.88 9.38 30.79 32.68 15.76 7.36 93.53 33.94 19.40 41.82 85.61 1011.60

Note: Includes multi-fired units. Note: Includes autoproducers for all countries except Japan. Note: For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Information

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Table 5.2: OECD coal and peat use for electricity production and heat sold (Mtce)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

19.7 1.2 3.9 11.9 11.9 2.3 1.7 14.8 104.1 2.0 5.8 0.9 1.9 17.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.5 52.9 0.3 2.7 4.3 0.1 1.8 65.0 309.9

28.8 1.2 5.5 21.5 15.5 8.0 4.9 24.4 115.8 3.8 6.9 0.8 6.0 15.0 1.2 0.2 2.6 0.2 77.0 0.1 4.1 11.2 0.1 2.6 74.3 417.2

33.7 1.7 5.3 28.3 16.5 9.7 4.5 15.0 123.1 6.9 6.0 1.2 9.9 29.9 6.9 0.2 1.0 5.3 0.3 82.9 0.3 4.1 17.2 1.9 6.0 61.4 501.8

41.3 2.4 6.5 30.0 20.5 8.1 4.7 12.0 115.4 9.8 4.5 2.6 11.4 36.3 8.5 0.2 2.6 8.3 0.3 74.9 2.9 3.3 20.3 1.6 7.8 68.3 565.7

46.3 2.0 6.3 31.3 21.3 8.7 5.9 9.6 103.2 10.1 4.0 3.0 8.8 51.5 16.9 0.1 4.8 9.1 0.4 60.0 4.2 3.1 21.9 1.4 10.5 49.7 636.7

60.0 2.0 4.7 39.7 20.9 5.2 4.9 10.9 98.8 11.7 4.1 2.7 9.6 69.1 33.7 6.8 7.9 0.7 56.2 4.6 2.4 26.7 1.1 14.1 41.1 716.5

68.0 2.9 3.8 35.0 20.6 5.9 8.5 9.2 103.2 12.4 3.7 2.4 16.4 86.0 50.1 8.3 8.5 1.7 56.6 4.6 2.5 25.6 1.5 12.1 44.6 702.6

71.9 2.6 3.5 35.6 20.1 4.9 4.8 10.3 97.2 12.4 3.1 2.7 16.1 89.7 51.9 11.4 8.0 2.1 56.4 4.8 2.5 25.7 1.2 13.5 46.0 718.7

74.0 2.6 3.2 36.0 20.1 7.6 8.5 8.9 99.4 11.4 2.9 2.5 19.1 87.5 54.0 10.1 7.7 2.0 58.4 4.7 2.4 22.0 1.2 16.2 50.5 706.9

70.8 2.4 3.1 35.6 22.0 6.3 7.9 9.6 103.1 11.9 3.1 2.3 16.7 91.7 54.5 10.9 8.3 1.1 57.0 3.9 2.2 25.1 1.1 19.0 46.3 717.5

71.9 2.1 2.7 33.3 20.6 5.5 5.7 8.7 95.5 11.4 3.0 2.3 16.6 86.4 61.4 7.6 7.8 1.7 54.9 3.5 2.1 16.1 1.2 20.5 42.2 707.3

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

279.3 279.3 321.7 321.8 37.8

364.9 364.9 438.7 438.7 45.2

378.9 378.9 530.1 531.0 70.8

385.8 385.8 595.8 598.3 86.4

342.9 342.9 668.0 672.8 115.1

329.7 329.7 756.2 763.1 163.4

345.1 345.1 737.6 745.9 205.8

335.8 335.8 754.3 765.7 215.5

349.4 349.4 742.9 753.1 217.5

351.2 351.2 753.1 764.0 218.1

322.3 322.3 740.6 748.1 221.4

IEA Total OECD Total

638.8 638.9

848.8 848.8

979.7 980.7

1068.0 1070.6

1126.0 1130.8

1249.4 1256.3

1288.5 1296.9

1305.6 1317.0

1309.8 1320.0

1322.4 1333.3

1284.2 1291.8

Note: Note: Note: Note: Note:

"Coal" refers to all coal types, primary (including hard and brown coal), and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas) as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce units using calorific values largely submitted in annual questionnaires to the IEA Secretariat by OECD member countries. For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.53

Table 5.3: OECD coal use in coke ovens* (million tonnes)

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Total OECD Total

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

9.5 2.3 9.9 7.7 18.6 15.3 46.3 0.5 1.6 10.4 62.3 0.4 2.8 3.4 0.4 21.6 0.4 2.8 6.4 0.7 2.0 24.0 87.3

7.0 2.4 7.9 7.3 12.2 14.6 38.7 0.4 1.4 11.2 65.7 4.0 4.0 3.7 0.4 25.3 0.3 2.1 5.2 1.7 2.6 13.5 60.5

5.5 2.4 7.8 6.3 10.6 11.3 31.5 0.9 10.1 67.6 7.0 3.8 4.1 0.4 20.5 0.4 2.5 4.9 1.6 3.7 9.7 37.2

5.9 2.3 7.2 5.0 8.5 0.7 9.5 24.1 1.0 8.6 65.2 11.7 2.9 3.8 18.2 0.3 2.9 4.5 1.5 4.7 10.1 35.3

5.9 1.9 4.7 4.2 6.6 1.7 7.7 13.7 1.4 6.7 60.8 14.1 2.7 4.0 15.4 0.5 2.4 3.3 1.6 4.2 8.1 29.9

4.8 1.9 3.9 4.2 4.6 1.3 6.5 11.4 1.3 6.4 57.4 16.4 2.7 3.0 12.3 0.5 2.2 3.6 1.8 4.2 8.2 26.0

5.1 1.9 3.6 4.4 4.6 1.3 5.9 10.3 0.8 4.8 59.0 16.0 2.4 3.1 0.8 13.6 2.4 3.9 1.8 4.3 5.5 18.9

5.4 1.9 3.4 4.3 4.3 1.3 5.8 10.2 0.8 5.1 59.4 15.4 2.4 3.2 0.8 11.2 2.4 3.6 1.8 4.2 5.6 18.4

4.7 1.9 3.7 4.3 4.3 1.2 5.9 10.4 1.3 5.8 59.9 15.1 2.5 3.0 0.8 12.8 2.4 3.7 2.2 4.7 5.9 18.6

4.6 1.9 3.4 4.3 4.1 1.2 6.0 10.4 1.5 5.9 59.7 15.5 2.5 3.1 0.8 13.5 2.4 3.7 2.0 4.4 5.9 18.2

4.5 1.9 2.8 4.3 4.3 1.2 6.0 10.3 1.4 5.6 56.6 16.8 2.5 3.1 0.7 13.1 2.2 3.5 2.0 5.5 5.9 20.0

333.5 336.3

288.1 292.1

246.0 249.8

231.2 234.0

199.0 201.7

181.8 184.5

172.1 174.5

168.5 170.9

172.5 175.1

172.6 175.2

171.7 174.3

* For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

Table 5.4: World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals

Australia Belgium France Germany Italy Japan Korea Netherlands Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Colombia India Russian Federation Total World

(thousand tonnes) 2001 2002

1990

1995

2000

.. 513 1310 1730 170 5252 .. 680 219 .. 210 .. 767 200 487 .. ..

.. 859 2305 1843 1230 8286 2181 845 313 .. 245 .. 585 2300 443 .. ..

.. 1458 2462 2530 1198 10936 3031 1040 390 681 277 .. 456 2924e 231 2111 319

.. 1040 2251 2293 1139 11165 3741 1203 511 764 462 .. 764 2836e 231 2119 309

11538

21435

30044

30828

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

.. 824 2506 2287 996 11045 4663 1240 427 689 487 .. 726 2563 215 2328 238

655 712 2439 3060 1223 11097 5005 1330 404 542 471 .. 882 2501 336 2428 259

807 642 2534 2641 1628 10416 5065e 1468 412 649 548 .. 895 2405 231 2059 410

881 522 2936 2770 1678 10440 5481 1522 388 717 506 .. 1039 1519 233 2160 2683

790 514 3193 2975 1818 10670 5852 1324 470 511 493 .. 1121 1814 198 2266 2841

808 450 3110 3115 1030 11594 6284 1593 468 769 532 293 1242 1959 198 2377 3500

825 478 2636 3071 1102 9705 6997 1353 406 661 515 444 1170 2482 255 2493 3996

31234

33344

32810

35475

36850

39322

38589

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.55

6. CHARTS

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.57

Figure 1: World steam and coking coal production (million tonnes) 7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Hard coal

Steam coal

Coking coal

Figure 2: World steam and coking coal trade (million tonnes) 800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Steam coal exports

Coking coal exports

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.58 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Figure 3: Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) 250

200

150

100

50

0

CIF Japan

CIF EU member states

Figure 4: Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

CIF Japan

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

CIF EU member states

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.59

Figure 5: Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

US domestic

US FOB

Figure 6: Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (million tonnes)

45

160

40

140

120

30 100 25 80

US$/t

Million tonnes

35

20 60 15 40

10 5

20

0

0

US export volume

CIF EU member states

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Figure 7: OECD total primary energy supply (Mtce)

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1973

1980

1990

Coal

Oil

2000

Gas

2006

Nuclear

2007

Hydro

2008

Others

Figure 8: OECD coal consumption and indicators 2005=100

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

GDP

Industrial production

Coal supply

Electricity generation

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Total TPES

2009e

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.61

Figure 9: Japan steam coal supply, Imports, GDP annual growth rates 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15%

Steam coal import

Steam coal supply

GDP

Figure 10: EU member states steam coal supply, Imports, GDP annual growth rates

25%

5%

20%

4%

2%

% change

10%

1% 5% 0% 0% -1% -5%

% change GDP

3%

15%

-2%

-10%

-3%

-15%

-4%

-20%

-5%

Steam coal import

Steam coal supply

GDP

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III

Figure 11: Hard coal production by region (million tonnes) 6500 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e

Europe

Former Soviet Union

North America

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

Figure 12: Hard coal consumption by region (million tonnes)

6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e

Europe

Former Soviet Union

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

North America

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.63

Figure 13: Hard coal imports by region (million tonnes) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e

Europe

Former Soviet Union

North America

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

Figure 14: Hard coal exports by region (million tonnes)

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e

Europe

Former Soviet Union

North America

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.1

PART IV DETAILED OECD COAL DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.3

DIRECTORY OF PART IV FIGURES AND TABLES Part IV of Coal Information contains detailed statistical information on coal for 30 of 311 Member countries of the OECD and for regional aggregates (OECD Total, OECD North America, OECD/IEA Pacific, OECD Europe, IEA Total, IEA North America, IEA Europe). The figures and tables of regional aggregates are presented before the country tables which are set out in alphabetical order. Data for each OECD and IEA region and country are illustrated in figures at the beginning of each section. This is followed by detailed statistical information presented in several tables for each region and country.

lated as weighted average of available price data in the region and therefore prices shown should be considered only indicative. Consumption is used as weight. Data are converted from unit prices to tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) using the country specific calorific values.

Tables: 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel 2. Energy supply, GDP and population 3. Coal production by type

Figures:

4. Final consumption of energy by fuel 5. Coal balance

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Total primary energy supply by fuel Coal supply indicators Primary coal supply Coal consumption Electricity generation by fuel CO2 emissions by fuel

It should be noted that not all tables are shown for all countries. For example, in the case where a country has no or very few coal exports, the related tables (on volumes and values) are omitted. The content of current figures and tables is described below. In each table, hard coal is the sum of coking coal and steam coal. Data for 2009 are provisional with the exception of Tables 7, 12 and 13 where data for 2009 are final. US$ refers to dollars used in the United States of America. Prices for regional totals are calcu-

6. Use of coal for selected end-uses 7. Fuel prices to end users 8. Coal trade by type of coal 9. Hard coal imports by origin 10. Coking coal exports by destination 11. Steam coal exports by destination 12. Coal import values by origin 13. Coal export values by destination Interpreting energy data and comparing statistics between countries is made difficult by differences in definitions used by countries in the collection and reporting of data. In Part I, such differences are explained. The conventions used by the Secretariat in presenting energy data are also reported. In particular, readers are strongly advised to read the country notes. Conversion factors are also included for reference.

1 Chile became an OECD member on the 7th of May 2010, so is not included in any OECD aggregate data for the 2010 Edition, or present as an individual country in Part IV of Coal Information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.5

OECD TOTAL* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 9000

140

8000

120

7000

100

6000 80

5000 4000

60

3000

40

2000

20

1000 0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1800

1800

1600

1600

1400

1400

1200

1200

1000

1000

800

800

600

600

400

400

200

200

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12000

14000

10000

12000 10000

8000

8000 6000 6000 4000

4000

2000

2000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

5320.45 1204.78 2792.51 1008.33 122.91 70.31 112.09 8.68 0.07 0.77 -

5787.08 1378.59 2761.05 1110.34 155.47 231.79 133.26 14.55 0.10 1.93 -

6398.71 1525.49 2642.63 1199.47 201.22 642.87 143.71 37.69 2.67 2.88 0.08

7476.94 1548.79 2985.55 1642.76 249.64 835.63 161.92 43.37 8.30 0.38 0.59

7843.04 1650.45 3003.85 1803.35 315.41 846.26 154.87 43.26 24.50 0.38 0.72

7746.33 1611.55 2907.71 1815.69 327.80 846.17 161.24 43.76 30.17 1.36 0.87

7387.88 1455.38 2745.58 1786.16 328.34 832.10 158.11 45.07 34.78 1.51 0.86

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.09 1.40 -0.32 1.03 2.94 13.90 1.47 9.02 24.04 8.03 -

1.07 0.31 0.53 2.33 2.75 1.54 0.64 0.83 14.41 -4.07 13.98

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 12210 0.44 902.3 5.90 151.4 165.5 96.9 4454 ..

1980 14786 0.39 964.9 6.00 136.0 156.4 100.9 5644 60.7

1990 20022 0.32 1042.7 6.14 111.0 127.8 100.1 7560 77.0

2000 25979 0.29 1126.8 6.64 100.0 100.0 100.0 9614 100.0

2007 30371 0.26 1181.9 6.64 89.7 91.2 95.8 10658 112.4

2008 30504 0.25 1189.8 6.51 88.2 88.6 95.4 10676 110.4

2009e 29769 0.25 1195.9 6.18 86.2 82.0 .. 10230 97.3

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.95 2.37 -1.81 -1.27 0.85 0.74 0.24 0.33 -1.81 -1.27 -1.51 -2.01 0.19 -0.27 3.16 1.94 2.02

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

290.52 740.20 213.08 2.30

304.93 845.73 230.24 2.67

281.49 968.82 265.66 4.96

229.11 932.60 207.60 3.38

247.88 1009.81 207.15 2.62

250.56 1018.14 206.74 2.93

218.95 967.81 197.19 4.05

-0.26 2.27 1.85 6.61

-0.64 0.28 -1.38 -2.88

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

296.47 890.40 666.16 8.05

310.10 1025.03 699.43 9.34

282.54 1173.13 806.24 14.68

235.27 1159.32 614.12 10.36

258.07 1258.28 621.84 7.76

261.33 1270.74 615.96 8.68

228.20 1205.21 586.63 11.90

-0.40 2.32 1.60 5.13

-0.43 0.44 -1.48 -2.88

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.7

OECD TOTAL 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

4007.61 407.60 2253.24 736.48 118.56 0.51 461.64 29.59

4185.43 354.80 2237.25 812.12 147.30 0.73 0.04 582.27 50.93

4399.85 330.17 2255.41 843.01 126.39 2.96 2.04 782.24 57.62

5150.18 199.10 2615.69 1060.32 183.91 3.98 4.41 1013.94 68.85

5351.43 197.94 2705.73 1022.24 207.93 5.04 4.52 1110.69 97.34

5371.27 199.21 2672.92 1048.77 219.78 5.22 4.93 1135.15 85.29

5279.83 192.98 2573.80 1053.41 228.81 5.54 5.26 1135.68 84.37

0.55 -1.23 0.01 0.80 0.38 10.94 3.15 4.00

1.02 -2.94 0.74 1.25 3.35 3.54 5.39 2.09 2.14

1363.80 255.60 444.57 362.46 60.03 0.04 225.58 15.52

1339.52 225.97 395.06 360.98 70.11 0.04 265.33 22.05

1171.67 227.41 237.31 321.76 50.73 0.38 0.01 314.39 19.68

1286.99 171.11 202.22 399.95 98.58 0.44 0.14 391.54 23.01

1253.29 169.18 197.76 360.27 102.46 0.42 0.18 380.28 42.74

1257.24 169.65 184.89 374.21 104.35 0.41 0.18 386.80 36.73

1213.45 156.80 177.85 361.57 100.76 0.42 0.18 380.72 35.14

-0.89 -0.68 -3.63 -0.70 -0.98 13.75 1.97 1.41

0.19 -2.04 -1.59 0.65 3.89 0.54 16.70 1.07 3.27

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

989.04 10.30 946.90 24.28

1112.59 3.64 1076.08 24.22

1333.94 0.40 1295.84 26.68

1623.58 0.14 1574.63 29.96

1734.45 0.14 1666.39 29.76

1754.19 0.14 1675.93 31.58

1701.39 0.15 1611.64 31.84

1.78 -17.38 1.86 0.56

1.36 -5.18 1.22 0.99

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 7.55 781.07 95.33 282.44 220.01

0.00 8.64 791.21 83.53 213.05 256.00

0.01 11.01 844.52 63.67 170.12 286.17

5.76 13.10 980.09 19.24 181.04 368.11

24.40 13.76 991.84 18.41 154.76 372.10

32.80 13.74 994.36 17.65 138.71 378.19

43.93 13.82 1013.55 21.66 142.02 387.14

5.41 2.24 0.46 -2.35 -2.94 1.56

x 1.27 1.02 -5.82 -1.00 1.69

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

38.88 0.42 132.92 11.07 406.50 24.34 186.43 104.05

41.23 0.64 0.04 177.30 19.42 419.44 26.26 151.20 113.78

53.46 1.38 1.91 240.89 26.92 502.64 22.91 120.00 144.48

71.72 2.22 3.99 305.17 28.61 618.02 4.32 117.43 187.43

72.18 2.99 3.97 345.62 21.81 670.38 5.24 107.33 197.99

73.48 3.16 4.33 352.60 26.24 678.72 5.18 96.90 203.16

74.68 3.42 4.61 353.79 26.24 694.45 6.93 99.28 211.95

1.89 7.32 3.56 5.36 1.26 -0.36 -2.56 1.95

1.87 5.15 5.02 2.16 -0.14 1.81 -6.42 -1.05 2.15

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.16 0.02 89.29 1.21 314.77 4.42 302.45 7.90

1.54 0.02 123.43 3.21 347.64 3.27 320.08 24.30

0.52 0.22 0.09 206.14 8.28 412.60 3.51 358.97 50.12

3.77 0.78 0.17 293.36 10.76 527.32 2.30 466.03 58.99

6.23 1.07 0.30 341.32 10.90 550.13 2.98 505.02 42.13

6.40 1.09 0.33 350.60 15.05 552.83 4.83 504.53 43.47

6.69 1.16 0.37 352.22 15.85 519.73 4.67 472.14 42.93

-4.61 15.84 5.04 12.01 1.60 -1.35 1.01 11.48

15.26 9.65 8.01 3.02 3.67 1.29 1.59 1.53 -0.86

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1169.0 173.9 -158.7 20.6

1383.6 236.0 -214.9 -26.0

1520.9 312.6 -286.5 -21.5

1372.7 427.5 -308.0 56.6

1467.5 546.1 -361.5 -1.6

1478.4 544.7 -386.3 -25.2

1388.0 475.3 -367.1 -40.8

1.6 3.5 3.5 x

-0.2 3.1 1.7 x

Primary supply

1204.8

1378.6

1525.5

1548.8

1650.4

1611.6

1455.4

1.4

0.3

Statistical difference

21.2

-20.7

3.0

22.5

-13.3

-18.7

..

x

x

Total transformation

-781.2

-974.9

-1176.4

-1352.1

-1415.9

-1378.2

..

2.4

0.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-638.9 -617.8 -21.1

-848.8 -785.3 -63.6

-1070.6 -1003.3 -67.3

-1256.3 -1202.9 -53.4

-1333.3 -1289.1 -44.2

-1291.8 -1249.2 -42.6

.. .. ..

3.1 2.9 7.1

1.0 1.2 -2.5

Autoproducers Gas works

-12.0

-8.6

-6.3

-3.6

-3.2

-3.4

..

-3.7

-3.3

-130.4 2.2 -93.7 -38.1 -0.8

-117.4 1.4 -80.0 -38.9 0.1

-99.6 -0.8 -76.7 -17.5 -4.6

-92.3 -0.2 -78.1 -14.0 -0.0

-79.4 -0.2 -74.4 -10.7 5.9

-82.9 -0.2 -70.7 -12.1 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.2 -4.5 11.2

-1.0 -7.4 -0.5 -2.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-33.8

-26.7

-21.1

-19.0

-20.8

-20.4

..

-2.7

-0.2

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.3

-1.3

..

x

x

407.6

354.8

330.2

199.1

199.2

193.0

..

-1.2

-2.9

255.6 132.7 26.4 20.3 11.6

226.0 105.6 24.7 32.1 11.2

227.4 82.5 28.0 41.3 16.2

171.1 63.8 18.2 35.8 8.2

169.7 61.2 16.1 32.3 10.7

156.8 60.6 16.5 30.4 11.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.7 -2.8 0.3 4.3 2.0

-2.0 -1.7 -2.9 -1.7 -2.1

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

10.3

3.6

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.2

..

-17.4

-5.2

137.3 24.3 95.3

121.9 26.3 83.5

98.9 22.9 63.7

25.5 4.3 19.2

24.6 5.2 17.7

31.4 6.9 21.7

.. .. ..

-1.9 -0.4 -2.3

-6.2 -6.4 -5.8

4.4

3.3

3.5

2.3

4.8

4.7

..

-1.3

1.6

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.9

OECD TOTAL 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

913.64 701.37 651.67 49.70 25.21 2.40 0.01 1.83 92.99 9.59 13.82 27.16 9.02 33.41 57.64 0.08

1207.55 1010.35 961.19 49.16 22.83 5.97 3.76 0.41 119.21 8.00 22.55 41.80 15.79 31.07 35.26 0.33

1374.68 1238.17 1204.69 33.47 2.06 13.25 9.69 101.02 8.26 17.49 36.50 8.53 30.24 18.19 0.34

1500.82 1227.85 1201.04 26.81 122.25 14.18 9.71 96.26 10.08 14.83 31.67 11.37 28.31 17.34 0.68

1507.32 1257.47 1231.81 25.66 96.99 14.05 10.21 100.30 10.39 14.80 32.10 11.70 31.31 17.28 0.52

1529.52 1245.94 1219.64 26.29 130.12 14.84 10.00 103.04 10.18 14.50 33.00 11.33 34.03 17.99 1.91

1499.74 1340.81 1314.95 25.86 2.63 12.85 10.21 93.94 9.55 15.89 31.30 11.87 25.33 23.11 1.62

2.35 3.09 3.29 -0.09 -0.82 7.88 73.63 -11.75 2.09 -1.50 4.17 3.66 4.78 -0.60 -4.01 12.80

1.21 1.58 1.76 -3.51 -11.32 4.35 5.72 -1.32 0.98 -1.92 -1.59 -1.58 -1.13 -2.32 9.24

292.81 7.14 6.19 0.95 275.47 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

255.48 18.23 14.32 3.91 228.07 6.71 0.26 2.14 1.63 0.01 0.49 0.16 -

205.46 13.37 10.17 3.20 171.28 15.75 2.65 0.24 0.00 0.02 2.39 0.10 0.23

189.98 12.70 10.73 1.97 2.81 156.73 18.73 0.82 0.23 0.01 0.57 0.13 0.22

194.15 12.20 9.95 2.25 2.26 161.01 19.01 0.74 0.51 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.23

198.77 13.48 11.40 2.08 2.37 160.32 21.10 0.67 0.38 0.04 0.25 0.08 0.23

194.89 10.52 8.78 1.73 161.42 19.17 1.08 0.84 0.06 0.19 0.12 0.22

-1.13 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.56 -23.92 19.24 30.01 13.00 8.98 -4.53 -

-1.49 -3.01 -2.68 -4.41 -1.90 6.01 -3.71 -3.65 8.87 -5.25 -1.68 -

666.47 427.96 410.91 17.05 137.19 6.40 51.14 1.12 14.39 1.65 4.51 29.47 28.94 0.83

815.27 609.01 580.39 28.62 110.75 8.47 42.05 1.40 10.98 1.65 2.06 25.97 39.71 0.67

624.09 580.95 572.38 8.57 13.13 0.00 7.02 15.68 0.22 3.37 0.65 0.57 10.88 8.08 0.16

624.61 585.44 577.34 8.09 13.33 0.00 6.88 9.38 0.09 3.23 0.35 0.49 5.24 7.85 0.21

615.71 571.50 563.64 7.86 13.73 0.00 7.10 10.56 0.08 3.24 0.53 0.41 6.30 9.11 0.20

631.18 587.12 581.84 5.28 12.91 0.00 6.82 9.44 0.09 2.12 0.62 0.37 6.24 9.36 0.04

622.84 575.15 568.88 6.27 13.45 0.00 6.94 9.15 0.07 2.23 0.62 0.36 5.87 7.75 0.04

1.69 2.98 2.92 4.41 -1.77 2.36 -1.62 1.91 -2.23 -0.02 -6.32 -1.05 2.67 -1.78

-1.48 -0.32 -0.11 -8.09 -11.05 -1.10 -8.12 -15.14 -8.47 -5.26 -9.30 -7.93 -8.68 -15.12

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

173.89 144.69 .. .. 5.30 23.90

235.97 209.71 125.70 84.00 5.73 20.54

312.60 293.47 140.90 152.58 5.08 0.10 13.95

427.53 401.35 135.46 265.89 4.67 0.10 21.42

505.08 480.66 132.80 347.87 5.10 0.13 19.18

538.28 514.33 136.69 377.64 4.14 0.12 19.70

546.14 520.74 141.30 379.44 6.02 0.18 19.20

544.70 517.83 142.40 375.43 7.08 0.23 19.56

475.29 461.94 113.78 348.16 3.75 0.22 9.39

158.67 131.78 .. .. 1.44 25.46

214.91 187.26 124.91 62.34 4.57 0.00 23.08

286.55 264.95 161.23 103.72 4.32 0.12 17.16

308.02 294.27 162.62 131.65 1.33 0.06 12.35

338.41 325.25 176.50 148.75 0.83 0.05 12.29

345.49 328.60 171.56 157.04 1.10 0.04 15.76

361.54 345.71 186.83 158.88 1.10 0.02 14.72

386.30 370.40 200.53 169.88 1.93 0.01 13.96

367.14 355.61 179.74 175.87 1.05 0.01 10.46

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.11

OECD TOTAL 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

165001

270255

307323

351032

442891

574728

586022

582690

523076

98987 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 25075 116

136369 43475 20623 695 5219 5025 87 44013 686

136493 49608 16250 774 3141 2570 65 43205 305

133802 52923 17183 2985 37 6573 32737 667

138570 67155 17972 3388 2 3125 24038 398

139284 68690 15484 4562 3 4053 17773 403

144131 74253 17796 4678 3246 18654 299

145372 72665 16319 4366 2532 23294 384

116649 51104 12263 3791 183 2521 19908 937

420 2566 5249 5612

1211 50 103 5342 4216 5624

2803 177 714 3213 8569 5099

5339 137 4843 3643 3267 22 990 2456

9557 140 6327 991 4825 26 454 80 92

9194 222 10622 90 6369 713 815 40 251

5880 163 10659 284 5992 674 1059 494

5789 338 11027 542 5492 648 1023 75 878

2760 284 16500 1174 3824 198 544 31 627

66014 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 980

133886 30433 4051 462 3526 15429 2394 26912 2718

170830 34664 9885 327 2124 13084 2428 35894 3686

217230 51101 13926 1517 845 15620 713 33335 2134

304321 77808 10649 2393 437 18590 593 21907 4307

435444 101184 7641 1214 436 14941 196 12983 3569

441891 105245 9976 1368 457 10866 204 11261 5494

437318 107864 9054 1519 585 8523 404 21431 7050

406427 121071 6769 2136 417 6703 1575 16933 5953

534 11967 3012 9163

2663 2083 306 32671 2915 157 7166

6287 10450 1000 33156 9517 1752 150 6426

15372 14281 11656 39460 10474 687 3506 1860 743

34741 29428 23066 46337 20887 891 5041 1572 5674

31370 53857 66637 55514 69545 2696 5343 3310 5008

30244 57167 69054 49170 73809 2237 5036 3199 7104

26725 55954 68803 40262 74163 2741 3501 2821 5918

15608 52063 58429 32178 73819 1915 1843 3533 5482

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes)

Total Exports Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

107072

152492

162292

169662

168603

180273

196284

210734

188525

90281 1283 3860 5410 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

123513 1582 5031 6360 8609 950 7 13 62 10228 59198 7014 498 5206 232 369 4183 4283 1564 5 2232 5777 110

122399 1351 7450 4018 50 330 8494 877 28 3 8734 55410 7852 3 5273 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

127906 125 1897 5890 4039 871 9 1249 6177 999 1 1287 39 3 7824 53979 15654 10 517 5766 239 896 434 2657 3267 2006 3 3681 7612 775

127377 122 1844 4551 3501 214 1005 6629 4891 1075 48 4 7381 52798 15305 1406 4745 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 46 3954 8626 540

124623 1547 3594 4134 944 1172 5061 4658 674 19 1 6507 52688 12277 2125 9336 1367 2353 3109 1596 3357 6606 1498

128451 1583 3363 3299 1024 8 719 5645 2805 580 30 6595 57550 11482 1565 10034 19 2264 2820 3323 1741 3826 6708 1468

139664 1036 4702 3266 949 219 965 5530 4100 276 675 50 68 5945 60460 14398 2192 9929 78 3452 2584 3870 1825 257 4503 6770 1565

115011 1612 3444 2168 650 73 755 4019 3836 62 46 3874 49491 19052 1171 6983 36 1666 219 1748 2122 1426 137 4140 5333 948

8840 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 951 69 2194

23138 7958 2772 769 2080 1646 1564 1829 192 1041 3287

30609 8867 3155 1009 5179 50 3915 1068 2621 860 963 2922

41063 11064 5451 1672 9831 127 2455 947 1517 317 1366 6316

37791 10695 7713 1211 10795 56 505 1825 1869 265 1051 1806

46195 9288 8937 1392 17081 194 146 881 2513 3500 437 1826

57181 10870 9270 1951 20334 273 543 2789 2704 3563 496 4388

58504 10869 7595 1736 25876 281 1998 2664 1992 2198 682 2613

66181 11842 2736 835 26148 146 368 1687 1313 19296 687 1123

7951

5841

9284

693

3435

9455

10652

12566

7333

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.13

OECD TOTAL 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

49931

105530

113416

128950

146889

163968

170808

179206

183901

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 52 1285 167 15 237 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

82613 2 1001 2856 8508 1378 8297 3669 3461 5228 1278 28 1622 5070 18173 7942 107 44 6539 429 805 79 1630 1896 295 275 1846 155

93807 2 1216 3778 10083 2282 5857 2815 3859 5451 33 2248 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 401 1 1572 198 762 1040 81 15 2097 225

105848 12 1050 3480 4541 1874 6195 3089 2049 7364 1 374 20 1636 4122 40735 13462 50 5194 336 304 1977 404 2350 861 11 216 3901 240

123180 1643 1467 13524 864 2594 1228 3413 16478 112 322 7 1208 1430 51874 13730 164 373 3556 16 677 117 348 1217 2327 255 20 110 3866 240

137340 2204 845 13951 946 1371 927 3644 16842 133 330 88 509 155 60978 21157 30 4918 1506 82 417 126 411 667 1464 366 17 2866 390

136938 2330 772 13418 1377 1053 450 3438 18312 172 254 91 869 941 60912 16041 96 5218 3944 85 387 291 486 578 1189 404 2 1 3567 260

148408 1930 1503 17558 937 778 340 3977 12857 142 216 59 1458 1864 69501 20465 81 1340 4278 80 358 591 646 556 1663 489 250 34 4270 187

140428 24 1977 803 7454 829 676 281 3376 8997 152 144 51 556 1451 64967 33909 119 2928 4818 238 786 1066 541 250 78 77 177 3611 92

384 11 76 32 82 129 54

14542 91 6336 93 998 253 212 2695 2229 1635

14604 345 6866 1 48 1058 49 1057 642 2554 1621 363

22207 190 7953 1 1 1257 381 1099 1230 3420 1672 5003

23121 22 10034 2 2469 2623 828 1438 1440 3303 962

26318 231 13208 17 1567 321 931 192 1206 4077 4357 211

33867 206 16235 16 746 679 1151 2487 1464 3241 7489 153

30611 443 18559 22 733 177 73 1737 1421 1901 5157 388

38182 6 20302 20 828 672 2 645 816 10121 1755 3015

9050

8375

5005

895

588

310

3

187

5291

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

62.27

56.28

42.45

67.40

97.98

106.49

103.59

189.64

185.24

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

57.64 70.37 67.03 63.98 64.21 54.50 60.89 50.58 57.45

52.80 62.94 82.00 59.26 61.25 49.58 50.11 49.57 54.95

40.80 45.22 .. 50.43 53.13 38.32 36.28 39.35 43.26

61.26 66.39 98.50 108.71 107.28 82.31 85.79 61.31 73.25

102.47 109.56 242.07 138.92 119.94 109.89 104.26 71.77 104.12

115.04 129.34 112.10 118.82 125.05 98.79 88.44 66.18 101.81

105.28 116.78 133.32 139.47 126.15 110.31 92.53 96.82 98.26

210.52 219.98 235.16 245.85 191.98 263.49 169.10 141.18 211.14

196.19 200.14 160.08 137.24 165.35 174.92 87.36 81.99 139.44

Steam coal(3)

51.81

47.14

33.65

55.34

64.85

63.38

72.84

120.59

97.32

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

52.17 43.38 65.54 61.05 54.63 48.34 50.88 45.38 45.48

48.23 40.99 63.84 46.78 49.60 44.63 41.58 44.19 42.87

34.76 33.74 40.98 35.30 40.96 30.62 32.77 33.80 32.14

51.71 54.90 83.24 68.95 60.50 53.48 52.34 58.03 63.56

64.06 79.68 113.59 78.34 82.18 62.75 59.93 67.68 67.35

65.13 60.96 102.69 75.65 77.37 60.32 58.42 66.20 66.20

71.55 69.76 112.36 94.13 96.56 71.23 65.05 80.13 77.44

122.94 108.23 158.65 156.01 137.60 117.72 97.31 140.79 129.23

107.68 90.69 140.77 114.47 106.15 111.20 85.15 95.58 92.11

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.15

OECD NORTH AMERICA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4500

140

4000

120

3500

100

3000 80

2500 2000

60

1500

40

1000

20

500 0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1000

900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500 400

400

300

300 200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 8000

6000

7000

5000

6000 4000

5000 4000

3000

3000

2000

2000 1000

1000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD NORTH AMERICA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

2774.08 468.78 1327.64 803.26 73.60 39.01 58.51 3.21 0.07 -

2989.13 571.18 1357.00 773.52 98.59 113.96 67.18 7.70 0.01 -

3207.06 697.06 1305.17 737.26 111.25 256.50 72.90 26.44 0.46 0.03 -

3813.66 817.33 1497.82 930.57 132.66 327.15 79.22 25.94 3.07 -0.10 -

3978.48 843.30 1574.87 957.70 144.29 350.16 79.56 21.64 7.04 -0.11 -

3901.57 827.94 1502.47 955.56 150.18 350.54 83.34 21.64 9.97 -0.08 -

3712.77 737.20 1411.26 957.85 144.89 346.62 82.07 21.19 11.97 -0.29 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.86 2.36 -0.10 -0.50 2.46 11.71 1.30 13.21 -4.35 -

1.09 0.96 0.79 1.45 1.68 1.75 0.75 -1.11 18.61 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4892 0.57 287.7 9.64 167.4 132.0 106.6 2273 ..

1980 5932 0.50 317.9 9.40 148.8 132.6 109.3 2868 ..

1990 8060 0.40 359.1 8.93 117.5 119.1 106.3 3801 ..

2000 11260 0.34 411.4 9.27 100.0 100.0 100.0 4828 ..

2007 13319 0.30 440.3 9.03 88.2 87.2 92.3 5229 ..

2008 13382 0.29 444.4 8.78 86.1 85.2 92.1 5254 ..

2009e 13163 0.28 448.5 8.28 83.3 77.2 .. 5037 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.98 2.86 -2.06 -1.71 1.31 1.19 -0.45 -0.09 -2.06 -1.71 -0.60 -1.84 -0.02 -0.80 3.07 1.82 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

109.25 421.01 23.37 -

135.46 505.67 30.53 -

125.74 653.50 54.51 -

81.69 685.17 56.96 -

71.43 744.08 54.17 -

80.96 749.82 52.72 -

65.89 686.87 51.30 -

1.18 3.73 7.31 -

-2.42 0.77 -0.19 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

109.07 487.96 44.51 -

134.96 598.48 59.30 -

123.88 774.37 110.57 -

84.67 854.46 112.98 -

77.49 949.53 107.84 -

87.60 963.94 103.57 -

71.33 885.89 100.73 -

1.07 3.92 7.88 -

-1.91 1.22 -0.36 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.17

OECD NORTH AMERICA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2123.35 114.77 1130.47 569.00 73.21 235.76 0.14

2188.96 88.71 1155.45 552.10 98.10 293.12 1.47

2193.51 86.14 1147.56 514.93 53.19 0.48 387.23 3.98

2619.62 53.52 1338.24 608.74 98.53 0.74 2.12 509.02 8.70

2672.48 53.25 1429.81 524.19 108.77 1.32 1.96 541.84 11.33

2715.34 53.46 1421.56 556.94 112.47 1.48 2.05 555.95 11.43

2657.02 52.02 1353.66 561.54 118.11 1.66 2.15 556.84 11.03

0.19 -1.67 0.09 -0.59 -1.86 2.96 21.94

1.07 -2.76 0.92 0.48 4.53 7.15 2.04 5.83

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

647.75 94.60 128.24 279.33 50.87 94.57 0.14

656.67 77.07 153.01 254.55 58.55 112.05 1.43

509.97 71.80 83.55 196.51 23.55 133.65 0.90

591.99 49.93 56.13 237.24 63.91 0.16 177.51 7.11

547.38 50.49 70.01 202.04 64.30 0.16 151.26 9.13

548.86 49.40 64.63 211.94 61.63 0.17 151.94 9.14

541.88 48.19 67.36 208.18 58.52 0.18 150.63 8.82

-1.40 -1.61 -2.49 -2.05 -4.43 2.06 11.73

0.34 -2.19 -1.19 0.32 5.19 0.67 13.52

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

657.53 0.18 632.33 24.06

703.41 679.29 23.41

798.88 771.72 26.15

966.48 932.02 28.49

1039.72 995.64 26.11

1051.49 1000.91 27.47

1014.28 956.19 27.08

1.15 1.18 0.49

1.34 1.20 0.20

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.97 387.91 4.77 123.97 170.85

0.71 364.33 2.35 80.88 170.95

1.01 362.07 2.19 53.71 163.89

4.74 1.23 445.91 1.95 61.13 186.58

16.36 1.61 430.39 0.06 47.74 165.45

21.46 1.65 453.06 0.04 48.96 179.57

29.41 1.60 454.24 0.05 45.51 184.28

0.24 -0.40 -4.47 -4.80 -0.24

2.59 1.27 -19.37 -0.92 0.65

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

9.70 78.61 237.59 4.87 79.66 94.03

10.35 99.80 232.58 2.63 54.63 96.74

10.30 131.98 0.00 260.67 3.45 37.03 99.39

25.97 0.31 2.06 167.92 319.90 1.27 34.52 120.22

24.60 0.66 1.83 190.04 0.00 329.79 2.19 35.37 107.79

25.85 0.79 1.89 195.95 0.00 342.05 2.43 34.72 114.40

26.38 0.95 1.96 195.11 347.88 2.51 34.73 118.58

0.35 3.09 0.55 -2.01 -4.41 0.33

5.36 2.20 1.62 -1.76 -0.36 0.99

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

59.03 140.54 139.81 0.73

78.54 0.04 169.40 0.18 163.15 6.06

117.71 3.08 204.49 0.50 175.71 28.28

1.77 0.27 0.06 160.17 1.59 262.96 0.38 227.22 35.37

3.09 0.50 0.13 178.51 2.21 271.85 0.49 249.20 22.16

3.01 0.52 0.15 184.52 2.29 266.59 1.52 242.21 22.87

3.30 0.53 0.19 185.82 2.22 244.67 1.27 220.68 22.71

4.14 2.23 1.35 24.03

2.57 -1.81 1.00 5.35 1.27 -1.21

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD NORTH AMERICA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

495.1 16.4 -55.2 12.5

671.7 17.9 -98.0 -20.4

833.8 17.0 -127.8 -25.9

823.8 38.2 -82.3 37.5

869.7 50.8 -75.9 -1.3

883.5 50.5 -96.8 -9.3

804.1 32.9 -74.5 -25.2

3.1 0.2 5.1 x

0.3 6.2 -1.5 x

Primary supply

468.8

571.2

697.1

817.3

843.3

827.9

737.2

2.4

1.0

Statistical difference

18.6

-11.1

10.8

22.9

-12.0

-8.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-363.9

-467.7

-619.8

-784.5

-774.7

-764.6

..

3.2

1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-321.8 -321.8 -

-438.7 -438.7 -0.0

-598.3 -592.1 -6.2

-763.1 -745.5 -17.6

-764.0 -758.5 -5.5

-748.1 -742.7 -5.4

.. .. ..

3.7 3.7 -

1.2 1.3 -0.8

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-0.1

-

-2.6

-2.7

-2.5

-2.7

..

26.0

0.1

-42.1 -27.7 -14.3 -

-29.0 -18.4 -10.6 -

-18.8 -12.9 -5.8 -

-18.8 -13.1 -5.7 -

-8.2 -9.8 -4.2 5.8

-13.8 -9.5 -4.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.6 -4.4 -5.1 -

-1.7 -1.7 -1.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.7

-3.6

-2.0

-2.2

-3.1

-3.0

..

-8.4

2.4

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

114.8

88.7

86.1

53.5

53.5

52.0

..

-1.7

-2.8

94.6 54.0 11.9 5.9 7.1

77.1 36.0 11.2 10.3 7.4

71.8 22.3 12.5 11.7 10.5

49.9 15.5 9.6 12.5 3.7

49.4 11.7 7.4 11.0 6.5

48.2 12.0 7.2 10.1 6.7

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -5.1 0.3 4.2 2.3

-2.2 -3.4 -3.0 -0.9 -2.5

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

20.0 4.9 4.8

11.5 2.6 2.4

13.8 3.5 2.2

3.2 1.3 1.9

2.5 2.4 0.0

2.6 2.5 0.0

.. .. ..

-2.1 -2.0 -4.5

-9.0 -1.8 -19.4

-

0.2

0.5

0.4

1.5

1.3

..

-

5.3

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.19

OECD NORTH AMERICA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

496.24 418.38 418.37 0.01 46.04 3.73 10.34 11.88 7.82 12.27 8.58 -

719.49 653.18 646.88 6.29 0.17 53.40 1.71 14.26 12.65 11.37 13.42 6.03 0.26

895.56 860.85 845.37 15.48 1.79 2.39 37.62 1.46 10.51 13.26 4.10 8.29 3.70 0.33

965.73 790.98 784.47 6.51 119.79 1.77 1.20 37.74 0.32 7.23 12.74 6.84 10.60 3.60 0.53

953.68 808.00 803.15 4.85 94.20 1.66 1.35 39.21 0.47 7.50 13.08 7.25 10.91 2.64 0.44

959.13 786.91 782.29 4.62 127.67 1.49 1.48 38.16 0.48 7.38 12.04 7.04 11.24 2.77 1.72

951.36 902.29 897.34 4.94 1.57 1.83 39.55 0.65 7.96 11.02 7.47 12.45 2.85 1.42

3.14 3.78 3.70 66.36 1.24 -6.32 2.71 0.53 3.17 0.75 -2.90 -

1.56 1.81 1.83 -1.33 13.96 -1.65 -5.19 -3.19 -0.76 -2.31 -0.42 -4.09 9.92

79.71 75.71 -

43.20 43.16 -

31.36 31.13 -

25.86 2.81 23.41 -

26.29 2.26 23.73 -

26.32 2.37 23.56 -

25.95 25.25 -

-4.98 -4.58 -

-2.79 -2.93 -

43.94 41.10 41.10 2.47 0.17 2.31 0.34 -

109.28 101.99 100.89 1.10 5.64 1.41 0.23 0.00 0.10 1.08 0.17 0.09

114.73 110.09 108.85 1.25 0.00 5.67 1.59 0.24 0.00 0.10 1.25 0.12 0.14

115.90 109.76 107.70 2.06 0.00 5.39 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.16

112.49 103.89 101.88 2.01 0.00 5.59 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.16

116.22 110.18 110.18 0.00 5.33 0.32 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.19 -

113.49 108.79 108.79 0.00 5.30 0.28 0.24 0.04 0.14 -

7.89 7.87 7.77 -4.57 -4.60 -6.12 -5.64 -

0.21 0.36 0.42 -0.34 -8.67 0.05 -16.73 -0.93 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD NORTH AMERICA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

16.37 14.97 .. .. 1.40

17.85 16.93 7.02 9.91 0.93

17.00 15.89 4.45 11.44 1.11

38.23 30.90 5.75 25.15 2.80 4.54

50.71 43.03 5.63 37.40 4.09 3.59

56.93 49.04 5.59 43.46 3.04 4.86

50.79 42.71 4.67 38.04 4.93 3.15

50.53 39.91 4.70 35.22 5.80 4.82

32.87 29.18 3.05 26.14 2.79 0.90

55.24 53.62 .. .. 0.00 1.62

97.96 96.02 71.71 24.31 0.03 1.91

127.76 127.03 85.76 41.27 0.04 0.69

82.27 80.94 54.83 26.11 0.03 1.30

66.17 64.29 47.14 17.15 0.17 1.71

66.20 64.43 44.87 19.57 0.22 1.54

75.86 74.04 50.12 23.93 0.36 1.46

96.78 93.88 58.93 34.95 1.03 1.86

74.49 72.76 49.97 22.78 0.36 1.38

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.21

OECD NORTH AMERICA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

17499

16940

16846

17086

32493

56181

48723

46267

34624

6024 5924 -

6778 195 6491 -

4719 122 4497 -

4129 4129 -

5843 1511 4296 -

5786 72 1461 4133 -

4837 1469 3322 46

4866 1580 3286 -

3155 962 2193 -

100

92

100

-

36 -

7 113

-

-

-

11475 933 49 645 8796 -

10162 35 367 8391 6

12127 22 883 5 9639 -

12957 192 2015 5095 39

26650 1226 693 14787 6

50395 6529 799 1 8906 236

43886 4684 488 1 5647 32

41401 785 464 5 7231 1

31469 3759 256 200 5481 -

996 56

539 824 -

1296 277 5

2994 924 1675 23

174 6928 651 61 92 1960 72

57 25303 2855 256 1152 4252 28 21

48 25387 3323 401 98 3731 46

41 26113 3193 1127 226 54 2161 -

9 18101 1954 286 157 59 1207 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD NORTH AMERICA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

40450

77198

84425

75819

58166

50149

55872

65242

55207

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

36030 1103 5410 1468 560 3069 19925 1173 929 68 265 838 453 409 360 -

65617 3443 6360 3823 709 7 13 54 5734 29639 3950 498 2975 98 244 2460 1310 1716 2474 110

67287 5538 3988 50 127 4880 708 28 6536 26588 2908 3 3975 99 753 3156 866 1957 4355 772

61410 3807 4039 715 3233 433 36 5054 22688 6615 517 4068 83 188 2313 1161 1895 3831 734

45136 2717 3501 288 2782 1211 65 48 4467 12937 4947 740 2143 42 198 2331 642 2403 3134 540

38266 30 1596 4134 795 1652 2607 70 19 4153 7523 4573 612 2297 54 1397 426 2186 2681 1461

41635 125 1424 3299 435 2176 2789 30 4202 8430 5228 546 2895 10 401 915 1563 483 2263 2953 1468

47933 294 1650 3266 210 661 2451 2482 126 174 50 68 3690 9864 6042 1335 3670 78 1552 876 1406 523 257 2658 2985 1565

37261 280 1829 2168 25 73 389 2058 2033 31 46 2372 7274 6003 693 3488 31 889 219 161 1432 434 127 2126 2132 948

4420 1942 205 218 200 673 1 914 24 243

11581 6139 782 457 38 1051 872 869 353 1020

11934 6327 357 586 50 1559 614 872 300 229 1040

14025 6826 1600 1165 127 1528 350 667 548 1214

9805 5564 1440 682 22 56 443 269 496 833

11272 5519 1220 869 959 75 382 739 211 54 1244

14237 7262 1234 1453 800 209 500 652 140 100 1887

17309 6886 1203 1370 1439 1588 648 935 478 181 2581

17132 7649 77 693 1869 294 440 701 4508 160 741

-

-

5204

384

3225

611

-

-

814

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.23

OECD NORTH AMERICA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

10808

34228

42493

38503

26926

22703

27917

39959

26499

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10341 27 8782 309 38 528 22 243 356 27 5 4

30080 1 712 8508 2286 1208 978 595 1138 7 335 3633 2847 2489 44 2793 143 626 786 230 8 275 283 155

35375 1 2178 10083 3321 1758 384 15 1322 4451 4007 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 1005 194

34116 950 4541 1905 530 621 1648 829 3449 6179 3800 3015 25 1562 2111 8 191 2705 47

25401 429 13524 70 564 522 456 79 4425 2275 373 643 74 343 441 55 1016 112

20592 363 13909 348 360 195 569 1379 918 156 593 267 250 1052 233

23497 75 483 13386 72 176 584 1009 74 135 2099 980 148 2278 258 1 1578 161

35879 1144 17555 139 185 1263 1256 66 440 287 2542 1913 522 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 119

23549 24 602 7447 218 71 1111 729 152 217 2390 3767 752 2682 801 149 1 2344 92

95 11 1 82 1 -

4148 78 2575 421 176 110 506 2 280

5891 177 3820 530 682 522 108 5 47

4385 153 2033 1 562 271 1099 207 59

971 22 825 49 9 66

1814 176 3 71 927 190 367 5 1 74

4420 95 2 1 172 1069 2212 789 12 68

3953 409 72 73 1715 961 421 302

2816 6 1 630 816 962 256 145

372

-

1227

2

554

297

-

127

134

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD/IEA PACIFIC* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

1400 1200

200

1000 150 800 600

100

400 50 200 0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 400

400

350

350

300

300

250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 2000

Other transformation

2008

2500

1800 1600

2000

1400 1500

1200 1000

1000

800 600

500

400 200

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.25

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

581.41 128.34 418.56 12.48 5.04 3.61 11.52 1.86 -

663.32 144.83 420.59 42.36 5.90 32.04 15.01 2.56 0.03 -

901.89 197.55 478.38 93.67 14.61 94.99 16.34 4.51 1.80 0.05

1184.86 265.01 563.02 152.83 18.75 160.46 16.22 7.09 1.42 0.05

1255.17 327.70 523.84 205.19 23.53 151.44 14.20 7.15 2.06 0.07

1242.62 337.04 499.25 206.69 23.61 152.30 13.95 7.35 2.32 0.10

1216.68 319.26 485.97 204.70 22.64 159.16 14.07 8.17 2.60 0.10

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.62 2.57 0.79 12.59 6.46 21.20 2.08 5.35 -

1.80 3.01 0.24 4.50 2.71 2.66 -0.88 2.75 1.44 3.45

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 2507 0.23 159.6 3.64 110.6 109.2 79.1 563 ..

1980 3172 0.21 173.1 3.83 99.8 97.4 81.2 728 ..

1990 4739 0.19 187.1 4.82 90.8 88.9 84.4 1127 ..

2000 5653 0.21 197.1 6.01 100.0 100.0 100.0 1587 ..

2007 6509 0.19 201.6 6.22 92.0 107.4 101.2 1846 ..

2008 6500 0.19 202.1 6.15 91.2 110.6 99.7 1820 ..

2009e 6276 0.19 201.9 6.03 92.5 108.5 .. 1772 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.82 1.77 -1.16 0.03 0.94 0.43 1.66 1.36 -1.16 0.03 -1.20 1.22 0.38 0.93 4.17 2.70 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

44.87 42.82 9.73 -

45.94 46.11 11.01 -

63.05 93.02 14.69 -

102.61 119.53 21.05 -

140.71 169.09 20.97 -

138.62 175.46 23.11 -

128.91 193.38 20.45 -

2.87 6.68 3.49 -

4.47 3.59 2.55 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

46.34 60.93 30.66 -

47.20 62.99 33.13 -

65.21 120.98 46.15 -

105.39 144.79 67.51 -

144.57 187.46 65.87 -

142.47 190.33 72.65 -

132.50 209.56 64.26 -

2.89 5.88 3.47 -

4.44 2.55 2.55 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

424.17 46.37 298.16 13.62 4.99 60.98 0.04

452.67 51.59 294.04 22.03 5.63 0.03 79.21 0.15

615.49 70.39 372.28 37.18 10.08 0.50 1.80 122.98 0.29

791.23 57.36 470.51 69.32 12.82 0.64 1.33 173.79 5.47

821.09 63.26 450.22 88.99 13.71 0.63 0.91 196.24 7.12

824.15 64.31 442.25 91.74 14.38 0.64 0.98 202.43 7.41

793.54 61.46 417.35 91.83 14.40 0.64 1.00 199.28 7.56

2.21 2.48 1.31 6.08 4.22 4.21 12.32

1.42 -0.75 0.64 5.15 2.00 1.40 -3.20 2.72 19.97

183.62 34.18 101.61 5.27 2.13 40.43 -

173.62 38.14 74.98 9.33 3.17 48.00 -

206.48 55.58 72.47 14.25 6.68 0.31 57.19 -

234.95 54.83 70.97 22.36 9.47 0.19 74.10 3.04

240.62 59.92 57.88 29.29 10.67 0.20 0.00 78.58 4.08

240.93 60.60 53.82 29.88 11.15 0.20 0.00 81.00 4.28

229.24 57.60 49.43 30.36 11.10 0.20 0.00 76.26 4.28

0.69 2.90 -1.97 6.02 6.95 2.06 -

0.58 0.20 -2.10 4.29 2.87 -2.50 1.61 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

83.03 0.33 80.97 -

111.24 0.01 109.19 0.01

157.68 0.10 155.07 0.10

205.73 0.13 202.29 0.44

206.31 0.13 201.85 1.19

205.55 0.14 200.75 1.39

198.88 0.15 193.76 1.60

3.84 -6.65 3.90 -

1.30 1.98 1.25 16.96

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.73 47.24 11.54 13.84 5.87

2.03 60.07 12.92 15.69 9.54

2.42 85.06 12.51 22.55 14.04

2.87 105.80 0.85 29.80 25.56

0.14 3.00 111.69 1.60 26.24 29.33

0.26 3.01 112.41 1.45 25.33 29.35

0.38 3.00 110.86 1.52 23.87 29.06

2.00 3.52 0.47 2.91 5.26

1.20 1.48 -11.05 0.32 4.13

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.86 13.13 32.48 0.27 24.66 2.14

2.43 0.03 19.46 37.14 0.52 24.45 2.68

3.32 0.08 1.73 30.80 0.04 84.28 1.58 43.46 6.97

3.10 0.00 1.29 43.62 1.57 121.78 1.04 50.51 17.15

2.40 0.00 0.87 49.25 2.00 134.22 0.97 40.71 26.98

2.45 0.00 0.95 50.85 2.03 133.15 0.96 35.59 28.89

2.38 0.00 0.96 50.92 2.14 130.91 0.95 32.40 28.37

0.90 5.14 5.77 10.92 3.39 7.21

-1.84 -15.64 -3.20 2.83 24.13 2.48 -2.78 -1.62 8.11

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

5.38 0.04 58.27 58.02 0.26

0.03 9.32 0.15 49.41 48.96 0.45

0.08 0.06 0.07 31.82 0.24 65.81 0.57 63.42 1.82

0.24 0.31 0.04 51.63 0.87 104.84 0.50 100.57 3.78

0.49 0.31 0.04 63.68 1.04 112.35 0.57 109.67 2.11

0.51 0.31 0.04 65.75 1.10 116.61 1.11 113.33 2.17

0.54 0.32 0.04 67.15 1.14 109.34 1.19 105.78 2.37

11.02 11.22 0.72 0.53 12.23

11.55 9.28 -3.23 4.24 9.01 2.86 4.16 2.88 1.46

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.27

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

94.4 59.6 -26.0 0.3

103.1 74.9 -41.9 8.7

170.8 127.4 -98.3 -2.2

243.2 193.9 -177.7 5.6

330.8 245.8 -238.9 -9.9

337.2 252.4 -250.1 -2.5

342.7 236.4 -259.1 -0.8

3.5 4.6 8.1 x

3.9 3.9 5.3 x

Primary supply

128.3

144.8

197.6

265.0

327.7

337.0

319.3

2.6

3.0

Statistical difference

-2.5

-2.3

3.7

-0.8

-1.2

-10.6

..

x

x

Total transformation

-75.5

-86.2

-124.8

-200.2

-254.5

-257.2

..

3.0

4.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-37.8 -37.8 -0.1

-45.2 -40.9 -4.3

-86.4 -75.3 -11.1

-163.4 -147.1 -16.3

-218.1 -199.6 -18.5

-221.4 -202.9 -18.5

.. .. ..

5.0 4.1 36.1

5.4 5.7 2.9

Autoproducers Gas works

-3.1

-1.8

-0.6

-0.3

-

-

..

-9.3

-

-34.7 -0.2 -27.1 -5.8 -1.5

-39.1 -0.2 -23.8 -14.5 -0.6

-37.9 -0.0 -31.0 -2.0 -4.8

-36.4 -0.0 -35.0 -1.2 -0.2

-36.4 -0.1 -35.7 -0.7 0.1

-35.8 -0.1 -34.0 -1.8 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.5 -8.3 0.8 -6.2 6.9

-0.3 5.5 0.5 -0.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-3.9

-4.7

-6.0

-6.7

-7.6

-7.8

..

2.6

1.5

-

-0.0

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

46.4

51.6

70.4

57.4

64.3

61.5

..

2.5

-0.8

34.2 26.9 0.4 0.9 0.3

38.1 27.3 0.7 5.9 0.5

55.6 20.7 4.2 11.9 1.9

54.8 20.7 4.3 12.1 2.3

60.6 24.9 5.2 11.4 2.4

57.6 24.5 4.8 11.5 2.4

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 -1.5 15.0 16.4 10.8

0.2 1.0 0.8 -0.2 1.3

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-6.7

2.0

11.9 0.3 11.5

13.4 0.5 12.9

14.1 1.6 12.5

1.9 1.0 0.8

2.5 1.0 1.5

2.5 1.0 1.5

.. .. ..

1.0 10.9 0.5

-9.1 -2.8 -11.1

-

-

0.6

0.5

1.1

1.2

..

-

4.2

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

57.24 30.57 30.21 0.36 18.64 0.13 0.19 7.37 1.46 0.34 1.88 0.35 3.34 1.49 -

128.22 77.34 72.22 5.12 20.81 5.89 25.57 2.05 2.63 12.63 2.25 6.02 0.97 0.02

201.05 152.99 144.86 8.12 1.22 11.46 31.36 2.69 3.92 13.30 2.64 8.81 1.09 -

248.29 204.16 192.89 11.27 2.01 12.41 0.83 28.97 4.79 4.11 12.37 2.90 4.80 1.02 -

252.80 204.68 193.48 11.20 2.33 12.39 0.79 29.26 4.75 4.42 12.27 2.86 4.96 1.01 -

267.25 216.01 204.30 11.71 2.09 13.34 0.81 30.66 5.41 4.54 12.49 2.93 5.28 1.01 -

275.17 220.88 208.97 11.91 2.29 11.28 0.83 30.30 4.90 4.26 12.64 2.92 5.58 1.00 -

6.95 8.04 7.53 24.76 0.92 37.67 10.93 2.86 18.50 17.23 16.65 5.04 -3.50 -

4.33 6.00 6.08 4.81 -11.54 3.68 0.95 4.97 2.72 0.01 1.47 -0.43 0.17 -

67.95 64.35 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

82.82 77.00 5.25 0.16 0.16 0.02 -

81.30 67.15 13.97 -

82.77 68.56 15.92 -

83.08 68.02 16.27 0.25 0.25 -

85.30 67.19 17.71 0.17 0.17 -

85.77 67.45 16.37 0.33 0.33 -

1.66 1.51 2.66 11.30 13.14 -

0.19 -0.73 6.52 4.21 -

30.64 27.32 26.32 0.99 2.85 0.42 0.03 0.00 0.30 0.10 0.05 -

46.20 44.15 43.07 1.08 1.78 0.20 0.03 0.00 0.17 0.08 -

67.55 66.35 65.25 1.10 0.96 0.18 0.18 0.08 -

67.43 66.31 66.29 0.01 0.90 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.06 -

68.02 67.10 67.09 0.01 0.69 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.06 -

65.87 61.69 61.67 0.02 0.65 0.23 0.00 0.23 0.05 -

72.66 61.79 61.77 0.02 0.61 0.27 0.00 0.27 0.05 -

3.48 4.08 4.19 0.72 -3.84 -6.07 -1.23 -3.32 5.12 3.49 -

2.55 1.88 2.02 -20.11 -5.78 1.76 2.55 -2.58 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.29

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

59.64 59.61 .. .. 0.04

74.95 74.83 69.12 5.71 0.12

127.36 126.84 79.51 47.34 0.51

193.93 191.34 73.02 118.31 2.60

227.06 223.98 73.71 150.28 3.08

233.33 231.00 74.29 156.71 2.33

245.79 243.02 77.60 165.42 0.00 2.77

252.40 250.28 78.31 171.97 0.00 2.12

236.44 235.77 70.04 165.73 0.67

26.00 25.38 .. .. 0.61

41.86 39.73 32.25 7.47 2.13

98.33 95.87 55.90 39.96 2.46

177.73 175.05 98.03 77.02 2.68

230.58 228.90 122.89 106.01 1.68

231.72 229.74 118.82 110.93 1.97

238.91 237.52 129.64 107.89 1.39

250.07 249.12 135.72 113.40 0.95

259.12 258.18 123.83 134.35 0.94

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

55041

110580

130654

173185

214064

260043

276018

284382

268467

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

52885 25299 11304 398 429 10406 11

77367 33741 19321 14729 401

76229 39565 13316 10275 225

76950 39880 13007 7541 298

76656 45398 9389 2841 367

77753 46606 6995 200 329

80745 50896 8637 253 138

81476 50862 8313 1716 201

72878 40329 9348 2380 296

420 2360 2244 14

1211 103 5086 2775 -

2802 153 668 3055 6150 20

5327 52 4629 3437 2741 38

9555 5886 603 2498 27 92

8903 9 10622 25 4038 26

5810 9 10659 134 4203 6

5631 10 11027 48 3589 79

1814 24 16500 2143 31 13

2156 668 105 1 -

33213 19238 2249 1980 14

54425 24852 8170 5751 138

96235 43431 11604 1 7780 319

137408 67166 9944 2396 637

182290 88179 6632 698 663

195273 92844 8684 73 298

202906 100648 8319 1282 426

195589 112286 6015 324 1

513 157 149 563

2427 306 5508 1020 157 314

3504 94 806 7057 3402 150 501

13065 56 8323 6493 3189 1496 478

32680 14185 3448 5497 1012 443

29304 18 43227 51 10429 2886 203

27690 19 48616 584 13393 3025 47

24872 21 50139 710 13513 2745 231

14743 43722 1316 12544 3523 1115

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.31

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

31085

49698

58086

75625

100690

122032

133178

139485

127277

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29156 374 1173 191 1319 22651 1330 10 992 593 469 54

42003 16 2106 2055 29559 3064 1380 1186 516 2121 -

44087 1054 30 1917 25 1181 28822 4944 725 694 702 912 3081 -

54513 123 1524 2310 204 2752 31291 9039 703 129 896 535 1608 3360 39

74135 122 1833 3739 2619 2914 39861 10358 666 2279 1767 992 46 1451 5488 -

78994 1994 377 3329 1843 2260 45165 7704 1513 7009 1570 1170 1098 3925 37

79781 1923 284 3444 2287 49120 6254 1019 7139 1735 1258 1563 3755 -

85757 2927 304 3056 1618 150 2255 50596 8356 857 6242 2464 1302 1845 3785 -

72067 1572 366 1487 1376 1502 42217 13049 478 3495 620 992 1712 3201 -

1929 164 981 32 675 32 45 -

7695 958 1990 312 2042 595 688 99 192 688 131

13999 1291 2798 323 4895 2256 454 500 560 734 188

20881 3448 3851 459 9831 710 597 850 317 818 -

26345 4988 6273 10773 1554 1371 265 1051 70

34194 3699 7717 225 16122 194 71 499 1774 3289 383 221

42745 3608 8036 498 19534 273 334 2289 2052 3423 396 2302

41163 3983 6392 366 24437 281 410 2016 1057 1720 501 -

48797 4193 2659 142 24279 146 74 1234 612 14788 527 143

-

-

-

231

210

8844

10652

12565

6413

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD/IEA PACIFIC 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

5533

39339

45647

62413

87804

111986

112428

115268

136575

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

4809 150 682 458 1489 320 932 778

28917 771 2557 508 591 125 226 15326 5453 2464 455 441 -

37656 129 1149 934 125 133 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

49573 1116 1076 276 61 121 366 34556 9662 1562 264 110 44 25 142 192

66577 428 142 434 72 110 284 428 47449 11455 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

87658 278 741 59599 20239 4762 301 82 1069 69 425 93

83378 54 160 1202 129 254 58813 15061 5069 797 85 986 101 600 67

88785 41 684 527 66959 18552 818 187 80 545 253 71 68

96356 151 62577 30142 2176 934 376 -

204 76 128 -

8758 3761 93 577 99 2189 2039 -

7991 158 3046 47 528 33 120 2443 1616 -

12840 5920 695 110 1023 3420 1672 -

21227 10034 2469 2623 1373 1429 3299 -

24328 55 13205 1495 320 826 4072 4355 -

29050 111 16233 744 507 82 671 3229 7473 -

26483 29 18559 661 177 420 1480 5157 -

35248 20302 827 672 9158 1499 2790

520

1664

-

-

-

-

-

-

4971

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.33

OECD EUROPE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60

1000

40 20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4000

4500

3500

4000 3500

3000

3000

2500

2500 2000 2000 1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

1964.97 607.66 1046.31 192.59 44.27 27.69 42.06 3.62 0.07 0.71 -

2134.63 662.59 983.46 294.46 50.97 85.79 51.07 4.30 0.07 1.92 -

2289.75 630.88 859.08 368.55 75.37 291.38 54.47 6.74 0.41 2.85 0.03

2478.42 466.45 924.71 559.35 98.24 348.01 66.47 10.34 3.82 0.49 0.54

2609.39 479.44 905.14 640.45 147.59 344.66 61.11 14.47 15.39 0.49 0.65

2602.15 446.58 905.99 653.44 154.00 343.34 63.95 14.77 17.87 1.44 0.77

2458.43 398.92 848.34 623.61 160.80 326.32 61.97 15.71 20.21 1.79 0.75

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.90 0.22 -1.15 3.89 3.18 14.85 1.53 3.73 11.14 8.55 -

0.71 -1.90 0.30 3.23 4.05 0.92 0.90 4.45 23.27 -3.71 20.30

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4812 0.41 455.0 4.32 149.4 245.4 93.8 1618 60.8

1980 5682 0.38 473.8 4.51 137.4 226.7 101.2 2049 68.2

1990 7223 0.32 496.5 4.61 116.0 169.7 103.1 2632 82.9

2000 9065 0.27 518.3 4.78 100.0 100.0 100.0 3200 100.0

2007 10543 0.25 539.9 4.83 90.5 88.4 97.8 3582 114.9

2008 10622 0.24 543.3 4.79 89.6 81.7 97.8 3602 113.1

2009e 10330 0.24 545.4 4.51 87.0 75.1 .. 3421 98.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.42 2.17 -1.48 -1.42 0.51 0.50 0.39 0.21 -1.48 -1.42 -2.15 -3.98 0.56 -0.29 2.90 1.76 1.85 1.74

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

136.40 276.37 179.98 2.30

123.53 293.95 188.71 2.67

92.69 222.29 196.46 4.96

44.80 127.89 129.59 3.38

35.74 96.64 132.01 2.62

30.98 92.86 130.91 2.93

24.15 87.56 125.44 4.05

-3.17 -1.80 0.73 6.61

-5.91 -4.73 -2.23 -2.88

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

141.07 341.51 590.99 8.05

127.95 363.56 607.01 9.34

93.45 277.78 649.52 14.68

45.21 160.07 433.64 10.36

36.01 121.30 448.13 7.76

31.26 116.47 439.74 8.68

24.37 109.76 421.65 11.90

-3.37 -1.71 0.79 5.13

-5.90 -4.71 -2.14 -2.88

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.35

OECD EUROPE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

1460.09 246.46 824.60 153.86 40.36 0.51 164.90 29.41

1543.79 214.50 787.76 237.99 43.56 0.73 0.01 209.93 49.31

1590.85 173.65 735.57 290.91 63.12 1.98 0.25 272.03 53.36

1739.33 88.21 806.95 382.26 72.56 2.60 0.96 331.12 54.67

1857.87 81.43 825.71 409.06 85.45 3.09 1.65 372.60 78.89

1831.78 81.43 809.10 400.10 92.93 3.10 1.90 376.77 66.44

1829.27 79.50 802.79 400.03 96.29 3.23 2.11 379.55 65.77

0.51 -2.04 -0.67 3.82 2.67 8.34 2.99 3.57

0.78 -4.25 0.49 1.79 2.37 2.76 12.69 1.87 1.17

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

532.43 126.81 214.72 77.85 7.03 0.04 90.59 15.38

509.24 110.76 167.06 97.10 8.39 0.04 105.28 20.62

455.23 100.03 81.29 111.00 20.51 0.06 0.01 123.55 18.78

460.05 66.36 75.12 140.35 25.20 0.09 0.14 139.93 12.87

465.29 58.77 69.87 128.94 27.49 0.07 0.18 150.44 29.53

467.45 59.65 66.45 132.38 31.57 0.04 0.18 153.87 23.31

442.33 51.01 61.06 123.03 31.14 0.04 0.18 153.83 22.05

-0.92 -1.39 -5.55 2.11 6.50 2.53 1.84 1.18

-0.16 -3.67 -1.58 0.57 2.35 -2.95 16.69 1.23 0.90

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

248.48 9.79 233.60 0.22

297.93 3.63 287.60 0.81

377.37 0.30 369.05 0.43

451.38 0.01 440.31 1.04

488.42 0.01 468.90 2.46

497.16 0.01 474.27 2.72

488.22 0.01 461.69 3.15

2.49 -18.56 2.73 3.99

1.44 -18.65 1.25 11.63

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 4.86 345.93 79.02 144.63 43.30

0.00 5.89 366.81 68.26 116.48 75.52

0.01 7.58 397.39 48.97 93.86 108.25

1.01 9.00 428.38 16.44 90.11 155.96

7.90 9.15 449.76 16.76 80.78 177.32

11.08 9.09 428.89 16.16 64.41 169.28

14.14 9.23 448.46 20.09 72.64 173.80

5.41 2.65 0.82 -2.78 -2.51 5.54

50.72 1.10 0.67 -4.83 -1.41 2.67

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

26.32 0.42 41.18 11.07 136.43 19.20 82.12 7.89

28.45 0.64 0.01 58.03 19.42 149.71 23.11 72.12 14.36

39.83 1.31 0.18 78.11 26.87 157.69 17.87 39.50 38.12

42.65 1.90 0.64 93.63 27.03 176.33 2.00 32.39 50.06

45.17 2.33 1.28 106.32 19.81 206.36 2.08 31.24 63.23

45.18 2.36 1.49 105.80 24.21 203.52 1.79 26.59 59.87

45.92 2.46 1.69 107.76 24.10 215.66 3.47 32.16 64.99

2.47 6.97 3.84 5.35 0.86 -0.42 -4.21 9.71

0.79 3.57 13.26 1.80 -0.60 1.75 -8.70 -1.14 3.01

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.16 0.02 24.88 1.17 115.96 4.42 104.62 6.92

1.50 0.02 35.58 3.03 128.83 3.08 107.96 17.79

0.44 0.16 0.02 56.61 4.96 142.29 2.44 119.83 20.02

1.76 0.20 0.07 81.55 8.30 159.51 1.42 138.24 19.85

2.64 0.25 0.13 99.13 7.66 165.93 1.93 146.15 17.85

2.88 0.26 0.14 100.33 11.66 169.62 2.20 148.99 18.43

2.85 0.31 0.14 99.25 12.49 165.72 2.20 145.68 17.85

-5.49 13.52 4.95 8.89 1.21 -3.44 0.80 6.45

10.89 3.86 10.59 3.17 5.26 0.85 -0.57 1.09 -0.64

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

579.5 97.9 -77.4 7.8

608.9 143.2 -75.1 -14.4

516.4 168.2 -60.5 6.7

305.7 195.4 -48.0 13.4

267.0 249.6 -46.8 9.6

257.7 241.8 -39.5 -13.4

241.2 206.0 -33.5 -14.7

-0.7 3.2 -1.4 x

-3.8 2.0 -2.3 x

Primary supply

607.7

662.6

630.9

466.4

479.4

446.6

398.9

0.2

-1.9

Statistical difference

5.1

-7.3

-11.5

0.4

-0.0

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-341.8

-421.0

-431.8

-367.4

-386.6

-356.4

..

