Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCE...

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NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83661-2 1. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA ................................................................ 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma........................................................... 3 E-Journals: PubMed Central ....................................................................................................... 10 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed ................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA..................................................... 109 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 109 Finding Nutrition Studies on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ....................................................... 109 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................. 122 Additional Web Resources ......................................................................................................... 123 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA .............................. 125 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 125 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine................................................ 125 Additional Web Resources ......................................................................................................... 139 General References ..................................................................................................................... 139 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA ................................................ 141 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 141 Dissertations on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ............................................................................ 141 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 142 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA ........................................... 143 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 143 Recent Trials on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ............................................................................ 143 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ........................................................................................... 163 CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA ............................................................... 165 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 165 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers......................................................................................... 165 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ........................................................................... 167 Chapters on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ................................................................................... 168 CHAPTER 7. MULTIMEDIA ON NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA .................................................... 169 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 169 Bibliography: Multimedia on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ........................................................ 169 CHAPTER 8. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA ................................. 171 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 171 News Services and Press Releases.............................................................................................. 171 Academic Periodicals covering Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ...................................................... 174 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 177 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 177 NIH Guidelines.......................................................................................................................... 177 NIH Databases........................................................................................................................... 179 Other Commercial Databases..................................................................................................... 181 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ............................................................................................... 183 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 183 Patient Guideline Sources.......................................................................................................... 183 Associations and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma............................................................................ 190 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................. 191 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................ 193 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 193 Preparation................................................................................................................................. 193 Finding a Local Medical Library................................................................................................ 193 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................. 193

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Contents

ONLINE GLOSSARIES................................................................................................................ 199 Online Dictionary Directories ................................................................................................... 201 NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA DICTIONARY ................................................................. 203 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 269

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The Editors

1

From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Federally Funded Research on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: •

Project Title: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NON HODGKINS'S LYMPHOMA DATA ANALYSIS Principal Investigator & Institution: Holly, Elizabeth A.; Professor; Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of California San Francisco 500 Parnassus Ave San Francisco, CA 94122 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 03-JAN-2001; Project End 31-DEC-2002

2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

4

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Summary: A population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that included nearly 1600 patients with NHL and more than 2500 control participants was conducted by the Principal Investigator and colleagues in the San Francisco Bay Area between 1988 and 1995. NHL cases were obtained using rapid case ascertainment by the Northern California Cancer Center and control participants were identified using random digit dial and the Healthcare Financing Administration files. Pathology materials for the NHL patients included in the study were reviewed and classified of this study are: 1) to evaluate the association between exposure data collected in this large study and subtypes of NHL defined using the Working Formulation with emphasis on the investigation of risk factors found to be of importance in the main analyses of all NHL; and 2) to complete detailed analyses to investigate the association between risk for NHL and occupational and chemical exposures including Agent Orange, reproductive and hormonal exposures among women , support for hypotheses that indicated there are etiologic differences across NHL subtypes that can be characterized by a unique set of associated risk factors. Differentiation of risk factors by NHL subtypes will provide important clues to detailed analyses between exposures of interest and risk for NHL with adjustment for potential confounders and effect modifiers. These data may explain inconsistencies in results from earlier NHL studies constrained by limited sample size and exposure data. They also may provide important additional information about the role of exposures that alter Th1 or Th2 pathways and the process of lymphomagenesis. These data will be used as preliminary results for a larger Bay Area study of lymphoma. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: GENES INVOLVED IN AIDS LYMPHOMAGENESIS Principal Investigator & Institution: Teitell, Michael A.; Assistant Professor Iv; Pathology; University of California Los Angeles 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, CA 90024 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1998; Project End 29-SEP-2003 Summary: (Applicant's Description): The current proposal encompasses 5 years and focuses on identifying new genes, or altered levels of expression of known genes, and possible mechanism(s) of lynphomagenesis in individuals with AIDS. Approximately 5 to 10% of AIDS patients develop non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a large number of which are classified by multiple criteria as high grade B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (BIBL). This investigation utilizes guidance provided by three established researchers, each of whom provides a unique expertise and set of reagents. Early stages utilize Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) and DNA macro- and microarray gene fragment screening of a BIBL subset of 15 genetically defined AIDS-NHL tissue samples. This BIBL subset lacks EBV and K S HV/HHV-8 infections and also lacks generic lesions or dysregulated expression of any of the proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes frequently found in AIDS-NHL. Dr. C. Denny, whose laboratory routinely employs Representational Difference Analysis (RDA), will guide SSH cDNA-isolation from the BIBL subset and Dr. S. Nelson will provide support for DNA microarray screening technology should it become necessary. Gene products differentially expressed in AIDSBIBL versus hyperplastic lymph node material will be isolated and used to establish an index set of gene fragments against which other lymphoma and non-lymphomatous samples will be compared. Commonly dysregulated genes will be evaluated by multiple criteria and selected candidates will be checked for cytokine inducibility, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed for relatedness to known sequences. Once obtained, novel and known candidate cDNAs will be moved into CMV-based and inducible expression

Studies

5

vector systems containing FLAG epitope tags under the guidance of Dr. R. Wall. These t a g ged cDNA candidate clones will be stably transformed into three immortalized premalignant murine B-cell lines, established previously in the laboratory of Dr. J. Braun. Transformants created with novel cDNAs will be assayed for resistance to NK cytolysis and MHC class I expression, while previously defined cDNAs will be similarly assayed and studied further based o n a v ailable reagents and current knowledge of their function(s). Transformants exhibiting NK cell resistance and elevated MHC class I expression will be evaluated for in vivo tumor formation in Balb/c-scid and syngeneic (BWF1 or AJ9) mice. Tumorigenicity in immune competent and deficient hosts will be assessed by BIBL-FLAG immunohistochemistry, routine h i stology, mortality curves, and organ morphology/weights. Genes with significant involvement in the etiology and/or progression of lymphomagenesis, or those with reproducible in vitro biochemical effects, will be further characterized by molecular methods. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: LYMPHOMA

HIV

INFECTED

ENDOTHELIUM

AND

NONHODGKINS

Principal Investigator & Institution: Moses, Ashlee V.; Assistant Professor; Molecular Microbiol and Immun; Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 972393098 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 20-SEP-1998; Project End 31-AUG-2003 Summary: (Adapted from the applicant's description) AIDS patients have an unusually high incidence of aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (AIDS-NHL) that frequently involve extranodal sites, in particular the gut, liver brain and bone marrow. While neoplastic B cells are not directly infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), interaction with HIV-infected non-B accessory cells at extranodal sites may contribute to localization and development of malignant clones. This group have previously shown that bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) are a natural target for HIV in vivo and in vitro. Since MVEC interact with B cells during hematopoiesis as well as during leucocyte trafficking and extravasation, they hypothesize that HIV infection of MVEC may influence neoplastic B cell attachment and growth and facilitate extranodal lymphoma development: Using a novel MVECenriched stromal culture system, they have shown that HIV infection of stromal cultures from seronegative lymphoma patients induces the sustained outgrowth of EBV-negative B lymphoma cells which are dependent on stroma for growth. They have also demonstrated that the only cellular component infected by HIV in these cultures are MVEC, and that purified populations of infected but not uninfected brain MVEC are equally supportive of neoplastic B cell growth. These data suggest that HIV infection of permissive MVEC alters their ability to induce and sustain malignant B cell growth. The investigators have recently identified a mechanism whereby HIV regulates MVEC-B lymphoma interactions. Specifically, CD40 expression is preferentially induced on infected MVEC allowing CD40-mediated upregulation of VCAM-1 and subsequent VCAM-1/VLA-4 mediated MVEC-B cell binding. This project will extend these results by characterizing the relative kinetics of CD40 expression and CD40-mediated VCAM-1 expression in HIV-infected MVEC. They will also identify the viral gene(s) which mediate these events using HIV deletion mutants and recombinant viral constructs containing individual viral genes. Finally, this group will characterize the signal transduction pathways through which HIV regulates CD40 expression and CD40mediated VCAM-1 expression using a transcriptional readout system, biochemical assays for phosphorylation of signal transduction intermediates and transdominant

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negative mutants which block signal transduction. Identification of these mechanisms may suggest therapeutic targets to prevent development of extranodal B cell neoplasms. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: IMMUNOLOGIC STRATEGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA Principal Investigator & Institution: Ritz, Jerome; Professor of Medicine; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, MA 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: With the advent of intensive combination chemotherapy programs, the great majority of patients with newly diagnosed hematologic malignancies can be induced into a complete remission status. However, despite initial sensitivity, resistance to chemotherapy with subsequent relapse is the primary cause of treatment failure in these diseases. New strategies to prevent relapse are clearly needed. In previous studies, we have examined immunologic approaches to induce or enhance anti-tumor immunity and have focused on immune modulation with exogenous lymphokines such as IL-2. In patients with solid tumors we demonstrated that relatively low doses of IL- 2 could be safely administered for prolonged periods resulting in the marked increase in the total number of circulating natural killer (NK) cells and NK activity. Similar results have also been found in patients with hematologic malignancies after either autologous or T cell depleted allogeneic BMT. In patients with AML, the use of IL-2 following completion of post-remission intensification appears able to enhance non-specific cytotoxicity against autologous AML cells without excessive systemic toxicity and thus far few relapses have been observed following immunotherapy. Studies proposed ina the next funding period will further extend our examination of the role of il-2 to enhance anti-tumor immunity. We will also begin to examine new approaches to enhance tumor immunity in patients with leukemia or lymphoma using strategies developed in other projects within this program. The Specific Aims of this project are listed below; 1. To evaluate the systemic administration of cytokines to enhance both specific and nonspecific immunity against autologous leukemia and lymphoma. 1.1 To determine the immunologic effects of prolonged low dose IL-2 infusion and bolus IL-2 infusion when administered to patients with AML in first CR. 1.2 To define the immunologic effects of IL-2 administration following autologous BMT for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1.3 To evaluate the potential use of other cytokines for enhancement of non-specific immunity in vivo in patients with AML and B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1.4 To examine the efficacy of humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody in conjunction with IL-2 in patients with relapsed AML. 2. To evaluate new methods for inducing or enhancing autologous antitumor immunity in vivo based on the ability to enhance tumor cell expression of costimulatory molecules in vitro. 3. To develop methods for in vitro activation and expansion of autologous leukemia or lymphoma reactive T cells for use in adoptive cellular therapy. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

•

Project Title: NOVEL RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY FOR LYMPHOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Butrynski, James E.; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Ave N Seattle, WA 98109 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 18-AUG-2000; Project End 11-MAR-2002 Summary: The candidate's immediate goal is to acquire critical scientific and clinical training to enable him to pursue independent investigation with a long-term goal of

Studies

7

developing innovative therapies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Incidence of NHL is increasing and improvements in therapy are needed. Radiolabeled antibody therapy has proven effective in treating NHL, but is limited by delivery of radiation to normal tissues due to circulating non-tumor bound radiolabeled antibody. The proposed program will integrate two complimentary approaches 1. preclinical development of a novel radioimmunotherapeutic approach and 2. clinical evaluation of radiolabeled antibody therapy. In preclinical studies, we hypothesize that rapidly removing circulating non-tumor bound radioisotope will decrease radiation delivered to normal tissues and improve relative radiation delivery to tumor. Specifically, our strategy involves exogenous administration of an enzyme, beta-lactamase, in order to cleave a circulating cephalosporin-based radioimmunoconjugate (RIC), resulting in rapid cleavage and removal of radioisotope from the body by the kidney. We further hypothesize the effectiveness of this approach will depend on stable intracellular retention of radioisotope in tumor and on more rapid tumor targeting. Biodistribution studies in murine and nonhuman primate models will b e performed with cleavable RICs that are internalized and retained by the tumor cell to ascertain if our approach will result in improvement in the delivery of radiation to tumor compared to normal tissues. In clinical studies, the candidate will assess the risk of secondary malignancies associated with myeloablative Iodine-131 anti-CD20 antibody and autologous stem cell transplant in patients with lymphoma previously treated and in ongoing trials. Furthermore, a proposed dose escalation trial in later years of this grant is anticipated with the optimized cleavable RICs developed in the preclinical proposal. In addition to these preclinical and clinical investigations, a rigorous didactic and mentoring program in clinical trial design will provide the candidate the foundation to implement and supervise clinical trials of novel therapies for NHL. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: ROLE OF HUMAN GAMMA DELTA T CELLS IN TUMOR IMMUNITY Principal Investigator & Institution: Bukowski, Jack F.; Brigham and Women's Hospital 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 03-JUL-2001; Project End 30-JUN-2004 Summary: (provided by applicant): There is increasing evidence to suggest that gammadelta T cells play an important role in defense against a variety of malignancies in humans. Human gamma-delta T cells expand in vivo, and can become up to 42% of all peripheral blood T cells during non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This gamma-delta T cell expansion can be recapitulated in vitro by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with lymphoma or myeloma cell lines, and the expanded gamma-delta T cells from such cultures can kill a wide variety of lymphoid myeloid, and epithelial tumor cells. Reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with human gamma/delta T cells prolongs survival from lymphoma. However, the basis of tumor cell recognition by human gamma-delta T cells is poorly understood, and very little data exists regarding the in vivo regulation of human gamma-delta T cells. This lack of knowledge of human gamma-delta T cell cancer biology is critically important, since information from mouse gamma-deltaT cell studies cannot be readily extrapolated to humans, since non-peptide alkylamine and organophosphate antigens recognized by the dominant population of human peripheral blood gamma-delta T cells, Vgamma2Vdelta T cells, are completely different from the protein antigens recognized by mouse gamma-delta T cells. This crucial difference between mouse and human gamma-delta T cells compels us to examine directly in an in vivo model of human

8

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

neoplasia the behavior of human gamma T cells, and to explore receptor-ligand interactions between Vgamma2Vdelta T cells and lymphoid, myeloid, or epithelial tumor cells. We will identify which of these receptor-ligand interactions is important in human gamma-delta T cell-mediated antineoplastic activity in an in vivo SCID mouse model. We will attempt to activate, with specific antigens, human VgammaVdelta2 T cells transplanted into SCID mice to test the hypothesis that such activation will boost gamma-delta T cell-mediated antineoplastic effects. Finally, we will attempt to modulate gamma-delta T cell function in healthy humans by ingestion of antigens recognized by gamma/delta T cells. These studies will thus help define the role of VgammaVdelta2 T cells in human tumor immunity. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN LYMPHOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Carpenter, Christopher L.; Assistant Professor; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center St 1005 Boston, MA 02215 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-JUL-2002; Project End 30-JUN-2007 Summary: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) constitutes about 8 percent of nonHodgkin's lymphomas in the general population and 25 percent in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. All ALCL express the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family member CD30. More than 60 percent of the cases of ALCL in the non-HIV population are caused by activation of the protein tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). ALK is usually activated by a 2:5 chromosomal translocation that produces a fusion with nucleophosmin (NPM), called NPM-ALK. Very little is known about the signal transduction pathways activated by NPM-ALK and thus, how it causes lymphoma. ALCL is unique because CD30 stimulation arrests cell growth. Although antibodies to CD30 are being used as therapy, the mechanism by which they arrest cell growth is not known. Our goals are to develop a foundation of knowledge about the signaling pathways necessary for NPM-ALK to cause lymphoma and to delineate the pathway by with CD30 stimulation arrests growth in ALCL. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 and phospholipase C gamma, are activated by NPM-ALK. Our studies suggest NPM-ALK phosphorylates the scaffolding proteins Gab2 and IRS-1 and thereby activates PI 3-kinase and probably STAT 3 and 5. We will determine the pathways by which NPM-ALK activates PI3K and STAT proteins and the importance of these pathways for lymphomagenesis. We will use both biochemical and genetic approaches to answer these questions. Our studies indicate that CD30 causes growth arrest as a result of inhibition of PI3K and induction of the cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor, p21waf1. Using primarily a biochemical approach, we will establish the signaling pathway by which CD30 activation arrests cell growth in ALCL. The results of these studies should provide critical insights into how ALCL develops and how CD30 stimulation works as therapy. This knowledge may also help in developing treatment for other CD30 positive lymphomas and understanding how other oncogenes cause cancer. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

•

Project Title: SYNERGISTIC LYMPHOMAS

CHEMO

RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY

FOR

B

Principal Investigator & Institution: Johnson, Timothy A.; Medicine; University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195

Studies

9

Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-APR-2000; Project End 31-MAR-2005 Summary: The long-term objectives of this proposal are 1) to improve therapy for nonHodgkin's lymphoma using combinations of radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy and 2) to discern the intracellular mechanisms responsible for the synergistic cytotoxicity mediated by these two therapeutic modalities. Preliminary data demonstrate marked synergism in vitro between Iodine-131-radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody and nucleoside analogs; moderate synergism with topoisomerase inhibitors; and non synergism with cisplatin or 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. The specific aims of this proposal are four-fold. First, we will test the hypothesis that nucleoside analogs are a more potent class of radiosensitizing drugs for use with I-131-anti-CD20 antibodies than other drug classes using human-derived lymphoma cell lines in vitro. Conclusions will be confirmed in three different in vitro cytotoxic assays, including a clonogenic outgrowth assay, and data will be analyzed by a rigorous isobolographic methodology. Second, we will investigate the mechanisms involved in the potent synergism observed with the nucleoside analogs by assaying well-established effects of the analogs, including the induction of apoptosis, the enhancement of radiation- induced DNA damage, and the incorporation of nucleoside analog into repair DNA. Third, we will investigate the role of Fs-dependent apoptosis in the synergism between anti-CD20 radioimmunotherapy and nucleoside analogs. Fas-dependent and Fas-independent signaling will be studied in experiments employing specific anti-Fas receptor and antiFas ligand blocking antibodies, soluble protein inhibitors of the caspase proteins, and immunoblotting of activated forms of caspase 3 (CPP32), caspase 8 (FLICE), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Fourth, the most promising combinations of radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody and chemotherapy will be tested for efficacy in two mouse tumor xenograft models, including a subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice and a disseminated tumor model in SCID mice. The proposed studies will be performed in the laboratory of Dr. Oliver Press at the University of Washington. The large patient base and intense focus on the treatment of lymphomas and other hematologic malignancies at both the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the expertise of the radioimmunotherapy group at these institutions will facilitate rapid translation of promising combinations of radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy into clinical trials. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: TREATMENT AND OUTCOME OF AIDS-RELATED LYMPHOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Diamond, Catherine A.; Medicine; University of California Irvine Campus Dr Irvine, CA 92697 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-AUG-2002; Project End 31-JUL-2007 Summary: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is an increasing cause of death among people with acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) due to declining rates of opportunistic infection (OI) with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). While the prognosis of AIDS- related NHL has been poor in the past, HAART may improve outcomes. Specific Aims: 1) We will identify NHL patients with and without AIDS from the population-based cancer registry using a rapid case ascertainment method. 2) We will describe HIV-specific patient and treatment characteristics of AIDS-NHL patients and distinguish which factors influence prognosis. 3) We will describe tumor characteristics and cancer treatment in NHL patients with and without AIDS and distinguish which oncologic features influence prognosis. 4) We will determine how the use of HAART influences the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and form an original prognostic model. Research Design: Using rapid case ascertainment, we will contact all

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AIDS-NHL cases reported in a two-year period to the cancer registry for Orange, San Diego, and Imperial Counties and a sample of non- AIDS NHL cases matched on age, sex and race/ethnicity reported during the same two-year period. We will perform interviews and chart reviews on NHL patients to collect information on biologic factors that influence prognosis such as such as NHL site, stage, and pathologic grade as well as patient-specific features such as race/ethnicity, performance status, and health care access. We will gather data on HIV-specific features including CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, HIV risk factors, and use of HAART for NHL patients with AIDS. We will compare survival, development of co-morbidities/OI, and quality of life (QOL) between NHL patients with and without AIDS over a three-year follow-up period between AIDS patients who receive HAART and those who do not. Lastly, we will determine how the use of HAART influences the IPI and develop a prognostic model that incorporates HIV-related factors, tumor characteristics, HAART, and chemotherapy. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the PubMed Central database: •

Antibody responses of splenectomized patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to immunization with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines.. by Petrasch S, Kuhnemund O, Reinacher A, Uppenkamp M, Reinert R, Schmiegel W, Lutticken R, Brittinger G. 1997 Nov; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=170631

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Risk of HIV related Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with potent antiretroviral therapy: prospective cohort study. by Ledergerber B, Telenti A, Egger M. 1999 Jul 3; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=28149

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Sunlight exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. by Weir E. 2001 Aug 7; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=81350

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Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print.

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The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “nonHodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma infiltrating the brachial plexus detected by Ga-67 scintigraphy. Author(s): Ohta H. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 2002 June; 16(4): 297-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12126101&dopt=Abstract

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A case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the transverse colon presenting as inflammatory bowel disease. Author(s): Ramasamy KA, Vignaraja R, Hastings AG, Bessell EM, Snape J. Source: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2002 December; 14(12): 1401-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468966&dopt=Abstract

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A case of treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jang GD, Kim SW, Suh CW, Kim EK, Bahng HS, Jeong YH, Park IG, Kim WK, Kim SH, Suh EJ, Park CJ, Ji HS, Lee JS. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2002 August; 17(4): 555-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12172056&dopt=Abstract

PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A dexamethasone, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, methotrexate and bleomycin (D-VICEMB) protocol as first-line treatment of patients aged 70 years or older affected by intermediate/high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Angrilli F, Pennese E, Di Marzio A, Liberatore E, Di Lorenzo R, Fioritoni G. Source: Haematologica. 2002 November; 87(11): 1227-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12414356&dopt=Abstract

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A dose-finding study of glycosylated G-CSF (Lenograstim) combined with CHOP therapy for stem cell mobilization in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Takeyama K, Ogura M, Morishima Y, Kasai M, Kiyama Y, Ohnishi K, Mitsuya H, Kawano F, Masaki Y, Sasaki T, Chou T, Yokozawa T, Tobinai K; Lenograstim/Lymphoma Study Group. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February; 33(2): 78-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12629058&dopt=Abstract

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A literature review of single agent treatment of multiply relapsed aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Webb MS, Saltman DL, Connors JM, Goldie JH. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 May; 43(5): 975-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12148908&dopt=Abstract

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A new weapon in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lipcamon JD, Sahl B. Source: Radiol Manage. 2002 September-October; 24(5): 13-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12422657&dopt=Abstract

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A phase II protection study of BB-10010 in patients with high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Author(s): Hough RE, Lorigan PC, Poynton C, Newland A, Gupta RK, Foran J, Hancock BW. Source: International Journal of Oncology. 2003 February; 22(2): 421-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12527943&dopt=Abstract

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A phase I-II study of rituximab, ifosfamide, mitoxantrone and etoposide (R-IME) for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma prior to and after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-ASCT). Author(s): Joyce RM, Regan M, Ottaway J, Umiel T, Tetreault JC, Levine J, McDermott D, Hurley D, Giallombardo N, Smith T, Lamontagne D, Uhl L, Avigan D. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I21-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736227&dopt=Abstract

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A primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone in Tunisia. A retrospective study of 15 cases. Author(s): Meddeb N, Rammeh N, Elleuch M, Chatti S, Gammoudi A, Sellami S, Boussen H, Baklouti S, Zlitni M. Source: Joint, Bone, Spine : Revue Du Rhumatisme. 2002 December; 69(6): 623-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12537275&dopt=Abstract

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A randomised multicentre trial of modified CHOP versus MCOP in patients aged 65 years and over with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bessell EM, Burton A, Haynes AP, Glaholm J, Child JA, Cullen MH, Davies JM, Smith GM, Ellis IO, Jack A, Jones EL; Central Lymphoma Group UK. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 February; 14(2): 258-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12562653&dopt=Abstract

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Abdominal irradiation after chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: review of 32 patients. Author(s): Brihi E, Akoum R, Saade M, Chahine G. Source: Molecular Immunology. 2003 July; 39(17-18): 1121-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12835089&dopt=Abstract

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ACOD, a modified CHOP regimen for elderly patients with aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Santoro P, Martinelli G, Ferrucci PF, Mingrone W, Cocorocchio E, Conconi A, Peccatori FA, De Luzio K, Mazzetta C, Zucca E, Cavalli F. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 May; 44(5): 801-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802917&dopt=Abstract

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Activity of interferon-alpha in relapsed patients with diffuse large B-cell and peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Armitage JO, Coiffier B. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 March; 11(3): 359-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10811506&dopt=Abstract

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Acute myeloblastic leukemia in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma early after double peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation. Author(s): Hashino S, Toyoshima N, Chiba K, Suzuki S, Kurosawa M, Musashi M, Asaka M. Source: Transplantation. 2003 July 15; 76(1): 264-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12865823&dopt=Abstract

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Acute onset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with bowel perforation in a patient with over 15 years' HIV positivity. A case report. Author(s): Greco L, Maggi P, Ialongo P, Lospalluti M, Polizzi RA, Catalano G. Source: Chir Ital. 2002 November-December; 54(6): 893-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12613342&dopt=Abstract

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Administration guidelines for radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 90Y-labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Author(s): Postema EJ, Oyen WJ, Boerman OC, Corstens FH. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 May; 44(5): 853. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12732690&dopt=Abstract

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Advances in the management of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lionberger JM, Armitage JO. Source: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2001 June; 1(1): 43-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12113132&dopt=Abstract

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Advances in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Cerny T, Gillessen S. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 4: 211-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12401693&dopt=Abstract

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Age-related differences among patients with follicular lymphoma and the importance of prognostic scoring systems: analysis from a population-based non-Hodgkin's lymphoma registry. Author(s): Maartense E, Le Cessie S, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Kluin PM, Snijder S, Wijermans PW, Noordijk EM. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 August; 13(8): 1275-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12181252&dopt=Abstract

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Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at the Institute of Oncology, Istanbul: treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors. Author(s): Alici S, Bavbek SE, Kaytan E, Basaran M, Eralp Y, Onat H. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2002 October; 25(5): 502-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12393993&dopt=Abstract

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Alcohol consumption, family history of hematolymphoproliferative cancer, and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in men. Author(s): Chiu BC, Weisenburger DD, Cantor KP, Zahm SH, Holmes F, Burmeister LF, Blair A. Source: Annals of Epidemiology. 2002 July; 12(5): 309-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12062917&dopt=Abstract

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Allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Toze CL, Barnett MJ. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. 2002 September; 15(3): 481-504. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468401&dopt=Abstract

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Allogeneic versus autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory and recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: updated results of the Utrecht experience. Author(s): Verdonck LF. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 June; 34(1-2): 129-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10350340&dopt=Abstract

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Altered release of tumor necrosis factor and its soluble receptor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Rathore VB, Advani SH, Nadkarni JJ. Source: Cancer Detection and Prevention. 1999; 23(3): 226-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10337001&dopt=Abstract

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Alternative translocation breakpoint cluster region 5' to BCL-6 in B-cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Butler MP, Iida S, Capello D, Rossi D, Rao PH, Nallasivam P, Louie DC, Chaganti S, Au T, Gascoyne RD, Gaidano G, Chaganti RS, Dalla-Favera R. Source: Cancer Research. 2002 July 15; 62(14): 4089-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12124346&dopt=Abstract

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An unusual case of chylothorax complicating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Larsen S, Manoharan A, Fermanis G, Schonell M. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 June; 38(1-2): 207-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10811466&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of internal deletions within the BCL6 gene in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Nakamura Y, Saito K, Furusawa S. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1999 April; 105(1): 274-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10233393&dopt=Abstract

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Ankylosing spondylitis associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Pavithran K, Raji NL, Thomas M. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 2002 June; 50: 836-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12240857&dopt=Abstract

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Antibody-based therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Foran JM. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. 2002 September; 15(3): 449-65. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468399&dopt=Abstract

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Are blood donors an adequate control group to ascertain HCV prevalence in nonHodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Iannitto E, De Cantis S, Cirrincione S, Ammatuna E, Di Trapani R, Quintini G, Carroccio A, Mariani G. Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2002 September; 17(9): 1039-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167130&dopt=Abstract

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Association between hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and effects of viral infection on histologic subtype and clinical course. Author(s): Vallisa D, Berte R, Rocca A, Civardi G, Giangregorio F, Ferrari B, Sbolli G, Cavanna L. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1999 May; 106(5): 556-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10335728&dopt=Abstract

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Association between xenobiotic gene polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk. Author(s): Kerridge I, Lincz L, Scorgie F, Hickey D, Granter N, Spencer A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 August; 118(2): 477-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12139735&dopt=Abstract

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Aurora2/BTAK/STK15 is involved in cell cycle checkpoint and cell survival of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hamada M, Yakushijin Y, Ohtsuka M, Kakimoto M, Yasukawa M, Fujita S. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 May; 121(3): 439-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12716366&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous bone marrow transplantation with negative immunomagnetic purging for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in first complete remission. Author(s): De Rosa L, Lalle M, Pandolfi A, Ruscio C, Amodeo R. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 October; 81(10): 575-81. Epub 2002 September 24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12424539&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: 100 month follow-up. Author(s): Bolwell B, Kalaycio M, Sobecks R, Andresen S, Mcbee M, Kuczkowski L, Rybicki L, Pohlman B. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002 April; 29(8): 673-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12180112&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant in first remission in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Tomblyn M, Winter JN. Source: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2003 June; 3(3): 281-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12820773&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Author(s): Blume KG. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002; 81 Suppl 2: S9-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12611059&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous stem cell transplantation in treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kluin-Nelemans HC. Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2002 October; 43(5): 561-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12402396&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous stem-cell transplantation as a component of initial treatment for poor-risk patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: resolved issues versus remaining opportunity. Author(s): Fisher RI. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 November 15; 20(22): 4411-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12431961&dopt=Abstract

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B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a girl with the DiGeorge anomaly. Author(s): Ramos JT, Lopez-Laso E, Ruiz-Contreras J, Giancaspro E, Madero S. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1999 November; 81(5): 444-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10519724&dopt=Abstract

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B-cell stimulation and prolonged immune deficiency are risk factors for nonHodgkin's lymphoma in people with AIDS. Author(s): Grulich AE, Wan X, Law MG, Milliken ST, Lewis CR, Garsia RJ, Gold J, Finlayson RJ, Cooper DA, Kaldor JM. Source: Aids (London, England). 2000 January 28; 14(2): 133-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10708283&dopt=Abstract

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Bcl-2 clearance: optimising outcomes in follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Berinstein NL, Buckstein R, Imrie K, Spaner D, Mangel J, Tompkins K, Pennell N, Reis M, Pavlin P, Lima A, Couvadia A, Robinson J, Richardson P. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002 February; 29 Suppl 1: S14-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11840156&dopt=Abstract

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Bcl-2 family of proteins in indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: study of 116 cases. Author(s): Agarwal B, Naresh KN. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2002 August; 70(4): 278-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12210808&dopt=Abstract

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Bcl-2 gene rearrangements and apoptosis rates in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma during chemotherapy. Author(s): Yazici H, Yalcinkaya L, Inanc S, Onat H, Saip P, Dalay N. Source: Clinical Biochemistry. 1999 February; 32(1): 45-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10074891&dopt=Abstract

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BCL-6 in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ye BH. Source: Cancer Investigation. 2000; 18(4): 356-65. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10808372&dopt=Abstract

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Bendamustine in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results and future perspectives. Author(s): Rummel MJ, Mitrou PS, Hoelzer D. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2002 August; 29(4 Suppl 13): 27-32. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12170430&dopt=Abstract

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Bendamustine is effective in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Weidmann E, Kim SZ, Rost A, Schuppert H, Seipelt G, Hoelzer D, Mitrou PS. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 August; 13(8): 1285-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12181253&dopt=Abstract

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Benzene and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): O'Connor SR, Farmer PB, Lauder I. Source: The Journal of Pathology. 1999 December; 189(4): 448-53. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10629542&dopt=Abstract

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Beta-thalassemia intermedia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Chehal A, Loutfi R, Taher A. Source: Hemoglobin. 2002 August; 26(3): 219-25. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12403486&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with adrenal insufficiency. Author(s): Ellis RD, Read D. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2000 August; 76(898): 508-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10908383&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral chylothorax due to retrosternal goiter in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Simmgen M, Newlands ES, Southcott BM, Vigushin DM. Source: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2001; 18(2): 153-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11778762&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral lacrimal sac fistulas in a patient with nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kiratli H, Elgin U, Kiratli PO, Bekdik CF. Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 1998 May-June; 35(3): 1778. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9627882&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral upper and lower lid fatty herniation: an unusual presentation of nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bracaglia R, Fortunato R, Gentileschi S, La Rocca LM, Bruno I. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2003 January; 56(1): 53-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12706154&dopt=Abstract

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Biodistribution and dosimetry results from a phase III prospectively randomized controlled trial of Zevalin radioimmunotherapy for low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Wiseman GA, White CA, Sparks RB, Erwin WD, Podoloff DA, Lamonica D, Bartlett NL, Parker JA, Dunn WL, Spies SM, Belanger R, Witzig TE, Leigh BR. Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2001 July-August; 39(1-2): 181-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11418315&dopt=Abstract

20 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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Biodistribution and kinetics of (131)I-labelled anti-CD20 MAB IDEC-C2B8 (rituximab) in relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Scheidhauer K, Wolf I, Baumgartl HJ, Von Schilling C, Schmidt B, Reidel G, Peschel C, Schwaiger M. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 October; 29(10): 1276-82. Epub 2002 July 06. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12271407&dopt=Abstract

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Biology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Knowles DM. Source: Cancer Treat Res. 2001; 104: 149-200. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11191126&dopt=Abstract

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Blood and marrow transplantation in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Stiff PJ. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 1998 October; 12(10 Suppl 8): 56-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9830634&dopt=Abstract

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Blood levels of organochlorines before and after chemotherapy among nonHodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Baris D, Kwak LW, Rothman N, Wilson W, Manns A, Tarone RE, Hartge P. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2000 February; 9(2): 193-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10698481&dopt=Abstract

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Blood transfusion and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Maguire-Boston EK, Suman V, Jacobsen SJ, Moore SB, Habermann TM, Cerhan JR, Folsom AR. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 June 15; 149(12): 1113-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10369505&dopt=Abstract

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Blood transfusions and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Chow EJ, Holly EA. Source: Epidemiologic Reviews. 2002; 24(2): 269-79. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12762097&dopt=Abstract

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Blood transfusions and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cerhan JR, Wallace RB, Dick F, Kemp J, Parker AS, Zheng W, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2001 April; 10(4): 361-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11319177&dopt=Abstract

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Blood transfusions and the risk of intermediate- or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Nelson RA, Levine AM, Bernstein L. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1998 November 18; 90(22): 1742-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9827530&dopt=Abstract

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Blood transfusions as a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the San Francisco Bay Area: a population-based study. Author(s): Chow EJ, Holly EA. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2002 April 15; 155(8): 725-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11943690&dopt=Abstract

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BLyS and BLyS receptor expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Briones J, Timmerman JM, Hilbert DM, Levy R. Source: Experimental Hematology. 2002 February; 30(2): 135-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11823048&dopt=Abstract

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Bone marrow and peripheral blood changes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lim EJ, Peh SC. Source: Singapore Med J. 2000 June; 41(6): 279-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11109344&dopt=Abstract

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Bone marrow involvement and the prognosis of low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zemunik T, Vuckovic J, Marinkovic M, Forempoher G. Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 1998 December; 39(4): 419-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9841943&dopt=Abstract

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Bone marrow necrosis in adult acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Forrest DL, Mack BJ, Nevill TJ, Couban SH, Zayed E, Foyle A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 August; 38(5-6): 627-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10953985&dopt=Abstract