1.4

-1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-279.3 -258.2 -21.1

-364.9 -305.7 -59.2

-385.8 -335.8 -50.0

-329.7 -310.3 -19.5

-351.2 -331.0 -20.2

-322.3 -303.5 -18.8

.. .. ..

1.9 1.6 5.2

-1.0 -0.6 -5.3

Autoproducers Gas works

-8.9

-6.8

-3.1

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8

..

-6.1

-7.5

-53.7 2.4 -38.9 -17.9 0.8

-49.4 1.6 -37.9 -13.8 0.7

-42.9 -0.8 -32.7 -9.7 0.2

-37.1 -0.2 -30.1 -7.0 0.2

-34.8 -0.1 -28.9 -5.8 0.0

-33.3 -0.1 -27.2 -6.1 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.3 -1.0 -3.5 -7.4

-1.4 -10.2 -1.0 -2.5 -6.9

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-21.2

-18.3

-13.1

-10.1

-10.0

-9.6

..

-2.8

-1.7

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.3

-1.3

..

x

x

246.5

214.5

173.6

88.2

81.4

79.5

..

-2.0

-4.2

126.8 51.8 14.1 13.5 4.1

110.8 42.3 12.8 16.0 3.4

100.0 39.5 11.3 17.7 3.8

66.4 27.6 4.4 11.3 2.2

59.6 24.6 3.6 9.9 1.8

51.0 24.0 4.5 8.9 1.9

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.4 -1.6 -1.3 1.6 -0.5

-3.7 -2.7 -5.0 -3.7 -3.8

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

9.8

3.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-18.6

-18.6

105.4 19.2 79.0

97.0 23.1 68.3

70.9 17.9 49.0

20.4 2.0 16.4

19.6 1.8 16.2

26.3 3.5 20.1

.. .. ..

-2.3 -0.4 -2.8

-5.4 -8.7 -4.8

4.4

3.1

2.4

1.4

2.2

2.2

..

-3.4

-0.6

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.37

OECD EUROPE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

360.16 252.42 203.10 49.33 6.57 2.28 0.01 1.63 39.59 4.40 3.13 13.41 0.84 17.80 47.57 0.08

359.85 279.83 242.08 37.75 2.02 0.09 3.58 0.41 40.24 4.25 5.66 16.52 2.18 11.63 28.26 0.05

278.07 224.33 214.47 9.87 0.84 7.29 32.04 4.12 3.06 9.94 1.79 13.14 13.41 0.01

286.80 232.70 223.67 9.03 0.45 7.69 29.56 4.97 3.49 6.56 1.64 12.91 12.72 0.15

300.84 244.79 235.18 9.61 0.46 8.07 31.83 5.18 2.88 6.75 1.59 15.44 13.63 0.08

303.14 243.01 233.06 9.96 0.36 7.71 34.22 4.30 2.58 8.47 1.36 17.52 14.21 0.19

273.21 217.64 208.64 9.01 0.34 7.56 24.09 3.99 3.68 7.64 1.48 7.31 19.26 0.20

-0.01 0.86 1.47 -2.20 -9.37 -23.82 72.95 -10.93 0.14 -0.29 5.05 1.75 8.26 -3.48 -4.25 -3.32

-1.52 -1.39 -0.82 -7.65 -9.44 4.24 -2.81 -0.35 -2.37 -4.19 -2.13 -2.55 -2.11 7.86

145.14 7.14 6.19 0.95 135.41 2.46 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 -

129.45 18.23 14.32 3.91 107.92 1.45 0.26 1.98 1.63 0.01 0.34 0.14 -

92.81 13.37 10.17 3.20 73.01 1.78 2.65 0.24 0.00 0.02 2.39 0.10 0.23

81.35 12.70 10.73 1.97 64.76 2.81 0.82 0.23 0.01 0.57 0.13 0.22

84.77 12.20 9.95 2.25 69.26 2.74 0.50 0.26 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.23

87.15 13.48 11.40 2.08 69.57 3.38 0.50 0.21 0.04 0.25 0.08 0.23

83.17 10.52 8.78 1.73 68.72 2.80 0.75 0.50 0.06 0.19 0.12 0.22

-0.95 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.87 -17.08 24.49 57.52 13.00 8.07 -5.56 -

-2.43 -3.01 -2.68 -4.41 -2.48 3.71 -5.26 -6.34 8.87 -3.19 -0.87 -

591.89 359.55 343.49 16.06 134.34 6.40 48.24 1.12 14.37 1.65 4.04 27.07 28.55 0.83

659.79 462.88 436.44 26.44 108.97 2.83 40.44 1.40 10.72 1.64 1.96 24.71 39.46 0.58

441.80 404.51 398.29 6.22 12.18 1.35 13.92 0.22 3.13 0.65 0.47 9.46 7.88 0.02

441.28 409.37 403.35 6.02 12.44 1.49 8.78 0.09 2.99 0.34 0.43 4.94 7.72 0.04

435.21 400.52 394.68 5.84 13.04 1.51 9.95 0.08 3.01 0.52 0.35 6.00 8.99 0.04

449.09 415.26 410.00 5.26 12.26 1.49 8.88 0.09 1.87 0.61 0.37 5.95 9.11 0.04

436.69 404.58 398.33 6.25 12.84 1.64 8.60 0.07 2.00 0.62 0.36 5.55 7.55 0.04

0.91 2.13 2.02 4.24 -1.73 -6.57 -1.46 1.91 -2.41 -0.03 -5.84 -0.76 2.73 -2.94

-2.27 -0.75 -0.51 -7.70 -11.20 -3.00 -8.24 -15.14 -8.91 -5.26 -9.06 -7.96 -8.78 -14.44

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

97.87 70.11 .. .. 5.30 22.46

143.17 117.95 49.56 68.38 5.73 19.49

168.25 150.74 56.94 93.80 5.08 0.10 12.32

195.37 179.11 56.69 122.43 1.87 0.10 14.28

227.31 213.65 53.46 160.19 1.01 0.13 12.52

248.02 234.29 56.82 177.48 1.10 0.12 12.51

249.56 235.01 59.03 175.99 1.09 0.18 13.28

241.77 227.64 59.40 168.24 1.28 0.23 12.62

205.98 196.98 40.69 156.29 0.95 0.22 7.82

77.44 52.78 .. .. 1.43 23.23

75.08 51.51 20.95 30.56 4.54 0.00 19.03

60.46 42.05 19.56 22.49 4.28 0.12 14.00

48.02 38.28 9.76 28.52 1.31 0.06 8.37

41.66 32.06 6.47 25.58 0.65 0.05 8.90

47.58 34.42 7.88 26.54 0.87 0.04 12.25

46.77 34.14 7.07 27.07 0.74 0.02 11.88

39.45 27.40 5.87 21.53 0.89 0.01 11.15

33.52 24.67 5.94 18.74 0.70 0.01 8.14

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.39

OECD EUROPE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

92461

142735

159823

160761

196334

258504

261281

252041

219985

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

40078 4497 294 909 10550 6190 79 8745 105

52224 9734 1107 695 5219 5025 87 22793 285

55545 10043 2812 774 3141 2570 65 28433 80

52723 13043 4176 2985 37 6573 21067 369

56071 21757 7072 3388 2 3125 16901 31

55745 22012 7028 4562 3 4053 13440 74

58549 23357 7690 4678 3246 15079 115

59030 21803 6426 4366 2532 18292 183

40616 10775 1953 3791 183 2521 15335 641

206 3005 5498

50 256 1441 5532

1 24 46 158 2419 4979

12 85 214 206 526 22 990 2418

2 140 441 388 2327 26 418 53 -

291 206 65 2331 713 815 40 112

70 154 150 1789 674 1059 488

158 328 494 1903 648 1023 75 799

946 260 1174 1681 198 544 614

52383 2955 816 243 6716 15647 2285 499 980

90511 11160 1435 462 3526 15429 2394 16541 2698

104278 9790 832 327 2124 13084 2423 20504 3548

108038 7478 307 1517 844 15620 713 20460 1776

140263 9416 12 2393 437 18590 593 4724 3664

202759 6476 210 1214 436 14941 195 3379 2670

202732 7717 804 1368 457 10866 203 5541 5164

193011 6431 271 1519 585 8523 399 12918 6623

179369 5026 498 2136 417 6703 1375 11128 5952

21 10814 2863 8544

236 1544 26339 1895 6852

2783 9060 194 26099 6115 1475 5920

2307 11231 2409 32967 7285 687 1831 364 242

1887 22500 8230 42828 15298 891 3081 560 5159

2009 28536 20555 55207 57964 2696 1091 396 4784

2506 31761 17115 48586 60015 2139 1305 174 7011

1812 29820 15471 38425 60424 2687 1340 76 5687

856 33962 12753 30576 61118 1856 636 10 4367

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

35537

25596

19781

18218

9747

8092

7234

6007

6041

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25095 1283 2383 6331 154 54 4005 804 286 1426 125 122 5126 1826 387 18 89 573 103

15893 1582 1572 2680 241 8 2439 851 134 125 4183 637 254 5 1182 -

11025 1351 858 203 1697 144 3 1017 573 52 3681 649 3 794 -

11983 2 1897 559 871 9 534 634 362 1 1287 3 3 18 10 995 156 896 117 2657 58 310 3 178 421 2

8106 1844 1 214 717 108 1061 1010 4 323 53 538 1570 65 494 100 4 -

7363 1517 4 944 80 208 604 1 94 30 1367 2299 142 73 -

7035 1458 16 1024 8 25 16 580 106 9 1863 1905 25 -

5974 742 125 949 9 23 501 17 1900 1708 -

5683 1332 43 625 474 427 31 5 777 1587 70 10 302 -

2491 15 520 5 1951

3862 861 4 861 2136

4676 1249 100 284 100 1249 1694

6157 790 48 217 5102

1641 143 529 62 2 2 903

729 70 298 361

199 199

32 32

252 13 239

7951

5841

4080

78

-

-

-

1

106

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.41

OECD EUROPE 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

33590

31963

25276

28034

32159

29279

30463

23979

20827

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25347 275 2633 274 4161 4095 6035 3171 1 540 1530 52 938 167 15 237 21 244 90 74 149 645

23616 1 1001 1373 1378 3454 2461 1975 4042 15 21 1287 1211 107 1282 286 179 79 389 1666 287 1122 -

20776 1 1216 1471 2282 1387 2815 1167 4942 18 793 600 61 3 1341 339 1 186 198 275 864 52 764 -

22159 12 1050 1414 1874 3214 2559 1152 5655 1 374 20 686 307 50 617 311 304 151 404 129 809 11 1054 1

31202 1643 610 864 2382 1228 2415 15884 2 322 7 468 923 164 363 603 117 5 1217 441 172 20 1351 1

29090 2204 482 42 946 745 567 2708 16273 133 330 88 509 155 30 612 417 126 144 667 145 297 17 1389 64

30063 2255 235 32 1377 821 274 1652 17174 172 254 91 541 806 96 1 869 387 291 228 578 203 303 2 1389 32

23744 1930 318 3 937 639 155 2030 11601 76 216 59 491 1577 81 812 358 482 255 556 128 92 101 847 -

20523 1977 201 7 829 307 210 2265 8268 144 51 556 1234 119 1202 238 786 265 541 101 78 77 176 891 -

85 31 54

1636 13 77 3 188 1355

722 10 1 1 16 375 3 316

4982 37 1 4944

923 2 3 16 2 4 896

176 17 1 1 4 2 13 1 137

397 16 1 275 4 16 85

175 5 22 22 40 86

118 20 2 15 1 80

8158

6711

3778

893

34

13

3

60

186

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

65.01

58.49

47.88

78.12

109.61

125.86

126.10

197.62

187.35

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

67.29 64.53 67.03 63.98 63.07 63.56 68.65 58.81 57.44

57.03 57.02 82.00 59.26 61.20 51.72 59.04 49.65 56.00

45.45 45.92 .. 50.43 52.91 43.24 35.62 39.09 42.02

73.63 76.64 98.50 108.71 84.75 198.13 84.09 61.31 86.41

114.89 113.81 242.07 138.92 110.91 219.14 104.26 71.77 86.05

135.52 137.66 112.10 118.82 123.44 146.38 2611.31 66.18 81.32

127.97 129.45 133.32 139.47 126.16 238.11 92.53 96.82 86.75

219.74 218.81 235.16 245.85 174.66 276.79 167.74 141.18 142.20

243.76 223.39 160.08 137.24 159.91 .. 86.35 81.99 109.45

Steam coal(3)

52.64

47.51

35.22

61.91

71.27

69.83

82.27

138.12

99.69

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

52.03 52.72 65.54 61.05 54.69 49.36 52.60 45.18 44.69

45.06 44.71 63.84 46.78 49.12 45.29 43.42 43.76 42.55

39.04 37.33 40.97 35.30 41.07 31.45 34.22 33.83 33.59

69.05 87.68 83.24 68.95 61.50 60.61 61.54 58.00 65.14

106.40 119.03 113.59 78.34 86.75 93.41 67.98 67.64 68.46

109.71 146.42 102.69 75.65 82.08 150.20 66.07 66.24 68.03

103.93 112.33 112.36 94.13 97.50 73.02 78.15 80.22 79.10

185.19 180.46 158.65 156.01 137.82 161.11 138.18 142.06 132.27

149.29 167.55 140.77 114.47 107.28 552.50 94.56 95.51 90.97

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.43

IEA TOTAL* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 8000

140

7000

120

6000

100

5000

80

4000

60

3000 40 2000 20

1000

0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1800

1800

1600

1600

1400

1400

1200

1200

1000

1000

800

800

600

600

400

400

200

200

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12000

14000

10000

12000 10000

8000

8000 6000 6000 4000

4000

2000

2000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

5243.76 1202.16 2745.29 993.33 114.04 70.31 109.83 7.98 0.07 0.74 -

5649.06 1375.19 2668.15 1083.01 145.64 231.79 130.81 12.52 0.10 1.86 -

6222.49 1520.45 2527.07 1166.44 190.73 641.77 140.31 29.91 2.67 3.05 0.08

7265.66 1538.87 2855.66 1600.50 238.29 832.57 157.07 33.61 8.24 0.27 0.59

7584.21 1637.29 2859.27 1736.05 303.61 842.38 150.48 29.56 24.31 0.52 0.72

7480.82 1600.68 2758.39 1745.58 316.02 842.52 154.90 30.41 29.94 1.50 0.87

7127.44 1442.59 2602.26 1716.25 316.10 828.19 153.32 31.73 34.52 1.62 0.86

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.01 1.39 -0.49 0.95 3.07 13.89 1.45 8.08 24.04 8.72 -

1.03 0.29 0.49 2.26 2.85 1.52 0.55 0.09 14.36 -3.87 13.98

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 11962 0.44 848.8 6.18 152.8 165.4 97.6 4415 ..

1980 14402 0.39 898.9 6.28 136.8 157.2 101.8 5574 ..

1990 19563 0.32 961.2 6.47 110.9 127.9 100.3 7440 ..

2000 25334 0.29 1028.2 7.07 100.0 100.0 100.0 9410 ..

2007 29601 0.26 1075.9 7.05 89.3 91.1 95.6 10382 ..

2008 29722 0.25 1082.9 6.91 87.8 88.7 95.2 10401 ..

2009e 29045 0.25 1088.1 6.55 85.6 81.8 .. 9960 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.94 2.35 -1.87 -1.29 0.73 0.66 0.28 0.36 -1.87 -1.29 -1.50 -2.02 0.16 -0.29 3.12 1.88 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

288.05 740.20 213.08 2.30

302.45 845.73 230.24 2.67

279.11 966.36 265.66 4.96

227.33 926.63 207.60 3.38

246.23 1002.89 207.15 2.62

249.05 1011.79 206.74 2.93

217.51 962.01 197.19 4.05

-0.26 2.25 1.85 6.61

-0.63 0.26 -1.38 -2.88

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

293.39 890.40 666.16 8.05

307.01 1025.03 699.43 9.34

279.57 1169.16 806.24 14.68

233.06 1150.19 614.12 10.36

256.02 1247.83 621.84 7.76

259.44 1261.15 615.96 8.68

226.41 1196.46 586.63 11.90

-0.40 2.30 1.60 5.13

-0.41 0.42 -1.48 -2.88

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.45

IEA TOTAL 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

3949.38 405.65 2220.77 726.10 109.69 0.07 457.50 29.59

4089.42 352.48 2179.77 793.78 137.48 0.10 0.04 574.89 50.88

4279.10 327.86 2181.40 822.78 115.90 2.18 2.04 769.45 57.48

5007.34 196.99 2525.32 1042.01 173.72 3.19 4.35 993.17 68.60

5190.50 195.06 2600.98 1004.89 197.69 4.33 4.39 1086.14 97.03

5205.14 196.21 2564.38 1030.87 209.60 4.57 4.78 1109.69 85.03

5110.95 189.86 2463.71 1035.54 218.52 5.00 5.07 1109.21 84.03

0.47 -1.24 -0.11 0.74 0.32 22.27 3.11 3.98

0.99 -2.99 0.68 1.29 3.59 4.73 5.18 2.05 2.13

1343.25 253.64 439.42 353.37 58.14 223.17 15.52

1307.27 223.65 386.25 346.04 67.91 261.37 22.05

1133.74 225.13 226.55 306.30 48.25 0.31 0.01 307.51 19.68

1247.19 169.00 191.80 387.27 96.92 0.36 0.14 378.68 23.01

1210.94 166.30 186.89 347.85 100.84 0.37 0.18 365.77 42.74

1213.51 166.66 173.67 361.60 102.67 0.39 0.18 371.61 36.73

1169.43 153.68 167.95 349.24 98.81 0.40 0.18 364.04 35.13

-0.99 -0.70 -3.82 -0.84 -1.09 1.90 1.41

0.17 -2.10 -1.65 0.73 4.06 1.37 16.70 0.94 3.27

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

971.14 10.30 929.04 24.28

1079.79 3.64 1043.34 24.22

1292.88 0.40 1254.88 26.68

1571.63 0.14 1522.81 29.95

1666.97 0.14 1599.08 29.73

1682.87 0.14 1604.77 31.56

1626.92 0.15 1537.32 31.82

1.70 -17.38 1.78 0.56

1.28 -5.18 1.13 0.98

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 7.51 768.16 95.33 278.51 219.46

0.00 8.59 774.51 83.53 206.54 255.33

0.01 10.91 822.64 63.67 160.71 285.02

5.76 12.97 954.62 19.24 170.12 367.36

24.40 13.61 965.50 18.41 144.90 371.07

32.80 13.60 968.11 17.65 128.96 377.13

43.93 13.69 988.02 21.66 132.42 386.09

5.41 2.22 0.40 -2.35 -3.18 1.55

x 1.27 1.02 -5.82 -1.07 1.70

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

31.90 0.07 131.82 11.07 405.47 24.34 185.43 104.05

33.61 0.10 0.04 175.98 19.38 416.59 26.26 149.36 113.78

45.45 0.76 1.91 238.31 26.81 500.43 22.91 119.23 144.48

63.19 1.65 3.99 300.66 28.40 612.91 4.32 114.95 187.19

63.56 2.47 3.97 339.57 21.53 664.70 5.24 104.93 197.70

64.98 2.68 4.33 346.37 26.01 673.12 5.18 94.65 202.87

66.34 3.05 4.61 347.85 26.01 688.98 6.93 97.14 211.64

2.10 14.91 3.54 5.34 1.25 -0.36 -2.56 1.95

2.12 8.05 5.02 2.12 -0.17 1.79 -6.42 -1.13 2.14

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.16 89.28 1.21 311.38 4.42 299.79 7.18

1.54 122.44 3.21 340.49 3.27 315.66 21.56

0.52 0.19 0.09 204.75 8.27 399.54 3.48 349.55 46.51

3.77 0.72 0.11 291.10 10.75 511.35 2.30 454.70 54.35

6.23 1.00 0.17 338.55 10.88 536.16 2.98 494.63 38.55

6.40 1.02 0.18 347.78 15.03 538.77 4.83 494.40 39.55

6.69 1.06 0.18 349.55 15.78 505.63 4.67 462.19 38.78

-4.61 5.00 12.00 1.48 -1.40 0.91 11.62

15.26 10.02 3.71 3.02 3.65 1.32 1.65 1.56 -1.00

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1166.8 173.5 -158.7 20.5

1381.1 235.0 -214.8 -26.1

1516.1 312.2 -286.5 -21.3

1364.9 425.0 -308.0 57.0

1458.9 541.9 -361.5 -2.0

1470.5 541.2 -386.3 -24.8

1380.8 470.9 -367.1 -42.0

1.6 3.5 3.5 x

-0.2 3.1 1.7 x

Primary supply

1202.2

1375.2

1520.4

1538.9

1637.3

1600.7

1442.6

1.4

0.3

Statistical difference

21.2

-20.5

2.9

22.5

-14.3

-19.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-780.7

-974.0

-1173.7

-1344.3

-1404.7

-1370.2

..

2.4

0.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-638.8 -617.7 -21.1

-848.8 -785.3 -63.6

-1068.0 -1000.7 -67.3

-1249.4 -1196.6 -52.8

-1322.4 -1278.4 -44.0

-1284.2 -1241.8 -42.4

.. .. ..

3.1 2.9 7.1

1.0 1.2 -2.5

Autoproducers Gas works

-12.0

-8.6

-6.3

-3.6

-3.2

-3.4

..

-3.7

-3.3

-129.9 2.2 -93.7 -37.6 -0.8

-116.6 1.4 -80.0 -38.1 0.1

-99.4 -0.8 -76.7 -17.4 -4.6

-91.4 -0.2 -77.4 -13.8 -0.0

-79.1 -0.2 -74.2 -10.6 5.9

-82.6 -0.2 -70.4 -12.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.2 -4.5 11.2

-1.0 -7.4 -0.5 -2.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-33.7

-26.7

-21.0

-19.0

-20.7

-20.4

..

-2.7

-0.2

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.3

-1.3

..

x

x

405.6

352.5

327.9

197.0

196.2

189.9

..

-1.2

-3.0

253.6 130.8 26.4 20.3 11.6

223.6 103.3 24.7 32.1 11.2

225.1 80.5 28.0 41.3 16.2

169.0 62.0 18.2 35.8 8.2

166.7 58.6 16.1 32.0 10.7

153.7 57.9 16.5 30.2 11.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.7 -2.8 0.3 4.3 2.0

-2.1 -1.8 -2.9 -1.7 -2.1

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

10.3

3.6

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.2

..

-17.4

-5.2

137.3 24.3 95.3

121.9 26.3 83.5

98.9 22.9 63.7

25.5 4.3 19.2

24.6 5.2 17.7

31.4 6.9 21.7

.. .. ..

-1.9 -0.4 -2.3

-6.2 -6.4 -5.8

4.4

3.3

3.5

2.3

4.8

4.7

..

-1.4

1.6

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.47

IEA TOTAL 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

913.64 701.37 651.67 49.70 25.21 2.40 0.01 1.83 92.99 9.59 13.82 27.16 9.02 33.41 57.64 0.08

1203.53 1006.38 957.22 49.16 22.83 5.97 3.76 0.41 119.16 7.95 22.55 41.80 15.79 31.07 35.26 0.33

1363.24 1228.60 1195.13 33.47 2.06 11.46 9.69 100.93 8.18 17.49 36.50 8.53 30.24 18.19 0.34

1483.84 1212.93 1186.12 26.81 122.25 12.41 9.71 95.96 9.98 14.83 31.48 11.37 28.31 17.34 0.68

1490.61 1242.78 1217.11 25.66 96.99 12.39 10.21 99.95 10.30 14.80 31.84 11.70 31.31 17.28 0.52

1512.95 1231.27 1204.98 26.29 130.12 13.34 10.00 102.62 10.08 14.50 32.69 11.33 34.03 17.99 1.91

1486.98 1329.97 1304.11 25.86 2.63 11.28 10.21 93.58 9.49 15.89 31.00 11.87 25.33 23.11 1.62

2.32 3.05 3.26 -0.09 -0.82 7.88 73.63 -11.75 2.09 -1.55 4.17 3.66 4.78 -0.60 -4.01 12.80

1.18 1.56 1.73 -3.51 -11.32 3.60 5.72 -1.33 0.99 -1.92 -1.65 -1.58 -1.13 -2.32 9.24

288.75 7.14 6.19 0.95 271.50 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

252.55 18.23 14.32 3.91 225.18 6.71 0.26 2.13 1.63 0.49 0.16 -

204.51 13.37 10.17 3.20 170.35 15.75 2.64 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

189.29 12.70 10.73 1.97 2.81 156.05 18.73 0.80 0.23 0.57 0.13 0.22

193.29 12.20 9.95 2.25 2.26 160.16 19.01 0.73 0.51 0.22 0.11 0.23

197.72 13.48 11.40 2.08 2.37 159.30 21.10 0.64 0.38 0.01 0.25 0.08 0.23

193.86 10.52 8.78 1.73 160.45 19.17 1.03 0.84 0.01 0.19 0.12 0.22

-1.11 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.55 -23.92 19.18 30.01 8.98 -4.53 -

-1.46 -3.01 -2.68 -4.41 -1.87 6.01 -3.93 -3.65 -5.25 -1.68 -

666.47 427.96 410.91 17.05 137.19 6.40 51.14 1.12 14.39 1.65 4.51 29.47 28.94 0.83

815.27 609.01 580.39 28.62 110.75 8.47 42.05 1.40 10.98 1.65 2.06 25.97 39.71 0.67

624.09 580.95 572.38 8.57 13.13 7.02 15.68 0.22 3.37 0.65 0.57 10.88 8.08 0.16

624.61 585.44 577.34 8.09 13.33 6.88 9.38 0.09 3.23 0.35 0.49 5.24 7.85 0.21

615.71 571.50 563.64 7.86 13.73 7.10 10.56 0.08 3.24 0.53 0.41 6.30 9.11 0.20

631.18 587.12 581.84 5.28 12.91 6.82 9.44 0.09 2.12 0.62 0.37 6.24 9.36 0.04

622.83 575.15 568.88 6.27 13.45 6.94 9.15 0.07 2.23 0.62 0.36 5.87 7.75 0.04

1.69 2.98 2.92 4.41 -1.77 2.36 -1.62 1.91 -2.23 -0.02 -6.32 -1.05 2.67 -1.78

-1.48 -0.32 -0.11 -8.09 -11.05 -1.10 -8.12 -15.14 -8.47 -5.26 -9.30 -7.93 -8.68 -15.12

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

173.50 144.44 .. .. 5.30 23.75

235.02 208.89 124.90 83.99 5.73 20.40

312.18 293.19 140.66 152.53 5.08 0.10 13.81

424.97 399.40 135.44 263.95 4.67 0.10 20.80

499.05 475.02 132.78 342.24 5.10 0.13 18.80

532.48 508.84 136.67 372.17 4.14 0.12 19.38

541.90 516.79 141.27 375.52 6.02 0.18 18.92

541.23 514.69 142.36 372.33 7.08 0.23 19.23

470.94 457.79 113.73 344.06 3.74 0.22 9.18

158.67 131.78 .. .. 1.44 25.46

214.83 187.26 124.91 62.34 4.57 0.00 23.00

286.54 264.94 161.22 103.72 4.32 0.12 17.15

308.01 294.27 162.62 131.65 1.33 0.06 12.35

338.40 325.24 176.50 148.74 0.83 0.05 12.28

345.49 328.60 171.56 157.03 1.10 0.04 15.76

361.53 345.70 186.83 158.87 1.10 0.02 14.72

386.30 370.40 200.53 169.88 1.93 0.01 13.96

367.14 355.61 179.74 175.87 1.05 0.01 10.46

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.49

IEA TOTAL 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

164431

269596

307030

350149

440358

566998

580425

578320

516975

98417 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 24605 116

135759 43471 20428 695 5219 5025 71 43710 686

136252 49608 16128 774 3141 2570 52 43199 305

133795 52923 17183 2985 37 6573 32737 660

138556 67155 17972 3388 2 3118 24038 391

139265 68690 15484 4562 3 4053 17773 384

144101 74253 17796 4678 3246 18654 275

145322 72665 16319 4366 2532 23244 384

116603 51104 12263 3791 183 2521 19862 937

420 2566 5249 5512

1211 50 103 5342 4216 5532

2803 177 714 3213 8569 4999

5339 137 4843 3643 3267 22 990 2456

9557 140 6327 991 4825 26 454 80 92

9194 222 10622 90 6369 713 815 40 251

5880 163 10659 284 5992 668 1059 494

5789 338 11027 542 5492 648 1023 75 878

2760 284 16500 1174 3824 198 544 31 627

66014 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 980

133837 30433 4051 462 3523 15429 2394 26870 2716

170778 34664 9885 327 2124 13084 2428 35842 3686

216354 51101 13108 1517 845 15609 713 33298 2124

301802 76734 10111 2393 431 18590 589 21162 4288

427733 94805 7130 1214 436 14922 178 12614 3377

436324 100621 9697 1368 389 10863 197 10736 5484

432998 107214 8730 1519 585 8523 404 20236 6991

400372 117450 6605 2136 417 6703 1575 15879 5902

534 11967 3012 9163

2663 2081 306 32671 2915 157 7166

6287 10450 1000 33156 9517 1752 150 6426

15372 14281 11656 39460 10474 687 3506 1860 743

34740 29418 23066 46337 20821 891 4985 1572 5674

31368 53664 66637 55514 69545 2696 5343 3282 5008

30242 57118 69054 49170 73809 2237 5036 3199 7104

26725 55122 68670 39135 74163 2741 3501 2821 5918

15607 51248 58366 31892 73819 1915 1843 3533 5482

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes)

Total Exports Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

107072

152492

162286

169662

168603

180273

196284

210734

188525

90281 1283 3860 5410 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

123513 1582 5031 6360 8609 950 7 13 62 10228 59198 7014 498 5206 232 369 4183 4283 1564 5 2232 5777 110

122399 1351 7450 4018 50 330 8494 877 28 3 8734 55410 7852 3 5273 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

127906 125 1897 5890 4039 871 9 1249 6177 999 1 1287 39 3 7824 53979 15654 10 517 5766 239 896 434 2657 3267 2006 3 3681 7612 775

127377 122 1844 4551 3501 214 1005 6629 4891 1075 48 4 7381 52798 15305 1406 4745 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 46 3954 8626 540

124623 1547 3594 4134 944 1172 5061 4658 674 19 1 6507 52688 12277 2125 9336 1367 2353 3109 1596 3357 6606 1498

128451 1583 3363 3299 1024 8 719 5645 2805 580 30 6595 57550 11482 1565 10034 19 2264 2820 3323 1741 3826 6708 1468

139664 1036 4702 3266 949 219 965 5530 4100 276 675 50 68 5945 60460 14398 2192 9929 78 3452 2584 3870 1825 257 4503 6770 1565

115011 1612 3444 2168 650 73 755 4019 3836 62 46 3874 49491 19052 1171 6983 36 1666 219 1748 2122 1426 137 4140 5333 948

8840 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 951 69 2194

23138 7958 2772 769 2080 1646 1564 1829 192 1041 3287

30609 8867 3155 1009 5179 50 3915 1068 2621 860 963 2922

41063 11064 5451 1672 9831 127 2455 947 1517 317 1366 6316

37791 10695 7713 1211 10795 56 505 1825 1869 265 1051 1806

46195 9288 8937 1392 17081 194 146 881 2513 3500 437 1826

57181 10870 9270 1951 20334 273 543 2789 2704 3563 496 4388

58504 10869 7595 1736 25876 281 1998 2664 1992 2198 682 2613

66181 11842 2736 835 26148 146 368 1687 1313 19296 687 1123

7951

5841

9278

693

3435

9455

10652

12566

7333

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.51

IEA TOTAL 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

49931

105530

113416

128950

146885

163965

170800

179206

183901

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 52 1285 167 15 237 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

82613 2 1001 2856 8508 1378 8297 3669 3461 5228 1278 28 1622 5070 18173 7942 107 44 6539 429 805 79 1630 1896 295 275 1846 155

93807 2 1216 3778 10083 2282 5857 2815 3859 5451 33 2248 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 401 1 1572 198 762 1040 81 15 2097 225

105848 12 1050 3480 4541 1874 6195 3089 2049 7364 1 374 20 1636 4122 40735 13462 50 5194 336 304 1977 404 2350 861 11 216 3901 240

123176 1643 1467 13524 864 2594 1228 3413 16478 112 322 7 1208 1430 51874 13730 164 373 3556 16 677 117 348 1217 2327 255 20 110 3866 236

137337 2204 845 13951 946 1371 927 3644 16842 133 330 88 509 155 60978 21157 30 4918 1506 82 417 126 411 667 1464 366 17 2866 387

136930 2330 772 13418 1377 1053 450 3438 18312 172 254 91 869 941 60912 16041 96 5218 3944 85 387 291 486 578 1189 404 2 1 3567 252

148408 1930 1503 17558 937 778 340 3977 12857 142 216 59 1458 1864 69501 20465 81 1340 4278 80 358 591 646 556 1663 489 250 34 4270 187

140428 24 1977 803 7454 829 676 281 3376 8997 152 144 51 556 1451 64967 33909 119 2928 4818 238 786 1066 541 250 78 77 177 3611 92

384 11 76 32 82 129 54

14542 91 6336 93 998 253 212 2695 2229 1635

14604 345 6866 1 48 1058 49 1057 642 2554 1621 363

22207 190 7953 1 1 1257 381 1099 1230 3420 1672 5003

23121 22 10034 2 2469 2623 828 1438 1440 3303 962

26318 231 13208 17 1567 321 931 192 1206 4077 4357 211

33867 206 16235 16 746 679 1151 2487 1464 3241 7489 153

30611 443 18559 22 733 177 73 1737 1421 1901 5157 388

38182 6 20302 20 828 672 2 645 816 10121 1755 3015

9050

8375

5005

895

588

310

3

187

5291

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA NORTH AMERICA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4000

160

3500

140

3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60 40

1000

20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1000

900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500 400

400

300

300 200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 6000

7000

5000

6000 5000

4000

4000 3000 3000 2000

2000

1000

1000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.53

IEA NORTH AMERICA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

2698.98 466.16 1281.25 788.26 64.73 39.01 56.52 3.01 0.03 -

2853.25 567.80 1264.93 746.19 88.77 113.96 65.11 6.57 -0.06 -

3033.82 692.11 1190.51 704.23 100.75 255.40 70.01 20.14 0.46 0.20 -

3606.82 807.55 1368.92 888.31 121.30 324.09 75.15 18.70 3.00 -0.21 -

3726.64 830.31 1431.48 890.40 132.50 346.28 76.21 12.55 6.86 0.04 -

3643.56 817.19 1354.32 885.45 138.41 346.89 78.53 12.97 9.75 0.06 -

3460.22 724.52 1269.14 887.94 132.67 342.71 78.80 12.92 11.71 -0.18 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.69 2.35 -0.43 -0.66 2.64 11.69 1.27 11.83 11.90 -

1.02 0.93 0.72 1.28 1.78 1.72 0.64 -2.42 18.46 -6.89 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4647 0.58 234.4 11.51 171.1 132.0 108.4 2236 ..

1980 5554 0.51 252.2 11.31 151.3 134.5 111.9 2801 ..

1990 7608 0.40 277.9 10.92 117.5 119.7 107.0 3685 ..

2000 10624 0.34 313.1 11.52 100.0 100.0 100.0 4631 ..

2007 12560 0.30 334.7 11.14 87.4 87.0 92.0 4966 ..

2008 12613 0.29 337.9 10.78 85.1 85.2 91.7 4995 ..

2009e 12450 0.28 341.1 10.15 81.9 76.6 .. 4784 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.94 2.85 -2.19 -1.78 1.01 1.09 -0.31 -0.07 -2.19 -1.78 -0.57 -1.87 -0.07 -0.86 2.98 1.70 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

106.78 421.01 23.37 -

132.98 505.67 30.53 -

123.37 651.04 54.51 -

79.92 679.21 56.96 -

69.78 737.15 54.17 -

79.44 743.47 52.72 -

64.46 681.07 51.30 -

1.21 3.70 7.31 -

-2.42 0.74 -0.19 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

105.98 487.96 44.51 -

131.87 598.48 59.30 -

120.92 770.40 110.57 -

82.45 845.33 112.98 -

75.43 939.07 107.84 -

85.71 954.35 103.57 -

69.54 877.14 100.73 -

1.10 3.88 7.88 -

-1.89 1.20 -0.36 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA NORTH AMERICA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2066.58 112.81 1098.78 558.62 64.35 231.88 0.14

2094.79 86.42 1098.76 533.76 88.28 286.10 1.47

2075.10 83.92 1074.40 494.70 42.70 0.48 374.92 3.98

2479.79 51.56 1248.86 590.42 88.34 0.74 2.06 489.11 8.70

2514.95 50.50 1326.20 506.84 98.53 1.32 1.83 518.40 11.33

2552.79 50.63 1314.20 539.04 102.29 1.48 1.89 531.82 11.43

2492.16 49.02 1244.72 543.68 107.82 1.66 1.96 532.25 11.03

0.02 -1.73 -0.13 -0.71 -2.38 2.87 21.94

1.02 -2.94 0.82 0.53 5.28 7.15 1.97 5.83

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

627.58 92.64 123.24 270.24 48.97 92.35 0.14

624.92 74.78 144.40 239.61 56.35 108.34 1.43

472.63 69.61 72.91 181.05 21.06 127.09 0.90

553.21 47.96 45.88 224.56 62.25 0.16 165.29 7.11

506.23 47.74 59.30 189.62 62.68 0.16 137.62 9.13

506.56 46.57 53.56 199.34 59.95 0.17 137.83 9.14

499.78 45.19 57.62 195.85 56.57 0.18 135.55 8.82

-1.65 -1.67 -3.04 -2.33 -4.84 1.90 11.73

0.31 -2.37 -1.30 0.44 5.64 0.36 13.52

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

639.81 0.18 614.65 24.06

670.84 646.77 23.41

758.12 731.07 26.15

914.83 880.51 28.48

972.66 928.75 26.09

980.61 930.20 27.45

940.25 882.31 27.06

1.00 1.03 0.49

1.20 1.05 0.19

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.92 375.63 4.77 120.29 170.29

0.66 348.39 2.35 74.47 170.28

0.91 341.02 2.19 44.32 162.73

4.74 1.10 421.29 1.95 50.22 185.84

16.36 1.46 404.94 0.06 37.89 164.42

21.46 1.50 427.63 0.04 39.22 178.50

29.41 1.46 429.41 0.05 35.91 183.23

-0.10 -0.57 -4.47 -5.70 -0.27

2.68 1.29 -19.37 -1.16 0.66

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.73 77.55 236.58 4.87 78.65 94.03

2.73 98.57 229.78 2.63 52.80 96.74

2.30 129.47 0.00 258.56 3.45 36.26 99.39

17.44 0.31 2.06 163.48 314.96 1.27 32.05 119.98

15.98 0.66 1.83 184.10 0.00 324.32 2.19 32.97 107.50

17.35 0.79 1.89 189.83 0.00 336.66 2.43 32.48 114.11

18.03 0.95 1.96 189.28 342.69 2.51 32.58 118.28

-1.01 3.06 0.52 -2.01 -4.45 0.33

12.13 2.13 1.58 -1.76 -0.59 0.97

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

59.03 137.18 137.18 -

77.57 0.04 162.28 0.18 158.76 3.33

116.38 3.08 191.52 0.47 166.39 24.67

1.77 0.27 158.01 1.59 247.17 0.38 216.07 30.73

3.09 0.50 175.86 2.21 258.14 0.49 239.07 18.58

3.01 0.52 181.82 2.29 252.84 1.52 232.37 18.95

3.30 0.53 183.28 2.22 230.86 1.27 211.02 18.57

4.07 1.98 1.14 -

2.56 -1.81 1.04 5.75 1.33 -1.57

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.55

IEA NORTH AMERICA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

492.9 16.0 -55.2 12.5

669.2 16.9 -97.9 -20.4

828.9 16.7 -127.8 -25.7

816.1 35.8 -82.3 37.9

861.1 46.7 -75.9 -1.7

875.6 47.2 -96.8 -8.8

796.8 28.6 -74.5 -26.4

3.1 0.2 5.1 x

0.3 6.0 -1.5 x

Primary supply

466.2

567.8

692.1

807.6

830.3

817.2

724.5

2.4

0.9

Statistical difference

18.7

-10.9

10.7

22.9

-13.0

-8.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-363.4

-466.8

-617.0

-776.7

-763.6

-756.7

..

3.2

1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-321.7 -321.7 -

-438.7 -438.7 -0.0

-595.8 -589.5 -6.2

-756.2 -739.3 -17.0

-753.1 -747.8 -5.3

-740.6 -735.3 -5.2

.. .. ..

3.7 3.6 -

1.2 1.2 -1.0

Autoproducers Gas works

-0.1

-

-2.6

-2.7

-2.5

-2.7

..

26.0

0.1

-41.6 -27.7 -13.9 -

-28.2 -18.4 -9.8 -

-18.6 -12.9 -5.7 -

-17.8 -12.3 -5.5 -

-7.9 -9.7 -4.1 5.8

-13.4 -9.3 -4.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.6 -4.4 -5.1 -

-1.8 -1.8 -1.8 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.6

-3.6

-1.9

-2.1

-3.1

-3.0

..

-8.5

2.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

112.8

86.4

83.9

51.6

50.6

49.0

..

-1.7

-2.9

92.6 52.1 11.9 5.9 7.1

74.8 33.7 11.2 10.3 7.4

69.6 20.4 12.5 11.7 10.5

48.0 13.8 9.6 12.4 3.7

46.6 9.3 7.4 10.8 6.5

45.2 9.5 7.2 9.9 6.7

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -5.4 0.3 4.2 2.3

-2.4 -4.2 -3.0 -0.9 -2.5

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

20.0 4.9 4.8

11.5 2.6 2.4

13.8 3.5 2.2

3.2 1.3 1.9

2.5 2.4 0.0

2.6 2.5 0.0

.. .. ..

-2.1 -2.0 -4.5

-9.0 -1.8 -19.4

-

0.2

0.5

0.4

1.5

1.3

..

-

5.8

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.56 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA NORTH AMERICA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

496.24 418.38 418.37 0.01 46.04 3.73 10.34 11.88 7.82 12.27 8.58 -

715.52 649.21 642.91 6.29 0.17 53.40 1.71 14.26 12.65 11.37 13.42 6.03 0.26

884.21 851.28 835.80 15.48 2.39 37.62 1.46 10.51 13.26 4.10 8.29 3.70 0.33

948.85 776.07 769.56 6.51 119.79 1.20 37.54 0.32 7.23 12.55 6.84 10.60 3.60 0.53

937.06 793.31 788.45 4.85 94.20 1.35 38.95 0.47 7.50 12.82 7.25 10.91 2.64 0.44

942.67 772.25 767.63 4.62 127.67 1.48 37.85 0.48 7.38 11.73 7.04 11.24 2.77 1.72

938.66 891.45 886.51 4.94 1.83 39.25 0.65 7.96 10.72 7.47 12.45 2.85 1.42

3.10 3.73 3.65 66.36 1.24 -6.32 2.71 0.53 3.17 0.75 -2.90 -

1.52 1.78 1.80 -1.33 13.96 -1.70 -5.19 -3.19 -0.92 -2.31 -0.42 -4.09 9.92

75.66 71.74 -

40.29 40.27 -

30.42 30.20 -

25.18 2.81 22.73 -

25.45 2.26 22.89 -

25.30 2.37 22.55 -

24.98 24.28 -

-5.12 -4.70 -

-2.62 -2.77 -

43.94 41.10 41.10 2.47 0.17 2.31 0.34 -

109.28 101.99 100.89 1.10 5.64 1.41 0.23 0.00 0.10 1.08 0.17 0.09

114.73 110.09 108.85 1.25 5.67 1.59 0.24 0.00 0.10 1.25 0.12 0.14

115.90 109.76 107.70 2.06 5.39 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.16

112.49 103.89 101.88 2.01 5.59 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.16

116.22 110.18 110.18 5.33 0.32 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.19 -

113.49 108.79 108.79 5.30 0.28 0.24 0.04 0.14 -

7.89 7.87 7.77 -4.57 -4.60 -6.12 -5.64 -

0.21 0.36 0.42 -0.34 -8.67 0.05 -16.73 -0.93 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.57

IEA NORTH AMERICA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

15.98 14.72 .. .. 1.26

16.93 16.12 6.21 9.91 0.81

16.67 15.67 4.22 11.44 1.00

35.80 29.04 5.75 23.30 2.79 3.97

44.82 37.50 5.63 31.87 4.09 3.23

51.26 43.66 5.59 38.07 3.03 4.56

46.72 38.89 4.67 34.22 4.93 2.90

47.18 36.87 4.70 32.18 5.80 4.51

28.63 25.13 3.05 22.08 2.79 0.71

55.24 53.62 .. .. 0.00 1.62

97.89 96.02 71.71 24.31 0.03 1.84

127.76 127.03 85.76 41.27 0.04 0.69

82.26 80.93 54.83 26.11 0.03 1.30

66.16 64.29 47.14 17.14 0.17 1.70

66.20 64.43 44.87 19.56 0.22 1.54

75.85 74.04 50.12 23.92 0.36 1.46

96.77 93.88 58.93 34.95 1.03 1.86

74.49 72.76 49.97 22.78 0.36 1.38

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.58 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA NORTH AMERICA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

16929

16350

16618

16268

30061

48559

43264

42006

28620

5454 5454 -

6188 6188 -

4491 4491 -

4129 4129 -

5843 1511 4296 -

5786 72 1461 4133 -

4837 1469 3322 46

4866 1580 3286 -

3155 962 2193 -

-

-

-

-

36 -

7 113

-

-

-

11475 933 49 645 8796 -

10162 35 367 8391 6

12127 22 883 5 9639 -

12139 192 1197 5095 39

24218 152 155 14090 6

42773 150 288 1 8537 96

38427 60 209 1 5142 32

37140 135 140 5 6036 1

25465 138 92 200 4427 -

996 56

539 824 -

1296 277 5

2994 924 1675 23

173 6928 651 61 26 1904 72

55 25110 2855 256 1152 4252 21

46 25338 3323 401 98 3731 46

41 25281 3060 226 54 2161 -

8 17286 1891 157 59 1207 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.59

IEA NORTH AMERICA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

40450

77198

84419

75819

58166

50149

55872

65242

55207

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

36030 1103 5410 1468 560 3069 19925 1173 929 68 265 838 453 409 360 -

65617 3443 6360 3823 709 7 13 54 5734 29639 3950 498 2975 98 244 2460 1310 1716 2474 110

67287 5538 3988 50 127 4880 708 28 6536 26588 2908 3 3975 99 753 3156 866 1957 4355 772

61410 3807 4039 715 3233 433 36 5054 22688 6615 517 4068 83 188 2313 1161 1895 3831 734

45136 2717 3501 288 2782 1211 65 48 4467 12937 4947 740 2143 42 198 2331 642 2403 3134 540

38266 30 1596 4134 795 1652 2607 70 19 4153 7523 4573 612 2297 54 1397 426 2186 2681 1461

41635 125 1424 3299 435 2176 2789 30 4202 8430 5228 546 2895 10 401 915 1563 483 2263 2953 1468

47933 294 1650 3266 210 661 2451 2482 126 174 50 68 3690 9864 6042 1335 3670 78 1552 876 1406 523 257 2658 2985 1565

37261 280 1829 2168 25 73 389 2058 2033 31 46 2372 7274 6003 693 3488 31 889 219 161 1432 434 127 2126 2132 948

4420 1942 205 218 200 673 1 914 24 243

11581 6139 782 457 38 1051 872 869 353 1020

11934 6327 357 586 50 1559 614 872 300 229 1040

14025 6826 1600 1165 127 1528 350 667 548 1214

9805 5564 1440 682 22 56 443 269 496 833

11272 5519 1220 869 959 75 382 739 211 54 1244

14237 7262 1234 1453 800 209 500 652 140 100 1887

17309 6886 1203 1370 1439 1588 648 935 478 181 2581

17132 7649 77 693 1869 294 440 701 4508 160 741

-

-

5198

384

3225

611

-

-

814

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA NORTH AMERICA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

10808

34228

42493

38503

26922

22700

27909

39959

26499

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10341 27 8782 309 38 528 22 243 356 27 5 4

30080 1 712 8508 2286 1208 978 595 1138 7 335 3633 2847 2489 44 2793 143 626 786 230 8 275 283 155

35375 1 2178 10083 3321 1758 384 15 1322 4451 4007 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 1005 194

34116 950 4541 1905 530 621 1648 829 3449 6179 3800 3015 25 1562 2111 8 191 2705 47

25397 429 13524 70 564 522 456 79 4425 2275 373 643 74 343 441 55 1016 108

20589 363 13909 348 360 195 569 1379 918 156 593 267 250 1052 230

23489 75 483 13386 72 176 584 1009 74 135 2099 980 148 2278 258 1 1578 153

35879 1144 17555 139 185 1263 1256 66 440 287 2542 1913 522 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 119

23549 24 602 7447 218 71 1111 729 152 217 2390 3767 752 2682 801 149 1 2344 92

95 11 1 82 1 -

4148 78 2575 421 176 110 506 2 280

5891 177 3820 530 682 522 108 5 47

4385 153 2033 1 562 271 1099 207 59

971 22 825 49 9 66

1814 176 3 71 927 190 367 5 1 74

4420 95 2 1 172 1069 2212 789 12 68

3953 409 72 73 1715 961 421 302

2816 6 1 630 816 962 256 145

372

-

1227

2

554

297

-

127

134

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.61

IEA EUROPE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60

1000

40 20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4000

4500

3500

4000 3500

3000

3000

2500

2500 2000 2000 1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

1963.37 607.66 1045.48 192.59 44.27 27.69 41.79 3.12 0.07 0.71 -

2132.49 662.57 982.63 294.46 50.97 85.79 50.69 3.38 0.07 1.92 -

2286.77 630.79 858.18 368.55 75.37 291.38 53.95 5.26 0.41 2.85 0.03

2473.99 466.31 923.71 559.35 98.23 348.01 65.69 7.83 3.82 0.49 0.54

2602.39 479.28 903.95 640.45 147.58 344.66 60.08 9.87 15.39 0.49 0.65

2594.64 446.45 904.83 653.44 153.99 343.34 62.43 10.09 17.87 1.44 0.77

2450.54 398.81 847.15 623.61 160.80 326.32 60.46 10.64 20.21 1.79 0.75

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.90 0.22 -1.15 3.89 3.18 14.85 1.51 3.13 11.14 8.55 -

0.70 -1.90 0.29 3.23 4.05 0.92 0.81 3.68 23.27 -3.71 20.30

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4808 0.41 454.8 4.32 149.5 245.5 93.9 1616 ..

1980 5676 0.38 473.6 4.50 137.5 226.7 101.2 2046 ..

1990 7216 0.32 496.2 4.61 116.0 169.8 103.2 2628 ..

2000 9057 0.27 518.1 4.78 100.0 100.0 100.0 3192 ..

2007 10532 0.25 539.6 4.82 90.5 88.4 97.8 3570 ..

2008 10610 0.24 543.0 4.78 89.5 81.7 97.6 3586 ..

2009e 10319 0.24 545.1 4.50 86.9 75.1 .. 3404 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.42 2.16 -1.48 -1.43 0.51 0.50 0.39 0.20 -1.48 -1.43 -2.15 -3.98 0.56 -0.31 2.90 1.74 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

136.40 276.37 179.98 2.30

123.53 293.95 188.71 2.67

92.69 222.29 196.46 4.96

44.80 127.89 129.59 3.38

35.74 96.64 132.01 2.62

30.98 92.86 130.91 2.93

24.15 87.56 125.44 4.05

-3.17 -1.80 0.73 6.61

-5.91 -4.73 -2.23 -2.88

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

141.07 341.51 590.99 8.05

127.95 363.56 607.01 9.34

93.45 277.78 649.52 14.68

45.21 160.07 433.64 10.36

36.01 121.30 448.13 7.76

31.26 116.47 439.74 8.68

24.37 109.76 421.65 11.90

-3.37 -1.71 0.79 5.13

-5.90 -4.71 -2.14 -2.88

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.63

IEA EUROPE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

1458.63 246.46 823.83 153.86 40.36 0.07 164.64 29.41

1541.96 214.47 786.98 237.99 43.56 0.10 0.01 209.58 49.26

1588.51 173.55 734.72 290.91 63.12 1.19 0.25 271.55 53.22

1736.31 88.07 805.95 382.26 72.56 1.81 0.96 330.28 54.42

1854.46 81.30 824.56 409.06 85.45 2.37 1.65 371.49 78.58

1828.20 81.27 807.93 400.10 92.93 2.45 1.90 375.43 66.19

1825.26 79.37 801.64 400.03 96.29 2.70 2.11 377.68 65.43

0.50 -2.04 -0.67 3.82 2.67 18.03 2.99 3.55

0.77 -4.25 0.49 1.79 2.37 4.62 12.69 1.85 1.15

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

532.04 126.81 214.57 77.85 7.03 90.40 15.38

508.73 110.74 166.86 97.10 8.39 105.03 20.62

454.64 99.94 81.17 111.00 20.51 0.01 123.24 18.78

459.03 66.22 74.96 140.35 25.20 0.01 0.14 139.29 12.87

464.09 58.64 69.71 128.94 27.49 0.02 0.18 149.58 29.53

466.02 59.49 66.29 132.38 31.57 0.02 0.18 152.78 23.31

440.42 50.89 60.90 123.03 31.14 0.02 0.18 152.22 22.04

-0.92 -1.39 -5.56 2.11 6.50 1.84 1.18

-0.18 -3.68 -1.58 0.57 2.35 16.69 1.18 0.89

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

248.29 9.79 233.42 0.22

297.71 3.63 287.37 0.81

377.07 0.30 368.75 0.43

451.07 0.01 440.01 1.04

487.99 0.01 468.47 2.46

496.71 0.01 473.82 2.72

487.78 0.01 461.25 3.15

2.49 -18.56 2.73 3.99

1.44 -18.65 1.25 11.63

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 4.86 345.30 79.02 144.38 43.30

0.00 5.89 366.05 68.26 116.38 75.52

0.01 7.58 396.56 48.97 93.84 108.25

1.01 9.00 427.52 16.44 90.10 155.96

7.90 9.15 448.86 16.76 80.77 177.32

11.08 9.09 428.07 16.16 64.41 169.28

14.14 9.23 447.74 20.09 72.64 173.80

5.41 2.65 0.82 -2.78 -2.50 5.54

50.72 1.10 0.68 -4.83 -1.41 2.67

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

26.32 0.07 41.14 11.07 136.40 19.20 82.12 7.89

28.45 0.10 0.01 57.95 19.38 149.66 23.11 72.12 14.36

39.83 0.68 0.18 78.04 26.77 157.59 17.87 39.50 38.12

42.65 1.34 0.64 93.56 26.82 176.17 2.00 32.39 50.06

45.17 1.81 1.28 106.22 19.54 206.16 2.08 31.24 63.23

45.18 1.89 1.49 105.69 23.97 203.31 1.79 26.59 59.87

45.92 2.10 1.69 107.65 23.86 215.37 3.47 32.16 64.99

2.47 14.21 3.84 5.33 0.85 -0.42 -4.21 9.71

0.79 6.43 13.26 1.80 -0.64 1.75 -8.70 -1.14 3.01

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.16 24.87 1.17 115.93 4.42 104.59 6.92

1.50 35.55 3.03 128.81 3.08 107.94 17.79

0.44 0.13 0.02 56.55 4.95 142.20 2.44 119.74 20.02

1.76 0.14 0.07 81.46 8.29 159.33 1.42 138.06 19.85

2.64 0.19 0.13 99.01 7.64 165.66 1.93 145.88 17.85

2.88 0.19 0.14 100.21 11.65 169.32 2.20 148.69 18.43

2.85 0.21 0.14 99.12 12.43 165.44 2.20 145.39 17.85

-5.49 4.95 8.88 1.21 -3.44 0.80 6.45

10.89 2.93 10.59 3.17 5.24 0.84 -0.57 1.08 -0.64

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.64 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

579.5 97.9 -77.4 7.8

608.9 143.1 -75.1 -14.4

516.4 168.2 -60.5 6.7

305.7 195.2 -48.0 13.4

267.0 249.4 -46.8 9.6

257.7 241.6 -39.5 -13.4

241.2 205.9 -33.5 -14.7

-0.7 3.2 -1.4 x

-3.8 2.0 -2.3 x

Primary supply

607.7

662.6

630.8

466.3

479.3

446.5

398.8

0.2

-1.9

Statistical difference

5.1

-7.3

-11.5

0.4

-0.0

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-341.8

-421.0

-431.8

-367.4

-386.6

-356.4

..

1.4

-1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-279.3 -258.2 -21.1

-364.9 -305.7 -59.2

-385.8 -335.8 -50.0

-329.7 -310.3 -19.5

-351.2 -331.0 -20.2

-322.3 -303.5 -18.8

.. .. ..

1.9 1.6 5.2

-1.0 -0.6 -5.3

Autoproducers Gas works

-8.9

-6.8

-3.1

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8

..

-6.1

-7.5

-53.7 2.4 -38.9 -17.9 0.8

-49.4 1.6 -37.9 -13.8 0.7

-42.9 -0.8 -32.7 -9.7 0.2

-37.1 -0.2 -30.1 -7.0 0.2

-34.8 -0.1 -28.9 -5.8 0.0

-33.3 -0.1 -27.2 -6.1 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.3 -1.0 -3.5 -7.4

-1.4 -10.2 -1.0 -2.5 -6.9

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-21.2

-18.3

-13.1

-10.1

-10.0

-9.6

..

-2.8

-1.7

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.3

-1.3

..

x

x

246.5

214.5

173.6

88.1

81.3

79.4

..

-2.0

-4.3

126.8 51.8 14.1 13.5 4.1

110.7 42.3 12.8 16.0 3.4

99.9 39.5 11.3 17.7 3.8

66.2 27.5 4.4 11.3 2.2

59.5 24.4 3.6 9.8 1.8

50.9 23.9 4.5 8.9 1.9

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.4 -1.6 -1.3 1.6 -0.5

-3.7 -2.7 -5.0 -3.8 -3.8

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

9.8

3.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-18.6

-18.6

105.4 19.2 79.0

97.0 23.1 68.3

70.9 17.9 49.0

20.4 2.0 16.4

19.6 1.8 16.2

26.3 3.5 20.1

.. .. ..

-2.3 -0.4 -2.8

-5.4 -8.7 -4.8

4.4

3.1

2.4

1.4

2.2

2.2

..

-3.4

-0.6

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.65

IEA EUROPE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

360.16 252.42 203.10 49.33 6.57 2.28 0.01 1.63 39.59 4.40 3.13 13.41 0.84 17.80 47.57 0.08

359.80 279.83 242.08 37.75 2.02 0.09 3.58 0.41 40.18 4.20 5.66 16.52 2.18 11.63 28.26 0.05

277.98 224.33 214.47 9.87 0.84 7.29 31.95 4.03 3.06 9.94 1.79 13.14 13.41 0.01

286.70 232.70 223.67 9.03 0.45 7.69 29.46 4.87 3.49 6.56 1.64 12.91 12.72 0.15

300.75 244.79 235.18 9.61 0.46 8.07 31.74 5.09 2.88 6.75 1.59 15.44 13.63 0.08

303.03 243.01 233.06 9.96 0.36 7.71 34.11 4.19 2.58 8.47 1.36 17.52 14.21 0.19

273.15 217.64 208.64 9.01 0.34 7.56 24.03 3.93 3.68 7.64 1.48 7.31 19.26 0.20

-0.01 0.86 1.47 -2.20 -9.37 -23.82 72.95 -10.93 0.12 -0.40 5.05 1.75 8.26 -3.48 -4.25 -3.32

-1.52 -1.39 -0.82 -7.65 -9.44 4.24 -2.82 -0.36 -2.37 -4.19 -2.13 -2.55 -2.11 7.86

145.14 7.14 6.19 0.95 135.41 2.46 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 -

129.44 18.23 14.32 3.91 107.92 1.45 0.26 1.97 1.63 0.34 0.14 -

92.80 13.37 10.17 3.20 73.01 1.78 2.64 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

81.34 12.70 10.73 1.97 64.76 2.81 0.80 0.23 0.57 0.13 0.22

84.75 12.20 9.95 2.25 69.26 2.74 0.48 0.26 0.22 0.11 0.23

87.12 13.48 11.40 2.08 69.57 3.38 0.47 0.21 0.01 0.25 0.08 0.23

83.12 10.52 8.78 1.73 68.72 2.80 0.70 0.50 0.01 0.19 0.12 0.22

-0.95 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.87 -17.08 24.42 57.52 8.07 -5.56 -

-2.43 -3.01 -2.68 -4.41 -2.48 3.71 -5.59 -6.34 -3.19 -0.87 -

591.89 359.55 343.49 16.06 134.34 6.40 48.24 1.12 14.37 1.65 4.04 27.07 28.55 0.83

659.79 462.88 436.44 26.44 108.97 2.83 40.44 1.40 10.72 1.64 1.96 24.71 39.46 0.58

441.80 404.51 398.29 6.22 12.18 1.35 13.92 0.22 3.13 0.65 0.47 9.46 7.88 0.02

441.28 409.37 403.35 6.02 12.44 1.49 8.78 0.09 2.99 0.34 0.43 4.94 7.72 0.04

435.21 400.52 394.68 5.84 13.04 1.51 9.95 0.08 3.01 0.52 0.35 6.00 8.99 0.04

449.09 415.26 410.00 5.26 12.26 1.49 8.88 0.09 1.87 0.61 0.37 5.95 9.11 0.04

436.69 404.58 398.33 6.25 12.84 1.64 8.60 0.07 2.00 0.62 0.36 5.55 7.55 0.04

0.91 2.13 2.02 4.24 -1.73 -6.57 -1.46 1.91 -2.41 -0.03 -5.84 -0.76 2.73 -2.94

-2.27 -0.75 -0.51 -7.70 -11.20 -3.00 -8.24 -15.14 -8.91 -5.26 -9.06 -7.96 -8.78 -14.44

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.66 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

97.87 70.11 .. .. 5.30 22.46

143.14 117.94 49.56 68.37 5.73 19.48

168.15 150.67 56.93 93.74 5.08 0.10 12.30

195.23 179.02 56.67 122.34 1.87 0.10 14.24

227.17 213.54 53.45 160.09 1.01 0.13 12.49

247.90 234.19 56.80 177.39 1.10 0.12 12.49

249.39 234.88 59.00 175.88 1.09 0.18 13.24

241.64 227.53 59.35 168.18 1.28 0.23 12.60

205.87 196.89 40.65 156.24 0.95 0.22 7.81

77.44 52.78 .. .. 1.43 23.23

75.08 51.51 20.95 30.56 4.54 0.00 19.03

60.46 42.05 19.56 22.49 4.28 0.12 14.00

48.02 38.28 9.76 28.52 1.31 0.06 8.37

41.66 32.06 6.47 25.58 0.65 0.05 8.90

47.58 34.42 7.88 26.54 0.87 0.04 12.25

46.77 34.14 7.07 27.07 0.74 0.02 11.88

39.45 27.40 5.87 21.53 0.89 0.01 11.15

33.52 24.67 5.94 18.74 0.70 0.01 8.14

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.67

IEA EUROPE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

92461

142666

159758

160696

196233

258396

261143

251932

219888

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

40078 4497 294 909 10550 6190 79 8745 105

52204 9730 1107 695 5219 5025 71 22793 285

55532 10043 2812 774 3141 2570 52 28433 80

52716 13043 4176 2985 37 6573 21067 362

56057 21757 7072 3388 2 3118 16901 24

55726 22012 7028 4562 3 4053 13440 55

58519 23357 7690 4678 3246 15079 91

58980 21803 6426 4366 2532 18242 183

40570 10775 1953 3791 183 2521 15289 641

206 3005 5498

50 256 1441 5532

1 24 46 158 2419 4979

12 85 214 206 526 22 990 2418

2 140 441 388 2327 26 418 53 -

291 206 65 2331 713 815 40 112

70 154 150 1789 668 1059 488

158 328 494 1903 648 1023 75 799

946 260 1174 1681 198 544 614

52383 2955 816 243 6716 15647 2285 499 980

90462 11160 1435 462 3523 15429 2394 16499 2696

104226 9790 832 327 2124 13084 2423 20452 3548

107980 7478 307 1517 844 15609 713 20423 1766

140176 9416 12 2393 431 18590 589 4676 3645

202670 6476 210 1214 436 14922 177 3379 2618

202624 7717 804 1368 389 10863 196 5521 5154

192952 6431 271 1519 585 8523 399 12918 6564

179318 5026 498 2136 417 6703 1375 11128 5901

21 10814 2863 8544

236 1542 26339 1895 6852

2783 9060 194 26099 6115 1475 5920

2307 11231 2409 32967 7285 687 1831 364 242

1887 22490 8230 42828 15298 891 3081 560 5159

2009 28536 20555 55207 57964 2696 1091 396 4784

2506 31761 17115 48586 60015 2139 1305 174 7011

1812 29820 15471 38425 60424 2687 1340 76 5687

856 33962 12753 30576 61118 1856 636 10 4367

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.68 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

35537

25596

19781

18218

9747

8092

7234

6007

6041

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25095 1283 2383 6331 154 54 4005 804 286 1426 125 122 5126 1826 387 18 89 573 103

15893 1582 1572 2680 241 8 2439 851 134 125 4183 637 254 5 1182 -

11025 1351 858 203 1697 144 3 1017 573 52 3681 649 3 794 -

11983 2 1897 559 871 9 534 634 362 1 1287 3 3 18 10 995 156 896 117 2657 58 310 3 178 421 2

8106 1844 1 214 717 108 1061 1010 4 323 53 538 1570 65 494 100 4 -

7363 1517 4 944 80 208 604 1 94 30 1367 2299 142 73 -

7035 1458 16 1024 8 25 16 580 106 9 1863 1905 25 -

5974 742 125 949 9 23 501 17 1900 1708 -

5683 1332 43 625 474 427 31 5 777 1587 70 10 302 -

2491 15 520 5 1951

3862 861 4 861 2136

4676 1249 100 284 100 1249 1694

6157 790 48 217 5102

1641 143 529 62 2 2 903

729 70 298 361

199 199

32 32

252 13 239

7951

5841

4080

78

-

-

-

1

106

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.69

IEA EUROPE 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

33590

31963

25276

28034

32159

29279

30463

23979

20827

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25347 275 2633 274 4161 4095 6035 3171 1 540 1530 52 938 167 15 237 21 244 90 74 149 645

23616 1 1001 1373 1378 3454 2461 1975 4042 15 21 1287 1211 107 1282 286 179 79 389 1666 287 1122 -

20776 1 1216 1471 2282 1387 2815 1167 4942 18 793 600 61 3 1341 339 1 186 198 275 864 52 764 -

22159 12 1050 1414 1874 3214 2559 1152 5655 1 374 20 686 307 50 617 311 304 151 404 129 809 11 1054 1

31202 1643 610 864 2382 1228 2415 15884 2 322 7 468 923 164 363 603 117 5 1217 441 172 20 1351 1

29090 2204 482 42 946 745 567 2708 16273 133 330 88 509 155 30 612 417 126 144 667 145 297 17 1389 64

30063 2255 235 32 1377 821 274 1652 17174 172 254 91 541 806 96 1 869 387 291 228 578 203 303 2 1389 32

23744 1930 318 3 937 639 155 2030 11601 76 216 59 491 1577 81 812 358 482 255 556 128 92 101 847 -

20523 1977 201 7 829 307 210 2265 8268 144 51 556 1234 119 1202 238 786 265 541 101 78 77 176 891 -

85 31 54

1636 13 77 3 188 1355

722 10 1 1 16 375 3 316

4982 37 1 4944

923 2 3 16 2 4 896

176 17 1 1 4 2 13 1 137

397 16 1 275 4 16 85

175 5 22 22 40 86

118 20 2 15 1 80

8158

6711

3778

893

34

13

3

60

186

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.70 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 400

90

350

80 70

300

60

250

50 200 40 150

30

100

20

50

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 300

Other transformation

2008

450 400

250 350 300

200

250 150 200 150

100

100 50 50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.71

AUSTRALIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

81.51 32.26 37.98 4.83 5.04 1.40 -

99.43 39.03 42.96 10.66 5.16 1.59 0.03 -

123.18 49.97 44.57 21.12 5.66 1.74 0.12 -

154.44 68.80 48.79 27.53 7.19 2.01 0.13 -

177.80 79.24 51.78 36.84 7.64 1.75 0.54 -

185.88 82.80 56.29 36.75 7.84 1.46 0.73 -

187.37 79.59 57.65 40.40 7.55 1.42 0.77 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.46 2.61 0.95 9.07 0.68 1.27 -

2.31 2.85 1.31 3.12 1.83 -0.95 10.72 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 175 0.47 13.6 5.99 120.8 107.4 69.5 64 ..

1980 210 0.47 14.8 6.72 122.3 107.8 87.1 95 59.3

1990 281 0.44 17.2 7.17 113.3 103.1 106.2 154 79.4

2000 400 0.39 19.3 8.01 100.0 100.0 100.0 210 100.0

2007 505 0.35 21.2 8.41 91.1 91.2 94.7 251 111.7

2008 516 0.36 21.5 8.64 93.1 93.1 95.0 257 115.0

2009e 532 0.35 21.6 8.66 91.2 87.0 .. 246 111.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.85 3.43 -0.38 -1.08 1.37 1.26 1.07 1.04 -0.38 -1.08 -0.24 -0.57 2.52 -0.62 5.27 2.88 2.08

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

36.14 22.71 9.64 -

38.48 24.76 10.90 -

62.50 74.47 14.61 -

100.89 113.27 20.95 -

138.72 165.28 20.84 -

136.25 172.00 23.00 -

127.00 189.99 20.33 -

4.67 10.40 3.52 -

4.42 4.76 2.55 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

37.67 30.88 30.47 -

40.09 31.52 32.89 -

64.63 93.94 45.99 -

103.75 135.68 67.29 -

142.65 181.93 65.61 -

140.11 185.27 72.40 -

130.60 204.64 64.00 -

4.60 9.72 3.49 -

4.39 3.85 2.55 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.72 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

56.54 7.05 34.66 3.39 4.99 6.45 -

66.84 5.99 38.46 7.63 5.00 0.03 9.73 -

80.80 6.14 41.43 12.60 4.65 0.12 15.87 -

99.39 5.89 49.59 16.36 6.20 0.12 21.22 -

106.46 5.53 51.34 18.79 5.80 0.08 24.92 -

107.24 5.26 52.32 18.06 6.01 0.20 25.38 -

109.58 5.77 53.42 18.07 6.04 0.22 26.06 -

2.12 -0.81 1.05 8.03 -0.42 5.45 -

1.71 -0.35 1.42 2.02 1.47 3.68 2.79 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

21.81 6.62 7.96 2.25 2.13 2.85 -

25.12 5.68 7.69 5.05 2.71 3.99 -

27.46 5.84 4.13 8.11 2.12 7.27 -

33.97 5.69 5.07 10.23 3.51 9.46 -

37.49 5.31 5.47 11.85 3.67 11.19 -

36.93 5.06 5.57 11.15 3.76 11.40 -

38.40 5.56 6.38 10.97 3.83 11.66 -

1.36 -0.74 -3.79 7.83 -0.04 5.67 -

1.88 -0.27 2.45 1.69 3.34 2.66 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

18.47 0.03 18.36 -

24.04 0.01 23.92 0.00

30.16 0.10 29.82 0.01

36.65 0.13 35.81 0.43

38.68 0.13 37.60 0.54

39.18 0.14 38.00 0.56

39.44 0.15 38.21 0.58

2.93 7.63 2.89 -

1.50 1.98 1.39 22.85

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.08 7.21 0.27 1.13 0.67

0.11 8.63 0.09 1.12 1.58

0.22 10.70 0.02 0.54 2.76

0.29 12.94 0.00 e 0.50 3.66 e

0.08 0.32 13.53 0.00 0.38 4.15

0.15 0.33 13.74 0.00 0.38 4.15

0.16 0.35 14.04 0.00 0.41 4.22

6.13 2.35 -14.63 -4.23 8.73

2.48 1.52 -8.77 -1.50 2.38

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.86 2.29 1.61 0.13 0.16 0.22

2.26 0.03 3.56 3.43 0.22 0.72 0.55

2.53 0.12 4.74 4.98 0.18 0.37 1.07

2.67 0.12 5.99 7.20 0.07 e 0.45 1.55 e

2.03 0.08 6.89 8.56 0.08 0.81 1.35

2.09 0.20 6.91 8.75 0.07 0.84 1.30

2.04 0.22 7.15 8.95 0.06 0.87 1.32

-0.72 4.35 6.86 1.85 5.00 9.80

-1.18 3.54 2.32 3.31 -5.96 4.92 1.15

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.10 3.63 3.38 0.26

0.03 1.90 4.12 3.67 0.45

3.35 5.65 5.01 0.64

0.01 5.13 6.32 5.84 0.49

0.01 0.01 6.29 5.18 4.29 0.89

0.01 0.01 6.52 5.67 4.77 0.89

0.01 0.01 6.68 5.75 4.76 0.99

6.79 2.63 2.35 5.54

3.90 0.09 -0.28 2.42

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.73

AUSTRALIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical difference

1973

1980

1990

2000

57.5 -25.2 -0.0

74.1 0.0 -39.7 4.6

151.6 -96.1 -5.5

235.1 e -173.5 7.1

32.3

39.0

50.0

-

0.0

0.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

2007

2008

2009e

324.8 0.0 -235.4 -10.2

331.2 0.0 -246.6 -1.9

337.3 -256.1 -1.6

5.9 8.2 x

4.4 5.4 x

68.8

79.2

82.8

79.6

2.6

2.8

-0.4

-0.5

-2.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-25.2 e

-32.4 e

-43.4 e

-62.1 e

-72.5

-73.7

..