22 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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Bone marrow staging of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: is flow cytometry a useful test? Author(s): Auer I, Luider J. Source: Cancer. 1999 January 1; 85(1): 240-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9921998&dopt=Abstract

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Bowel perforation during chemotherapy for non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Sakakura C, Hagiwara A, Nakanishi M, Yasuoka R, Shirasu M, Togawa T, Taniwaki M, Yamagishi H. Source: Hepatogastroenterology. 1999 November-December; 46(30): 3175-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10626181&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer and splenic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a rare occurrence. Author(s): Engin H, Baltali E, Oyan B, Goksel H, Demirel B. Source: The Breast Journal. 2002 November-December; 8(6): 400-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12390369&dopt=Abstract

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Breast metastasis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: evaluation with Ga-67 scintigraphy. Author(s): Hama Y, Kosuda S, Uematsu M, Kusano S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2000 July; 25(7): 549-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10885701&dopt=Abstract

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Busulfan and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kiss TL, Panzarella T, Messner HA, Meharchand J, Reddy V, Schimmer AD, Lipton JH. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2003 January; 31(2): 73-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12621486&dopt=Abstract

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Cardiac involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Magagnoli M, Nozza A, Romano Lutman F, Santoro A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 December; 119(4): 887. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12472562&dopt=Abstract

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Case report: extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parapharyngeal space. Author(s): Tulin Kayhan F, Ozkul N. Source: Auris, Nasus, Larynx. 1999 April; 26(2): 201-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10214901&dopt=Abstract

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Central nervous system involvement following diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a risk model. Author(s): Hollender A, Kvaloy S, Nome O, Skovlund E, Lote K, Holte H. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 July; 13(7): 1099-107. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12176790&dopt=Abstract

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Central nervous system relapse of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of treatment based on high-dose methotrexate combination chemotherapy. Author(s): Bokstein F, Lossos A, Lossos IS, Siegal T. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 March; 43(3): 587-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12002763&dopt=Abstract

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CEOP treatment results and validity of the International Prognostic Index in Chinese patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Chim CS, Kwong YL, Lie AK, Lee CK, Liang R. Source: Hematological Oncology. 1998 September; 16(3): 117-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10235070&dopt=Abstract

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Challenging problems in advanced malignancy: Case 1. Chylopericardium during the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lee YH, Im SA, Nam SH, Lee SN, Kim Y, Seong CM, Han WS, Lee SW, Park SH, Lee SN. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 August 15; 21(16): 3168-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12915608&dopt=Abstract

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Challenging problems in advanced malignancy: Case 4. Use of positron emission tomography to solve a diagnostic dilemma in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hennessy BT, Horgan A, Hogan M, Barry J, Reilly SO, Breathnach O. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 August 15; 21(16): 3173-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12915611&dopt=Abstract

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Characteristics and survival of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Author(s): Diamond C, Taylor TH, Anton-Culver H. Source: Hematological Oncology. 2002 December; 20(4): 177-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12469327&dopt=Abstract

24 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus genotype in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Fassone L, Cingolani A, Martini M, Migliaretti G, Oreste PL, Capello D, Gloghini A, Vivenza D, Dolcetti R, Carbone A, Antinori A, Gaidano G, Larocca LM. Source: Aids Research and Human Retroviruses. 2002 January 1; 18(1): 19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11804553&dopt=Abstract

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Characterization of t(3;6)(q27;p21) breakpoints in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and construction of the histone H4/BCL6 fusion gene, leading to altered expression of Bcl-6. Author(s): Kurata M, Maesako Y, Ueda C, Nishikori M, Akasaka T, Uchiyama T, Ohno H. Source: Cancer Research. 2002 November 1; 62(21): 6224-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12414651&dopt=Abstract

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Characterization of T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and its association with EpsteinBarr virus in Pakistani patients. Author(s): Noorali S, Pervez S, Moatter T, Soomro IN, Kazmi SU, Nasir MI, Smith JL. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 May; 44(5): 807-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802918&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy combined with interferon-alpha in hepatitis B virus carriers with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Matano S, Kobayashi K, Ohta H, Minouchi K, Sanada T, Sugimoto T. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2002; 107(1): 46-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11818673&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood exposure to simian virus 40-contaminated poliovirus vaccine and risk of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Engels EA, Rodman LH, Frisch M, Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 August 20; 106(2): 283-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12800207&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in relation to proximity to railways. Author(s): Dickinson HO, Hammal DM, Dummer TJ, Parker L, Bithell JF. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2003 March 10; 88(5): 695-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12618876&dopt=Abstract

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Chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Mabthera) in remission induction and maintenance treatment of relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase III randomized clinical trial--Intergroup Collaborative Study. Author(s): Van Oers MH, Hagenbeek A, Van Glabbeke M, Teodorovic I. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 October; 81(10): 553-7. Epub 2002 October 17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12424535&dopt=Abstract

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CHOP compared with CHOP plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Doorduijn JK, van der Holt B, van Imhoff GW, van der Hem KG, Kramer MH, van Oers MH, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schaafsma MR, Verdonck LF, Verhoef GE, Steijaert MM, Buijt I, Uyl-de Groot CA, van Agthoven M, Mulder AH, Sonneveld P. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 August 15; 21(16): 3041-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12915593&dopt=Abstract

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Chylothorax in a case of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Naseer A, Saeed W. Source: J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2003 February; 13(2): 108-10. Erratum In: J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2003 July; 13(7): 422. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685957&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 expression and proliferation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: independent prognostic value of p27Kip1. Author(s): Moller MB, Skjodt K, Mortensen LS, Pedersen NT. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1999 June; 105(3): 730-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10354138&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical significance of nm23-H1 proteins expressed on cell surface in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Niitsu N, Honma Y, Iijima K, Takagi T, Higashihara M, Sawada U, OkabeKado J. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2003 January; 17(1): 196-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12529678&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical trials referral resource. Current clinical trials in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Cheson BD, West PJ. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 2002 June; 16(6): 762-3, 766. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12088298&dopt=Abstract

26 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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c-Myc oncogene and Cdc25A cell activating phosphatase expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Aref S, Fouda M, El-Dosoky E, Menessy A, Mabed M, Saleeb M, Zalata K. Source: Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2003 June; 8(3): 183-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12745652&dopt=Abstract

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CNOP for diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the Nebraska lymphoma study group experience. Author(s): Vose JM, Weisenburger DD, Lynch JC, Bierman PJ, Chan JC, Bast M, Aoun P, Bociek G, Greiner T, Armitage JO; Nebraska Lymphomas Study Group. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 April; 43(4): 799-804. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12153167&dopt=Abstract

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CNS prophylaxis and treatment in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: variation in practice and lessons from the literature. Author(s): Buckstein R, Lim W, Franssen E, Imrie KL. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 June; 44(6): 955-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12854893&dopt=Abstract

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Colovesical fistula an unusual complication of cytotoxic therapy in a case of nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ansari MS, Nabi G, Singh I, Hemal AK, Pandey G. Source: International Urology and Nephrology. 2001; 33(2): 373-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12092659&dopt=Abstract

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Combination immunotherapy with rituximab and interleukin 2 in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Friedberg JW, Neuberg D, Gribben JG, Fisher DC, Canning C, Koval M, Poor CM, Green LM, Daley J, Soiffer R, Ritz J, Freedman AS. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 June; 117(4): 828-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12060117&dopt=Abstract

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Combination therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an opportunity for pharmaceutical care in a specialty practice. Author(s): Augustine SC, Norenberg JP, Colcher DM, Vose JM, Gobar LS, Dukat VJ, Hohenstein MA, Rutar FJ, Jacobson DA, Tempero MA. Source: Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996). 2002 January-February; 42(1): 93-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11833524&dopt=Abstract

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Comparative physical and pharmacologic characteristics of iodine-131 and yttrium-90: implications for radioimmunotherapy for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Leonard JP, Siegel JA, Goldsmith SJ. Source: Cancer Investigation. 2003 April; 21(2): 241-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743990&dopt=Abstract

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Comparative study of low-dose oral granisetron plus dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by CHOP-therapy in young patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Numbenjapon T, Sriswasdi C, Mongkonsritragoon W, Leelasiri A, Prayoonwiwat W. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2002 November; 85(11): 1156-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12546311&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of interviewed and non-interviewed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients in the San Francisco Bay Area. Author(s): Holly EA, Gautam M, Bracci PM. Source: Annals of Epidemiology. 2002 August; 12(6): 419-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12160601&dopt=Abstract

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Complete remission of tumour with interleukin 2 therapy in a patient with nonHodgkin's lymphoma post allogeneic bone marrow transplant associated with polyclonal T-cell bone marrow lymphocytosis. Author(s): Kiss TL, Spaner D, Daly AS, Hasegawa WS, Lipton JH, Messner HA, Chang H. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 February; 120(3): 523-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12580972&dopt=Abstract

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Composite germ cell tumor and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in the sella turcica. Author(s): Valdez R, McKeever P, Finn WG, Gebarski S, Schnitzer B. Source: Human Pathology. 2002 October; 33(10): 1044-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12395379&dopt=Abstract

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Constrictive pericarditis caused by infiltration of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Noma T, Mizushige K, Kohno M. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2002 August; 88(2): 148. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12117839&dopt=Abstract

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Correlation and prognostic value of serum soluble ICAM-1, beta-2 microglobulin, and IL-2alphaR levels in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Perez-Encinas M, Quintas A, Bendana A, Rabunal MJ, Bello JL. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 May; 33(5-6): 551-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10342582&dopt=Abstract

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Correlation of serum IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 levels with International Prognostic Index in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Aydin F, Yilmaz M, Ozdemir F, Kavgaci H, Yavuz MN, Yavuz AA. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2002 December; 25(6): 570-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12478000&dopt=Abstract

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Cost analysis of CHOP (-like) chemotherapy regimens for patients with newly diagnosed aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): van Agthoven M, Faber LM, Uyl-de Groot CA, Sonneveld P, Verdonck LF, Willemze R, Kluin-Nelemans JC, Lowenberg B, Huijgens PC. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2002 October; 69(4): 213-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12431240&dopt=Abstract

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Current and future uses of recombinant interferon alpha in the treatment of lowgrade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Steis RG, Foon KA, Longo DL. Source: Cancer. 1987 February 1; 59(3 Suppl): 658-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10822466&dopt=Abstract

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Current role and future perspectives for ifosfamide in the treatment of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--results from an expert meeting. Author(s): Sneller V, Armitage J. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I1-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736223&dopt=Abstract

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Current treatment of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Reiser M, Diehl V. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2002 June; 38(9): 1167-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12044501&dopt=Abstract

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Cutaneous granulomas associated with high-grade T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Farrell AM, Henry K, Woodrow D, Francis N, Newlands ES, Mitchell DN, Cream JJ. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1999 January; 140(1): 145-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10215786&dopt=Abstract

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CXCR4 neutralization, a novel therapeutic approach for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bertolini F, Dell'Agnola C, Mancuso P, Rabascio C, Burlini A, Monestiroli S, Gobbi A, Pruneri G, Martinelli G. Source: Cancer Research. 2002 June 1; 62(11): 3106-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12036921&dopt=Abstract

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Debate on the conservative and aggressive treatment options for the optimal management of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Imrie KR, Linch DC, Czuczman MS. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2002 November; 13 Suppl 2: S19-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12710587&dopt=Abstract

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Decreasing rates of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the era of potent combination anti-retroviral therapy. Author(s): Grulich AE, Li Y, McDonald AM, Correll PK, Law MG, Kaldor JM. Source: Aids (London, England). 2001 March 30; 15(5): 629-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11317001&dopt=Abstract

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Delayed diagnosis of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the sacrum. Author(s): Theodorou DJ, Theodorou SJ, Sartoris DJ, Haghighi P, Resnick D. Source: Clinical Imaging. 2000 May-June; 24(3): 169-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11150687&dopt=Abstract

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Delineation of the frequently deleted region on chromosome arm 13q in B-cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Wada M, Okamura T, Okada M, Teramura M, Masuda M, Motoji T, Mizoguchi H. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2000 February; 71(2): 159-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10745626&dopt=Abstract

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Delivery of full dose CHOP chemotherapy to elderly patients with aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma without G-CSF support. Author(s): Campbell C, Sawka C, Franssen E, Berinstein NL. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 September; 35(1-2): 119-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10512169&dopt=Abstract

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Demonstration of highly specific toxicity of the alpha-emitting radioimmunoconjugate(211)At-rituximab against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Author(s): Aurlien E, Larsen RH, Kvalheim G, Bruland OS. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2000 November; 83(10): 1375-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11044364&dopt=Abstract

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Descriptive epidemiology of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a population-based registry. Author(s): Gurney KA, Cartwright RA, Gilman EA. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1999 April; 79(11-12): 1929-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10206316&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by capromab pendetide scintigraphy (ProstaScint) in a patient with prostate carcinoma. Author(s): Zanzi I, Stark R. Source: Urology. 2002 September; 60(3): 514. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12350503&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of abundantly transcribed genes and gene translocation in human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Tarantul V, Nikolaev A, Hannig H, Kalmyrzaev B, Muchoyan I, Maximov V, Nenasheva V, Dubovaya V, Hunsmann G, Bodemer W. Source: Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.). 2001 March-April; 3(2): 132-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11420749&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of chromosome abnormalities pre-high-dose treatment in patients developing therapy-related myelodysplasia and secondary acute myelogenous leukemia after treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lillington DM, Micallef IN, Carpenter E, Neat MJ, Amess JA, Matthews J, Foot NJ, Young BD, Lister TA, Rohatiner AZ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 May 1; 19(9): 2472-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11331326&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of concurrent/recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in effusions by PCR. Author(s): Murphy M, Signoretti S, Nasser I, Sherburne B, Loda M. Source: Human Pathology. 1999 November; 30(11): 1361-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10571518&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma liver disease in cirrhotic patients. Author(s): Picardi M, De Renzo A, Falzarano G, Vecchione R, D'Armiento M, Rotoli B. Source: Haematologica. 1999 March; 84(3): 278-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10189397&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of relapse in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: role of routine follow-up studies. Author(s): Elis A, Blickstein D, Klein O, Eliav-Ronen R, Manor Y, Lishner M. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2002 January; 69(1): 41-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11835330&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of translocations affecting the BCL6 locus in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Author(s): Sanchez-Izquierdo D, Siebert R, Harder L, Marugan I, Gozzetti A, Price HP, Gesk S, Hernandez-Rivas JM, Benet I, Sole F, Sonoki T, Le Beau MM, Schlegelberger B, Dyer MJ, Garcia-Conde J, Martinez-Climent JA. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2001 September; 15(9): 1475-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11516111&dopt=Abstract

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Development of anti-VWF antibody in a patient with severe haemophilia A following the development of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ghosh K, Shetty S, Jijina F, Mohanty D. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 2002 June; 24(3): 191-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12067287&dopt=Abstract

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Development of radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Multani P. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2002 December; 76(5): 401-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12512834&dopt=Abstract

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Dexa-BEAM is not effective in patients with relapsed or resistant aggressive highgrade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Reiser M, Josting A, Dias Wickramanayake P, Draube A, Scheid C, Tesch H, Wolf J, Diehl V, Engert A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 April; 33(3-4): 305-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10221510&dopt=Abstract

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Dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and oxaliplatin (DHAOx) as salvage treatment for patients with initially refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Machover D, Delmas-Marsalet B, Misra SC, Gumus Y, Goldschmidt E, Schilf A, Frenoy N, Emile JF, Debuire B, Guettier C, Farrokhi P, Boulefdaoui B, Norol F, Parquet N, Ulusakarya A, Jasmin C. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2001 October; 12(10): 1439-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762817&dopt=Abstract

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DICE (dexamethasone, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide) infusional chemotherapy for refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Author(s): Coleman M, Leonard J, Shuster MW, Kaufman TP. Source: European Journal of Haematology. Supplementum. 2001 July; (64): 41-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11486401&dopt=Abstract

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Dichotomy between Tc-99m MDP bone scan and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose coincidence detection positron emission tomography in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lee J, Park CH, Kim HC, Kim HS. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2000 July; 25(7): 532-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10885695&dopt=Abstract

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Dietary fat and protein in relation to risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women. Author(s): Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Rosner BA, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1999 October 20; 91(20): 1751-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10528026&dopt=Abstract

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Differential gene expression in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of SIV-infected monkey. Author(s): Tarantul VZ, Nikolaev AI, Martynenko A, Hannig H, Hunsmann G, Bodemer W. Source: Aids Research and Human Retroviruses. 2000 January 20; 16(2): 173-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10659056&dopt=Abstract

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Differential mobilization of CD34+ cells and lymphoma cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with different growth factors. Author(s): Gazitt Y, Shaughnessy P, Liu Q. Source: Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research. 2001 February; 10(1): 167-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11276370&dopt=Abstract

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Differentiation between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma recurrence and second primary lymphoma by VDJ rearrangement analysis. Author(s): Libra M, De Re V, Gasparotto D, Gloghini A, Marzotto A, Milan I, Tirelli U, Stivala F, Carbone A, Boiocchi M. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 September; 118(3): 809-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12181049&dopt=Abstract

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Difficulties in differentiating endoscopically primary from secondary gastric nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Tursi A. Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2000 July; 52(1): 146-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10882989&dopt=Abstract

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Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Author(s): Boulanger E, Rieux-Laucat F, Picard C, Legall M, Sigaux F, Clauvel JP, Oksenhendler E, Le Deist F, Meignin V. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 May; 113(2): 432-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11380411&dopt=Abstract

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Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a vaginal mass in a patient with a history of intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Author(s): Hosing C, Freedman RS, McLaughlin P, Malpica A, Fornage BD, Kudelka AP. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2001 April; 24(2): 204-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11319299&dopt=Abstract

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Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as Sister Joseph's nodule. Author(s): Tam C, Turner H, Hicks RJ, Seymour JF. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 October; 43(10): 2055-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12481909&dopt=Abstract

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Diplopia as an initial manifestation of disseminated non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Claeys A, Trullemans F, Maes J, Hennekes R, Salu P. Source: Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2002; (286): 35-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12564315&dopt=Abstract

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Direct Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) typing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells: no association between EBV type 2 infection or superinfection and the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): van Baarle D, Hovenkamp E, Kersten MJ, Klein MR, Miedema F, van Oers MH. Source: Blood. 1999 June 1; 93(11): 3949-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10339504&dopt=Abstract

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Disrupted p53 function as predictor of treatment failure and poor prognosis in B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Moller MB, Gerdes AM, Skjodt K, Mortensen LS, Pedersen NT. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 1999 May; 5(5): 1085-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10353742&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection in a patient with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Enzensberger R, Hunfeld KP, Elshorst-Schmidt T, Boer A, Brade V. Source: Infection. 2002 December; 30(6): 393-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12478331&dopt=Abstract

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Distribution of various subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in India: a study of 2773 lymphomas using R.E.A.L. and WHO Classifications. Author(s): Naresh KN, Srinivas V, Soman CS. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000; 11 Suppl 1: 63-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10707782&dopt=Abstract

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DNA polymerase chain reaction using fine needle aspiration biopsy smears to evaluate non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Grosso LE, Collins BT. Source: Acta Cytol. 1999 September-October; 43(5): 837-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10518139&dopt=Abstract

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Does asbestos exposure cause non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or related hematolymphoid cancers? A review of the epidemiologic literature. Author(s): Weisenburger DD, Chiu BC. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2002 June; 3(1): 36-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12141953&dopt=Abstract

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Dose-escalation of CHOP in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Santoro A, Balzarotti M, Tondini C, Zanini M, Giardini R, Latteri F, Rampinelli I, Bufalino R. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1999 May; 10(5): 519-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10416000&dopt=Abstract

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Dose-escalation study of CHOP with or without prophylactic G-CSF in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Itoh K, Ohtsu T, Wakita H, Igarashi T, Ishizawa K, Onozawa Y, Fujii H, Minami H, Sasaki Y. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 October; 11(10): 1241-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11106111&dopt=Abstract

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Double-phase Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy as a therapeutic predictor in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Song HC, Lee JJ, Bom HS, Chung IJ, Kim HJ, Park YK, Kim EE. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2003 June; 28(6): 457-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12911092&dopt=Abstract

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Downbeat nystagmus caused by thiamine deficiency: an unusual presentation of CNS localization of large cell anaplastic CD 30-positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mulder AH, Raemaekers JM, Boerman RH, Mattijssen V. Source: Annals of Hematology. 1999 February; 78(2): 105-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10089030&dopt=Abstract

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Drug monitoring of PEG-asparaginase treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vieira Pinheiro JP, Lanversa C, Wurthwein G, Beier R, Casimiro da Palma J, von Stackelberg A, Boos J. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 October; 43(10): 1911-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12481884&dopt=Abstract

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Early autologous stem-cell transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy as front-line therapy in high-risk, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an Italian multicenter randomized trial. Author(s): Martelli M, Gherlinzoni F, De Renzo A, Zinzani PL, De Vivo A, Cantonetti M, Falini B, Storti S, Meloni G, Rizzo M, Molinari AL, Lauria F, Moretti L, Lauta VM, Mazza P, Guardigni L, Pescarmona E, Pileri SA, Mandelli F, Tura S. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 April 1; 21(7): 1255-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12663712&dopt=Abstract

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Early cardiotoxicity of the CHOP regimen in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Limat S, Demesmay K, Voillat L, Bernard Y, Deconinck E, Brion A, Sabbah A, Woronoff-Lemsi MC, Cahn JY. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 February; 14(2): 277-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12562656&dopt=Abstract

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Early restaging positron emission tomography with ( 18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose predicts outcome in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Vandenberghe P, Thomas J, de Groot T, Balzarini J, De Wolf-Peeters C, Mortelmans L, Verhoef G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 September; 13(9): 1356-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12196360&dopt=Abstract

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E-cadherin expression in lymph nodes of three patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Takubo T, Kanashima H, Terada Y, Shibata H, Aoyama Y, Nakamae H, Yamamura R, Shima E, Makita K, Tanaka K, Ohta K, Yamane T, Hino M, Kamitani T, Tatsumi N, Ohshima K. Source: Haematologia. 2002; 32(1): 67-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12243557&dopt=Abstract

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Echocardiographic assessment of right atrial thrombus related to the implanted port device in patient receiving chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ozimek W, Wroblewska-Kaluzewska M, Gadomski A, Sopylo B, RokickaMilewska R, Jaranowska D, Ebinger K, Malec Z, Brzewski M. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2000 September-October; 6(5): 1013-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11208448&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of cell determinant (CD)34+ cell dose on the cost and consequences of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in front-line therapy. Author(s): Limat S, Woronoff-Lemsi MC, Milpied N, Chartrin I, Ifrah N, Deconinck E, Gressin R, Colombat P, Cahn JY, Arveux P; Groupe Ouest Est d'etude des Leucemies et Autres Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS). Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2000 December; 36(18): 2360-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11094310&dopt=Abstract

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Effective purging of autologous hematopoietic stem cells using anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-coated high-density microparticles prior to high-dose therapy for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Webb IJ, Friedberg W, Gribben JG, Fisher DC, Spitzer T, Neuberg D, Jallow H, Kim H, Houde H, Monroy R, Schmittling R, Freedman AS. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2002; 8(8): 429-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12234168&dopt=Abstract

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Effectiveness of interferon-alfa and mid-cycle chemotherapy added to an anthracycline-based regimen in the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Enschede SH, Shahidi H, Venugopal P, Riley MB, Huang R, Jajeh A, Preisler HD, Gregory SA. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 January; 40(3-4): 325-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426554&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy and safety of monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) for the treatment of patients with recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Author(s): Kaya H, Keung YK, Case D, Cruz JM, Perry JJ, Radford JE, Hurd DD. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2002; 8(10): 544-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12434949&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults 60 years of age and older. Author(s): Gopal AK, Gooley TA, Golden JB, Maloney DG, Bensinger WI, Petersdorf SH, Appelbaum FR, Press OW. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2001 March; 27(6): 593-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11319588&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of splenectomy for patients with mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Yoong Y, Kurtin PJ, Allmer C, Geyer S, Habermann TM, Nagorney DM, Witzig TE. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 November-December; 42(6): 1235-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11911404&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of vinorelbine, epirubicin and prednisone combination regimen in pretreated elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Tani M, Stefoni V, Albertini P, Bendandi M, Gherlinzoni F, Alinari L, Vigna E, Tura S. Source: Haematologica. 2001 March; 86(3): 287-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11255276&dopt=Abstract

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Elevated serum levels of soluble CD44 variant 6 are correlated with shorter survival in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Sasaki K, Niitsu N. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2000 September; 65(3): 195-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11007056&dopt=Abstract

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Enormous bilateral adrenal uptake of F-18 FDG caused by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Brink I, Schneider B, Hoegerle S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 October; 27(10): 739-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12352123&dopt=Abstract

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Environmental risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a population-based casecontrol study in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Author(s): Fabbro-Peray P, Daures JP, Rossi JF. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2001 April; 12(3): 201-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11405325&dopt=Abstract

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Eosinophilic pneumonia after administration of fludarabine for the treatment of nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Trojan A, Meier R, Licht A, Taverna C. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 September; 81(9): 535-7. Epub 2002 August 01. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12373357&dopt=Abstract

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Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. Author(s): Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998 July; 9(7): 717-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9739436&dopt=Abstract

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Epidural B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with chronic subdural hematoma. Author(s): Alimehmeti R, Locatelli M. Source: Surgical Neurology. 2002 March; 57(3): 179-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12009545&dopt=Abstract

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Epithelioid granulomas as main clinical manifestation at the outset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: report of two cases. Author(s): Lerza R, Schenone E, Barsotti BP, Botta M, Arboscello E, Truini M, Bogliolo G, Pannacciulli I. Source: Oncology Research. 2002; 13(1): 55-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12201675&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-Barr virus detection in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral cavity: an immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization study. Author(s): Leong IT, Fernandes BJ, Mock D. Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. 2001 August; 92(2): 184-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11505266&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-Barr virus-associated anaplastic large cell variant of diffuse large B-cell-type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with concurrent p53 protein expression. Author(s): Hirose Y, Masaki Y, Shimoyama K, Fukushima T, Kawabata H, Ogawa N, Wano Y, Sugai S. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2003 June; 77(5): 499-502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12841389&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with concurrent p53 protein expression in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with methotrexate. Author(s): Hirose Y, Masaki Y, Okada J, Kim CG, Kawabata H, Ogawa N, Wano Y, Sugai S. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2002 May; 75(4): 412-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12041674&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-barr virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell origin, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus: a serologic and molecular analysis. Author(s): Mitarnun W, Pradutkanchana J, Takao S, Saechan V, Suwiwat S, Ishida T. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2002 May; 85(5): 552-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12188384&dopt=Abstract

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ESHAP salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Choi CW, Paek CW, Seo JH, Kim BS, Shin SW, Kim YH, Kim JS. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2002 October; 17(5): 621-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12378012&dopt=Abstract

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Establishing a radioimmunotherapy outpatient care clinic for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hendrix C, de Leon C. Source: Semin Oncol Nurs. 2002 February; 18(1 Suppl 1): 22-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11878048&dopt=Abstract

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Etoposide, mitoxantrone and prednisone: a salvage regimen with low toxicity for refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Doorduijn JK, Spruit P, van Der Holt B, van't Veer M, Budel L, Lowenberg B, Sonneveld P. Source: Haematologica. 2000 August; 85(8): 814-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10942927&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of combretastatin A-4 prodrug in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenograft model: preclinical efficacy. Author(s): Nabha SM, Mohammad RM, Wall NR, Dutcher JA, Salkini BM, Pettit GR, AlKatib AM. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2001 January; 12(1): 57-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11272287&dopt=Abstract

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Ex vivo expansion of CD34-positive peripheral blood progenitor cells from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: no evidence of concomitant expansion of contaminating bcl2/JH-positive lymphoma cells. Author(s): Yao M, Fouillard L, Lemoine FM, Bouchet S, Firat H, Andreu G, Gorin NC, Douay L, Lopez M. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000 September; 26(5): 497-503. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11019838&dopt=Abstract

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Excellent tolerance of rituximab when given after mitoxantrone/cyclophosphamide: an effective and safe combination for indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Emmanouilides C, Rosen P, Telatar M, Malone R, Bosserman L, Menco H, Patel R, Barstis J, Grody WW. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2000 September; 1(2): 146-51; Discussion 152-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11707827&dopt=Abstract

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Experience with 9-cis retinoic acid in patients with relapsed and refractory nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Younes A, Cristofanilli M, McLaughlin P, Hagemeister FB, Weber D, Mesina O, Cabanillas F. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 December; 40(1-2): 79-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426631&dopt=Abstract

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Exposure to pesticides as risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia: pooled analysis of two Swedish case-control studies. Author(s): Hardell L, Eriksson M, Nordstrom M. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 May; 43(5): 1043-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12148884&dopt=Abstract

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Expression and function of CD28 on Epstein-Barr virus-positive B cell lines and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines. Author(s): Widney D, Boscardin WJ, Kasravi A, Martinez-Maza O. Source: Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. 2003 March-April; 24(2): 82-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12853703&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of adhesion molecules on CD34(+) cells in peripheral blood of nonhodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with different growth factors. Author(s): Gazitt Y, Shaughnessy P, Liu Q. Source: Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio). 2001; 19(2): 134-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11239168&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of angiogenic factors and hypoxia inducible factors HIF 1, HIF 2 and CA IX in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Stewart M, Talks K, Leek R, Turley H, Pezzella F, Harris A, Gatter K. Source: Histopathology. 2002 March; 40(3): 253-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11895491&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with poor outcome in nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Pazgal I, Zimra Y, Tzabar C, Okon E, Rabizadeh E, Shaklai M, Bairey O. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2002 June 5; 86(11): 1770-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12087465&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of cyclin B1 and cdc2 in nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and its prognostic implications. Author(s): Jin YH, Park CK. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2002 June; 17(3): 322-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12068134&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily member, CD9, is related to improved progression-free survival in patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Yau JC, Dabbagh LK, Formenti KS, Coupland RW, Burns BF, Shaw AR. Source: Oncol Rep. 1998 November-December; 5(6): 1507-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9769396&dopt=Abstract

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Extensive jugular and upper limb thrombosis in a patient with factor V Leiden mutation and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Cakir M, Gurkan OU, Savas I, Numanoglu N, Ataman S, Ekinci C, Akar N. Source: Aust N Z J Med. 2000 December; 30(6): 735-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11198590&dopt=Abstract

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External beam radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with extranodal stage IA non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Briggs JH, Algan O, Miller TP, Oleson JR. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2002 February; 25(1): 34-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11823692&dopt=Abstract

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Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the maxillofacial region: analysis of 88 consecutive cases. Author(s): Maxymiw WG, Goldstein M, Wood RE. Source: Sadj. 2001 November; 56(11): 524-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11885430&dopt=Abstract

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F-18 FDG positron emission tomography demonstrates resolution of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parotid gland in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome: before and after anti-CD20 antibody rituximab therapy. Author(s): Shih WJ, Ghesani N, Hongming Z, Alavi A, Schusper S, Mozley D. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 February; 27(2): 142-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11786752&dopt=Abstract

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F-18 FDG positron emission tomography in primary breast non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bakheet SM, Bakheet R, Ezzat A, Tulbah A, Durakovic A, Hussain S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 April; 26(4): 299-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11290887&dopt=Abstract

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Factors affecting 131I-Lym-1 pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): DeNardo GL, DeNardo SJ, Shen S, DeNardo DA, Mirick GR, Macey DJ, Lamborn KR. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1999 August; 40(8): 1317-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10450684&dopt=Abstract

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Factors predictive of early death in patients receiving high-dose CHOP (ACVB regimen) for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a GELA study. Author(s): Dumontet C, Mounier N, Munck JN, Bosly A, Morschauser F, Simon D, Marit G, Casasnovas O, Reman O, Molina T, Reyes F, Coiffier B. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 July; 118(1): 210-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12100150&dopt=Abstract

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Factors which predict unsuccessful mobilisation of peripheral blood progenitor cells following G-CSF alone in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Micallef IN, Apostolidis J, Rohatiner AZ, Wiggins C, Crawley CR, Foran JM, Leonhardt M, Bradburn M, Okukenu E, Salam A, Matthews J, Cavenagh JD, Gupta RK, Lister TA. Source: The Hematology Journal : the Official Journal of the European Haematology Association / Eha. 2000; 1(6): 367-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11920216&dopt=Abstract

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False-positive F-18 FDG gamma camera positron emission tomographic imaging resulting from inflammation of an anterior mediastinal mass in a patient with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Yoon SN, Park CH, Kim MK, Hwang KH, Kim S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 May; 26(5): 461-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11317035&dopt=Abstract

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False-positive splenic imaging secondary to cavernous transformation of the portal venous system in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ignatow MJ, Mendelson DS. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2003 February; 28(2): 124-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12544130&dopt=Abstract

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Fas ligand expression in nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mullauer L, Mosberger I, Chott A. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 1998 April; 11(4): 369-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9578088&dopt=Abstract

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Favorable treatment outcome in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with "poor" mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells. Author(s): Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Reddy SA, Horning SF, Blume KG, Chao NF, Hu WW, Johnston LF, Long GD, Strober S, Wong RM, Feiner RH, Kobler S, Negrin RS. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2000; 6(5): 506-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11063379&dopt=Abstract

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Feasibility and efficacy of high-dose etoposide followed by low-dose G-CSF as a mobilization regimen in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ashihara E, Shimazaki C, Okano A, Hatsuse M, Inaba T, Nakagawa M. Source: Haematologica. 2000 October; 85(10): 1112-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11025616&dopt=Abstract

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Feasibility and safety of outpatient Bexxar therapy (tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on radiation doses to family members. Author(s): Rutar FJ, Augustine SC, Kaminski MS, Wahl RL, Siegel JA, Colcher D. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2001 December; 2(3): 164-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11779293&dopt=Abstract

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Feasibility and toxicity of high-dose chemotherapy supported by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in elderly patients (>/=60 years) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: comparison with patients <60 years treated within the same protocol. Author(s): Jantunen E, Mahlamaki E, Nousiainen T. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000 October; 26(7): 737-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11042654&dopt=Abstract

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Feasibility and toxicity of high-dose therapy (HDT) supported by peripheral blood stem cells in elderly patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: survey from a single institution. Author(s): Magagnoli M, Castagna L, Balzarotti M, Sarina B, Timofeeva I, Bertuzzi A, Compasso S, Nozza A, Siracusano L, Santoro A. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 August; 73(4): 267-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12879431&dopt=Abstract

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Feasibility of peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization and harvest to support chemotherapy intensification in elderly patients with poor prognosis: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zallio F, Cuttica A, Caracciolo D, Gavarotti P, Bergui L, Giaretta F, Bondesan P, Tassi V, Gallo E, Pileri A, Tarella C. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 August; 81(8): 448-53. Epub 2002 August 02. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12224002&dopt=Abstract

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Final analysis of the ECOG I-COPA trial (E6484) in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with interferon alfa (IFN-alpha2a) plus an anthracycline-based induction regimen. Author(s): Smalley RV, Weller E, Hawkins MJ, Oken MM, O'Connell MJ, Haase-Statz S, Borden EC. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2001 July; 15(7): 1118-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11455982&dopt=Abstract

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Fine needle aspiration and the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Reid MM. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1998 September; 51(9): 712. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9930083&dopt=Abstract

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Fine needle aspiration cytology in the investigation on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jeffers MD, Milton J, Herriot R, McKean M. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1998 March; 51(3): 189-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9659258&dopt=Abstract

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Fine needle aspiration cytology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of thyroid. Author(s): Babu N, Dey P. Source: Cytopathology : Official Journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology. 2002 June; 13(3): 188. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12060087&dopt=Abstract