3.3

3.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-19.7 -19.7 -

-28.8 -28.1 -0.7

-41.3 -40.4 -0.9

-60.0 e -59.4 e -0.7 e

-70.8 -70.7 -0.0

-71.9 -71.9 -0.0

.. .. ..

4.4 4.3 -

3.1 3.3 -16.8

Autoproducers Gas works

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-5.4 e -0.2 -2.4 e -2.8 -

-3.6 e -0.2 -2.2 e -1.2 -

-2.2 e -0.0 -1.4 e -0.8 -

-2.0 e -0.0 e -1.5 -0.5 -

-

-

..

-

-

-1.8 -0.1 -1.7 -0.0 -

-1.8 -0.1 -1.7 -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.2 -8.3 -3.3 -7.3 -

-1.1 5.5 1.1 -22.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-0.6

Losses

-

-

-0.5

-0.5

-0.9

-0.9

..

-

3.5

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

7.1

6.0

6.1

5.9

5.3

5.8

..

-0.8

-0.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

6.6 3.0 e 0.4 0.9 0.3

5.7 2.9 e 0.3 0.8 0.3

5.8 2.1 e 0.3 0.8 0.3

5.7 1.8 e 0.2 e 0.7 e 0.3

5.1 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.3

5.6 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.7 -2.1 -2.4 -0.7 -0.3

-0.3 -5.7 3.1 1.8 -0.4

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

7.6

2.0

Other(7)

0.4 0.1 0.3

0.3 0.2 0.1

0.2 0.2 0.0

0.1 0.1 e 0.0 e

0.1 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. ..

-4.0 1.8 -14.6

-6.2 -6.0 -8.8

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.74 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

24.24 20.89 20.53 0.36 0.04 3.17 0.37 0.15 0.88 0.28 1.49 0.25 -

43.37 38.20 37.75 0.45 4.85 0.34 0.13 0.97 0.35 3.06 0.15 -

56.03 51.10 50.91 0.19 4.69 0.10 0.09 0.79 0.33 3.39 0.04 -

62.52 56.75 56.75 0.83 4.68 0.10 0.09 1.17 0.41 2.92 0.05 -

63.49 57.77 57.77 0.79 4.71 0.02 0.09 1.19 0.46 2.96 0.04 -

65.32 59.60 59.60 0.81 4.68 0.02 0.09 1.12 0.44 3.02 0.04 -

66.29 60.02 60.02 0.83 5.20 0.02 0.09 1.15 0.42 3.53 0.03 -

4.97 5.16 5.21 1.82 3.59 -0.73 -1.34 0.83 1.89 6.15 -3.93 -

2.39 2.54 2.61 0.39 -15.28 -2.25 0.94 1.04 0.80 -8.86 -

7.22 7.22 -

5.93 5.93 -

4.80 4.80 -

5.35 5.35 -

4.68 4.68 -

5.35 4.55 -

4.55 4.55 -

-1.62 -1.62 -

-1.47 -1.47 -

30.47 27.32 26.32 0.99 2.85 0.31 0.26 0.04 0.00 -

45.99 44.14 43.07 1.07 1.78 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.05 -

67.29 66.34 65.25 1.09 0.96 -

67.15 66.29 66.29 0.90 0.00 0.00 -

67.74 67.09 67.09 0.69 0.00 0.00 -

65.61 61.67 61.67 0.65 0.00 0.00 -

72.40 61.77 61.77 0.61 0.00 0.00 -

3.49 4.08 4.19 0.62 -3.84 -11.23 0.96 -

2.55 1.88 2.02 -5.78 -18.11 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.75

AUSTRALIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

10.83 67.03 ..

14.47 144.85 ..

29.05 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 29.69 67.03 .. 34.33

.. 29.57 144.85 .. 56.81

.. .. .. .. 95.78

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Australian dollars / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

8.91 80.22 ..

11.97 174.24 ..

35.11 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 25.19 80.22 .. 38.52

.. 25.22 174.24 .. 64.06

.. .. .. .. 157.84

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

.. .. -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-

-

0.04 0.04

0.04 0.04

0.01 0.01

-

25.21 25.21 .. .. -

39.73 39.60 32.15 7.45 0.12

96.07 95.54 55.58 39.96 0.53

173.46 173.45 96.43 77.02 0.02

226.49 226.49 120.48 106.01 0.00

226.95 226.95 116.02 110.93 -

235.43 235.43 127.55 107.88 -

246.55 246.55 133.15 113.40 -

256.09 256.09 121.79 134.30 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.76 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

31029

49382

57750

74291

99161

119312

131164

136924

125243

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29145 374 1173 191 1319 22640 1330 10 992 593 469 54

41695 16 2106 2055 29251 3064 1380 1186 516 2121 -

43802 1054 1917 25 1181 28579 4944 713 694 702 912 3081 -

53792 1524 2310 204 2752 30774 9032 703 129 896 535 1608 3325 -

73195 1833 3739 2619 2914 39174 10358 666 2194 1767 992 1451 5488 -

77778 1994 377 3329 1843 2260 43949 7704 1513 7009 1570 1170 1098 3925 37

79350 1923 284 3444 2287 48689 6254 1019 7139 1735 1258 1563 3755 -

85364 2927 304 3056 1618 150 2255 50203 8356 857 6242 2464 1302 1845 3785 -

72067 1572 366 1487 1376 1502 42217 13049 478 3495 620 992 1712 3201 -

1884 164 981 32 675 32 -

7687 958 1990 312 2042 595 688 99 192 680 131

13948 1291 2798 323 4844 2256 454 500 560 734 188

20499 3448 3851 459 9555 710 597 850 211 818 -

25756 4988 6273 10588 1554 1058 174 1051 70

32690 3173 7717 225 16122 194 71 499 1229 2856 383 221

41162 3052 8036 498 19534 273 334 2289 1473 2975 396 2302

40652 3866 6392 366 24229 281 410 2016 1057 1534 501 -

48797 4193 2659 142 24279 146 74 1234 612 14788 527 143

-

-

-

-

210

8844

10652

10908

4379

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.77

AUSTRALIA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

5522

39259

45646

62411

87801

111984

112424

115265

136502

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

4809 150 682 458 1489 320 932 778

28847 771 2557 508 591 125 226 15256 5453 2464 455 441 -

37656 129 1149 934 125 133 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

49573 1116 1076 276 61 121 366 34556 9662 1562 264 110 44 25 142 192

66574 428 142 434 72 110 284 428 47449 11452 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

87658 278 741 59599 20239 4762 301 82 1069 69 425 93

83378 54 160 1202 129 254 58813 15061 5069 797 85 986 101 600 67

88785 41 684 527 66959 18552 818 187 80 545 253 71 68

96356 151 62577 30142 2176 934 376 -

193 76 117 -

8748 3761 93 577 99 2189 2029 -

7990 158 3046 47 528 33 120 2443 1615 -

12838 5920 695 110 1023 3420 1670 -

21227 10034 2469 2623 1373 1429 3299 -

24326 55 13205 1495 320 826 4072 4353 -

29046 111 16233 744 507 82 671 3229 7469 -

26480 29 18559 661 177 420 1480 5154 -

35248 20302 827 672 9158 1499 2790

520

1664

-

-

-

-

-

-

4898

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.78 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 13. Coal export values by destination* (average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

47.72

44.23

32.85

48.84

88.94

98.27

84.16

194.87

143.83

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

51.66 x x x 47.00 46.30 x x 46.76 46.98 50.32 x x 48.27 50.15 x 50.25 47.25 x x

44.65 x x x 43.07 43.41 x x 42.06 43.37 44.75 x 49.00 48.65 48.95 x 44.26 45.13 x x

31.01 x x x 33.37 30.46 x x 34.97 31.64 34.10 x x 34.81 38.71 x 32.55 33.80 x x

52.40 x x 53.57 46.79 52.50 x 32.97 51.40 45.51 52.07 x x 51.15 55.50 x 52.53 53.67 x x

104.61 x x 125.25 96.94 99.12 x x 102.14 83.74 98.18 x x 98.95 117.03 x 108.84 100.80 x x

102.26 x x 114.87 100.91 117.71 x x 116.96 94.04 102.32 x x 111.44 114.40 x 92.04 104.06 x x

89.48 x x 104.79 89.99 102.27 66.59 x 99.64 79.50 92.15 x x 95.80 96.65 x 77.14 91.38 x x

193.95 x x 303.82 193.92 240.18 x x 229.97 193.79 213.20 x x 231.74 275.66 x 237.21 200.63 x x

133.96 x x 151.00 193.51 165.59 x x 174.51 165.07 196.55 x x 160.60 146.05 x 161.37 149.63 x x

Steam coal(1)

38.34

34.99

24.27

37.65

48.86

47.05

51.11

92.23

80.03

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

38.42 x 32.29 x 33.82 37.74 x x x 40.03 36.31 x x 32.00 x x x 35.45 x x

33.43 x 24.73 x 32.97 29.61 x 34.14 37.75 36.85 33.03 x 31.12 x 37.85 x x x x x

20.72 x 17.01 x 19.14 x 24.07 21.21 21.30 24.72 20.65 x x 21.16 29.22 x 27.11 20.98 x x

63.04 x 22.50 x 29.77 51.32 x 28.34 31.26 38.45 42.90 x x 26.26 42.91 x 36.39 35.39 x x

x x 44.09 x 45.88 x x 29.92 x 49.42 60.71 x x 42.82 67.75 x x 54.27 x x

67.08 x 55.39 x 46.28 42.03 x x x 50.59 50.50 x x 51.11 66.81 x x 46.30 x x

x x x x 44.93 x x 75.25 x 54.61 49.60 x x 71.08 60.32 x x x x x

153.74 x x x 75.81 x x 129.29 x 103.23 86.94 x x 122.95 109.33 x x 125.83 x x

x x 87.04 x 67.68 x x x x 88.54 78.94 x x 44.47 90.88 x x 65.52 x x

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.79

AUSTRIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 60

120

50

100

40

80

30

60

20

40 20

10

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

80

60

70 60

50

50 40 40 30 30 20

20

10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.80 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

30.68 5.53 17.30 4.72 1.02 2.30 -0.19 -

33.08 5.22 17.26 5.94 1.62 3.53 -0.49 -

35.40 5.85 14.77 7.40 3.54 3.87 0.01 0.02 -0.06 -

40.74 5.13 16.69 9.31 4.49 5.14 0.03 0.10 -0.17 -

47.50 5.47 19.01 9.97 7.28 4.51 0.05 0.41 0.81 0.01

47.49 5.20 18.16 10.67 7.74 4.66 0.06 0.42 0.60 0.01

46.32 4.32 18.04 10.84 7.69 4.80 0.06 0.48 0.10 0.01

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.85 0.34 -0.93 2.68 7.57 3.10 -6.89 -

1.65 -0.66 1.15 2.05 4.44 1.04 14.15 17.98 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 99 0.31 7.6 4.04 145.9 208.6 93.9 31 43.5

1980 120 0.27 7.5 4.38 129.1 161.4 100.5 42 53.2

1990 149 0.24 7.7 4.61 111.5 146.2 105.1 49 69.9

2000 191 0.21 8.0 5.08 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 100.0

2007 222 0.21 8.3 5.72 100.6 91.9 98.3 62 133.2

2008 226 0.21 8.3 5.70 98.5 85.5 96.4 64 135.6

2009e 223 0.21 8.3 5.56 97.3 71.9 .. 66 119.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.45 2.35 -1.57 -0.68 0.07 0.46 0.77 1.18 -1.57 -0.68 -2.07 -2.94 0.67 -0.48 2.78 1.49 2.83 3.75

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.35 -

1.20 -

0.91 0.00

0.42 0.00

0.00

0.00

-

-3.25 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.08 -

2.87 -

2.45 0.00

1.25 0.00

0.00

0.00

-

-1.88 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.81

AUSTRIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

23.73 2.84 14.21 2.58 0.99 3.11 -

26.63 2.77 13.94 4.09 1.51 4.06 0.27

28.18 1.90 12.65 4.36 3.12 0.01 0.02 5.25 0.87

33.65 1.25 14.74 6.12 3.56 0.01 0.09 6.42 1.47

38.78 0.92 17.32 6.69 4.54 0.01 0.14 7.16 2.00

38.33 0.86 16.87 6.38 4.75 0.01 0.15 7.31 2.00

38.40 0.84 16.27 6.75 4.92 0.01 0.16 7.32 2.12

1.02 -2.33 -0.68 3.14 7.00 3.14 -

1.73 -4.42 1.41 2.46 2.57 2.61 12.07 1.86 5.04

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

7.46 1.06 3.19 1.68 0.05 1.49 -

7.04 1.30 1.42 2.27 0.30 1.74 -

7.39 0.91 0.96 2.33 0.87 2.21 0.11

8.61 0.89 0.81 3.00 1.20 2.54 0.17

10.30 0.72 1.12 3.35 1.54 3.28 0.29

10.56 0.70 1.09 3.41 1.65 3.42 0.28

10.57 0.67 1.12 3.50 1.62 3.37 0.29

-0.05 -0.90 -6.80 1.96 18.45 2.35 -

2.01 -1.64 0.84 2.28 3.55 2.37 5.34

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

5.53 0.16 5.12 0.03

5.84 0.02 5.49 0.05

6.95 0.00 6.46 0.14

9.40 0.00 8.62 0.33

11.88 10.81 0.28

12.10 10.95 0.28

11.51 10.16 0.35

1.36 -21.12 1.38 9.94

2.84 2.55 5.39

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 0.22 8.17 1.54 4.33 0.62

0.00 0.28 7.28 1.29 3.11 0.59

0.01 0.34 8.28 0.92 2.44 1.11

0.02 0.43 9.27 0.31 2.46 1.94

0.39 0.40 9.56 0.15 2.30 1.72

0.48 0.39 9.04 0.11 1.94 1.64

0.60 0.39 9.27 0.12 2.00 1.68

5.41 2.73 0.08 -2.97 -3.33 3.51

26.44 0.83 0.63 -10.76 -1.08 2.31

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.93 0.75 0.71 0.06 0.02 0.07

1.21 1.08 2.62 0.15 1.20 0.43

1.98 0.01 1.46 0.35 2.50 0.03 0.56 0.27

2.04 0.05 1.74 0.73 3.30 0.04 0.53 0.48

2.27 0.09 2.09 0.94 3.64 0.03 0.53 0.93

2.26 0.10 2.07 0.92 3.31 0.02 0.39 0.69

2.33 0.11 2.08 0.95 3.79 0.03 0.60 0.82

4.54 4.03 7.70 -4.11 21.96 8.32

0.90 12.95 2.00 5.68 2.33 -1.06 0.43 6.47

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.56 1.76 0.00 1.56 0.19

0.83 2.30 0.00 1.56 0.73

0.11 0.01 0.01 1.12 0.40 2.22 0.01 1.70 0.50

0.11 0.01 0.04 1.55 0.56 2.26 0.01 1.89 0.35

0.09 0.01 0.05 1.25 0.75 2.57 0.02 2.17 0.39

0.08 0.01 0.06 1.28 0.78 2.48 0.02 2.12 0.34

0.08 0.01 0.06 1.32 0.87 2.41 0.02 2.01 0.38

4.15 1.39 12.38 0.50 5.85

-1.67 2.61 10.74 0.95 4.33 0.45 2.29 0.92 -1.56

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.82 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

1.5 4.4 -0.1 -0.2

1.2 4.0 -0.0 0.0

0.9 4.5 -0.0 0.4

0.4 4.4 -0.1 0.4

0.0 5.9 -0.1 -0.3

0.0 5.6 -0.0 -0.4

4.9 -0.0 -0.6

-2.7 0.2 -17.0 x

-35.9 1.2 4.6 x

Primary supply

5.5

5.2

5.9

5.1

5.5

5.2

4.3

0.3

-0.7

Statistical difference

0.0

0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.4 e

-2.3 e

-3.3 e

-3.1 e

-3.7

-3.3

..

1.9

0.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.0 -1.6 -0.4

-2.4 -1.9 -0.5

-2.1 -1.6 -0.5

.. .. ..

4.0 4.2 3.3

-0.7 -1.4 2.5

Gas works

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-1.1 e 0.1 -1.0 e -0.1 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.1 -

-1.1 e -1.0 e -0.1 -

-

-

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

..

-

-

-1.3 -1.2 -0.1 -

-1.2 -1.1 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.1 -2.1 3.0 -

1.7 2.3 -3.6 -

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.2

-0.1

-0.7

-0.7

-0.8

-1.0

..

6.1

2.1

Losses

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

2.8

2.8

1.9

1.3

0.9

0.8

..

-2.3

-4.4

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.1 0.7 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

1.3 1.1 e 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.9 0.6 e 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.9 0.5 e 0.1 0.2 0.1

0.7 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.7 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.9 -1.6 -1.3 7.5 4.4

-1.6 -2.9 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Transport(6)

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-21.1

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

1.6 0.1 1.5

1.4 0.2 1.3

1.0 0.0 0.9

0.4 0.0 0.3

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

.. .. ..

-2.9 -4.1 -3.0

-10.0 -1.1 -10.8

Non-energy use

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

12.4

2.3

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.83

AUSTRIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

0.37 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 -

1.82 1.42 1.37 0.05 0.21 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.19 0.00

1.85 1.42 1.36 0.06 0.31 0.06 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.00

2.16 1.89 1.84 0.04 0.21 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.00

2.35 2.00 1.94 0.06 0.30 0.01 0.03 0.14 0.12 0.00 0.05 0.00

2.29 1.98 1.94 0.04 0.28 0.01 0.02 0.16 0.10 0.03 0.00

1.97 1.74 1.70 0.04 0.22 0.00 0.02 0.14 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.00

14.21 83.11 82.59 15.22 21.10 -4.28 -

0.45 1.12 1.19 -1.29 0.34 5.70 -1.93 20.80 -12.77 -3.78

2.01 2.01 -

2.34 2.34 -

1.88 1.88 -

1.90 1.90 -

1.89 1.89 -

1.90 1.90 -

1.86 1.86 -

1.28 1.28 -

-1.25 -1.25 -

2.99 2.03 1.99 0.04 0.03 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.03 0.63 -

2.50 2.13 2.08 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.22 -

1.38 1.23 1.19 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.07 0.05 -

1.27 1.14 1.12 0.02 0.13 0.07 0.06 0.01 -

0.75 0.66 0.66 0.00 0.09 0.08 0.00 0.01 -

0.10 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 0.00 -

-1.47 0.43 0.37 2.75 -2.72 2.69 -1.05 -15.69 -8.51 -

-17.03 -3.03 12.03 -22.92 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.84 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

173.19 69.15 74.24

176.96 120.07 164.82

80.98 92.64 115.57

56.94 51.28 ..

92.70 132.84 ..

98.23 164.85 ..

101.93 160.66 ..

129.35 249.60 ..

127.50 192.89 ..

90.20 .. 74.62 .. 73.76

119.83 .. 131.06 .. 118.88

78.84 .. 87.74 .. 121.26

54.73 .. .. 128.14 ..

178.69 .. .. 258.08 ..

181.33 .. .. 305.62 ..

203.12 .. .. 346.28 ..

249.48 .. .. 490.10 ..

243.28 .. .. 355.95 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

172.67 100.14 100.80

157.05 154.79 199.20

63.15 104.94 122.74

58.33 76.31 ..

70.45 146.66 ..

73.92 180.19 ..

70.25 160.84 ..

83.53 234.14 ..

86.65 190.41 ..

93.75 .. 108.06 .. 100.14

110.87 .. 168.96 .. 143.67

64.10 .. 99.39 .. 128.78

58.45 .. .. 190.67 ..

141.58 .. .. 284.92 ..

142.25 .. .. 334.05 ..

145.95 .. .. 346.68 ..

167.96 .. .. 459.75 ..

172.36 .. .. 351.38 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

4.38 2.87 .. .. 0.20 1.31

4.01 2.71 2.23 0.48 0.12 1.18

4.54 3.53 2.36 1.18 0.01 0.99

4.38 3.32 1.72 1.60 0.03 1.03

5.72 4.23 2.05 2.19 0.06 1.42

5.41 4.02 1.79 2.23 0.08 1.31

5.85 4.32 1.85 2.48 0.07 1.46

5.60 3.99 1.92 2.07 0.06 1.55

4.92 4.00 1.65 2.35 0.06 0.86

0.08 .. .. 0.00 0.08

0.01 0.01 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.07 0.07

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02

0.05 0.05

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.06

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01

0.00 0.00

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.85

AUSTRIA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

2307

3599

3609

2994

3409

4121

4428

4063

4085

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2006 662 205 470 -

2483 652 147 784 503 -

2376 746 566 456 -

1778 1778 -

1738 1187 551 -

1806 910 604 292 -

1860 850 605 405 -

1931 1044 377 510 -

1661 1011 650 -

669 -

397 -

608 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

301 8 260 -

1116 66 57 949 19 -

1233 29 1189 9

1216 15 10 1087 9

1671 307 6 1358 -

2315 905 19 1317 14 4

2568 909 26 1449 55 -

2132 944 28 1050 16

2424 1114 39 469 286 16

33 -

25

6 -

95 -

-

53 1 2

121 7 1

53 41 -

4 26 445 25 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.86 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

..

214.20

68.06

98.33

85.39

206.11

..

307.83

295.92

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 98.50 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 242.07 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 206.11 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal(3)

..

66.80

44.57

85.27

116.18

106.63

114.81

170.22

148.12

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 63.72 73.62 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 43.50 45.11 .. .. .. .. ..

9110.53 .. 90.16 81.75 1198.19 .. .. .. 128.71

.. 406.70 129.52 100.29 155.09 .. .. 133.90 70.33

.. 401.61 115.10 95.32 141.99 291.30 .. .. 84.00

135.44 .. 116.79 106.74 159.43 472.80 .. 117.62 118.57

.. 321.27 165.34 165.52 185.60 505.58 .. .. 177.48

.. .. 144.57 133.63 173.85 .. .. .. 175.05

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.87

BELGIUM* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 90

140

80

120

70

100

60 80

50 40

60

30

40

20

20

10 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 20

20

18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

Other transformation

2008

140

90

120

80 100

70 60

80

50 60

40 30

40

20 20

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.88 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

65.70 15.97 39.55 10.20 0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.09 -

66.81 16.28 33.34 12.73 0.08 4.67 0.03 -0.32 -

68.98 15.10 25.65 11.67 1.08 15.91 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.46 -

83.58 11.25 33.23 19.09 1.48 17.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.53 -

81.46 6.06 32.14 21.32 2.95 17.95 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.83 0.09

83.69 6.21 34.40 21.19 3.38 16.96 0.05 0.00 0.09 1.30 0.09

79.65 4.58 32.83 20.96 3.63 17.59 0.05 0.00 0.15 -0.23 0.09

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.29 -0.33 -2.52 0.79 30.09 45.13 2.63 9.84 -

1.08 -4.81 1.64 3.37 6.56 0.36 2.43 2.75 23.50 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 127 0.52 9.7 6.76 143.6 259.4 80.6 41 65.7

1980 153 0.44 9.9 6.78 121.5 219.9 85.0 53 70.6

1990 187 0.37 10.0 6.92 102.8 167.1 93.2 70 85.9

2000 232 0.36 10.2 8.16 100.0 100.0 100.0 83 100.0

2007 266 0.31 10.6 7.67 85.2 47.1 93.4 88 112.2

2008 269 0.31 10.7 7.82 86.6 47.7 92.2 84 111.6

2009e 263 0.30 10.8 7.39 84.1 35.9 .. 90 96.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.28 2.05 -1.95 -0.95 0.15 0.40 0.14 0.68 -1.95 -0.95 -2.55 -6.72 0.86 -0.06 3.28 0.97 1.59 1.47

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.81 3.19 -

4.04 2.69 -

1.69 -

0.29 -

-

0.00 -

-

-5.18 -

-34.87 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.81 4.90 -

4.04 3.98 -

2.36 -

0.38 -

-

0.00 -

-

-5.92 -

-35.04 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.89

BELGIUM 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

48.19 8.15 28.80 6.58 4.20 0.46

46.12 6.05 24.08 10.11 5.33 0.56

45.81 5.05 23.04 9.74 0.54 0.00 7.12 0.32

59.12 3.68 29.93 14.52 0.76 0.00 9.53 0.70

58.18 1.49 29.17 15.50 1.18 0.00 10.15 0.68

56.64 1.44 28.12 15.11 1.20 0.01 10.18 0.58

60.51 1.72 31.32 15.23 1.39 0.01 10.16 0.68

-0.30 -2.78 -1.30 2.34 3.15 -2.14

1.56 -5.80 1.72 2.52 5.42 11.42 1.99 4.33

19.41 5.06 7.46 3.68 2.75 0.46

16.00 4.57 3.65 4.33 2.94 0.51

15.02 4.30 2.31 4.12 0.27 3.75 0.27

18.32 3.40 2.29 6.58 0.54 4.90 0.61

15.85 1.31 1.44 6.72 0.87 4.94 0.57

15.78 1.26 1.43 6.94 0.75 4.93 0.47

15.29 1.47 1.02 6.59 0.89 4.79 0.53

-1.50 -0.95 -6.67 0.67 1.83 -3.08

0.10 -5.79 -4.42 2.64 6.79 1.37 3.86

6.31 0.02 6.20 -

7.72 0.00 7.60 -

9.69 9.53 -

11.69 11.52 -

12.06 11.86 -

12.11 11.78 -

13.10 12.75 -

2.55 2.57 -

1.69 1.63 -

0.10 15.78 3.07 10.21 1.56

0.12 13.70 1.47 7.00 3.58

0.15 11.82 0.75 4.98 3.55

0.18 13.53 0.28 5.39 4.70

0.20 12.73 0.18 4.50 4.94

0.13 0.21 11.58 0.16 3.74 4.68

0.14 0.21 12.54 0.22 4.80 4.71

2.53 -1.68 -7.99 -4.14 4.95

1.80 0.33 -6.56 -0.20 1.59

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.93 1.52 0.59 0.51

1.61 0.02 4.25 2.23 1.34

0.26 2.26 0.03 4.11 1.65 1.48

0.22 0.00 2.92 0.02 4.92 1.19 2.21

0.30 0.00 2.79 0.02 6.16 1.56 2.41

0.29 0.01 2.69 0.02 5.59 1.33 1.95

0.32 0.01 2.45 0.02 6.74 1.65 2.42

5.34 6.02 6.20 6.42

1.06 0.46 -1.30 2.79 0.00 2.78

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.41 4.52 3.69 0.83

0.65 0.03 3.73 2.87 0.86

0.96 0.02 4.48 3.88 0.60

0.00 0.00 1.50 0.02 9.63 8.60 1.03

0.01 0.00 2.11 0.07 10.15 0.00 8.92 1.22

0.01 0.00 2.23 0.07 10.28 0.03 8.95 1.30

0.01 0.00 2.56 0.10 11.63 0.03 10.33 1.27

5.08 -0.06 0.29 -1.87

5.61 9.24 5.45 5.59 4.28

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.90 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.2 7.6 -1.1 0.3

6.7 11.5 -1.2 -0.7

1.7 15.3 -1.6 -0.3

0.3 11.8 -1.6 0.7

7.2 -1.4 0.2

0.0 7.8 -1.2 -0.4

7.3 -3.1 0.4

-9.5 4.2 2.2 x

-34.9 -3.7 -1.7 x

Primary supply

16.0

16.3

15.1

11.3

6.1

6.2

4.6

-0.3

-4.8

Statistical difference

1.5

-0.4

-0.0

-0.5

0.6

0.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-8.2

-9.1 e

-9.4 e

-6.7 e

-5.0 e

-4.4 e

..

0.8

-4.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-3.9 -3.9 -

-5.5 -4.8 -0.7

-6.5 -6.0 -0.5

-4.7 -4.5 -0.2

-3.1 -2.8 -0.3

-2.7 -2.2 -0.5

.. .. ..

3.0 2.5 -

-4.8 -5.4 -0.3

Gas works

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-4.3 -3.8 -0.6 0.1

-3.6 e -2.9 e -0.8 0.0

-2.9 e -2.3 e -0.5 0.0 e

-2.0 e -2.0 e -0.0 0.0

-1.9 e -1.6 e -0.3 0.0

-1.8 e -1.7 e -0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -2.7 -0.6 -34.9

-2.6 -1.9 -8.1 20.1

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.1

-0.8

-0.7

-0.3

-0.3

-0.2

..

-2.6

-6.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

8.2

6.0

5.1

3.7

1.4

1.7

..

-2.8

-5.8

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

5.1 3.5 0.1 1.0 -

4.6 2.9 e 0.1 1.5 0.0

4.3 2.9 e 0.2 0.8 0.0

3.4 2.8 e 0.0 0.4 0.0

1.3 0.9 e 0.2 0.0

1.5 1.1 e 0.2 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.0 -1.1 2.2 -1.0 -

-5.8 -5.1 -6.8 -1.2

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

3.1 3.1

1.5 1.5

0.7 0.7

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

.. .. ..

-8.0 -8.0

-6.5 -6.6

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.91

BELGIUM 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

8.76 4.44 4.18 0.26 0.12 0.03 2.66 0.17 0.03 2.44 0.02 1.63 -

9.00 6.64 6.34 0.30 0.00 0.41 1.37 0.10 0.14 0.87 0.05 0.22 0.70 -

7.00 4.37 4.31 0.07 0.01 0.98 0.98 0.48 0.36 0.04 0.10 0.30 -

4.29 3.05 2.98 0.06 0.01 0.48 0.36 0.12 0.12 0.04 0.08 0.19 0.01

3.43 2.61 2.54 0.07 0.01 0.47 0.28 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.07 0.18 0.01

3.07 2.25 2.19 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.28 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.16 0.03

2.98 1.95 1.87 0.09 0.01 0.40 0.37 0.08 0.17 0.04 0.08 0.23 0.03

0.22 3.41 3.53 1.22 -32.76 -5.39 -4.36 13.74 -8.25 20.19 -6.77 -

-5.96 -6.57 -6.57 -6.58 10.47 -0.15 -7.05 -1.53 -8.59 -0.49 -5.62 -6.00 -

7.52 0.20 0.18 0.02 7.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

7.16 7.16 -

4.05 3.86 -

3.26 3.37 -

3.75 3.66 0.00 0.00 -

3.45 3.43 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

2.91 2.82 -

-0.42 -0.03 -

-4.87 -5.05 -

-

0.28 0.28 0.28 -

0.22 0.22 0.22 -

0.21 0.21 0.01 0.20 -

0.29 0.29 0.00 0.29 -

0.32 0.32 0.32 -

0.28 0.28 0.28 0.00 -

-

0.10 0.04 0.04 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.92 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

53.08 66.67 65.42

62.51 128.76 123.12

59.60 91.13 96.10

42.95 129.79 c

105.36 x c

82.93 x c

99.07 x c

171.19 x c

100.77 x c

29.62 63.67 66.67 .. 71.79

42.87 66.51 128.76 .. 117.89

55.41 61.72 91.13 102.02 112.22

.. 47.21 129.79 117.76 c

.. .. x 220.57 c

.. .. x 251.62 c

.. .. x 289.79 ..

.. .. x 444.57 435.38

.. .. x 300.97 324.60

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.61 72.53 65.69

34.56 130.02 114.77

37.68 105.23 102.43

35.54 196.15 c

64.68 x c

50.40 x c

55.15 x c

89.29 x c

55.31 x c

18.34 49.73 72.53 .. 72.09

24.64 48.22 130.02 .. 109.89

36.42 51.17 105.23 117.80 119.61

.. 51.22 196.15 177.97 c

.. .. x 247.31 c

.. .. x 279.32 c

.. .. x 294.66 ..

.. .. x 423.54 382.88

.. .. x 301.74 300.40

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

7.60 6.36 .. .. 1.24

11.49 10.13 4.17 5.96 0.03 1.33

15.33 14.37 7.13 7.24 0.08 0.88

11.84 10.66 3.82 6.84 0.06 1.12

8.37 8.14 3.53 4.61 0.06 0.17

7.67 7.49 3.49 4.00 0.08 0.10

7.21 6.89 3.25 3.64 0.09 0.23

7.79 6.88 2.99 3.89 0.08 0.83

7.28 6.70 2.38 4.32 0.07 0.51

1.10 0.60 .. .. 0.50

1.23 0.47 0.18 0.30 0.76

1.60 0.68 0.68 0.92

1.59 1.28 0.09 1.20 0.30

1.10 1.06 0.03 1.03 0.03

1.12 0.93 0.01 0.92 0.19

1.39 1.28 0.01 1.27 0.11

1.17 1.05 1.05 0.12

3.15 2.98 0.91 2.07 0.00 0.17

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.93

BELGIUM 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

7007

9320

14761

14099

11347

8056

7415

7436

7321

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3490 209 148 59 1751 392 22 833 15

4663 16 94 1028 540 2951 -

7132 1015 236 690 105 32 4897 -

5267 1614 205 20 66 3171 15

3818 1109 678 74 1898 -

3490 1647 351 23 1468 -

3247 1739 175 1326 6

2993 1624 60 1221 65

2379 336 14 1293 4

15 46 -

34 -

157 -

176 -

59 -

1

1

16 6 1

732 -

3517 26 2316 105 129 72

4657 205 28 1067 59 39 671 246

7629 388 66 721 242 67 981 60

8832 1283 20 301 318 66 983 75

7529 2354 12 118 225 76 309 48

4566 490 88 299 38 367 45

4168 581 11 97 6 38 403 46

4443 631 141 49 632 46

4942 444 159 83 102 745 185

606 233 30

112 51 2078 73 28

292 170 6 4365 234 1 36

299 269 4855 154 111 17 81 -

167 431 11 3028 705 19 3 23 -

27 4 2260 786 143 19 -

15 27 275 1641 1010 17 1

24 209 1931 551 218 10 1

1 105 1326 1504 95 124 69

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.94 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

122

1075

724

818

1340

1069

1464

1213

2370

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

122 61 1 21 1 13 6 18 1 -

1021 2 317 345 14 2 79 87 21 7 28 18 101 -

724 1 360 67 5 61 179 4 43 4 -

818 352 204 50 182 25 3 2 -

1340 2 609 495 7 40 136 6 15 15 15 -

1068 270 365 23 389 2 1 15 3 -

1462 263 409 1 46 737 2 1 3 -

1213 293 208 24 582 12 92 2 -

2366 2 719 650 93 774 5 28 4 3 88 -

-

54 2 52

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

2

-

4

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.95

BELGIUM 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

63.93

57.74

44.05

78.98

108.68

126.85

120.51

163.26

146.61

63.54 63.80 254.00 60.08 62.61 .. .. 54.18 ..

58.30 56.91 .. 57.96 58.28 63.59 .. 49.03 ..

38.58 43.97 .. .. 52.54 .. .. 41.49 ..

75.15 73.50 .. 105.22 69.24 309.94 .. 49.63 132.29

125.12 148.24 .. 133.14 96.51 285.09 .. 67.23 75.13

150.51 153.27 .. 131.24 101.04 229.39 .. 59.63 67.34

135.93 136.78 .. .. 104.33 163.87 .. 78.76 91.44

184.60 .. .. .. 141.00 241.46 114.10 139.94 172.22

314.05 166.36 .. .. 140.30 .. .. 79.53 ..

Steam coal(3)

45.57

47.94

39.88

66.29

70.83

70.95

82.81

150.58

109.92

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

50.57 57.14 .. 48.40 51.01 48.49 51.92 44.88 44.83

45.93 66.64 .. 46.66 49.77 45.65 53.17 43.64 43.65

40.41 42.87 .. 31.66 48.91 58.92 35.18 36.80 37.03

75.32 .. .. 69.33 73.93 72.40 62.64 64.17 71.06

97.75 102.49 .. 63.56 .. .. 73.98 68.15 67.19

100.18 .. .. 57.55 66.92 .. 68.14 66.67 63.23

90.32 72.46 .. 158.69 90.95 653.12 84.14 80.05 82.65

199.82 .. .. 270.57 140.60 .. 195.17 128.43 139.75

272.28 95.33 .. 72.53 139.10 295.33 152.05 97.91 89.68

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.96 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CANADA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 450

160

400

140

350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 40 100 20

50

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 50

70

45

60

40 50

35 30

40

25 30

20 15

20

10 10

5

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

600

600

500

500

Other transformation

2008

400

400 300 300 200

200

100

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.97

CANADA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

227.63 21.80 113.41 53.25 11.16 5.82 23.91 -1.72 -

275.14 30.32 126.46 65.07 10.92 14.86 30.86 -3.35 -

298.11 34.68 109.31 78.18 11.82 27.71 36.46 0.00 -0.04 -

2000 359.20 45.23 124.43 106.05 16.69 27.10 44.05 0.04 e -4.38 -

2007

2008

2009e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

388.71 37.73 141.67 115.14 17.25 34.81 45.54 0.38 -3.80 -

381.10 37.53 137.74 110.07 17.31 34.98 46.99 0.48 -3.99 -

357.21 30.15 126.10 111.02 15.09 33.67 45.08 0.47 -4.37 -

1.60 2.77 -0.22 2.28 0.34 9.62 2.51 -19.53 -

2009e 858 0.42 33.5 10.65 84.0 56.3 .. 623 84.0

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.07 2.65 -1.43 -1.24 1.23 1.03 0.36 0.34 -1.43 -1.24 -0.29 -2.15 0.76 -1.41 3.47 1.69 1.77 1.77

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1.37 0.44 1.29 1.92 2.14 1.30 1.42 32.07 28.64 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 325 0.70 22.5 10.12 141.3 107.5 101.9 270 51.3

1980 412 0.67 24.5 11.22 134.8 117.9 110.8 373 56.2

1990 544 0.55 27.7 10.77 110.7 102.2 115.8 482 69.1

2000 725 0.50 30.7 11.71 100.0 100.0 100.0 606 100.0

2007 867 0.45 32.9 11.80 90.5 69.8 87.3 642 100.0

2008 870 0.44 33.3 11.44 88.4 69.1 89.7 651 94.7

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

13.39 3.25 7.82 -

13.75 5.82 9.72 -

27.17 9.83 17.18 -

23.92 4.79 20.44 -

23.89 4.08 21.00 -

24.07 3.91 20.07 -

19.52 4.34 20.04 -

6.07 9.66 6.78 -

-0.67 -4.99 0.87 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

13.78 3.36 13.34 -

14.15 6.02 16.52 -

27.66 10.01 30.66 -

28.16 5.64 35.36 -

28.13 4.69 36.55 -

28.34 4.50 34.91 -

22.98 4.98 34.98 -

5.98 9.52 7.18 -

0.14 -4.35 0.72 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.98 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

187.48 7.46 108.07 33.89 10.88 27.04 0.14

221.52 6.18 114.27 51.75 10.60 37.25 1.47

227.24 4.41 98.27 61.86 10.42 51.37 0.91

270.89 5.02 115.40 76.30 13.84 59.17 1.16

281.15 5.18 127.77 72.21 13.76 61.00 1.23

293.33 6.32 130.20 79.47 14.40 61.80 1.15

288.95 6.05 128.00 75.61 14.46 63.74 1.09

1.14 -3.04 -0.56 3.60 -0.25 3.85 11.78

1.34 1.77 1.48 1.12 1.84 1.21 1.01

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

65.02 6.71 20.06 16.95 8.15 13.01 0.14

71.52 5.85 16.56 23.14 7.87 16.67 1.43

67.30 3.87 9.70 24.07 8.13 20.63 0.90

78.56 4.59 9.22 27.59 11.03 24.98 1.15

77.89 4.64 8.60 27.60 10.91 24.99 1.15

81.80 4.76 9.09 32.42 10.80 23.72 1.02

77.78 4.70 8.48 29.67 10.82 23.15 0.96

0.20 -3.18 -4.19 2.08 -0.02 2.75 11.73

0.81 1.08 -0.74 1.17 1.60 0.64 0.33

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

48.00 0.18 47.42 -

63.31 60.70 2.33

61.60 57.06 4.14

74.49 66.95 6.79

79.10 72.51 5.84

82.39 75.03 5.92

81.07 75.01 4.57

1.48 1.09 -

1.54 1.53 0.55

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.40 36.34 0.57 17.92 8.73

0.28 40.43 0.11 14.67 12.49

0.40 41.19 0.07 6.66 16.22

0.19 0.56 44.09 0.05 4.64 19.80

0.20 0.56 42.79 0.06 e 3.08 18.96

0.95 0.50 45.72 0.04 3.30 20.95

0.99 0.52 46.53 0.05 2.94 21.15

0.06 0.74 -11.87 -5.66 3.71

1.39 0.68 -2.11 -4.43 1.49

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.73 6.38 24.13 0.00 8.93 8.20

2.73 e 10.42 26.13 0.04 7.08 10.05

2.30 15.95 0.00 31.04 0.01 5.82 11.89

2.62 16.98 39.17 0.00 8.25 15.45

2.65 18.06 0.00 42.26 11.65 14.35

2.65 18.78 0.00 44.22 11.72 14.72

2.65 19.74 46.07 0.03 11.69 15.07

-1.01 5.54 1.49 6.38 -2.48 2.21

0.79 1.19 2.22 8.75 3.95 1.33

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

7.00 10.44 10.44 -

8.92 0.04 16.65 0.18 13.14 3.33

13.31 0.01 21.46 0.47 16.16 4.83

15.46 0.01 28.56 0.38 22.35 5.84

16.18 0.09 33.92 0.49 28.61 4.82

0.01 e 17.64 0.13 33.73 1.52 27.44 4.77

0.01 19.14 0.13 32.01 1.27 26.28 4.45

3.86 4.33 2.61 -

2.04 17.70 2.25 5.75 2.74 -0.46

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.99

CANADA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

16.7 15.0 -10.9 1.0

29.3 15.4 -14.9 0.5

54.2 13.6 -30.6 -2.5

49.2 21.5 -27.5 2.1

49.0 e 15.0 -26.3 e 0.1

48.1 17.0 -27.9 0.3

43.9 10.5 -24.7 0.4

7.2 -0.5 6.3 x

-0.7 1.2 -0.5 x

21.8

30.3

34.7

45.2

37.7

37.5

30.2

2.8

0.4

Statistical difference

0.5

0.1

1.7

1.2

6.0

3.7

..

x

x

Total transformation

-14.8 e

-24.3 e

-31.8 e

-41.3 e

-37.4 e

-35.1 e

..

4.6

0.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-11.9 -11.9 -

-21.5 -21.4 -0.0

-30.0 -30.0 -0.0

-39.7 -39.6 -0.1

-35.6 -35.5 -0.0

-33.3 -33.2 -0.0

.. .. ..

5.6 5.6 -

0.6 0.6 -1.3

Autoproducers Gas works

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.9 e -1.9 e -1.0 -

-2.8 e -2.1 e -0.7 -

-1.8 e -1.5 e -0.3 -

-1.6 e -1.4 e -0.2 -

-1.8 e -1.4 e -0.4 e -

-1.8 e -1.4 e -0.4 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.8 -1.2 -7.8 -

-0.0 -0.5 2.2 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

2.6

-2.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

7.5

6.2

4.4

5.0

6.3

6.1

..

-3.0

1.8

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

6.7 3.7 e 0.7 0.3

5.9 4.1 e 0.0 0.3 0.3

3.9 2.3 e 0.7 0.1

4.6 2.6 e 1.0 0.1

4.8 2.6 e 0.0 -

4.7 2.6 e -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -2.8 -0.0 -4.4

1.1 0.8 -

Transport(6)

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

0.6 0.0 0.6

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-11.4 6.4 -11.9

0.2 8.8 -2.1

-

0.2

0.5

0.4

1.5

1.3

..

-

5.8

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.100 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

11.51 10.30 10.29 0.01 1.41 0.07 0.26 0.36 0.28 0.44 0.05 -

13.86 12.21 12.19 0.02 1.22 0.69 0.09 0.44 0.04 0.26

18.04 15.75 15.74 0.01 1.74 1.03 0.03 0.67 0.02 0.33

16.16 13.21 13.20 0.01 - e 1.86 1.20 0.02 0.64 0.02 0.53

16.69 14.98 14.97 0.01 - e 2.03 1.22 0.02 0.80 0.03 0.44

8.04 8.72 8.71 0.01 - e 2.30 2.30 1.72

7.34 6.03 6.02 0.01 2.23 2.23 1.42

1.56 1.42 1.42 2.12 -1.20 5.41 -8.64 0.02 -0.95 -

-3.47 -3.84 -3.84 -4.41 3.41 9.42 9.92

6.78 6.98 -

5.02 5.00 -

4.46 4.23 -

4.29 4.29 e -

4.55 4.33 e -

4.77 4.30 e -

4.99 4.26 -

-2.46 -2.74 -

-0.04 -0.89 -

13.17 12.61 12.61 0.29 0.17 0.12 0.25 -

30.26 29.95 29.95 0.17 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.09

40.47 40.08 40.08 0.16 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.14

43.04 45.42 45.42 0.14 -

7.18 7.47 7.47 -4.25 -4.60 -3.77 -11.22 -

1.98 2.34 2.34 5.00 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

39.76 39.26 39.26 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.16

36.70 35.26 35.26 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.16

44.36 44.69 44.69 0.09 -

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.101

CANADA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

37.88 51.11 34.43

48.61 58.22 32.89

61.02 .. 48.90

20.54 87.53 104.81

28.16 144.70 175.22

30.19 162.14 170.13

31.97 190.56 206.75

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

43.98 62.70 51.91 .. 43.30

42.74 64.82 71.09 .. 50.88

.. .. 93.40 .. 65.09

.. .. 148.04 .. 69.84

.. .. 243.30 .. 226.41

.. .. 268.17 .. 211.58

.. .. 321.39 .. 206.85

.. .. 416.74 .. 277.66

.. .. 315.10 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Canadian dollars / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

37.62 79.95 50.49

49.49 93.37 49.45

62.00 .. 73.37

26.55 178.28 200.12

29.70 240.46 272.97

29.81 252.23 248.12

29.90 280.73 285.55

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

51.08 73.20 81.21 .. 63.50

50.89 77.58 114.01 .. 76.50

.. .. 149.50 .. 97.67

.. .. 301.51 .. 133.36

.. .. 404.30 .. 352.73

.. .. 417.17 .. 308.56

.. .. 473.47 .. 285.68

.. .. 610.17 .. 381.13

.. .. 493.24 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

14.95 14.62 .. .. 0.33

15.40 15.15 6.21 8.94 0.25

13.64 13.32 4.22 9.10 0.32

21.50 18.15 4.15 14.00 2.76 0.59

16.83 12.71 4.09 e 8.62 e 4.03 0.08

18.13 14.25 4.11 e 10.14 e 2.94 0.93

14.99 9.41 3.21 6.20 4.88 0.71

17.05 10.01 3.18 6.83 5.74 1.29

10.52 7.39 2.13 5.25 2.73 0.40

10.91 10.56 .. .. 0.00 0.34

14.91 14.84 13.73 1.10 0.07

30.63 30.45 26.37 4.08 0.00 0.18

27.53 27.25 24.11 3.14 0.28

24.08 23.86 22.68 e 1.18 e 0.07 0.14

24.07 23.83 21.40 e 2.43 e 0.14 0.10

26.29 25.92 22.65 3.26 0.21 0.17

27.89 26.87 22.63 4.24 0.91 0.11

24.66 24.20 18.18 6.03 0.24 0.21

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.102 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

14250

14579

14169

9735

18790

15868 e

10399

11093

8212

5454 5454 -

6188 6188 -

4491 4491 -

4129 4129 -

4296 4296 -

4253 e 4133 e -

3322 3322 -

3286 3286 -

2208 15 2193 -

-

-

-

-

-

7 e 113 e

-

-

-

8796 8796 -

8391 8391 -

9678 9639 -

5606 5095 -

14494 14090 -

11615 e 8537 e -

7077 5142 -

7807 5 6036 -

6004 200 4427 -

-

-

39 -

511 -

155 61 26 91 71

16 e 2120 e 200 e 299 e 443 e -

968 279 64 624 -

1456 226 20 64 -

1149 157 41 30 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.103

CANADA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

13017

22483

26851

28564

28386

25203 e

26674

26643

21404

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

12217 147 164 10934 668 150 154 -

20585 62 352 123 33 17026 2041 195 313 330 110

19684 6 41 379 72 159 16569 369 519 102 51 645 772

25327 261 58 370 104 968 15495 4280 517 459 161 337 155 257 1171 734

22440 374 585 792 1170 12085 3851 385 408 338 819 1093 540

20791 494 372 1680 1177 7225 4441 274 994 175 1080 1418 1461

23321 345 592 1733 1126 8430 5099 230 1047 631 226 957 1437 1468

22750 421 567 1452 164 1078 8598 5072 693 598 233 234 955 1120 1565

15539 258 117 533 464 6650 4441 142 837 832 317 948

800 600 200 -

1898 899 496 38 31 130 235 69

1969 1108 129 224 300 208 -

2853 1078 1264 46 50 267 148 -

3107 1471 1324 312 -

3801 1584 1220 220 69 373 211 54 70

3893 1429 1132 140 70 463 478 181 -

5071 935 119 242 3615 160 -

-

-

5198

384

2839

-

794

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

e

e e e

e e e e e

e

e e e e e e e e

e e e e

3353 1449 1234 74 356 140 100 -

611 e

-

e

e e e

e e e e e

e e

e e e e e e

e e e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.104 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

971

4895

4149

5429

3696

2786 e

3748 e

4870

6922

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

971 27 309 492 83 56 4

4389 78 328 56 384 203 26 34 1516 1469 28 112 155

2706 479 18 64 1933 18 194

5082 13 164 86 255 2483 1719 315 47

3419 151 55 14 1244 1767 80 108

2139 1375 534 230

e

3216 6 2094 908 55 153

4444 366 2236 1658 65 119

5800 2192 3375 141 92

-

506 506 -

218 98 120 -

347 140 207 -

-

350 e 348 e 2 e -

532 172 358 2 -

426 81 144 201 -

1122 45 822 255 -

-

-

1225

-

277

297 e

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

e

e e

e

e

e e

e e e

e

e e

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.105

CZECH REPUBLIC* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 80

120

70

100

60 80 50 40

60

30

40

20 20 10 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 70

60

60

50

50

40

40 30 30 20

20

10

10 0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

200

90

180

80

160

70

140

60

120

50

100

40

80

30

60

20

40

10

20 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.106 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

64.51 50.84 12.37 1.44 0.13 -0.27 -

67.07 47.76 15.48 3.72 0.29 -0.19 -

69.65 44.94 12.46 7.51 4.69 0.14 -0.09 -

57.50 30.83 11.01 10.71 0.91 5.06 0.22 -1.23 -0.00

65.40 30.38 13.65 10.26 3.01 9.78 0.26 0.02 -1.98 0.02

63.76 28.08 13.55 10.17 3.14 9.92 0.25 0.04 -1.41 0.03

62.04 26.84 13.12 9.60 3.60 10.16 0.30 0.06 -1.68 0.03

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.45 -0.72 0.04 10.20 0.42 -6.60 -

-0.49 -2.58 0.47 1.70 4.25 3.14 16.88 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 41 1.57 9.9 6.50 155.1 228.0 82.6 41 ..

e e

e e e

1980 49 1.38 10.3 6.49 135.9 180.5 89.4 53 ..

e e

e e e

1990 55 1.26 10.4 6.72 124.2 149.5 100.1 62 120.0

2000 57 1.01 10.3 5.60 100.0 100.0 100.0 73 100.0

2007 77 0.85 10.3 6.34 83.5 72.4 85.1 88 159.9

2008 79 0.81 10.4 6.11 79.5 65.3 84.2 83 157.1

2009e 76 0.81 10.4 5.95 80.1 64.6 .. 82 135.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.77 2.01 -1.30 -2.45 0.26 0.04 0.20 -0.53 -1.30 -2.45 -2.45 -4.50 1.14 -0.95 2.46 1.62 1.51

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

14.81 6.57 37.25 0.17

13.89 6.40 37.35 0.14

13.78 4.98 33.12 -

7.92 5.54 22.32 -

7.49 4.66 21.86 -

7.33 4.59 20.64 -

5.75 4.54 19.72 -

-0.60 -2.28 -0.98 -

-3.45 -0.46 -2.59 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

18.55 10.60 88.84 0.60

17.40 10.32 89.09 0.50

14.38 8.03 78.98 -

8.14 6.72 50.31 -

7.67 5.22 49.73 -

7.51 5.15 47.54 -

5.90 5.10 45.42 -

-2.10 -2.28 -0.98 -

-3.54 -2.44 -2.78 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.107

CZECH REPUBLIC 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

44.78 27.50 11.07 2.59 3.62 -

49.51 26.33 13.18 3.40 4.65 1.95

47.84 19.12 11.71 6.86 5.92 4.23

35.66 6.65 10.42 8.45 0.33 6.07 3.75

40.03 5.54 13.17 8.78 2.23 0.00 7.00 3.30

38.54 4.33 13.22 8.46 2.50 0.01 7.03 2.99

38.58 4.26 13.05 8.68 2.51 0.01 7.13 2.93

0.39 -2.12 0.33 5.90 2.93 -

-1.19 -8.00 0.60 1.32 1.04 -2.01

25.18 16.34 5.88 0.66 2.31 -

26.80 16.70 6.96 0.40 2.73 -

22.73 9.96 4.13 3.79 3.31 1.54

13.03 4.75 0.93 3.72 0.20 2.33 1.11

12.38 3.59 0.65 3.51 0.72 2.90 1.01

12.05 3.07 0.67 3.60 0.74 2.97 1.01

11.57 2.99 0.59 3.40 0.74 2.93 0.91

-0.60 -2.87 -2.06 10.87 2.14 -

-3.68 -6.47 -10.22 -0.60 -0.67 -2.85

3.10 0.17 2.70 -

3.28 0.14 2.86 -

3.70 3.31 -

6.05 5.63 0.04

8.57 0.01 8.20 0.06

9.05 0.01 8.64 0.08

8.85 0.01 8.33 0.10

1.05 1.22 -

4.96 5.25 -

0.23 10.05 9.29 e 0.07 0.22

0.28 10.65 8.04 e 0.12 0.55

0.39 11.34 6.71 e 0.12 1.53

0.09 0.29 7.58 1.12 0.11 2.93

0.03 0.27 9.27 1.14 0.05 3.25

0.04 0.28 8.35 0.70 0.04 2.91

0.16 0.26 8.29 0.66 0.03 2.92

3.08 0.71 -1.89 3.64 12.25

-2.17 -1.73 -12.07 -8.18 3.65

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.48 0.89 0.39 e 0.25

0.76 1.18 2.26 0.33 e 0.13 0.63

1.18 1.78 4.32 1.86 e 0.07 1.27

1.70 1.73 4.26 0.34 0.01 1.58

1.37 0.00 1.87 1.59 4.37 0.23 0.02 1.74

1.59 0.00 1.80 1.32 4.20 0.07 0.02 1.73

1.51 0.01 1.81 1.36 4.46 0.11 0.02 1.90

5.42 9.76 9.55 10.14

2.38 -1.51 0.18 -14.73 -6.23 2.24

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.25 1.64 1.64 -

0.41 0.77 1.78 1.78 -

0.45 0.67 2.47 2.47 -

0.04 1.42 0.88 3.05 3.05 -

0.08 0.00 1.59 0.69 4.26 0.53 3.73 -

0.10 0.00 1.63 0.64 3.84 0.47 3.36 -

0.08 0.00 1.71 0.65 4.18 0.48 3.56 0.14

3.56 2.45 2.45 -

7.74 -0.20 2.97 2.06 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.108 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 5. Coal balance* (Mtce) 1973 Production Imports Exports Stock changes

54.3 0.2 -3.7 -0.0

Primary supply

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

57.8 2.3 -12.0 -0.3

51.9 2.2 -10.4 1.2

35.8 1.5 -8.3 1.8

34.0 3.3 -7.8 0.9

32.6 2.9 -7.3 -0.0

30.0 2.4 -6.4 0.9

-0.3 15.0 6.3 x

-2.6 1.4 -1.9 x

50.8

47.8

44.9

30.8

30.4

28.1

26.8

-0.7

-2.6

Statistical difference

1.8

2.0

-1.3

-0.5

-1.0

-0.4

..

x

x

Total transformation

-24.2 e

-22.4 e

-23.4 e

-23.2

-24.2

-22.8

..

-0.2

-0.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-11.9 e -11.9 e -

-15.5 e -15.5 e -

-20.5 e -17.4 e -3.1 e

-20.9 -18.9 -2.0

-22.0 -20.2 -1.8

-20.6 -18.4 -2.2

.. .. ..

3.3 2.3 -

0.0 0.3 -1.9

Autoproducers Gas works

-2.3 e

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-10.0 e 0.0 e -2.6 e -7.4 e -

-2.6

-1.2

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8

..

-3.9

-2.4

-4.3 e 0.0 -2.6 e -1.8 e -

-1.8 e -0.0 -1.7 e -0.0 e -

-1.7 0.0 -1.3 -0.4 -

-1.6 -0.0 -1.5 -0.1 -

-1.5 -0.0 -1.4 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-9.7 -2.3 -26.5 -

-0.9 66.2 -1.2 4.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.0 e

-1.0 e

-1.1 e

-0.5

-0.6

-0.5

..

0.8

-4.3

Losses

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.0

-0.2

-0.1

..

x

x

27.5

26.3

19.1

6.7

4.3

4.3

..

-2.1

-8.0

16.3 3.4 e 1.1 e 0.5 e 1.3 e

16.7 3.9 e 0.9 e 0.7 e 1.1 e

10.0 5.0 e 0.5 0.5 0.3

4.7 2.0 1.2 0.3 0.1

3.1 1.6 0.8 0.3 0.1

3.0 1.6 0.8 0.3 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.9 2.3 -4.6 -0.3 -7.7

-6.5 -6.2 2.7 -3.1 -7.4

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

0.2 11.0 0.4 e 9.3 e -

0.1

-

9.5 0.3 e 8.0 e

9.2 1.9 e 6.7 e

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

1.9 0.3 1.1

0.8 0.1 0.7

0.8 0.1 0.7

.. .. ..

-1.1 9.5 -1.9

-12.7 -14.7 -12.1

-

0.5

0.5

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.109

CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

9.81 - e 7.85 1.10 0.05 0.60 0.04 6.05 1.95 -

10.12 4.94 3.75 1.19 - e 0.03 3.05 0.85 e 0.04 0.47 0.03 1.66 e 1.89 -

5.75 3.90 3.79 0.11 1.46 0.79 0.15 0.25 0.01 0.26 0.75 -

4.89 3.27 3.23 0.04 1.31 0.83 0.20 0.21 0.02 0.04 0.21 -

5.56 3.59 3.39 0.20 1.28 0.82 0.16 0.24 0.02 0.04 0.12 -

5.66 4.35 3.86 0.49 1.24 0.76 0.18 0.25 0.02 0.04 0.12 -

5.13 3.54 2.96 0.58 1.14 0.67 0.17 0.26 0.01 0.03 0.07 -

0.26 -7.58 -2.11 -2.32 -2.01 -2.51 -10.23 -0.26 -

-3.71 -1.83 -1.30 -3.90 -5.31 -1.33 8.44 -3.26 -5.56 -19.83 -16.61 -

12.57 12.57 e -

9.94 8.54 e 1.40 1.40 e - e -

4.97 4.56 0.04 0.04 0.00 -

4.33 4.34 -

4.33 4.33 -

4.10 4.11 -

4.30 4.30 -

-1.93 -3.17 -

-4.55 -3.74 -

50.37 41.15 37.36 3.79 0.44 1.35 4.94 0.21 2.41 0.20 0.23 1.90 1.49 -

47.62 40.95 37.13 3.82 0.54 1.49 3.32 0.09 2.60 0.03 0.21 0.40 1.25 -

47.97 40.38 36.64 3.74 0.62 1.51 3.29 0.08 2.65 0.03 0.19 0.34 2.11 -

48.58 42.62 39.86 2.75 0.48 1.49 2.14 0.07 1.50 0.05 0.23 0.29 1.22 -

45.38 40.21 36.64 3.57 0.33 1.64 2.16 0.06 1.58 0.08 0.18 0.26 1.30 -

-1.04 1.18 0.13 -0.10 -6.97 -6.80 -3.52 -5.93 2.43 -10.39 -6.96 -1.10 -

-2.51 -0.46 -0.29 -2.00 -9.34 -2.67 -6.42 -9.45 1.55 -9.68 -7.83 -14.39 -12.76 -

81.32 37.97 37.97 1.96 6.35 16.58 0.54 2.49 0.36 2.95 10.24 17.36 -

71.77 43.71 38.58 5.13 1.94 2.67 7.12 0.35 1.20 0.48 0.79 4.31 15.20 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.110 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

10.29 52.02 ..

11.54 52.49 ..

20.49 111.20 94.07

21.88 81.86 113.74

c 152.18 ..

c 212.36 ..

c 209.64 ..

c 321.95 ..

c c ..

.. .. 52.02 .. ..

.. .. 52.49 .. ..

24.44 52.62 111.20 .. 94.07

26.96 50.73 81.86 .. 114.82

c c 152.18 180.93 227.47

c c 212.36 243.77 312.87

c c 209.64 248.34 304.65

c c 321.95 377.42 477.65

c c c 260.90 410.69

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Czech crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

0.054 1.020 ..

0.060 1.020 ..

0.134 2.718 2.171

0.308 4.307 5.650

c 4.964 ..

c 6.531 ..

c 5.792 ..

c 7.487 ..

c c ..

.. .. 1.020 .. ..

.. .. 1.020 .. ..

0.235 0.877 2.718 .. 2.171

0.558 1.820 4.307 .. 5.704

c c 4.964 5.902 7.006

c c 6.531 7.497 9.085

c c 5.792 6.861 7.947

c c 7.487 8.777 10.488

c c c 6.768 10.059

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.21 e .. .. 0.21 e

2.33 2.11 2.11 0.01 0.21

2.25 2.09 2.09 0.15

1.48 0.90 0.22 0.68 0.00 0.59

1.91 1.08 0.42 0.66 0.00 0.83

2.88 1.89 0.90 0.99 1.00

3.29 2.23 1.05 1.17 1.06

2.91 2.03 1.09 0.93 0.02 0.86

2.36 1.56 0.77 0.79 0.02 0.78

3.65 e .. .. 3.65 e

12.01 5.41 4.87 0.54 3.95 2.65

10.38 4.69 4.22 0.47 4.03 1.66

8.26 5.93 3.42 2.51 1.29 1.03

6.60 5.04 2.99 2.06 0.54 1.02

7.78 5.93 4.16 1.77 0.73 1.12

7.81 6.31 4.58 1.73 0.61 0.88

7.33 5.64 3.98 1.66 0.83 0.86

6.42 5.18 3.10 2.09 0.65 0.59

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.111

CZECH REPUBLIC 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1) Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

274 e

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

1378 e

2282

2690 e

1094

1997

2553

2285

1787

217 217 -

976 976 -

1064 1024 40 -

1103 1103 -

777 1 684 61 -

-

-

-

-

31 -

877 869 -

1021 1 965 1 1

1489 25 1369 1 1

1182 40 1052 -

1010 13 770 3

6 2 -

3 50 -

3 90 -

90 -

219 5 -

-

-

-

890 e 890 -

-

-

-

-

274 e 274 e -

1378 e 1378 e -

2282 2282 -

1800 e 1800 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.112 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

5934 e

5086

4504

5180 e

3427

4419

4781

4138

3222

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5934 600 59 69 5126 80 -

4874 652 6 4183 30 3 -

5041 1650 50 1 850 896 1594 -

3427 1244 744 538 901 -

4112 910 450 1367 1385 -

4633 850 463 1863 1457 -

4138 328 405 1900 1505 -

3079 996 8 772 1303 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

e e e

e

e e

e e

e

e e

e

4504 785 28 10 3681 -

e e

e

e

e

-

-

-

61 61 -

-

307 307

148 148

-

143 143

-

212 e

-

78

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.113

CZECH REPUBLIC 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

394 e

319

498

1835 e

2459

2098

2027

1949

2447

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

394 6 100 1 36 237 6 8 -

284 38 89 2 2 64 79 10 -

498 e 40 220 e 32 198 e 6 2 -

1000 458 1 59 304 178 -

2442 331 1033 43 102 931 2 -

2094 888 566 66 111 463 -

2024 970 278 96 271 409 -

1949 944 300 100 200 405 -

2422 1090 199 89 695 338 11 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

e

e

e e

e

e e e

e

e

e e

e

e

e

e

-

-

-

-

17 17

4 2 2

3 3

-

25 25

-

35 e

-

835

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.114 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 35

700

30

600

25

500

20

400

15

300 200

10

100

5

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

60

70

50

60 40

50 40

30

30

20

20 10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.115

DENMARK 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

27.13 2.76 23.89 0.00 0.51 0.00 -0.03 -

27.34 8.39 18.17 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -

24.77 8.70 10.90 2.60 1.63 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.87 0.00

26.55 5.69 11.38 6.35 2.49 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.08 0.00

28.08 6.65 10.65 5.80 4.18 0.00 0.02 0.90 -0.12 0.01

27.16 5.73 10.28 5.82 4.24 0.00 0.03 0.87 0.18 0.01

25.49 5.67 9.06 5.58 4.26 0.00 0.03 0.84 0.04 0.01

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 -0.53 6.99 -4.51 65.00 7.11 0.91 -

0.51 -2.29 -0.32 4.59 5.46 -0.41 13.06 14.30 -8.39 1.18

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 90 0.30 5.0 5.40 181.9 86.2 88.3 19 ..

1980 101 0.27 5.1 5.33 163.2 233.7 105.6 27 56.6

1990 124 0.20 5.1 4.82 120.6 197.4 112.9 26 74.5

2000 160 0.17 5.3 4.97 100.0 100.0 100.0 36 100.0

2007 179 0.16 5.5 5.14 94.5 104.3 92.5 39 105.9

2008 178 0.15 5.5 4.94 92.2 90.7 92.7 36 105.4

2009e 173 0.15 5.5 4.63 89.0 92.4 .. 36 88.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.90 2.02 -2.39 -1.48 0.14 0.37 -0.67 0.14 -2.39 -1.48 5.00 -4.23 1.46 -1.09 1.82 1.89 1.95

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.116 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

21.87 0.48 19.02 0.17 0.23 1.98 -

21.05 0.66 16.17 0.17 0.55 0.00 2.66 0.84

18.82 0.57 9.79 1.65 0.81 0.00 3.48 2.51

20.26 0.42 9.32 2.38 0.93 0.01 3.99 3.22

21.48 0.38 9.58 2.44 1.47 0.01 4.15 3.44

21.56 0.37 9.67 2.40 1.69 0.01 4.13 3.29

21.31 0.31 9.39 2.41 1.74 0.02 4.10 3.34

-0.88 0.99 -3.83 14.36 7.65 3.39 -

0.69 -3.24 -0.23 2.10 4.36 8.98 0.91 1.60

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

4.79 0.30 3.81 0.02 0.08 0.57 -

4.51 0.55 3.02 0.01 0.11 0.71 0.11

3.85 0.46 1.31 0.77 0.16 1.04 0.11

4.19 0.38 1.08 1.11 0.16 1.23 0.23

4.17 0.32 1.17 1.02 0.18 1.26 0.22

4.09 0.31 1.08 1.07 0.20 1.24 0.19

3.94 0.26 0.97 1.09 0.24 1.19 0.20

-1.28 2.49 -6.07 22.90 4.01 3.64 -

0.13 -3.18 -1.70 1.95 2.09 0.77 3.71

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.86 0.00 3.85 -

4.32 4.31 -

4.93 4.90 -

5.69 5.65 -

6.37 6.32 -

6.66 6.60 -

6.57 6.52 -

1.44 1.43 -

1.62 1.60 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.01 9.90 0.18 8.66 0.13

0.02 7.97 0.10 5.96 0.14

0.03 5.72 0.02 1.81 0.59

0.04 5.94 0.00 1.11 0.94

0.01 0.05 6.35 0.80 0.98

0.01 0.04 6.31 0.74 0.91

0.01 0.05 6.29 0.68 0.91

3.87 -3.18 -11.63 -8.79 9.12

3.49 0.53 -5.33 2.40

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.12 0.81 0.46 0.01

0.35 0.00 0.91 0.49 1.75 0.72 0.01

0.48 0.00 1.19 1.62 2.46 0.00 0.46 0.20

0.61 0.01 1.25 2.03 2.61 0.19 0.23

1.10 0.01 1.30 2.16 2.88 0.12 0.35

1.31 0.01 1.27 2.07 2.81 0.11 0.32

1.32 0.01 1.27 2.10 2.85 0.12 0.32

8.64 2.27 10.38 18.35

5.80 8.98 0.37 1.45 0.83 -7.04 2.60

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.02 0.43 1.02 1.02 -

0.02 0.75 0.24 0.59 0.59 -

0.04 0.00 1.03 0.72 0.43 0.43 -

0.09 0.00 1.22 0.90 0.42 0.42 -

0.10 0.00 1.31 1.00 0.42 0.42 -

0.08 0.00 1.34 0.96 0.45 0.45 -

0.08 0.00 1.35 0.97 0.38 0.38 -

5.04 5.28 -4.88 -4.88 -

3.04 9.00 1.56 1.67 -0.72 -0.72 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.117

DENMARK 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

2.7 -0.1 0.1

8.7 -0.1 -0.3

8.9 -0.0 -0.2

5.5 -0.1 0.3

6.8 -0.2 -0.0

6.3 -0.1 -0.5

5.6 -0.1 0.1

7.2 -1.0 x

-1.9 5.7 x

Primary supply

2.8

8.4

8.7

5.7

6.6

5.7

5.7

7.0

-2.3

Statistical difference

0.0

0.2

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.3

-8.0

-8.1

-5.2

-6.3

-5.5

..

7.7

-2.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-2.3 -2.3 -

-8.0 -7.9 -0.1

-8.1 -8.1 -0.1

-5.2 -5.2 -0.0

-6.3 -6.3 -0.0

-5.5 -5.5 -0.0

.. .. ..

7.8 7.7 -

-2.1 -2.1 -18.5

Gas works

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.3

..

1.0

-3.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 -

0.3 0.0 0.2 -

0.3 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.5 -14.6 2.8 18.4

-3.2 9.8 -0.6 -

Transport(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.1 -

0.1 -

.. .. ..