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Fine needle aspiration cytology of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the tongue. A case report. Author(s): Dey P, Luthra UK, Sheikh ZA, Mathews SB. Source: Acta Cytol. 1999 May-June; 43(3): 422-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10349372&dopt=Abstract

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Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes: comparison with metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma, and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kollur SM, El Hag IA. Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2003 January; 28(1): 18-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12508177&dopt=Abstract

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First-line and maintenance treatment with rituximab for patients with indolent nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hainsworth JD. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2003 February; 30(1 Suppl 2): 9-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12652459&dopt=Abstract

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FISH analysis with a YAC probe improves detection of LAZ3/BCL6 rearrangement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Roumier C, Galiegue-Zouitina S, Bastard C, Soenen V, Lai JL, Denis C, Buchonnet G, Kerckaert JP, Cosson A, Fenaux P, Preudhomme C. Source: The Hematology Journal : the Official Journal of the European Haematology Association / Eha. 2000; 1(2): 117-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11920179&dopt=Abstract

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Five-year follow-up of a prospective randomised multi-centre trial of weekly chemotherapy (CAPOMEt) versus cyclical chemotherapy (CHOP-Mtx) in the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Central Lymphoma Group. Author(s): Bailey NP, Stuart NS, Bessell EM, Child JA, Norfolk D, Fletcher J, Grieve RJ, Simmons AV, Barnard DL, Jack A, Farish J, Dunn J, Woodroffe CM, Stack C, Cullen MH. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998 June; 9(6): 633-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9681077&dopt=Abstract

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Five-year prognosis after radical prostatectomy in a patient with localized prostate cancer and incidental non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Drinis S, Finkelstein MP, Tortorelis DG, Konno S, Choudhury MS. Source: Urologia Internationalis. 2001; 66(2): 105-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11223753&dopt=Abstract

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FLUDAP: salvage chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Child JA, Johnson SA, Rule S, Smith GM, Morgan GJ, Johnson PW, Prentice AG, Tollerfield SM, Wareham E. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 April; 37(3-4): 309-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10752982&dopt=Abstract

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Fludarabine and cladribine in relapsed/refractory low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase II randomized study. Author(s): Tondini C, Balzarotti M, Rampinelli I, Valagussa P, Luoni M, De Paoli A, Santoro A, Bonadonna G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 February; 11(2): 231-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10761763&dopt=Abstract

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Fludarabine in alkylator-resistant follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Tinmouth A, Zanke B, Imrie KR. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 March; 41(1-2): 137-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11342365&dopt=Abstract

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Fludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide or with cyclophosphamide plus mitoxantrone for relapsed or refractory low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Santini G, Nati S, Spriano M, Gallamini A, Pierluigi D, Congiu AM, Truini M, Rubagotti A, Chisesi T, Vimercati R, Rossi E, Sertoli MR, Mattei D, Marino G, Gobbi M. Source: Haematologica. 2001 March; 86(3): 282-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11255275&dopt=Abstract

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Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (FluCyD) combination is effective in pretreated low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lazzarino M, Orlandi E, Montillo M, Tedeschi A, Pagnucco G, Astori C, Corso A, Brusamolino E, Simoncini L, Morra E, Bernasconi C. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1999 January; 10(1): 59-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10076723&dopt=Abstract

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Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, gallium-67 scintigraphy, and conventional staging for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Wirth A, Seymour JF, Hicks RJ, Ware R, Fisher R, Prince M, MacManus MP, Ryan G, Januszewicz H, Wolf M. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2002 March; 112(4): 262-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11893364&dopt=Abstract

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Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Calvo Villas JM, Morales Umpierrez A, Ramirez Sanchez MJ, Cuesta Tovar J. Source: Clinical Nephrology. 2002 February; 57(2): 173-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11865822&dopt=Abstract

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Focal liver lesions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: investigation of their prevalence, clinical significance and the role of Hepatitis C virus infection. Author(s): Civardi G, Vallisa D, Berte R, Lazzaro A, Moroni CF, Cavanna L. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2002 December; 38(18): 2382-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12460782&dopt=Abstract

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Follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the role of radiation therapy. Author(s): Mauch P. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001; 80 Suppl 3: B63-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11757711&dopt=Abstract

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For which patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is prophylaxis for central nervous system disease mandatory? Dutch HOVON Group. Author(s): Bos GM, van Putten WL, van der Holt B, van den Bent M, Verdonck LF, Hagenbeek A. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998 February; 9(2): 191-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9553665&dopt=Abstract

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Frequency and significance of anemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Moullet I, Salles G, Ketterer N, Dumontet C, Bouafia F, Neidhart-Berard EM, Thieblemont C, Felman P, Coiffier B. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998 October; 9(10): 1109-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9834824&dopt=Abstract

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Frequency of bcl-2 expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a study of 778 cases with comparison of marginal zone lymphoma and monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia. Author(s): Lai R, Arber DA, Chang KL, Wilson CS, Weiss LM. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 1998 September; 11(9): 864-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9758366&dopt=Abstract

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Frequent alteration of MDM2 and p53 in the molecular progression of recurring nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Moller MB, Nielsen O, Pedersen NT. Source: Histopathology. 2002 October; 41(4): 322-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12383214&dopt=Abstract

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Frequent chromosome arm 13q deletion in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Wada M, Okamura T, Okada M, Teramura M, Masuda M, Motoji T, Mizoguchi H. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1999 May; 13(5): 792-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10374885&dopt=Abstract

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Full-dose CHOP chemotherapy combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in elderly patients: a prospective study. Author(s): Niitsu N, Iijima K. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001 October; 80(10): 602-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11732872&dopt=Abstract

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Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to adenovirus following fludarabine-based chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hogan WJ, Edwards WD, Macon WR, Habermann TM. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 September-October; 42(5): 1145-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697635&dopt=Abstract

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Ga-67 accumulation in inguinal hernia mimicking lymph nodes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Berk F, Demir H, Erdincler O, Isgoren S, Aktolun C. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 January; 27(1): 65-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11805495&dopt=Abstract

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Ga-67 imaging in the diagnosis and management of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the larynx. Author(s): Khoury J, Jerushalmi J, Cohen HI, Nasrallah S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 January; 27(1): 63-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11805494&dopt=Abstract

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Ga-67-avid non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from chronic nontuberculous pyothorax. Author(s): Suga K, Ishikawa Y, Motoyama K, Fujimura N, Suda H, Matsunaga N. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 March; 26(3): 247-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11245125&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium scan in the evaluation of post chemotherapy mediastinal residual masses of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ulusakarya A, Lumbroso J, Casiraghi O, Koscielny S, Vantelon JM, Girinsky T, Tardivon A, Bourhis JH, Dartevelle P, Pico JL, Munck JN. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 November; 35(5-6): 579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609795&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium-67 scintigraphy evaluation of therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Gasparini M, Bombardieri E, Castellani M, Tondini C, Maffioli L, Devizzi L, Gerundini P. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 September; 39(9): 1586-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9744348&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium-67 scintigraphy in the management: Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Rehm PK. Source: Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. 1999 August; 14(4): 251-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10850311&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium-67 uptake by cutaneous lesions in a patient with Burkitt-like non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ruiz-Hernandez G, Gutierrez-Garcia A, Garcia-Conde J. Source: Haematologica. 2000 July; 85(7): 772. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10897137&dopt=Abstract

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Gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: analysis of 252 patients from a multicenter study. Author(s): Salvagno L, Soraru M, Busetto M, Puccetti C, Sava C, Endrizzi L, Giusto M, Aversa S, Chiarion Sileni V, Polico R, Bianco A, Rupolo M, Nitti D, Doglioni C, Lise M. Source: Tumori. 1999 March-April; 85(2): 113-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10363077&dopt=Abstract

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Gastrointestinal mucormycosis complicated by arterio-enteric fistula in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mir N, Edmonson R, Yeghen T, Rashid H. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 2000 February; 22(1): 41-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10762303&dopt=Abstract

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Gemcitabine as a single agent in the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Fossa A, Santoro A, Hiddemann W, Truemper L, Niederle N, Buksmaui S, Bonadonna G, Seeber S, Nowrousian MR. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 December; 17(12): 3786-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10577850&dopt=Abstract

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Gemcitabine as a single agent in the treatment of relapsed or refractory low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Dumontet C, Morschhauser F, Solal-Celigny P, Bouafia F, Bourgeois E, Thieblemont C, Leleu X, Hequet O, Salles G, Coiffier B. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 June; 113(3): 772-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11380469&dopt=Abstract

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Gemcitabine, cisplatin and methylprednisolone chemotherapy (GEM-P) is an effective regimen in patients with poor prognostic primary progressive or multiply relapsed Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Chau I, Harries M, Cunningham D, Hill M, Ross PJ, Archer CD, Norman AR, Wotherspoon A, Koh DM, Gill K, Uzzell M, Prior Y, Catovsky D. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 March; 120(6): 970-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12648066&dopt=Abstract

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Genetic polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor locus influence non-Hodgkin's lymphoma outcome. Author(s): Warzocha K, Ribeiro P, Bienvenu J, Roy P, Charlot C, Rigal D, Coiffier B, Salles G. Source: Blood. 1998 May 15; 91(10): 3574-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9572991&dopt=Abstract

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Graft-versus-host-like mucocutaneous eruptions with serological features of paraneoplastic pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mahler V, Antoni C, Anhalt GJ, Koch HJ, Peters KP, Manger B, Kalden JR, Hornstein OP. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1998; 197(1): 78-83. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9693195&dopt=Abstract

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in induction treatment of children with nonHodgkin's lymphoma: a randomized study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology. Author(s): Patte C, Laplanche A, Bertozzi AI, Baruchel A, Frappaz D, Schmitt C, Mechinaud F, Nelken B, Boutard P, Michon J. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 January 15; 20(2): 441-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11786572&dopt=Abstract

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized whole blood containing over 0.3 x 106/kg CD34+ cells is a sufficient graft in autologous transplantation for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jonkhoff AR, De Kreuk AM, Franschman G, Van Der Lelie J, Schuurhuis GJ, Drager AM, Zweegman S, Huijgens PC, Ossenkoppele GJ. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 July; 118(1): 90-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12100131&dopt=Abstract

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Granuloma annulare-like infiltrates with concomitant cutaneous involvement by Bcell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: report of a case. Author(s): Fullen DR, Jacobson SN, Valdez R, Novice FM, Lowe L. Source: The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 2003 February; 25(1): 57-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12544102&dopt=Abstract

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Guillain-Barre syndrome in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Re D, Schwenk A, Hegener P, Bamborschke S, Diehl V, Tesch H. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 February; 11(2): 217-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10761759&dopt=Abstract

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Health physics consequences of out-patient treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 131I-radiolabeled anti-B1 antibody. Author(s): Ryan MT, Spicer KM, Frei-Lahr D, Samei E, Frey GD, Hargrove H, Bloodworth G. Source: Health Physics. 2000 November; 79(5 Suppl): S52-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11045510&dopt=Abstract

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Holmberg LA, Stewart FM. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 2003 May; 17(5): 627-32, 635, 640; Discussion 640-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12800792&dopt=Abstract

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Hemichorea as a presentation of recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Sheen VL, Asimakopoulos F, Heyman E, Henderson G, Feske SK. Source: Journal of Neurology. 2002 December; 249(12): 1746-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12529805&dopt=Abstract

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Henoch-Schonlein nephritis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Day C, Savage CO, Jones EL, Cockwell P. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2001 May; 16(5): 1080-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11328928&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatitis B virus infection and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a hepatitis B endemic area: a case-control study. Author(s): Kim JH, Bang YJ, Park BJ, Yoo T, Kim CW, Kim TY, Heo DS, Lee HS, Kim NK. Source: Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann. 2002 May; 93(5): 471-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12036441&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatitis C infection and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zuckerman E. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2002 December; 3(3): 161-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521392&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatitis C virus in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A reappraisal after a prospective casecontrol study of 300 patients. Lombart Study Group of HCV-Lymphoma. Author(s): Pioltelli P, Gargantini L, Cassi E, Santoleri L, Bellati G, Magliano EM, Morra E. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2000 June; 64(2): 95-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10814987&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with Sjogren's syndrome and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: comment on the article by Voulgarelis et al. Author(s): Drucker Y. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000 May; 43(5): 1187. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10817577&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatitis C Virus infection in Saudi Arab patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Harakati MS, Abualkhair OA, Al-Knawy BA. Source: Saudi Med J. 2000 August; 21(8): 755-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11423889&dopt=Abstract

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Herpes zoster infection and Ogilvie's syndrome in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with hypogammaglobulinemia. Author(s): Giunta R, Marfella MA, Maffei A, Lucivero G. Source: Ann Ital Med Int. 2001 January-March; 16(1): 50-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11688352&dopt=Abstract

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HHV8-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the spermatic cord in a patient with HIVassociated multicentric Castleman disease. Author(s): Boulanger E, Briere J, Gaulard P, Droz D, Oksenhendler E. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 January; 72(1): 70-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12508272&dopt=Abstract

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High circulating tumor necrosis factor levels correlate with increased evels of soluble CD14 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Baseggio L, Charlot C, Picollet J, Bienvenu J, Salles G. Source: Haematologica. 2001 July; 86(7): 774-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11454540&dopt=Abstract

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High dose cyclophosphamide plus recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in the treatment of follicular, low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: CALGB 9150. Author(s): Lichtman SM, Petroni G, Schilsky RL, Johnson JL, Perri RT, Niedzwiecki D, Sklar J, Barcos M, Peterson BA. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 November-December; 42(6): 1255-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11911406&dopt=Abstract

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High dose of idarubicin-based regimen for diffuse large cell AIDS-related nonHodgkin's lymphoma patients: a pilot study. Author(s): Gastaldi R, Martino P, Gentile G, Cafolla A, Cordone I, Giannini G, Torromeo C, Palmisano L, Picardi V, Andreotti M, Avvisati G, Mandelli F. Source: Haematologica. 2001 October; 86(10): 1051-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11602411&dopt=Abstract

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High expression of MCL1 gene related to vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with poor outcome in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kuramoto K, Sakai A, Shigemasa K, Takimoto Y, Asaoku H, Tsujimoto T, Oda K, Kimura A, Uesaka T, Watanabe H, Katoh O. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 January; 116(1): 158-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11841410&dopt=Abstract

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High prevalence of HCV infection in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: comparison with birth cohort- and sex-matched blood donors in a Japanese population. Author(s): Imai Y, Ohsawa M, Tanaka H, Tamura S, Sugawara H, Kuyama J, Fukuda K, Yonezawa T, Matsuzawa Y, Matszawa Y. Source: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2002 April; 35(4): 974-6. Erratum In: Hepatology 2002 August; 36(2): 519. Hepatology. 2003 March; 37(3): 719. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11915049&dopt=Abstract

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High serum hepatocyte growth factor level in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hsiao LT, Lin JT, Yu IT, Chiou TJ, Liu JH, Yen CC, Wang WS, Chen PM. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2003 May; 70(5): 282-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12694163&dopt=Abstract

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High serum soluble CD44 is correlated with a poor outcome of aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Niitsu N, Iijima K. Source: Leukemia Research. 2002 March; 26(3): 241-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11792412&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose chemotherapy with tandem autologous transplantation as part of the initial therapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ballestrero A, Clavio M, Ferrando F, Gonella R, Garuti A, Sessarego M, Ghio R, Gobbi M, Patrone F. Source: International Journal of Oncology. 2000 November; 17(5): 1007-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11029505&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose chlorambucil for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lowgrade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Summerfield GP, Taylor PR, Mounter PJ, Proctor SJ. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 March; 116(4): 781-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11886381&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose cytosine-arabinoside and cisplatin regimens as salvage therapy for refractory or relapsed AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bi J, Espina BM, Tulpule A, Boswell W, Levine AM. Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 2001 December 15; 28(5): 416-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11744828&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose ifosfamide in combination with etoposide and epirubicin (IVE) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report on toxicity and efficacy. Author(s): Proctor SJ, Taylor PR, Angus B, Wood K, Lennard AL, Lucraft H, Carey PJ, Stark A, Iqbal A, Haynes A, Russel N, Leonard RC, Culligan D, Conn J, Jackson GH. Source: European Journal of Haematology. Supplementum. 2001 July; (64): 28-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11486397&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose infusional ifosfamide, etoposide plus methylprednisolone followed by dexamethasone, high-dose ara-C and cisplatinum and autologous stem cell transplantation for refractory or relapsed aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Salar A, Martino R, Perea G, Ribera JM, Lopez-Guillermo A, Guardia R, Escoda L, Altes A, Sierra J, Montserrat E. Source: Haematologica. 2002 October; 87(10): 1028-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12368156&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose intensity cyclophosphamide, epidoxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone by shortened intervals and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase II study. Author(s): Pronzato P, Lionetto R, Botto F, Pensa F, Tognoni A. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1998 September; 78(6): 777-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9743300&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose methotrexate for isolated central nervous system relapse in patients with testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Batchelor T, Leahy N, Kaufman D. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2001 September; 2(2): 116-9; Discussion 120-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11707852&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy for high-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term analysis and future developments. Author(s): Tarella C, Cuttica A, Caracciolo D, Zallio F, Ricca I, Bergui L, Gavarotti P, Marinone C, Pagano M, Rossi G, de Crescenzo A, Salomone A, Ladetto M, Boccadoro M, Pileri A. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001; 80 Suppl 3: B123-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11757693&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell support for chemosensitive transformed low-grade follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-matched study from the European Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Author(s): Williams CD, Harrison CN, Lister TA, Norton AJ, Blystad AK, Coiffier B, Taghipour G, Schmitz N, Goldstone AH; European Bone Marrow Transplant Lymphoma Working Party. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 February 1; 19(3): 727-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11157024&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose therapy in lymphomas: a review of the current status of allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mink SA, Armitage JO. Source: The Oncologist. 2001; 6(3): 247-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11423671&dopt=Abstract

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Higher LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Baseggio L, Bienvenu J, Charlot C, Picollet J, Felman P, Coiffier B, Salles G. Source: Experimental Hematology. 2001 March; 29(3): 330-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11274761&dopt=Abstract

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History of antibiotic use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Author(s): Kato I, Koenig KL, Baptiste MS, Lillquist PP, Frizzera G, Burke JS, Watanabe H, Shore RE. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 October 20; 107(1): 99-105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12925963&dopt=Abstract

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HIV-associated primary cervical non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and two other cases of primary pelvic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Pham DC, Guthrie TH, Ndubisi B. Source: Gynecologic Oncology. 2003 July; 90(1): 204-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12821366&dopt=Abstract

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HLA class II alleles in Japanese patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Nathalang O, Tatsumi N, Hino M, Yamane T, Sriphaisal T. Source: Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000 September; 31(3): 556-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11289020&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck. Author(s): Urquhart A, Berg R. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2001 September; 111(9): 1565-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11568605&dopt=Abstract

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Host ethnicity influences non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtype frequency and EpsteinBarr virus association rate: the experience of a multi-ethnic patient population in Malaysia. Author(s): Peh SC. Source: Histopathology. 2001 May; 38(5): 458-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11422484&dopt=Abstract

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Human retrovirus type 5 sequences in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of T cell origin. Author(s): Kozireva S, Lejniece S, Blomberg J, Murovska M. Source: Aids Research and Human Retroviruses. 2001 July 1; 17(10): 953-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11461680&dopt=Abstract

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Hypopyon uveitis and iris nodules in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: ocular relapse during systemic remission. Author(s): Verity DH, Graham EM, Carr R, van der Walt JD, Stanford MR. Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2000; 12(5): 292-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11315712&dopt=Abstract

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Identification of common germinal-center B-cell precursors in two patients with both Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Brauninger A, Hansmann ML, Strickler JG, Dummer R, Burg G, Rajewsky K, Kuppers R. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 April 22; 340(16): 1239-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10210707&dopt=Abstract

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Ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (ICE)-based second-line chemotherapy for the management of relapsed and refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zelenetz AD, Hamlin P, Kewalramani T, Yahalom J, Nimer S, Moskowitz CH. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I5-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736224&dopt=Abstract

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Ifosfamide, epirubicin and etoposide (IEV) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: the Italian experience. Author(s): Zinzani PL. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I43-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736231&dopt=Abstract

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Immune dysfunction despite high levels of immunoregulatory cytokine gene expression in autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplanted non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Singh RK, Varney ML, Ino K, Vose JM, Bierman PJ, Talmadge JE. Source: Experimental Hematology. 2000 May; 28(5): 499-507. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10812239&dopt=Abstract

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Immunochemotherapy in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Czuczman MS. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2002 April; 29(2 Suppl 6): 11-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12040529&dopt=Abstract

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Immunochemotherapy: the new standard in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. Author(s): Coiffier B. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2003 February; 30(1 Suppl 2): 21-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12652461&dopt=Abstract

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Impact of age and colony-stimulating factor use on hospital length of stay for febrile neutropenia in CHOP-treated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Chrischilles E, Delgado DJ, Stolshek BS, Lawless G, Fridman M, Carter WB. Source: Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center. 2002 May-June; 9(3): 20311. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12060818&dopt=Abstract

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Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients with systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Baiocchi OC, Colleoni GW, Navajas EV, Duarte LC, Alves AC, Andrade AL, Kerbauy J, Oliveira JS. Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 2002; 41(2): 192-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12102166&dopt=Abstract

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In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of idarubicin in human tumour cells from patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Aleskog A, Jonsson E, Larsson R, Nygren P, Kristensen J, Sundstrom C, Hoglund M. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 June; 117(3): 563-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12028023&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence and nature of CD20-negative relapses following rituximab therapy in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a retrospective review. Author(s): Kennedy GA, Tey SK, Cobcroft R, Marlton P, Cull G, Grimmett K, Thomson D, Gill D. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 November; 119(2): 412-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12406079&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence and prognostic significance of hypercalcaemia in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Majumdar G. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2002 August; 55(8): 637-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12147666&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence, medical resource utilisation and costs of hyperuricemia and tumour lysis syndrome in patients with acute leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in four European countries. Author(s): Annemans L, Moeremans K, Lamotte M, Garcia Conde J, van den Berg H, Myint H, Pieters R, Uyttebroeck A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 January; 44(1): 77-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12691145&dopt=Abstract

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Incidental detection of primary breast carcinoma with a modified coincident camera in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and melanoma. Author(s): Pohland ML, Joyce JM, Myers DT, Petursson SR. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 November; 27(11): 825-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12394143&dopt=Abstract

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Increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Canada, 1970-1996: age-periodcohort analysis. Author(s): Liu S, Semenciw R, Mao Y. Source: Hematological Oncology. 2003 June; 21(2): 57-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802810&dopt=Abstract

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Increasing treatment options in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Solal-Celigny P. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2002 April; 29(2 Suppl 6): 2-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12040527&dopt=Abstract

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Inefficacy of rituximab in a case of low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with cryoglobulinemia. Author(s): Baronciani D, Angelucci E, Gaziev J, Visani G. Source: Haematologica. 2002 July; 87(7): Elt33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12091148&dopt=Abstract

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Inhibition of constitutive STAT3 activity sensitizes resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma to chemotherapeutic drug-mediated apoptosis. Author(s): Alas S, Bonavida B. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2003 January; 9(1): 316-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12538484&dopt=Abstract

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Intakes of fruits, vegetables, and related nutrients and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women. Author(s): Zhang SM, Hunter DJ, Rosner BA, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2000 May; 9(5): 477-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10815692&dopt=Abstract

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Integrative assessment of multiple pesticides as risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men. Author(s): De Roos AJ, Zahm SH, Cantor KP, Weisenburger DD, Holmes FF, Burmeister LF, Blair A. Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2003 September; 60(9): E11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12937207&dopt=Abstract

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Intensified induction followed by high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell support in poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a pilot study. Author(s): Choi SJ, Ryoo BY, Lee SS, Park Y, Kim BS, Kang YK. Source: Haematologica. 2002 May; 87(5): 555-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12010675&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive chemotherapy with hematopoietic cell transplantation after ESHAP therapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results of a single-centre study of 65 patients. Author(s): Soussain C, Souleau B, Gabarre J, Zouabi H, Sutton L, Boccaccio C, Albin N, Charlotte F, Merle-Beral H, Delort J, Binet JL, Leblond V. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 May; 33(5-6): 543-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10342581&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive chemotherapy with rituximab is safe and effective in AIDS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Rey J, Charbonnier A, Schiano de Colella JM, Stoppa AM, Poizot-Martin I, Gastaut JA, Costello RT. Source: Aids (London, England). 2003 September 5; 17(13): 2006-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12960844&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive sequential chemotherapy (ISC 95) with growth factors and blood stem cell support in high-intermediate and high-risk (IPI 2 and IPI 3) aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma: an oligocentric report on 42 patients. Author(s): Bouabdallah R, Stoppa AM, Rossi JF, Lepeu G, Coso D, Xerri L, Ladaique P, Chabannon C, Blaise D, Bardou VJ, Alzieu C, Gastaut JA, Maraninchi D. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1999 June; 13(6): 950-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10360385&dopt=Abstract

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Intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a multicenter prospective clinical study from the German Study Group on Intestinal non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Author(s): Daum S, Ullrich R, Heise W, Dederke B, Foss HD, Stein H, Thiel E, Zeitz M, Riecken EO. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 July 15; 21(14): 2740-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12860953&dopt=Abstract

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Intraperitoneal rituximab: an effective measure to control recurrent abdominal ascites due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ng T, Pagliuca A, Mufti GJ. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 July; 81(7): 405-6. Epub 2002 June 27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12185515&dopt=Abstract

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Iron-oxide-enhanced MR imaging of bone marrow in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: differentiation between tumor infiltration and hypercellular bone marrow. Author(s): Daldrup-Link HE, Rummeny EJ, Ihssen B, Kienast J, Link TM. Source: European Radiology. 2002 June; 12(6): 1557-66. Epub 2002 February 05. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12042968&dopt=Abstract

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Is high-dose radioimmunotherapy needed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Against. Author(s): von Schilling C. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 September; 29(9): 1254-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12418478&dopt=Abstract

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Is high-dose radioimmunotherapy needed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? For. Author(s): Behr TM. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 September; 29(9): 1248-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12418465&dopt=Abstract

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Is there a role for reduced-intensity haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Author(s): Ho AY, Pagliuca A. Source: Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2002 December; 7(6): 345-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12475739&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the spleen: CT findings in an AIDS patient treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Author(s): Stasolla A, Kharrub Z, Colaiacomo MC, Cirelli G, Cirelli A, Marini M. Source: Radiol Med (Torino). 2002 July-August; 104(1-2): 111-4. English, Italian. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12386565&dopt=Abstract

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Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence trends in AIDS Clinical Trial Group study participants. Author(s): Rabkin CS, Testa MA, Huang J, Von Roenn JH. Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 1999 August 1; 21 Suppl 1: S31-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10430216&dopt=Abstract

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Kidney involvement and renal manifestations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study in 700 patients. Author(s): Da'as N, Polliack A, Cohen Y, Amir G, Darmon D, Kleinman Y, Goldfarb AW, Ben-Yehuda D. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2001 September; 67(3): 158-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11737248&dopt=Abstract

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Lactic Acidosis in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and response to Chemotherapy. Author(s): Osorio S, Bernis C, de La Camara R. Source: Haematologica. 2002 February; 87(2): Elt05. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11836182&dopt=Abstract

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Lamivudine for the treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation following chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Liao CA, Lee CM, Wu HC, Wang MC, Lu SN, Eng HL. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 January; 116(1): 166-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11841412&dopt=Abstract

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Leptomeningeal disease in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Sarker D, Thirlwell C, Nelson M, Gazzard B, Bower M. Source: Aids (London, England). 2003 April 11; 17(6): 861-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12660533&dopt=Abstract

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Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children of male Sellafield radiation workers. Author(s): Dickinson HO, Parker L. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2002 May 20; 99(3): 437-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11992415&dopt=Abstract

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Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children of Sellafield male radiation workers. Author(s): Dickinson HO, Parker L. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2002 September 1; 101(1): 100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12209595&dopt=Abstract

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Leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood and exposure to pesticides: results of a register-based case-control study in Germany. Author(s): Meinert R, Schuz J, Kaletsch U, Kaatsch P, Michaelis J. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 April 1; 151(7): 639-46; Discussion 64750. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10752791&dopt=Abstract

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Limited efficacy of intensified preparative regimens and autologous transplantation as salvage therapy in high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Stein RS, Greer JP, Goodman S, Brandt SJ, Morgan DS, Macon WR, McCurley TL, Wolff SN. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 February; 40(5-6): 521-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426525&dopt=Abstract

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Liposomal daunorubicin in the treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Tulpule A, Rarick MU, Kolitz J, Bernstein J, Myers A, Buchanan LA, Espina BM, Traynor A, Letzer J, Justice GR, McDonald D, Roberts L, Boswell W, Nathwani B, Levine AM. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2001 April; 12(4): 457-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11398876&dopt=Abstract

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Localised extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract: Sheffield Lymphoma Group experience (1989-1998). Author(s): Koh PK, Horsman JM, Radstone CR, Hancock H, Goepel JR, Hancock BW. Source: International Journal of Oncology. 2001 April; 18(4): 743-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11251169&dopt=Abstract

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Localization in situ of costimulatory molecules and cytokines in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vyth-Dreese FA, Boot H, Dellemijn TA, Majoor DM, Oomen LC, Laman JD, Van Meurs M, De Weger RA, De Jong D. Source: Immunology. 1998 August; 94(4): 580-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9767448&dopt=Abstract

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Localized aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasal cavity: a survey by the Japan Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Group. Author(s): Shikama N, Ikeda H, Nakamura S, Oguchi M, Isobe K, Hirota S, Hasegawa M, Nakamura K, Sasai K, Hayabuchi N. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2001 December 1; 51(5): 1228-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11728681&dopt=Abstract

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Localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring: clinical features, management, and prognosis of 130 adult patients. Author(s): Ezzat AA, Ibrahim EM, El Weshi AN, Khafaga YM, AlJurf M, Martin JM, Ajarim DS, Bazarbashi SN, Stuart RK, Zucca E. Source: Head & Neck. 2001 July; 23(7): 547-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11400243&dopt=Abstract

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Localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with B-cell histology: cure without cyclophosphamide? A report of the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group on studies NHL 8501 and NHL 9001 (1985-1996). Author(s): Amos Burke GA, Imeson J, Hobson R, Gerrard M. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 May; 121(4): 586-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12752099&dopt=Abstract

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Localized stage I-IE aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): results of prospective study with multimodality therapeutic approach. Author(s): De Sanctis V, Martelli M, Anticoli AP, Caronna R, Chirletti P, Giovannini M, Santarelli M, Enrici RM, Mandelli F. Source: Anticancer Res. 2001 November-December; 21(6A): 4169-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11911313&dopt=Abstract

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Long lasting myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Joao M, Silva N, Lucas M, Sousa A, Corujo C, Alves Do Carmo J, Victorino RM. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2002 February; 68(2): 122-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11982620&dopt=Abstract

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Long-standing resolution of anemia in symptomatic low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin as sole therapy. Author(s): Samuelsson J. Source: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2002; 19(1): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12025893&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term administration of oral low-dose topoisomerase II inhibitors, MST-16 and VP-16, for refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Okamoto T, Nishimura Y, Yamada S, Yamada S, Itoh T, Mori A, Saheki K, Okada M, Takatsuka H, Wada H, Tamura A, Fujimori Y, Kakishita E. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2000; 104(2-3): 128-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11154989&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term clinical and molecular remission after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients with poor prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mitterbauer M, Neumeister P, Kalhs P, Brugger S, Fischer G, Dieckmann K, Hoecker P, Hinterberger W, Linkesch W, Simonitsch I, Jaeger U, Lechner K, Mannhalter C, Mitterbauer G, Greinix HT. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2001 April; 15(4): 635-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11368367&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up of a prospective study of combined modality therapy for stage III indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Seymour JF, Pro B, Fuller LM, Manning JT, Hagemeister FB, Romaguera J, Rodriguez MA, Ha CS, Smith TL, Ayala A, Hess M, Cox JD, Cabanillas F, McLaughlin P. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 June 1; 21(11): 2115-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12775737&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up of short intensive multiagent chemotherapy without high-dose methotrexate ('Orange') in children with advanced non-lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a children's cancer group report. Author(s): Cairo MS, Krailo MD, Morse M, Hutchinson RJ, Harris RE, Kjeldsberg CR, Kadin ME, Radel E, Steinherz LJ, Morris E, Finlay JL, Meadows AT. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2002 April; 16(4): 594-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11960338&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term results favor allogeneic over autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory or recurrent indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hosing C, Saliba RM, McLaughlin P, Andersson B, Rodriguez MA, Fayad L, Cabanillas F, Champlin RE, Khouri IF. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 May; 14(5): 737-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12702528&dopt=Abstract

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Loss of chromosome 11q21-23.1 and 17p and gain of chromosome 6p are independent prognostic indicators in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Stokke T, DeAngelis P, Smedshammer L, Galteland E, Steen HB, Smeland EB, Delabie J, Holte H. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2001 December 14; 85(12): 1900-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11747333&dopt=Abstract

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Low frequency of BCL10 gene mutations in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Tadokoro J, Nakamura Y, Furusawa S, Mitani K. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2001 February; 73(2): 222-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11372735&dopt=Abstract

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Low frequency of bcl-2 rearrangement in HCV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma tissue. Author(s): Libra M, De Re V, De Vita S, Gasparotto D, Gloghini A, Rupolo M, Degan M, Marzotto A, Stivala F, Carbone A, Boiocchi M. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2003 July; 17(7): 1433-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12835744&dopt=Abstract

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Low prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients from a population with a high prevalence of healthy hepatitis c virus carriers. Author(s): Panovska I, Georgievski B, Stojanovic A, Cevreska L, Efremov DG. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2000 April; 109(1): 249-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10848806&dopt=Abstract

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Low-dose epirubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide, vinblastine and prednisone (mini-CEOP) for the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in elderly patients. Author(s): Veneri D, Zanetti F, Franchini M, Krampera M, Pizzolo G. Source: Haematologica. 2002 November; 87(11): Elt43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12414364&dopt=Abstract

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Low-dose gemcitabine plus cisplatin in previously treated, relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Wong SF, Lindgren T, Hsu D, Tran G. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 August; 73(4): 298. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12879441&dopt=Abstract

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Low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Author(s): Robak T, Robak E, Bartkowiak J, Blonski JZ, Niewiadomska H, Wawrzyniak E. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 May; 41(5-6): 659-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11378584&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphocyte subsets and viral load in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy. Author(s): De Paoli P, Vaccher E, Tedeschi R, Caffau C, Zanussi S, Bortolin MT, Crepaldi C, Spina M, Tirelli U. Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : Cii. 2001 May; 50(3): 157-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11419183&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphoid blastic crisis in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia following high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma A case report and review of literature. Author(s): Mele L, Pagano L, Equitani F, Chiusolo P, Rossi E, Zini G, Teofili L, Leone G. Source: Haematologica. 2000 May; 85(5): 544-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10800174&dopt=Abstract

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MACOP-B regimen followed by involved-field radiation therapy in early-stage aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: 14-year update results. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Stefoni V, Tani M, Barbieri E, Albertini P, Vigna E, Gherlinzoni F, Alinari L, Galuppi A, Pileri S, Babini L, Tura S. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 September-October; 42(5): 989-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697654&dopt=Abstract

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of cancer-practicalities of multi-centre trials and early results in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Griffiths JR, Tate AR, Howe FA, Stubbs M; Group on MRS Application to Cancer. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2002 November; 38(16): 2085-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12387834&dopt=Abstract