-2.7 -11.6

-3.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.118 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

5.65 4.99 4.93 0.06 0.09 0.69 0.55 0.06 0.09 0.01 -

9.99 9.40 9.34 0.06 0.47 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.22 0.03 -

6.64 6.19 6.18 0.02 0.38 0.02 0.23 0.13 0.00 -

6.29 5.91 5.90 0.01 0.30 0.02 0.21 0.07 -

9.17 8.94 8.94 0.31 0.02 0.22 0.08 -

7.91 7.55 7.54 0.00 0.30 0.02 0.21 0.07 -

6.84 6.68 6.68 0.00 0.25 0.02 0.17 0.06 -

4.86 5.43 5.47 0.55 -3.18 -8.07 -1.35 7.85 5.95 -

-2.09 -1.88 -1.84 -17.44 -3.57 9.75 -0.87 -7.00 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.119

DENMARK 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. c

55.86 118.19 c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

76.39 x 69.50 .. 258.29

95.46 x 145.83 .. 538.28

119.94 x .. 108.11 c

.. x .. 162.96 c

.. x .. 280.27 c

.. x .. 315.42 c

.. x .. 353.68 c

.. x .. 453.28 c

.. x .. 360.54 585.00

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Danish crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. c

262 918 c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

421 x 528 .. 1830

538 x 1133 .. 3900

742 x .. 922 c

.. x .. 1817 c

.. x .. 2317 c

.. x .. 2584 c

.. x .. 2654 c

.. x .. 3186 c

.. x .. 2664 4031

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

2.73 2.58 .. .. 0.14

8.70 8.54 0.01 8.54 0.16

8.93 8.88 8.88 0.05

5.51 5.46 5.46 0.05

5.09 5.05 5.05 0.04

7.42 7.38 7.38 0.04

6.83 6.79 6.79 0.03

6.35 6.31 6.31 0.04

5.61 5.59 5.59 0.02

0.06 .. .. 0.06

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.06

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00

0.08 0.08 0.08 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.16 0.16 0.16 -

0.13 0.13 0.13 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.120 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

6110

12457

10255

13009

6416

8688

8122

7569

6711

-

6 4 2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6110 177 307 6 941 3078 145 2 8

12451 2484 328 38 14 2056 1311 2271 30

10255 1127 646 39 52 972 592 3223 8

13009 917 3 1 3476 30 2423 26

6416 143 2311 3 177

8688 290 3 529 29 274 129

8122 144 6 357 3 6 324

7569 10 159 11 344 409

6711 3 100 516 158

57 2057 1482

1116 382 3493 1078 59 2 3

812 1672 1295 3 -

1537 631 3062 2040 164 -

2475 288 2099 2252 168 -

1680 2243 2604 109 -

2019 1075 2710 130 -

868 528 50

29 332 3496 62 e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.121

DENMARK 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

-

57

54

25

123

110

183

156

64

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

-

57 54 3 -

54 9 14 31 -

25 10 7 8 -

123 76 34 13 -

110 29 79 2 -

183 102 81 -

156 129 27 -

64 32 32 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.122 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

93.62

535.51

390.83

..

625.03

..

154.99

434.34

..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 390.83 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal(3)

46.02

38.53

31.67

56.29

61.84

59.15

75.20

113.34

74.47

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

43.67 50.24 72.83 45.29 46.31 43.94 47.11 .. 41.65

35.66 39.52 .. 36.22 42.57 .. 36.57 39.01 40.89

25.20 .. .. 31.78 36.07 .. 30.52 31.93 32.65

40.19 .. .. 52.46 59.65 52.10 57.11 57.29 59.95

56.06 .. .. 52.10 62.81 .. 62.06 67.27 59.88

.. .. .. 51.93 65.96 .. 59.23 59.65 60.51

67.34 .. .. 89.54 .. .. 78.38 70.30 73.66

.. .. .. 153.20 138.51 .. 82.86 136.65 109.46

75.00 .. .. 95.36 74.51 .. 80.37 76.04 68.40

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.123

FINLAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 400

60

350 50 300 40

250

30

200 150

20 100 10

50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

80

90

70

80

Other transformation

2008

60

70 60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20 10

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.124 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

30.05 3.65 18.94 5.63 1.29 0.53 -

35.14 7.07 18.00 1.10 4.96 2.61 1.26 0.15 -

40.54 7.60 13.52 3.12 6.52 7.15 1.33 0.00 1.31 -

45.87 7.28 12.52 4.89 9.54 8.37 1.80 0.01 1.46 0.00

52.33 10.28 13.92 5.32 10.71 8.72 1.74 0.02 1.54 0.07

50.36 7.71 13.73 5.50 11.00 8.55 2.10 0.03 1.57 0.17

47.14 7.72 12.50 4.98 9.94 8.75 1.56 0.04 1.48 0.17

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.78 4.41 -1.97 0.86 0.19 5.45 -

1.21 0.08 0.09 3.21 2.95 0.99 2.56 25.73 1.02 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 60 0.50 4.7 6.44 133.3 102.0 72.5 26 38.2

1980 73 0.48 4.8 7.35 126.9 160.9 81.5 41 48.8

1990 99 0.41 5.0 8.13 108.3 127.9 95.6 54 64.6

2000 122 0.38 5.2 8.86 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 100.0

2007 152 0.34 5.3 9.89 91.5 113.2 91.6 81 125.7

2008 154 0.33 5.3 9.48 87.0 83.9 86.6 77 126.6

2009e 143 0.33 5.3 8.84 87.5 90.3 .. 72 100.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.03 2.45 -1.21 -1.21 0.39 0.35 1.38 0.86 -1.21 -1.21 1.34 -2.32 1.64 -0.55 4.41 1.98 3.14 3.81

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.63

1.04

2.59

1.72

1.55

1.65

2.96

12.47

-2.46

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.21

3.63

7.15

4.86

4.47

4.75

8.50

10.28

-2.25

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.125

FINLAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

27.41 1.51 16.08 0.01 5.63 3.31 0.86

27.63 1.58 14.29 0.62 4.93 4.57 1.64

31.77 2.23 13.13 1.41 5.03 0.00 7.24 2.74

34.26 1.64 10.88 1.43 7.06 0.00 9.29 3.97

38.46 1.48 12.12 1.40 6.56 0.00 10.54 6.36

38.55 1.38 12.11 1.62 6.70 0.00 10.61 6.13

37.36 1.35 11.57 1.56 6.74 0.00 10.15 5.99

0.87 2.32 -1.19 31.15 -0.66 4.71 7.02

0.90 -2.75 -0.70 0.59 1.64 3.93 1.89 4.45

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

9.31 1.34 5.63 0.01 2.22 0.11

8.55 1.44 3.57 0.57 2.80 0.17

12.89 2.20 1.63 1.31 3.50 4.00 0.25

16.00 1.60 1.32 1.27 5.51 5.26 1.04

18.04 1.43 2.06 1.16 4.66 5.77 2.97

17.61 1.34 1.77 1.20 4.78 5.78 2.74

16.91 1.31 1.76 1.07 4.76 5.32 2.70

1.93 2.96 -7.04 35.41 3.52 4.83

1.52 -2.84 0.44 -1.13 1.72 1.60 14.15

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.45 0.02 3.42 -

4.00 3.97 -

5.64 5.59 -

5.83 5.74 0.02

6.43 6.31 0.03

6.60 6.49 0.02

6.27 6.05 0.02

2.94 2.93 -

0.58 0.44 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.01 6.13 0.15 4.80 0.01

0.03 6.39 0.15 4.23 0.05

0.05 7.62 0.03 2.91 0.04

0.07 6.48 0.02 1.05 0.03

0.00 0.08 7.32 0.02 0.93 0.05

0.00 0.09 7.35 0.02 0.89 0.05

0.11 0.09 7.13 0.02 0.82 0.05

12.32 1.29 -8.67 -2.91 11.52

3.07 -0.36 -3.95 -6.80 1.51

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.62 0.55 0.43 -

0.99 0.96 0.68 -

1.30 0.00 1.79 1.54 1.28 -

1.34 0.00 2.23 1.82 2.22 0.00 0.47 0.04

1.63 0.00 2.60 2.10 2.56 0.00 0.44 0.04

1.64 0.00 2.64 2.12 2.55 0.00 0.43 0.04

1.61 0.00 2.60 2.04 2.52 0.00 0.35 0.04

6.48 6.28 6.58 -

1.17 3.93 2.09 1.57 3.85 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.43 1.51 1.51 -

0.68 1.76 1.76 -

1.28 2.08 2.05 0.03

0.08 1.63 1.43 1.38 0.05

0.10 1.98 1.67 1.56 0.11

0.09 1.99 2.02 1.72 0.29

0.09 2.03 2.08 1.71 0.37

6.58 1.90 1.80 -

2.61 0.01 -0.98 14.24

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.126 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

0.1 3.5 -0.0 0.1

1.0 5.4 -0.0 0.6

2.6 6.3 -0.0 -1.3

1.7 5.1 -0.0 0.5

1.6 6.5 -0.0 2.2

1.7 5.6 -0.0 0.4

3.0 5.5 -0.0 -0.7

22.6 3.5 -17.1 x

-2.5 -0.6 13.3 x

3.6

7.1

7.6

7.3

10.3

7.7

7.7

4.4

0.1

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

-0.2

0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-5.3 e

-5.3 e

-5.6 e

-8.6 e

-6.3 e

..

5.5

1.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-1.7 -1.7 -

-4.9 -4.5 -0.5

-4.7 -4.4 -0.3

-4.9 -4.5 -0.4

-7.9 -7.5 -0.4

-5.7 -5.3 -0.4

.. .. ..

6.1 5.7 -

1.0 1.0 1.4

Gas works

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.5 e -0.5 e -0.0 -

-0.6 e -0.5 e -0.1 -

-0.7 e -0.5 e -0.1 -

-0.7 e -0.5 e -0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.2 2.0 -

1.0 -0.3 14.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-

..

-

-

Losses

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

1.5

1.6

2.2

1.6

1.4

1.4

..

2.3

-2.7

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.3 0.4 e 0.0 0.0

1.4 0.5 e 0.0 0.5 0.3

2.2 0.8 e 0.1 0.7 0.5

1.6 0.8 e 0.1 0.2 0.4

1.3 0.7 e 0.0 0.2 0.4

1.3 0.7 e 0.0 0.2 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

3.0 4.3 17.2 20.2

-2.8 -0.4 -7.3 -7.1 -2.6

Transport(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-8.7 -8.7

1.6 -3.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.127

FINLAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

5.31 4.57 4.52 0.05 0.67 0.09 0.01 0.41 0.15 0.08 -

4.94 3.88 3.77 0.11 1.04 0.08 0.08 0.76 0.09 0.02 0.01 -

3.91 3.50 3.46 0.05 0.34 0.07 0.17 0.09 0.01 0.00 -

3.20 2.91 2.90 0.02 0.28 0.09 0.17 0.02 0.00 -

6.54 6.33 6.32 0.02 0.20 0.18 0.02 0.00 0.00 -

5.66 5.47 5.46 0.01 0.18 0.16 0.02 -

3.91 3.66 3.65 0.01 0.20 0.18 0.02 0.00 -

-0.60 -1.34 -1.49 7.24 3.82 -0.61 16.10 5.22 -14.26 -16.20 -

-1.29 -0.33 -0.18 -14.96 -8.74 -7.65 -8.50 -85.20 -

-

0.71 0.71 -

1.28 1.28 -

1.40 1.28 -

1.07 1.24 -

1.42 1.24 -

1.08 1.24 -

-

2.33 3.12 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.128 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

51.74 71.34 78.45

77.80 148.30 158.02

72.35 130.84 96.13

44.40 133.67 88.04

82.82 232.79 128.66

85.36 267.72 173.47

96.21 300.68 187.08

164.25 420.74 264.51

111.56 307.65 235.04

51.74 .. 71.34 .. 78.45

77.80 .. 148.30 .. 158.02

72.35 .. 130.84 .. 96.13

89.47 99.78 .. 172.12 101.68

146.63 196.65 .. 286.78 147.93

149.81 203.29 .. 322.25 192.94

166.59 225.89 .. 360.21 208.33

249.09 382.62 .. 492.16 289.53

192.19 286.13 .. 375.52 258.81

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.11 67.61 69.70

42.38 127.32 127.18

40.48 115.38 79.47

41.92 198.90 122.82

58.01 257.00 133.16

59.20 292.63 177.76

61.12 301.03 175.58

97.76 394.68 232.62

69.88 303.70 217.51

31.11 .. 67.61 .. 69.70

42.38 .. 127.32 .. 127.18

40.48 .. 115.38 .. 79.47

84.47 108.23 .. 256.12 141.85

102.71 158.25 .. 316.60 153.11

103.90 161.98 .. 352.23 197.71

105.82 164.85 .. 360.63 195.53

148.26 261.63 .. 461.68 254.62

120.38 205.90 .. 370.70 239.52

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

3.50 2.68 .. .. 0.82

5.41 4.20 4.20 1.21

6.27 5.49 0.64 4.85 0.77

5.08 4.58 1.26 3.32 0.50

4.80 4.29 1.40 2.89 0.50

6.48 5.95 1.07 4.88 0.00 0.52

6.52 5.93 1.42 4.52 0.02 0.57

5.63 5.03 1.08 3.95 0.07 0.53

5.52 5.24 0.96 4.28 0.04 0.24

0.02 .. .. 0.02

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.02 0.02 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.02 0.02 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.00

0.02 0.01 0.00

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.129

FINLAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

4789

5089

6101

5821

5072

6684

6670

5672

5936

-

-

711 203 45 -

1651 602 695 27

1258 100 2 705 360 -

1073 249 434 2 324 -

1418 559 529 315 -

1077 292 393 392 -

959 223 293 372 -

-

-

463 -

305 22 -

91 -

64 -

2 13 -

-

71 -

4789 4089 3 -

5089 404 56 2407 1 1018 4

5390 2609 253 41 -

4170 51 1899 88 460 -

3814 1313 51

5611 530 9 467 48

5252 270 7 39 24

4595 88 141 47

4977 189 3 71 7

697 -

347 852 -

100 334 1905 148 -

203 24 1240 176 29 -

2448 2 -

323 274 379 3558 23 -

88 4811 13 -

68 194 254 3770 33 -

74 13 4598 19 3 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.130 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

..

60.49

53.94

95.47

131.60

138.48

152.40

326.47

192.34

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 60.94 60.37 .. .. .. 59.06

.. 58.26 .. 52.76 55.42 .. .. .. 51.74

85.75 89.94 .. 124.02 92.30 .. .. .. 54.76

148.54 153.33 .. 147.80 121.25 .. .. .. 57.46

139.46 149.22 .. .. 125.76 .. .. .. 124.04

150.14 164.99 .. .. 135.83 .. .. .. 129.54

392.82 350.70 .. .. 258.32 .. .. .. ..

166.94 216.54 .. .. 200.58 .. .. .. 129.25

49.71

44.30

32.08

58.45

62.80

67.65

72.64

134.21

86.94

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

46.59 .. .. 44.28 53.46 .. 52.73 .. 40.34

.. .. .. 34.83 .. .. .. .. 30.46

.. .. .. 63.74 .. .. .. .. 57.32

.. .. .. 68.11 .. .. .. .. 61.59

.. .. .. 73.39 78.95 .. 82.30 76.78 62.84

.. .. .. 79.86 72.38 .. 77.53 .. 71.89

.. .. .. 164.75 136.19 .. 215.26 195.76 124.32

.. .. .. 79.19 69.73 .. 82.32 .. 87.26

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.131

FRANCE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

450 400

100

350 80

300 250

60

200 150

40

100

20

50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

600

600

500

500

Other transformation

2008

400

400 300 300 200

200

100

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.132 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

257.34 41.77 171.15 19.37 13.98 5.49 5.86 0.00 0.07 -0.35 -

273.96 46.99 151.88 30.91 12.35 22.80 8.54 0.02 0.07 0.40 -

319.84 28.87 119.88 37.18 15.69 116.93 6.61 0.16 0.10 -5.58 -

359.81 21.49 117.19 51.08 15.49 154.56 8.25 0.18 0.10 -8.54 -

376.99 19.49 119.95 54.97 17.95 163.71 7.14 0.16 0.61 -6.98 -

380.71 18.39 118.86 56.96 19.95 163.61 7.83 0.16 0.83 -5.90 -

361.45 14.25 113.69 54.93 20.92 152.54 6.99 0.17 1.11 -3.16 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.29 -2.15 -2.07 3.91 0.68 19.71 0.71 28.87 2.11 17.60 -

0.97 -2.47 -0.05 2.40 1.34 1.88 0.94 0.18 12.61 0.31 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 703 0.37 53.3 4.83 135.0 366.9 72.9 183 69.0

1980 861 0.32 55.1 4.97 117.4 337.2 83.8 257 75.9

1990 1092 0.29 58.2 5.50 108.1 163.4 95.5 417 88.9

2000 1328 0.27 60.7 5.93 100.0 100.0 100.0 536 100.0

2007 1509 0.25 63.8 5.91 92.2 79.8 97.4 564 101.9

2008 1515 0.25 64.1 5.94 92.7 75.0 98.7 570 99.8

2009e 1497 0.24 64.3 5.62 89.1 58.8 .. 537 87.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.62 1.84 -1.30 -0.85 0.52 0.54 0.77 0.43 -1.30 -0.85 -4.65 -4.23 1.60 0.18 4.98 1.75 1.50 0.64

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

4.80 14.14 1.17 -

4.23 13.78 1.10 -

1.80 8.55 1.43 -

3.37 0.17 -

0.37 -

0.25 -

0.18 -

-7.86 -4.11 1.68 -

-17.90 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

4.66 16.50 2.73 -

4.11 16.08 2.56 -

1.82 9.38 2.33 -

3.80 0.30 -

0.42 -

0.28 -

0.20 -

-7.54 -4.60 -1.30 -

-17.77 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.133

FRANCE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

203.17 18.67 137.19 15.95 12.73 0.00 18.26 0.37

201.84 12.23 124.80 27.59 11.16 0.02 0.01 25.69 0.34

204.28 11.11 107.20 34.17 13.80 0.16 0.03 37.13 0.68

232.82 6.33 115.63 45.91 12.84 0.18 0.02 47.29 4.62

239.33 5.76 113.93 47.70 13.71 0.16 0.04 52.45 5.59

235.97 6.06 111.46 45.71 14.65 0.16 0.05 52.34 5.55

236.49 5.88 108.03 47.21 16.52 0.16 0.06 53.26 5.37

0.03 -3.01 -1.44 4.58 0.47 28.87 4.26 3.69

0.82 -3.48 0.04 1.81 1.01 0.18 4.63 2.02 12.15

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

59.55 10.24 31.22 6.10 1.67 10.32 -

58.87 7.66 27.53 10.35 1.61 11.72 -

47.08 8.37 9.36 13.12 2.14 14.09 -

49.39 5.20 7.78 17.64 2.23 16.54 -

47.66 4.99 10.54 13.24 2.40 16.50 -

46.71 5.33 9.63 12.77 2.69 16.29 -

47.67 5.17 8.94 13.37 2.84 17.35 -

-1.37 -1.18 -6.84 4.62 1.44 1.85 -

0.07 -2.64 -0.26 0.10 1.59 1.16 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

35.29 0.09 34.39 0.02

43.30 0.03 42.42 0.01

54.94 53.85 0.00

65.03 63.12 0.00

64.55 61.90 0.09

65.13 61.44 0.09

63.63 58.63 0.12

2.64 2.67 -23.40

0.82 0.47 42.01

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.79 30.57 8.34 2.61 5.00

0.85 32.28 4.54 2.99 7.75

1.09 51.06 2.37 e 15.65 9.41

0.48 1.44 58.20 0.90 13.66 18.08 e

1.04 1.52 61.11 0.51 12.10 20.87

2.07 1.53 56.77 0.50 10.74 18.48

3.25 1.63 60.95 0.50 11.64 20.00

1.95 3.06 -7.12 11.12 3.79

2.26 0.99 -8.30 -1.63 4.28

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

10.92 0.00 3.71 52.32 46.32 2.70

9.41 0.01 0.01 7.56 43.15 31.67 6.13

11.54 0.15 0.03 11.91 25.82 7.28 8.72

9.54 0.17 0.02 15.81 25.91 6.15 6.45 e

9.41 0.11 0.04 18.07 29.48 5.86 7.06

8.99 0.11 0.05 17.91 29.55 5.25 7.39

9.53 0.11 0.06 19.12 27.20 6.19 6.81

0.32 28.81 7.11 -4.07 -10.31 7.14

-1.06 -1.58 3.89 2.67 0.29 -0.89 -1.37

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.30 20.86 18.72 2.14

5.36 19.16 15.99 3.17

0.07 9.75 19.09 0.37 16.00 2.72

0.53 12.78 23.18 0.22 19.65 3.32

0.81 0.04 0.00 15.72 20.75 0.19 18.24 2.32

0.84 0.04 0.01 16.03 21.88 0.16 19.12 2.60

0.85 0.04 0.01 13.30 19.66 0.14 17.22 2.30

6.58 -0.52 -0.92 1.43

15.05 1.74 0.17 -5.29 0.41 -0.93

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.134 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.8 15.4 -1.9 2.4

19.1 30.1 -1.2 -1.0

11.8 19.5 -0.9 -1.5

3.5 19.3 -0.8 -0.6

0.4 18.9 -1.0 1.1

0.2 21.4 -1.1 -2.1

0.2 14.1 -0.1 -

-4.5 1.4 -4.1 x

-19.3 0.5 1.1 x

Primary supply

41.8

47.0

28.9

21.5

19.5

18.4

14.3

-2.1

-2.5

Statistical difference

2.0

-0.0

-0.3

0.4

0.8

0.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-22.1

-31.9 e

-16.4 e

-14.8 e

-13.5 e

-12.4 e

..

-1.7

-1.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-14.8 -14.8 -

-24.4 -16.9 -7.5

-12.0 -6.9 -5.1

-10.9 -9.4 -1.4

.. .. ..

-1.2 -4.4 -

-1.8 0.5 -8.1

Gas works

-0.2

-0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-7.1 -6.3 -1.3 0.4

-7.4 e -6.3 e -1.5 0.3

-4.4 e -3.8 e -0.8 0.2

-3.9 e -3.6 e -0.3 0.0

-3.9 e -3.2 e -0.7 0.0

-3.7 e -2.9 e -0.8 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.8 -2.8 -3.0 -3.9

-1.0 -1.5 -0.0 -17.7

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-9.6 -7.8 -1.9

-8.7 -7.6 -1.1

Energy ind. own use

-2.5

-2.7

-0.9

-0.8

-0.7

-0.6

..

-6.1

-1.6

Losses

-0.5

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

-

-

..

x

x

18.7

12.2

11.1

6.3

6.1

5.9

..

-3.0

-3.5

5.2 2.8 e c 0.2 e 0.1 e

5.3 3.3 e 0.5 0.5 0.1

5.2 3.2 e 0.6 0.5 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -1.5 -0.9 4.3 5.6

-2.6 -2.3 -2.7 -3.7 -10.7

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

10.2 6.2 1.2 0.5 0.2

7.7 4.6 e 0.8 0.6 0.1

8.4 4.8 e 1.0 e 1.0 e 0.4 e

Transport(6)

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

8.3 8.3

4.5 4.5

2.4 2.4 e

0.9 0.9

0.6 0.5

0.6 0.5

.. .. ..

-7.1 -7.1

-7.6 -8.3

-

-

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.1

..

-

-5.3

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.135

FRANCE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

31.60 22.16 16.75 5.41 2.09 2.91 1.47 0.38 0.15 0.04 0.87 3.09 -

19.12 11.03 7.00 4.03 0.38 1.09 4.68 1.63 0.81 0.99 0.49 0.76 1.65 -

15.26 10.42 9.49 0.94 0.11 2.03 2.46 0.43 0.20 0.16 1.67 0.70 -

14.92 10.31 9.35 0.97 0.03 2.37 2.39 0.56 0.62 0.27 0.19 0.76 0.48 -

13.09 8.62 7.72 0.89 0.02 2.54 2.35 0.68 0.39 0.31 0.15 0.83 0.48 -

14.37 9.31 8.34 0.97 0.01 2.41 2.71 0.73 0.46 0.50 0.09 0.93 0.48 -

12.42 8.50 7.76 0.75 0.01 1.99 2.58 0.68 0.55 0.44 0.07 0.84 0.48 -

-4.10 -5.65 -7.01 -2.43 -13.19 4.04 0.88 6.50 17.02 22.74 -1.14 -5.10 -

-2.37 -1.43 0.57 -8.94 -17.50 3.42 -3.25 -4.74 -2.09 -4.39 -10.55 0.58 -6.62 -

12.98 12.98 -

9.67 9.52 -

6.54 6.54 -

6.22 5.85 -

5.98 5.88 -

6.14 5.95 -

6.70 5.99 -

-2.42 -2.55 -

-2.02 -2.54 -

2.62 2.34 1.17 1.17 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.07 -

2.09 1.84 0.59 1.25 0.23 0.09 0.14 0.08 -

0.36 0.27 0.27 0.05 0.05 0.04 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

-1.85 -1.97 -5.51 0.55 1.17 20.31 -2.59 0.80 -

-17.41 -6.62 -3.93 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.136 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

56.31 .. ..

57.35 .. ..

41.98 .. ..

84.41 .. ..

82.15 .. ..

94.53 .. ..

153.44 .. ..

128.44 .. ..

61.82 51.84 66.80 .. 76.57

107.40 58.46 131.05 .. 137.04

128.20 62.62 97.93 .. 128.49

105.48 45.43 128.55 140.36 138.50

.. 106.19 217.27 232.51 256.81

.. 127.95 257.57 267.44 320.57

.. 119.55 292.82 302.85 322.09

.. 207.93 398.94 421.73 472.33

.. 197.67 308.22 315.88 341.35

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

32.17 .. ..

42.23 .. ..

40.41 .. ..

60.28 .. ..

58.09 .. ..

61.22 .. ..

93.11 .. ..

82.02 .. ..

37.73 37.12 64.01 .. 67.73

61.36 39.18 117.55 .. 113.47

94.40 54.09 113.21 .. 137.11

101.53 51.29 194.27 212.12 193.21

.. 88.96 243.61 260.70 265.79

.. 106.13 285.93 296.89 328.49

.. 90.82 297.74 307.93 302.30

.. 148.02 380.07 401.79 415.38

.. 148.08 309.01 316.70 315.90

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

15.42 11.67 .. .. 3.75

30.11 27.00 10.75 16.25 0.00 3.11

19.50 18.22 8.17 10.05 0.04 1.24

19.34 17.84 6.81 11.03 0.03 1.47

20.18 18.57 6.51 12.06 0.02 1.59

20.56 19.01 6.24 12.77 0.02 1.53

18.95 17.77 6.44 11.33 0.03 1.15

21.41 19.99 7.53 12.46 0.04 1.37

14.15 13.39 3.73 9.66 0.05 0.71

1.86 0.82 .. .. 0.01 1.03

1.22 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.84

0.92 0.53 0.53 0.39

0.77 0.08 0.08 0.69

0.88 0.27 0.03 0.23 0.61

0.80 0.13 0.02 0.11 0.67

0.96 0.20 0.05 0.15 0.76

1.12 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.95

0.08 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.02

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.137

FRANCE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

23441

18835

19389

13190

18980

20391

18958

21285

14445

8316 987 4364 1311 1 1462 -

7773 1949 351 1853 185 38 3307 -

7848 2071 637 817 254 4019 50

7300 2310 51 900 3891 87

6543 2818 577 182 2667 1

5995 3896 371 1 1670 26

6191 4071 468 1549 25

7239 4985 378 1461 19

3584 968 107 168 2137 156

191 -

1 89 -

-

30 30 1 -

130 154 14 -

29 2

78 -

38 198 55 105

12 36 -

15125 785 2217 3441 891 36 98

11062 850 410 1162 883 204 678 280

11541 1480 50 718 141 311 2586 222

5890 276 221 159 77 53 5

12437 1022 98 881 61 425 1125

14396 1829 103 68 927 33 330 1224

12767 2011 115 47 375 1 313 2144

14046 1334 166 56 106 2611 2186

10861 1824 56 206 40 1512 2288

6643 853 161

46 2 6444 75 28

1776 2033 863 777 560 24

900 900 2100 302 21 707 156 13

524 1043 6 5694 383 935 140 100

17 2221 584 4239 1124 35 460 153 1049

263 1805 36 3971 1033 477 157 19

129 1956 2 3317 1628 10 435 66 44

3 1044 1 2953 788 127 19

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.138 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

449

976

585

392

89

123

166

165

9

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

443 51 264 8 17 53 8 42 -

700 1 25 4 412 46 22 2 15 105 20 48 -

573 8 15 343 36 56 2 95 1 10 6 1 -

392 1 1 250 20 24 5 70 6 15 -

88 5 75 1 7 -

118 33 1 84 -

166 62 4 1 99 -

164 70 8 86 -

9 5 1 3 -

1 1

266 266

11 11 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

10

1

-

1

5

-

1

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.139

FRANCE 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

65.14

61.82

47.26

75.46

109.69

133.48

124.63

212.51

204.75

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

65.23 64.81 .. 65.24 64.95 64.53 .. 66.18 ..

60.65 62.14 .. 67.65 62.68 52.07 .. 53.98 ..

45.74 46.36 .. 47.64 50.47 .. 34.84 32.99 ..

68.13 76.85 .. 76.89 86.10 .. .. 33.73 135.05

115.61 117.56 .. .. 107.04 .. .. .. ..

136.73 140.74 .. .. 121.01 .. .. .. ..

125.44 134.95 .. .. 116.61 .. .. .. 118.36

230.00 186.97 .. .. 169.04 258.16 .. .. 205.53

239.82 289.34 .. .. 164.69 .. .. 157.57 215.17

Steam coal(3)

50.42

49.29

37.21

64.08

75.23

72.92

84.49

135.53

113.60

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

47.89 62.44 .. 46.61 48.77 48.79 49.99 .. 44.72

50.95 42.97 .. 34.06 50.21 36.52 46.98 45.55 47.86

38.29 .. .. 34.55 34.84 30.35 37.94 33.28 36.55

55.37 .. .. 76.61 46.61 .. 65.24 55.00 75.88

79.28 121.47 .. 83.83 75.04 .. 77.69 70.02 71.20

80.63 57.30 .. 157.73 80.70 .. 81.95 68.11 68.26

72.97 146.11 .. 163.83 92.02 .. 84.63 76.34 77.92

118.16 121.26 .. .. 125.30 230.24 126.77 139.33 142.92

101.22 165.48 .. 80.58 146.07 .. 122.16 109.51 92.95

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.140 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 600

120

500

100

400

80

300

60

200

40 20

100

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

1200

600

1000

500

Other transformation

2008

800

400 600 300 400

200

200

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.141

GERMANY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

478.14 199.10 226.71 40.96 3.57 4.51 1.87 1.42 -

510.25 201.47 205.52 73.12 6.22 20.71 2.34 0.88 -

502.01 183.63 173.78 78.56 6.85 56.91 2.14 0.01 0.02 0.11 -0.00

481.84 121.18 179.14 102.62 11.23 63.14 2.67 0.18 1.31 0.38 -0.00

475.57 123.82 149.14 109.78 33.97 52.32 2.57 0.30 5.71 -2.03 -0.01

478.98 115.67 158.76 109.34 33.45 55.28 2.57 0.35 6.04 -2.47 -0.01

455.47 103.59 148.43 109.14 36.80 50.23 2.14 0.65 5.99 -1.51 -0.01

0.29 -0.47 -1.55 3.91 3.90 16.09 0.79 -13.78 -

2009e 2028 0.22 82.1 5.55 88.6 80.1 .. 591 99.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.36 1.71 -2.02 -1.94 0.03 0.19 0.26 -0.45 -2.02 -1.94 -2.77 -4.18 -0.13 -0.89 2.26 0.79 1.57 1.59

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

-0.26 -2.54 -0.50 1.85 9.21 -0.16 1.03 21.89 35.71 3.95

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 1039 0.46 79.0 6.06 181.5 300.5 118.4 374 70.1

1980 1226 0.42 78.3 6.52 164.1 257.7 125.6 466 75.6

1990 1543 0.33 79.4 6.33 128.3 186.6 115.9 548 91.3

2000 1900 0.25 82.2 5.86 100.0 100.0 100.0 572 100.0

2007 2069 0.23 82.3 5.78 90.6 93.8 100.2 630 120.9

2008 2095 0.23 82.1 5.83 90.2 86.6 98.6 631 121.2

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

51.64 34.97 106.08 -

55.43 35.43 113.63 -

44.06 27.23 102.55 0.12

18.66 15.86 52.05 0.04

13.61 8.84 55.54 -

10.44 7.27 53.79 -

8.97 5.15 52.11 -

-1.32 -2.06 -0.28 -

-7.69 -7.08 -3.52 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

52.24 37.95 377.89 -

56.04 38.46 389.73 -

44.58 31.98 357.47 0.43

18.86 18.51 167.69 0.15

13.75 10.43 180.41 -

10.55 8.51 175.31 -

9.06 5.91 169.86 -

-1.31 -1.42 -0.46 -

-7.69 -7.09 -3.88 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.142 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

345.30 75.92 190.42 30.18 2.50 38.44 7.84

355.23 66.96 175.26 51.16 2.72 48.14 10.99

344.27 53.23 159.16 58.62 4.25 0.01 0.02 55.91 13.07

331.53 12.77 163.81 78.74 6.72 0.18 0.16 59.40 9.76

351.78 12.42 149.72 85.48 13.50 0.22 0.40 64.60 25.43

326.17 11.83 133.13 83.43 17.68 0.26 0.45 64.79 14.60

336.68 12.17 143.13 83.99 17.13 0.29 0.51 64.57 14.90

-0.02 -2.07 -1.05 3.98 3.17 2.23 3.05

-0.12 -7.87 -0.59 2.02 8.05 20.57 21.21 0.80 0.73

126.06 37.81 46.15 17.87 0.04 21.91 2.27

112.62 35.06 25.59 24.59 0.04 24.52 2.82

94.52 28.34 10.10 24.91 1.13 26.60 3.44

73.33 10.54 7.35 27.52 0.65 26.00 1.29

81.90 10.64 5.55 24.65 1.98 28.18 10.90

80.22 9.56 5.14 25.43 5.10 29.82 5.17

78.93 9.89 5.05 24.67 5.06 29.75 4.51

-1.68 -1.68 -8.55 1.97 21.74 1.15 2.47

-1.00 -5.68 -3.78 -0.05 8.67 0.62 1.51

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

51.61 2.46 47.94 -

63.14 0.36 61.23 0.09

78.08 0.02 76.38 -

85.81 0.01 83.52 -

80.47 73.52 -

78.79 71.32 -

77.29 70.86 -

2.47 -24.22 2.78 -

-0.06 -0.42 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.21 86.85 20.44 48.19 1.59

1.47 78.39 17.27 35.76 1.79

1.68 89.96 13.89 25.84 20.63

0.32 1.95 93.14 1.31 27.83 33.48 e

4.95 2.00 92.54 0.86 25.98 41.15

5.47 2.00 87.67 1.31 15.84 40.22

4.40 2.03 97.36 1.38 23.33 41.45

1.94 0.21 -2.25 -3.60 16.26

1.05 0.44 -12.03 -0.56 3.95

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.41 9.65 5.57 39.17 9.31 22.98 0.90

1.28 14.13 8.17 40.70 9.73 21.38 1.03

3.11 0.01 0.01 e 16.84 9.63 40.51 8.11 15.04 7.45

5.75 0.18 0.08 16.03 8.47 35.82 0.44 12.60 8.29

6.57 0.22 0.39 17.38 39.06 0.51 12.09 10.44

7.10 0.26 0.43 17.21 5.30 37.66 0.43 8.83 9.52

7.64 0.29 0.51 17.14 5.62 41.88 0.39 12.60 9.52

4.77 3.33 3.27 0.20 -0.81 -2.46 13.21

5.11 20.57 24.15 0.10 -2.95 0.19 -15.49 -0.98 1.37

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.05 4.92 24.61 3.21 20.27 1.14

1.41 7.15 32.80 2.22 26.76 3.82

9.91 32.78 1.20 28.36 3.22

14.49 35.81 0.39 32.35 3.07

0.02 16.01 35.95 0.38 32.50 3.07

0.02 0.02 14.72 4.13 35.46 0.53 31.95 2.98

0.02 14.59 4.77 34.55 0.50 31.29 2.76

4.20 1.70 -5.62 2.00 6.32

2.17 0.29 -4.73 0.55 -0.85

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

e e e

e

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.143

GERMANY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

202.0 21.8 -26.1 1.5

204.5 20.6 -22.5 -1.1

174.0 16.4 -11.7 4.9

86.6 31.7 -0.8 3.6

78.0 46.9 -1.1 0.1

71.5 45.8 -1.5 -0.1

66.2 38.2 -1.3 0.4

-0.9 -1.6 -4.6 x

-4.8 5.9 -10.6 x

Primary supply

199.1

201.5

183.6

121.2

123.8

115.7

103.6

-0.5

-2.5

Statistical difference

0.4

0.2

0.6

0.4

0.1

0.6

..

x

x

Total transformation

-115.6 e

-129.1 e

-127.3 e

-106.6 e

-110.1

-102.3

..

0.6

-1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-104.1 -99.8 -4.3

-115.8 -94.1 -21.6

-115.4 e -98.5 e -16.9 e

-98.8 e -91.5 e -7.3

-103.1 -95.3 -7.8

-95.5 -87.9 -7.6

.. .. ..

0.6 -0.1 8.4

-1.0 -0.6 -4.3

Autoproducers Gas works

-3.5

Coal transformation(2)

-8.0 e 1.9 -9.2 e -0.9 0.3

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-2.1

-1.5

-

-11.2 e 1.2 -10.1 e -2.5 0.2

-10.5 e -1.4 -8.0 e -1.2 0.2

-7.8 e -0.2 -7.9 e 0.2 0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-5.0

-

-7.0 -0.1 -6.9 0.1 0.0

-6.8 -0.0 -6.8 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.6 -0.8 1.5 -3.6

-2.4 -17.8 -0.9 -

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-6.6

-4.9

-3.4

-1.7

-1.6

-1.4

..

-3.9

-4.6

Losses

-1.3

-0.7

-0.3

-0.5

-0.4

-0.4

..

x

x

75.9

67.0

53.2

12.8

11.8

12.2

..

-2.1

-7.9

37.8 13.3 e 9.2 1.6 1.2

35.1 10.4 e 8.3 2.9 1.3

28.3 7.8 e 6.3 3.3 1.3

10.5 5.6 e 0.6 2.8 0.5

9.6 6.0 0.4 2.1 0.4

9.9 6.1 0.6 2.0 0.7

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -3.1 -2.2 4.5 0.3

-5.7 -1.3 -12.4 -2.9 -3.2

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

2.5

0.4

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-24.2

-

32.4 9.3 20.4

29.3 9.7 17.3

23.7 8.1 13.9

1.8 0.4 1.3

1.7 0.4 1.3

1.8 0.4 1.4

.. .. ..

-1.8 -0.8 -2.2

-13.4 -15.5 -12.0

3.2

2.2

1.2

0.4

0.5

0.5

..

-5.6

-4.7

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.144 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

45.08 34.59 21.05 13.55 1.46 5.15 0.25 1.88 0.48 0.28 2.26 2.00 -

44.75 33.78 26.06 7.73 0.78 1.73 6.53 2.57 1.64 0.56 1.76 0.71 0.01

44.50 38.77 35.67 3.10 0.15 2.53 2.44 0.21 0.27 1.35 0.43 0.19 0.29 -

41.76 35.38 32.74 2.65 0.09 2.77 3.34 1.41 0.70 0.34 0.47 0.43 0.57 0.06

43.85 38.63 35.77 2.86 0.09 2.98 3.33 1.61 0.68 0.33 0.51 0.21 0.49 0.05

47.10 40.07 36.39 3.68 0.09 3.12 2.42 1.02 0.14 0.67 0.43 0.17 1.28 0.06

44.05 37.50 33.64 3.86 3.07 2.89 1.08 0.28 0.65 0.68 0.21 1.15 0.06

-0.06 -0.20 1.79 -4.57 -5.14 2.00 2.66 10.75 5.92 -2.05 -8.24 -

-0.09 0.58 1.43 -3.79 3.24 -4.43 -11.58 -5.03 1.00 -11.11 2.72 11.84

41.88 6.58 5.70 0.88 34.30 1.01 -

42.22 18.12 14.24 3.88 24.09 -

24.46 13.04 10.17 2.87 11.42 -

22.19 12.02 10.73 1.28 10.18 -

21.69 11.32 9.95 1.38 10.37 -

23.00 12.56 11.40 1.16 10.44 -

20.01 9.76 8.76 1.00 10.25 -

0.07 8.81 7.93 13.17 -2.90 -

-4.06 -3.38 -2.67 -7.23 -4.64 -

383.17 224.46 210.89 13.57 130.03 0.02 20.55 0.24 10.63 0.13 0.88 8.66 2.36 -

364.05 227.90 209.11 18.79 104.92 0.14 20.36 0.76 7.55 0.49 0.60 10.96 7.87 -

169.94 157.39 155.39 2.00 11.36 0.45 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.05 0.02

177.89 165.28 163.32 1.95 11.31 0.37 0.18 0.01 0.03 0.15 0.02 0.04

176.38 162.94 161.12 1.83 11.97 0.56 0.15 0.01 0.40 0.04

180.56 167.46 165.20 2.26 11.55 0.53 0.02 0.34 0.17 0.04

174.83 160.93 158.51 2.42 12.42 0.56 0.01 0.41 0.13 0.03

-0.43 0.13 -0.07 2.75 -1.77 18.25 -0.08 10.07 -2.81 11.48 -3.20 1.98 10.58 -

-3.99 -1.91 -1.53 -10.76 -11.18 -18.14 -19.89 -14.98 -21.71 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.145

GERMANY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

83.97 74.14 60.70

100.08 141.13 98.58

141.95 104.43 122.96

42.94 119.49 119.34

80.73 205.66 ..

78.92 252.91 ..

91.38 266.07 ..

154.47 408.65 ..

111.47 300.16 ..

98.52 62.91 74.07 .. 83.25

120.31 71.78 133.23 .. 122.13

185.76 63.02 102.27 .. 145.88

.. c .. 123.70 146.16

.. c .. 216.35 ..

.. c .. 265.21 ..

.. c .. 281.38 ..

.. c .. 422.75 ..

.. c .. 312.12 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

85.18 106.60 80.15

91.83 183.55 117.75

115.81 120.76 130.58

46.02 181.50 166.48

64.19 231.78 ..

62.13 282.20 ..

65.89 271.93 ..

104.36 391.33 ..

79.25 302.48 ..

101.18 64.15 106.50 .. 109.93

111.77 66.21 173.28 .. 145.87

153.44 51.68 118.26 .. 154.92

.. c .. 187.90 203.90

.. c .. 243.83 ..

.. c .. 295.93 ..

.. c .. 287.58 ..

.. c .. 404.83 ..

.. c .. 314.53 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

21.76 14.76 .. .. 1.74 5.27

20.63 15.09 2.99 12.10 0.62 4.92

16.43 12.43 1.69 10.75 1.06 2.94

31.74 24.84 4.56 20.28 0.91 5.99

37.64 33.86 7.36 26.50 0.00 3.78

42.54 38.81 8.98 29.83 0.02 3.71

46.91 42.23 9.53 32.71 0.01 4.67

45.84 41.48 9.16 32.32 0.02 4.35

38.24 34.99 6.38 28.61 0.01 3.25

26.14 13.58 .. .. 0.01 12.56

22.53 12.25 8.52 3.73 0.00 10.28

11.65 5.59 3.96 1.63 0.05 0.12 5.89

0.80 0.29 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.04 0.47

0.91 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.03 0.61

1.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.03 0.76

1.15 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.83

1.54 0.53 0.53 0.00 1.00

1.27 0.32 0.11 0.21 0.01 0.94

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.146 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

12865

15547

13580

15052

27948

42132

46287

45427

38475

2435 48 553 89

2235 4 82 20 26 102

1706 58 25 28 116 48 2

1427 434 20 1 147 613 210

4608 3414 865 50 257 19

8692 3985 1666 2 962 1640 10

9627 4778 1663 1036 1802 -

9255 3804 1449 753 2400 -

6448 2565 611 295 1597 -

20 1725

363 1638

177 1252

1 1 -

2 1 -

176 64 103 84

114 150 70 14

182 488 37 142

194 430 336 420

10430 763 428 152 2041 554 399 637

13312 720 235 346 2709 180 1072 918

11874 1094 45 248 2583 284 689 637

13625 505 83 922 3116 36 2066 988

23340 301 1061 6744 37 432 1236

33440 763 13 8224 418 74

36660 848 97 10 5638 1463 -

36172 772 46 13 5091 8 2973 65

32027 1042 498 14 3761 65 2827 117

21 1108 96 4231

9 19 3196 166 3742

8 128 38 4512 157 1451

84 995 194 4228 199 13 193 3 -

67 2719 149 4577 937 341 114 4625

4008 8506 8609 2825

5809 7539 8907 6349

4485 8327 9120 5272

6293 4890 9193 3327

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.147

GERMANY 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

13354

5701

4002

730

3

-

-

-

110

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

12335 213 1897 5020 2480 375 286 975 447 234 18 89 198 103

5640 146 960 2446 1600 486 2 -

3902 717 1443 859 465 415 3 -

730 1 481 1 1 238 7 1 -

3 1 1 1 -

-

-

-

5 5 -

1019 15 520 5 479

61 61

100 100 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

105

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.148 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

5737

3539

1510

1120

276

199

310

519

201

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5381 15 2123 944 1574 7 32 14 467 18 6 38 60 32 51 -

2293 51 1022 3 1 525 9 25 7 157 71 1 67 354 -

1186 6 678 3 81 5 28 1 48 45 1 42 5 38 205 -

1120 12 853 2 144 6 32 11 60 -

275 98 82 75 1 6 3 3 1 5 1 -

191 22 71 87 2 1 2 6 -

301 55 72 4 111 1 45 1 5 2 5 -

507 14 110 3 328 1 1 15 20 1 8 3 3 -

29 7 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 4 2 -

53 53

963 13 6 1 943

324 5 3 316

-

-

1 1 -

8 3 2 3

2 2 -

4 2 2

303

283

-

-

1

7

1

10

168

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.149

GERMANY 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

63.76

67.24

46.10

74.74

113.48

135.72

133.45

182.72

240.22

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

55.97 60.33 66.67 66.68 60.93 .. 96.62 .. 65.10

67.69 62.38 78.37 57.59 73.55 .. .. .. ..

43.04 40.03 .. 44.16 43.16 53.44 .. .. ..

69.21 72.40 .. 131.53 80.27 .. .. .. 76.11

104.77 110.62 .. 157.75 120.72 538.07 .. .. 89.56

140.44 153.08 .. 117.59 126.39 .. .. .. 85.79

132.39 137.52 .. 147.19 131.66 .. .. .. 81.15

217.74 180.05 .. 430.07 151.09 172.05 .. .. 136.07

282.87 223.30 .. 158.89 151.81 .. 193.09 .. 130.86

Steam coal(3)

57.87

53.53

33.45

61.22

72.48

70.12

81.49

138.84

100.87

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

62.06 66.66 63.93 62.25 55.69 73.16 61.65 47.20 47.72

51.00 88.38 64.04 46.86 50.00 33.06 45.24 46.38 41.35

32.19 .. 37.25 31.39 35.85 37.57 34.09 33.42 34.88

62.45 .. 67.98 67.44 41.45 48.23 64.48 51.47 63.89

.. .. 85.54 73.74 73.70 85.99 69.49 67.69 68.13

105.93 .. 89.31 73.56 69.53 .. 68.68 67.61 65.11

64.73 116.92 90.41 91.16 98.66 228.55 76.67 75.05 76.21

129.56 .. 152.10 154.54 135.78 .. 152.34 144.76 139.38

152.06 .. 199.57 104.83 102.27 .. 87.91 82.97 93.84

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.150 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GREECE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 500

45

450

40

400

35

350 30

300

25

250

20

200

15

150

10

100

5

50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

16

12

14 12

10

10 8 8 6 6 4

4

2

2

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

120

60

100

50

Other transformation

2008

80

40 60 30 40

20

20

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.151

GREECE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

16.87 3.01 12.95 0.64 0.27 0.01 -

21.40 4.66 15.60 0.64 0.42 0.08 -

30.63 11.52 17.24 0.20 1.28 0.22 0.00 0.08 0.09 -

38.69 12.91 21.26 2.43 1.44 0.45 0.00 0.20 -0.00 -

43.17 12.62 22.73 4.80 1.69 0.32 0.02 0.45 0.54 -

43.46 11.89 23.42 5.01 1.50 0.41 0.02 0.52 0.69 -

41.49 11.46 22.76 4.24 1.38 0.58 0.03 0.50 0.54 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.57 8.23 1.70 4.12 -1.33 17.63 -

1.96 0.17 1.71 19.68 0.90 3.55 11.05 10.93 12.16 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 77 0.22 9.1 1.86 71.8 38.4 48.5 15 56.6

1980 94 0.23 9.8 2.18 74.7 48.7 62.3 23 75.6

1990 101 0.30 10.3 2.96 99.8 112.5 83.2 35 83.2

2000 127 0.30 10.9 3.54 100.0 100.0 100.0 53 100.0

2007 170 0.25 11.2 3.86 83.6 73.3 95.9 63 102.0

2008 173 0.25 11.2 3.87 82.5 67.7 96.5 63 100.3

2009e 171 0.24 11.2 3.69 79.7 65.9 .. 55 91.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.59 3.04 1.95 -1.05 0.76 0.46 2.78 1.49 1.95 -1.05 6.53 -2.78 3.22 0.83 5.15 3.35 2.30 1.04

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.97 -

4.22 -

10.17 -

11.75 -

11.98 -

11.61 -

11.44 -

8.16 -

0.74 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

21.82 -

23.20 -

51.90 -

63.89 -

66.31 -

65.72 -

64.72 -

7.49 -

1.32 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.152 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GREECE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

12.18 0.74 9.24 0.00 0.64 1.56 -

15.29 0.67 11.53 0.00 0.64 2.45 -

20.71 1.72 13.97 0.16 1.28 0.00 0.08 3.50 -

26.36 1.25 17.73 0.54 1.35 0.00 0.14 5.30 0.04

30.54 0.57 20.69 1.17 1.40 0.02 0.16 6.45 0.08

31.14 0.76 20.46 1.21 1.63 0.02 0.23 6.78 0.06

30.27 0.57 19.53 1.43 1.44 0.02 0.25 6.96 0.06

3.17 5.08 2.46 24.99 4.12 4.86 -

2.13 -5.98 1.88 12.97 0.69 11.05 6.42 3.90 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

4.19 0.53 2.75 0.00 0.91 -

5.52 0.45 3.78 0.00 1.29 -

5.69 1.51 2.40 0.01 0.27 1.49 -

6.34 1.22 2.78 0.35 0.33 1.66 -

6.02 0.57 2.77 0.64 0.31 0.00 1.74 -

6.55 0.76 2.99 0.58 0.34 1.88 -

6.01 0.56 2.52 0.65 0.38 1.90 -

1.81 6.35 -0.80 21.42 2.97 -

0.30 -5.40 0.27 25.54 1.80 1.38 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.95 0.02 2.92 -

4.55 0.00 4.54 -

7.20 0.00 7.18 -

9.14 9.11 -

10.74 10.63 0.02

11.09 10.91 0.03

10.75 10.59 0.03

5.38 -17.43 5.43 -

2.25 2.18 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.01 2.80 0.06 1.72 0.00

0.01 2.84 0.06 1.44 0.00

0.02 4.35 0.03 2.12 0.00

0.03 6.40 0.03 3.44 0.01

0.07 0.03 7.84 0.00 4.23 0.20

0.12 0.03 7.68 0.00 3.78 0.25

0.10 0.03 7.45 0.01 3.65 0.30

5.92 2.63 -4.19 1.25 4.03

3.67 3.03 -6.72 3.06 29.05

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.64 0.38 0.25 0.00

0.64 0.69 0.40 0.00

1.00 .. 0.08 1.11 0.93 0.00 0.23 0.01

1.00 .. 0.14 1.75 0.04 1.87 0.35 0.01

1.00 0.01 0.15 2.17 0.08 2.96 0.64 0.13

1.15 0.01 0.22 2.21 0.06 3.05 0.58 0.15

0.95 0.01 0.24 2.23 0.06 3.17 0.56 0.18

2.65 6.58 7.96 9.17

-0.31 6.34 3.92 7.05 5.08 19.57

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.25 0.76 0.12 0.64 -

0.40 0.71 0.15 0.56 -

0.00 0.69 1.00 0.17 0.70 0.14

0.00 0.00 1.51 1.03 0.85 0.17

0.01 0.00 2.18 1.30 1.11 0.19

0.00 0.00 2.31 1.20 1.00 0.20

0.00 0.00 2.42 1.33 0.00 1.06 0.27

6.12 1.63 1.77 0.52 -

13.39 7.23 1.61 -27.69 2.37 3.82

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.153

GREECE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

2.4 0.7 -0.0 -0.1

4.2 0.5 -0.1

10.2 1.3 0.0

11.7 1.2 -0.1 0.1

12.0 0.5 -0.0 0.1

11.6 0.6 -0.0 -0.3

11.4 0.2 -0.1

8.8 4.0 x

0.7 -4.3 x

3.0

4.7

11.5

12.9

12.6

11.9

11.5

8.2

0.2

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-3.9 e

-9.9

-11.7

-11.9

-11.4

..

9.5

0.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-2.0 -2.0 -

-3.8 -3.8 -

-9.8 -9.8 -

-11.7 -11.7 -

-11.9 -11.9 -

-11.4 -11.4 -

.. .. ..

9.8 9.8 -

0.8 0.8 -

Gas works

-0.0

-0.0

Coal transformation(2)

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e 0.0 -

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e -0.1 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.7

0.7

1.7

1.3

0.8

0.6

..

5.1

-6.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 -

0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 -

1.5 0.1 1.2 -

1.2 1.0 -

0.8 0.5 -

0.6 0.3 -

.. .. .. .. ..

6.3 5.6 36.6 -

-5.4 -6.8 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-17.4

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-2.9 -4.2

-7.9 -6.7

Non-energy use

0.1

0.1

0.2

-

-

0.0

..

1.8

-27.7

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.154 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GREECE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

0.15 0.02 0.13 0.13 0.00 -

1.38 1.38 1.29 0.09 0.00 -

1.12 0.01 0.01 1.12 1.05 0.07 -

0.56 0.56 0.43 0.13 0.00 -

0.46 0.46 0.37 0.09 0.00 -

0.71 0.71 0.57 0.14 0.00 -

0.52 0.52 0.38 0.14 0.00 -

20.18 21.66 -3.54 -8.75 -

-5.25 -5.27 -6.54 2.69 6.29 -

0.21 0.21 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

21.74 19.83 19.83 0.66 0.36 0.21 0.16 0.83

52.05 50.53 50.53 0.35 0.52 0.20 0.02 0.30 0.06 0.58

64.56 63.86 63.86 0.24 0.38 0.00 0.38 0.03 -

70.10 69.43 69.43 0.41 0.22 0.22 0.01 -

64.60 63.96 63.96 0.27 0.35 0.35 0.00 -

66.37 65.87 65.87 0.19 0.31 0.31 0.00 -

64.63 64.26 64.26 0.04 0.30 0.30 0.03 -

7.55 8.11 8.11 -5.14 2.96 -0.25 5.46 -2.96

1.21 1.34 1.34 -11.48 -2.89 0.09 -3.34 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.155

GREECE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 49.62 ..

.. 99.40 ..

.. 116.53 ..

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

93.42 .. 58.87 .. x

119.98 .. 118.71 .. x

.. .. 116.53 .. x

.. .. .. 170.14 153.52

.. .. 240.10 261.75 243.00

.. .. 276.18 295.64 ..

.. .. .. 346.30 343.28

.. .. .. 470.29 500.81

.. .. .. 355.68 343.12

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 7.35 ..

.. 17.04 ..

.. 74.15 ..

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

8.82 .. 8.72 .. x

13.11 .. 20.35 .. x

.. .. 74.15 .. x

.. .. .. 249.44 211.00

.. .. 265.07 288.97 251.50

.. .. 301.87 323.14 ..

.. .. .. 346.70 322.19

.. .. .. 441.16 440.42

.. .. .. 351.11 317.54

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.67 0.63 .. .. 0.05

0.55 0.51 0.38 0.13 0.04

1.31 1.28 1.28 0.03

1.16 1.16 1.16 0.00

0.57 0.56 0.56 0.00

0.34 0.34 0.34 0.00

0.54 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.00

0.59 0.59 0.59 0.00 0.00

0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 -

0.03 .. .. 0.03

-

-

0.06 0.05 0.05 0.00 -

0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03

0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.156 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

GREECE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

349

2040

1380

1409

1245

383

605

664

165

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

213 159 54 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

136 48 1 75 -

2040 588 2 17 61 1136 -

1380 35 4

1409 36 -

1245 110 -

383 73

605 67

664 66 76

165 23

12 -

207 29 -

1017 324 -

1123 250 -

119 205 447 321 43 -

71 11 225 3 -

72 18 36 412 -

110 18 51 329 14 -

131 11 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.157

GREECE 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

40.74

288.28

402.73

306.61

304.84

306.70

310.94

380.10

255.93

40.88 .. 201.72 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 288.28 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

43.47

42.95

32.02

58.84

54.72

70.79

78.44

117.37

133.42

.. .. 131.94 .. 52.03 .. 29.06 .. 42.36

.. .. 179.85 .. .. .. 45.00 40.52 54.16

.. .. 112.43 .. 24.40 31.20 33.32 29.73 37.42

.. .. 178.07 .. 76.30 41.49 .. .. 64.21

.. .. 198.06 .. .. .. .. 69.89 46.37

.. .. 198.12 .. .. .. 77.16 69.59 69.71

.. .. 252.12 .. .. .. 79.58 .. 75.73

.. .. 341.67 .. 120.31 .. .. .. 97.49

.. .. 346.31 .. .. .. 99.14 195.66 54.30

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.158 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

HUNGARY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

45 40

100

35 80

30 25

60

20 15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 45

100

40

90

35

80 70

30

60

25

50 20

40

15

30

10

20

5

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.159

HUNGARY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

30.39 11.29 11.64 5.96 0.91 0.01 0.57 -

40.50 12.04 15.42 11.39 0.74 0.01 0.91 -

40.94 8.72 11.93 12.73 0.94 5.11 0.02 0.12 1.37 -

35.71 5.50 9.47 13.79 1.08 5.30 0.02 0.12 0.42 -

38.18 4.47 10.40 15.29 1.89 5.48 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.49 -

37.80 4.34 9.99 15.08 2.18 5.54 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.48 -

35.51 3.72 9.62 13.01 2.50 5.76 0.03 0.15 0.05 0.68 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.77 -1.51 0.14 4.57 0.15 3.39 5.26 -

-0.44 -3.80 -0.98 0.95 4.79 0.44 1.00 0.59 -5.66 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 31 0.99 10.4 2.92 131.2 316.7 91.9 18 ..

e e

e e e

1980 39 1.03 10.7 3.78 136.6 263.7 104.6 24 70.0

e e

e e e

1990 44 0.93 10.4 3.95 123.2 170.4 115.4 28 68.3

e e

e e e

2000 47 0.76 10.2 3.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 35 100.0

2007 61 0.62 10.1 3.80 82.8 62.9 88.7 40 155.9

2008 61 0.61 10.0 3.77 81.4 60.7 89.7 40 155.9

2009e 60 0.59 10.0 3.55 78.6 53.5 .. 36 128.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.14 1.88 -0.37 -2.28 -0.03 -0.18 1.80 -0.27 -0.37 -2.28 -3.58 -5.58 1.34 -1.39 2.85 1.92 4.69

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.87 8.20 -

0.89 8.17 -

0.17 5.72 -

4.13 -

2.53 -

2.42 -

2.31 -

-12.69 -2.96 -

-4.67 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.86 25.24 -

0.88 25.14 -

0.17 17.33 -

14.03 -

9.82 -

9.40 -

8.99 -

-12.69 -3.09 -

-3.34 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.160 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

HUNGARY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

23.61 5.44 9.23 4.39 0.88 2.16 1.51

30.81 4.78 12.86 6.86 0.71 3.14 2.46

29.61 3.43 10.17 8.85 0.88 0.12 3.88 2.27

24.55 0.77 7.43 9.56 0.99 0.11 3.62 2.07

28.10 0.85 9.67 10.58 1.04 0.12 0.00 4.08 1.77

26.73 0.72 9.70 9.24 1.11 0.12 0.00 4.15 1.70

26.54 0.74 9.37 9.24 1.20 0.13 0.01 4.22 1.65

1.34 -2.67 0.57 4.21 0.01 3.52 2.43

-0.61 -8.20 -0.46 0.23 1.70 0.29 0.46 -1.76

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.76 2.15 2.18 2.42 0.03 1.32 0.66

10.59 1.77 2.43 3.76 0.02 1.70 0.91

8.62 0.74 1.28 4.58 0.00 1.69 0.33

4.66 0.42 0.38 1.96 0.09 1.08 0.74

4.48 0.51 0.30 1.80 0.17 0.00 1.15 0.54

4.42 0.51 0.31 1.74 0.18 0.00 1.16 0.51

4.43 0.50 0.29 1.73 0.17 0.00 1.22 0.52

-0.09 -6.05 -3.09 3.83 -10.48 1.46 -4.03

-3.64 -2.21 -7.90 -5.26 22.95 -1.81 2.58

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.26 0.54 2.62 -

4.11 0.18 3.80 -

4.19 0.00 4.04 0.00

4.34 0.00 4.21 0.00

6.12 5.95 0.00

6.32 6.13 0.00

6.47 6.08 0.00

1.49 -30.33 2.58 -

2.44 2.30 14.89

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.10 5.42 1.99 1.41 0.49

0.13 7.36 2.48 1.75 0.88

0.15 9.66 2.49 1.67 2.35

0.12 7.98 0.27 0.44 4.32

0.02 0.15 8.86 0.33 0.23 5.20

0.04 0.15 7.93 0.19 0.16 4.53

0.24 0.15 7.95 0.23 0.15 4.70

2.40 3.46 1.32 0.98 9.71

0.04 -1.08 -12.37 -12.61 3.94

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.80 0.31 0.41 1.60 0.61 0.24 0.19

0.65 0.62 0.98 2.00 0.30 0.64 0.30

0.85 1.13 1.19 2.88 0.13 0.41 0.88

0.79 1.20 0.95 4.32 0.03 0.10 2.53

0.74 0.00 1.41 0.95 4.59 0.01 0.04 2.81

0.77 0.00 1.38 0.89 4.06 0.00 0.03 2.18

0.66 0.01 1.41 0.79 3.98 0.00 0.03 2.06

0.31 7.83 6.43 3.51 -8.68 3.15 9.41

-1.35 1.23 -2.22 1.81 -16.81 -14.05 4.86

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.28 0.28 1.84 0.98 0.86

0.00 0.33 0.43 3.51 2.20 1.30

0.01 0.12 0.68 0.65 2.48 1.69 0.79

0.08 0.11 1.09 0.37 2.27 1.80 0.47

0.09 0.09 0.00 1.27 0.28 3.27 2.79 0.48

0.11 0.09 0.00 1.33 0.30 3.29 2.73 0.56

0.11 0.11 0.00 1.33 0.34 2.95 2.45 0.50

5.28 5.08 1.79 3.27 -0.48

11.81 -0.63 3.80 -3.54 0.97 2.07 -2.48

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.161

HUNGARY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

8.6 2.5 -0.2 0.3

9.1 3.2 -0.0 -0.2

5.9 2.3 -0.0 0.5

4.1 1.7 -0.2 -0.2

2.5 2.4 -0.5 -0.0

2.4 2.4 -0.4 -0.1

2.3 1.5 -0.2 0.1

-2.2 -0.4 -28.6 x

-4.8 0.2 45.0 x

Primary supply

11.3

12.0

8.7

5.5

4.5

4.3

3.7

-1.5

-3.8

1.2

0.6

-0.7

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-6.9 e

-7.8 e

-4.5 e

-4.6 e

-3.6 e

-3.5 e

..

-2.5

-1.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-5.8 -5.4 -0.4

-6.9 -6.5 -0.4

-4.5 -4.2 -0.2

-4.1 -4.1 -

-3.1 -3.1 -0.0

-3.0 -3.0 -0.0

.. .. ..

-1.5 -1.4 -3.5

-2.3 -2.0 -25.4

Gas works

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-1.0 e 0.4 -0.9 e -0.4 -0.1

-0.8 e 0.4 -0.9 e -0.3 0.0

0.0 e 0.7 -0.6 e -0.1 0.0

-0.5 e 0.0 -0.4 e -0.2 -

-0.5 e -0.0 -0.4 e -0.2 -

-0.5 e -0.0 -0.3 e -0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

3.5 -2.6 -5.3 -

-2.8 0.6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

-0.2

1.2

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

5.4

4.8

3.4

0.8

0.7

0.7

..

-2.7

-8.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

2.1 0.9 e 0.1 0.5 0.0

1.8 0.9 e 0.1 0.3 0.0

0.7 0.5 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.4 0.3 e 0.1 0.0

0.5 0.3 e 0.0 0.2 -

0.5 0.3 e 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.1 -3.6 -7.9 -9.7 -14.1

-2.2 -2.3 -16.5 4.1 -

Transport(6)

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-30.3

-

Other(7)

2.8 0.6 2.0

2.8 0.3 2.5

2.7 0.1 2.5

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.2 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.0 0.2

.. .. ..

-0.1 -8.7 1.3

-12.6 -16.8 -12.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.162 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

HUNGARY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

-

-

-

0.53 0.21 0.21 0.01 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.11 -

0.55 0.23 0.23 0.02 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.09 -

0.51 0.28 0.28 0.01 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.06 -

0.48 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.17 0.16 0.01 0.04 -

-

-

1.74 1.38 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.16 -

0.97 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

1.28 1.28 -

0.81 0.81 -

1.30 1.30 -

1.46 1.46 -

1.43 1.43 -

-4.74 -3.04 -10.91 -9.91 -20.46 -

2.18 2.26 -

26.22 18.29 17.61 0.68 1.42 2.67 0.27 0.27 1.06 0.06 1.00 3.18 -

19.01 14.53 14.34 0.20 1.50 0.65 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.01 0.27 2.18 -

13.89 13.02 13.02 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.55 -

10.25 9.81 9.81 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.36 -

10.18 9.73 9.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 -

10.09 9.78 9.78 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.25 -

9.93 9.53 9.53 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.35 -

-2.65 -1.90 -1.70 -9.75 0.46 -11.15 -9.63 -8.72 -13.03 -17.57 -10.39 -3.11 -

-3.54 -2.32 -2.24 -20.77 -33.38 -13.97 -8.38 -23.84 -9.64 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.163

HUNGARY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

33.66 60.78 51.33

90.60 64.33 76.50

c 105.44 77.67

c .. 222.34

c .. 304.81

c .. 384.31

c .. 485.08

c .. 399.65

.. c .. .. ..

50.47 c 77.69 .. 66.66

100.92 c 70.64 .. 102.01

.. c 95.91 99.70 85.27

.. c .. 243.38 268.82

.. c .. 283.95 350.89

.. c .. 324.34 454.37

.. c .. 459.28 585.67

.. c .. 324.26 475.56

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Hungarian forints / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

0.372 2.740 2.147

1.700 5.635 6.217

c 41.246 28.191

c .. 57.038

c .. 82.454

c .. 90.714

c .. 107.559

c .. 103.825

.. c .. .. ..

0.917 c 3.430 .. 2.788

3.700 c 6.060 .. 8.290

.. c 36.743 38.194 30.950

.. c .. 65.906 68.963

.. c .. 81.081 94.922

.. c .. 80.812 107.252

.. c .. 107.495 129.863

.. c .. 88.920 123.548

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

2.49 0.66 .. .. 0.40 1.43

3.17 0.85 0.85 0.57 1.74

2.33 0.64 0.64 0.79 0.90

1.73 1.26 1.26 0.46 0.01

2.08 1.43 0.96 0.47 0.43 0.22

2.22 1.77 1.35 0.42 0.39 0.06

2.45 2.04 1.58 0.47 0.37 0.04

2.43 1.95 1.54 0.40 0.46 0.03

1.54 1.32 1.04 0.27 0.21 0.01

0.16 .. .. 0.04 0.12

0.03 0.03 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.19 0.00 0.19

0.22 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.10

0.43 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.28

0.48 0.13 0.35

0.41 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.35

0.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.21

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.164 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

HUNGARY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

Hard Coal

817

478

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

817 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

610

1418 e

1234

1759

2000

1931

1304

478 -

610 -

1418 e -

1234 800 251 51 -

1260 32 449 154 105 -

1469 64 462 119 486 -

1440 18 72 236 96 839 -

973 368 22 379 23

817 e -

478 e -

610 e -

- e 1418

132 -

225 295 -

251 87 -

132 47 -

156 25 -

-

-

-

-

-

499 67 216 -

531 96 139 -

491 91 119 5

331 37 54 7

-

-

-

-

-

216 -

294 2 -

251 25 -

233 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.165

ICELAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 9

14000

8

12000

7

10000

6 8000

5 4

6000

3

4000

2

2000

1 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 0.18

0.18

0.16

0.16

0.14

0.14

0.12

0.12

0.10

0.10

0.08

0.08

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.00

0.00

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 18

Other transformation

2008

2.5

16 2.0

14 12

1.5

10 8

1.0

6 4

0.5

2 0.0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.166 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

ICELAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

1.60 0.00 0.82 0.27 0.50 -

2.14 0.03 0.82 0.38 0.91 -

2.98 0.09 0.89 0.52 1.48 -

4.43 0.14 1.00 0.00 0.78 2.51 -

6.99 0.16 1.18 0.01 1.03 4.61 -

7.51 0.12 1.16 0.01 1.53 4.69 -

7.89 0.11 1.20 0.01 1.51 5.07 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.74 31.25 0.47 3.86 6.58 -

5.26 1.67 1.48 6.21 6.60 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4 0.45 0.2 7.54 87.7 1.6 72.8 2 ..

1980 5 0.41 0.2 9.38 81.4 30.2 69.8 3 ..

1990 7 0.44 0.3 11.70 86.6 84.5 72.8 5 ..

2000 9 0.51 0.3 15.76 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 ..

2007 12 0.59 0.3 22.48 116.2 86.0 115.9 12 ..

2008 12 0.63 0.3 23.53 123.1 64.3 160.2 16 ..

2009e 11 0.69 0.3 24.73 136.3 60.9 .. 17 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.81 3.23 -0.07 1.97 1.09 1.25 2.62 3.96 -0.07 1.97 26.43 -1.51 -0.01 4.48 3.99 7.46 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.167

ICELAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

1.46 0.00 0.77 0.44 0.25 -

1.83 0.03 0.78 0.63 0.35 0.05

2.34 0.09 0.85 0.78 0.48 0.14

3.01 0.14 0.99 0.78 0.85 0.25

3.41 0.13 1.15 0.71 1.11 0.32

3.58 0.16 1.18 0.00 0.65 1.34 0.25

4.02 0.12 1.15 0.00 0.53 1.87 0.34

2.82 31.25 0.56 3.52 3.81 -

3.04 1.67 1.70 -2.11 7.85 5.00

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

0.38 0.16 0.04 0.18 -

0.50 0.03 0.20 0.04 0.24 -

0.60 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.31 -

1.03 0.14 0.16 0.08 0.64 -

1.20 0.13 0.16 0.05 0.86 -

1.43 0.16 0.16 0.03 1.08 -

1.91 0.12 0.16 0.02 1.60 0.01

2.62 -1.31 2.53 3.19 -

6.69 1.67 1.38 -7.44 9.48 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.18 0.18 -

0.23 0.23 -

0.30 0.30 -

0.30 0.30 -

0.43 0.43 -

0.45 0.45 -

0.44 0.44 -

3.02 3.02 -

2.06 2.06 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.64 0.00 0.25 -

0.76 0.10 -

0.83 0.02 -

0.86 0.01 -

0.89 0.00 -

0.00 0.82 0.00 -

0.00 0.71 0.00 -

1.55 -13.32 -

-0.81 -8.38 -

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.35 0.04 0.03 -

0.54 0.08 0.04 0.04 -

0.63 0.07 0.11 0.10 -

0.56 0.07 0.21 0.17 -

0.52 0.10 0.27 0.20 -

0.48 0.10 0.24 0.21 0.00 -

0.37 0.11 0.23 0.29 -

3.58 2.88 7.17 -

-2.91 2.26 4.52 6.12 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 -

0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 -

0.03 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.09 -

0.06 0.09 0.01 0.18 0.18 -

0.07 0.12 0.02 0.27 0.27 -

0.07 0.12 0.02 0.30 0.30 -

0.10 0.13 0.06 0.28 0.28 -

3.13 9.56 6.57 6.57 -

6.68 4.44 10.92 6.42 6.42 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.168 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

ICELAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce) 2008

2009e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

0.0 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.2 -

0.1 e -

0.1 -

31.3 x

1.7 x

Primary supply

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

31.3

1.7

Statistical difference

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Total transformation

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

Gas works

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

..