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Malignant intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from the surgical point of view. Author(s): Samel S, Wagner J, Hofheinz R, Sturm J, Post S. Source: Onkologie. 2002 June; 25(3): 268-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12119462&dopt=Abstract

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Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking a benign parotid tumor: sonographic findings. Author(s): Eichhorn KW, Arapakis I, Ridder GJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 2002 January; 30(1): 42-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11807854&dopt=Abstract

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Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of childhood and adolescence in Austria-therapy results between 1986 and 2000. Author(s): Attarbaschi A, Mann G, Dworzak M, Trebo M, Urban C, Fink FM, Horcher E, Reiter A, Riehm H, Gadner H; Austrian Cooperative Study Group. Source: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2002 December 30; 114(23-24): 978-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12635465&dopt=Abstract

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Maxillary sinus non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with orbital and intraocular involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Author(s): Curi AL, Ferreira TC, Saddy JC, Salgado R, Pavesio C. Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2001 April; 85(4): 501-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11302133&dopt=Abstract

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Mediators of inflammation correlate with microalbuminuria in patients with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Pedersen LM, Sorensen PG. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 April; 121(2): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12694249&dopt=Abstract

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Megakaryocytes emperipolesis in bone marrow of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Dzieciol J, Lemancewicz D, Kloczko J, Boguslowicz W, Lebelt A. Source: Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2001; 39 Suppl 2: 142-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11820577&dopt=Abstract

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Meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of interferon-alpha in patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Allen IE, Ross SD, Borden SP, Monroe MW, Kupelnick B, Connelly JE, Ozer H. Source: Journal of Immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997). 2001 January-February; 24(1): 58-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11211149&dopt=Abstract

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Metabolism of chylomicron-like emulsions in patients with Hodgkin's and with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Goncalves RP, Hungria VT, Chiattone CS, Pozzi DB, Maranhao RC. Source: Leukemia Research. 2003 February; 27(2): 147-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12526920&dopt=Abstract

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Methionine synthase genetic polymorphism MS A2756G alters susceptibility to follicular but not diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Author(s): Lincz LF, Scorgie FE, Kerridge I, Potts R, Spencer A, Enno A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 March; 120(6): 1051-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12648076&dopt=Abstract

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Microscopic polyangiitis associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Garcia Pares D, Valles M, Bronsoms J, Torguet P, Mate G, Mauri JM, Ortiz R, Bernardo U. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 1999 April; 14(4): 1038-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10328508&dopt=Abstract

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Mitoxantrone and fludarabine in the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma failing primary therapy with a doxorubicinor mitoxantrone-containing regimen. Author(s): Gregory SA, Vose J, Modiano M, Kraemer K, Rifkin R, Rubin A, Menduni T, Ghalie R. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 January; 40(3-4): 315-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426553&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilization of dendritic cells and NK cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with different growth factors. Author(s): Gazitt Y, Shaughnessy P, Devore P. Source: Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research. 2001 February; 10(1): 177-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11276371&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells with high-dose cyclophosphamide or the DHAP regimen plus G-CSF in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Pavone V, Gaudio F, Guarini A, Perrone T, Zonno A, Curci P, Liso V. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002 February; 29(4): 285-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11896424&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilized human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells enhance tumor growth in a nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mouse model of human nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): de Bont ES, Guikema JE, Scherpen F, Meeuwsen T, Kamps WA, Vellenga E, Bos NA. Source: Cancer Research. 2001 October 15; 61(20): 7654-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11606408&dopt=Abstract

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Modified ESHAP as salvage chemotherapy for recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a single-center study of 32 patients. Modified etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine and cisplatin. Author(s): Ozturk MA, Barista I, Altundag MK, Turker A, Yalcin S, Celik I, Gullu I, Guler N, Ozisik Y, Kars A, Kansu E, Baltali E, Tekuzman G. Source: Chemotherapy. 2002 December; 48(5): 252-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12476042&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular analysis of patients with relapsed or refractory intermediate-high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with bone marrow infiltration undergoing peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Author(s): Miglino M, Santini G, Grasso R, Pietrasanta D, Clavio M, Pierri I, Canepa L, Nati S, Ballerini F, Varaldo R, Palmisano G, Gobbi M. Source: Haematologica. 2001 July; 86(7): 706-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11454525&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular diagnostic approach to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Arber DA. Source: The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics : Jmd. 2000 November; 2(4): 178-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11232108&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular diagnostics in follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a review. Author(s): Bordeleau L, Berinstein NL. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2000 December; 27(6 Suppl 12): 42-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11226000&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular remission and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Darby AJ, Johnson PW. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. 2002 September; 15(3): 549-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468405&dopt=Abstract

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Monoclonal antibodies conjugated with radioisotopes for the treatment of NonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bush S. Source: Semin Oncol Nurs. 2002 February; 18(1 Suppl 1): 16-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11878047&dopt=Abstract

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Monoclonal antibodies: a new era in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Grillo-Lopez AJ, Dallaire BK, McClure A, Weaver R, Varns C, Wei A, Allen R, Lee D, Shen D, Leonard J, Multani P, White CA. Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2001 December; 2(4): 301-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762412&dopt=Abstract

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Monoclonal antibody therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the Rituximab story. Author(s): Saleh M. Source: J Med Assoc Ga. 2003 Winter-Spring; 92(1): 39-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743905&dopt=Abstract

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Monoclonal antibody therapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Aksentijevich I, Flinn IW. Source: Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center. 2002 March-April; 9(2): 99-105. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12008655&dopt=Abstract

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MRI of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the palatine tonsil. Author(s): King AD, Lei KI, Ahuja AT. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2001 March; 74(879): 226-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11338097&dopt=Abstract

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Multicentric Castleman's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma: a rare simultaneous occurrence. Author(s): Sukpanichnant S, Sivayathorn A, Visudhiphan S, Ngowthammatas W. Source: Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2002 June; 20(2): 127-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12403198&dopt=Abstract

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Multiple extranodal sites at presentation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Singh D, Sharma A, Mohanti BK, Thulkar S, Bahadur S, Sharma SC, Gupta SD. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 September; 74(1): 75-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12949896&dopt=Abstract

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Mutation of bcl-x gene in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Yamaguchi H, Inokuchi K, Tarusawa M, Dan K. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2002 January; 69(1): 74-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11835337&dopt=Abstract

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Mutations of p53, c-kit, K-ras, and beta-catenin gene in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of adrenal gland. Author(s): Nakatsuka S, Hongyo T, Syaifudin M, Nomura T, Shingu N, Aozasa K. Source: Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann. 2002 March; 93(3): 267-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11927008&dopt=Abstract

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NCCN: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zelenetz AD, Hoppe RT; NCCN Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Practice Guidelines Panel. Source: Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center. 2001 NovemberDecember; 8(6 Suppl 2): 102-13. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11760551&dopt=Abstract

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Neutropenic infections in 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose BEAM chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: out-patient treatment is a viable option. Author(s): Seropian S, Nadkarni R, Jillella AP, Salloum E, Burtness B, Hu GL, Zelterman D, Cooper DL. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1999 March; 23(6): 599-605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10217191&dopt=Abstract

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Nitrate in community water supplies and incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Sardinia, Italy. Author(s): Cocco P, Broccia G, Aru G, Casula P, Muntoni S, Cantor KP, Ward MH. Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2003 July; 57(7): 510-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12821696&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma & primary biliary cirrhosis with Sjogren's syndrome. Author(s): Hahn JS, Kim C, Min YH, Ko YW, Suh CO, Park YY. Source: Yonsei Medical Journal. 2001 April; 42(2): 258-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11371117&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma affecting the testis: is it curable with doxorubicin-based therapy? Author(s): Visco C, Medeiros LJ, Mesina OM, Rodriguez MA, Hagemeister FB, McLaughlin P, Romaguera JE, Cabanillas F, Sarris AH. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2001 June; 2(1): 40-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11707869&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among electric utility workers in Ontario: the evaluation of alternate indices of exposure to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Author(s): Villeneuve PJ, Agnew DA, Miller AB, Corey PN. Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2000 April; 57(4): 249-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10810111&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to benzene in a multinational cohort of more than 308,000 petroleum workers, 1937 to 1996. Author(s): Wong O, Raabe GK. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2000 May; 42(5): 554-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10824308&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and specific pesticide exposures in men: cross-Canada study of pesticides and health. Author(s): McDuffie HH, Pahwa P, McLaughlin JR, Spinelli JJ, Fincham S, Dosman JA, Robson D, Skinnider LF, Choi NW. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2001 November; 10(11): 1155-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11700263&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as an unexpected diagnosis in a hip arthroplasty. Author(s): Vadivelu R, Kar N, Margetts MJ, Abdul-Cader AH. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 2002 December; 122(9-10): 532-4. Epub 2002 July 06. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12483337&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma causing a symmetrical renal defect with the rim sign on bone scan. Author(s): Choong KK. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 July; 27(7): 520-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12072782&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developing in a pacemaker pocket. Author(s): Hojo N, Yakushijin Y, Narumi H, Minamoto Y, Sakai I, Takada K, Hato T, Yasukawa M, Fujita S. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2003 May; 77(4): 387-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12774929&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. Author(s): Mahmoudi M, Condolucci D, Freed N. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2001 March; 101(3): 179-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11329814&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with refractory dermatomyositis which had been treated with infliximab. Author(s): Roddy E, Courtney PA, Morris A. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2002 October; 41(10): 1194-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12364644&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in older people: age is not always an adverse prognostic factor. Author(s): Huerta AS, Gomez-Codina J, Pastor M, Girones R, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Diaz R. Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2002 November; 50(11): 1911-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12410921&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients 70 years of age or older: factors associated with survival. Author(s): Cuttner J, Wallenstein S, Troy K. Source: Leukemia Research. 2002 May; 26(5): 447-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11916517&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Author(s): Papadaki HA, Xylouri I, Katrinakis G, Foudoulakis A, Kritikos HD, Stathopoulos EN, Boumpas DT, Eliopoulos GD. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 February; 44(2): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688345&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the Netherlands: results from a population-based registry. Author(s): Krol AD, le Cessie S, Snijder S, Kluin-Nelemans JC, Kluin PM, Noordijk EM. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 March; 44(3): 451-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688314&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence in the world. Author(s): Yamamoto S. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2002 September; 32(9): 386. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12425303&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the gynecologic tract: a review of 88 cases. Author(s): Vang R, Medeiros LJ, Fuller GN, Sarris AH, Deavers M. Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology. 2001 July; 8(4): 200-17. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11444509&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the ascending colon in a patient with becker muscular dystrophy: report of a case. Author(s): Uotani H, Hirokawa S, Saito F, Tauchi K, Shimoda M, Ishizawa S, Kawaguchi M, Nomura K, Kanegane H, Tsukada K. Source: Surgery Today. 2001; 31(11): 1016-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11766073&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brainstem with atrial septal mass. Author(s): Prakash B, Nayak SD, Mathew V, Bhaskar N, Natarajan M, Pranesh MB. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 2003 March; 51: 311-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12839362&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasopharynx: CT and MR imaging. Author(s): King AD, Lei KI, Richards PS, Ahuja AT. Source: Clinical Radiology. 2003 August; 58(8): 621-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12887955&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Author(s): Sasai K, Yamabe H, Dodo Y, Kashii S, Nagata Y, Hiraoka M. Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 2001; 40(4): 485-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11504308&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the pleural cavity: late complication of artificial pneumothorax for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Author(s): Trojan A, Bohm T, Kurrer MO. Source: Swiss Medical Weekly : Official Journal of the Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases, the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, the Swiss Society of Pneumology. 2001 March 24; 131(11-12): 164. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11416890&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testis: a retrospective study of 84 patients treated in the French anticancer centres. Author(s): Lagrange JL, Ramaioli A, Theodore CH, Terrier-Lacombe MJ, Beckendorf V, Biron P, Chevreau CH, Chinet-Charrot P, Dumont J, Delobel-Deroide A, D'Anjou J, Chassagne C, Parache RM, Karsenty JM, Mercier J, Droz JP; Radiation Therapy Group and the Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer Centres. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2001 September; 12(9): 1313-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697846&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with spinal involvement: the Sheffield Lymphoma Group experience (1970-2000). Author(s): Ching HY, Horsman JM, Radstone CR, Hancock H, Timperley WR, Hancock BW. Source: International Journal of Oncology. 2001 July; 19(1): 149-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11408936&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with left suprascapular neuropathy on magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Faridah Y, Abdullah BJ. Source: Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. 2003 April; 9(2): 134-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12668827&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Rule S. Source: Clinical Medicine (London, England). 2001 September-October; 1(5): 362-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11706878&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: review of conventional treatments. Author(s): Multani P, White CA, Grillo-Lopez A. Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2001 December; 2(4): 279-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762410&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the evolving role of purine analogues. Author(s): Zinzani PL. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. 2002 September; 15(3): 505-16. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468402&dopt=Abstract

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome as first manifestation of pharyngeal nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Gomez-Merino E, Arriero JM, Chiner E, Signes-Costa J, Marco J. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2003 January-February; 70(1): 107-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12584402&dopt=Abstract

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Occupation and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zheng T, Blair A, Zhang Y, Weisenburger DD, Zahm SH. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2002 May; 44(5): 469-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12024692&dopt=Abstract

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Occupational chlorophenol exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Garabedian MJ, Hoppin JA, Tolbert PE, Herrick RF, Brann EA. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1999 April; 41(4): 267-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10224592&dopt=Abstract

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Occupational physical activity and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zahm SH, Hoffman-Goetz L, Dosemeci M, Cantor KP, Blair A. Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1999 April; 31(4): 566-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10211853&dopt=Abstract

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Occurrence of sarcoidosis subsequent to chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: report of two cases. Author(s): Kornacker M, Kraemer A, Leo E, Ho AD. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 February; 81(2): 103-5. Epub 2002 January 10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11907791&dopt=Abstract

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Oculocerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with uveal involvement: development of an epibulbar tumor after vitrectomy. Author(s): Cursiefen C, Holbach LM, Lafaut B, Heimann K, Kirchner T, Naumann GO. Source: Archives of Ophthalmology. 2000 October; 118(10): 1437-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11030832&dopt=Abstract

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Oncogenic aberrations in the p53 pathway are associated with a high S phase fraction and poor patient survival in B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Stokke T, Galteland E, Holte H, Smedshammer L, Suo Z, Smeland EB, Borresen-Dale AL, DeAngelis P, Steen HB. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2000 July 20; 89(4): 313-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10956404&dopt=Abstract

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Oncoprotein MDM2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in distinct nonHodgkin's lymphoma entities. Author(s): Moller MB, Nielsen O, Pedersen NT. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 1999 November; 12(11): 1010-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10574597&dopt=Abstract

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Onset of oral extranodal large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with polycythemia vera: a rare presentation. Author(s): Castellano S, Carbone M, Carrozzo M, Broccoletti R, Pagano M, Vasino MA, Gandolfo S. Source: Oral Oncology. 2002 September; 38(6): 624-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167442&dopt=Abstract

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Optic disk edema in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: is there a metastasis to the brain? Author(s): Lim K, Ilsen PF. Source: Optometry. 2001 January; 72(1): 25-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11217003&dopt=Abstract

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Optimization of oral etoposide dosage in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using the fraction of dose absorbed measured for each patient. Author(s): el-Yazigi A, Ezzat A, Berry J, Raines DA, Yusuf A, al-Rawithi S, Legayada ES. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2000 February; 40(2): 153-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10664921&dopt=Abstract

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Optimizing the use of rituximab for treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a benefit-risk update. Author(s): Kunkel L, Wong A, Maneatis T, Nickas J, Brown T, Grillo-Lopez A, Benyunes M, Grobman B, Dillman RO. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2000 December; 27(6 Suppl 12): 53-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11226001&dopt=Abstract

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Oral combination chemotherapy in conjunction with filgrastim (G-CSF) in the treatment of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: evaluation of the role of GCSF; quality-of-life analysis and long-term follow-up. Author(s): Remick SC, Sedransk N, Haase RF, Blanchard CG, Ramnes CR, Nazeer T, Mastrianni DM, Dezube BJ. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2001 March; 66(3): 178-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11279624&dopt=Abstract

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Oral cytarabine ocfosfate in acute myeloid leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-phase I/II studies and pharmacokinetics. Author(s): Braess J, Freund M, Hanauske A, Heil G, Kaufmann C, Kern W, Schussler M, Hiddemann W, Schleyer E. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1998 October; 12(10): 1618-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9766508&dopt=Abstract

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Oral mucosal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--a dangerous mimic. Author(s): Richards A, Costelloe MA, Eveson JW, Scully C, Irvine GH, Rooney N. Source: Oral Oncology. 2000 November; 36(6): 556-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11036251&dopt=Abstract

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Outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome after autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Friedberg JW, Neuberg D, Stone RM, Alyea E, Jallow H, LaCasce A, Mauch PM, Gribben JG, Ritz J, Nadler LM, Soiffer RJ, Freedman AS. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 October; 17(10): 3128-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10506609&dopt=Abstract

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Outcome of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach after gastrectomy: clinicopathologic study and reclassification according to the revised European-American lymphoma classification. Author(s): Mafune KI, Tanaka Y, Suda Y, Izumo T. Source: Gastric Cancer : Official Journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. 2001; 4(3): 137-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11760079&dopt=Abstract

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Outcome of relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after allogeneic and autologous transplantation. Author(s): Vaishampayan U, Karanes C, Du W, Varterasian M, al-Katib A. Source: Cancer Investigation. 2002; 20(3): 303-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12025224&dopt=Abstract

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Outcome of relapsed or refractory childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with the UKCCSG 9003/9002 protocols. Author(s): Atra A, Gerrard M, Hobson R, Imeson JD, Hann IM, Pinkerton CR. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 March; 112(4): 965-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11298592&dopt=Abstract