31.3

1.7

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.2 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 e 0.0 e -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

1.7 -0.2 7.6 -

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.169

ICELAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

-

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.10 0.10 0.10 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.11 0.11 0.11 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 - e - e -

-

0.70 0.70 0.70 -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.02 0.02 0.02 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 e - e -

-

7.77 7.77 7.77 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.170 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

ICELAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Icelandic krona / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2009e

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

0.00 0.00 .. .. -

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.09 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.03

0.14 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.04

0.14 0.11 0.01 0.10 0.03

0.13 0.10 0.02 0.09 0.02

0.16 0.13 0.03 0.10 0.03

0.12 e 0.10 0.05 e 0.06 e 0.02 e

.. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

0.11 0.09 0.04 0.05 0.02 -

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.171

ICELAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Hard Coal

-

69

65

65

101

108

138

109 e

97

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

20 4 16 -

13 13 -

7 7

14 7 7

19 19

30 24

50 e 50 e -

46 46 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

6 -

-

-

-

49 3 42 2

52 52 -

58 11 37 10

87 6 4 48 19

89 19 18 52

108 68 3 7 20 10

59 e 59 e

51 51

-

2 -

-

-

10 -

-

-

-

-

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

2008

2009e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.172 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 180

25

160 20

140 120

15

100 80

10

60 40

5

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 50

35

45

30

40 25

35 30

20

25 15

20

10

15 10

5

5 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.173

IRELAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

9.87 2.26 7.52 0.08 0.01 -

11.77 2.73 7.88 1.05 0.10 -

14.27 4.96 6.39 2.67 0.15 0.09 0.00 0.00 -

19.57 3.75 10.56 4.91 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.01 -

21.42 3.29 11.18 6.12 0.34 0.08 0.00 0.24 0.16 -

21.40 3.38 10.76 6.40 0.38 0.12 0.01 0.30 0.06 -

20.02 2.95 9.99 6.12 0.39 0.11 0.01 0.37 0.09 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.19 4.72 -0.95 0.47 -

2.28 -2.11 2.93 4.97 5.19 1.85 27.96 59.33 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 25 0.40 3.1 3.21 196.6 235.3 118.2 7 ..

1980 34 0.35 3.4 3.46 170.3 205.7 120.0 11 17.1

1990 49 0.29 3.5 4.07 144.7 262.4 116.1 14 31.5

2000 97 0.20 3.8 5.15 100.0 100.0 100.0 24 100.0

2007 141 0.15 4.4 4.92 75.1 60.2 87.4 28 144.3

2008 137 0.16 4.4 4.82 77.4 63.7 93.0 29 142.2

2009e 129 0.15 4.5 4.43 76.4 58.6 .. 27 136.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 4.05 5.90 -1.79 -3.42 0.78 1.32 1.40 0.94 -1.79 -3.42 0.64 -7.56 -0.11 -1.23 3.96 4.11 8.73

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.02 1.50

0.06 1.49

0.02 2.02

1.38

0.84

0.92

0.83

0.45 2.50

-4.26

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.02 5.24

0.06 5.21

0.03 6.52

4.81

2.77

3.09

2.77

1.46 1.82

-4.06

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.174 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

7.30 1.33 5.08 0.15 0.76 -

9.06 1.82 5.57 0.62 1.06 -

10.56 2.19 5.33 1.43 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.46 -

15.12 0.90 9.29 2.26 0.17 0.00 0.00 2.49 -

18.02 0.85 11.49 2.23 0.27 0.00 0.00 3.18 -

17.57 0.82 11.03 2.24 0.29 0.00 0.00 3.18 -

17.90 0.84 11.08 2.36 0.33 0.01 0.00 3.28 -

2.19 3.00 0.29 14.31 3.94 -

2.97 -5.17 4.14 2.85 4.27 27.96 25.56 4.60 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.43 0.06 2.06 0.04 0.27 -

3.10 0.15 2.04 0.52 0.39 -

2.48 0.36 0.97 0.51 0.09 0.55 -

3.57 0.16 1.64 0.67 0.14 0.95 -

3.98 0.19 1.56 0.90 0.23 1.10 -

3.63 0.20 1.29 0.89 0.22 1.04 -

3.54 0.18 1.34 0.85 0.20 0.98 -

0.12 10.74 -4.33 17.04 4.28 -

2.01 -3.73 1.80 2.87 4.48 3.25 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.61 1.61 -

2.20 2.20 -

2.34 2.34 -

4.91 4.90 -

6.52 6.50 -

6.82 6.78 -

6.47 6.38 -

2.22 2.22 -

5.80 5.73 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.58 1.26 0.89 0.11

2.60 1.57 0.50 0.10

0.00 3.10 1.81 0.55 0.17

0.00 3.47 0.74 1.30 0.63

0.00 0.01 4.28 0.62 1.74 0.90

0.03 0.01 4.07 0.58 1.61 0.85

0.08 0.01 4.44 0.63 1.77 0.95

1.08 2.14 -2.81 2.41

7.10 2.02 -5.74 6.75 10.16

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.32 0.36 0.19 -

0.44 0.83 0.11 0.50 -

0.06 0.00 0.51 1.40 0.02 0.90 0.13

0.02 0.00 0.78 1.94 0.01 0.83 0.42

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.99 2.28 0.04 0.80 0.44

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.99 2.44 0.04 0.81 0.50

0.03 0.00 0.00 1.05 2.59 0.04 0.80 0.56

2.80 8.37 9.60 -

-3.61 25.33 4.09 3.49 2.70 -0.66 8.29

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.17 0.30 0.30 -

0.22 0.29 0.29 -

0.00 0.34 0.89 0.28 0.61

0.00 0.69 0.79 0.24 0.55

0.01 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.51 0.51 -

0.01 0.00 0.00 1.07 0.19 0.19 -

0.02 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.43 0.43 -

4.32 6.71 -0.37 -

19.41 7.07 -3.99 2.44 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.175

IRELAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

1.5 0.8 -0.1 0.0

1.5 1.2 -0.0 0.0

2.0 2.9 -0.0 0.1

1.4 2.4 -0.0 -0.0

0.8 2.1 -0.0 0.3

0.9 2.4 -0.0 0.1

0.8 2.0 -0.0 0.2

1.7 7.7 -6.4 x

-4.3 -1.1 0.4 x

2.3

2.7

5.0

3.8

3.3

3.4

2.9

4.7

-2.1

Statistical difference

-

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.9

-0.9

-2.7

-2.8

-2.3

-2.4

..

6.4

-0.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-0.9 -0.9 -

-0.8 -0.8 -0.0

-2.6 -2.6 -0.0

-2.7 -2.7 -0.0

-2.3 -2.2 -0.0

-2.3 -2.3 -0.0

.. .. ..

6.4 6.3 -

-0.7 -0.7 -1.2

Gas works

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

0.0 0.0 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.0 -0.0 0.0

-0.0 -0.0 c

-0.0 -0.0 c

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-1.6 -1.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-

5.7

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

1.3

1.8

2.2

0.9

0.8

0.8

..

3.0

-5.2

0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 -

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 -

0.2 0.1 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

10.7 8.2 -

-3.7 -0.8 -

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.3 1.3

1.7 0.1 1.6

1.8 0.0 1.8

0.7 0.0 0.7

0.6 0.0 0.6

0.7 0.0 0.6

.. .. ..

2.2 2.1

-5.5 2.7 -5.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.176 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

0.54 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.46 -

3.18 1.97 1.96 0.01 0.33 0.00 0.03 0.19 0.11 1.05 -

2.94 2.35 2.34 0.01 0.03 0.17 0.11 0.06 0.36 -

2.87 2.29 2.28 0.01 0.04 0.25 0.16 0.09 0.31 -

2.59 2.04 2.04 0.04 0.20 0.16 0.04 0.30 -

2.38 1.82 1.82 0.21 0.18 0.03 0.33 -

2.24 1.69 1.69 0.19 0.16 0.03 0.35 -

15.88 45.40 45.37 19.36 9.19 7.25 -

-1.94 -0.83 -0.82 -2.98 -0.83 -7.23 -5.97 -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.04 0.04 -

0.04 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.03 0.02 -

-

-2.30 -2.99 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.177

IRELAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

63.11 82.37 90.97

34.26 103.73 77.04

79.21 210.16 c

69.22 253.40 c

94.31 250.49 c

112.40 418.02 c

128.53 .. c

.. x 102.26 .. 189.24

.. x 180.84 .. 507.59

.. x 115.42 .. 257.44

.. x 168.24 .. 88.82

.. x 309.06 .. 290.90

.. x 367.94 .. 362.36

.. x 326.91 .. c

.. x 330.35 .. 479.29

.. x 268.08 .. 376.03

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

42.89 85.67 89.83

32.89 152.42 107.47

56.42 229.12 c

48.82 273.51 c

60.92 247.64 c

68.03 387.23 c

81.87 .. c

.. x 91.68 .. 161.07

.. x 151.35 .. 403.32

.. x 120.05 .. 254.20

.. x 247.21 .. 123.90

.. x 336.94 .. 301.08

.. x 397.14 .. 371.32

.. x 323.19 .. c

.. x 306.02 .. 421.50

.. x 261.33 .. 348.00

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.83 0.81 .. .. 0.01

1.20 1.19 1.19 0.01

2.90 2.85 0.01 2.83 0.03 0.03

2.44 2.42 2.42 0.03 -

2.84 2.80 2.80 0.04 0.00

2.47 2.46 2.46 0.01 0.00

2.15 2.14 2.14 0.01 c

2.39 2.38 2.38 0.02 c

1.99 1.97 1.97 0.02 c

0.10 0.07 .. .. 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02

0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.178 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

565

1918

3081

2858

2747

2587

2253

2502

2072

-

7 6 -

14 2 2 2 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

565 6 331 214 -

1911 76 2 65 735 390 329 122

3067 21 430 302 1277 115

2858 118 3 300 101 1031 5

2747 292 176 123 452 -

2587 62 5 36

2253 387 1 235 40 73 36

2502 394 260 81 142 36

2072 240 49 -

11 3

5 70 117

7 667 17 71 15 5 140

955 43 226 5 71

904 327 418 55

1091 779 375 8 231

322 633 488 38

779 479 294 37

1223 156 337 67

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.179

IRELAND 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

107.07

101.41

104.63

178.22

412.43

355.05

86.14

102.25

794.41

.. .. .. 100.40 .. .. 106.09 .. ..

.. .. .. .. 98.08 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 97.32 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 161.54 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77.79

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96.99 95.68

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal(3)

70.76

69.55

42.85

80.90

74.91

101.78

125.15

143.08

148.41

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. 98.25 62.06 82.52 72.99 85.34 81.51

41.76 .. .. 99.09 57.93 .. 36.07 84.69 70.14

36.34 .. .. 83.30 55.28 .. .. 41.55 ..

71.47 .. .. 97.77 .. .. .. 67.44 ..

84.49 .. .. 114.10 .. .. .. 64.62 713.45

.. .. .. 149.15 .. .. .. 70.73 ..

618.20 .. .. 177.54 .. .. .. 85.73 ..

142.53 .. .. 256.72 .. 123.41 .. 126.72 ..

.. .. .. 234.09 69.93 .. 233.72 100.80 ..

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.180 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

ITALY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

300

180 250

160 140

200

120 100

150

80 100

60 40

50

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 500

350

450

300

400 250

350 300

200

250 150

200

100

150 100

50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.181

ITALY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

170.17 11.57 129.00 20.32 0.35 1.17 4.61 3.05 0.11 -

186.91 16.69 126.05 32.46 1.31 0.82 5.56 3.28 0.75 -

209.37 20.90 119.03 55.70 1.34 3.89 4.24 0.01 4.26 -

2000 245.03 17.94 124.08 82.75 3.22 5.43 6.08 0.09 e 5.45 -

2007

2008

2009e

255.85 23.97 108.52 99.30 6.62 4.03 7.14 0.57 5.69 -

251.47 23.26 103.51 99.29 7.59 5.11 7.08 0.72 4.92 -

232.45 17.48 95.66 91.29 8.88 5.84 6.87 0.96 5.46 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.23 3.54 -0.47 6.11 8.27 -1.00 1.97 24.13 -

1.02 0.59 -0.77 3.26 10.09 1.54 2.89 28.71 0.80 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 576 0.30 54.8 3.11 132.4 122.9 85.9 144 62.8

1980 739 0.25 56.4 3.31 113.3 138.1 86.9 183 77.6

1990 938 0.22 56.7 3.69 100.0 136.3 92.0 213 86.6

2000 1097 0.22 56.9 4.30 100.0 100.0 100.0 270 100.0

2007 1188 0.22 59.4 4.31 96.4 123.3 104.6 308 101.2

2008 1176 0.21 59.9 4.20 95.8 120.9 105.7 314 97.6

2009e 1128 0.21 59.7 3.89 92.3 94.8 .. 286 79.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.91 1.27 -1.64 -0.24 0.21 0.30 1.02 0.72 -1.64 -0.24 0.61 -0.66 0.40 0.77 2.34 2.17 1.91 0.67

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 0.43 -

0.46 -

0.05 0.34 -

0.00 -

0.14 -

0.11 -

0.07 -

20.81 -1.89 -

4.07 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 1.20 -

1.29 -

0.06 0.96 -

0.01 -

0.16 -

0.12 -

0.07 -

20.81 -1.89 -

3.98 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.182 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

ITALY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

137.94 4.66 99.91 18.25 15.12 -

146.04 4.77 91.71 28.86 1.06 19.63 -

164.20 4.83 87.79 43.69 1.23 0.29 0.01 26.37 -

184.05 3.82 88.99 55.12 2.25 0.30 0.02 33.54 -

200.92 3.99 92.54 58.41 3.22 0.30 0.05 37.94 4.47

197.88 3.48 91.52 57.39 2.73 0.30 0.07 38.00 4.39

190.57 3.03 87.65 53.30 3.65 0.30 0.10 38.00 4.53

1.03 0.21 -0.76 5.27 3.33 -

0.83 -2.55 -0.01 1.11 6.21 0.33 15.73 2.05 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

55.80 3.78 30.18 12.36 9.48 -

51.20 4.25 22.30 12.93 0.17 11.55 -

48.70 4.69 11.54 18.53 0.31 13.63 -

54.64 3.49 9.57 23.74 0.41 17.43 -

56.90 3.74 9.50 21.05 0.39 18.10 4.12

58.29 3.23 10.29 22.41 0.35 17.96 4.05

50.37 2.79 9.22 16.14 0.49 17.40 4.33

-0.80 1.28 -5.50 2.41 2.16 -

0.19 -2.84 -1.24 -0.76 2.49 1.37 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

27.09 0.21 26.24 0.18

34.79 0.00 33.83 0.37

46.72 45.60 0.30

56.66 55.15 0.47

60.24 58.17 0.59

60.41 58.24 0.69

58.10 54.95 0.78

3.26 3.30 3.13

1.22 1.04 5.53

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.46 38.26 0.67 28.65 5.71

0.59 41.38 0.52 22.71 12.61

0.83 37.52 0.14 13.60 16.42

1.05 40.19 0.09 9.54 21.39

0.23 1.26 42.87 0.01 7.63 24.35

0.20 1.28 39.78 0.01 6.49 22.82

1.03 1.33 38.96 0.01 5.63 22.87

3.44 -0.11 -8.90 -4.29 6.41

2.69 0.21 -15.71 -4.78 1.86

0.88 0.01 6.48 11.38 0.45 6.01

1.65 0.02 7.51 15.37 0.46 7.96

2.32 0.05 8.31 0.21 21.25 0.66 10.86

1.94 0.07 8.26 0.19 20.72 0.63 10.14

1.89 0.10 8.40 0.06 24.13 1.54 12.32

4.18 10.09 0.19 -

4.38 15.73 1.46 4.26 7.06 4.06

4.92 14.89 12.50 2.40

6.95 12.04 0.24 10.41 1.40

9.59 0.14 14.29 0.24 12.70 1.35

9.81 0.14 13.54 0.24 12.20 1.10

10.17 0.11 14.01 0.23 12.78 0.99

6.14 1.37 0.32 -

4.12 -0.34 0.13 -4.78

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.23 2.22 0.44 1.79 11.83 11.83 -

0.90 e 4.65 3.10 0.58 2.52 12.42 9.48 2.94

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.183

ITALY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.4 11.7 -0.6 0.1

0.5 17.4 -0.7 -0.4

0.4 19.8 -0.2 0.9

0.0 18.9 -0.1 -0.8

0.1 24.0 -0.2 0.0

0.1 23.9 -0.2 -0.5

0.1 18.1 -0.3 -0.4

-0.5 3.2 -6.5 x

-7.0 1.0 0.9 x

Primary supply

11.6

16.7

20.9

17.9

24.0

23.3

17.5

3.5

0.6

0.1

0.0

0.2

-0.5

-0.6

-0.6

..

x

x

-13.2 e

-19.8 e

-19.5 e

..

6.8

1.5

-16.7 -16.6 -0.1

-16.6 -16.5 -0.0

.. .. ..

11.1 10.4 -

2.1 2.7 -20.6

Statistical difference Total transformation

-4.9 e

-9.8 e

-15.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-1.9 -1.9 -

-6.0 -4.9 -1.1

-11.4 -10.2 -1.3

Gas works

-0.0

-0.0

Coal transformation(2)

-3.0 e -2.2 e -0.8 -

-3.8 e -2.2 e -1.6 0.0

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-3.5 -2.3 -1.2 -

-9.6 -9.6 .. -

-

-

..

-

-

-3.7 e -2.1 e -1.6 -

-3.2 e -2.1 e -1.1 -

-3.0 e -2.0 e -1.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.0 0.3 2.4 -

-0.9 -0.8 -1.2 -

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.7

-2.0

-1.2

-0.4

-0.1

-0.1

..

-1.8

-13.8

Losses

-0.4

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

..

x

x

4.7

4.8

4.8

3.8

3.5

3.0

..

0.2

-2.6

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.8 2.8 0.3 0.2 -

4.2 2.9 0.2 0.5 0.0

4.7 2.9 0.2 1.3 0.0

3.5 2.7 e 0.0 0.5 0.0

3.2 2.4 e 0.0 0.8 -

2.8 1.9 e 0.0 0.9 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.3 0.4 -1.0 11.3 -

-2.8 -2.4 -17.0 -2.3 -

Transport(6)

0.2

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

0.7 0.7

0.5 0.5

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-8.9 -8.9

-15.7 -15.7

-

-

-

0.2

0.2

0.2

..

-

-

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.184 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

ITALY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2.51 2.07 2.02 0.05 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.01 0.20 0.07 0.07 -

12.69 10.78 10.77 0.02 0.17 1.68 0.22 0.00 1.40 0.06 0.06 -

11.36 9.53 9.53 0.94 0.88 0.26 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.08 0.00 -

18.61 16.00 15.84 0.16 1.15 1.45 0.52 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.01 -

18.71 15.94 15.80 0.14 1.30 1.46 0.52 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.01 -

18.92 16.96 16.90 0.06 0.79 1.16 0.24 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.01 -

18.99 16.92 16.90 0.02 0.89 1.17 0.22 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.01 -

14.46 14.77 14.97 -8.42 15.08 19.30 -9.91 17.56 -1.12 -1.87 -

2.26 2.53 2.54 1.52 9.61 -1.99 -0.03 -2.15 -13.05 -11.17 -

9.91 9.90 -

8.63 8.61 -

6.66 6.38 0.23

5.63 5.06 0.22

6.09 5.81 0.23

6.20 5.91 0.23

5.93 5.65 0.22

-1.14 -1.15 -

-2.07 -2.32 -

1.27 1.20 1.20 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.03 -

1.09 1.06 1.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-1.27 -1.07 -1.07 -0.49 -2.55 5.02 1503.17 -

-26.76 -11.06 -4.41 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.185

ITALY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

41.32 62.53 63.55

57.37 132.16 134.63

67.72 98.15 90.90

c c c

83.45 c c

79.24 c c

100.83 c c

169.04 c c

122.09 c c

70.05 69.79 63.44 .. 64.94

56.68 69.57 132.49 .. 134.95

58.84 64.88 136.94 .. 122.20

43.46 53.26 161.05 155.19 c

83.23 108.96 .. 278.73 273.65

78.59 117.95 .. 311.73 353.23

97.48 124.19 .. 345.19 381.96

163.22 199.90 .. 469.07 502.82

129.51 152.00 .. 346.16 433.75

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

16.03 37.56 35.79

22.46 80.11 76.51

37.13 83.32 72.34

c c c

58.54 c c

54.13 c c

62.04 c c

95.80 c c

74.07 c c

27.01 29.04 38.11 .. 36.57

22.05 29.21 80.31 .. 76.69

32.06 38.15 116.25 .. 97.25

41.51 54.90 239.64 230.93 c

58.98 83.33 .. 307.72 283.23

55.14 89.31 .. 340.73 361.96

62.64 86.12 .. 345.59 358.50

98.28 129.90 .. 440.01 442.20

82.06 103.94 .. 341.72 401.42

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

11.67 11.48 .. .. 0.04 0.15

17.39 17.22 12.03 5.20 0.04 0.13

19.83 19.67 9.14 10.53 0.05 0.11

18.90 18.39 7.61 10.78 0.00 0.51

23.62 22.78 6.11 16.66 0.00 0.84

23.95 23.24 6.33 16.91 0.00 0.71

24.00 23.58 6.65 16.93 0.00 0.42

23.91 23.68 6.42 17.26 0.00 0.23

18.11 18.11 3.33 14.78 0.00 -

0.63 .. .. 0.63

0.75 0.75

0.20 0.20

0.12 0.00 0.00 0.12

0.23 0.23

0.22 0.22

0.21 0.21

0.24 0.24

0.28 0.01 0.01 0.27

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.186 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

ITALY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

12458

22213

20445

18485

19015

24632

24953

25099

19438

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

10007 1347 2537 1525 3027 -

10248 1973 12 1734 839 5541 -

8648 1045 212 804 158 6236 12

7052 2002 1090 17 3868 -

7198 2463 1280 3281 -

5988 2216 966 88 2672 -

6289 2135 1084 98 2972 -

6071 2093 984 2971 -

3149 733 423 1921 -

1036 535

112 37

15 131 35

11 64 -

174 -

19 27 -

-

23 -

46 26

2451 1437 52 -

11965 260 1150 3518 26

11797 109 507 4800 148

11433 1120 110 1 360 4681 3

11817 1141 1 912 4 -

18644 881 105 198 58

18664 951 81 662

19028 830 283 1646

16289 306 200 1117

960 2

180 6641 150 40

310 290 4884 609 140 -

479 148 31 3487 689 22 302 -

369 1759 1919 3548 993 56 1115 -

2034 8734 4779 814 706 335 -

2112 7885 5178 803 577 340 75

2429 7212 4596 892 633 396 111

2305 6555 4054 882 431 111 328

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.187

ITALY 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

61.39

57.69

50.55

77.24

103.02

112.05

118.05

188.97

144.59

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

57.32 57.65 .. 64.68 62.37 .. 68.24 .. 54.53

52.91 57.67 .. 62.38 62.18 .. .. 49.38 45.76

46.44 48.02 .. .. 56.50 .. 46.42 40.62 ..

69.84 75.03 .. .. 91.04 .. 85.35 67.82 58.51

111.81 119.76 .. 128.50 113.75 .. 87.23 74.08 77.71

130.25 137.04 .. 114.32 126.23 .. .. 67.51 78.34

126.24 131.04 488.51 476.51 132.19 .. 87.00 101.09 86.60

240.02 232.32 752.71 .. 165.11 .. 152.03 159.46 150.61

242.48 216.35 .. .. 148.53 .. 77.81 .. 88.18

Steam coal(3)

51.84

50.48

37.92

63.54

73.20

69.16

86.00

143.68

113.67

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. 58.63 56.62 47.34 56.10 44.39 42.54

45.90 2798.99 .. 51.68 54.54 51.34 53.06 44.85 45.77

37.05 .. .. 35.99 47.06 31.19 40.67 37.26 36.92

55.89 .. .. 144.04 72.57 68.09 66.74 68.34 71.19

.. 1441.74 .. 125.35 81.23 .. 72.04 74.49 74.31

.. 588.70 .. 67.12 873.35 .. 74.47 70.07 74.14

.. 427.07 .. 111.14 .. .. 82.16 92.44 93.36

163.91 311.61 .. 440.45 158.43 .. 145.21 153.17 160.60

216.33 481.07 .. 565.39 88.49 .. 131.32 115.16 103.87

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.188 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 180

800

160

700

140

600

120 500

100

400

80

300

60

200

40

100

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 1200

1400

1000

1200 1000

800

800 600 600 400

400

200

200 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.189

JAPAN 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

457.67 82.66 355.61 7.25 3.61 8.20 0.33 -

492.18 85.08 333.83 30.57 30.75 10.85 1.11 -

627.59 109.45 357.74 63.09 7.12 75.30 10.97 2.25 1.67 -

2000

2007

2008

2009e

741.35 138.37 364.59 93.79 8.35 119.90 10.72 4.43 1.21 e -

736.18 166.06 328.33 118.64 10.51 98.22 9.09 4.03 1.30 e -

708.34 162.15 306.12 119.59 10.01 96.10 9.37 3.67 1.33 e -

676.69 145.52 288.63 115.23 8.57 104.15 9.33 3.86 1.39 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.87 1.67 0.04 13.57 19.56 1.72 11.95 -

0.67 2.21 -0.86 3.62 1.91 1.36 -0.87 2.75 -1.26 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 2219 0.21 108.9 4.20 129.8 125.6 92.5 465 56.6

1980 2801 0.18 117.1 4.20 110.6 102.5 90.6 573 66.9

1990 4122 0.15 123.6 5.08 95.8 89.6 89.9 836 98.5

2000 4667 0.16 126.9 5.84 100.0 100.0 100.0 1049 100.0

2007 5203 0.14 127.8 5.76 89.1 107.7 96.1 1125 108.9

2008 5166 0.14 127.7 5.55 86.3 105.9 92.3 1075 105.5

2009e 4912 0.14 127.3 5.32 86.7 99.9 .. 1040 83.0

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.71 1.26 -1.77 -0.58 0.75 0.18 1.12 0.49 -1.77 -0.58 -1.97 0.93 -0.17 0.15 3.50 1.41 3.31 0.38

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

8.72 7.23 0.02 -

7.28 8.28 0.02 -

6.38 -

2.20 -

-

-

-

-1.04 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

8.66 9.99 0.04 -

6.94 11.08 0.03 -

7.98 -

2.96 -

-

-

-

-1.85 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.190 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

334.26 28.81 244.37 10.03 51.00 0.04

331.27 30.53 223.65 13.88 63.06 0.15

428.68 46.16 262.85 21.77 3.75 0.11 1.67 92.09 0.29

493.03 38.68 299.36 33.00 3.80 0.32 1.15 115.94 0.77

493.99 44.40 278.00 44.93 3.80 0.29 0.77 120.97 0.82

488.96 45.42 265.86 47.62 3.94 0.29 0.73 124.24 0.86

455.44 40.55 244.35 46.58 3.65 0.29 0.73 118.48 0.82

1.47 2.81 0.43 4.66 3.54 12.32

0.34 -0.72 -0.40 4.32 -0.15 5.35 -4.50 1.41 6.04

149.84 26.03 85.06 2.95 35.80 -

130.33 29.75 56.41 3.90 40.27 -

146.92 44.21 52.38 5.28 3.60 41.44 -

142.50 37.31 49.73 7.30 3.74 44.43 -

140.12 43.06 40.65 10.33 3.77 42.31 -

139.41 44.09 37.20 11.06 3.90 43.16 -

123.98 39.25 33.11 10.68 3.61 37.32 -

-0.12 3.17 -2.81 3.48 0.86 -

-0.94 -0.66 -2.52 3.99 0.02 -0.58 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

58.22 0.29 56.31 -

77.11 75.24 -

102.50 100.44 -

125.62 123.34 -

118.82 116.52 -

116.10 113.79 -

111.47 109.16 -

3.38 3.46 -

0.47 0.46 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.63 29.89 2.50 12.50 5.16

1.87 36.76 0.79 13.82 7.90

2.07 54.27 0.09 19.26 10.50

2.28 69.46 23.70 12.85

2.31 69.18 20.85 13.16

2.32 70.23 20.43 13.27

2.31 67.94 18.87 12.95

1.42 3.57 -17.53 2.57 4.27

0.63 1.26 -0.11 1.17

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

9.73 28.86 23.29 1.83

14.26 29.06 20.36 2.05

0.15 1.61 22.62 0.04 65.73 1.28 32.77 5.56

0.07 1.12 31.68 0.04 88.38 0.87 36.67 12.58

0.03 0.74 34.35 0.04 98.61 0.77 34.26 20.93

0.03 0.70 35.75 0.05 96.58 0.77 29.40 22.75

0.03 0.70 35.34 0.05 93.87 0.75 26.59 22.45

5.09 4.96 2.03 6.76

-8.00 -4.49 2.51 0.25 2.00 -2.93 -1.16 8.07

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.70 0.04 52.68 52.68 -

6.51 0.15 40.61 40.61 -

0.06 0.06 25.76 0.24 49.35 0.57 48.35 0.43

0.18 0.03 37.31 0.73 59.30 0.50 58.54 0.26

0.17 0.03 41.68 0.78 60.64 0.57 59.56 0.51

0.17 0.03 42.66 0.81 60.38 0.56 59.27 0.55

0.16 0.03 43.12 0.77 52.57 0.56 51.51 0.50

12.09 11.22 -0.38 -0.50 -

5.35 -4.97 2.90 6.69 0.35 -0.15 0.35 0.81

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.191

JAPAN 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.6 59.0 -0.6 -1.3

15.6 70.0 -2.1 1.6

6.4 104.9 -1.9 0.1

2.2 139.0 -2.7 -0.2

167.3 -1.4 0.1

164.1 -0.9 -1.0

146.1 -0.9 0.4

-7.8 3.4 7.3 x

2.5 -3.9 x

Primary supply

82.7

85.1

109.5

138.4

166.1

162.1

145.5

1.7

2.2

Statistical difference

-2.5

-1.9

2.4

-1.4

-1.0

-8.6

..

x

x

Total transformation

-47.6 e

-49.9 e

-62.3 e

-95.1 e

-115.6 e

-109.0 e

..

1.6

3.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-17.1 -17.1 -

-15.0 -11.5 -3.6

-36.3 -29.2 -7.1

-69.1 -57.5 -11.6

.. .. ..

4.5 3.2 -

4.9 5.3 2.9

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-2.9

-1.8

-0.6

-0.3

-27.5 e -24.5 e -3.0 -0.0

-33.1 e -20.1 e -13.1 0.1

-25.4 e -24.7 e -0.6 -0.0

-25.7 e -25.6 e -0.1 -

-91.7 -79.3 -12.4

-86.4 -74.5 -11.8

-23.9 e -25.0 e 1.1 -

-22.6 e -22.7 e 0.1 -

..

-9.0

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.5 0.0 -8.7 -9.7

-0.6 -0.5 -

..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-3.8

-2.7

-3.4

-3.2

-4.0

-4.0

..

-0.6

0.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

28.8

30.5

46.2

38.7

45.4

40.6

..

2.8

-0.7

26.0 23.2 e -

29.7 23.0 e 0.4 4.3 0.1

44.2 17.8 e 3.9 8.2 1.6

37.3 15.8 e 3.9 7.0 2.0

44.1 19.5 e 4.6 6.2 2.1

39.2 17.4 e 4.3 6.0 2.1

.. .. .. .. ..

3.2 -1.5 -

-0.7 -0.1 0.6 -1.7 1.5

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6)

0.3

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

2.5 2.5

0.8 0.8

1.4 1.3 0.1

0.9 0.9 -

0.8 0.8 -

0.7 0.7 -

.. .. ..

-3.5 -17.5

-3.3 -2.9 -

-

-

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

..

-

-0.1

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.192 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

11.08 8.57 8.57 0.34 0.08 0.07 2.52 0.23 0.19 0.71 0.05 1.35 0.58 -

50.03 31.05 26.54 4.52 0.11 5.89 14.83 1.54 2.42 8.12 1.90 0.86 0.67 0.02

96.11 64.88 57.37 7.52 11.46 16.13 2.58 3.57 7.20 2.32 0.46 0.92 -

120.44 92.29 83.53 8.76 11.65 16.67 3.50 3.89 6.45 2.45 0.38 0.83 -

121.43 89.50 80.83 8.67 11.62 16.70 3.38 4.20 6.40 2.36 0.37 0.82 -

128.80 94.35 85.19 9.16 12.57 17.53 4.01 4.32 6.39 2.45 0.36 0.82 -

126.80 90.25 81.21 9.04 10.55 16.24 3.31 4.04 6.31 2.46 0.13 0.80 -

13.38 11.32 9.87 -9.34 43.53 15.91 17.29 23.68 22.52 36.33 -3.72 1.32 -

5.30 6.11 6.41 3.93 3.29 0.51 4.34 2.89 -1.39 1.46 -10.10 0.94 -

58.72 55.12 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

64.93 59.33 5.25 -

57.08 45.97 10.94 -

56.53 47.80 10.44 -

57.67 48.23 10.67 -

58.21 47.18 11.59 -

57.39 46.06 9.71 -

0.84 0.61 -

-0.68 -1.40 3.47 -

0.04 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.193

JAPAN 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

90.58 79.83 73.11

90.23 182.50 152.09

101.84 151.02 129.99

51.42 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

71.23 72.47 82.50 .. 302.48

74.99 73.35 195.69 .. 349.02

70.53 68.03 136.92 .. 320.89

45.68 45.29 163.49 219.96 351.99

81.25 104.02 255.46 342.15 312.30

87.10 112.09 332.48 411.46 338.69

97.98 108.07 352.98 423.59 353.13

167.62 220.66 566.22 689.53 ..

151.91 207.53 .. 426.31 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Yen / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

15.170 23.040 19.780

16.280 56.740 44.330

11.736 29.990 24.200

4.413 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

11.930 14.290 23.810 .. 81.840

13.530 15.580 60.840 .. 101.730

8.128 9.230 27.190 .. 59.740

3.920 4.576 24.177 32.528 48.800

7.120 10.731 38.573 51.662 44.208

8.066 12.220 53.052 65.655 50.665

9.183 11.925 57.006 68.409 53.466

13.792 21.377 80.285 97.769 ..

11.313 18.196 .. 54.706 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

58.99 58.99 .. .. -

69.99 69.99 65.25 4.74 -

104.88 104.37 68.37 36.00 0.51

139.00 136.41 54.60 81.81 2.60

159.26 156.50 54.26 102.24 2.76

160.41 158.42 55.35 103.07 1.99

167.34 165.16 55.87 109.29 2.18

164.08 162.66 55.08 107.58 1.41

146.06 145.63 50.14 95.49 0.43

0.58 .. .. 0.58

2.06 0.06 0.03 0.02 2.01

1.93 0.00 0.00 1.93

2.67 0.00 0.00 2.66

1.68 0.00 0.00 1.68

1.97 0.00 0.00 1.97

1.39 0.00 0.00 1.39

0.95 0.00 0.00 0.95

0.94 0.94

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.194 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

52858

93449

106918

127354

150340

179100

187004

184192

164780

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

50876 24149 10895 398 429 9956 11

69242 30116 17221 12829 401

64935 34505 11290 7367 225

59799 31470 8756 5217 291

57081 34757 5292 1422 367

57672 34929 2906 80 329

58205 36526 3603 1 138

57386 36006 3241 584 201

52244 27779 4979 738 296

420 2360 2244 14

1211 103 4586 2775 -

2802 153 668 2955 4950 20

4255 52 4585 2741 2394 38

6774 5677 603 2104 27 58

5807 9 10622 25 2939 26

3638 9 10659 134 3491 6

3290 10 10978 48 2956 72

501 24 16500 1418 9

1982 668 105 -

24207 14138 780 960 14

41983 21346 6920 4516 138

67555 33967 9448 5630 315

93259 55147 8297 2230 575

121428 70835 5866 160 660

128799 78045 7625 2 291

126806 77211 6869 1238 426

112536 81907 2708 124 -

513 157 149 390

2427 306 4091 1020 157 314

2504 94 409 2003 3402 150 501

5856 56 4948 2958 2656 1273 448

12470 8908 945 3300 944 443

13658 18 21294 51 6496 2251 139

9942 19 22559 283 7750 2270 13

9336 21 23268 101 6650 1533 153

6390 10477 696 8549 1684 1

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.195

JAPAN 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

60.72

55.03

39.46

61.40

88.80

93.10

88.43

184.13

198.40

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

55.27 71.27 x x 66.90 54.38 59.34 50.11 57.45

51.15 64.49 x x 61.37 49.49 48.26 49.54 54.81

39.01 45.46 x x 52.69 37.12 37.31 39.99 43.62

56.85 62.04 x x 163.61 72.57 109.00 x 67.98

96.44 106.05 .. .. 159.01 100.45 x x 114.96

106.20 125.68 .. .. 159.35 91.98 88.35 x 116.69

96.03 112.61 .. .. 516.32 100.91 x x 105.45

206.71 234.34 .. .. 308.56 256.42 224.37 x 250.90

193.65 221.77 .. .. 246.05 200.21 120.75 x 189.24

Steam coal(3)

50.97

47.85

34.59

51.48

62.73

63.33

70.92

125.42

112.39

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

52.23 48.26 x x 53.17 47.59 x 47.95 46.54

48.87 44.20 x x 52.65 44.48 x 48.27 43.45

34.59 34.72 190.61 x 45.49 33.69 x 35.82 30.68

50.20 52.60 x x 186.48 55.06 x x 59.02

61.90 63.79 .. .. x 65.65 x 80.64 66.10

63.90 56.32 .. .. 596.68 63.88 x x 62.20

71.03 66.04 .. .. 553.99 73.60 100.34 77.46 72.28

127.23 125.52 .. .. 151.26 124.10 x 105.49 121.34

113.06 103.92 .. .. 820.10 123.05 x 87.62 104.35

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.196 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

KOREA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 800

350

700

300

600 250 500 200

400

150

300

100

200

50

100 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 100

100

90

90

80

80

70

70

60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 500

Other transformation

2008

600

450 500

400 350

400

300 300

250 200

200

150 100

100

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.197

KOREA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

30.78 11.61 19.01 0.16 -

58.87 19.26 38.07 1.29 0.24 -

132.98 36.51 71.05 3.89 1.04 19.69 0.78 0.01 -

2000 265.22 56.35 141.49 24.29 1.97 40.57 0.49 0.06 e -

2007

2008

2009e

317.35 80.20 134.93 44.50 3.92 53.21 0.45 0.02 0.10 0.02

324.21 89.67 128.03 45.44 4.28 56.20 0.38 0.02 0.13 0.06

326.78 91.84 130.70 44.01 4.54 55.01 0.35 0.03 0.25 0.06

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 8.99 6.97 8.06 9.87 -

5.08 5.12 3.33 14.63 8.16 6.00 -3.97 13.09 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 81 0.38 34.1 0.90 76.8 136.3 32.3 15 ..

1980 128 0.46 38.1 1.54 92.5 142.4 51.8 37 14.2

1990 296 0.45 42.9 3.10 90.5 116.9 64.7 105 42.7

2000 533 0.50 47.0 5.64 100.0 100.0 100.0 289 100.0

2007 734 0.43 48.5 6.55 86.9 103.3 108.0 426 156.0

2008 751 0.43 48.6 6.67 86.8 113.0 109.9 444 161.4

2009e 766 0.43 48.7 6.71 85.8 113.5 .. 443 160.0

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 7.94 5.32 0.97 -0.23 1.35 0.70 7.53 4.34 0.97 -0.23 -0.90 -0.19 4.18 2.99 12.23 8.32 7.67

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

11.35 -

11.71 -

10.82 -

2.56 -

1.90 -

1.82 -

1.66 -

-0.39 -

-9.42 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

18.05 -

18.63 -

17.22 -

4.15 -

2.89 -

2.77 -

2.52 -

-0.39 -

-9.65 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.198 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

KOREA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

24.98 9.26 14.14 1.58 -

44.70 13.92 26.76 4.02 -

92.72 16.74 62.37 0.96 1.04 0.01 11.60 -

180.55 11.93 114.11 15.61 1.82 0.06 32.33 4.70

202.97 12.51 112.29 23.28 2.92 0.01 0.05 45.62 6.29

210.14 12.79 115.45 24.01 3.22 0.02 0.04 48.06 6.56

210.77 14.26 111.10 25.11 3.47 0.02 0.04 50.02 6.74

8.02 3.54 9.12 12.46 -

4.67 -0.89 3.26 19.87 6.92 5.92 8.46 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

9.17 0.56 7.52 1.09 -

14.73 1.92 10.01 2.79 -

27.54 4.36 15.57 0.10 0.41 7.10 -

53.98 11.12 15.72 4.11 1.51 18.48 3.04

58.06 10.93 11.22 6.24 2.32 0.00 0.00 23.28 4.08

59.44 10.81 10.43 6.73 2.55 0.00 0.00 24.64 4.28

61.68 12.12 9.23 7.81 2.70 0.00 0.00 25.54 4.28

6.69 12.88 4.37 11.67 -

4.58 5.84 -2.86 27.11 11.08 7.37 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.57 0.02 3.54 -

6.83 0.00 6.78 -

20.79 20.67 -

37.48 37.23 -

41.75 40.73 0.65

43.16 41.92 0.82

41.19 39.68 1.02

10.92 10.94 -

3.87 3.69 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.02 8.85 8.55 e 0.10 -

0.05 13.23 11.85 e 0.72 -

0.12 18.49 12.34 e 2.74 0.66 e

0.25 21.48 0.81 e 5.54 8.90

0.06 0.31 26.84 1.58 4.93 11.82

0.11 0.30 26.36 1.43 4.44 11.75

0.21 0.27 26.85 1.50 4.50 11.76

12.93 4.43 2.18 21.34 -

4.46 2.09 -11.03 2.80 17.32

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.19 1.27 0.14 0.86 -

0.65 3.64 0.14 e 3.00 -

0.56 0.01 2.18 12.42 0.04 e 10.09 0.19 e

0.09 0.05 4.56 1.53 24.59 13.25 2.58

0.07 0.00 0.04 6.45 1.95 25.50 5.52 4.55

0.06 0.03 6.66 1.99 26.22 5.21 4.71

0.04 0.00 0.03 6.91 2.10 26.42 4.73 4.50

15.43 14.33 -7.29 15.56 -

-13.44 7.99 6.62 4.28 -4.12 19.09

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.27 1.62 1.62 -

0.50 4.37 4.37 -

0.07 0.01 2.01 9.61 9.61 -

0.22 0.01 8.39 0.14 35.76 35.76 -

0.47 0.01 0.01 14.68 0.26 45.37 45.37 -

0.49 0.02 0.01 15.51 0.29 49.43 0.55 48.88 -

0.52 0.02 0.01 16.28 0.37 49.68 0.63 49.04 -

12.47 11.04 11.04 -

11.43 1.24 12.31 9.56 9.48 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.199

KOREA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

11.7 5.0 e 2.6 e

10.8 22.5 e 3.2 e

2.6 54.9 e -1.1 e

1.9 77.9 0.4

1.8 87.9 -0.0

1.7 89.9 0.3

0.8 23.2 x

-9.4 7.9 x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.5 0.6 -0.2 1.6

Primary supply

11.6

19.3

36.5

56.4

80.2

89.7

91.8

7.0

5.1

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.4

1.2

0.9

0.3

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.2 e

-3.5 e

-18.8 e

-42.3 e

-65.1 e

-72.7 e

..

13.5

7.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.5 e -0.4 -0.1 e

-1.2 e -1.2 -0.0 e

-8.5 e -5.6 e -2.9 e

-33.7 e -29.9 e -3.7 e

-54.5 -48.6 -5.9

-61.4 -55.0 -6.4

.. .. ..

18.5 16.4 25.9

11.6 13.5 4.4

Autoproducers Gas works

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

-

-

-1.7 e -0.2 e -0.0 e -1.5 e

-2.3 e -1.4 e -0.2 e -0.7 e

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1 e

-1.4 e

-2.1 e

-3.0 e

-

-

-

-

9.3

13.9

16.7

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.6 0.6 e -

Transport(6)

0.0

Other(7)

8.7 0.1 8.6 e

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-10.3 e -4.9 e -0.6 e -4.8 e

1.9 1.3 e 0.7 0.0 12.0 0.1 e 11.9 e -

4.4 0.7 e 0.1 e 2.9 0.0 e 12.4 0.0 e 12.3 e -

-8.7 e -7.8 e -0.6 e -0.2 e

-10.6 e -8.8 e -1.8 0.1

-11.3 e -9.4 e -1.9 -

..

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

11.1 21.7 28.5 7.0

0.5 3.6 7.1 -

-

-

..

-

-

-2.6

-2.9

..

17.8

1.8

-

-

..

x

x

11.9

12.8

14.3

..

3.5

-0.9

11.1 3.1 e 0.2 4.4 -

10.8 4.7 e 0.1 4.2 0.0

12.1 6.4 e 0.1 4.4 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

12.9 1.4 -

5.8 13.1 3.1 2.3 15.8

-

-

..

-

-

0.8 0.8 e

-

1.4 1.4

1.5 1.5

.. .. ..

2.1 -7.3 2.2

-11.0 -11.0

-

0.5

0.6

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.200 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

KOREA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

19.88 0.52 0.52 18.29 0.84 0.68 0.16 0.22 -

33.04 7.71 7.71 20.70 4.59 0.17 0.08 3.53 0.00 0.80 0.05 -

47.13 36.16 36.16 1.22 9.76 0.27 5.31 4.19 -

61.39 52.72 50.21 2.51 2.01 7.09 1.19 0.13 4.75 0.04 0.98 -

63.98 55.14 52.60 2.54 2.33 - e 7.29 1.35 e 0.13 4.69 0.04 1.08 e -

70.31 60.90 58.34 2.56 2.09 - e 7.85 1.39 e 0.14 4.99 0.04 1.31 e -

78.89 68.65 65.77 2.88 2.29 - e 8.24 1.58 e 0.13 5.18 0.04 1.31 e -

4.32 25.23 25.23 1.04 15.15 -10.91 29.42 -12.19 -

4.95 12.92 12.65 -11.51 3.31 13.15 3.00 2.15 15.64 2.75 -

2.01 2.01 -

11.74 11.74 -

19.42 16.38 3.03 -

20.88 15.40 5.48 -

20.73 15.11 5.60 e 0.25 0.25 e - e -

21.74 15.45 6.12 e 0.17 0.17 e - e -

23.84 16.84 6.66 e 0.33 0.33 e - e -

15.84 15.84 -

4.02 2.03 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

-

-

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.201

KOREA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 190.61 ..

.. 99.47 ..

.. 209.68 ..

58.44 .. 285.40

54.73 .. 371.11

63.96 .. 380.89

96.49 .. 525.46

87.54 .. 352.07

.. .. .. .. ..

32.73 .. 190.61 .. ..

61.03 .. 99.47 .. ..

58.36 .. 209.68 216.62 ..

66.77 116.53 330.54 326.78 305.16

61.12 120.23 412.77 427.59 385.23

75.29 110.12 419.55 436.51 428.40

124.80 247.02 526.36 549.77 388.52

94.12 169.43 365.32 400.04 372.93

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Korean wons / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 152.225 ..

.. 92.585 ..

.. 311.681 ..

56.432 .. 375.833

49.119 .. 454.149

56.055 .. 455.166

100.149 .. 743.727

105.229 .. 577.122

.. .. .. .. ..

18.743 .. 152.225 .. ..

40.740 .. 92.585 .. ..

62.210 .. 311.681 321.999 ..

64.479 112.530 445.095 440.030 401.855

54.853 107.902 516.531 535.074 471.430

65.984 96.501 512.681 533.407 511.948

129.536 256.398 761.811 795.691 549.912

113.138 203.671 612.352 670.553 611.317

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

0.65 0.61 .. .. 0.04

4.96 4.84 3.87 e 0.97 e 0.12

0.17 0.17 .. .. -

-

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

22.46 22.46 11.13 e 11.34 e -

54.93 54.93 18.42 36.51 -

67.00 66.69 19.45 47.24 0.32

71.97 71.68 18.93 52.74 0.29

77.86 77.31 21.73 55.58 0.55

87.87 87.17 23.22 63.94 0.70

89.87 89.63 19.89 69.74 0.24

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.202 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

KOREA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

2169

17131

23729 e

45831 e

63724 e

79707

88285

99584

102981

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2009 1150 409 450 -

8125 3625 2100 1900 -

11287 5053 2026 2908 -

17151 8410 4251 2324 7

19575 10641 4097 1419 -

20081 11677 4089 120 -

22532 14362 5034 252 -

24083 14856 5072 1132 -

20630 12550 4369 1642 -

-

500 -

3096 1099 -

2172 712 -

2341 49 633 -

1313 725 31 -

160 -

9006 5100 1469 1020 -

e e

59626 17344 766 538 3

65753 14799 1059 71 7

75501 23347 1450 44 -

82351 30379 3307 200 1

160

1417 -

20210 e 5277 e 2503 e 2197 e 68 e -

15646 20697 3933 635 64

17748 25336 301 5643 755 34

15536 26362 609 6863 1212 78

8353 33245 620 3995 1839 412

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

e e e

e

100 e 1200 12442 3506 1250 1235 -

e e e

e

1000 e 397 e 5054 e -

e e e

e e

1072 e 44 e 696 e 347 e 28680 9464 2156 1 2150 4

e e e e

e e

7209 e 3375 e 3535 e 533 e 223 e 30 e

e e e

e

2781 e 209 e 394 e 34 e 44149 12019 1647 166 62

e e e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.203

KOREA 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

..

..

42.41

68.79

110.75

114.69

105.43

198.33

135.92

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

40.71 44.36 .. .. 55.50 39.97 .. .. 41.71

58.24 60.15 .. .. 144.12 111.54 .. .. 82.15

106.89 106.32 .. .. 138.42 121.09 .. .. 124.34

112.87 125.78 .. .. 135.17 108.61 .. .. 95.28

103.16 109.12 .. .. 123.05 107.69 .. .. 102.14

212.42 225.52 .. .. 301.67 275.89 .. .. 280.59

158.33 168.02 .. .. 175.06 161.91 .. .. 121.84

Steam coal(3)

..

..

28.67

48.21

55.76

51.73

61.19

88.66

79.76

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

32.70 32.59 .. .. 23.75 28.72 .. 32.05 28.59

48.77 58.71 .. .. 30.33 51.54 .. .. 57.14

58.85 95.90 .. .. 31.96 59.44 .. .. 58.14

54.91 59.40 .. .. 32.11 56.63 .. .. 54.19

60.28 67.51 .. .. 29.67 69.56 .. 71.15 71.32

93.33 83.70 .. .. 95.92 113.59 .. 76.36 116.34

91.04 80.70 .. .. 47.11 106.18 .. 104.72 89.02

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.204 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 7

120

6

100

5

80

4

60

3 40 2 20 1 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4.0

18

3.5

16 14

3.0

12

2.5

10 2.0 8 1.5

6

1.0

4

0.5

2 0

0.0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.205

LUXEMBOURG 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

6.33 3.48 2.29 0.31 0.01 0.25 -

5.08 2.61 1.48 0.61 0.03 0.01 0.35 -

4.88 1.62 2.12 0.61 0.04 0.01 0.48 -

4.74 0.18 2.82 0.96 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.70 -

6.03 0.11 3.54 1.72 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.49 -

5.88 0.10 3.51 1.56 0.15 0.02 0.01 0.53 -

5.57 0.08 3.32 1.59 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.42 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 -1.53 -4.40 -0.45 4.05 2.37 3.95 -

1.05 -14.18 2.85 5.32 8.26 3.59 0.56 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 7 0.90 0.4 18.04 385.8 5603.2 150.1 1 63.8

1980 8 0.66 0.4 13.97 284.4 3853.7 166.2 1 55.4

1990 12 0.39 0.4 12.76 168.2 1475.8 118.9 1 79.5

2000 20 0.23 0.4 10.79 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 100.0

2007 27 0.22 0.5 12.56 94.9 47.4 87.4 3 121.7

2008 27 0.22 0.5 12.03 92.6 42.9 85.7 3 115.1

2009e 27 0.21 0.5 11.18 88.9 34.7 .. 3 96.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.40 4.46 -4.77 -3.26 0.50 1.38 -2.02 -0.33 -4.77 -3.26 -7.55 -17.85 -1.36 -1.80 -4.62 8.53 1.30 2.08

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.206 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

4.10 1.40 2.09 0.25 0.36 -

3.87 1.49 1.44 0.51 0.44 -

4.00 0.78 2.11 0.60 0.51 -

4.64 0.18 2.81 0.89 0.02 0.00 0.70 0.04

5.73 0.16 3.68 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.80 0.09

5.65 0.11 3.55 1.02 0.07 0.00 0.82 0.08

5.57 0.10 3.53 0.98 0.08 0.00 0.81 0.08

-0.15 -3.36 0.05 5.21 1.99 -

1.85 -10.64 2.89 2.75 2.57 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.94 1.35 1.10 0.20 0.29 -

2.34 1.45 0.24 0.35 0.30 -

1.91 0.77 0.39 0.40 0.35 -

1.37 0.18 0.11 0.59 0.47 0.02

1.46 0.16 0.11 0.62 0.52 0.04

1.47 0.11 0.11 0.68 0.54 0.02

1.35 0.10 0.11 0.59 0.52 0.03

-2.52 -3.22 -5.94 4.17 1.02 -

-1.91 -10.58 -6.93 2.20 2.32 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.33 0.33 -

0.62 0.61 -

1.26 1.25 -

2.23 2.22 -

3.18 3.17 -

3.12 3.06 -

3.10 3.03 -

8.12 8.16 -

5.15 5.05 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 0.73 0.05 0.60 0.05

0.01 0.76 0.03 0.51 0.16

0.01 0.71 0.01 0.43 0.20

0.01 0.85 0.00 0.43 0.30

0.00 0.01 0.86 0.00 0.35 0.35

0.05 0.01 0.83 0.33 0.34

0.05 0.01 0.88 0.33 0.39

3.05 -0.10 -9.72 -1.86 8.04

4.08 1.18 -1.47 3.71

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.03 -

0.06 0.06 -

0.07 0.08 -

0.02 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.13 -

0.02 0.00 0.09 e 0.05 0.16 -

0.02 0.00 0.09 e 0.05 0.16 -

0.02 0.00 0.09 0.05 0.17 -

5.87 -

1.57 4.35 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.04 0.04 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 -

0.08 0.03 0.03 -

0.13 0.02 0.02 -

0.16 e 0.03 0.03 -

0.16 e 0.02 0.02 -

0.17 0.02 0.02 -

-1.93 -1.93 -

4.35 -3.04 -3.04 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.207

LUXEMBOURG 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

3.5 -0.0

2.6 -0.0

1.6 -

0.2 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

-4.4 x

-14.2 x

Primary supply

3.5

2.6

1.6

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

-4.4

-14.2

Statistical difference

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-1.9 e

-1.1 e

-0.8

-

-

-

..

-5.1

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.2 -0.2

-0.2 -0.2

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-3.7 -

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use Losses Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-1.5 e -1.5 e -

-0.8 e -0.8 e -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.6 -0.6 -

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.5 -5.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

1.4

1.5

0.8

0.2

0.1

0.1

..

-3.4

-10.6

1.3 1.3 -

1.5 1.3 e 0.1 -

0.8 0.6 0.2 -

0.2 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -4.5 -

-10.6 -13.9 -5.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

-

.. .. ..

-9.7 -9.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.208 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.01 -

0.20 0.20 0.04 0.16 0.00 -

0.17 0.17 0.04 0.13 -

0.11 0.11 0.03 0.08 -

0.15 0.15 0.05 0.10 -

0.11 0.11 0.04 0.07 -

0.10 0.10 0.04 0.06 -

-7.48 -7.45 -19.27 -12.55 -

-3.75 -3.72 0.42 -5.42 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.02 0.02 0.02 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.209

LUXEMBOURG 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 131.80 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. x .. .. ..

.. x .. .. 134.97

.. x 94.73 .. ..

.. x x 130.60 ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. 340.46

.. x x .. 337.53

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 131.73 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. x .. .. ..

.. x .. .. 125.81

.. x 108.26 .. ..

.. x x 195.34 ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. 299.41

.. x x .. 312.37

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

3.49 0.30 .. .. 3.19

2.63 0.36 0.36 0.02 2.26

1.62 0.20 0.20 1.42

0.18 0.17 0.17 0.01

0.12 0.11 0.11 0.01

0.16 0.15 0.15 0.00

0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00

0.08 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.00

.. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.210 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

495

199

197

217

171

153

109

99

26

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

495 299 12 1 6

199 52 33 32

197 1 34

217 10 100

171 5 52

153 4 97

109 1 57

99 2 51

26 1 25

125 52

72 10 -

138 24 -

107 -

114 -

52 -

51 -

46 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.211

MEXICO* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 350

300

300

250

250 200 200 150

150

100

100

50

50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 300

Other transformation

2008

450 400

250 350 300

200

250 150 200 150

100

100 50 50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.212 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

MEXICO 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

75.10 2.62 46.39 14.99 8.87 1.99 0.20 0.04 -

135.88 3.38 92.07 27.33 9.82 2.07 1.12 0.08 -

173.24 4.95 114.66 33.03 10.49 1.09 2.88 6.29 0.00 -0.17 -

206.84 9.78 128.90 42.26 11.35 3.06 4.07 7.25 0.06 0.11 -

251.84 13.00 143.39 67.30 11.79 3.88 3.35 9.09 0.19 -0.14 -

258.01 10.75 148.16 70.11 11.77 3.65 4.81 8.67 0.22 -0.14 -

252.55 12.68 142.13 69.91 12.23 3.91 3.28 8.28 0.26 -0.11 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 5.04 3.81 5.47 4.76 0.99 2.21 22.57 -

2.24 4.40 1.43 4.27 0.64 6.93 2.89 1.79 46.05 -1.20 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 245 0.31 53.3 1.41 94.5 69.8 50.7 37 ..

1980 378 0.36 65.7 2.07 110.5 58.2 59.3 67 56.5

1990 453 0.38 81.3 2.13 117.8 71.2 87.0 116 67.3

2000 637 0.32 98.3 2.11 100.0 100.0 100.0 197 100.0

2007 759 0.33 105.7 2.38 102.1 111.5 101.6 263 108.2

2008 769 0.34 106.6 2.42 103.2 91.0 102.2 259 107.6

2009e 713 0.35 107.5 2.35 109.0 115.8 .. 253 99.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.68 2.99 1.31 -0.73 2.51 1.52 2.46 0.71 1.31 -0.73 0.12 1.37 3.23 0.90 6.93 4.57 2.64

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.47 -

2.48 -

2.37 2.46 -

1.77 5.96 -

1.65 6.92 -

1.51 6.35 -

1.44 5.80 -

-0.34 -

-2.47 5.40 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.09 -

3.09 -

2.96 3.97 -

2.21 9.13 -

2.06 10.46 -

1.89 9.59 -

1.79 8.76 -

-0.34 -

-2.47 5.02 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.213

MEXICO 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

56.77 1.96 31.69 10.38 8.87 3.88 -

94.17 2.29 56.70 18.34 9.82 7.02 -

118.41 2.22 73.16 20.23 10.49 12.31 -

139.83 1.97 89.38 18.31 10.19 0.06 19.92 -

157.53 2.75 103.61 17.35 10.24 0.13 23.45 -

162.55 2.83 107.36 17.90 10.18 0.15 24.13 -

164.86 3.00 108.93 17.86 10.29 0.19 24.59 -

4.42 0.75 5.04 4.00 0.99 7.03 -

1.86 1.67 2.24 -0.69 -0.11 3.92 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

20.16 1.96 5.00 9.09 1.89 2.22 -

31.75 2.29 8.61 14.93 2.20 3.71 -

37.33 2.19 10.64 15.46 2.49 6.56 -

38.78 1.97 10.25 12.68 1.66 12.22 -

41.15 2.75 10.71 12.43 1.62 13.64 -

42.30 2.83 11.07 12.61 1.68 14.11 -

42.10 3.00 9.74 12.34 1.94 15.08 -

3.69 0.66 4.54 3.17 1.62 6.57 -

0.67 1.76 -0.49 -1.25 -1.36 4.73 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

17.72 17.68 -

32.57 32.52 -

40.76 40.66 -

51.65 51.51 0.01

67.05 66.88 0.02

70.88 70.71 0.02

74.03 73.88 0.02

5.02 5.02 -

3.37 3.37 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.04 12.27 3.68 0.56

0.05 15.94 6.42 0.67

0.10 21.06 9.39 1.16

0.13 24.61 10.91 0.74

0.15 25.45 9.85 1.04

0.15 25.43 9.74 1.06

0.14 24.82 9.60 1.05

4.91 3.23 5.67 4.40

1.79 0.92 0.12 -0.52

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

6.98 1.06 1.00 1.00 -

7.62 1.23 2.80 1.84 -

8.01 2.51 2.11 0.77 -

8.53 4.44 4.94 2.47 0.24

8.62 5.94 5.47 2.40 0.28

8.50 6.13 5.39 2.24 0.29

8.35 5.83 5.18 2.14 0.31

0.81 5.17 4.46 -1.54 -

0.23 4.80 5.13 5.85 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.36 2.63 0.73

0.97 7.12 4.39 2.73

1.34 12.97 0.03 9.32 3.61

0.06 2.16 15.79 11.15 4.64

0.13 2.65 13.71 10.13 3.58

0.15 2.70 13.75 9.84 3.91

0.19 2.54 13.81 9.67 4.15

8.27 7.73 9.89

3.64 0.35 0.20 0.78

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.214 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

MEXICO 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

2.2 0.4 0.1

2.5 0.9 -0.1 0.1

4.8 0.3 -0.0 -0.2

7.7 2.4 -0.0 -0.4

8.6 4.1 -0.0 0.4

7.9 3.3 -0.0 -0.5

7.2 4.2 1.2

4.8 -0.9 x

2.7 13.6 -6.1 x

2.6

3.4

5.0

9.8

13.0

10.7

12.7

3.8

4.4

Statistical difference

-0.1

-0.2

0.1

-

1.0

0.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.5

-0.9

-2.8

-7.8 e

-11.1

-7.9

..

10.3

6.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.1 -0.1 -

-

-2.6 -2.6 -

-6.8 -6.2 -0.6

-10.9 -10.7 -0.1

-7.6 -7.4 -0.2

.. .. ..

23.5 23.5 -

6.1 6.0 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.9 -0.9 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.0 -6.0 -

4.5 -1.4 -

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-1.6

-1.7

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

2.0

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.8

3.0

..

0.7

1.7

2.0 2.0 -

2.3 2.3 -

2.2 1.9 0.0 -

2.0 1.7 e 0.0 -

2.8 2.4 0.2 -

3.0 2.6 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -0.1 -

1.8 1.6 10.2 -

Transport(6)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.215

MEXICO 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

-

3.97 3.97 3.97 -

11.36 9.57 9.57 1.79 -

16.88 14.92 14.92 1.77 0.19 0.19 -

16.62 14.70 14.70 1.66 0.26 0.26 -

16.46 14.66 14.66 1.49 0.31 0.31 -

12.70 10.84 10.84 1.57 0.30 0.30 -

-

6.67 5.74 5.74 -

4.05 3.97 -

2.91 2.89 -

0.93 0.93 -

0.68 0.68 -

0.84 0.84 -

1.02 1.02 -

0.98 0.98 -

-2.72 -2.61 -

-5.90 -5.86 -

-

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.216 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

MEXICO 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 7.91 10.62

33.41 10.63 13.90

48.20 38.05 68.39

48.69 86.20 116.69

62.69 122.84 282.94

64.79 174.80 264.12

70.26 174.33 245.99

80.19 306.50 328.91

78.20 209.10 154.07

x .. 7.91 .. 10.53

x .. 10.63 .. 13.90

x .. 38.05 .. 68.39

x .. 86.29 .. 116.69

x .. 124.96 .. 277.77

x .. 176.42 .. 266.91

x .. 179.05 .. 269.96

x .. 296.70 .. 336.89

x .. 209.12 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Mexican pesos / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 0.000 0.000

0.001 0.000 0.000

0.089 0.157 0.250

0.301 1.180 1.418

0.446 1.938 3.961

0.462 2.761 3.702

0.502 2.760 3.456

0.585 4.951 4.717

0.690 4.090 2.675

x .. 0.000 .. 0.000

x .. 0.000 .. 0.000

x .. 0.157 .. 0.250

x .. 1.181 .. 1.418

x .. 1.971 .. 3.889

x .. 2.786 .. 3.742

x .. 2.834 .. 3.793

x .. 4.793 .. 4.831

x .. 4.090 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.39 0.25 .. .. 0.14

0.92 0.81 0.81 0.12

0.34 0.22 0.22 0.11

2.43 1.85 1.85 0.00 0.57

5.89 5.53 5.53 0.00 0.35

5.68 5.38 5.38 0.00 0.29

4.07 3.82 3.82 0.00 0.25

3.35 3.04 3.04 0.00 0.30

4.24 4.05 4.05 0.00 0.19

.. .. -

0.08 0.08

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

0.00 0.00

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.217

MEXICO 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

570

590

228

818

2432

7622

5459

4261

6004

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

570 470 -

590 195 303 -

228 122 6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

100

92

100

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

818 818 -

2432 1074 538 697 -

7622 6379 511 369 140

5459 4624 279 505 -

4261 650 324 1195 -

6004 3621 164 1054 -

-

-

-

-

1 66 56 -

2 193 28 -

2 49 -

832 133 1127 -

1 815 63 286 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.218 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

250

100

200

80

150

60 100 40 50 20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 30

14

25

12 10

20

8 15 6 10

4

5

2

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 200

120

180 100

160 140

80

120 100

60

80 40

60 40

20

20 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.219

NETHERLANDS 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

88.57 4.10 43.52 40.71 0.41 -0.17 -

91.95 5.42 41.22 43.46 0.32 1.56 -0.04 -

93.82 12.76 33.25 44.00 1.34 1.30 0.01 0.01 1.13 -

104.61 11.21 36.99 49.98 2.48 1.46 0.02 0.15 2.32 -

114.62 12.16 46.85 47.51 3.89 1.56 0.01 0.48 2.16 -

113.83 11.54 44.30 49.49 4.40 1.55 0.01 0.00 0.58 1.95 -

110.32 10.68 42.05 49.94 4.85 1.57 0.01 0.00 0.61 0.60 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.34 6.91 -1.57 0.46 7.00 -

1.08 -0.56 1.61 0.66 6.81 0.97 1.02 25.32 3.06 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 188 0.47 13.4 6.59 173.2 74.7 92.8 53 69.0

1980 226 0.41 14.1 6.50 149.6 82.2 99.9 65 77.0

1990 282 0.33 14.9 6.28 122.5 155.4 102.7 72 81.8

2000 385 0.27 15.9 6.57 100.0 100.0 100.0 90 100.0

2007 440 0.26 16.4 7.00 95.8 94.8 97.0 105 109.0

2008 449 0.25 16.4 6.92 93.3 88.2 95.7 108 110.6

2009e 437 0.25 16.6 6.66 93.0 84.0 .. 112 102.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.41 2.62 -2.02 -1.50 0.63 0.53 -0.29 0.55 -2.02 -1.50 4.40 -3.10 0.60 -0.39 1.86 2.26 1.01 1.69

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.220 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

68.07 1.55 33.52 27.56 5.45 -

77.59 1.11 34.79 34.64 7.05 -

70.18 1.97 25.82 32.40 0.52 0.00 9.03 0.44

81.00 1.30 29.70 33.34 0.51 0.02 12.01 4.13

82.28 1.24 32.65 31.23 0.64 0.03 13.02 3.46

88.05 1.41 39.24 29.43 1.07 0.03 13.32 3.55

87.20 1.36 37.29 30.82 1.03 0.00 0.03 13.41 3.26

0.18 1.44 -1.52 0.96 3.02 -

1.21 -2.03 2.06 -0.28 3.87 13.57 2.22 11.80

19.30 1.09 3.79 11.63 2.79 -

17.59 0.99 3.63 9.52 3.45 -

16.15 1.58 1.12 9.30 0.06 4.08 -

19.73 0.87 2.29 8.95 0.09 5.01 2.53

17.60 0.86 1.40 7.90 0.19 5.11 2.14

18.43 0.91 2.26 7.68 0.19 5.20 2.20

17.03 0.83 1.41 7.54 0.19 5.18 1.88

-1.04 2.21 -6.90 -1.31 2.26 -

0.30 -3.51 1.27 -1.16 7.22 1.33 -

9.33 9.22 -

10.85 10.73 -

12.70 12.54 -

15.67 15.47 -

17.09 16.84 0.00

17.12 16.45 0.00

17.30 16.69 0.00

1.83 1.82 -

1.73 1.60 -

0.11 18.66 0.34 6.77 10.21

0.12 20.25 0.07 2.01 16.31

0.16 14.19 0.03 0.35 11.23

0.20 14.72 0.01 0.08 11.38

0.06 0.20 14.30 0.01 0.13 10.53

0.47 0.19 13.19 0.01 0.08 9.47

0.41 0.20 13.99 0.01 0.09 10.15

2.09 -1.60 -12.77 -16.03 0.56

1.32 -0.08 -4.67 -7.31 -0.56

1.35 2.74 1.53 -

1.86 2.52 1.07 0.04

0.40 0.00 2.03 0.15 8.26 0.04 0.90 4.65

0.34 0.01 2.68 0.21 10.32 0.03 0.41 5.31

0.33 0.02 3.05 0.23 12.29 0.03 0.49 6.92

0.33 0.03 2.98 0.29 12.17 0.04 0.73 6.21

0.33 0.03 3.05 0.34 13.80 0.01 0.80 8.11

2.44 6.71 -3.07 -

-1.12 19.58 2.29 4.55 2.90 -5.96 -0.68 3.14

1.20 10.80 10.80 -

1.41 18.81 16.32 2.49

0.06 0.00 2.47 0.13 14.03 0.32 10.47 3.25

0.07 0.00 3.61 0.88 15.01 0.39 10.72 3.91

0.05 0.00 3.99 0.80 16.48 0.34 13.09 3.05

0.06 0.00 4.33 0.80 22.50 0.45 18.92 3.13

0.06 0.00 4.03 0.79 20.89 0.51 17.54 2.85

4.34 1.55 -0.19 -

-0.21 3.35 2.75 10.55 2.24 2.64 2.91 -0.73

of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.221

NETHERLANDS 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

1.6 4.2 -2.0 0.3

7.3 -2.0 0.1

16.8 -3.3 -0.7

20.1 -8.7 -0.2

23.3 -10.6 -0.5

18.8 -6.6 -0.7

17.3 -4.1 -2.5

8.5 2.9 x

0.6 4.0 x

Primary supply

4.1

5.4

12.8

11.2

12.2

11.5

10.7

6.9

-0.6

Statistical difference

0.1

0.1

-0.6

-

0.0

0.0

..

x

x

-10.5 e

-9.9

..

10.7

0.0

-7.8 -7.8 -0.0

.. .. ..

12.5 12.4 -

-0.3 -0.3 -10.4

Total transformation

-1.8 e

-4.1

-9.9 e

-9.7 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.1 -1.1 -

-2.6 -2.4 -0.2

-8.3 -8.2 -0.1

-7.9 -7.9 -0.0

Autoproducers Gas works

-

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-0.6 e -0.8 e 0.2 0.0

-1.6 -1.2 -0.4 -

-8.3 -8.3 -0.0

-

-

-

-1.6 e -1.5 e -0.1 -

-1.7 e -1.6 e -0.2 -

-2.2 e -2.0 e -0.2 -

-

..

-

-

-2.1 -1.9 -0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

5.4 3.3 -

1.6 1.4 4.0 -

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.9

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

..

-5.5

-1.1

Losses

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

1.5

1.1

2.0

1.3

1.4

1.4

..

1.4

-2.0

1.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 -

1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 -

1.6 0.9 e 0.4 0.1 0.0

0.9 0.7 e 0.0 0.1 -

0.9 0.8 e 0.1 -

0.8 0.7 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.2 1.6 2.8 10.5 -

-3.5 -1.2 -3.9 -

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.5 0.3

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-10.1 -12.8

-5.6 -6.0 -4.7

-

-

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.5

..

-

2.6

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.222 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1.85 1.70 1.59 0.11 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.07 -

9.64 8.72 8.69 0.03 - e 0.48 - e 0.36 0.03 0.00 0.09 e 0.06 0.01

8.69 8.59 8.59 - e 0.07 0.01 e 0.01 0.02 0.04 e 0.03 -

8.31 8.27 8.27 - e 0.01 0.01 e 0.00 0.01 e 0.03 -

8.26 8.23 8.23 - e 0.00 - e 0.00 0.00 e 0.03 -

8.74 8.68 8.68 - e 0.04 - e 0.00 0.04 e 0.03 -

8.27 8.22 8.22 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.01 -

14.74 14.59 15.21 -9.75 19.17 17.55 22.79 -0.98 -

-0.85 -0.33 -0.31 -12.93 -17.65 -4.77 -11.57 -

2.95 3.28 -

4.39 3.85 0.62 e 0.06 0.06 e - e -

4.05 3.01 0.98 e 0.06 0.06 e - e 0.01

4.70 3.16 1.47 e 0.07 0.05 e 0.02 e 0.00

4.39 3.05 1.29 e 0.05 0.04 e 0.02 e 0.00

4.70 3.11 1.56 e 0.03 0.03 e - e 0.00

4.42 3.06 1.35 0.00

3.36 1.33 -

0.04 -1.26 4.44 -

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

0.07 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 -

0.05 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 -

0.05 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 -

0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 -

0.06 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.03 -

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 -

0.12 -0.95 -1.23 -

-5.48 -11.08 7.21 6.29 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.223

NETHERLANDS 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

40.99 65.34 61.49

63.99 138.04 126.93

71.37 .. 103.23

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

57.76 105.55 71.09 .. 68.25

62.94 131.85 133.96 .. 113.74

62.74 154.34 131.18 .. 97.42

.. .. x 156.50 129.53

.. .. x 255.43 ..

.. .. x 295.94 ..

.. .. x 323.99 347.39

.. .. x 416.14 418.14

.. .. x 279.91 388.98

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

40.25 89.46 77.63

57.72 173.60 147.20

58.95 .. 109.63

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

56.72 100.69 97.33 .. 86.17

56.77 115.53 168.47 .. 131.91

51.82 123.84 151.08 .. 103.46

.. .. x 236.75 180.69

.. .. x 286.69 ..

.. .. x 328.86 ..

.. .. x 329.76 326.05

.. .. x 396.87 367.73

.. .. x 280.92 359.98

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

4.20 3.52 .. .. 0.01 0.66

7.32 6.38 3.15 3.23 0.11 0.84

16.78 16.19 4.51 11.68 0.05 0.54

20.09 19.47 4.76 14.71 0.03 0.59

18.61 18.12 4.88 13.24 0.03 0.46

21.13 20.46 4.46 16.00 0.03 0.64

23.28 22.58 4.27 18.31 0.04 0.67

18.82 18.42 4.20 14.21 0.02 0.39

17.27 17.18 2.98 14.19 0.01 0.08

1.99 1.07 .. .. 0.93

2.02 1.33 0.04 1.30 0.68

3.26 2.31 2.31 0.00 0.95

8.66 8.10 0.92 7.18 0.00 0.56

6.73 6.37 0.23 6.14 0.36

9.55 8.63 0.04 8.59 0.92

10.62 10.04 10.04 0.57

6.59 6.36 0.02 6.33 0.23

4.06 3.99 0.03 3.96 0.07

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.224 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

5038

11607

17440

17134

22539

22844

26035

21157

19906

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2853 961 89 782 376 644 1

4169 1027 35 6 455 315 7 2255 48

4603 449 426 462 98 3110 4

4936 432 514 15 368 2378 10

4864 1902 366 319 1621 1

4558 1437 607 1 1274 -

4366 1097 610 1237 11

4297 579 584 1667 71

3049 299 258 1550 408

-

21 -

1 6 46 1 -

16 214 989 -

10 441 204 -

384 815 40 -

326 26 1059 -

248 17 1023 20 88

534 -

2185 529 55 62 703 264 166 14 10

7438 1898 141 64 155 949 2 3105 68

12837 5176 72 1043 3023 237

12198 2293 34 795 9 2731 76

17675 1110 19 1246 9 1242 365

18286 390 2 29 237 16 163 210

21669 660 169 21 136 1087 1052

16860 256 91 96 61 1389 772

16857 313 67 2 2 520 1078

309 57 16

1 162 878 10 5

152 1514 133 1436 32 19 -

462 2450 1034 2167 41 79 20 7

271 4989 2644 5287 174 90 157 72

62 5923 3152 6430 1419 141 92 20

48 7500 1866 6838 2081 108 103 -

201 5634 1186 4418 2715 41 -

6 7910 674 4292 1973 10 10 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.225

NETHERLANDS 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

13

103

-

8

938

45

-

23

28

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

13 13 -

103 72 9 3 19 -

-

8 8 -

938 10 928 -

27 4 23 -

-

23 23 -

15 15 -

-

-

-

-

-

18 18

-

-

13 13

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.226 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

475

1336

2512

3218

8621

9813

11882

7505

4704

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

475 231 9 228 5 2 -

1296 222 23 45 67 216 41 96 10 123 158 295 -

2448 469 2 2 261 1410 48 7 3 26 7 213 -

3199 168 333 2466 5 8 22 5 60 2 130 -

8590 1 148 318 7466 3 53 315 19 267 -

9703 1 36 41 95 7 1532 7315 60 48 45 9 7 165 14 39 11 278 -

11837 59 27 138 937 9770 67 15 65 6 50 146 13 16 8 520 -

7404 79 147 1248 5132 50 3 20 56 165 157 15 21 311 -

4693 42 7 57 996 3182 51 26 103 2 4 70 153 -

-

40 40

64 61 3 -

-

-

110 16 13 81

45 15 3 1 26

101 5 11 15 25 45

11 6 5

-

-

-

19

31

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.227

NETHERLANDS 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

60.87

53.77

46.87

78.99

104.06

125.70

125.84

187.06

182.14

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

60.19 59.41 .. 60.71 51.33 46.96 50.24 47.62 ..

56.87 54.78 .. 55.46 57.65 39.24 .. .. 33.59

48.55 45.10 .. 45.45 50.32 43.08 32.01 .. ..

86.94 76.24 .. .. 86.30 .. 76.73 .. 68.97

101.15 100.14 .. .. 108.36 352.78 130.59 .. 95.25

126.33 143.55 .. .. 127.21 127.00 .. .. 88.14

127.31 131.67 .. .. 128.72 269.39 .. .. 91.41

191.72 220.98 .. .. 159.55 242.43 .. .. 155.18

235.19 214.60 .. .. 152.33 .. .. .. 128.98

Steam coal(3)

52.25

43.89

29.54

55.09

68.86

68.57

79.12

133.50

98.82

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

52.28 .. .. 55.66 54.91 51.46 51.72 43.71 47.99

42.39 .. .. 46.60 49.37 42.61 40.75 41.63 58.39

31.26 29.97 .. 30.39 31.13 30.20 28.38 30.08 30.10

70.15 103.25 .. 70.15 53.90 62.91 54.89 52.22 74.07

106.55 144.61 .. 304.89 76.01 77.09 65.86 65.31 67.64

108.34 145.81 .. 61.40 100.13 .. 62.25 64.04 76.60

102.57 94.31 .. 75.83 88.56 .. 78.24 75.31 79.08

147.93 139.51 .. 161.93 141.08 .. 136.04 130.98 116.75

198.55 .. 132.46 120.11 121.93 .. 94.29 94.06 93.91

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.228 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 140

30

120

25

100 20 80 15

60

10

40

5

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6.0

3.5

5.0

3.0 2.5

4.0

2.0 3.0 1.5 2.0

1.0

1.0

0.5 05

0.0

0.0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 50

40

45

35

40

Other transformation

2008

30

35 30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10 5

5

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.229

NEW ZEALAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

11.46 1.80 5.96 0.40 1.76 1.53 -

12.84 1.46 5.73 1.13 0.74 2.33 1.46 -

18.14 1.62 5.02 5.57 0.78 2.85 2.25 0.05

23.84 1.49 8.16 7.22 1.23 3.00 2.66 0.01 0.05

23.84 2.20 8.79 5.21 1.46 2.90 3.10 0.12 0.05

24.19 2.42 8.81 4.91 1.48 2.74 3.66 0.14 0.04

25.83 2.31 8.99 5.07 1.98 2.97 4.28 0.19 0.04

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.74 -0.64 -1.01 16.69 2.88 2.32 -

1.61 2.26 3.18 -0.69 3.60 -0.21 2.72 -1.61

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 33 0.35 3.0 3.86 77.9 196.4 73.8 19 ..

1980 33 0.39 3.1 4.08 86.2 156.6 89.4 23 73.8

1990 40 0.46 3.5 5.20 101.2 144.5 105.7 32 82.9

2000 53 0.45 3.9 6.15 100.0 100.0 100.0 39 100.0

2007 67 0.36 4.3 5.59 78.7 116.3 86.8 44 111.3

2008 66 0.37 4.3 5.62 80.7 129.1 87.3 44 110.4

2009e 66 0.39 4.3 5.95 86.3 123.5 .. 43 101.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.17 2.90 1.55 -1.25 0.95 1.18 1.77 0.43 1.55 -1.25 -1.79 -0.62 2.13 -1.05 3.32 1.71 1.60

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 1.53 0.07 -

0.18 1.36 0.10 -

0.55 1.35 0.08 -

1.72 1.51 0.10 -

1.99 1.92 0.13 -

2.37 1.64 0.12 -

1.91 1.74 0.12 -

38.38 -1.01 0.89 -

8.43 1.08 2.27 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 2.01 0.15 -

0.17 1.76 0.21 -

0.58 1.85 0.16 -

1.64 2.00 0.21 -

1.92 2.65 0.26 -

2.36 2.29 0.25 -

1.90 2.40 0.26 -

39.12 -0.70 0.54 -

8.13 1.21 2.57 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.230 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

8.39 1.24 4.99 0.20 1.96 -

9.87 1.15 5.17 0.52 0.63 2.40 -

13.28 1.35 5.63 1.85 0.64 0.39 3.41 -

18.27 0.86 7.44 4.35 0.99 0.32 4.29 -

17.67 0.82 8.58 2.00 1.19 0.33 0.01 4.73 -

17.81 0.83 8.62 2.05 1.22 0.33 0.01 4.74 -

17.74 0.88 8.49 2.07 1.24 0.33 0.01 4.72 -

2.74 0.48 0.72 13.84 3.33 -

1.62 -2.35 2.30 0.64 3.71 -0.85 1.81 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.81 0.98 1.06 0.07 0.69 -

3.44 0.78 0.87 0.38 0.46 0.94 -

4.56 1.17 0.39 0.76 0.55 0.31 1.37 -

4.50 0.70 0.45 0.71 0.71 0.19 1.73 -

4.94 0.62 0.54 0.87 0.92 0.20 1.80 -

5.15 0.64 0.61 0.95 0.94 0.20 1.81 -

5.18 0.67 0.70 0.90 0.96 0.20 1.75 -

2.89 1.04 -5.72 14.70 4.12 -

0.71 -3.06 3.26 0.97 3.16 -2.52 1.35 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.77 2.77 -

3.27 0.00 3.26 0.01

4.23 4.14 0.08

5.98 5.92 0.00

7.07 7.00 0.01

7.11 7.04 0.01

6.78 6.71 0.01

2.51 2.40 -

2.66 2.72 -13.57

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 1.29 0.22 0.11 0.04

0.00 1.45 0.19 0.04 0.06

0.01 1.60 0.05 0.02 0.11

0.05 1.92 0.03 0.06 0.16

0.06 2.14 0.02 0.08 0.20

0.06 2.09 0.02 0.09 0.17

0.07 2.03 0.01 0.08 0.13

2.67 1.29 -8.17 -10.85 5.92

12.81 1.33 -8.46 9.61 1.13

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.91 0.73 0.34 0.09

0.17 e 0.99 1.01 0.17 0.36 0.07

0.09 e 0.08 1.26 1.15 0.08 0.23 0.15

0.28 0.00 1.39 1.62 0.11 0.14 0.44

0.27 0.00 0.01 1.55 1.56 0.12 0.12 0.15

0.27 0.00 0.01 1.53 1.60 0.13 0.13 0.14

0.26 0.00 0.01 1.53 1.68 0.14 0.21 0.10

1.91 2.70 -2.28 3.05

6.14 -15.78 1.07 2.09 3.05 -0.38 -2.13

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.30 0.34 0.34 -

0.00 0.41 0.31 0.31 -

0.00 0.69 1.20 0.45 0.75

0.01 0.13 0.80 3.46 0.44 3.03

0.01 0.13 1.03 1.16 0.45 0.71

0.01 0.13 1.06 1.13 0.41 0.73

0.01 0.13 1.07 1.34 0.46 0.88

4.95 7.63 1.61 -

11.11 2.49 0.62 0.12 0.90

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.231

NEW ZEALAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

1.8 -0.0 -0.0

1.6 -0.1 -0.1

2.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.1

3.3 -1.6 -0.2

4.0 0.6 -2.1 -0.3

4.1 0.5 -2.6 0.4

3.8 0.5 -2.1 0.1

0.4 14.7 x

4.2 26.4 12.3 x

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.5

2.2

2.4

2.3

-0.6

2.3

Statistical difference

-

-0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.6

-0.2

-0.3

-0.7

-1.3

-1.9

..

-3.5

10.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-0.5 -0.5 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1

-0.7 -0.3 -0.3

-1.1 -0.9 -0.2

-1.7 -1.5 -0.2

.. .. ..

-3.2 -6.2 -

10.0 12.5 2.7

Gas works

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-0.2 -0.2 0.0 -

-0.2 -0.2 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use

-

-0.0

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

..

-

-

Losses

-

-0.0

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

1.2

1.1

1.4

0.9

0.8

0.9

..

0.5

-2.3

1.0 0.1 -

0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1

1.2 -

0.7 -

0.6 -

0.7 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.0 -

-3.1 -

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.3 0.2

0.4 0.2 0.2

0.2 0.1 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.0

.. .. ..

-2.2 -8.2

0.9 3.1 -8.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.232 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

2.04 0.59 0.59 0.05 0.08 0.83 0.18 0.12 0.03 0.49 0.45 -

1.78 0.39 0.23 0.16 1.30 1.30 0.10 -

1.78 0.85 0.43 0.42 0.77 0.77 0.13 -

3.94 2.41 2.41 0.76 0.52 0.52 0.14 -

3.91 2.28 2.28 0.76 0.55 0.55 0.16 -

2.83 1.17 1.17 0.77 0.59 0.59 0.16 -

3.20 1.96 1.96 0.74 0.61 0.61 0.18 -

-1.10 -3.45 -7.50 3.87 8.45 -11.72 -

3.30 9.42 12.59 -4.11 -4.11 3.20 -

-

0.22 0.16 0.16 0.02 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.13 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.04 -

0.21 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.13 0.08 -

0.26 0.01 0.01 0.18 0.18 0.08 -

0.28 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.22 0.06 -

0.28 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.22 0.06 -

0.26 0.02 0.02 0.23 0.23 0.05 -

0.26 0.02 0.02 0.27 0.27 0.05 -

3.89 3.10 7.73 5.52 -

1.17 2.13 2.13 4.32 4.32 -2.58 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.233

NEW ZEALAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

36.23 c 90.62 .. ..

41.62 c 162.81 .. ..

c c 157.65 .. 61.47

c c 155.06 .. 46.55

c c 290.24 .. 129.14

c c 268.54 330.60 145.45

c c 295.36 360.75 162.36

c c 393.95 .. ..

c c 308.05 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(New Zealand dollars / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

34.00 c 126.00 .. ..

41.75 c 242.00 .. ..

c c 382.76 .. 132.62

c c 494.68 .. 131.94

c c 596.71 .. 235.90

c c 599.04 737.46 288.28

c c 581.68 710.45 284.12

c c 812.59 .. ..

c c 713.19 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

.. .. -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

0.80 0.80 0.80 -

0.90 0.90 0.90 -

0.55 0.55 0.01 0.54 0.00 -

0.45 0.45 0.01 0.44 0.00 -

0.51 0.51 0.00 0.51 -

0.03 .. .. 0.03

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

0.32 0.32 0.32 -

1.60 1.60 1.60 -

2.41 2.41 2.41 -

2.79 2.79 2.79 -

2.09 2.09 2.09 -

2.57 2.57 2.57 -

2.09 2.09 2.04 0.05 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.234 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

11

315

336

1334

1529

2720

2014

2561

2034

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

11 11 -

308 308 -

285 30 243 12 -

721 123 517 7 35 39

940 122 687 85 46 -

1216 e 1216 e -

-

7 7 -

51 51 -

382 276 106 -

589 185 313 91 -

1504 526 545 433 -

-

-

-

231

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

e e

e e

431 e 431 e 1583 556 579 448 -

e e

e e

393 e 393 e -

-

511 117 208 186 -

-

1657

e e

e

e

2034

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.235

NORWAY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 50

140

45

120

40 100

35 30

80

25

60

20 15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 4.5

1.8

4.0

1.6

3.5

1.4

3.0

1.2

2.5

1.0

2.0

0.8

1.5

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 160

45

140

40 35

120

30

100

25 80 20 60

15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.236 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

20.37 1.30 10.76 8.95 -0.64 -

26.17 1.44 12.44 1.24 0.84 10.27 -0.06 -

30.00 1.23 11.52 2.82 1.47 14.88 -1.95 0.03

36.95 1.54 12.79 5.92 1.95 17.07 0.00 -2.34 0.03

39.22 1.08 13.94 6.95 1.89 16.42 0.11 -1.23 0.06

42.39 1.10 16.78 6.94 1.94 17.15 0.11 -1.70 0.07

37.87 0.80 12.74 7.85 1.88 15.51 0.12 -1.10 0.07

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.30 -0.31 0.40 3.04 6.81 -

1.94 -0.62 2.11 5.13 1.54 0.79 -0.76 5.51

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 67 0.30 4.0 5.14 138.4 212.5 139.3 73 32.1

1980 91 0.29 4.1 6.40 130.6 172.5 126.0 84 45.9

1990 117 0.26 4.2 7.07 116.8 115.5 127.2 122 71.0

2000 168 0.22 4.5 8.23 100.0 100.0 100.0 140 100.0

2007 197 0.20 4.7 8.33 90.5 59.7 86.2 136 92.5

2008 201 0.21 4.8 8.89 96.1 60.1 85.3 142 92.9

2009e 199 0.19 4.8 7.91 86.5 44.1 .. 132 89.3

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.33 3.05 -0.99 -1.08 0.40 0.65 1.89 1.28 -0.99 -1.08 -3.52 -3.56 -0.53 -2.20 3.05 0.85 4.79 1.51

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.23 0.18 -

0.16 0.13 -

0.29 -

0.61 -

3.83 -

3.15 -

2.53 -

4.31 -

14.15 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.23 0.18 -

0.16 0.13 -

0.30 -

0.63 -

4.00 -

3.28 -

2.64 -

4.68 -

14.15 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.237

NORWAY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

19.08 1.16 10.44 0.01 7.47 -

22.83 1.24 11.56 0.01 0.84 9.19 -

24.91 1.11 10.52 1.28 11.89 0.11

28.28 1.36 10.72 0.85 1.71 13.46 0.18

29.12 0.80 12.18 1.10 1.52 13.19 0.32

29.81 0.91 12.48 0.99 1.48 13.59 0.35

29.85 0.94 12.12 1.22 1.50 13.70 0.38

1.58 -0.27 0.04 2.78 -

1.01 -0.88 0.79 0.89 0.79 7.26

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.34 1.08 2.69 0.00 4.57 -

9.19 1.19 2.83 0.00 0.26 4.91 -

8.62 1.09 1.33 0.55 5.63 0.02

9.91 1.36 1.09 0.25 0.85 6.34 0.03

9.45 0.80 1.63 0.28 0.57 6.13 0.04

9.39 0.91 1.47 0.26 0.61 6.10 0.04

9.55 0.94 1.44 0.30 0.62 6.20 0.04

0.19 0.07 -4.08 1.23 -

0.57 -0.81 0.47 0.67 0.54 2.97

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.28 3.21 -

4.13 4.05 -

4.87 4.79 -

5.80 5.72 0.00

6.54 6.44 0.01

6.86 6.71 0.06

6.78 6.62 0.07

2.35 2.37 -

1.86 1.81 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.06 2.68 0.08 0.63 0.01

0.08 4.55 0.04 1.17 0.00

0.08 5.15 0.01 0.64 -

0.08 5.46 0.00 0.35 0.00

0.01 0.08 5.45 0.00 0.34 0.00

0.01 0.08 5.48 0.29 0.01

0.01 0.08 5.41 0.24 0.00

1.33 3.92 -12.22 0.15 -

0.25 0.28 -5.40 -

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.96 0.82 0.01 0.00

0.57 2.77 2.33 0.98 -

0.74 3.72 0.04 2.92 0.49 -

0.82 4.26 0.03 3.03 0.34 0.00

0.91 4.13 0.06 3.21 0.33 0.02

0.83 4.29 0.07 3.49 0.32 0.02

0.84 4.24 0.09 3.53 0.30 0.03

3.84 7.72 22.95 -

0.75 0.73 5.24 1.06 -2.72 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.81 1.58 1.58 -

1.35 2.24 2.24 -

2.38 0.05 2.63 2.63 -

0.04 2.53 0.13 2.98 2.38 0.60

0.03 2.60 0.22 3.26 2.50 0.76

0.03 2.87 0.25 3.43 2.81 0.62

0.03 2.92 0.25 3.48 2.69 0.79

6.55 3.03 3.03 -

1.14 9.62 1.57 0.12 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.238 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

0.4 1.0 -0.1 0.1

0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.0

0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.0

0.6 1.4 -0.6 0.1

3.8 1.0 -3.2 -0.5

3.1 1.1 -3.2 0.1

2.5 0.7 -2.3 -0.1

-2.1 1.3 3.9 x

14.2 -0.7 15.2 x

Primary supply

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.5

1.1

1.1

0.8

-0.3

-0.6

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

..

-1.2

0.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. ..

3.5 3.5 -

0.9 0.9 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e 0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -1.4 -

0.9 0.9 -

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.4

0.9

0.9

..

-0.3

-0.9

1.1 0.8 e 0.1 0.1 -

1.2 0.9 e 0.2 0.1 -

1.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0

1.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 -

0.9 0.4 e 0.3 0.2 -

0.9 0.4 e 0.3 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 -0.6 3.4 1.5 -

-0.8 -3.2 3.4 2.2 -

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

-

.. .. ..

-9.9 -12.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.239

NORWAY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

0.42 0.02 0.02 0.35 0.25 0.10 0.00 0.01 -

0.75 0.02 0.02 0.74 0.48 0.11 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.01 -

1.04 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.47 0.22 0.27 0.00 0.00 -

0.80 0.03 0.03 0.69 0.31 0.19 0.19 -

0.64 0.03 0.03 0.59 0.28 0.11 0.19 0.00 -

0.68 0.03 0.03 0.64 0.25 0.19 0.21 -

0.70 0.02 0.02 0.67 0.27 0.21 0.20 -

5.00 0.84 0.84 6.54 5.75 1.12 3.44 -2.93 -

-0.41 0.26 0.26 -0.57 -3.24 3.44 2.00 -

0.41 0.41 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.240 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

39.79 .. 70.70 .. x

62.32 116.19 141.87 .. x

53.13 93.32 217.89 .. x

.. x x 249.16 x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Norwegian crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

200 .. 528 .. x

295 550 998 .. x

319 560 1943 .. x

.. x x 3123 x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.96 0.40 .. .. 0.56

1.25 0.74 0.27 0.47 0.52

1.20 0.68 0.68 0.52

1.41 0.88 0.88 0.53

1.01 0.64 0.64 0.37

0.89 0.51 0.51 0.38

1.01 0.58 0.58 0.43

1.06 0.62 0.62 0.44

0.68 0.41 0.41 0.27

0.13 0.08 .. .. 0.05

0.13 0.09 0.09 0.03

0.25 0.24 0.24 0.00

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.00

1.60 1.60 1.60 0.00

2.17 2.17 2.17 -

3.23 3.23 3.23 -

3.19 3.19 3.19 -

2.30 2.30 2.30 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.241

NORWAY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

450

917

713

930

919

528

610

643

424

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

187 125 62 -

215 134 32 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

49 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

263 2 55 29 77 46 38

702 2 99 141 19 191 191

713 32 48 87 181 151 99

930 49 59 195 153 103 143

919 64 151 169 21 291

528 38 166 21 140

610 3 35 157 72 5 184

643 72 155 44 89 162

424 9 32 85 94 16 58

16 -

43 14 2 -

4 9 97 5 -

155 8 9 52 1 3

36 102 82 3 -

6 72 76 9 -

17 98 33 3 3 -

68 2 50 1

65 56 9 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.242 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

77

235

254

180

574

2266

3371

3331

2397

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

76 75 1 -

235 1 44 69 2 21 2 92 4 -

253 2 50 87 4 46 3 61 -

179 22 86 57 3 10 1 -

570 156 50 330 7 2 25 -

2266 129 46 111 1693 73 7 143 64

3371 324 2275 104 19 219 398 32

3331 2 340 66 137 2149 76 9 71 105 227 6 143 -

2397 28 158 173 1552 245 241 -

-

-

-

1 1 -

4 2 2

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.243

POLAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

140

180

120

160 100

140 120

80

100

60

80 60

40

40

20

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 200

160

180

140

160

120

140 120

100

100

80

80

60

60 40

40

20

20 0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

500

160

450

140

400 350

120

300

100

250 80

200

60

150

40

100

20

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.244 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

132.68 106.71 15.26 8.94 1.81 0.18 -0.22 -

180.89 142.57 23.79 12.53 1.74 0.29 -0.03 -

147.29 112.67 18.62 12.77 3.18 0.17 -0.13 -

127.31 80.43 27.36 14.22 5.81 0.26 0.00 0.00 -0.78 -

138.56 79.62 33.84 17.68 7.72 0.29 0.01 0.06 -0.66 -

139.83 78.21 35.05 17.92 8.42 0.26 0.02 0.10 -0.15 -

133.66 73.34 34.08 17.53 8.53 0.30 0.02 0.14 -0.27 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.62 0.32 1.18 2.12 3.37 -0.16 -3.02 -

-0.29 -2.01 3.58 1.90 5.55 2.35 0.90 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 103 1.29 33.4 3.98 173.6 221.0 98.4 84 ..

e e

e e e

1980 119 1.52 35.6 5.08 204.5 255.2 124.1 121 ..

e e

e e e

1990 118 1.25 38.0 3.87 167.7 203.0 141.4 134 61.6

2000 171 0.74 38.3 3.33 100.0 100.0 100.0 143 100.0

2007 226 0.61 38.1 3.64 82.4 75.0 87.9 159 159.5

2008 237 0.59 38.1 3.67 79.2 70.1 86.2 156 163.8

2009e 245 0.55 38.1 3.51 73.4 63.7 .. 151 157.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.82 3.95 -0.20 -4.08 0.77 0.01 -0.15 -0.30 -0.20 -4.08 -0.50 -5.73 2.16 -2.71 2.81 0.82 5.58

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

41.12 125.04 11.03 -

31.71 130.32 9.90 -

28.99 93.12 19.27 -

17.24 67.30 17.32 -

13.72 58.50 17.05 -

12.13 56.71 18.18 -

8.61 54.49 17.40 -

-2.87 -2.43 4.76 -

-4.73 -2.72 -0.32 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

40.85 151.78 41.01 -

31.50 161.63 36.87 -

28.79 118.94 67.58 -

17.22 86.11 59.48 -

13.64 74.68 57.54 -

12.02 72.32 59.67 -

8.54 69.50 57.11 -

-2.87 -2.01 4.25 -

-4.74 -2.73 -0.69 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.245

POLAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

86.50 39.99 12.80 7.78 1.16 7.16 17.62

111.44 44.66 18.58 10.94 1.09 10.45 25.73

88.33 24.84 15.82 11.28 2.33 11.82 22.23

83.16 19.00 25.01 11.64 5.55 0.00 12.12 9.84

92.40 17.53 29.92 14.35 6.69 0.02 0.00 13.65 10.25

92.99 16.80 31.22 14.36 6.60 0.01 0.00 14.07 9.92

93.60 17.15 31.42 14.58 6.83 0.02 0.00 14.48 9.12

0.12 -2.76 1.25 2.21 4.19 3.00 1.38

0.32 -2.04 3.89 1.43 6.16 1.13 -4.83

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

37.49 13.46 2.08 5.18 0.24 4.68 11.85

46.00 14.24 2.95 6.12 0.44 6.40 15.85

33.23 9.55 1.34 3.77 0.97 5.25 12.34

25.05 10.76 2.60 3.24 1.41 4.97 2.07

23.22 6.57 2.21 4.20 2.13 5.26 2.85

23.89 6.88 2.01 4.40 2.12 5.63 2.85

22.18 6.53 1.83 4.33 1.80 5.44 2.25

-0.71 -2.00 -2.53 -1.85 8.70 0.68 0.24

-2.22 -2.09 1.72 0.78 3.48 0.19 -9.02

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

12.81 5.23 7.16 -

13.11 2.57 9.94 -

10.38 0.25 9.46 -

13.59 12.93 0.09

19.11 18.07 0.46

21.02 19.99 0.43

22.39 20.84 0.48

-1.23 -16.42 1.65 -

4.36 4.49 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.43 19.71 13.14 e 0.17 0.88

0.59 28.81 17.58 e 0.25 2.06

0.67 25.73 9.46 e 0.06 4.27

0.57 24.55 6.10 1.27 4.36

0.14 0.44 27.67 8.26 1.36 4.73

0.15 0.45 26.27 7.50 1.38 4.53

0.63 0.44 26.42 7.98 1.14 4.49

2.74 1.58 -1.91 -6.21 9.73

-2.37 0.15 -0.94 18.00 0.27

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.81 0.67 4.03 7.90 6.00 e 0.22

0.56 1.32 7.05 10.93 7.96 e 0.49

1.17 2.48 8.28 8.01 4.00 e 0.48

3.24 0.00 2.58 6.99 7.09 0.75 0.56 1.32

3.56 0.01 3.25 6.48 9.79 1.10 0.97 2.15

3.48 0.01 3.24 6.14 9.62 0.95 0.80 2.21

3.50 0.01 3.33 5.97 10.44 1.03 0.80 2.41

2.16 7.98 4.33 0.08 -2.35 4.78

6.26 1.64 -1.80 1.48 -7.24 9.37

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.09 0.88 0.71 4.60 1.03 2.10 1.47

0.03 2.37 1.13 6.02 0.27 3.01 2.74

0.32 0.00 3.41 0.74 6.22 0.11 3.49 2.62

0.17 0.00 0.00 4.51 0.89 7.18 0.03 4.39 2.76

0.20 0.00 0.00 4.57 0.89 7.19 0.08 4.37 2.74

0.25 0.00 0.00 5.07 0.87 7.02 0.07 4.14 2.81

-6.26 6.01 2.76 1.60 -7.66 2.14 3.75

12.56 4.32 -1.45 0.86 -6.84 1.79 0.13

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

0.06 1.18 1.24 6.50 0.60 3.64 2.26

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.246 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

143.9 1.2 -38.5 0.2

171.9 1.0 -30.4 0.0

141.4 0.6 -29.3 0.0

101.9 1.5 -24.8 1.9

89.3 5.5 -17.7 2.5

87.0 9.3 -14.4 -3.7

80.5 9.3 -13.0 -3.4

-0.1 -4.2 -1.6 x

-2.7 16.9 -3.9 x

Primary supply

106.7

142.6

112.7

80.4

79.6

78.2

73.3

0.3

-2.0

Statistical difference

-4.7

-9.7

-5.6

0.5

-0.8

-1.8

..

x

x

Total transformation

-59.2 e

-85.4 e

-80.2 e

-59.5

-59.4 e

-57.3 e

..

1.8

-1.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-52.9 e -36.7 e -16.2 e

-77.0 -53.6 -23.4

-74.9 -56.3 -18.6

-56.2 -53.4 -2.8

-57.0 -54.5 -2.4

-54.9 -53.4 -1.6

.. .. ..

2.1 2.5 0.8

-1.7 -0.3 -12.9

Gas works

-2.0 e

-1.7

-0.4

Coal transformation(2)

-4.3 e 0.0 -3.2 e -1.2 0.1

-6.8 e 0.0 -4.2 e -2.7 0.1

-4.9 e 0.0 -2.9 e -2.0 0.0

-

-

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-3.3 0.0 -1.9 -1.4 -

-

-

..

-9.7

-

-2.4 e -1.8 e -0.7 -

-2.3 e -1.5 e -0.9 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.8 -2.9 -0.5 2.9 -23.8

-4.0 -3.8 -4.5 -

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-2.8 e

-2.7

-2.0

-2.4

-2.5

-1.9

..

-2.1

-0.1

Losses

-0.0 e

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

40.0

44.7

24.8

19.0

16.8

17.1

..

-2.8

-2.0

13.5 2.6 e 0.7 5.2 0.1

14.2 3.4 e 0.7 4.9 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.0 0.6 -3.7 -3.2 -1.0

-2.1 -4.2 8.8 -4.1 8.6

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

9.6 2.9 e 0.4 3.0 0.1

10.8 3.1 1.8 2.1 0.5

6.9 1.7 e 1.1 1.7 0.3

6.5 1.3 e 1.7 1.4 0.3

5.2

2.6

0.2

-

-

-

..

-16.4

-

20.3 6.0 e 13.1 e

27.3 8.0 e 17.6 e

14.8 4.0 e 9.5 e

8.1 0.7 6.1

9.8 0.9 7.5

10.5 1.0 8.0

.. .. ..

-1.8 -2.4 -1.9

-1.9 -7.2 -0.9

1.0

0.6

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-7.7

-6.8

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.247

POLAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

127.71 84.76 57.61 27.15 1.64 1.49 9.35 0.11 0.36 5.05 0.08 3.76 25.23 0.04

102.10 77.55 55.18 22.38 0.08 0.38 6.74 0.05 0.32 3.19 0.07 3.11 14.60 0.01

70.04 51.63 48.60 3.03 9.70 0.79 2.17 2.30 0.68 3.76 8.10 0.01

69.28 50.82 47.98 2.84 5.61 0.26 1.23 1.28 0.55 2.29 8.99 0.09

73.15 53.03 50.09 2.95 5.44 0.36 1.18 1.34 0.49 2.08 10.12 0.02

71.69 52.83 50.51 2.31 5.74 0.32 1.21 1.84 0.40 1.98 9.61 0.09

69.66 48.79 47.48 1.31 5.96 0.19 2.03 1.61 0.35 1.79 10.10 0.09

-1.85 -0.74 -0.36 -1.60 -22.50 -10.73 -2.69 -6.00 -0.96 -3.75 -1.35 -1.55 -4.46 -7.78

-2.10 -2.54 -0.83 -14.59 -0.68 7.67 10.85 -3.72 9.44 -3.04 -2.02 11.09

25.85 .. .. .. 25.30 1.17 .. .. .. .. -

18.13 .. .. .. 18.21 0.16 .. .. .. .. -

13.33 0.05 0.00 0.05 12.26 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 -

11.16 0.08 0.08 11.24 -

12.98 0.08 0.08 12.80 -

13.64 0.12 0.12 13.53 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00

13.01 0.14 0.03 0.11 13.09 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00 -

-2.91 -2.70 -15.08 -

-1.82 -1.82 -

37.71 36.91 36.45 0.46 0.26 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.06 -

67.39 66.92 66.46 0.46 0.23 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.00

59.49 59.11 59.10 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.14 -

61.59 61.08 61.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.23 -

60.80 60.23 60.23 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.25 -

57.53 56.90 56.90 0.00 0.23 -

59.65 58.65 58.65 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.25 0.00

4.96 5.08 5.13 -0.05 -0.87 10.42 -4.76 2.43 0.54 -7.48 -

-0.68 -0.73 -0.69 -9.04 -4.49 -16.19 7.96 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.248 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

3.31 .. ..

17.03 61.62 ..

38.86 80.55 ..

65.19 181.87 ..

69.75 220.42 ..

79.21 253.10 ..

110.19 347.98 ..

112.62 254.60 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 35.19

.. .. 61.62 .. 63.43

48.83 39.10 80.60 .. 103.47

71.39 114.57 181.87 213.05 174.75

81.68 94.24 220.42 263.98 228.85

96.83 111.17 253.10 305.95 291.69

135.19 221.50 347.98 453.21 413.56

119.04 125.60 254.60 330.66 336.54

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Polish zlotys / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

0.000 .. ..

0.011 0.082 ..

0.123 0.490 ..

0.154 0.823 ..

0.160 0.957 ..

0.160 0.979 ..

0.191 1.173 ..

0.253 1.111 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 0.000

.. .. 0.082 .. 0.077

0.167 0.170 0.490 .. 0.578

0.198 0.373 0.823 0.964 0.727

0.202 0.295 0.957 1.146 0.913

0.216 0.309 0.979 1.184 1.037

0.254 0.539 1.173 1.528 1.281

0.289 0.396 1.111 1.443 1.350

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

1.17 1.17 .. .. -

1.01 1.01 1.01 -

0.56 0.56 0.56 -

1.46 1.44 1.27 0.17 0.02

3.08 2.92 0.62 2.31 0.15

4.80 4.65 1.44 3.22 0.00 0.15

5.51 5.35 2.29 3.06 0.00 0.16

9.28 9.17 3.53 5.63 0.01 0.11

9.28 9.21 2.23 6.98 0.01 0.07

38.55 34.32 .. .. 1.37 2.85

30.38 28.28 7.31 20.97 0.42 1.67

29.30 25.75 11.34 14.41 0.06 3.49

24.75 21.23 5.33 15.89 0.00 3.53

21.63 16.78 3.19 13.60 0.00 4.85

22.35 15.85 3.65 12.20 6.50

17.68 11.18 2.39 8.79 6.50

14.38 8.12 1.70 6.42 0.00 6.26

13.04 8.04 1.74 6.29 0.02 4.98

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.249

POLAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

1044

1052

560

1497

1452

5271

5924

10331

10669

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1044 -

1052 -

560 -

1433 1301 2 -

1263 500 1

1422 1419 -

2268 1922 302 -

3500 63 1613 1648 -

2208 65 1020 963 -

1044

1052

560

130 -

736 26 -

3 -

40 4 -

146 30 -

58 98 4 -

-

-

-

64 26 -

189 11 94 6 1 2

3849 151 1 -

3656 139 8 2

6831 191 5 5 54 315

8461 630 5 1 11

-

-

-

5 27 6

4 7 13 51 -

10 80 3327 280 -

12 135 3042 318 -

9 359 167 5009 717 -

5 197 3 6974 635 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.250 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

16042

14450

11226

12296

5290

3601

2363

1683

1725

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

6619 .. 470 392 .. .. .. .. 1311 .. 54 .. .. .. 1525 429 .. .. .. 376 .. 125 .. 122 .. 1369 71 .. .. 375 ..

5025 .. 784 540 .. .. .. .. 185 82 .. .. .. .. 839 .. .. .. .. 315 .. 134 .. 125 .. 637 224 .. .. 1160 ..

2570 .. 566 105 .. .. .. 203 254 116 .. .. .. 2 158 .. .. .. .. 98 .. .. .. 40 .. 234 .. .. .. 794 ..

6200 1 247 78 871 9 534 633 303 437 3 17 10 757 156 110 1063 58 310 2 178 421 2

3649 599 214 717 72 131 266 323 53 669 7 494 100 4 -

3197 607 944 71 168 154 94 30 914 142 73 -

2363 608 1024 19 16 117 106 448 25 -

1651 411 941 96 203 -

1682 334 625 32 14 23 284 68 302 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2)

1472 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1472

3797 861 .. .. .. .. .. .. 861 .. .. 2075

4576 1249 .. .. 284 .. 100 .. 1249 .. .. 1694

6096 790 48 156 5102

1641 143 529 62 2 2 903

404 70 298 36

-

32 32

43 43

7951

5628

4080

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports

Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.251

POLAND 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

24064

21674

16839

19572

17955

13134

9537

6778

6648

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

16188 .. 260 105 .. 274 3078 4089 3441 2041 .. .. 331 1437 .. .. .. 264 .. .. .. 174 8 .. 41 645

15271 .. 949 59 .. 1378 2056 2407 883 2709 .. .. .. 735 1150 .. .. .. .. 949 .. .. 43 .. 379 1292 24 .. 258 ..

13038 .. 1202 242 .. 2282 972 2609 141 2583 .. .. .. 458 507 .. .. .. .. 1043 .. .. .. .. 16 732 1 .. 250 ..

14567 591 306 1874 3161 2556 95 2649 315 308 285 408 35 146 226 768 843 1

17117 1213 375 863 2214 1175 1336 6396 1 279 196 913 208 88 5 286 382 146 1040 1

13091 1293 291 945 516 513 692 6298 216 19 235 155 218 160 1 204 37 283 1015 -

9264 1230 1372 353 273 321 4328 143 255 6 70 134 169 39 294 277 -

6742 972 1 934 151 88 3655 116 266 2 124 151 26 59 197 -

6629 878 79 827 91 210 358 2642 54 240 165 66 2 200 5 59 176 577 -

29 .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 .. .. .. ..

23 .. .. .. .. .. 23 .. .. .. ..

34 .. .. .. 16 18 .. .. .. ..

4976 37 4939

838 1 16 3 818

43 43

273 247 26

36 5 31

19 19

7847

6380

3767

29

-

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.252 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 40

600

35

500

30 400 25 20

300

15

200

10 100 5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 60

70

50

60 50

40

40 30 30 20

20

10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.253

PORTUGAL 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

9.85 0.72 7.32 0.91 0.90 -0.00 -

14.27 0.61 11.42 1.03 0.98 0.00 0.22 -

23.91 3.94 15.29 3.54 1.13 0.00 0.02 0.00 -

35.25 5.44 21.30 2.90 3.96 1.39 0.10 0.05 0.11 -

35.81 4.12 18.77 5.44 4.51 1.24 0.28 0.54 0.92 -

34.51 3.61 17.50 5.91 4.47 0.84 0.26 0.76 1.16 -

34.07 4.05 16.18 6.02 4.98 1.01 0.24 1.00 0.59 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 5.35 10.47 4.43 8.30 1.32 -

2.06 -0.48 0.76 1.31 -1.64 25.29 23.93 36.05 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 50 0.20 8.7 1.13 63.5 30.3 48.4 10 39.7

1980 62 0.23 9.9 1.45 74.1 20.4 68.4 15 54.7

1990 85 0.28 10.0 2.39 90.2 96.3 81.6 28 87.1

2000 113 0.31 10.2 3.45 100.0 100.0 100.0 43 100.0

2007 122 0.29 10.6 3.38 94.2 70.3 118.4 47 96.2

2008 121 0.28 10.6 3.25 90.8 61.6 116.9 45 92.3

2009e 120 0.28 10.6 3.21 90.6 69.8 .. 49 84.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.20 2.02 2.09 0.04 0.81 0.34 4.51 1.71 2.09 0.04 7.05 -2.45 3.12 2.02 6.45 2.66 4.73 0.32

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.11 -

0.10 -

0.16 -

-

-

-

-

3.78 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.18 -

0.18 -

0.28 -

-

-

-

-

3.78 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.254 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

8.19 0.27 6.02 0.07 0.83 1.00 -

11.30 0.29 8.24 0.07 0.91 1.76 0.03

19.07 0.85 11.87 0.07 3.32 0.02 2.89 0.04

27.77 0.62 17.58 1.19 3.45 0.00 0.03 4.71 0.19

28.10 0.04 16.06 1.91 3.70 0.01 0.03 5.87 0.47

28.72 0.24 16.02 2.06 3.85 0.01 0.04 6.02 0.48

27.53 0.10 15.08 2.06 3.84 0.01 0.04 5.94 0.45

5.09 6.88 4.08 0.46 8.52 6.42 -

2.06 -11.12 1.34 20.26 0.80 5.81 4.08 14.34

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

3.32 0.20 2.03 0.00 0.46 0.63 -

4.76 0.28 3.00 0.00 0.44 1.01 0.03

6.65 0.85 2.58 1.68 1.50 0.04

8.89 0.62 3.38 0.94 1.81 1.96 0.18

8.03 0.04 2.05 1.38 1.94 2.17 0.45

8.26 0.24 1.87 1.48 2.00 2.21 0.46

7.91 0.10 1.76 1.45 1.99 2.16 0.43

4.17 8.98 1.40 7.97 5.26 -

0.97 -11.11 -2.09 0.95 2.05 14.07

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.28 0.03 2.23 -

3.23 0.00 3.20 -

4.63 4.60 -

8.53 8.49 0.00

9.13 8.96 0.01

9.09 8.82 0.02

9.07 8.81 0.02

4.26 4.35 -

3.80 3.68 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.03 1.15 0.05 0.50 0.03

0.03 1.47 0.00 0.56 0.03

0.04 3.26 0.00 0.83 0.06

0.04 4.01 0.97 0.14

0.10 0.06 4.57 0.95 0.29

0.19 0.06 4.59 0.89 0.31

0.18 0.06 4.46 0.79 0.33

2.09 6.30 -21.02 3.08 3.75

2.71 1.75 -0.28 10.00

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.37 0.21 0.36 0.20 0.02

0.47 0.40 0.62 0.01 0.29 0.01

1.64 0.01 0.73 0.86 0.00 0.24 0.02

1.64 0.02 1.24 0.01 1.99 0.48 0.10

1.66 0.02 1.65 0.01 3.09 0.96 0.22

1.66 0.02 1.70 0.01 3.15 0.95 0.24

1.66 0.03 1.65 0.01 2.79 0.55 0.26

9.13 7.73 5.26 0.95 -0.70

0.05 9.39 4.66 6.77 4.78 16.89

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.14 0.54 0.54 -

0.31 0.74 0.74 -

0.01 0.59 3.01 3.01 -

0.00 0.01 1.39 0.00 3.33 3.33 -

0.01 0.01 1.87 0.01 2.81 2.81 -

0.01 0.01 1.92 0.01 3.26 3.26 -

0.01 0.02 1.94 0.01 2.77 2.77 -

8.92 10.64 10.64 -

2.81 6.80 -0.44 -0.44 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.255

PORTUGAL 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.1

0.1 0.5 0.0

0.2 4.3 -0.0 -0.5

5.7 -0.1 -0.2

4.2 -0.0 -0.0

3.3 -0.0 0.3

4.4 -0.1 -0.3

-0.8 14.9 -2.2 x

-1.4 7.0 x

Primary supply

0.7

0.6

3.9

5.4

4.1

3.6

4.1

10.5

-0.5

Statistical difference

0.1

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.5 e

-0.3 e

-3.0 e

-4.8 e

-3.9

-3.5

..

11.7

0.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.3 -0.3 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-2.9 -2.9 -0.0

-4.6 -4.6 -0.1

-3.9 -3.9 -

-3.5 -3.5 -

.. .. ..

14.1 14.1 -

1.0 1.0 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.2 e -0.1 e -0.0 0.0

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -2.3 -0.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

0.5

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

x

x

0.3

0.3

0.8

0.6

0.2

0.1

..

6.9

-11.1

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.2 0.1 e 0.0 -

0.3 0.2 e 0.0 0.0 -

0.8 0.1 e 0.0 0.7 -

0.6 0.1 e 0.0 0.4 -

0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

9.0 0.9 26.6 -

-11.1 -12.4 2.0 -12.0 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other(7)

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-17.7 -21.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.256 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

0.21 0.17 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.03 -

4.08 3.26 3.26 0.82 0.01 0.81 0.00 0.00 -

5.66 5.17 5.17 0.48 0.48 -

5.48 5.44 5.44 0.02 0.02 -

5.47 5.42 5.42 0.04 0.02 0.01 -

4.74 4.44 4.44 0.28 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.00 -

4.16 4.03 4.03 0.11 0.01 0.02 0.08 -

28.21 27.90 27.90 29.73 6.99 32.70 -

0.10 1.19 1.19 -10.59 3.93 -12.04 -

0.42 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.06 0.06 0.01 -

0.31 0.31 -

0.50 0.49 -

-

-

-

-

-2.48 -0.59 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.257

PORTUGAL 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.26 48.18 x

44.39 94.94 x

58.90 76.31 x

34.67 108.41 ..

77.51 158.83 226.98

66.84 226.75 276.16

87.61 256.80 288.89

162.01 348.80 403.88

93.32 245.27 295.07

.. 175.90 54.80 .. x

.. 243.16 102.26 .. x

.. 52.51 131.62 .. x

37.98 31.67 161.36 170.14 ..

.. .. x 282.61 264.71

.. .. x 353.37 310.31

.. .. x 383.58 333.49

.. .. x 514.53 426.16

.. .. x 408.23 376.54

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

5.97 14.47 x

9.64 32.42 x

36.47 74.30 x

32.81 161.32 ..

54.42 175.35 234.93

46.46 247.84 282.98

55.78 257.09 271.14

96.65 327.20 355.18

58.58 242.12 273.07

.. 38.51 16.46 .. x

.. 60.53 34.92 .. x

.. 37.27 128.16 .. x

35.94 34.35 240.10 253.17 ..

.. .. x 312.00 273.98

.. .. x 386.25 317.98

.. .. x 384.02 313.01

.. .. x 482.66 374.78

.. .. x 402.99 348.47

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.41 0.37 .. .. 0.04

0.50 0.40 0.39 0.01 0.10

4.28 4.27 0.38 3.89 0.01

5.67 5.67 0.49 5.18 -

4.61 4.60 4.60 0.01

5.00 5.00 5.00 -

4.16 4.16 4.16 0.00

3.32 3.32 3.32 0.00

4.39 4.39 4.39 0.00

0.02 .. .. 0.02

-

0.01 0.01

0.08 0.08

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.258 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

412

1395

4669

6003

6367

5782

4782

3829

5061

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

404 8 122 3 257 -

356 125 231 -

377 162 40 20 155 -

540 191 212 110 27 -

487 289 198 -

-

-

-

-

14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8 3 -

1039 34 2 43 111 669 68

4292 177 1555 4

5463 265 1431 -

5880 343 19

5782 202 160

4782 389 223

3829 3 273 228

5061 1064 240

5 -

104 7 1

390 2112 54 -

727 2654 80 306 -

2846 156 2426 90 -

3239 473 1681 22 5 -

2403 60 1551 126 30 -

1873 154 1242 21 35 -

1894 1654 73 26 110 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.259

PORTUGAL 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

75.65

55.35

46.39

241.41

231.71

105.53

360.89

..

..

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. 73.86 .. 57.60 63.00 .. .. .. ..

51.91 56.95 .. 57.64 .. .. .. .. ..

.. 42.28 .. .. 50.09 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal(3)

54.62

44.77

29.35

59.36

64.49

58.25

77.76

139.87

80.41

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. 59.44 .. 54.07 49.05 45.19

44.95 .. .. 39.36 47.42 .. 42.91 44.07 42.86

.. .. .. 47.92 37.75 .. 26.97 29.80 40.29

60.28 .. .. .. 60.84 .. 63.88 55.05 ..

.. .. .. 61.53 62.53 .. 64.93 63.24 ..

.. .. .. .. 68.83 .. 58.48 56.56 ..

.. .. .. .. 91.17 .. 76.29 76.81 ..

.. .. .. .. 98.21 .. 134.97 157.27 ..

.. .. .. .. 85.92 .. 75.73 80.98 69.63

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.260 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 35

120

30

100

25

80

20

60

15 40 10 20 5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 35

60

30

50

25

Other transformation

2008

40

20 30 15 20

10

10

5

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.261

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

22.17 11.37 7.70 2.23 0.27 0.09 0.16 0.35 -

28.36 11.71 10.71 3.31 0.26 1.68 0.28 0.41 -

30.47 11.19 6.42 7.27 0.25 4.48 0.23 0.64 -

25.35 6.10 4.03 8.25 0.59 6.14 0.57 -0.33 -

25.50 5.72 5.06 7.27 0.90 5.78 0.55 0.01 0.00 0.21 0.00

26.15 5.73 5.21 7.38 0.98 6.29 0.50 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00

24.36 5.40 4.82 7.22 0.86 5.34 0.55 0.02 0.00 0.16 0.00

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.89 -0.10 -1.07 7.20 -0.47 26.15 2.09 3.62 -

-0.85 -3.65 -1.15 0.08 7.90 1.90 4.34 -11.99 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 14 1.61 4.6 4.78 129.5 276.1 82.8 12 ..

e e

e e e

1980 16 1.74 5.0 5.69 139.7 239.6 107.9 20 ..

e e

e e e

1990 19 1.61 5.3 5.75 129.6 197.7 114.7 25 112.2

e e

e e e

2000 20 1.24 5.4 4.69 100.0 100.0 100.0 31 100.0

2007 31 0.82 5.4 4.72 66.0 61.5 73.2 28 168.8

2008 33 0.79 5.4 4.84 63.7 58.0 69.5 29 177.1

2009e 32 0.77 5.4 4.51 61.9 57.0 .. 26 153.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.89 3.14 0.00 -3.87 0.78 0.11 1.10 -0.96 0.00 -3.87 -1.95 -6.59 1.93 -2.74 4.38 0.67 2.57

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.43 -

2.42 -

2.00 -

1.45 -

0.79 -

0.89 -

0.95 -

-1.62 -

-4.38 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

5.80 -

5.80 -

4.77 -

3.65 -

2.11 -

2.42 -

2.57 -

-1.63 -

-3.69 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.262 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

15.51 5.49 5.47 2.01 0.27 1.51 0.75

18.61 5.84 7.20 2.33 0.26 2.34 0.64

22.50 5.88 6.99 5.59 0.25 2.88 0.93

16.32 2.02 4.30 5.95 0.46 2.70 0.88

16.27 1.69 4.30 5.71 0.48 0.00 0.00 2.91 1.18

16.47 1.76 4.50 5.46 0.68 0.00 0.00 3.02 1.06

16.87 1.87 4.64 5.58 0.71 0.00 0.00 3.04 1.02

2.21 0.40 1.44 6.22 -0.47 3.85 1.22

-1.59 -6.15 -2.24 -0.01 6.01 0.31 0.54

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.06 3.80 2.07 0.88 0.27 1.02 0.03

9.06 2.50 4.03 0.65 0.26 1.58 0.02

8.69 2.71 1.96 1.90 0.25 1.84 0.03

5.19 1.60 0.31 1.60 0.46 1.20 0.03

5.09 1.45 0.36 1.36 0.37 1.46 0.09

5.23 1.40 0.36 1.40 0.49 1.50 0.09

5.21 1.38 0.38 1.35 0.45 1.54 0.10

0.45 -1.96 -0.31 4.67 -0.47 3.53 -0.84

-2.80 -3.67 -8.70 -1.89 3.41 -0.98 7.91

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.39 2.32 -

2.15 1.73 0.30

2.07 1.92 -

2.05 1.93 -

3.15 2.42 0.59

3.46 2.60 0.65

3.78 2.75 0.78

-0.86 -1.09 -

3.41 2.00 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.08 1.03 0.02 0.30

0.12 1.64 0.29 0.03 0.59

0.14 3.21 0.62 0.05 1.56

0.12 3.69 0.08 0.02 2.35

0.06 0.07 3.30 0.07 0.02 1.83

0.13 0.07 2.97 0.06 0.02 1.59

0.18 0.07 3.04 0.09 0.03 1.69

3.65 6.89 4.98 10.10

-4.08 -0.29 -10.20 -3.78 0.45

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.19 0.52 0.77 0.47

0.29 0.44 3.95 2.65 0.41 0.54

0.45 0.53 5.22 2.36 0.34 1.90

0.00 e 0.67 0.58 e 3.14 0.27 0.02 1.94

0.04 0.56 0.78 2.68 0.11 0.06 1.42

0.06 0.57 0.69 2.67 0.22 0.01 1.32

0.05 0.56 0.63 2.77 0.33 0.01 1.30

5.24 0.07 11.89 8.53

1.17 1.04 -3.46 -10.42 -18.28 -2.09

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.13 0.17 0.70 0.40 0.30

0.20 0.15 0.36 0.05 0.11 0.20

0.30 0.33 2.29 0.05 2.25 -

0.00 0.65 0.26 e 1.95 0.05 1.90 -

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.31 1.85 0.06 1.33 0.46

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.28 1.94 0.07 1.40 0.47

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.28 1.86 0.07 1.38 0.42

5.04 3.86 7.20 10.64 -

5.92 -0.91 -1.14 2.51 -2.69 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.263

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

2.4 8.9 -

2.4 9.0 -0.1 0.3

2.0 8.9 -0.1 0.5

1.5 5.0 -0.1 -0.2

0.8 5.7 -0.2 -0.5

0.9 5.2 -0.2 -0.1

0.9 4.7 -0.2 0.0

-1.1 -0.0 x

-4.4 -3.0 3.3 x

Primary supply

11.4

11.7

11.2

6.1

5.7

5.7

5.4

-0.1

-3.7

Statistical difference

-1.9

-0.1

-0.0

0.0

0.0

-0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-4.0 e

-5.1 e

-4.6 e

-3.6 e

-3.3

-3.2

..

0.8

-2.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.7 -2.7 -

-4.1 -3.5 -0.6

-3.3 -2.9 -0.5

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.2 -2.0 -0.2

-2.1 -1.9 -0.2

.. .. ..

1.2 0.3 -

-2.5 -2.3 -3.6

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-1.3 e -0.6 e -0.7 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-1.3 e -1.2 e -0.1 -

-1.2 e -1.0 e -0.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.1 -1.1 -0.0 -

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 4.4 -11.8 -

-0.9 -1.3 3.0 -

-

-

..

-

-

-

-0.6

-0.6

-0.4

-0.6

-0.5

..

-

-1.3

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

..

x

x

5.5

5.8

5.9

2.0

1.8

1.9

..

0.4

-6.2

3.8 1.5 e -

2.5 1.0 e 0.3 0.2 0.2

2.7 1.4 e 0.3 0.2 0.2

1.6 1.0 e 0.1 0.2 0.2

1.4 1.1 0.2 0.1

1.4 1.0 0.2 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.0 -0.4 -

-3.7 -1.9 1.0 -3.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.7 -

3.3 2.7 0.3

3.1 2.4 0.6

0.4 0.3 0.1

0.3 0.2 0.1

0.4 0.3 0.1

.. .. ..

3.6 -

-10.6 -10.4 -10.2

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

..

-

2.5

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.264 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

3.97 2.21 2.21 1.24 1.24 -

2.74 1.98 1.68 0.30 - e 0.65 0.39 e 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.10 e 0.10 -

2.06 1.33 1.12 0.21 - e 0.68 0.36 e 0.20 0.11 0.01 e 0.05 -

2.25 1.54 1.33 0.21 - e 0.70 0.46 e 0.17 0.06 0.01 e 0.00 -

2.30 1.54 1.36 0.18 0.70 0.48 0.16 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.01

2.17 1.29 1.13 0.16 0.67 0.42 0.18 0.06 0.01 0.20 0.02

2.03 1.08 0.93 0.15 0.61 0.37 0.19 0.05 0.01 0.32 0.02

-3.04 -0.91 -2.25 -5.27 -19.12 -

-1.65 -3.29 -3.23 -3.60 -0.30 -0.31 2.45 2.99 -15.19 6.75 -

2.18 2.15 0.03 0.03 -

3.14 2.92 0.18 e 0.04 0.04 e - e -

2.60 2.21 0.35 e 0.04 0.04 e - e -

2.74 2.35 0.38 e 0.01 0.01 e - e -

2.85 2.38 0.47 -

2.85 2.39 0.47 -

2.62 2.21 0.41 -

3.08 2.56 3.54 -

-1.00 -1.53 4.69 -

4.21 3.03 2.89 0.14 0.60 0.01 0.30 0.01 0.17 0.11 0.54 -

3.31 2.86 2.83 0.03 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.23 -

3.17 2.66 2.63 0.03 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.30 -

2.94 2.52 2.51 0.02 0.15 0.14 0.01 0.26 -

3.37 2.85 2.83 0.02 0.23 0.06 0.17 0.00 0.28 -

-0.57 -0.52 -1.23 -3.77 -9.77 -

-7.01 -1.49 -1.06 -13.23 -12.19 -2.82 -4.62 -26.85 -15.61 -

13.36 3.98 3.98 3.82 3.82 -

12.48 3.74 3.43 0.31 2.41 0.19 0.61 0.09 0.41 1.11 5.99 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.265

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

4.30 51.12 44.83

4.81 51.55 53.16

8.61 88.03 77.00

.. .. 78.88

.. x 223.61

.. x 294.77

.. x 326.90

.. x 484.32

.. x 396.92

7.88 27.50 51.12 x 44.83

8.51 28.29 51.55 x 53.16

15.25 56.55 88.03 x 77.00

.. .. .. .. 78.88

.. .. x 162.63 223.61

.. .. x 217.62 294.77

.. .. x 244.49 326.90

.. .. x 366.24 484.32

.. .. x 235.31 396.92

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

1.79 33.86 27.55

1.99 33.86 32.40

4.48 72.70 59.00

.. .. 155.67

.. x 296.12

.. x 372.92

.. x 344.22

.. x 441.50

.. x 367.34

3.29 13.18 33.86 x 27.55

3.52 13.44 33.86 x 32.40

7.93 33.79 72.70 x 59.00

.. .. .. .. 155.67

.. .. x 232.09 296.12

.. .. x 296.70 372.92

.. .. x 277.44 344.22

.. .. x 359.78 441.50

.. .. x 234.68 367.34

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

8.95 4.76 .. .. 2.91 1.28

9.03 4.42 2.22 2.20 4.22 0.39

8.87 5.31 2.99 2.33 2.96 0.60

4.95 4.50 2.58 1.92 0.31 0.14

5.56 4.97 2.74 2.23 0.33 0.26

5.36 4.45 2.84 1.61 0.41 0.50

5.68 4.83 2.72 2.11 0.41 0.44

5.16 4.26 2.52 1.74 0.50 0.40

4.67 4.03 2.28 1.75 0.38 0.26

.. .. -

0.07 0.06 0.01

0.13 0.13 -

0.06 0.00 0.06

0.21 0.21

0.21 0.21

0.22 0.22

0.24 0.24

0.22 0.22

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.266 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

6151

5474

5866

4932

4851

4665

5286

4600

4359

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2180 -

2783 -

3132 -

2746 1683 e 1063 e -

2596 901 e 669 e -

2847 1782 797 206 -

2852 231 1444 364 306 -

2643 64 1473 203 427 -

2389 60 1392 349 375 -

2180

2783

3132

1026 e -

55 7 -

43 464

13 463

45 168

3971 -

2691 -

2734 -

2186 547 e 226 e -

2255 931 e 286 e -

1818 78 229 1 -

2434 214 262 -

1957 279 147 -

1970 341 115 -

3971

2691

2734

1413 e -

579 e 459 e -

16 1300 47 147

1820 12 126

1434 18 79

1464 27 23

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.267

SPAIN* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 350

400

300

350 300

250

250 200 200 150 150 100

100

50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.268 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

73.72 12.90 53.72 1.35 0.02 2.44 3.55 -0.25 -

96.71 17.75 71.11 2.08 0.38 1.93 3.63 -0.17 -

128.70 27.56 64.96 7.10 5.81 20.20 3.12 0.00 -0.05 -

2000 174.21 29.88 88.72 21.74 5.90 23.16 3.63 e 0.01 0.63 0.55 -

2007

2008

2009e

205.53 28.58 97.06 45.39 7.75 20.51 3.35 0.01 3.58 -0.71 -

198.28 19.25 92.93 49.86 8.28 21.96 2.89 0.01 4.46 -1.36 -

183.13 15.71 86.84 44.61 8.62 19.63 3.22 0.01 5.48 -1.00 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 3.33 4.57 1.12 10.27 40.22 13.25 -0.76 -8.81 -

2.43 -1.97 2.01 11.44 1.99 0.46 -0.43 51.72 19.91 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 282 0.26 35.0 2.11 87.2 88.9 64.5 76 56.9

1980 330 0.29 37.7 2.57 97.7 104.6 83.8 109 67.1

1990 441 0.29 39.0 3.30 97.3 121.5 88.0 151 80.9

2000 581 0.30 40.3 4.33 100.0 100.0 100.0 222 100.0

2007 735 0.28 44.9 4.58 93.3 75.6 110.0 302 108.4

2008 741 0.27 45.6 4.35 89.2 50.5 110.4 311 100.6

2009e 722 0.25 46.1 3.97 84.5 42.3 .. 291 84.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.66 2.93 0.65 -0.48 0.65 0.87 2.67 1.55 0.65 -0.48 1.86 -4.76 1.84 1.27 4.15 4.09 2.10 1.22

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.87 6.71 2.53 -

1.38 8.05 4.60 -

0.28 10.30 6.20 -

7.73 3.65 -

5.11 2.68 -

4.71 1.28 -

4.45 1.11 -

-14.69 3.64 7.76 -

-4.25 -8.39 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.80 9.59 8.26 -

1.33 11.51 15.45 -

0.28 14.33 21.07 -

11.32 12.15 -

7.87 9.31 -

7.31 2.87 -

6.95 2.49 -

-14.39 3.41 8.12 -

-3.67 -10.48 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.269

SPAIN 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

55.13 5.65 41.23 1.00 7.25 -

68.80 3.54 52.48 1.51 0.24 11.03 -

86.77 4.64 54.50 6.58 5.60 15.46 -

122.11 1.80 74.51 17.68 4.90 0.01 0.04 23.15 -

143.29 2.13 81.60 22.33 5.60 0.01 0.10 31.51 -

146.85 2.27 83.08 23.17 5.97 0.01 0.13 32.22 -

141.52 2.04 78.81 21.75 6.12 0.01 0.18 32.60 -

2.70 -1.16 1.66 11.69 4.55 -

2.75 -4.46 2.07 6.87 0.50 4.23 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

24.65 5.18 14.22 0.58 4.66 -

26.93 3.16 16.03 0.88 0.24 6.63 -

27.70 4.21 8.23 4.86 2.64 7.77 -

35.32 1.71 8.16 13.07 1.86 0.00 10.52 -

36.09 1.67 7.62 12.54 2.27 0.00 12.00 -

39.01 1.84 7.95 14.41 2.31 0.00 12.50 -

37.31 1.60 7.54 13.35 2.14 0.00 0.00 12.69 -

0.69 -1.22 -3.17 13.30 3.05 -

1.67 -5.24 -0.49 5.78 -1.17 2.76 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

15.50 0.02 15.30 -

21.54 0.01 21.29 -

30.40 29.95 -

43.15 42.52 0.01

53.62 52.80 0.09

55.15 54.15 0.10

52.55 51.22 0.09

4.04 4.03 -

3.09 3.03 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.18 5.18 0.44 3.07 0.33

0.23 7.33 0.37 4.08 0.48

0.45 13.08 0.40 5.09 0.91

0.10 0.51 16.97 0.06 5.78 2.88

0.25 0.49 22.58 0.28 5.41 5.23

0.55 0.36 22.67 0.26 5.25 5.40

0.87 0.36 22.43 0.27 5.03 5.20

5.60 5.59 -0.63 3.02 6.11

-1.26 3.04 -2.05 -0.07 10.18

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.33 1.96 0.95 0.09

2.40 3.10 1.44 0.15

2.96 3.71 4.87 0.02 1.49 0.27

2.90 0.00 0.07 8.69 13.12 2.33 1.24

2.91 0.00 0.09 8.76 13.00 2.18 1.12

2.93 0.00 0.14 8.85 13.07 2.08 1.22

6.21 5.50 2.67 6.69

-0.05 4.95 5.63 1.87 8.65

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.92 4.80 4.80 -

1.50 6.58 6.58 -

3.08 8.34 7.81 0.53

0.15 0.00 0.03 9.36 11.43 0.12 10.68 0.63

0.16 0.00 0.03 9.51 11.41 0.12 10.61 0.68

0.13 0.00 0.04 9.61 11.02 0.12 10.31 0.59

7.39 3.30 2.90 -

6.52 1.56 1.55 0.55

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

2.85 0.03 5.36 9.57 0.03 e 2.41 0.90 0.07 0.00 0.01 6.15 13.42 12.74 0.68

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.270 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.3 3.1 -0.0 0.6

14.0 5.9 -0.0 -2.2

16.8 10.2 -0.0 0.7

11.4 19.1 -0.8 0.2

7.8 20.9 -1.9 1.8

6.0 17.9 -2.1 -2.5

5.6 14.4 -1.3 -2.9

3.6 7.3 10.0 x

-5.6 3.2 23.9 x

Primary supply

12.9

17.8

27.6

29.9

28.6

19.3

15.7

4.6

-2.0

1.2

0.0

-0.1

0.6

0.6

0.6

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-7.8 e

-13.4 e

-22.3 e

-28.2 e

-26.2 e

-17.0 e

..

6.4

-1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-4.3 -4.3 -

-11.2 -11.1 -0.1

-20.3 -20.1 -0.2

-26.7 -26.4 -0.3

-25.1 -24.9 -0.2

-16.1 -15.9 -0.1

.. .. ..

9.5 9.5 -

-1.3 -1.3 -1.0

Autoproducers Gas works

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

-3.5 e -2.5 e -1.0 -0.0

-

-2.2 e -1.8 e -0.4 0.0 e

-2.0 e -1.4 e -0.6 0.0

-1.5 e -1.0 e -0.6 -

-1.1 e -0.9 e -0.2 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.3 -3.4 -3.2 -

-3.9 -2.4 -11.2 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.7

-0.8

-0.5

-0.4

-0.7

-0.7

..

-1.7

2.1

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

5.7

3.5

4.6

1.8

2.3

2.0

..

-1.2

-4.5

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

5.2 3.2 e 0.4 -

3.2 2.4 e 0.3 0.3 0.0

4.2 2.1 e 0.2 1.6 0.0

1.7 1.1 e 0.1 0.4 -

1.8 1.1 e 0.2 0.4 -

1.6 1.0 e 0.2 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -2.5 -3.8 -

-5.2 -4.0 0.5 -10.4 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

Other(7)

0.4 0.4

0.4 0.4

0.4 0.0 0.4

-

-

-

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.0 e 0.1

-

0.3 0.3

0.3 0.3

.. .. ..

-0.2 -0.6

-1.5 -2.1

-

0.1

0.1

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.271

SPAIN 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

8.33 6.82 6.69 0.13 0.06 0.30 0.75 0.31 0.20 0.17 0.00 0.08 0.35 -

21.59 18.87 18.79 0.08 0.01 0.02 2.25 0.30 0.10 1.77 0.03 0.05 0.51 -

29.25 28.11 27.92 0.19 0.54 0.67 0.14 0.06 0.47 0.12 -

29.49 27.87 27.79 0.08 0.49 0.75 0.22 0.25 0.18 0.10 0.25 -

25.84 24.48 24.20 0.28 0.36 0.67 0.15 0.20 0.22 0.10 0.31 -

29.42 27.25 27.00 0.25 0.57 0.91 0.20 0.19 0.45 0.06 0.29 -

20.53 18.89 18.66 0.22 0.51 0.71 0.15 0.24 0.28 0.04 0.30 -

8.26 8.85 8.99 -4.23 -18.93 -18.94 9.56 -0.16 -5.73 21.76 25.32 -3.32 3.29 -

-0.28 0.01 -0.04 6.04 -6.24 -3.64 4.94 -9.84 -1.23 -2.89 -

4.86 4.86 -

4.46 4.46 -

3.56 3.64 -

3.46 3.60 -

3.56 3.66 -

3.67 3.74 -

3.45 3.47 -

-0.73 -0.73 -

-1.41 -1.38 -

8.16 8.09 8.09 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.04 -

20.78 20.63 20.63 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.04 -

12.85 12.91 12.91 -

11.55 11.43 11.43 -

10.10 10.25 10.25 -

9.58 9.57 9.57 -

2.43 2.47 2.47 -

8.10 8.12 8.12 7.64 4.66 -6.53 1.09 -

-11.24 -11.12 -11.12 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.272 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

42.60 65.54 60.18

69.75 125.39 127.62

.. 106.42 118.39

.. 169.30 128.33

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 68.57 65.54 .. 100.39

.. 103.43 117.59 .. 172.12

.. c 106.42 .. 127.20

.. c 138.84 169.30 136.41

.. c .. 278.37 197.69

.. c .. 322.89 276.03

.. c .. 345.20 295.78

.. c .. 476.63 378.46

.. c .. 339.80 337.39

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

15.43 40.57 35.67

23.62 72.57 70.72

.. 87.60 93.31

.. 246.67 179.02

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 32.38 40.57 .. 59.50

.. 45.66 68.06 .. 95.38

.. c 87.60 .. 100.25

.. c 202.29 246.67 190.29

.. c .. 300.92 204.61

.. c .. 345.57 282.85

.. c .. 338.40 277.61

.. c .. 437.79 332.83

.. c .. 328.45 312.24

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

3.08 2.60 .. .. 0.01 0.47

5.92 5.35 4.23 1.12 0.00 0.57

10.16 9.76 4.29 5.48 0.00 0.39

19.07 18.93 3.84 15.09 0.14

21.20 21.06 3.66 17.40 0.14

20.38 20.21 3.71 16.50 0.16

20.93 20.79 3.77 17.02 0.14

17.92 17.71 3.45 14.26 0.21

14.37 14.24 2.11 12.14 0.12

0.01 0.01 .. .. 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

0.05 0.00 0.00 0.04

0.77 0.77

0.63 0.63

1.08 1.08

1.90 0.81 0.02 0.78 1.09

2.15 1.51 1.51 0.64

1.34 1.13 1.13 0.20

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.273

SPAIN 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

3376

8416

10455

13408

21649

23704

24439

20967

17038

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3029 454 68 395 1369 743 -

4090 996 637 2401 56

4169 672 364 234 2899 -

3244 879 389 58 1916 2

3755 1388 383 1912 -

3622 1969 234 151 976 -

3682 2300 158 1224 -

3371 1719 176 1344 28

2058 627 43 1380 -

-

-

-

-

72 -

291 1 -

-

104 -

8 -

347 12 21

4326 407 172 2 379 5 855 7

6286 271 43 16 153 275 89

10164 110 53 103 2314 136

17894 1627 102 313 27 585 36

20082 1579 102 45 16 446 19

20757 1414 100 37 21 138 53

17596 1475 59 112 28 26 1036 32

14980 524 20 25 249 15

114 196 4

134 2274 91 -

404 4667 285 53 30

665 608 6037 138 -

191 1112 2804 9180 1496 32 389 -

3 1534 4022 8213 3609 225 153 110 6

3 2308 4599 8772 2705 161 382 64

11 1994 4064 5602 2623 276 192 66

6 2794 4633 4201 1915 145 113 340

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.274 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

62.38

58.59

49.11

79.30

116.50

134.81

124.87

211.23

184.13

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

59.85 .. .. 59.09 63.21 .. .. .. ..

52.80 57.34 .. 51.07 61.65 .. .. .. ..

46.17 48.43 .. .. 53.22 .. .. .. 30.40

68.83 79.64 .. 129.88 86.28 57.80 .. 72.04 145.89

110.07 141.45 .. 135.89 116.42 137.51 .. .. ..

137.79 142.24 .. 123.25 128.18 136.71 2611.31 .. ..

125.17 142.00 .. .. 122.09 .. .. .. ..

238.36 259.29 .. .. 160.69 344.75 .. .. ..

232.74 .. .. 130.38 163.34 .. 244.67 .. ..

Steam coal(3)

44.74

43.24

32.03

55.89

62.94

60.66

74.06

128.55

85.30

52.89 .. .. 102.86 44.32 .. 48.08 43.00 42.90

50.56 .. .. .. 38.79 .. 46.44 44.04 46.33

33.83 .. .. 38.10 31.62 36.51 30.43 31.91 33.96

57.79 .. .. 91.49 49.58 .. 63.98 55.69 70.46

93.53 64.94 .. 114.05 46.84 93.42 63.06 65.12 65.99

97.90 377.69 .. 114.72 60.43 .. 61.96 61.65 64.82

79.48 403.91 .. 142.48 126.87 .. 72.34 75.14 92.84

158.54 142.45 .. 214.64 125.44 .. 138.29 138.56 156.74

103.14 462.40 .. 181.26 87.64 .. 90.93 89.96 83.10

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.275

SWEDEN* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

80

180

70

160 60

140

50

120

40

100 80

30

60

20

40

10

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 5

6 5

4

4 3 3 2 2 1

1 0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

100

160

90

140

80 70

120

60

100

50 80

40

60

30

40

20

20

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.276 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

55.49 2.33 39.87 5.06 0.79 7.36 0.09 -

57.84 2.43 32.34 5.90 9.86 7.23 0.07 -

67.43 4.22 20.43 0.82 7.87 25.38 8.91 0.01 -0.22 -

67.94 3.50 19.39 1.11 11.80 21.34 9.65 0.06 0.57 0.51

71.47 3.78 18.47 1.30 14.10 24.93 8.13 0.19 0.16 0.40

70.85 3.47 19.31 1.18 14.20 23.79 8.49 0.26 -0.24 0.40

62.13 2.16 16.91 1.59 13.58 18.62 8.00 0.32 0.58 0.38

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.15 3.57 -3.86 2.63 22.68 1.13 -

0.28 -1.09 -0.31 2.02 3.34 -0.36 -0.27 24.16 0.58 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 143 0.39 8.1 6.82 139.9 113.9 92.1 78 55.4

1980 162 0.36 8.3 6.96 128.9 105.4 99.9 96 55.1

1990 202 0.33 8.6 7.88 120.9 147.1 113.9 146 69.6

2000 246 0.28 8.9 7.66 100.0 100.0 100.0 145 100.0

2007 298 0.24 9.1 7.81 86.7 89.1 84.0 149 116.6

2008 297 0.24 9.3 7.65 86.2 81.9 82.6 150 113.1

2009e 285 0.22 9.3 6.69 78.7 53.1 .. 134 92.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.02 2.18 -0.85 -1.87 0.30 0.44 0.85 -0.16 -0.85 -1.87 1.52 -3.20 1.26 -1.77 3.75 0.15 1.35 2.73

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 -

0.01 0.00

0.01 0.23

0.23

0.22

0.36

0.27

-3.07 -

2.40

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.02 -

0.02 0.00

0.01 0.58

0.54

0.52

0.84

0.63

-3.07 -

2.05

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.277

SWEDEN 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

49.74 1.33 34.83 0.15 4.94 8.50 -

49.43 1.20 28.81 0.11 5.51 10.43 3.37

45.88 1.49 20.02 0.52 6.62 0.00 14.79 2.44

50.42 1.05 20.25 0.68 7.55 0.01 15.81 5.07

48.89 1.16 17.67 0.79 7.22 0.01 16.07 5.97

49.14 1.28 17.49 0.80 7.60 0.01 16.10 5.85

48.24 1.17 17.09 0.82 7.53 0.01 15.81 5.80

-0.47 0.70 -3.20 7.49 1.74 3.31 -

0.28 -1.34 -0.88 2.58 0.72 6.25 0.37 4.94

18.95 1.20 8.68 0.02 4.19 4.86 -

17.07 1.12 6.64 0.01 4.32 4.98 -

16.94 1.37 3.09 0.37 5.25 6.63 0.24

19.54 1.03 4.39 0.44 6.19 7.00 0.49

17.22 1.14 2.37 0.51 5.61 7.04 0.55

17.43 1.25 2.16 0.51 5.83 7.12 0.55

16.68 1.14 1.86 0.53 5.52 7.08 0.54

-0.66 0.77 -5.90 20.26 1.33 1.84 -

-0.09 -0.99 -2.77 2.07 0.28 0.37 4.63

7.52 7.27 -

8.33 0.00 8.05 -

9.88 9.57 -

10.56 10.15 0.01

11.29 10.64 0.03

11.56 10.76 0.03

11.82 10.96 0.03

1.62 1.63 -

1.00 0.76 -

0.26 15.35 0.07 12.47 0.14

0.28 13.93 0.02 9.51 0.07

0.30 9.35 2.20 0.07

0.39 10.42 1.25 0.15

0.27 0.35 10.00 0.35 0.08

0.41 0.36 9.61 0.21 0.08

0.53 0.29 9.48 0.14 0.08 e

1.03 -2.88 -9.71 -3.61

-0.23 0.08 -14.25 0.17

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.74 1.93 1.41 0.04 -

1.18 3.16 1.93 0.00 0.02 0.03

0.90 0.00 4.68 1.49 5.72 1.93 0.06

0.88 0.01 5.16 2.97 6.28 1.50 0.05

0.85 0.01 5.10 3.61 5.83 0.50 0.14

0.86 0.01 4.87 3.58 5.97 0.56 0.14

0.97 0.01 4.78 3.51 5.89 0.48 0.15 e

1.15 5.34 8.59 24.93 -

0.38 6.25 0.12 4.87 0.17 -7.42 5.05

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.37 3.11 0.06 3.06 -

0.01 1.87 2.24 0.06 2.18 -

0.02 2.99 0.71 2.76 0.06 2.70 -

0.02 3.12 1.60 2.47 0.02 2.45 -

0.06 3.33 1.79 3.41 0.02 3.39 -

0.06 3.50 1.71 3.46 0.03 3.44 -

0.06 3.45 1.75 3.33 0.03 3.31 -

4.72 -0.71 0.32 -0.73 -

5.56 0.80 5.15 1.05 -4.62 1.13 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.278 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

0.0 2.4 -0.0 -0.1

0.0 2.5 -0.1 0.0

0.2 3.8 -0.0 0.2

0.2 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

0.2 3.5 -0.0 0.1

0.4 3.3 -0.0 -0.1

0.3 2.2 -0.3 -0.0

19.5 2.7 3.5 x

2.3 -0.8 -0.1 x

2.3

2.4

4.2

3.5

3.8

3.5

2.2

3.6

-1.1

Statistical difference

-

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.9 e

-1.0 e

-2.6 e

-2.3 e

-2.5 e

-2.6 e

..

6.4

0.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-1.6 -1.6 -0.0

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1

-1.2 -1.1 -0.1

.. .. ..

19.8 19.7 -

-1.9 -2.3 11.8

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.8 e -0.8 e -0.0 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-1.2 e -0.8 e -0.4 -

-1.4 e -0.8 e -0.6 -

-1.5 e -0.9 e -0.6 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -0.8 11.2 -

2.6 1.4 5.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

3.8

0.7

Losses

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

1.3

1.2

1.5

1.1

1.3

1.2

..

0.7

-1.3

1.2 0.7 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.1 0.6 e 0.0 0.2 0.0

1.4 0.6 e 0.0 0.4 0.1

1.0 0.5 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.3 0.7 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.1 0.6 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

0.8 -1.4 10.1 2.8 20.8

-1.0 0.8 -7.3 -2.0 -9.0

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6)

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 -

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-0.5 -

-

Non-energy use

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

0.3

-4.6

Other(7)

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.279

SWEDEN 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

0.34 0.02 0.02 0.30 0.02 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03

2.19 1.19 1.17 0.01 0.18 0.74 0.05 0.03 0.39 0.10 0.18 0.02

1.09 0.50 0.49 0.01 0.27 0.50 0.04 0.25 0.03 0.17 -

1.69 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.42 0.57 0.11 0.25 0.04 0.18 -

1.34 0.56 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.56 0.09 0.26 0.04 0.18 -

1.59 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.58 0.13 0.25 0.03 0.18 -

1.19 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.44 0.56 0.09 0.28 0.02 0.17 -

16.72 43.16 43.02 7.88 6.32 9.89 6.43 33.48 7.07 -3.02

-3.35 -6.83 -6.78 -13.64 5.01 -1.58 3.74 -1.78 -9.17 -0.39 -

1.23 1.23 -

1.52 1.52 -

1.77 1.77 -

1.38 1.85 -

1.90 2.22 -

1.60 1.99 -

1.59 1.96 -

1.77 1.77 -

0.25 1.44 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.280 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

50.00 67.15 ..

91.90 145.18 ..

.. 77.87 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

77.55 64.11 80.71 .. ..

93.41 72.84 171.39 .. ..

92.56 .. x 270.45 ..

.. .. x 320.71 ..

.. .. x 623.71 ..

.. .. x 680.48 ..

.. .. x 756.03 473.91

.. .. x 903.35 603.94

.. .. x 717.42 455.29

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Swedish crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

215 416 ..

370 842 ..

.. 632 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

321 267 500 .. ..

362 284 994 .. ..

502 .. x 2195 ..

.. .. x 4029 ..

.. .. x 6391 ..

.. .. x 6881 ..

.. .. x 7007 4118

.. .. x 8173 5123

.. .. x 7530 4480

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

2.42 0.98 .. .. 1.44

2.52 2.08 1.74 0.34 0.44

3.81 3.40 1.35 2.05 0.00 0.10 0.31

3.47 3.05 1.86 1.19 0.10 0.32

3.64 3.13 1.52 1.61 0.13 0.38

3.33 3.01 1.77 1.23 0.11 0.21

3.53 3.11 1.62 1.49 0.16 0.26

3.28 2.82 1.70 1.12 0.16 0.31

2.19 1.87 1.09 0.78 0.19 0.14

0.02 0.01 .. .. 0.01

0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11

0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03

0.27 0.01 0.01 0.26

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.281

SWEDEN 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

1545

4868

3543

3499

3092

3052

3180

2857

1898

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1239 78 99 231 71 5 338 -

1834 140 278 30 224 1074 65

1315 449 e 102 e 764 e -

1674 535 179 950 10

1814 990 54 570 -

1732 1246 133 352 -

1587 1186 401 -

1661 1099 562 -

1069 745 324 -

417 -

2 21

-

200 -

1 -

-

-

-

306 8 42 174 30 -

3034 614 4 1292 71 343 96

2228 187 1 6 7 732 103 117 8

1278 83 698 15 25 16

1320 111 28 122 9 5 29

1593 130 7 303 8 22 38

1196 40 4 54 5 5 73

829 120 63 5 51

52 -

183 19 407 5

8 108 573 375 3

120 271 50 -

762 254 -

707 378 -

764 240 11 -

1 419 130 29 11

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

e e

e e

-

e e e e e e e e e e

e e

1825 44 2 1000 55 -

e e e e

6 e 20 e 455 e 45 e 198 e -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.282 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

..

60.87

53.95

75.53

94.31

57.76

65.83

138.31

..

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

65.10 .. .. 55.47 61.89 .. .. .. 47.54

52.52 .. .. 57.84 .. .. .. .. 31.94

.. .. .. 75.73 .. .. .. .. 70.63

.. .. .. 96.64 .. .. .. .. 65.37

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57.76

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 65.83

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 138.31

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal(3)

..

55.37

49.38

86.28

111.18

117.43

124.51

227.64

157.77

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

67.27 .. .. 48.74 66.14 .. 53.77 61.06 43.13

55.29 49.62 .. 41.89 58.19 .. 45.79 .. 31.04

107.17 .. .. 55.59 90.11 .. .. .. 61.97

152.75 .. .. 75.95 91.28 .. .. .. 74.35

151.35 .. .. 71.82 124.76 .. .. .. 78.65

161.71 .. .. 84.84 138.55 .. .. .. 85.79

328.87 .. 3000.00 239.79 181.58 .. .. .. 139.75

197.49 .. .. 106.87 141.83 .. .. 95.94 108.32

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.283

SWITZERLAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 45

140

40

120

35

100

30 80

25 20

60

15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996 Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 0.8

1.2

0.7

1.0

0.6 0.8

0.5

0.6

0.4 0.3

0.4

0.2 0.2

0.1 01

0.0

0.0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2008

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

50

70

45 40

60

35

50

30

40

25 20

30

15 20

10

10

5 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.284 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SWITZERLAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

27.01 0.47 20.64 0.21 0.34 2.35 3.43 -0.43 -

28.62 0.47 17.87 1.24 0.67 5.35 4.03 -1.01 -

34.34 0.51 17.51 2.33 1.66 8.83 3.66 0.09 0.01 -0.26 -

35.18 0.20 15.75 3.48 2.05 9.88 4.53 0.13 0.04 -0.87 0.00

36.75 0.25 14.93 3.76 3.00 10.44 4.33 0.23 0.04 -0.25 0.00

38.14 0.23 15.84 4.01 3.09 10.36 4.43 0.28 0.05 -0.14 0.00

38.45 0.21 16.45 3.85 3.08 10.35 4.39 0.33 0.05 -0.27 0.00

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.42 0.55 -0.96 15.08 9.69 8.10 0.39 -2.94 -

0.59 -4.37 -0.55 3.06 3.51 0.89 1.06 6.62 8.76 -3.38 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 177 0.15 6.4 4.19 108.6 336.8 78.3 37 64.3

1980 181 0.16 6.4 4.48 112.5 329.3 93.1 48 64.9

1990 225 0.15 6.8 5.05 108.5 290.5 99.7 55 79.1

2000 250 0.14 7.2 4.88 100.0 100.0 100.0 66 100.0

2007 286 0.13 7.6 4.82 91.2 112.8 95.7 66 119.3

2008 291 0.13 7.7 4.95 93.0 100.3 96.2 67 120.8

2009e 291 0.13 7.7 5.00 94.0 94.0 .. 67 111.3

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.43 1.45 -0.00 -0.86 0.32 0.70 1.10 -0.12 -0.00 -0.86 -0.87 -5.74 1.43 -0.20 2.39 1.11 1.22 2.38

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.285

SWITZERLAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

23.81 0.41 19.15 0.34 0.34 3.56 -

23.74 0.45 17.20 1.03 0.46 4.33 0.27

26.72 0.49 16.57 2.20 1.23 0.09 0.01 5.77 0.36

27.89 0.20 16.18 3.12 1.34 0.13 0.03 6.43 0.45

29.82 0.21 16.17 3.52 2.02 0.22 0.04 7.10 0.55

29.01 0.25 15.36 3.45 2.09 0.23 0.04 7.06 0.53

29.95 0.23 15.85 3.67 2.11 0.28 0.04 7.22 0.56

0.68 1.04 -0.85 11.65 7.76 2.88 -

0.64 -4.16 -0.25 2.88 3.04 6.62 7.97 1.25 2.53

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

5.71 0.11 4.16 0.07 1.36 -

5.55 0.32 3.05 0.51 0.17 1.46 0.04

4.75 0.43 1.07 0.84 0.22 2.12 0.07

5.57 0.16 1.24 1.08 0.66 0.01 0.00 2.22 0.19

5.94 0.20 1.21 1.24 0.73 0.02 0.00 2.33 0.22

5.85 0.24 1.09 1.27 0.70 0.02 0.00 2.33 0.21

5.89 0.22 1.08 1.31 0.66 0.02 0.00 2.37 0.23

-1.07 8.40 -7.68 15.55 2.64 -

1.20 -3.79 0.07 2.51 6.21 0.62 7.06

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

5.05 4.80 -

5.28 5.03 -

7.35 7.03 -

8.33 8.00 -

8.38 7.98 0.00

8.54 8.14 0.01

8.74 8.33 0.01

2.23 2.27 -

0.97 0.94 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.25 1.81 0.30 0.27

0.26 7.71 0.13 5.63 0.39

0.32 7.46 0.01 4.75 0.87

0.32 8.04 0.01 4.17 1.23

0.01 0.38 8.70 0.01 4.25 1.40

0.01 0.38 8.02 0.01 3.68 1.34

0.01 0.39 8.60 0.01 3.91 1.45

1.42 8.68 -16.32 7.22

1.11 0.79 -0.49 -1.09 2.89

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.34 0.90 1.03 -

0.25 1.24 0.07 3.82 2.21 0.13

1.67 0.15 4.78 0.00 2.63 0.42

0.42 0.10 0.02 1.93 0.16 4.69 1.80 0.72

0.47 0.17 0.02 2.17 0.20 5.39 1.64 0.75

0.44 0.19 0.02 2.15 0.19 5.26 1.43 0.71

0.59 0.22 0.02 2.20 0.20 5.40 1.51 0.76

3.72 9.48 -

1.54 1.56 0.68 -3.04 3.34

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.03 1.07 1.07 -

1.33 0.16 0.88 0.00 0.88 -

0.03 1.56 0.14 0.80 0.00 0.79 -

0.21 e 0.02 0.00 1.83 0.10 0.81 0.81 -

0.76 0.03 0.00 2.08 0.13 0.85 0.85 -

0.89 0.03 0.00 2.07 0.13 0.82 0.82 -

0.82 0.03 0.00 2.14 0.13 0.79 0.79 -

2.49 -1.72 -1.75 -

19.54 1.78 -0.42 -0.09 -0.05 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.286 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SWITZERLAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

0.3 -0.0 0.2

0.7 -0.3

0.5 -0.0 0.0

0.3 -0.1

0.3 -0.0

0.2 0.0

0.2 -0.0

2.2 -5.2 x

-4.2 x

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.5

-4.4

Statistical difference

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-3.6

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.2

..

1.0

-4.2

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.1 -

0.2 0.0 0.2 -

0.2 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

8.4 -8.3 19.2 3.7

-3.8 -3.7 -

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2)

Losses Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.3 0.3

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-9.6 -16.3

-7.5 -0.5

-

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.287

SWITZERLAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

0.15 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02

0.48 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.45 0.01 0.40 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00

0.17 0.17 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 -

0.18 0.16 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 -

0.14 0.13 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.01 -

0.18 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.00 0.01 -

0.16 0.15 0.02 0.13 0.00 0.01 -

10.26 12.70 26.63 13.51 -6.82 19.28 6.70 -4.17 -15.46 -12.55

-5.87 -6.03 -5.99 -12.89 7.21 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.08 0.08 0.08 -

-

10.23 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.288 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

SWITZERLAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

68.81 .. 82.08 .. 153.66

95.71 127.61 152.83 .. 191.14

72.45 x 118.75 .. 182.84

60.13 x x 139.45 173.40

110.03 x x 224.74 313.15

111.25 x x 253.83 379.24

145.85 x x 286.53 448.47

252.48 x x 455.56 579.73

160.86 x x 327.62 547.80

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Swiss francs / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

105.5 .. 201.3 .. 353.3

137.5 220.0 351.3 .. 411.9

86.3 x 226.2 .. 326.5

87.0 x x 322.8 376.3

117.5 x x 384.0 501.6

119.5 x x 436.3 611.1

150.0 x x 471.5 691.9

234.5 x x 677.0 807.7

149.8 x x 488.0 765.0

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.34 0.13 .. .. 0.21

0.72 0.55 0.55 0.17

0.50 0.46 0.46 0.01 0.03

0.27 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.03

0.14 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.02

0.23 0.15 0.15 0.06 0.02

0.30 0.21 0.21 0.06 0.02

0.23 0.15 0.15 0.06 0.02

0.24 0.17 0.17 0.05 0.02

0.03 0.00 .. .. 0.03

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

-

-

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.289

SWITZERLAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

141

470

482

214

250

152

224

152

178

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

141 14 79 8 17

470 31 4 80 24 126 83

482 55 1 6

214 10 -

250 12 2

152 5 1

224 4 5 29

152 5 36

178 4 28

23 -

122 -

420 -

196 6 2

234 2 -

142 4 -

181 5 -

106 5 -

144 2 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.290 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 160

400

140

350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 100

40

50

20

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 45

45

40

40

35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 250

Other transformation

2008

300 250

200

200 150 150 100 100 50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.291

TURKEY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

34.79 7.36 17.83 9.22 0.32 0.07 -

44.92 9.98 22.32 10.97 1.39 0.09 0.16 -

75.37 24.15 33.43 4.08 10.29 2.84 0.62 0.04 -0.09 -

109.07 32.72 43.43 18.05 9.30 3.79 0.98 0.38 0.41 -

142.86 41.98 43.86 43.45 7.22 4.40 1.50 0.64 -0.19 -

140.72 42.09 42.22 43.12 6.90 4.09 1.64 0.70 -0.04 -

131.65 40.76 35.83 41.24 6.65 4.41 2.06 0.79 -0.09 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 4.65 7.24 3.77 0.65 13.72 13.75 -

3.53 3.13 1.31 14.00 -2.20 2.04 5.58 17.27 -4.27 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 88 0.40 38.1 0.91 96.7 68.1 31.4 12 ..

1980 112 0.40 44.4 1.01 98.1 72.7 48.6 23 ..

1990 186 0.41 55.1 1.37 99.1 105.8 67.2 58 70.5

2000 267 0.41 64.3 1.70 100.0 100.0 100.0 125 100.0

2007 373 0.38 70.3 2.03 93.7 91.8 114.0 192 142.3

2008 376 0.37 71.1 1.98 91.5 91.2 117.9 198 141.1

2009e 357 0.37 72.1 1.83 90.0 92.9 .. 194 127.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 4.50 3.99 0.14 -0.44 2.20 1.42 2.40 2.08 0.14 -0.44 2.62 -0.82 4.59 3.17 9.44 7.12 3.93

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.58 1.16 5.55 -

2.12 1.01 5.65 -

2.03 0.89 14.76 -

0.71 0.80 16.32 -

0.65 0.90 19.58 -

0.77 0.95 22.10 -

0.55 0.69 20.40 -

-2.00 -2.20 8.49 -

-5.24 0.39 2.27 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.96 1.33 15.12 -

2.44 1.16 15.03 -

1.82 0.92 44.68 -

0.74 1.66 60.88 -

0.68 1.78 72.90 -

0.86 1.74 76.80 -

0.62 1.26 70.49 -

-3.97 -3.02 9.45 -

-4.10 3.61 3.05 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.292 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

28.38 4.18 13.63 0.06 9.22 0.07 1.22 -

37.60 5.95 18.14 0.06 10.97 0.09 2.40 -

57.25 10.74 29.10 1.03 10.29 0.52 0.04 5.52 -

82.64 15.49 37.32 7.01 9.22 0.88 0.37 11.78 0.55

103.52 18.11 39.53 17.93 7.35 1.28 0.57 17.37 1.37

109.26 19.97 39.93 20.08 7.14 1.31 0.60 18.77 1.47

106.26 18.25 39.21 18.90 6.81 1.44 0.60 19.59 1.45

4.21 5.70 4.56 18.63 0.65 12.60 9.29 -

3.50 2.99 1.67 17.52 -2.27 5.83 16.24 7.29 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

5.30 1.63 2.88 0.00 0.79 -

9.35 3.09 4.76 0.00 1.49 -

15.57 6.43 5.06 0.71 0.01 3.36 -

28.20 12.61 6.86 2.38 0.14 5.66 0.55

33.47 14.56 4.45 4.77 0.17 8.15 1.37

33.81 16.04 2.03 5.31 0.18 8.78 1.47

25.73 8.74 1.91 4.56 0.18 8.89 1.45

6.54 8.42 3.37 34.90 8.88 -

2.83 1.72 -5.28 10.91 16.55 5.55 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

6.26 0.75 5.50 -

7.84 0.26 7.56 -

13.18 0.02 13.11 -

16.80 0.00 16.65 0.06

20.01 19.72 0.17

22.79 22.42 0.24

21.52 21.12 0.26

4.48 -18.90 5.25 -

2.76 2.68 -

0.01 14.40 1.81 3.09 0.05

0.02 17.44 2.59 3.32 0.05

0.04 20.76 4.29 4.45 0.07

0.09 25.13 2.88 5.13 3.85

0.03 0.10 28.42 3.55 2.79 8.83

0.02 0.11 29.61 3.93 2.49 9.86

0.02 0.12 32.29 7.04 2.41 9.32

7.56 2.18 5.21 2.17 2.62

5.85 2.48 2.80 -3.35 30.82

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

9.22 0.07 0.17 0.45 0.22 0.00

10.97 0.09 0.43 0.44 0.01

10.29 0.52 0.03 1.11 0.91 0.00

9.22 0.88 0.24 2.93 3.31 0.60

7.32 1.28 0.40 4.23 8.32 3.98

7.12 1.31 0.42 4.48 9.17 4.38

6.79 1.44 0.42 4.86 10.91 1.52 4.38

0.65 12.60 11.65 4.30 -9.07

-2.28 5.83 16.11 8.54 14.79 60.07

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.22 0.81 0.81 -

0.44 1.20 1.20 -

0.91 4.01 3.76 0.25

2.71 5.03 4.90 0.13

4.34 8.25 8.06 0.19

4.79 8.34 8.05 0.29

5.01 7.67 7.30 0.37

8.81 9.83 9.41 -

9.94 3.67 3.75 2.24

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.293

TURKEY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

7.4 0.0 -0.1

8.8 0.8 -0.1 0.4

17.7 6.0 0.5

17.8 13.3 1.6

21.1 20.9 -0.1

23.8 18.4 -0.1

21.6 19.1 -

5.2 42.3 x

1.7 6.4 x

7.4

10.0

24.2

32.7

42.0

42.1

40.8

7.2

3.1

Statistical difference

-

-0.3

-2.0

-0.1

0.0

0.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.9 e

-3.4 e

-11.0 e

-16.7 e

-21.6 e

-23.2 e

..

8.1

4.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

-1.8 -1.8 -

-2.6 -2.2 -0.4

-14.1 -13.4 -0.7

-19.0 -17.6 -1.4

-20.5 -19.1 -1.4

.. .. ..

9.0 8.4 -

5.5 5.6 4.2

Gas works

-0.2

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

..

-6.5

-

Coal transformation(2)

-0.9 e 0.0 -0.6 e -0.4 -

-0.7 e 0.0 -0.9 e 0.1 -

-3.1 e 0.0 -1.6 e -1.5 -

-2.6 e 0.0 -1.8 e -0.8 -

-2.6 e 0.0 -2.0 e -0.6 -

-2.7 e -0.0 -1.8 e -0.9 -

.. .. .. .. ..

7.2 3.1 6.3 8.5 -

-0.8 0.5 -2.6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-7.8 -7.2 -0.7

Energy ind. own use

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

-0.9

..

4.0

4.0

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

..

x

x

4.2

5.9

10.7

15.5

20.0

18.3

..

5.7

3.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.6 0.4 e 0.3 -

3.1 0.9 e 0.2 -

6.4 1.0 e 0.4 0.0 0.0

12.6 1.3 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

16.0 1.4 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

8.4 6.2 2.1 -

1.7 3.1 -16.7 22.7

Transport(6)

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-18.9

-

Other(7)

1.8 1.8

2.6 2.6

4.3 4.3

2.9 2.9

3.9 3.9

9.5 1.5 7.0

.. .. ..

5.2 5.2

4.5 2.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

8.7 1.7 e 0.0 0.0

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.294 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1.21 0.68 0.68 0.09 0.29 0.29 0.10 -

2.81 0.37 0.37 0.06 1.12 0.01 0.00 1.12 1.25 -

8.48 1.66 1.66 6.15 0.03 0.02 6.10 0.68 -

13.84 4.57 4.57 8.42 0.07 0.02 8.33 0.85 -

16.87 4.69 4.69 11.39 0.08 0.03 11.29 0.79 -

19.53 5.12 5.12 - e 13.48 - e 0.08 0.03 13.37 e 0.94 -

15.84 5.58 5.58 0.27 e 3.57 0.08 e 0.00 0.04 3.45 e 5.45 -

7.31 -5.01 -5.01 -3.28 12.11 12.05 23.25 -

10.08 16.29 16.29 6.63 23.24 6.47 8.51 -

3.43 0.36 0.31 0.05 2.39 0.29 0.05 0.05 0.11 -

5.34 0.11 0.08 0.03 4.66 0.10 0.34 0.34 0.13 -

7.04 0.28 0.28 4.19 2.47 0.09 2.38 0.10 -

5.59 0.60 0.60 4.22 0.64 0.09 0.55 0.13 -

5.93 0.79 0.79 4.75 0.28 0.08 0.20 0.11 -

5.82 0.80 0.80 4.44 0.27 e 0.24 0.03 e 0.21 e 0.07 -

6.88 0.62 0.62 5.53 0.08 e 0.44 0.29 e 0.15 e 0.12 -

3.75 -9.80 -11.22 -4.01 5.71 -8.83 17.37 17.37 1.19 -

1.42 10.33 18.28 0.95 1.51 -4.44 -0.55 -

13.23 4.45 4.30 0.15 0.02 3.63 0.00 0.73 2.90 4.88 -

46.18 29.88 29.63 0.25 0.04 8.52 0.93 7.59 7.71 -

64.41 52.54 52.29 0.26 0.00 6.93 0.11 6.82 4.94 -

57.32 47.41 47.21 0.20 0.16 4.25 0.16 4.09 5.49 -

60.79 49.71 49.47 0.24 0.19 5.02 0.18 4.84 5.87 -

10.98 17.21 17.45 4.71 6.74 7.36 2.10 8.33 3.88 -

2.80 4.47 4.50 -0.46 1.65 -3.16 -21.49 -2.55 -2.07 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

72.83 60.54 60.31 0.22 0.05 5.13 0.03 5.10 7.11 -

75.89 65.69 65.45 0.23 0.05 4.78 0.01 4.77 5.29 -

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.295

TURKEY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 105.18 ..

49.88 179.15 ..

31.85 174.87 110.22

50.45 150.29 131.07

88.29 397.46 234.26

86.87 467.46 271.72

97.12 573.16 341.34

113.22 728.57 444.88

112.43 585.24 362.67

.. 70.23 105.18 .. ..

86.47 83.99 179.15 .. ..

79.67 82.07 174.87 .. 98.09

53.26 80.19 150.29 .. 136.10

78.71 148.07 397.46 .. 236.81

79.99 161.57 467.46 .. 274.31

115.02 200.52 573.16 .. 342.88

152.51 258.70 728.57 .. 445.57

139.04 269.73 585.24 .. 363.70

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(New Turkish lira / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 0.00 ..

0.00 0.02 ..

0.02 0.63 0.37

9.01 128.86 105.36

33.83 731.11 403.98

35.49 916.73 499.57

36.07 1021.81 570.49

42.01 1297.72 742.89

49.69 1241.53 721.28

.. 0.00 0.00 .. ..

0.00 0.01 0.02 .. ..

0.13 0.19 0.63 .. 0.33

20.22 43.69 128.86 .. 109.40

64.10 173.07 731.11 .. 408.38

69.45 201.34 916.73 .. 504.33

90.78 227.15 1021.81 .. 573.06

120.26 292.79 1297.72 .. 744.04

130.59 363.59 1241.53 .. 723.34

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

0.01 0.01 .. .. -

0.82 0.82 0.82 -

6.02 6.01 4.25 1.76 0.01 -

13.30 12.57 6.27 6.30 0.00 0.72

16.74 16.33 5.23 11.10 0.41

19.40 18.93 5.74 13.19 0.01 0.45

20.91 20.47 5.19 15.28 0.44

18.37 18.16 5.95 12.20 0.21

19.12 18.85 4.63 14.23 0.27

.. .. -

0.07 0.00 0.00 0.07 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.296 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

475

2662

5557

5941

12990

20286

22945

19489

20367

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

475 70 405 -

2662 637 1825 -

3717 1318 51 2011 -

3606 1452 210 178 1766 -

6202 2793 847 100 2150 -

5490 1569 1125 164 1045 -

5117 1695 964 1312 -

6050 2324 888 1328 -

4703 1727 478 1359 -

-

200 -

337 -

-

259 53 -

1203 384 -

611 535 -

939 571 -

946 69 124 -

-

-

1840 58 -

2335 36 10 50 47

6788 69 21

14796 -

17828 61 412 326 -

13439 71 -

15664 989 3

-

-

1252 530 -

877 1050 199 66

1440 5023 174 61

1829 2601 2215 7273 374 504

1947 2754 2499 9264 227 338

1386 2882 1548 7340 98 38 76

221 2785 2565 8938 85 78

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.297

UNITED KINGDOM* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 40 100 20 50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0 2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

Other transformation

2008

700

400

600

350 500

300 250

400

200

300

150

200

100 100

50

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

Coal

Oil

Gas

2008

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.298 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

311.53 109.18 155.58 35.87 10.42 0.47 0.01 -

283.47 98.28 113.34 57.59 13.78 0.48 0.00 -

294.17 90.15 109.11 67.41 0.90 24.48 0.64 0.00 0.02 1.47 -

318.48 52.14 104.60 124.82 2.75 31.67 0.62 0.00 0.13 1.74 -

300.09 55.38 96.34 117.06 5.86 23.46 0.63 0.00 0.71 0.64 -

297.79 51.27 96.76 120.64 6.63 19.54 0.63 0.00 0.95 1.35 -

282.28 43.03 92.25 111.49 7.63 25.76 0.64 0.00 1.13 0.35 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 -0.34 -1.12 -2.07 3.78 5.15 1.78 36.14 -

0.07 -3.09 -0.66 3.29 11.76 -1.24 -0.04 25.62 -0.44 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 823 0.38 56.2 5.54 175.7 376.1 127.1 281 74.7

1980 880 0.32 56.3 5.03 149.5 316.6 119.5 284 73.5

1990 1150 0.26 57.2 5.14 118.6 222.1 107.0 318 87.7

2000 1478 0.22 58.9 5.41 100.0 100.0 100.0 374 100.0

2007 1763 0.17 61.0 4.92 79.0 89.0 86.8 393 96.4

2008 1773 0.17 61.4 4.85 77.9 82.0 86.4 385 93.6

2009e 1712 0.16 61.8 4.57 76.5 71.2 .. 368 83.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 1.99 2.43 -2.28 -2.31 0.11 0.39 -0.44 -0.32 -2.28 -2.31 -3.05 -5.39 -1.01 -1.18 0.72 1.08 0.95 0.36

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

14.68 84.26 -

9.68 95.97 -

1.60 74.99 -

0.26 26.40 -

0.28 14.28 -

0.32 15.14 -

0.26 15.46 -

-16.87 -0.97 -

-8.57 -8.51 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

15.11 108.47 -

10.05 120.05 -

1.60 91.16 -

0.26 30.94 -

0.27 16.74 -

0.31 17.75 -

0.25 18.13 -

-17.06 -1.44 -

-8.76 -8.69 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.299

UNITED KINGDOM 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

204.61 37.79 104.41 33.77 28.63 -

187.54 20.10 85.17 53.31 28.79 0.17

196.85 15.39 87.46 59.68 0.59 0.00 0.01 33.72 -

214.70 5.58 89.39 74.89 0.88 0.00 0.02 40.47 3.48

209.40 3.99 91.38 68.82 1.09 0.00 0.05 42.30 1.78

203.16 4.22 87.78 66.11 1.44 0.00 0.06 41.94 1.61

204.07 4.43 86.21 67.48 2.17 0.00 0.08 41.96 1.73

-0.23 -5.15 -1.04 3.41 0.97 -

0.20 -6.68 -0.08 0.68 7.47 9.88 1.22 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

75.06 19.05 30.33 14.47 11.21 -

56.11 8.50 17.41 19.30 10.72 0.17

45.47 9.11 9.00 14.86 0.14 12.36 -

48.16 3.28 8.61 20.27 0.40 14.02 1.57

44.83 3.20 9.64 16.11 0.24 14.49 1.16

43.33 3.38 9.32 14.95 0.32 14.38 0.99

42.36 3.51 8.77 14.64 0.38 13.95 1.10

-2.91 -4.25 -6.90 0.16 0.58 -

-0.39 -5.16 -0.14 -0.08 5.78 0.67 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

39.47 0.08 39.07 -

43.39 0.05 42.96 -

55.97 0.00 55.32 -

59.81 58.76 -

62.54 61.28 -

62.91 61.42 -

61.74 59.57 -

2.08 -18.29 2.07 -

0.55 0.41 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.32 48.09 15.74 5.54 15.60

0.37 51.32 9.65 3.76 27.33

0.65 53.24 4.97 3.30 33.20

1.06 61.47 2.22 4.31 40.88

0.26 1.01 60.28 0.76 4.32 40.43

0.49 1.00 58.28 0.81 3.83 39.01

1.13 1.04 60.09 0.90 4.04 40.15

4.23 0.60 -6.56 -3.00 4.54

2.63 0.67 -9.05 1.12 1.06

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

11.22 19.03 2.82 8.36 2.45

10.58 18.20 1.87 6.63 3.08

0.25 11.52 18.37 1.29 4.43 3.90

0.25 13.74 0.06 24.07 0.06 2.01 8.93

0.38 14.31 0.07 23.03 0.02 1.18 9.18

0.42 14.13 0.07 22.70 0.02 1.19 8.89

0.45 14.48 0.07 23.28 0.02 1.16 9.42

0.16 -0.21 -4.51 -3.68 2.77

3.30 1.28 1.32 -20.58 -7.16 5.02

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

5.40 17.22 17.22 -

6.62 10.14 10.14 -

0.05 8.71 15.46 13.24 2.22

0.11 11.12 1.85 16.18 14.65 1.52

0.12 11.99 0.55 14.98 14.11 0.87

0.12 11.93 0.55 12.34 11.21 1.13

0.13 12.00 0.55 12.96 11.94 1.02

2.85 -0.63 -1.53 -

4.81 1.80 -0.98 -0.57 -4.20

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.300 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

108.4 1.6 -2.8 2.0

105.7 6.4 -4.4 -9.4

76.6 14.7 -2.6 1.4

26.7 21.8 -1.1 4.8

14.6 39.3 -0.8 2.4

15.5 39.2 -0.8 -2.6

15.7 33.7 -0.7 -5.7

-2.0 13.9 -0.6 x

-8.5 5.6 -6.1 x

Primary supply

109.2

98.3

90.2

52.1

55.4

51.3

43.0

-1.1

-3.1

Statistical difference

3.3

0.3

-1.5

0.1

0.4

0.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-70.9 e

-76.7 e

-72.1 e

-44.9 e

-50.1 e

-45.7 e

..

0.1

-2.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-65.0 -65.0 -

-74.3 -72.0 -2.3

-68.3 -66.3 -1.9

-41.1 -37.7 -3.3

-46.3 -43.3 -3.1

-42.2 -39.2 -2.9

.. .. ..

0.3 0.1 -

-2.6 -2.9 2.5

Autoproducers Gas works

-0.4

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation(2)

-5.5 e -2.3 e -3.2 -0.0

-2.4 e -0.9 e -1.4 -0.0

-3.9 e -2.6 e -1.1 -0.2

-3.9 e -3.0 e -0.9 0.1

-3.7 e -2.8 e -0.9 0.0

-3.5 e -2.6 e -1.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.1 0.8 -6.2 9.7

-0.6 0.0 -0.7 -

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-3.2

-1.9

-1.1

-1.5

-1.2

-1.2

..

-6.1

0.2

Losses

-0.5

-

-

-0.2

-0.3

-0.3

..

x

x

37.8

20.1

15.4

5.6

4.2

4.4

..

-5.1

-6.7

3.3 1.2 e 0.0 1.1 0.1

3.4 1.6 e 0.1 1.0 0.1

3.5 1.8 e 0.1 1.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.2 -4.8 7.5 -5.3 -4.3

-5.2 -4.3 -10.5 -1.6 -7.8

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

19.0 9.0 e 0.3 3.4 1.2

8.5 3.6 e 0.2 2.5 0.1

9.1 3.9 e 0.9 1.4 0.6

0.1

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

..

-18.3

-

18.7 2.8 15.7

11.5 1.9 9.6

6.3 1.3 5.0

2.3 0.1 2.2

0.8 0.0 0.8

0.9 0.0 0.9

.. .. ..

-6.2 -4.5 -6.6

-10.1 -20.6 -9.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.301

UNITED KINGDOM 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes) 1978 Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

105.68 83.21 80.64 2.57 1.19 1.85 0.01 6.19 0.11 0.03 3.09 0.32 2.65 12.17 -

96.21 84.01 82.56 1.46 0.78 - e 5.25 0.01 e 1.04 1.50 0.63 2.07 e 5.43 -

51.02 46.85 44.76 2.09 0.54 - e 1.88 0.00 e 0.03 1.24 0.12 0.48 e 1.95 -

55.21 52.52 50.58 1.94 0.27 - e 1.78 - e 0.13 1.12 0.14 0.39 e 0.65 -

60.30 57.89 55.93 1.97 0.28 - e 1.70 - e 0.09 1.05 0.14 0.43 e 0.59 -

55.61 52.97 51.03 1.94 0.25 - e 1.86 0.00 e 0.14 1.15 0.14 0.42 e 0.67 -

51.00 48.26 46.28 1.98 0.32 - e 1.87 0.00 e 0.14 1.15 0.15 0.43 e 0.71 -

-0.78 0.08 0.20 -4.59 -3.51 -1.36 -16.73 35.13 -5.84 5.93 -2.04 -6.51 -

-3.46 -3.03 -3.16 1.71 -4.86 -5.57 -12.89 -10.39 -1.47 -7.69 -8.40 -10.70 -

14.99 14.91 -

10.52 10.09 0.66 e 0.11 0.11 e - e -

8.82 8.23 0.45 e 0.01 0.01 e - e -

6.57 5.57 0.96 e 0.08 0.08 e - e -

7.04 5.93 0.98 e 0.14 0.14 e - e -

7.17 5.93 1.09 e 0.15 0.15 e - e -

6.93 5.88 0.96 e 0.21 0.21 e - e -

-2.91 -3.21 -

-2.29 -2.96 2.14 3.58 3.58 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.302 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

52.18 67.63 52.91

91.65 141.33 93.18

96.27 66.97 c

55.02 128.62 80.92

81.19 272.68 166.89

86.73 302.68 213.74

102.00 322.38 223.75

148.68 378.32 272.26

105.08 332.30 197.76

49.74 .. 72.81 .. 67.78

91.28 .. 151.36 .. 126.05

88.51 .. 95.94 .. 123.24

59.32 .. 135.97 .. 81.44

99.65 .. x 266.21 232.37

99.17 .. x 307.73 298.29

113.43 .. x 408.54 259.02

116.05 .. x c 346.87

105.90 .. x c 251.74

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Pounds sterling / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

21.97 49.72 35.47

31.84 85.73 51.54

43.77 53.16 c

29.35 119.80 68.73

36.07 211.50 118.04

38.06 231.91 149.33

41.16 227.14 143.75

65.57 291.31 191.16

54.42 300.48 163.06

23.25 .. 53.53 .. 45.44

35.20 .. 91.81 .. 69.72

44.67 .. 76.16 .. 89.21

35.13 .. 126.65 .. 69.17

49.14 .. x 206.48 164.35

48.31 .. x 235.78 208.40

50.81 .. x 287.85 166.41

56.81 .. x c 243.55

60.88 .. x c 207.57

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

1.60 1.38 .. .. 0.23

6.42 6.26 2.32 3.94 0.16

14.75 14.38 8.84 5.54 0.37

21.75 21.27 8.34 12.93 0.48

39.64 38.76 6.46 32.30 0.88

45.29 44.30 6.68 37.62 0.98

39.28 38.23 7.38 30.85 1.05

39.24 38.53 6.26 32.27 0.71

33.70 33.52 5.09 28.43 0.18

2.85 2.22 .. .. 0.62

4.41 3.24 0.03 3.20 1.18

2.56 2.17 0.05 2.12 0.39

1.11 0.66 0.00 0.66 0.45

0.70 0.57 0.00 0.57 0.13

0.64 0.46 0.00 0.46 0.17

0.82 0.57 0.01 0.55 0.26

0.83 0.62 0.14 0.48 0.21

0.71 0.53 0.01 0.52 0.17

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.303

UNITED KINGDOM 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Hard Coal

2352

12732

14783

15896

23446

50529

43365

43875

38223

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1383 380 207 375 421 -

7150 2988 337 3 1160 2647 14

8614 2966 961 2 794 3791 7

7754 3194 1306 396 1792 1

8462 4880 1633 1936 2

6775 3766 1274 1416 19

7482 3733 1808 1402 49

6349 3203 1378 1472 -

5164 2487 201 1578 50

-

1 -

93 -

38 27 1000

11 -

275 25

68 393 20 9

296 -

304 544 -

969 645 53 41 1 73

5582 2469 61 10 783 258 498 525

6169 67 24 2 248 250 1641 1868

8142 447 58 2 131 878 2056 153

14984 1222 1107 837 204

43754 143 50 856 692 270

35883 527 11 130 1121 212

37526 699 1 19 224 2809 363

33059 444 18 566 3122 471

26 106 24

34 89 724 23 108

69 956 356 499 169 20

77 2648 65 1313 133 9 101 71

143 5649 9 4756 480 208 123 246

52 3798 1895 12858 22697 421 22 -

198 3853 1455 7742 20499 135 -

52 5294 2162 4281 21228 385 9 -

614 5250 721 3055 18601 92 105

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.304 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

2176

2379

2258

856

656

442

531

460

502

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

2174 113 125 6 950 446 202 53 168 79 3 3 26 -

2327 1 44 1278 2 183 191 13 19 391 14 12 111 3 65 -

1960 1 67 366 204 271 214 18 246 25 145 178 138 87 -

845 86 31 1 142 10 349 27 118 60 21 -

651 12 77 13 265 1 71 15 158 31 8 -

439 51 1 1 5 16 4 17 265 3 12 64 -

528 42 5 1 6 13 3 7 280 1 11 24 135 -

455 55 3 1 19 3 204 77 25 68 -

481 43 7 8 300 3 29 6 85 -

2 2 -

49 48 1

289 5 1 1 282 -

5 5

4 1 2 1 -

3 1 1 1 -

3 1 1 1 -

-

15 13 1 1

-

3

9

6

1

-

-

5

6

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.305

UNITED KINGDOM 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

72.56

57.61

46.84

77.73

116.05

128.51

120.24

187.79

196.99

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

76.77 67.89 .. 65.40 72.53 .. .. .. 46.86

56.28 55.72 .. 53.12 60.78 .. 59.04 .. 59.92

45.23 45.32 .. .. 52.11 .. .. .. 43.01

76.33 78.05 .. .. 80.05 .. .. .. 94.26

127.10 99.81 .. .. 113.10 .. .. .. 91.89

136.58 117.54 .. .. 127.10 .. .. .. 71.41

124.16 104.80 .. .. 131.69 207.67 .. .. 82.35

201.79 192.51 .. .. 176.47 .. 344.67 .. 69.16

231.88 241.64 .. .. 145.57 .. .. .. 98.63

Steam coal(3)

68.56

45.19

39.73

65.02

70.24

69.91

84.03

139.40

94.70

95.59 59.29 101.88 84.94 69.28 73.47 73.07 .. 53.72

41.59 .. .. 51.92 44.64 .. 43.65 43.16 50.58

35.25 .. .. 41.04 38.57 .. 38.30 41.04 39.22

62.29 69.05 .. 65.64 68.02 80.81 66.01 63.57 68.03

85.03 .. .. 71.87 83.66 98.27 70.13 69.27 70.78

72.19 2529.04 .. 65.00 62.86 150.04 70.11 69.85 70.67

91.62 .. .. 112.37 79.53 71.23 78.56 90.44 82.58

168.33 .. .. 145.69 133.03 .. 136.96 155.46 139.84

91.04 .. .. 92.85 85.17 2795.61 89.35 85.90 96.44

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.306 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4000

160

3500

140

3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60 40

1000

20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2009e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2009e

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 5000

Other transformation

2008

7000

4500

6000

4000 5000

3500 3000

4000

2500 3000

2000 1500

2000

1000 1000

500

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2009e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

2008

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.307

UNITED STATES 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2471.34 444.36 1167.84 735.01 53.57 33.20 32.60 3.01 1.75 -

2578.11 537.48 1138.47 681.12 77.84 99.10 34.25 6.57 3.28 -

2735.71 657.43 1081.20 626.05 88.94 227.69 33.56 20.14 0.46 0.24 -

2000

2007

2008

2009e

3247.62 3337.92 3262.46 3103.01 762.32 792.58 779.66 694.37 1244.50 1289.82 1216.57 1143.04 782.26 775.27 775.38 776.91 104.62 115.25 121.11 117.58 296.99 311.47 311.91 309.04 31.11 30.67 31.54 33.72 18.70 12.55 12.97 12.92 2.96 e 6.48 e 9.27 e 11.24 4.17 3.84 4.05 4.19 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 0.60 2.33 -0.45 -0.94 3.03 11.99 0.17 11.83 -10.97 -

0.98 0.95 0.66 1.20 1.73 1.76 -0.34 -2.42 18.18 16.91 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP (2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4322 0.57 211.9 11.66 174.3 133.5 109.1 1966 48.6

1980 5142 0.50 227.7 11.32 152.8 135.7 111.4 2427 54.2

1990 7064 0.39 250.2 10.93 118.0 120.8 105.5 3203 67.2

2000 9899 0.33 282.4 11.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 4026 100.0

2007 11693 0.29 301.7 11.06 87.0 88.0 92.5 4324 107.3

2008 11742 0.28 304.5 10.71 84.7 86.2 91.9 4344 105.0

2009e 11592 0.27 307.5 10.09 81.6 77.8 .. 4161 94.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08 2.93 2.86 -2.27 -1.83 0.98 1.10 -0.38 -0.11 -2.27 -1.83 -0.58 -1.86 -0.20 -0.76 2.91 1.71 1.93 2.51

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

93.39 417.76 15.55 -

119.23 499.84 20.81 -

96.20 641.20 37.33 -

56.00 674.42 36.51 -

45.90 733.07 33.17 -

55.37 739.55 32.65 -

44.94 676.74 31.26 -

0.25 3.63 7.57 -

-3.02 0.80 -0.74 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

92.20 484.60 31.16 -

117.72 592.46 42.78 -

93.26 760.39 79.91 -

54.29 839.69 77.62 -

47.31 934.38 71.29 -

57.37 949.86 68.66 -

46.56 872.16 65.75 -

0.10 3.83 8.16 -

-2.66 1.24 -0.84 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.308 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

1879.10 105.35 990.71 524.73 53.46 204.84 -

1873.27 80.24 984.48 482.02 77.69 248.85 -

1847.86 79.51 976.13 432.84 32.27 0.48 323.55 3.07

2208.90 46.54 1133.46 514.12 74.50 0.74 2.06 429.93 7.54

2233.80 45.32 1198.43 434.63 84.77 1.32 1.83 457.39 10.10

2259.46 44.31 1184.00 459.57 87.89 1.48 1.89 470.03 10.28

2203.21 42.97 1116.72 468.07 93.37 1.66 1.96 468.52 9.95

-0.10 -1.64 -0.09 -1.13 -2.93 2.73 -

0.98 -3.36 0.75 0.44 6.08 7.15 2.08 6.74

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

562.57 85.93 103.18 253.29 40.82 79.34 -

553.39 68.92 127.85 216.47 48.48 91.67 -

405.33 65.74 63.22 156.98 12.94 106.46 -

474.65 43.37 36.66 196.97 51.22 0.16 140.32 5.96

428.34 43.09 50.70 162.01 51.77 0.16 112.62 7.98

424.75 41.81 44.47 166.92 49.15 0.17 114.11 8.13

422.00 40.49 49.13 166.17 45.75 0.18 112.40 7.86

-1.91 -1.56 -2.84 -2.77 -6.54 1.74 -

0.22 -2.66 -1.39 0.32 7.27 0.30 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

591.81 567.23 24.06

607.53 586.07 21.07

696.52 674.00 22.01

840.34 813.56 21.68

893.56 856.25 20.24

898.22 855.17 21.53

859.17 807.31 22.49

0.96 1.02 -0.52

1.17 1.01 0.12

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.53 339.29 4.20 102.37 161.56

0.38 307.97 2.24 59.79 157.78

0.51 299.82 2.12 37.67 146.51

4.55 0.54 377.20 1.90 e 45.58 166.04

16.17 0.90 362.14 34.82 145.46

20.51 1.00 381.91 35.92 157.55

28.42 0.95 382.88 32.97 162.08

-0.22 -0.72 -3.93 -5.71 -0.57

3.53 1.37 -0.74 0.56

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

71.17 212.45 4.87 69.72 85.83

88.15 203.65 2.60 45.72 86.69

113.52 227.52 3.45 30.44 87.50

14.82 0.31 2.06 146.50 275.78 1.27 e 23.79 104.53

13.34 0.66 1.83 166.04 282.06 2.19 21.32 93.15

14.70 0.79 1.89 171.05 292.44 2.43 20.76 99.39

15.39 0.95 1.96 169.54 296.62 2.48 20.90 103.21

2.78 0.40 -2.02 -4.76 0.11

2.25 1.48 -1.82 -2.07 0.92

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Gas

52.03 126.74 126.74 -

68.65 145.63 145.63 -

103.06 3.07 e 170.06 150.23 19.84

1.77 0.27 142.55 1.58 e 218.61 193.72 24.89

3.09 0.50 159.68 2.12 e 224.22 210.46 13.76

3.00 0.52 164.18 2.16 e 219.12 204.94 14.18

3.29 0.53 164.13 2.09 e 198.85 184.73 14.12

4.10 1.74 1.00 -

2.62 -2.12 0.87 1.16 -1.87

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.309

UNITED STATES 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-08

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

476.2 1.0 -44.3 11.4

639.9 1.5 -83.0 -21.0

774.7 3.0 -97.1 -23.2

766.9 14.3 -54.7 35.8

812.1 31.7 -49.6 -1.7

827.6 30.1 -68.9 -9.2

752.9 18.1 -49.8 -26.9

2.9 6.6 4.7 x

0.4 13.6 -1.9 x

Primary supply

444.4

537.5

657.4

762.3

792.6

779.7

694.4

2.3

1.0

Statistical difference

18.1

-11.1

9.0

21.7

-19.0

-12.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-348.6 e

-442.6 e

-585.2 e

-735.5 e

-726.2 e

-721.6 e

..

3.1

1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-309.9 -309.9 -

-417.2 -417.2 -

-565.7 e -559.6 -6.2 e

-716.5 e -699.7 e -16.8 e

-717.5 -712.3 -5.3

-707.3 -702.1 -5.2

.. .. ..

3.6 3.5 -

1.2 1.3 -1.0

-2.7

..

26.0

0.1

-11.6 e -7.9 e -3.7 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.8 -4.7 -5.0 -

-2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works

-0.1

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-38.7 e -25.8 e -12.9 -

-25.3 e -16.2 e -9.1 -

-2.6 e -16.8 e -11.4 e -5.4 -

-2.7 -16.2 e -10.9 e -5.3 e -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.5

-3.6

-1.8

-

-

-

-

105.4

80.2

79.5

68.9 29.6 e 11.2 10.0 7.1

65.7 18.1 e 12.5 e 11.1 10.4

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

85.9 48.4 e 11.9 5.2 6.8 -

-

-

19.4 4.9 4.2

11.3 2.6 2.2

13.8 3.4 2.1

-

-

-

-

-2.5 -6.1 e -8.2 e -3.7 5.8 -

-

-3.0

-2.9

..

-8.8

2.8

-

-

..

x

x

46.5

44.3

43.0

..

-1.6

-3.4

43.4 11.2 e 9.6 e 11.4 3.7

41.8 6.6 e 7.4 10.7 6.5

40.5 6.9 e 7.2 9.9 6.7

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -5.6 0.3 4.5 2.5

-2.7 -5.2 -3.0 -0.6 -2.4

-2.0 e

3.2 1.3 e 1.9 e -

-

-

..

-

-

2.5 2.4 -

2.5 2.5 -

.. .. ..

-2.0 -2.0 -3.9

-9.1 -1.8 -

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) * and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace * gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using * calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.310 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

2000

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-08

1978

1990

2005

2006

2007

2008

484.73 408.08 408.08 44.63 3.66 10.08 11.51 7.54 11.83 8.54 -

701.66 637.00 630.72 6.27 0.17 52.18 1.71 14.26 11.97 11.28 12.98 5.99 -

866.16 835.53 820.06 15.48 - e 2.39 35.88 1.46 10.51 12.23 4.07 7.62 3.68 -

932.69 762.86 756.35 6.50 119.79 1.20 35.68 0.32 7.23 11.35 6.82 9.96 3.58 -

920.37 778.33 773.48 4.84 94.20 1.35 36.92 0.47 7.50 11.61 7.23 10.11 2.61 -

934.63 763.53 758.92 4.61 127.67 1.48 35.56 0.48 7.38 11.73 7.04 8.94 2.77 -

931.32 885.42 880.48 4.93 1.83 37.01 0.65 7.96 10.72 7.47 10.21 2.85 -

3.13 3.78 3.70 1.31 -6.17 2.93 0.32 3.41 0.77 -2.91 -

1.59 1.85 1.87 -1.33 13.96 -1.89 -5.19 -3.19 -0.61 -2.26 -1.32 -4.05 -

68.89 64.77 -

35.27 35.27 -

25.96 25.96 e -

20.89 2.81 18.45 -

20.90 2.26 18.56 -

20.52 2.37 18.24 -

19.99 20.02 -

-5.43 -4.94 -

-3.11 -3.10 -

30.77 28.49 28.49 2.19 2.19 0.09 -

79.02 72.04 70.94 1.10 5.64 1.24 0.23 0.00 1.01 0.11 -

74.27 70.01 68.76 1.25 5.67 1.42 0.24 0.00 1.18 0.05 -

76.14 70.49 68.44 2.06 5.39 0.29 0.24 0.01 0.05 0.01 -

75.79 68.63 66.62 2.01 5.59 0.29 0.24 0.01 0.05 0.01 -

71.85 65.48 65.48 5.33 0.32 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.10 -

70.44 63.37 63.37 5.30 0.28 0.24 0.04 -

8.18 8.04 7.90 -4.61 -6.27 1.52 -

-0.64 -0.71 -0.63 -0.34 -8.01 0.05 -16.40 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.311

UNITED STATES 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

29.96 62.13 43.89

36.39 124.76 67.87

38.52 97.68 71.64

31.51 125.20 134.45

40.50 205.30 253.47

44.47 228.94 213.57

46.45 252.05 218.95

54.32 401.40 281.88

57.97 259.67 144.61

36.26 48.94 52.81 .. 50.94

41.85 61.20 100.43 .. 76.71

40.00 52.01 76.81 .. 86.68

37.77 48.41 118.29 .. 132.99

56.31 91.26 207.40 .. 252.91

61.57 101.49 240.01 .. 234.92

64.85 103.44 271.97 .. 228.49

75.60 128.62 391.37 .. 288.82

77.31 155.77 260.28 .. 157.59

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

26.11 88.65 56.43

31.72 178.01 87.26

33.57 139.37 92.11

27.46 178.64 172.86

35.30 292.94 325.89

38.76 326.67 274.59

40.48 359.64 281.51

47.35 572.74 362.42

50.53 370.52 185.93

33.57 49.57 75.35 .. 65.50

38.74 61.99 143.30 .. 98.63

37.03 52.68 109.60 .. 111.44

34.97 49.04 168.79 .. 170.99

52.12 92.44 295.93 .. 325.17

56.99 102.79 342.47 .. 302.04

60.04 104.77 388.06 .. 293.77

69.99 130.28 558.43 .. 371.33

71.57 157.77 371.38 .. 202.61

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009e

1.03 0.10 .. .. 0.92

1.53 0.97 0.97 0.56

3.03 2.34 2.34 0.68

14.31 10.89 1.60 9.30 0.04 3.38

28.00 24.79 1.54 23.24 0.06 3.15

33.13 29.40 1.48 27.93 0.09 3.63

31.73 29.48 1.46 28.02 0.05 2.20

30.14 26.86 1.52 25.34 0.06 3.22

18.12 17.74 0.91 16.83 0.06 0.31

44.33 43.06 .. .. 1.27

82.98 81.19 57.98 23.20 0.03 1.76

97.12 96.58 59.39 37.19 0.03 0.51

54.74 53.69 30.72 22.97 0.03 1.02

42.09 40.42 24.46 15.97 0.10 1.56

42.13 40.60 23.46 17.14 0.08 1.44

49.56 48.12 27.46 20.66 0.15 1.29

68.89 67.01 36.31 30.71 0.13 1.75

49.83 48.55 31.80 16.76 0.11 1.17

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.312 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

2679

1771

2449

6533

11271

32691

32865

30913

20408

-

-

-

-

1547 1511 -

1533 72 1461 -

1515 1469 46

1580 1580 -

947 947 -

-

-

-

-

36 -

-

-

-

-

2679 933 49 645 -

1771 35 367 6

2449 22 883 5 -

6533 192 1197 39

9724 152 155 6

31158 150 288 1 96

31350 60 209 1 32

29333 135 140 1

19461 138 92 -

996 56

539 824 -

1296 238 5

2483 924 1675 23

18 6928 651 1813 1

39 22990 2855 56 853 3809 21

46 24370 3323 122 34 3107 46

41 23825 3060 34 2097 -

8 16137 1891 18 1177 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.313

UNITED STATES 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

27433

54715

57568

47255

29780

24946

29198

38599

33803

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

23813 956 5410 1468 560 2905 8991 505 929 68 265 688 299 409 360 -

45032 3381 6360 3471 586 7 13 54 5701 12613 1909 303 2975 98 244 2460 997 1716 2144 -

47603 5532 3988 50 86 4501 636 28 6377 10019 2908 3 3606 99 234 3156 764 1906 3710 -

36083 3546 4039 657 2863 329 36 4086 7193 2335 3609 83 27 1976 1006 1638 2660 -

22696 2343 3501 288 2197 419 65 48 3297 852 1096 355 1735 42 198 1993 642 1584 2041 -

17475 30 1596 4134 301 1280 927 70 19 2976 298 132 338 1303 54 1222 426 1106 1263 -

18314 125 1424 3299 90 1584 1056 30 3076 129 316 1848 10 401 284 1337 483 1306 1516 -

25183 294 1650 3266 210 240 1884 1030 126 10 50 68 2612 1266 970 642 3072 78 1552 643 1172 523 257 1703 1865 -

21722 280 1829 2168 25 73 131 1941 1500 31 46 1908 624 1562 551 2651 31 889 219 161 1432 434 127 1294 1815 -

3620 1342 205 218 673 1 914 24 243

9683 5240 286 457 1051 841 739 118 951

9965 5219 357 586 50 1559 485 648 21 1040

11172 5748 336 1119 127 1528 300 400 400 1214

6698 4093 116 682 22 56 443 269 184 833

7471 3935 649 890 75 382 366 1174

10884 5813 1379 800 209 500 296 1887

13416 5457 71 1230 1439 1518 648 472 2581

12061 6714 77 574 1869 294 440 459 893 741

-

-

-

-

386

-

-

-

20

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.314 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports

9837

29333

38344

33074

23226

19914

24161

35089

19577

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

9370 8782 38 36 22 160 300 27 5 -

25691 1 634 8508 1958 1152 594 392 1112 7 335 3599 1331 1020 44 2765 143 626 674 230 8 275 283 -

32669 1 2178 10083 2842 1740 320 15 1322 4451 2074 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 987 -

29034 937 4541 1905 530 457 1562 829 3194 3696 2081 3015 25 1562 2111 8 191 2390 -

21978 278 13524 70 564 467 456 65 3181 508 373 643 74 343 441 55 936 -

18450 363 13909 348 360 195 569 4 384 156 593 267 250 1052 -

20273 75 483 13386 72 176 578 1009 74 135 5 72 148 2278 258 1 1523 -

31435 1144 17555 139 185 1263 1256 66 74 287 306 255 457 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 -

17749 24 602 7447 218 71 1111 729 152 217 198 392 611 2682 801 149 1 2344 -

95 11 1 82 1 -

3642 78 2575 421 176 110 2 280

5673 79 3820 530 682 402 108 5 47

4038 13 2033 1 562 271 1099 59

971 22 825 49 9 66

1464 176 3 71 927 190 19 3 1 74

3888 95 2 1 1069 2212 431 10 68

3527 328 72 73 1715 817 220 302

1694 6 1 630 771 140 1 145

372

-

2

2

277

-

-

127

134

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America China(2) Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.315

UNITED STATES 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

..

..

43.12

59.82

111.68

120.55

105.88

129.17

127.79

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 43.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

51.71 61.37 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

61.90 116.62 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

65.04 123.29 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 107.23 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 129.17 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 127.79 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal(3)

36.86

36.50

31.11

40.10

47.39

50.55

49.53

61.88

68.57

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

45.99 26.95 .. .. .. .. 40.64 .. ..

34.16 35.65 .. .. .. .. 34.33 .. ..

31.84 30.82 .. .. .. 79.56 28.92 .. ..

34.61 54.05 .. .. .. 60.26 38.17 104.43 94.40

35.09 69.63 .. .. .. 103.19 47.17 .. 63.72

48.18 60.63 .. .. .. 109.06 51.34 33.61 57.81

34.93 59.70 .. .. .. 103.58 51.03 .. 60.80

58.63 53.24 .. .. .. .. 62.85 107.32 ..

63.43 78.02 .. .. .. .. 67.76 .. ..

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.316 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 13. Coal export values by destination* (average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

51.55

48.47

42.98

70.14

89.91

111.72

98.10

148.39

129.77

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

52.98 41.81 30.83 49.30 49.93 51.40 x x 52.78 50.34 51.94 66.52 50.47 53.97 53.76 x 50.88 53.46 x x

50.67 40.31 x 47.01 49.69 52.38 x x 51.38 45.35 51.32 x 51.20 53.04 52.60 x 47.93 51.83 x x

44.05 35.61 x 43.90 44.19 40.06 x x 49.45 41.99 45.46 74.32 38.54 43.31 48.17 x 38.17 46.13 x x

66.19 55.21 x 65.30 71.81 50.95 x x 66.99 98.14 72.20 99.46 35.00 49.70 54.31 56.90 73.43 61.35 x x

88.93 71.82 x 86.04 99.69 111.12 x x 86.21 100.61 93.04 109.84 x 77.98 69.27 x 111.52 92.21 x x

99.65 85.70 x 90.82 102.30 108.85 x x 104.96 89.80 95.44 x x 97.67 100.90 x 102.15 108.20 x x

98.07 84.83 x 103.00 96.39 92.86 x x 104.34 x 94.55 122.19 x 102.18 104.18 x 96.89 99.41 x x

127.74 100.31 61.92 241.61 126.48 121.70 147.74 90.00 121.55 157.59 129.86 144.71 x 131.61 117.30 116.02 224.53 133.40 x x

126.93 99.83 63.50 114.55 123.78 109.95 x x 128.06 181.25 124.48 173.02 62.88 129.74 155.54 118.09 126.34 117.05 x x

Steam coal(1)

39.99

38.94

31.84

53.93

67.09

55.66

52.61

62.76

81.33

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

41.48 33.62 37.89 x 40.87 38.83 x 43.05 44.93 41.76 43.17 58.16 44.04 39.25 38.57 x 23.41 47.41 x x

38.66 33.74 35.09 39.17 38.72 36.72 40.89 39.75 45.97 38.61 40.53 x 39.99 45.59 53.51 x 34.12 37.01 x x

27.48 31.87 27.65 x 28.96 29.11 x 30.17 30.67 34.90 28.90 19.54 29.44 23.16 x 189.05 38.43 28.13 x x

46.26 46.69 38.00 x 114.68 37.13 x x 46.90 91.47 43.79 x 45.22 29.02 260.00 x 44.97 38.73 x x

58.94 60.16 42.00 x 40.17 48.08 x x 89.78 105.21 76.28 x 50.33 61.22 117.24 x 104.55 74.26 x x

58.36 49.06 59.11 56.58 64.19 69.89 x x 51.04 166.53 69.91 x 56.43 49.43 x x 46.09 52.59 x x

66.32 44.34 84.60 99.11 91.66 63.28 x 73.21 76.87 198.41 69.83 x 59.75 45.82 x x 44.99 51.74 x x

89.15 38.83 96.49 125.87 102.43 83.25 72.00 101.56 116.28 143.02 79.14 x 67.00 72.22 56.00 65.00 82.72 68.99 x x

117.67 63.73 55.77 68.50 152.78 101.53 63.99 x 107.99 113.97 82.78 x 102.41 105.24 x 108.38 81.71 72.49 x x

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.1

PART V NON-OECD COAL DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.3

GENERAL NOTES In Part V, the statistical tables on world hard coal supply and end-use and on coal production, consumption and trade for the major non-OECD countries supplement the information presented in Parts II and III of this book1.

World hard coal supply and end-use statistics This section provides historical data for world hard coal supply and end-use for 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005 to 2008. These data summarise information published in the IEA/OECD publications Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2010 Edition, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2010 Edition and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 2010 Edition. In cases where it is available, estimated coal trade statistics are shown for 2009.

Coal balances These tables show all coal use for selected non-OECD countries in a format whereby coal production, imports, exports and stock changes “balance” transformation uses and final consumption. The transformation of coal into secondary products is clearly accounted for. Data for 2009 are preliminary and revised in the IEA quarterly publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics.

Calorific values used to convert primary coal data for OECD countries to million tons of coal equivalent (Mtce) are reported on page 27 in Part I. Calorific values of coal in non-OECD countries are published annually in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries.

Coal trade Trade tables show steam and coking coal imports and exports by origin and destination for major nonOECD coal importers and exporters. In order to provide a breakdown of trade between steam coal and coking coal, the data have been gathered from a variety of sources, including from official submissions by OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat and UNECE Member countries to the UNECE Secretariat (in Geneva), published national sources for each country and from commercial publications. Data reported by exporting countries have been used where no importing country detail is available. Similarly, importing country data have been used in cases where exporting countries do not provide a breakdown of their exports by coal type. Due to classification anomalies and differences in reporting methods and time periods covered, the detailed data in the trade tables may not agree with coal trade data presented elsewhere in Coal Information.

1. Data for Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine are available only after 1990. Data for all former Soviet Union republics as well as data for the total Former Soviet Union before 1990 are available on CD (Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.5

World hard coal supply and end-use 1980 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1335.1 71.6 8.0 20.2 27.7 20.2 94.5 0.9 0.1 18.0 18.6 3.1 1.9 193.1 0.2 12.8 0.0 3.6 130.1 710.2 0.3

217.8 0.0 2.9 10.1 15.6 2.3 10.0 4.7 29.4 16.2 0.5 0.8 1.2 17.2 68.6 5.0 0.8 7.2 1.0 0.4 5.7 2.2 0.9 7.3 1.1 6.7

196.5 42.4 0.5 15.3 5.8 0.0 0.4 12.7 0.0 0.1 1.5 0.1 30.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 83.2 0.1

301.0 7.4 2.4 8.0 7.4 13.5 0.1 15.7 38.9 0.4 1.4 11.3 66.0 4.7 4.0 3.7 0.2 25.4 0.3 5.9 1.7 2.6 13.7 62.9 3.6

820.8 23.9 0.0 5.5 12.7 9.3 4.8 24.5 45.1 0.0 5.0 9.6 1.9 2.4 0.3 92.6 0.2 9.5 0.1 0.8 92.0 478.7 2.1

41.1 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.1 2.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 19.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 8.9 2.5 0.0

Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe

561.7 553.0 0.4 8.3

21.5 7.3 3.4 10.8

29.4 29.4 -

142.1 131.5 3.3 7.2

161.0 154.9 0.3 5.8

0.0 0.0 -

Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia

775.8 620.2 111.0 0.3 34.1 2.6 7.6

8.6 2.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.5 4.6 0.9

7.3 6.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6

150.6 127.3 17.4 4.3 1.5 0.1

179.7 126.5 44.0 5.3 2.4 1.5

120.8 115.7 4.4 0.6

Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East

120.8 115.1 2.8 2.9

2.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 1.3

28.6 28.2 0.2 0.2

17.4 0.9 13.8 1.0 1.8

53.5 52.3 0.4 0.8

2.4 2.3 0.0 0.0

7.5 1.7 4.2 1.6

6.4 4.5 1.8

0.1 0.1 -

7.8 5.7 0.7 1.4

1.9 0.1 0.7 1.1

0.2 0.2 -

2800.9

256.5

261.8

618.8

1216.9

164.5

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 1985 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1385.9 122.3 7.7 34.3 26.4 17.1 88.8 0.6 0.1 16.4 22.5 5.2 0.1 2.3 191.6 0.2 16.1 0.0 3.6 94.1 735.9 0.5

270.3 3.6 9.3 14.6 1.4 12.5 5.1 18.8 15.5 2.0 0.5 1.9 22.2 93.4 17.1 0.6 11.6 1.1 1.4 8.4 4.9 2.7 12.7 1.8 7.1

258.0 88.6 1.3 27.4 5.4 0.1 0.0 1.0 9.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.4 36.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.4 84.0 0.2

259.8 5.8 2.4 7.8 6.4 12.6 0.1 12.0 31.7 0.9 0.0 10.5 69.3 7.3 3.8 4.1 0.1 20.5 0.4 5.2 1.6 3.7 10.3 39.4 4.0

941.9 30.0 0.1 5.1 13.3 11.3 4.1 16.1 49.7 0.3 0.1 8.9 23.8 6.9 1.5 4.9 0.5 95.8 0.4 16.6 1.8 0.6 75.7 572.2 2.1

41.2 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 20.4 0.0 0.6 0.5 8.6 2.6 0.0

578.3 569.0 0.4 8.9

30.7 11.4 4.7 14.6

31.2 31.2 -

138.1 124.0 4.7 9.4

167.2 160.6 0.3 6.2

-

1041.2 837.3 150.5 1.9 40.0 1.9 9.8

25.6 2.3 5.5 2.0 2.5 10.1 3.2

10.0 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.6

134.8 107.5 18.9 5.0 2.7 0.7

273.4 179.0 5.2 74.7 6.0 5.2 3.3

161.4 156.2 4.6 0.5

180.1 173.5 3.1 3.5

6.8 1.2 3.1 0.0 2.5

47.8 47.6 0.1 0.1

17.6 1.2 13.0 0.8 2.6

68.9 2.9 64.0 0.9 1.1

1.9 1.9 0.1 0.0

12.3 1.7 8.8 1.9

9.7 8.0 1.6

3.2 3.2 -

11.8 9.5 0.8 1.5

2.4 0.1 1.1 1.2

0.2 0.2 0.0

3197.8

343.0

350.2

562.1

1453.8

204.7

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.7

World hard coal supply and end-use 1990 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1455.7 158.6 2.4 37.7 22.4 11.2 76.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 8.0 17.2 6.9 2.4 147.7 0.3 14.6 0.0 2.7 92.8 853.6 0.3

307.3 3.6 14.8 14.2 2.3 10.3 6.1 19.4 13.6 1.4 0.6 3.1 20.4 106.9 23.7 0.2 17.4 0.0 0.6 4.7 10.5 3.5 5.6 14.8 2.4 7.3

275.7 103.4 0.7 31.0 5.0 0.1 0.6 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.3 28.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 95.9 0.3

243.7 6.3 2.3 7.3 5.0 10.8 0.8 11.1 24.1 1.0 0.0 8.8 66.8 11.9 2.9 3.9 18.3 0.3 4.8 1.6 4.7 10.2 37.0 3.9

1028.6 38.2 1.4 6.6 12.2 4.9 9.4 3.9 11.0 51.9 2.0 10.8 31.1 7.7 4.0 8.7 0.4 77.6 3.3 18.9 1.2 0.5 84.0 637.0 2.0

25.3 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 10.9 0.0 0.5 1.4 4.2 2.3 0.1

517.2 512.3 0.3 4.6

119.0 106.5 1.0 11.5

139.9 139.9 -

117.4 109.9 0.8 6.7

246.1 238.5 0.3 7.3

23.1 22.9 0.2

1314.3 1050.7 211.2 6.8 35.7 0.5 9.5

43.5 2.0 8.9 6.0 2.6 18.5 5.4

23.6 17.3 0.1 4.9 0.5 0.8

169.3 134.0 24.9 5.1 4.2 1.1

449.5 302.0 9.9 119.5 5.6 8.6 3.9

172.8 167.0 5.4 0.4

183.3 174.8 5.3 3.1

8.1 1.3 4.0 0.1 2.7

50.1 49.9 0.1 0.1

16.4 1.3 12.3 0.9 2.0

82.8 0.0 3.7 74.3 2.7 2.2

2.4 2.3 0.1 0.0

26.8 0.6 21.4 4.7

13.3 10.1 3.2

15.4 13.5 1.9

12.9 10.3 0.8 1.8

4.3 0.0 1.5 2.7

0.2 0.2 0.0

3497.2

491.4

504.7

559.7

1811.2

223.7

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 1995 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1404.8 191.1 0.0 0.6 38.6 17.7 8.5 58.9 0.0 6.3 5.7 9.3 3.2 137.2 13.5 2.2 53.0 858.6 0.3

351.0 3.0 14.1 9.7 2.7 13.0 5.8 13.2 15.1 1.4 1.4 2.9 18.5 127.4 45.8 0.8 17.1 1.5 6.0 13.4 3.5 5.9 15.9 6.5 6.4

298.6 136.7 0.0 0.8 34.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.3 31.9 0.0 0.9 80.3 0.2

211.1 6.1 1.9 4.9 4.2 7.5 1.7 9.4 13.8 1.4 7.0 62.9 14.1 2.7 4.1 16.6 0.5 3.3 1.7 4.2 8.1 31.4 3.5

1103.3 40.6 1.1 6.2 9.6 5.1 10.4 4.1 8.8 55.1 0.1 2.3 8.2 47.6 16.7 7.6 9.3 0.5 55.8 4.6 23.3 0.9 1.2 59.6 723.0 1.6

24.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 13.9 0.4 1.3 2.8 2.8 0.0

318.2 317.5 0.1 0.6

51.4 42.9 0.2 8.3

49.6 49.6 0.0 -

84.4 77.9 0.0 6.4

183.4 181.1 0.1 2.2

15.4 15.4 -

1685.4 1342.9 268.3 35.5 23.7 0.2 14.8

62.0 1.6 9.1 12.5 0.6 1.0 28.7 8.3

63.9 28.6 0.7 31.3 0.4 2.9

270.4 232.9 31.2 1.0 4.2 1.1

728.0 502.3 9.7 190.5 4.0 16.4 5.1

141.0 134.8 5.4 0.8

214.2 206.2 4.7 3.3

12.4 1.5 7.1 0.4 3.5

59.9 59.7 0.2 0.0

12.2 1.7 7.7 0.7 2.0

99.2 6.6 86.4 2.8 3.4

2.6 2.6 0.0 0.0

31.3 0.2 25.7 5.5

15.7 11.8 3.9

22.6 18.3 4.3

13.9 11.4 1.1 1.4

4.7 0.0 1.8 2.9

0.2 0.2 0.0

3654.0

492.5

494.6

592.0

2118.6

183.4

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.9

World hard coal supply and end-use 2000 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1394.6 239.4 0.4 33.8 14.9 3.8 37.4 3.0 4.2 11.3 3.6 103.3 11.3 2.4 31.2 894.0 0.6

442.9 3.4 11.3 18.8 1.1 6.4 5.1 19.0 27.9 1.2 1.2 2.7 19.0 150.3 63.7 2.4 22.5 1.5 6.4 21.6 3.1 13.0 23.4 11.3 6.3

315.5 187.0 1.4 32.1 5.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 1.5 23.2 0.0 0.7 53.0 0.6

193.2 4.9 1.9 4.3 4.2 5.4 1.3 7.0 11.6 1.3 6.7 60.0 16.4 2.7 3.1 13.2 0.5 3.8 1.8 4.3 8.2 27.4 3.2

1251.5 51.1 1.4 4.4 15.7 3.9 6.2 3.5 10.4 51.8 0.0 2.3 9.5 64.9 36.2 9.6 8.6 0.8 51.7 5.2 28.1 0.5 1.9 46.9 835.5 1.4

14.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 0.1 0.8 1.9 2.2 0.0

289.7 289.2 0.1 0.4

41.4 34.5 0.9 6.0

68.0 68.0 0.0 -

83.5 79.8 0.1 3.6

144.0 141.3 0.6 2.1

16.5 16.4 0.0

1645.1 1231.1 311.4 62.8 22.5 0.1 17.2

86.2 2.2 6.1 20.9 0.1 0.1 40.7 16.1

117.8 55.1 1.3 57.3 0.4 3.7

228.7 195.4 26.3 0.1 5.9 1.0

923.9 613.0 6.9 259.5 3.8 28.7 12.0

78.3 71.7 5.6 1.0

231.7 0.1 224.2 4.3 3.2

19.0 1.8 9.9 1.1 0.0 6.1

70.5 0.1 69.9 0.0 0.5

12.1 1.9 6.8 1.0 2.3

114.8 10.2 98.1 2.0 4.4

1.6 1.5 0.0 0.0

46.9 0.2 38.2 8.5

19.7 13.2 6.5

43.3 35.4 7.9

14.8 12.1 1.2 1.5

5.0 0.1 0.8 4.1

0.1 0.1 -

3608.0

609.1

615.1

532.3

2439.3

111.3

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 2005 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1483.0 300.2 0.1 29.1 13.3 0.6 28.0 0.1 2.8 10.8 5.0 97.9 8.5 2.2 20.5 962.4 1.5

539.6 4.3 8.8 14.1 1.3 6.0 4.7 19.9 37.1 0.6 1.4 2.9 24.2 177.0 76.8 7.3 20.4 1.1 3.4 5.3 24.8 3.2 17.4 44.0 27.5 6.3

342.9 231.3 0.0 1.2 28.1 5.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 2.3 19.4 0.0 0.5 45.1 1.7

181.7 5.5 1.9 3.5 4.3 5.2 1.3 6.4 11.6 0.8 5.9 62.9 16.6 2.4 3.2 0.8 11.6 3.8 2.0 4.3 5.7 18.8 3.3

1240.5 56.8 1.9 3.0 13.2 3.3 5.9 2.9 10.3 47.4 0.2 2.3 16.0 92.3 52.7 14.9 8.3 2.4 50.9 5.4 27.9 0.4 5.2 52.5 762.9 1.6

11.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.0

352.2 352.2 0.0

41.2 32.3 1.7 7.3

115.1 115.1 -

87.6 83.2 0.6 3.8

151.5 148.0 0.9 2.6

5.4 5.2 0.0 0.2

2776.4 2158.9 404.5 143.6 26.9 42.5

163.7 26.2 10.8 38.6 0.1 0.2 55.5 32.4

222.9 71.7 2.0 127.4 2.8 19.0

431.2 382.5 42.0 0.2 5.9 0.6

1575.4 1166.4 10.0 331.3 4.0 41.4 22.3

84.6 77.5 5.5 1.5

252.0 0.0 245.0 3.6 3.3

23.8 1.8 12.7 1.9 0.1 7.4

72.0 0.1 71.4 0.5

12.4 1.8 7.6 0.8 2.3

130.4 12.7 109.2 2.3 6.1

4.9 4.9 0.0 0.1

67.4 0.5 59.1 7.8

21.4 13.7 0.0 7.7

60.8 53.6 7.2

15.5 12.9 1.0 1.6

6.1 0.1 1.0 5.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

4931.0

789.7

813.8

728.5

3103.9

106.5

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.11

World hard coal supply and end-use 2006 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1505.4 299.7 0.0 29.9 13.4 0.5 23.8 0.0 2.8 11.5 5.5 95.2 8.4 2.3 18.5 991.5 2.4

574.7 4.1 8.1 15.9 2.0 8.7 6.7 20.4 42.1 0.4 1.8 2.6 24.6 179.1 79.7 7.6 22.8 1.2 5.3 5.8 23.7 3.1 20.3 50.5 32.7 5.6

344.2 231.3 1.1 28.0 6.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 2.7 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 44.9 2.3

186.1 4.7 1.9 3.7 4.3 5.2 1.2 6.6 12.0 1.3 6.4 63.2 16.7 2.5 3.1 0.8 13.3 3.8 2.3 4.8 6.1 19.0 3.3

1269.7 57.8 2.0 2.6 15.0 3.6 8.9 6.3 8.6 50.0 0.2 2.0 15.9 89.5 55.1 14.7 8.2 2.3 53.1 5.4 24.5 0.6 5.5 57.9 778.3 1.6

12.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.0

364.1 364.1 0.0

46.5 37.9 1.9 6.8

122.3 122.3 0.0 -

85.8 81.4 0.7 3.7

171.6 168.1 0.8 2.7

7.5 7.3 0.0 0.2

3019.8 2320.2 428.4 195.8 27.2 48.2

187.3 38.1 11.4 43.1 0.1 0.2 57.1 37.4

261.1 63.2 1.6 171.4 2.5 22.4

491.7 439.7 45.6 0.2 5.8 0.5

1771.9 1333.3 9.9 355.5 4.1 42.9 26.3

82.2 74.8 5.6 1.8

251.7 0.0 244.8 3.4 3.4

24.1 1.8 12.8 1.9 0.0 7.7

69.4 0.1 68.7 0.5

11.9 1.7 7.1 0.8 2.3

132.1 12.7 110.7 2.2 6.4

5.6 5.5 0.0 0.0

74.1 0.2 65.6 8.3

22.0 13.4 8.6

69.4 62.0 7.4

15.1 12.5 0.9 1.7

7.2 0.1 1.1 6.0

0.1 0.1 -

5215.0

854.7

866.4

790.7

3352.4

107.6

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 2007 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1516.4 324.6 32.8 12.9 0.4 24.2 0.2 2.9 12.5 4.6 88.3 7.9 2.5 17.0 981.7 4.0

586.0 4.4 7.4 10.4 2.6 8.1 6.7 19.0 46.3 0.6 2.0 2.3 25.0 187.0 88.3 5.5 26.0 0.7 5.9 4.8 24.4 3.2 22.9 43.4 32.9 6.4

367.1 243.6 0.0 1.5 30.4 6.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 2.0 11.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 53.4 3.4

186.0 4.6 1.9 3.5 4.3 4.9 1.2 6.7 11.5 1.5 6.2 63.8 17.0 2.5 3.1 0.8 14.1 0.0 3.9 2.1 4.5 6.1 18.7 3.2

1259.4 59.6 2.0 2.2 8.7 4.3 7.5 5.5 9.3 52.6 0.3 1.8 17.0 94.3 60.9 14.7 8.7 1.2 53.0 4.4 27.2 0.4 5.9 53.0 763.5 1.3

12.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.0

370.7 370.5 0.2

48.6 38.8 2.0 7.8

131.3 131.2 0.0 0.1

90.4 86.4 0.7 3.2

167.2 163.1 0.9 3.2

5.8 5.6 0.3

3221.8 2466.4 454.4 223.8 23.9 53.3

218.2 51.0 12.3 49.8 0.1 0.1 59.3 45.6

288.8 53.1 1.6 197.0 3.7 33.3

540.8 484.0 50.3 0.1 5.7 0.6

1927.2 1459.4 10.6 377.0 3.4 43.8 33.0

79.3 71.7 5.8 1.8

254.3 0.0 247.7 3.2 3.4

24.8 1.7 13.5 1.8 0.0 7.7

66.4 0.1 65.9 0.5

11.4 1.7 6.7 0.7 2.3

138.0 13.4 116.4 2.1 6.1

4.8 4.8 0.0 0.0

78.2 0.2 69.9 8.1

25.6 14.9 10.8

72.0 64.6 7.4

16.5 13.8 0.9 1.8

7.9 0.1 1.2 6.6

0.1 0.1 -

5441.5

903.3

925.6

845.0

3499.7

102.6

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.13

World hard coal supply and end-use 2008 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1532.1 325.4 0.0 32.8 12.7 0.3 19.1 0.1 2.8 11.5 4.7 84.3 7.3 2.6 18.1 1007.2 3.3

582.7 4.1 7.4 11.1 2.3 7.6 5.7 21.3 45.4 0.7 1.9 2.5 25.1 184.2 99.6 4.3 21.2 0.6 10.3 3.8 21.0 2.9 19.5 43.9 30.9 5.6

389.9 252.2 0.0 1.2 31.5 6.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 2.6 8.5 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.6 73.7 3.3

184.7 4.6 1.9 2.9 4.3 5.0 1.2 6.7 11.3 1.4 5.9 59.9 18.8 2.5 3.1 0.7 13.3 0.0 3.6 2.1 5.9 6.1 20.7 3.0

1351.3 60.0 1.7 2.0 6.0 3.5 6.7 3.7 8.5 47.3 0.3 1.7 16.9 90.2 68.7 10.8 8.2 2.0 48.9 4.0 18.9 0.3 6.2 48.3 885.4 1.1

15.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.3 3.9 0.7 0.0

388.6 388.5 0.0

55.7 45.9 2.2 7.5

145.0 145.0 0.0 0.0

81.2 78.3 0.7 2.2

173.4 169.0 0.9 3.5

6.5 6.3 0.2

3533.6 2734.4 488.6 235.1 25.1 50.4

219.1 40.3 11.3 59.0 0.1 0.2 58.0 50.1

273.9 45.3 1.7 202.6 2.6 21.7

562.0 502.9 51.7 0.2 5.9 1.4

2001.0 1503.8 9.7 405.5 3.8 42.2 36.0

92.9 85.2 5.8 1.9

258.8 0.0 252.3 3.0 3.5

23.2 1.7 12.8 1.3 0.0 7.4

60.6 0.1 60.0 0.5

10.3 1.7 6.1 0.7 1.9

133.9 12.7 113.1 2.0 6.2

5.5 5.5 0.0 0.0

81.0 0.4 73.5 7.1

26.6 15.3 11.2

73.8 67.8 6.0

16.9 13.9 1.0 2.0

9.5 0.2 1.1 8.2

0.1 0.1 -

5794.0

907.2

943.2

855.1

3669.1

120.8

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

BRAZIL Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

3.6 5.3 -0.4

5.1 8.6 0.7

2.8 11.3 -0.2

2.9 14.0 0.0

3.7 14.8 0.1

3.5 15.2 -0.0 -0.1

3.4 16.1 -0.0 -0.1

3.8 16.9 -0.0 -1.0

-2.5 7.9 x

1.8 2.3 x

Primary supply

8.5

14.4

13.8

16.9

18.6

18.6

19.4

19.6

5.0

2.0

Statistical difference

0.2

0.2

0.1

-0.1

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.3

x

x

Total transformation

-4.0

-6.1

-6.7

-8.0

-9.7

-8.2

-8.5

-9.0

5.2

1.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.3 -1.0 -0.3

-2.0 -1.5 -0.5

-2.1 -1.4 -0.7

-2.5 -1.9 -0.6

-4.6 -3.3 -1.3

-4.1 -2.7 -1.5

-4.2 -2.8 -1.5

-4.7 -2.5 -2.1

5.3 3.6 10.3

4.5 3.3 6.4

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.8 -2.2 -0.6 -

-4.2 -3.4 -0.8 -

-4.5 -3.4 -1.1 -

-5.5 -4.6 -1.0 -

-5.1 -4.6 -0.6 -

-4.1 -3.8 -0.3 -

-4.3 -4.0 -0.3 -

-4.3 -4.0 -0.3 -

5.1 4.5 7.3 -

-0.3 0.9 -7.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.4

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-0.4

6.1

-3.4

Losses

-0.9

-1.5

-0.9

-1.0

-0.5

-0.5

-0.5

-0.4

x

x

3.3

6.1

5.5

7.0

7.7

8.9

9.4

9.5

5.2

3.1

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.1 2.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

5.8 3.7 0.2 1.4 0.2

5.4 3.8 0.1 0.9 0.2

6.9 5.4 0.2 0.6 0.1

7.5 6.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

8.7 7.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

9.2 7.4 0.1 0.2 0.1

9.3 7.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

5.5 4.2 47.6 7.2 8.3

3.1 4.0 0.3 -8.4 -3.5

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-12.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

-0.9

1.7

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.15

BRAZIL Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

3547

8049

10146

11790

14833

13699

14800

17674

14877

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3503 164 600 15 2724 -

7958 958 899 861 5240 -

9801 1291 1108 1249 5219 -

11438 3448 625 790 5498 -

10695 5247 1382 4066 -

9396 3501 1944 3523 128

10330 3571 1234 4888 135

11312 3866 939 5437 97

8947 3483 728 4736 -

-

-

254 670 10

85 932 39 21

-

300 -

125 133 244 -

664 166 19 1 123

-

44 11 -

91 13 78 -

345 158 98 5 5 79 -

352 140 37 13 -

4138 18 2 -

4303 32 660 644

4470 1359 45 214 169

6362 29 846 350 199

5930 756 211 2548 -

33 -

-

-

62 100 -

585 149 468 1919 997 -

366 426 211 249 514 226 450 429 96

139 476 145 752 73 755 343 -

230 1207 70 1530 570 31 1096 160 44

1326 202 296 565 26

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

BULGARIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

7.4 6.1 -0.1

7.5 7.4 -

7.7 5.5 -0.1 0.1

7.6 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

6.2 3.5 -0.2 -0.2

6.0 3.7 -0.0 0.3

6.9 4.4 -0.0 -0.0

6.9 4.6 -0.0 -0.8

0.4 -1.0 x

-0.6 -1.0 -6.1 x

Primary supply

13.4

15.0

13.2

10.9

9.2

9.9

11.2

10.7

-0.2

-1.2

Statistical difference

-0.0

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

0.0

0.0

x

x

Total transformation

-8.3

-8.5

-10.6

-9.0

-7.7

-8.5

-9.9

-9.7

2.5

-0.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-7.7 -7.4 -0.2

-7.8 -7.6 -0.3

-10.2 -9.4 -0.7

-8.2 -7.3 -0.9

-7.1 -6.8 -0.2

-8.1 -7.8 -0.2

-9.3 -9.1 -0.2

-9.6 -9.5 -0.0

2.9 2.5 11.6

-0.3 0.1 -16.0

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.6 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -

-0.7 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -

-0.5 -0.0 -0.0 -0.4 -

-0.8 -0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -

-0.7 -0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -

-0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -

-0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.0 -

-3.1 -21.1 7.1 -

-6.5 7.7 -17.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

-

-2.8

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

x

x

5.1

6.5

2.3

1.6

1.0

1.1

1.2

0.9

-7.6

-5.0

3.6 0.5 -

5.2 0.7 -

1.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 -

0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 -

0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 -

0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 -

0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 -

0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 -

-10.2 3.6 -

-3.8 -7.6 -1.6 4.3 -

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.5 1.2

1.3 1.1

1.1 0.0 1.0

0.7 0.0 0.7

0.3 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.3

-3.1 -2.2

-6.8 -5.2 -6.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.17

BULGARIA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

6201

8054

5790

3453

1184

1744

4268

4913

3080

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1921 -

1553 29 -

1100 44 -

1734 177 542 5

536 140 298 -

10 1 8 -

667 35 544 -

419 318 28

14 4 -

1921 -

1524 -

156 900 -

100 110 800 -

98 -

1 -

34 32 22

56 13 4

9 1 -

4280 -

6501 -

4690 -

1719 5 4

648 -

1734 66 100 38 -

3601 88

4494 30

3066 1 12

4280 -

6501 -

4690 -

60 1010 640 -

285 363 -

858 623 49

70 890 2099 319 135

33 1280 2735 372 44

1180 1829 44

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

443.9 1.5 -6.0 7.1

584.4 1.7 -7.4 -18.9

748.4 1.5 -17.3 22.3

965.4 1.2 -35.0 -2.7

927.5 2.1 -65.1 29.1

1636.2 21.3 -79.0 -24.8

1874.5 39.7 -64.5 -13.8

2075.6 31.6 -54.3 -43.8

5.4 -0.0 11.1 x

5.8 18.5 6.6 x

Primary supply

446.5

559.8

754.9

928.8

893.6

1553.7

1835.8

2009.1

5.4

5.6

Statistical difference

-15.6

-15.7

-36.7

43.1

9.9

9.2

43.7

31.8

x

x

Total transformation

-115.5

-146.8

-247.3

-415.2

-491.1

-963.9

-1219.2

-1249.8

7.9

9.4

-88.7 -88.2 -0.5

-122.4 -121.8 -0.6

-209.8 -208.6 -1.2

-350.4 -347.9 -2.5

-450.1 -445.7 -4.4

-855.3 -845.7 -9.5

-1069.1 -1058.1 -11.0

-1101.0 -1090.2 -10.8

9.0 9.0 9.5

9.6 9.6 12.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works

-1.1

-0.7

-3.2

-5.4

-5.9

-9.5

-10.6

-9.3

11.0

6.2

-25.7 -17.0 -8.7 -

-23.8 -17.6 -6.2 -

-34.3 -26.6 -7.7 -

-59.4 -49.6 -9.8 -0.1

-35.1 -32.6 -2.4 -0.1

-99.2 -81.6 -14.5 -3.1

-139.5 -110.9 -25.6 -3.0

-139.5 -110.0 -27.1 -2.5

2.9 4.6 -1.2 -

8.1 8.2 7.3 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.5

-8.3

-21.3

-39.6

-44.8

-66.6

-72.8

-84.7

16.8

8.0

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-

-

-

x

x

310.9

388.9

449.6

517.0

367.4

532.5

587.6

706.3

3.8

2.5

194.6 53.8 42.1 32.5 5.5

223.8 36.1 31.1 59.4 8.5

253.0 43.4 31.7 70.4 10.0

350.8 74.2 61.3 95.5 14.0

260.4 73.1 40.9 74.3 8.9

398.8 146.9 40.1 121.0 12.2

454.9 186.1 47.9 123.4 12.3

551.7 201.9 63.5 167.8 17.0

2.7 -2.1 -2.8 8.0 6.2

4.4 8.9 3.9 4.9 3.0

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

13.6

15.8

14.1

9.1

7.8

5.8

4.7

4.7

0.4

-6.0

102.7 3.2 80.7

137.6 4.9 106.7

155.1 8.6 116.9

137.5 7.9 100.5

86.8 7.2 60.3

96.3 7.4 65.9

92.0 7.3 61.1

106.6 13.2 68.9

4.2 10.3 3.8

-2.1 2.4 -2.9

-

11.7

27.4

19.7

12.4

31.6

36.0

43.3

-

2.6

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.19

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

2440

2307

2003

1635

2119

26173

47625

45616

136957

-

200 200 -

900 600 300 -

354 248 106

547 547 -

7195 4422 1239 179

6215 2285 221 366

10269 1435 560 10 186

34731 22964 3260 512 244

-

-

-

-

-

61 1294

419 60 14 2850

4160 214 3704

1814 1911 4026

2440 -

2107 -

1103 -

1281 1064 -

1572 1034 -

18978 2307 12 796

41410 2234 456

35347 2547 179 128 -

102226 21638 833 1 292 65

2440

2107

1103

171 46 -

141 325 72 -

2260 791 11469 1343

10277 208 11 24611 3613

11634 546 20 16906 3387

37851 732 9773 1 24078 6962

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

300

2500

4000

4555

6470

5260

3006

4652

1463

300 300 -

1211 1211 -

1302 1301 1 -

3312 63 63 2201 985 -

5989 3631 2358 -

4984 3279 1627 78 -

2656 1456 1200 -

3516 10 2178 1033 191 104 -

1388 184 969 235 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

1289 400 889 -

2698 100 400 2198 -

1243 57 48 125 2 1011 -

481 21 360 100 -

276 266 10 -

350 74 56 220 -

1136 664 216 256 -

75 75 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.21

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

2820

5270

13280

24062

48578

66413

50677

42718

21331

534 21 513 -

2663 112 29 46 9 2427 1 34 5

6879 292 57 100 1776 8 310 3258 838 152 4 8 69 7

17482 406 956 57 455 7717 7362 449 80 -

33172 109 114 452 228 383 12585 18760 2 146 36 199 43 107 8 -

37205 297 70 8 79 15947 18481 8 148 24 184 1736 163 60 -

35455 170 187 14159 18579 49 10 2280 21 -

29073 134 254 11407 16118 11 1057 24 68

15442 2 6206 8950 1 11 2 62 205 3 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

2286 2286 -

2607 700 1907 -

6401 1708 4693 -

6580 29 3988 1469 264 13 103 714 -

15406 585 9076 1963 1562 36 2182 2 -

29164 293 20992 993 3492 2 138 3 3186 65 -

15222 208 12691 673 482 23 1142 3

13645 168 10831 475 790 128 1252 1

5889 4 4872 122 12 3 876 -

-

-

-

-

-

44

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

CHINESE TAIPEI Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2.3 4.5 -0.0 -1.2

1.6 9.5 -0.0 -0.8

0.4 17.5 -0.0 -1.6

0.2 27.2 -2.6

0.1 41.4 -0.0 1.2

55.2 -0.0 -0.6

59.9 -0.0 -0.2

58.4 -0.1 -1.0

-15.6 14.7 13.6 x

6.9 7.2 x

Primary supply

5.6

10.3

16.3

24.8

42.7

54.5

59.7

57.3

11.3

7.2

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.9

-1.7

-0.4

-0.5

-1.1

x

x

Total transformation

-2.4

-6.1

-10.1

-17.1

-32.1

-43.7

-47.0

-45.0

15.5

8.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.2 -2.2 -

-5.2 -4.8 -0.4

-8.4 -7.3 -1.2

-15.5 -12.6 -2.9

-29.9 -22.7 -7.2

-41.6 -31.5 -10.1

-44.5 -33.6 -10.9

-42.9 -33.1 -9.9

14.3 12.6 -

9.5 8.8 12.7

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.2 -0.2 -

-1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -

-1.7 -1.4 -0.2 -

-1.6 -1.4 -0.1 -

-2.3 -2.0 -0.2 -

-2.1 -2.0 -0.1 -

-2.5 -2.3 -0.2 -

-2.1 -1.8 -0.3 -

24.8 2.4 -

1.3 1.2 1.9 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.3

-0.9

-1.3

-1.9

-2.2

-2.6

-2.2

39.8

5.4

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

x

x

3.1

3.6

5.1

5.6

6.9

8.1

9.7

9.0

5.0

3.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.0 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.1

3.5 0.7 0.4 2.2 0.1

4.9 1.0 1.0 2.5 0.3

5.3 1.1 1.4 2.4 0.4

6.7 1.8 2.6 2.0 0.3

7.8 1.8 3.2 2.3 0.4

9.3 1.9 4.8 2.1 0.3

8.8 1.9 4.4 2.1 0.3

5.0 -1.8 16.1 7.4 11.3

3.3 3.5 8.8 -1.2 1.1

Transport(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 -

0.0 -

-

0.0 -

-

-

-

-23.3 -

-

Non-energy use

0.0

-

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.2

28.4

-0.1

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.23

CHINESE TAIPEI Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

1386

10092

18468

28681

45503

60370

68921

66133

60278

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1386 918 263 205 -

2562 1837 475 250 -

4237 2749 1050 438 -

4580 3451 693 336 -

6093 3524 1232 -

5211 4778 136 47 -

7585 6302 -

5884 4955 856 71 -

3352 2806 379 77 -

-

-

-

100 -

1337 -

3 112 17 118

1283 -

2 -

90 -

-

7530 3400 2800 -

14231 3800 3677 -

24101 6321 2442 -

39410 12474 514 1290

55159 15342 261 21

61336 21019 1126 141

60249 21110 563 43

56926 23142 545 3

-

100 1230 -

529 625 5600 -

3893 6203 5073 106 63 -

8371 13740 2873 78 70

18942 18430 329 1226 133 475

13271 23721 566 1330 48 114

11293 25949 1163 38 90

4616 24271 2279 1939 39 92

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

COLOMBIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

3.9 -0.1 0.1

8.1 -3.0 -0.9

19.8 -12.6 -2.8

23.8 -17.1 -1.6

35.5 -33.0 1.3

54.8 0.0 -49.8 -1.2

64.9 -60.0 -1.5

68.3 -62.9 -1.3

17.8 57.9 x

7.1 9.3 x

3.8

4.3

4.4

5.1

3.8

3.9

3.4

4.0

1.5

-0.5

Statistical difference

-0.3

-0.2

0.3

0.1

0.8

0.1

0.5

0.0

x

x

Total transformation

-1.5

-2.0

-2.3

-2.4

-1.2

-1.4

-1.6

-1.6

4.6

-2.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.7 -0.4 -0.3

-1.1 -0.8 -0.3

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5

-1.7 -1.2 -0.5

-0.8 -0.7 -0.1

-1.0 -0.8 -0.2

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-1.1 -0.9 -0.2

8.2 9.5 6.2

-1.6 -0.3 -5.1

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -

-0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -

-0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -

-0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -

0.5 1.1 -0.8 -

-3.0 -2.5 -4.6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

0.7

0.9

Losses

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

x

x

1.9

2.0

2.3

2.7

3.2

2.5

2.2

2.3

1.7

0.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.7 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.2

1.8 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.3

2.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.3

2.5 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.4

3.1 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.5

2.4 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.4

2.1 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.3

2.2 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.4

2.2 -1.3 -1.9 2.9 2.8

0.2 7.9 1.9 -2.0 1.5

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-11.8

-

Other(7)

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

-2.6 -2.6

-3.9 -3.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.25

COLOMBIA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

100

93

128

1062

159

202

373

318

82

-

50 1 49 -

82 76 6 -

657 420 30 1 158 10 38 -

8 8 -

202 9 61 132 -

240 86 114 40 -

77 77 -

82 24 58 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

100 100 -

43 43 -

46 46 -

405 405 -

151 151 -

-

133 133 -

241 166 75 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

COLOMBIA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

50

3073

13377

17212

33565

53609

67154

73564

69372

-

1487 51 332 347 2 19 180 150 134 183 89 -

12075 170 2077 334 2033 351 290 35 1634 390 404 108 2136 1305 808

14306 269 213 1116 203 1228 995 148 27 2450 155 727 665 2648 2483 979

30706 153 1590 819 2832 899 1694 6822 2544 908 83 4950 6412 1000

44535 499 2086 1225 2181 2873 2442 5581 2467 1946 2525 2576 17260 874

57529 1543 2402 2894 1084 158 2007 30 30 10754 2755 2361 2917 3192 24897 505

57606 152 2871 1854 64 2031 4667 2713 31 865 5676 269 1774 2551 2133 5248 24205 502

58028 1 168 1693 1973 72 2232 6592 20 1812 30 104 15307 18 146 1929 2518 2477 4472 15484 980

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

50 50 -

410 100 100 210 -

1250 600 548 29 73 -

2906 69 200 344 886 51 1356 -

2737 149 526 773 69 425 795 -

8747 279 659 4620 7 538 2644 -

9625 223 2497 3751 737 400 2017 -

15958 1212 3441 3410 2130 104 1500 773 3388 -

11344 750 4122 2549 1043 43 538 2299 -

-

1176

52

-

122

327

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.27

HONG KONG (CHINA) Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

4.9 -

7.9 -

8.0 -

5.3 -

9.5 -

10.8 -

10.0 -

98.2 x

1.3 x

Primary supply

0.0

4.9

7.9

8.0

5.3

9.5

10.8

10.0

98.2

1.3

Statistical difference

-

-0.3

0.8

0.5

0.7

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-4.5

-8.7

-8.6

-6.1

-8.8

-9.3

-8.5

122.2

-0.1

-

-4.5 -4.5 -

-8.7 -8.7 -

-8.6 -8.6 -

-6.1 -6.1 -

-8.8 -8.8 -

-9.3 -9.3 -

-8.5 -8.5 -

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-8.9 -8.9 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

0.8

1.4

1.4

-18.0

52.2

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

-

0.8 -

1.4 -

1.4 -

-18.0 -12.4 -

52.2 -

Transport(6)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

HONG KONG (CHINA) Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

8

5523

8928

9109

6058

10823

12174

13499

12369

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

43 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

43 -

-

-

-

-

8 -

5523 1986 584 -

8928 3003 108 -

9109 2568 -

6015 276 -

10823 -

12174 36 -

13499 147 -

12369 1300 -

8 -

709 2244 -

1708 234 659 3216 -

1233 344 2192 2770 2 -

2265 2846 567 61 -

938 9825 60 -

876 11180 82

475 12877 -

122 10487 339 67 54

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.29

INDIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

76.6 0.5 -0.1 -2.5

105.2 2.0 -0.1 1.4

149.6 6.0 -0.1 -3.9

186.9 12.5 -0.5 -0.7

208.9 21.1 -1.0 5.8

267.5 37.2 -1.4 -6.9

300.3 48.9 -1.1 -1.6

321.6 54.7 -2.4 -0.5

6.9 27.4 -0.9 x

4.3 13.1 22.0 x

Primary supply

74.5

108.4

151.5

198.2

234.9

296.5

346.4

373.4

7.4

5.1

Statistical difference

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.1

-1.4

-0.4

-2.7

x

x

Total transformation

-36.5

-58.5

-91.5

-143.1

-187.5

-235.6

-272.3

-289.4

9.6

6.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-30.2 -25.0 -5.2

-51.3 -44.6 -6.7

-83.2 -74.8 -8.5

-132.1 -121.2 -10.9

-176.0 -161.2 -14.9

-220.7 -202.0 -18.7

-253.6 -229.3 -24.3

-271.7 -244.2 -27.5

10.7 11.6 5.0

6.8 6.8 6.7

Autoproducers Gas works

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-6.3 -0.1 -5.1 -1.1 -

-7.2 -0.2 -5.1 -1.8 -

-8.3 -0.3 -5.2 -2.8 -

-11.0 -0.3 -5.7 -5.0 -

-11.4 -0.2 -8.3 -2.8 -

-14.9 -0.2 -8.3 -6.4 -

-18.6 -0.2 -8.2 -10.2 -

-17.7 -0.2 -8.0 -9.4 -

2.7 7.9 0.1 10.1 -

4.3 -0.9 2.4 7.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.9

-1.3

-2.4

-2.4

-1.7

-1.8

-1.8

-1.7

10.1

-1.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

39.3

50.9

59.7

54.8

47.8

57.6

71.9

79.5

4.3

1.6

21.1 8.5 1.9 5.1 1.4

31.5 9.2 2.7 6.2 1.8

41.0 12.5 3.9 9.5 2.0

38.6 15.5 4.7 9.9 2.3

35.9 13.7 3.5 12.7 1.8

43.7 20.6 2.4 12.7 1.8

51.3 24.4 2.5 14.2 1.8

52.3 22.9 2.4 13.0 1.5

6.9 3.9 7.4 6.3 3.6

1.4 3.4 -2.6 1.8 -1.7

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

7.8

6.4

3.5

0.2

-

-

-

-

-7.8

-

10.4 4.4 3.2

13.0 5.0 3.6

15.2 5.3 4.3

16.1 5.6 4.2

11.9 4.1 4.0

13.9 4.2 3.8

20.6 4.6 4.0

27.3 4.8 4.0

3.9 1.7 3.0

3.3 -0.5 -0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

INDIA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

220

2030

5100

12510

16565

38586

54053

59787

67744

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

220 20 200 -

1936 1936 -

5000 4665 284 51

9370 8283 187

8372 7824 11 63

16892 13973 837 92

23374 20067 58 717 751

28841 24902 1236 208

23465 20405 1 1516 777

-

-

-

900

474 -

603 1365 22 -

221 403 680 477

270 1790 347 26 62

149 557 21 39

-

94 94 -

100 100 -

3140 1

8193 2748 -

21694 1438 86 -

30679 1039 29

30946 1527 1 72 -

44279 1524 26 -

-

-

-

399 2740

1610 2256 1507 72 -

3152 13889 3044 33 52

685 22717 5598 611

598 20674 7766 308

12 25099 16542 99 97 150 730

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.31

INDONESIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0

1.7 0.0 -1.0 -

8.8 0.6 -4.3 -

35.6 0.6 -27.8 -0.1

66.0 0.1 -50.8 -

147.2 0.1 -113.6 -0.7

225.5 0.1 -177.5 0.5

235.7 0.1 -183.8 1.0

41.8 32.6 45.9 x

20.1 -9.4 23.2 x

Primary supply

0.2

0.8

5.1

8.4

15.3

32.9

48.6

53.1

35.7

13.9

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.3

-0.8

-2.0

2.7

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-0.1

-3.3

-4.2

-10.3

-19.3

-24.4

-23.3

71.3

11.4

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-3.3 -3.3 -

-4.2 -4.2 -

-10.3 -10.3 -

-19.3 -19.3 -

-24.3 -24.3 -

-23.3 -23.3 -

-

11.4 11.4 -

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

3.9 3.9 -

2.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.2

0.4

0.9

2.2

7.6

13.6

24.2

29.7

15.7

21.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -

0.3 0.0 0.3 -

0.9 0.0 0.8 -

2.2 1.6 0.5

7.6 2.0 0.7

13.6 4.5 1.0

24.2 5.7 1.3

29.7 6.0 1.1

16.9 3.3 26.3 -

21.3 11.5 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Other(7)

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

INDONESIA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

103

286

2411

4254

10800

31463

29575

29481

-

103 103 -

286 240 46 -

2411 2153 44 214 -

4254 3604 209 441 -

10357 44 359 9842 46 66

20088 72 1067 13538 1180 66 2397 584 969 215

23219 634 17211 2863 287 417 199 1472 136

19500 73 17896 1531 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

-

-

443 218 36 168 21 -

11303 110 1698 1826 699 2083 4746 71 70

6356 4109 1790 327 65 65 -

9981 6814 3167 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

72

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.33

INDONESIA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

32

978

4574

28908

54480

118396

167650

173020

200166

-

306 306 -

891 6 38 663 33 133 18

11024 18 285 65 172 31 5998 1795 855 881 86 748 90

26318 105 133 1637 13101 4825 2700 7 70 2793 627 320

44704 6 306 109 80 2422 19511 12885 1076 119 3146 1772 1884 1388

69431 328 88 15 89 7515 20774 26500 1879 243 3894 1280 3671 3155

71474 270 194 142 5966 26600 25332 132 1555 3588 2183 2264 3248

66457 65 13 1 32 5797 15718 31867 63 3385 4844 1412 2088 1172

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

32 32 -

672 672 -

3683 70 105 546 660 110 2192 -

17866 123 719 336 5556 4481 1800 4582 269 -

28162 468 906 142 11786 2816 3373 8032 567 72 -

59346 146 889 1008 19132 9826 11657 155 16004 449 53 15 12

96262 156 1588 10157 24598 10958 23930 73 23228 1498 76

101546 430 11459 25960 12651 20674 3735 65 69 25879 426 63 135

133676 868 31649 18369 10715 35734 36 34576 1323 100 306

-

-

-

18

-

14346

1957

-

33

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

ISRAEL** Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

0.0 -0.0

2.8 -0.1

0.0 3.5 -0.2

0.0 6.2 -0.5

0.0 8.6 0.6

0.0 11.0 -0.5

0.0 11.6 -0.2

0.0 10.9 0.1

112.6 x

1.9 6.6 x

Primary supply

0.0

2.6

3.3

5.8

9.2

10.6

11.5

11.1

125.9

7.0

Statistical difference

0.0

-

-0.0

0.0

-0.3

0.5

0.1

-0.2

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-2.6

-3.2

-5.8

-8.9

-11.1

-11.5

-10.9

136.8

7.0

-

-2.6 -2.6 -

-3.2 -3.2 -

-5.8 -5.8 -

-8.9 -8.9 -0.0

-11.1 -11.1 -0.0

-11.5 -11.5 -0.0

-10.9 -10.9 -0.0

-

7.0 6.9 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

45.2

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 -

0.0 -

0.0 -

-

-

-

45.2 -

-

Transport(6)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. ** The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.35

ISRAEL Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

-

3063

3998

7090

9636

12684

12585

13072

12642

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

50 50 -

153 26 127 -

-

-

125 125 -

304 304 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3063 577 421 -

3948 528 539 -

6937 695 610 -

9636 1228 480 -

12684 1361 6 -

12460 513 -

12768 519 328 -

12642 1046 -

-

100 1965 -

548 2333 -

161 886 161 4424 -

1992 1416 4520 -

1 5509 5807 -

4929 7018 -

3410 3735 3720 1056 -

4278 6829 489 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

KAZAKHSTAN Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

82.9 6.8 -32.6 -

53.1 1.5 -13.3 -

48.8 1.0 -18.4 0.3

54.4 1.4 -16.2 0.2

61.4 1.0 -18.9 0.5

69.8 0.8 -27.4 -0.0

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08 x

-1.0 -11.1 -1.0 x

Primary supply

..

..

57.1

41.3

31.6

39.8

44.1

43.2

-

-1.5

Statistical difference

..

..

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

0.1

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-34.5

-24.6

-23.3

-27.9

-32.5

-30.2

-

-0.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-34.4 -34.4 -

-23.9 -23.9 -

-20.9 -20.9 -

-25.8 -25.8 -

-30.0 -30.0 -

-27.9 -27.9 -

-

-1.2 -1.2 -

Gas works

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.7 -0.7 -

-2.4 -2.5 0.0

-2.1 -2.1 0.0

-2.5 -2.5 -

-2.3 -2.3 -

-

18.2 18.2 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

..

..

-

-

-0.1

-1.3

-1.3

-0.7

x

x

..

..

22.5

16.7

8.2

10.5

10.4

12.4

-

-3.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

22.5 1.2 -

16.7 2.3 -

7.2 2.2 -

9.6 2.3 -

9.5 2.5 -

11.6 2.1 -

-

-3.6 3.2 -

Transport(6)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-

-

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

-

Non-energy use

..

..

-

-

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.8

-

-

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.37

KAZAKHSTAN Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

-

-

3277

1209

668

31

2898

73

267

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

96 -

-

-

-

15 -

-

-

-

-

92 4

-

-

-

15 -

-

-

-

3277 -

1113 30 -

668 -

31 -

2898 -

58 -

267 -

-

-

3277 -

1037 46 -

2 480 186

31 -

2898 -

58 -

267 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

KAZAKHSTAN Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

1999

291

2311

161

1

473

-

-

-

9 9 -

-

-

68 14 13 10 31 -

1 1 -

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

1990 14 1959 10 7 -

-

2311 2311 -

93 93 -

-

473 473 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

291

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.39

KAZAKHSTAN Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

53210

18769

25300

21308

25587

27068

22245

-

-

-

-

-

116 39 4 73 -

50 2 26 7 15 -

448 27 7 22 5 382 3 2

254 19 235 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

53210 53210 -

18769 18226 16 527 -

25300 24080 1220 -

21192 21192 -

25537 25537 -

26620 2 25809 809 -

21518 21518 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

473

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

ROMANIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

11.6 6.4 -

14.7 7.3 -

12.4 6.4 -0.3

11.3 4.4 -0.3 0.1

8.0 2.7 -0.0 -0.1

8.3 4.0 -0.0 0.1

9.6 4.6 -0.1 -0.3

9.6 3.4 -0.0 0.1

0.7 0.1 x

-1.4 -3.5 x

Primary supply

17.9

22.0

18.5

15.4

10.6

12.4

13.9

13.1

0.3

-1.9

Statistical difference

-0.3

-0.7

-0.1

-0.3

-0.1

-0.3

-0.6

-0.5

x

x

Total transformation

-9.6

-13.6

-13.6

-12.7

-9.2

-10.0

-11.4

-10.9

3.6

-1.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-6.7 -6.7 -

-10.0 -7.5 -2.6

-11.3 -9.2 -2.0

-10.9 -10.7 -0.2

-8.0 -7.7 -0.3

-8.5 -7.5 -1.0

-9.8 -8.9 -0.9

-9.7 -8.9 -0.8

5.3 3.2 -

-0.8 -0.2 -4.9

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.9 -0.5 -2.6 -0.1 0.4

-3.6 -0.5 -3.0 -0.5 0.4

-2.4 -0.2 -1.9 -0.3 0.1

-1.8 -1.3 -0.5 -

-1.2 -0.9 -0.4 -

-1.5 -1.3 -0.2 -

-1.6 -1.2 -0.4 -

-1.2 -0.9 -0.3 -

-1.9 -6.9 -3.0 9.2 -9.5

-3.8 -4.4 -0.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.2

-0.4

-0.4

-0.3

-

-

Losses

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

x

x

8.1

7.7

4.5

2.0

1.1

1.6

1.5

1.3

-5.7

-6.5

4.9 3.8 -

4.8 4.0 -

3.1 2.5 0.2 0.1 -

1.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

1.6 1.3 0.2 0.1 -

1.4 1.2 0.2 0.1 -

1.3 1.0 0.2 0.1 -

-4.4 -4.2 -

-4.9 -5.0 -1.5 1.4 -

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.2 0.5

2.9 0.6

1.3 0.9

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1

-8.4 5.2

-15.5 -14.6

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.41

ROMANIA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

4669

6048

4981

4681

2521

2717

4756

3809

383

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3600 675 673 -

4000 595 1051 -

3600 1200 12 100 1188 12

4675 513 57 2 147 98 1437 222

2370 62 678 -

1577 547 -

2898 452 1279 -

2412 145 70 1077 -

328 17 292 -

2252 -

2354 -

400 500 200 -

124 1741 97 294

1630 -

1030 -

852 275 40 -

75 1045 -

19 -

1069 -

2048 -

1381 33 16 11 -

6 2 -

151 -

1140 230 -

1858 82 285 2

1397 216 74 16

55 -

1069 -

2048 -

1321 -

3 1 -

69 31 51 -

832 78 -

35 1390 61 3

104 824 145 18

2 53 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

274.9 50.1 -57.7 5.7

186.7 20.0 -26.8 4.6

183.6 22.0 -36.4 2.2

224.9 19.5 -79.7 -3.8

232.8 20.3 -92.9 -1.7

238.8 26.9 -91.9 -6.6

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08 x

-0.8 -3.4 2.6 x

Primary supply

..

..

273.0

184.5

171.4

160.9

158.5

167.2

-

-2.7

Statistical difference

..

..

6.0

5.7

-4.0

-3.9

-2.7

-12.9

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-181.8

-143.2

-138.0

-136.7

-131.2

-127.5

-

-2.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-149.9 -124.2 -25.7

-115.6 -88.1 -27.5

-114.1 -80.6 -33.5

-109.8 -74.6 -35.2

-108.2 -73.6 -34.7

-107.7 -77.8 -29.9

-

-1.8 -2.6 0.8

Gas works

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-31.9 -1.5 -19.4 -10.9 -

-27.6 -0.6 -16.7 -10.3 -

-23.8 -0.0 -14.0 -9.8 -

-26.9 -0.0 -16.1 -10.8 -

-23.0 -0.0 -16.9 -6.1 -

-19.8 0.0 -17.5 -2.3 -

-

-2.6 -0.6 -8.3 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-0.8

-0.7

-0.8

-0.8

-1.8

-3.1

-

7.9

Losses

..

..

-18.3

-9.4

-1.6

-

-

-

x

x

..

..

78.2

37.0

26.9

19.5

22.8

23.8

-

-6.4

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

20.8 15.1 0.6 0.5 -

19.8 15.3 0.5 0.9 -

11.6 7.9 0.1 0.8 -

10.4 8.3 0.0 1.0 0.0

15.8 12.8 0.7 1.5 -

14.5 11.1 0.8 1.6 -

-

-2.0 -1.7 1.3 7.0 -

Transport(6)

..

..

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

57.4 29.4 17.0

17.2 1.2 11.7

14.2 0.6 12.8

8.1 3.8 4.0

6.6 2.8 3.7

8.9 4.5 4.3

-

-9.8 -9.9 -7.3

Non-energy use

..

..

0.0

0.0

1.1

1.0

0.4

0.4

-

14.6

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.43

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

31573

8693

6704

9981

14921

15501

11235

-

-

10503 608 1532 463 177 480 131 5482 1200 337 93 -

6133 161 111 67 431 84 857 3505 571 156 158 32 -

1504 91 132 462 736 72 11 -

4189 31 94 157 219 234 2454 626 223 35 116

5640 81 400 24 69 328 2800 697 39 7 161 41 580 388 25

5403 6 39 598 23 242 28 189 203 2323 399 74 44 53 56 29 742 210 145

4729 22 31 452 57 117 31 98 154 1109 410 465 156 14 374 391 848

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

21070 156 500 19964 150 300 -

2560 822 876 81 781 -

5200 174 1337 1525 2164 -

5792 72 160 729 4606 16 7 48 1 153

9225 139 113 632 8092 188 61 -

9197 19 88 214 3 26 1110 6412 776 549 -

6029 9 1097 145 36 4449 22 271 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

901

477

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

24478

17570

29651

76020

85233

85907

104968

-

-

10103 234 1142 1905 777 157 324 609 2845 32 97 54 285 573 530 499 40

8296 156 871 242 122 593 215 83 201 1936 200 85 52 164 35 138 282 1249 192 1480

25585 788 1295 2449 282 928 320 1092 7041 2565 209 13 14 1340 271 5063 480 1435

56826 9 2739 453 117 827 4790 367 7333 125 132 799 8119 2446 1400 2042 3657 453 6509 12412 52 2045

65507 729 196 500 4979 931 4039 119 264 584 7807 4676 3867 3623 1299 395 11184 18307 2008

74671 132 1007 229 44 2181 4111 1216 9159 120 195 1196 8941 6436 1178 44 4619 53 2335 898 8142 20862 1573

80720 232 1909 341 59 2584 6107 1961 9284 45 369 1190 9104 5587 1947 63 6552 46 1865 359 9054 18587 3475

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

14375 6722 7653 -

9038 1010 81 114 46 697 5204 261 232 1393 -

4066 364 72 61 36 5 2175 1353 -

18898 538 1765 1002 1286 49 56 806 2235 30 8840 2245 46

19690 313 1808 359 985 164 1261 2797 80 10494 1404 25

11236 605 1636 546 913 1056 1113 2897 20 1610 840 -

23904 289 1571 10110 1127 74 70 323 12 621 8704 158 41 76 607 121

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

236

-

296

36

-

344

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.45

SOUTH AFRICA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

95.4 -27.2 -

142.5 -46.0 -

143.1 -48.0 -

168.6 0.4 -57.6 0.3

181.3 1.2 -67.0 1.6

197.7 2.0 -68.3 -

199.8 1.9 -63.0 -

203.5 1.3 -57.4 -10.6

4.1 5.8 x

2.0 1.0 x

68.1

96.5

95.1

111.6

117.1

131.3

138.7

136.9

3.4

2.0

Statistical difference

5.8

-3.7

6.7

-3.5

-0.3

-1.5

-6.2

-4.0

x

x

Total transformation

-47.6

-70.1

-78.9

-86.6

-95.4

-108.3

-113.0

-112.5

5.2

2.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-37.2 -32.1 -5.1

-44.9 -40.8 -4.1

-51.7 -48.6 -3.2

-60.2 -56.6 -3.5

-68.3 -64.4 -4.0

-75.8 -72.1 -3.7

-80.7 -77.4 -3.3

-78.5 -74.8 -3.7

3.4 4.2 -4.8

2.3 2.4 0.8

Gas works

-3.5

-3.7

-3.9

-4.5

-4.6

-5.8

-5.8

-5.3

1.2

1.7

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-3.9 -2.6 -1.3 -

-3.3 -1.9 -1.4 -

-3.2 -1.6 -1.6 -

-2.1 -1.1 -1.0 -

-1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -

-1.7 -0.7 -0.9 -

-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 -

-1.1 -0.7 -0.4 -

-2.0 -4.9 2.0 -

-5.7 -4.3 -7.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-3.1

-18.2

-20.1

-19.9

-21.2

-24.9

-25.3

-27.7

20.6

1.8

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-3.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

26.2

22.6

22.8

21.5

21.5

21.5

19.5

20.4

-1.4

-0.6

20.0 9.8 2.1 -

16.0 9.4 2.0 -

15.3 8.9 1.8 -

10.7 5.6 1.5 1.5 -

11.7 5.4 1.1 1.1 -

12.7 5.8 1.8 -

11.1 5.3 0.7 -

10.8 4.8 0.7 -

-2.6 -0.9 -1.5 -

-1.9 -3.4 -4.8 -

Transport(6)

1.8

0.9

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

-

-28.0

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

3.3 1.1 2.1

3.1 1.3 1.7

3.5 1.3 2.1

4.0 1.4 2.4

2.2 0.7 1.4

6.8 2.3 4.5

6.6 2.2 4.4

7.7 2.5 5.1

0.5 1.8 -0.1

4.5 3.8 5.0

Non-energy use

1.2

2.7

4.0

6.8

7.5

2.0

1.8

1.9

13.1

-4.1

Autoproducers

Losses Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

SOUTH AFRICA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

2700

5142

4033

6305

-

526

814

559

599

2700 2700 -

5142 34 4586 300 21 200 1 -

3633 157 3375 100 1 -

5181 176 570 30 280 3375 750 -

-

379 24 48 110 129 19 38 11

814 207 465 142 -

210 85 50 75 -

519 419 100 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

400 400 -

1124 1124 -

-

146 110 18 11 4 3

-

349 349 -

80 80 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.47

SOUTH AFRICA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

12689

42488

45867

53371

67001

70917

65837

61282

66322

12689 606 868 6643 1108 960 157 1861 309 3 114 26 34

33978 2078 3496 6444 3196 207 6641 4091 3700 812 104 2274 19 724 192

32994 6 4365 863 4512 1017 4884 1427 5733 1304 2112 4667 1252 356 496

39235 3641 3666 325 1395 3670 630 3653 3039 3850 3503 30 2683 7016 135 315 735 140 809

48763 2504 46 1721 5872 3979 269 4173 1661 2385 41 7564 265 2112 8403 2547 4503 50 668

54956 1757 2070 5340 8812 75 4939 155 139 6527 1926 8642 1324 12144 135 971

45858 943 2795 4008 2734 4787 440 289 12491 1554 6996 160 1315 5572 561 1213

42341 1387 1511 184 3930 5816 40 4808 50 933 826 9060 167 1346 5688 1350 3518 1727

29938 193 1088 2089 3812 69 4225 411 561 651 5660 158 1119 5024 1232 995 2651

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

7600 1000 2200 2200 2200 -

12568 900 5685 3217 2583 183 -

14136 60 810 5138 2763 490 3900 100 145 40 185 505 -

17891 1919 107 85 522 2488 486 3636 5523 1978 356 201 554 36

15454 673 522 3587 5329 2993 61 970 244 442 397 236

19938 582 347 30 410 7703 4214 1275 70 53 1804 2666 30 399 355

18941 1223 64 420 7766 3720 1193 1592 1430 133 700 700

36334 351 781 2458 273 20585 3917 306 145 256 3348 2454 71 319 1070

Non-Specified/Other

-

910

305

-

347

507

41

-

50

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

UKRAINE Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

124.0 15.2 -21.7 0.8

61.1 13.7 -1.8 -

51.9 5.8 -2.6 -

49.6 6.5 -2.7 0.0

48.1 13.3 -3.3 -0.1

48.1 12.2 -4.4 2.3

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08 x

-5.1 -1.2 -8.5 x

Primary supply

..

..

118.3

73.0

55.1

53.3

58.0

58.3

-

-3.9

Statistical difference

..

..

-3.9

-0.9

-0.3

0.4

3.1

-0.1

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-72.5

-50.4

-37.8

-33.6

-40.0

-38.8

-

-3.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-50.7 -48.9 -1.8

-33.1 -31.7 -1.4

-20.8 -19.8 -1.1

-20.3 -17.9 -2.4

-26.7 -24.3 -2.4

-27.7 -25.4 -2.2

-

-3.3 -3.6 1.3

Gas works

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-21.8 2.9 -12.6 -12.4 0.4

-17.3 0.7 -6.4 -11.3 -0.3

-17.0 0.3 -6.4 -10.7 -0.1

-13.2 0.0 -6.1 -7.1 -0.1

-13.3 0.0 -7.7 -5.5 -0.1

-11.2 0.1 -6.9 -4.2 -0.1

-

-3.7 -19.7 -3.3 -5.8 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-0.1

-

-0.0

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-5.3

-3.5

-2.7

-3.0

-2.6

-2.6

-

-3.8

Losses

..

..

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

x

x

..

..

36.6

18.2

14.2

17.1

18.5

16.7

-

-4.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

25.7 15.6 0.3 0.0 -

11.3 8.4 0.0 -

10.4 8.1 0.0 -

12.0 10.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

14.2 12.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

12.6 10.5 0.0 0.5 0.0

-

-3.9 -2.2 -13.0 16.1 -

Transport(6)

..

..

0.1

-

-

0.1

0.1

0.0

-

-4.1

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

10.8 7.9

6.9 6.4

3.8 3.7

3.2 1.8

2.5 0.4 2.1

2.4 0.3 2.0

-

-8.1 -7.3

Non-energy use

..

..

-

-

-

1.8

1.7

1.6

-

-

Final consumption

(4)

(5)

Industry

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.49

UKRAINE Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Hard coal

-

-

26686

15296

6606

7303

11863

10275

7873

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

19964 -

5859 4369 -

2759 595 -

6902 31 167 -

8177 -

7378 74 32 860 -

3198 11 285 3

-

-

19964 -

1490 -

2164 -

6704 -

7505 672 -

6412 -

2899 -

-

-

6722 -

9437 4722 -

3847 452 -

401 -

3686 -

2897 -

4675 53 -

-

-

6722 -

4259 456 -

2175 1220 -

11 390 -

3649 37 -

2897 -

125 4397 100

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

UKRAINE Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

8114

400

200

509

408

40

157

-

-

-

-

-

229 229

-

30 17 13

157 2 2 68 85

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

8114 8114 -

400 200 200 -

200 200 -

280 280 -

408 83 325 -

10 10 -

-

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.51

UKRAINE Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

16577

2000

2297

3157

2943

4232

5134

-

-

-

493 29 1 1 21 6 22 33 154 226

845 63 83 52 647 -

552 13 11 154 7 5 2 13 52 82 8 5 10 5 40 79 66

1192 5 228 27 21 16 50 271 19 149 8 105 229 1 45 18

1318 52 180 17 4 5 24 41 13 313 30 317 275 2 34 11

2096 54 137 70 2 2 26 363 452 17 292 605 39 37

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

16577 16577 -

1507 154 128 235 84 906 -

1452 1452 -

2605 16 2315 192 10 72 -

1751 1451 40 15 52 13 101 79 -

2914 31 2735 123 23 2 -

3038 246 2576 57 96 63 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

VENEZUELA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 0.2 -

0.0 0.2 0.0

2.3 0.3 -1.9 -

4.2 -4.4 0.2

8.2 -8.3 0.2

7.5 -7.4 -

8.0 -7.7 -0.2

6.4 -6.2 -0.2

48.5 4.9 x

5.9 6.8 x

Primary supply

0.2

0.3

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

11.4

-13.2

Statistical difference

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-

-

-

-

-

6.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.1 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

6.1 5.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

13.9

-11.8

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.2 0.1 0.0 -

0.5 0.2 0.3 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

13.9 5.4 23.0 -

-11.8 -10.0 -

Transport(6)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other(7) Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.53

VENEZUELA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

33

-

1834

3252

7722

7141

8335

6445

3572

-

-

1746 1 33 148 560 140 19 5 53 375 169 238 5

3152 17 29 550 193 302 79 306 198 1478 -

6988 589 441 476 1067 112 766 378 180 35 218 2726 -

6326 135 583 441 391 452 88 49 48 4139 -

6826 134 611 53 457 148 362 1156 52 260 379 64 3150 -

5322 104 26 458 81 429 51 1733 213 11 38 8 2170 -

2886 151 33 301 105 247 470 112 118 48 55 1246 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

33 33 -

-

88 88 -

100 100 -

734 79 168 71 416 -

757 460 48 249 -

1509 943 68 50 102 99 247 -

1123 837 26 260 -

686 629 57 -

-

-

-

-

-

58

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

VIETNAM Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

4.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.4

4.5 0.0 -0.5 -

3.7 0.0 -0.6 0.1

6.7 0.0 -2.3 0.3

9.3 -2.6 -0.4

25.9 0.1 -14.4 -

34.8 0.6 -25.5 4.2

31.4 0.7 -15.5 0.2

-1.1 2.1 2.1 x

12.6 23.7 19.5 x

3.2

4.0

3.2

4.7

6.2

11.6

14.1

16.8

-0.2

9.7

Statistical difference

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-1.1

-1.4

-1.3

-1.0

-1.6

-3.0

-5.2

-5.3

1.6

8.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.1 -1.1 -

-1.4 -1.4 -

-1.3 -1.3 -

-1.0 -1.0 -

-1.6 -1.6 -

-3.0 -2.7 -0.4

-5.2 -4.6 -0.6

-5.3 -4.8 -0.5

1.6 1.6 -

8.3 7.7 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation(2) BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

7.1 7.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

2.2

2.6

1.9

3.7

4.6

8.6

8.9

11.5

-1.3

10.5

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.3 0.0 -

2.1 0.0 -

1.5 0.0 -

2.8 0.0 -

3.3 -

6.8 -

7.0 -

9.4 -

0.9 5.9 -

10.9 -

Transport(6)

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-13.9

-

Other(7)

0.7 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.4 0.0 0.3

0.9 0.2 0.6

1.3 0.4 0.8

1.7 0.5 1.2

1.9 0.5 1.4

2.1 0.5 1.5

-5.6 -4.8

9.3 17.5 9.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Final consumption(4) (5)

Industry

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.55

VIETNAM Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes)

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East Non-Specified/Other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009e

1430

604

745

2821

3526

17987

30931

20604

25583

-

100 100 -

450 150 300 -

2308 93 100 2 179 3 1469 400 21 1 40 -

3203 240 100 52 2227 516 20 48 -

6062 192 155 4848 854 13 -

5572 222 87 3968 1295 -

3048 92 48 1972 916 20 -

2626 1333 1292 1 -

-

504 504 -

295 100 195 -

513 100 150 63 200 -

323 88 27 52 156 -

11925 388 10532 118 887 -

25359 54 381 24611 17 296 -

17556 160 372 16906 22 96 -

22957 22503 35 69 350 -

1430

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Energy Data Manager / Statistician Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France The IEA

Principal Qualifications

The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries.

x University degree in a topic relevant to energy, computer programming or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Economics, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Public Administration and Business.

The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience. Job description The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data managers are responsible for receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from member countries and other sources into large computerised databases. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations of member and non-member countries. The data managers/statisticians also play a key role in helping to design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s).

x Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Good computer programming skills in Visual Basic. x Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines. Ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently. x Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry. x Very good knowledge of one of the two official languages of the Organisation (English or French). Knowledge of other languages would be an advantage. x Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required. Nationals of any OECD member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries start at 3 000 Euros per month. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Personnel and Finance Division International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Email: [email protected]

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Ten Annual Publications  Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2010 Edition No other publication offers such in-depth statistical coverage. It is intended for anyone involved in analytical or policy work related to energy issues. It contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas, combustible renewables/wastes and products derived from these primary fuels, as well as for electricity and heat. Complete data are available for 2007 and 2008 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2009). Historical tables summarise data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data. Published July 2010 - Price €120

 Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2010 Edition A companion volume to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, this publication presents standardised energy balances expressed in million tonnes of oil equivalent. Energy supply and consumption data are divided by main fuel: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydro, geothermal/solar, combustible renewables/ wastes, electricity and heat. This allows for easy comparison of the contributions each fuel makes to the economy and their interrelationships through the conversion of one fuel to another. All of this is essential for estimating total energy supply, forecasting, energy conservation, and analysing the potential for interfuel substitution. Complete data are available for 2007 and 2008 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2009). Historical tables summarise key energy and economic indicators as well as data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data as well as conversion factors from original units to tonnes of oil equivalent. Published July 2010 - Price €120

 Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 2010 Edition This publication offers the same in-depth statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries. It includes data in original units for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. The consistency of OECD and non-OECD countries’ detailed statistics provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2007 and 2008. For a description of the content, please see Energy Statistics of OECD Countries above. Published August 2010 - Price €120

ST A T I ST I C S P U B L I CA T I O N S

 Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2010 Edition A companion volume to the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, this publication presents energy balances in million tonnes of oil equivalent and key economic and energy indicators for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. It offers the same statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries, and thus provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2007 and 2008. For a description of the content, please see Energy Balances of OECD Countries above. Published August 2010 - Price €120

 Electricity Information 2010 This reference document provides essential statistics on electricity and heat for each OECD member country by bringing together information on production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, input fuel prices, consumption, end-user electricity prices and electricity trades. The document also presents selected non-OECD country statistics on the main electricity and heat flows. It is an essential document for electricity and heat market and policy analysts. Published August 2010 - Price €150

 Coal Information 2010 This well-established publication provides detailed information on past and current evolution of the world coal market. It presents country-specific statistics for OECD member countries and selected non-OECD countries on coal production, demand, trade and prices. This publication represents a key reference tool for all those involved in the coal supply or consumption stream, as well as institutions and governments involved in market and policy analysis of the world coal market. Published August 2010 - Price €165

 Natural Gas Information 2010 A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand, covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world. Contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed gas supply and demand balance for each individual country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination. Published August 2010 - Price €165

 Oil Information 2010 A comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination. Published August 2010 - Price €165

ST A T I ST I C S P U B L I CA T I O N S

 Renewables Information 2010 This reference document brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products. It also includes a selection of indicators for non-OECD countries. This report provides a strong foundation for renewables energy policy and market analysis to assess progress towards domestic and international objectives. Published August 2010 - Price €110

 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2010 Edition In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication provides a basis for comparative analysis of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic emissions. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2008 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Published November 2010 - Price €165

Two Quarterlies  Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries. Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by origin and destination. Moreover, oil as well as hard coal and brown coal production are reported on a worldwide basis. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

 Energy Prices and Taxes This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD governments for up-todate information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains prices at all market levels for OECD countries and certain non-OECD countries: import prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics cover the main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity, giving for imported products an average price both for importing country and country of origin. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

ST A T I ST I C S P U B L I C A T I O N S

Electronic Editions  CD-ROMs and Online Data Services To complement its publications, the Energy Statistics Division produces CD-ROMs containing the complete databases which are used for preparing the statistics publications. State-of-the-art software allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very user-friendly manner and includes graphic facilities. These databases are also available on the internet from our online data service. Annual CD-ROMS / Online Databases

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Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 1960-2009 Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 1960-2009 Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2008 Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2008

Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user)

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Combined subscription of the above four series

Price: €1 400 (single user)

Electricity Information 2010 Coal Information 2010 Natural Gas Information 2010 Oil Information 2010 Renewables Information 2010 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 1971-2008

Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €400 (single user) Price: €550 (single user)

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Quarterly CD-ROMs / Online Databases 

Energy Prices and Taxes

Price: (four quarters) €900 (single user)

A description of these services are available on our website: http://data.iea.org

Other Online Services  The Monthly Oil Data Service The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service comprises three packages available separately or combined as a subscriber service on the Internet. The data are available at the same time as the official release of the Oil Market Report. The packages include:  Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks  Trade  Field-by-Field Supply  Complete Service

Price: €6 000 (single user) Price: €2 000 (single user) Price: €3 000 (single user) Price: €9 000 (single user)

A description of this service is available on our website: http://modsinfo.iea.org

ST A T I ST I C S P U B L I C A T I O N S

 The Monthly Gas Data Service The service provides monthly natural gas data for OECD countries:  supply balances in terajoules and cubic metres;  production, trade, stock changes and levels where available, gross inland deliveries, own use and losses;  highly detailed trade data with about 50 imports origins and exports destinations;  LNG trade detail available from January 2002. The databases cover the time period January 1984 to current month with a time lag of two months for the most recent data. 

Monthly Gas Data Service: Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical plus 12 monthly updates Price: €800 (single user)

For more information consult: http://data.iea.org

Moreover, the IEA statistics website contains key energy indicators by country, graphs on the world and OECD’s energy situation evolution from 1971 to the most recent year available, as well as selected databases for demonstration. The IEA statistics website can be accessed at www.iea.org/statistics/

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IEA Publications, 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 Printed in France by Jouve, August 2010 (61 2010 08 1 P1) ISBN 978-92-64-08420-9