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Outcomes of treatment of children and adolescents with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease with dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine, and l-asparaginase, maintenance chemotherapy, and transplantation: Children's Cancer Group Study CCG-5912. Author(s): Kobrinsky NL, Sposto R, Shah NR, Anderson JR, DeLaat C, Morse M, Warkentin P, Gilchrist GS, Cohen MD, Shina D, Meadows AT. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 May 1; 19(9): 2390-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11331317&dopt=Abstract

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Outpatient regimen rituximab plus ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (R-ICE) for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vose J, Sneller V. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I17-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736226&dopt=Abstract

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Outpatient-based ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy in transplant-eligible patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Hertzberg MS, Crombie C, Benson W, Taper J, Gottlieb D, Bradstock KF. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I11-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736225&dopt=Abstract

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Ovarian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of eight primary cases. Author(s): Vang R, Medeiros LJ, Warnke RA, Higgins JP, Deavers MT. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2001 November; 14(11): 1093-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11706069&dopt=Abstract

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Overview of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: biology, staging, and treatment. Author(s): Fisher RI. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2003 April; 30(2 Suppl 4): 3-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12728402&dopt=Abstract

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Overview of prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Moore DF Jr, Cabanillas F. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 1998 October; 12(10 Suppl 8): 17-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9830629&dopt=Abstract

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Overweight as an adverse prognostic factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and autograft. Author(s): Tarella C, Caracciolo D, Gavarotti P, Argentino C, Zallio F, Corradini P, Novero D, Magnani C, Pileri A. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000 December; 26(11): 1185-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11149729&dopt=Abstract

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P53 gene mutations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Chen Y, Xiang Z, Li H, Yang N, Zhang H. Source: J Tongji Med Univ. 1999; 19(1): 27-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12840870&dopt=Abstract

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Paraneoplastic pemphigus occuring after radiotherapy for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. Author(s): Stark GL, Goff DK, Spickett GP, Wojnarowska F, Langtry JA. Source: The Hematology Journal : the Official Journal of the European Haematology Association / Eha. 2003; 4(2): 154-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12750736&dopt=Abstract

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Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria caused by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Sivakumaran M, Murphy PT, Booker DJ, Wood JK, Stamps R, Sokol RJ. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1999 April; 105(1): 278-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10233394&dopt=Abstract

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Patient-specific, 3-dimensional dosimetry in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated with 131I-anti-B1 antibody: assessment of tumor dose-response. Author(s): Sgouros G, Squeri S, Ballangrud AM, Kolbert KS, Teitcher JB, Panageas KS, Finn RD, Divgi CR, Larson SM, Zelenetz AD. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 February; 44(2): 260-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12571219&dopt=Abstract

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Perianal abscess: an unusual presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ganeshan A, Soonawalla ZF, Baxter JN. Source: The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica. 2002; 168(11): 657-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12699108&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacokinetic study of single doses of oral fludarabine phosphate in patients with "low-grade" non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Foran JM, Oscier D, Orchard J, Johnson SA, Tighe M, Cullen MH, de Takats PG, Kraus C, Klein M, Lister TA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 May; 17(5): 1574-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10334546&dopt=Abstract

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Phase I trial of fludarabine and paclitaxel in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Abbasi MR, Sparano JA, Sarta C, Wiernik PH. Source: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2003; 20(1): 53-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12665685&dopt=Abstract

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Phase I/II trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) in indolent nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Leonard JP, Coleman M, Ketas JC, Chadburn A, Ely S, Furman RR, Wegener WA, Hansen HJ, Ziccardi H, Eschenberg M, Gayko U, Cesano A, Goldenberg DM. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 August 15; 21(16): 3051-9. Epub 2003 July 01. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12837807&dopt=Abstract

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Phase I/II trial of multiple dose 131Iodine-MAb LL2 (CD22) in patients with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vose JM, Colcher D, Gobar L, Bierman PJ, Augustine S, Tempero M, Leichner P, Lynch JC, Goldenberg D, Armitage JO. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 June; 38(1-2): 91-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10811451&dopt=Abstract

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Plasma protein Z levels inversely correlate with plasma interleukin-6 levels in patients with acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Undar L, Karadogan I, Ozturk F. Source: Thrombosis Research. 1999 April 15; 94(2): 131-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10230898&dopt=Abstract

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Polymerase chain reaction screening of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements: a practical approach to molecular DNA analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a surgical pathology laboratory. Author(s): Hayashi Y, Fukayama M, Funata N, Hishima T, Oba T, Koike M. Source: Pathology International. 1999 February; 49(2): 110-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10355963&dopt=Abstract

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Polymorphisms in the interleukin 10 gene promoter are associated with susceptibility to aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Cunningham LM, Chapman C, Dunstan R, Bell MC, Joske DJ. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 February; 44(2): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688341&dopt=Abstract

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Poor lymphocyte recovery following CD34-selected autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Divine M, Boutolleau D, Delfau-Larue MH, Beaujean F, Jouault H, Reyes F, Kuentz M, Bensussan A, Farcet JP, Boumsell L. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1999 May; 105(2): 349-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10233403&dopt=Abstract

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Position paper on the therapeutic use of rituximab in CD20-positive diffuse large Bcell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Pettengell R, Linch D; Haemato-Oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 April; 121(1): 44-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12670330&dopt=Abstract

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Preliminary results on the activity of oxaliplatin (L-OHP) in refractory/recurrent nonHodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Germann N, Brienza S, Rotarski M, Emile JF, Di Palma M, Musset M, Reynes M, Soulie P, Cvitkovic E, Misset JL. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1999 March; 10(3): 351-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10355582&dopt=Abstract

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Prescription medications associated with a decreased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Beiderbeck AB, Holly EA, Sturkenboom MC, Coebergh JW, Stricker BH, Leufkens HG. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 March 15; 157(6): 510-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12631540&dopt=Abstract

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Presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as acute hypoxia caused by right ventricular compression. Author(s): Russell JC, Lowry KG. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2003 June; 96(6): 1768-71, Table of Contents. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12761009&dopt=Abstract

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Presentation serum selenium predicts for overall survival, dose delivery, and first treatment response in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Last KW, Cornelius V, Delves T, Sieniawska C, Fitzgibbon J, Norton A, Amess J, Wilson A, Rohatiner AZ, Lister TA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 June 15; 21(12): 2335-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12805335&dopt=Abstract

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Primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma and limited stage follicular nonHodgkin's lymphoma: a comparison of clinical and biological features. Author(s): Anghel G, Pulsoni A, De Rosa L. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 November; 43(11): 2109-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12533035&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone: three cases and a short review of the literature. Author(s): Misgeld E, Wehmeier A, Kromeke O, Gattermann N. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2003 July; 82(7): 440-3. Epub 2003 May 22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12761650&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bile ducts mimicking cholangiocarcinoma. Author(s): Das K, Fisher A, Wilson DJ, dela Torre AN, Seguel J, Koneru B. Source: Surgery. 2003 September; 134(3): 496-500. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14555939&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bladder with bone marrow involvement. Author(s): Oh KC, Zang DY. Source: Korean J Intern Med. 2003 March; 18(1): 40-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12760267&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast--a case report. Author(s): Parida G, Mohanty J, Rout N, Pattnaik BK, Devi P. Source: Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2002 April; 45(2): 179-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12696736&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the jaws: Report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Author(s): Pazoki A, Jansisyanont P, Ord RA. Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2003 January; 61(1): 112-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524617&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lacrimal sac: a case report. Author(s): Cama GC, Vassallo P, Alberti D, Cante D, Solla R, Punzo G, Cella L, Pacelli R. Source: Tumori. 2002 November-December; 88(6): 530-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12597152&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the uterine cervix successfully treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy: case report. Author(s): Szantho A, Balega J J, Csapo Z, Sreter L L, Matolcsy A, Papp Z. Source: Gynecologic Oncology. 2003 April; 89(1): 171-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12694673&dopt=Abstract

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Primary periosteal lymphoma: an unusual presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with radiographic, MR imaging, and pathologic correlation. Author(s): Campbell SE, Filzen TW, Bezzant SM, Beall DP, Burton MP, Sanders TG, Parsons TW. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 2003 April; 32(4): 231-5. Epub 2003 March 07. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12652339&dopt=Abstract

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Primary sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma masquerading as chronic rhinosinusitis: an issue of routine histopathological examination. Author(s): Chen SH, Wu CS, Chan KH, Hongh YT, Shun CT, Liu CM. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2003 May; 117(5): 404-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12803794&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic factors in localized aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Alici S, Bavbek SE, Kaytan E, Eralp Y, Onat H. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2003 February; 26(1): 1-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12576915&dopt=Abstract

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Purpura and leg ulcers in a patient with cryoglobulinaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and antiphospholipid syndrome. Author(s): Andrejevic S, Bonaci-Nikolic B, Bukilica M, Milivojevic G, Basanovic J, Nikolic MM. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2003 March; 28(2): 151-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12653701&dopt=Abstract

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QT dispersion and late potentials during doxorubicin therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Nousiainen T, Vanninen E, Rantala A, Jantunen E, Hartikainen J. Source: Journal of Internal Medicine. 1999 April; 245(4): 359-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10356598&dopt=Abstract

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Quality of life in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Validation of the medical outcomes study short form 20 and the Rotterdam symptom checklist in older patients. Author(s): Tchen N, Soubeyran P, Eghbali H, Ceccaldi J, Cany L, Balzon JC, Remuzon P, Malet M, Bonichon F, Picot V, Monnereau A, Hoerni B; Sud-Ouest Lymphomes. Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2002 September; 43(3): 219-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12270778&dopt=Abstract

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Quality of life in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Webster K, Cella D. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 1998 May; 12(5): 697-714; Discussion 714, 717, 721. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9597680&dopt=Abstract

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Quantification of cellular adhesion molecules on malignant B cells from nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jacob MC, Agrawal S, Chaperot L, Giroux C, Gressin R, Le Marc'Hadour F, Favre M, Sotto JJ, Bensa JC, Plumas J. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1999 September; 13(9): 1428-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10482995&dopt=Abstract

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Radiation dosimetry for 90Y-2IT-BAD-Lym-1 extrapolated from pharmacokinetics using 111In-2IT-BAD-Lym-1 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): DeNardo GL, O'Donnell RT, Shen S, Kroger LA, Yuan A, Meares CF, Kukis DL, DeNardo SJ. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 May; 41(5): 952-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10809213&dopt=Abstract

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Radiation dosimetry results and safety correlations from 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: combined data from 4 clinical trials. Author(s): Wiseman GA, Kornmehl E, Leigh B, Erwin WD, Podoloff DA, Spies S, Sparks RB, Stabin MG, Witzig T, White CA. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 March; 44(3): 465-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12621016&dopt=Abstract

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Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with bectumomab (Tc99m labeled IMMU-LL2, Lymphoscan) in the assessment of recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Author(s): Lamonica D, Czuczman M, Nabi H, Klippenstein D, Grossman Z. Source: Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. 2002 December; 17(6): 689-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12537673&dopt=Abstract

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Radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Emmanouilides C. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2003 August; 30(4): 531-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12939722&dopt=Abstract

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Radioimmunotherapy of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: from clinical trials to clinical practice. Author(s): Juweid ME. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2002 November; 43(11): 1507-29. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12411555&dopt=Abstract

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Radioimmunotherapy of relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Dillman RO. Source: Curr Hematol Rep. 2003 January; 2(1): 30-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12901152&dopt=Abstract

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Radioimmunotherapy with yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan for patients with relapsed CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Alcindor T, Witzig TE. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2002 August; 3(4): 275-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12074764&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized phase III study of fludarabine phosphate versus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone in patients with recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma previously treated with an alkylating agent or alkylator-containing regimen. Author(s): Klasa RJ, Meyer RM, Shustik C, Sawka CA, Smith A, Guevin R, Maksymiuk A, Rubinger M, Samosh M, Laplante S, Grenier JF. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 December 15; 20(24): 4649-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12488409&dopt=Abstract

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Rapid proliferation of a different clone early after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mori T, Tamaru J, Tokuhira M, Mori S, Suzuki H, Abe T, Takeuchi T. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2002 October; 76(3): 287-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12416742&dopt=Abstract

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Re: "anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, and risk of nonHodgkin's lymphoma subtypes and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective study". Author(s): Groves FD, Lazarchick JS. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 July 15; 158(2): 190. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12851233&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma isolated to the right masticator and left psoas muscles. Author(s): Connor SE, Chavda SV, West R. Source: European Radiology. 2000; 10(5): 841-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10823644&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the appendix. Author(s): Katz DS, Stein LB, Mazzie JP. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2002 December; 179(6): 1443-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12438033&dopt=Abstract

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Reduced incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and of systemic non-hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV-infected individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Author(s): Carrieri MP, Pradier C, Piselli P, Piche M, Rosenthal E, Heudier P, Durant J, Serraino D. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 January 1; 103(1): 142-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12455069&dopt=Abstract

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Reduced-dose cladribine (2-CdA) plus mitoxantrone is effective in the treatment of mantle-cell and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Rummel MJ, Chow KU, Karakas T, Jager E, Mezger J, von Grunhagen U, Schalk KP, Burkhard O, Hansmann ML, Ritzel H, Bergmann L, Hoelzer D, Mitrou PS. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2002 September; 38(13): 1739-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12175690&dopt=Abstract

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Relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy. Author(s): Phadke SM, Chini BA, Patton D, Goyal RK. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 2002 December; 34(6): 488-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12422348&dopt=Abstract

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Resolution of oral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by reduction of immunosuppressive therapy in a renal allograft recipient: a case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Keogh PV, Fisher V, Flint SR. Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. 2002 December; 94(6): 697-701. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12464893&dopt=Abstract

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Retrospective comparison between CHOP-PVP and CHOP protocols for nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Gan H, Zhang F, Lin Y. Source: Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2002 July; 24(4): 397-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12408775&dopt=Abstract

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Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and prediagnostic serum organochlorines: betahexachlorocyclohexane, chlordane/heptachlor-related compounds, dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene. Author(s): Cantor KP, Strickland PT, Brock JW, Bush D, Helzlsouer K, Needham LL, Zahm SH, Comstock GW, Rothman N. Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. 2003 February; 111(2): 179-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12573902&dopt=Abstract

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Risk-adjusted prognostic models for Hodgkin's disease (HD) and grade II nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL II): validation on 6728 British National Lymphoma Investigation patients. Author(s): Low SE, Horsman JM, Walters SJ, Hancock H, Smith P, Linch D, Hancock BW. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 January; 120(2): 277-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12542487&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab and chemotherapy is highly effective in patients with CD20-positive nonHodgkin's lymphoma and HIV infection. Author(s): Spina M, Sparano JA, Jaeger U, Rossi G, Tirelli U. Source: Aids (London, England). 2003 January 3; 17(1): 137-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12478085&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab as first-line and maintenance therapy for patients with indolent nonhodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hainsworth JD, Litchy S, Burris HA 3rd, Scullin DC Jr, Corso SW, Yardley DA, Morrissey L, Greco FA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 October 15; 20(20): 4261-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12377971&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab in B-cell disorders other than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bosly A, Keating MJ, Stasi R, Bradstock K. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2002 November; 13 Suppl 2: S25-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12710588&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab in combination with CNOP chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Economopoulos T, Fountzilas G, Pavlidis N, Kalantzis D, Papageorgiou E, Christodoulou C, Hamilos G, Nicolaides C, Dimopoulos M. Source: The Hematology Journal : the Official Journal of the European Haematology Association / Eha. 2003; 4(2): 110-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12750729&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab reduces relapse risk after allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with high-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Shimoni A, Hardan I, Avigdor A, Yeshurun M, Raanani P, Ben-Bassat I, Nagler A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 August; 122(3): 457-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12877674&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab therapy for indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hagenbeek A, Czuczman MS, Ghielmini M, Herold M, Kimby E, SolalCeligny P, Unterhalt M. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2002 November; 13 Suppl 2: S11-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12710586&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab: a review of its use in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Author(s): Plosker GL, Figgitt DP. Source: Drugs. 2003; 63(8): 803-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12662126&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab: active treatment of central nervous system involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Author(s): Ruhstaller TW, Amsler U, Cerny T. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 March; 11(3): 374-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10811510&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab: enhancing outcome of autologous stem cell transplantation in nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Gisselbrecht C, Mounier N. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2003 February; 30(1 Suppl 2): 28-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12652462&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab: review and clinical applications focusing on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): King KM, Younes A. Source: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2001 August; 1(2): 177-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12113023&dopt=Abstract

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Role of laparoscopy for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Walsh RM, Heniford BT. Source: Seminars in Surgical Oncology. 1999 June; 16(4): 284-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10332774&dopt=Abstract

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Safety of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed lowgrade, follicular, or transformed non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Witzig TE, White CA, Gordon LI, Wiseman GA, Emmanouilides C, Murray JL, Lister J, Multani PS. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 April 1; 21(7): 1263-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12663713&dopt=Abstract

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Salvage surgery for primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid gland with histopathological complete response to radio-chemotherapy: report of a case. Author(s): Shimizu J, Ishida Y, Takehara A, Kinoshita T, Tatsuzawa Y, Kawaura Y, Matsumoto I, Imai M. Source: Surgery Today. 2003; 33(1): 45-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12560906&dopt=Abstract

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Screening for celiac disease in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: a serum antitransglutaminase-based approach. Author(s): Carroccio A, Iannitto E, Di Prima L, Cirrincione S, Troncone R, Paparo F, Trapani LG, Gucciardi A, Averna MR, Montalto G, Notarbartolo A. Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2003 August; 48(8): 1530-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12924648&dopt=Abstract

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Second lung adenocarcinoma after combination chemotherapy in two patients with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Yamada T, Shinohara K, Takeda K, Kameda N, Katsuki K, Ariyoshi K, Kamei T. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1999 April; 29(4): 226-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10340048&dopt=Abstract

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Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia with MLL gene rearrangement following radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Nabhan C, Peterson LA, Kent SA, Tallman MS, Dewald G, Multani P, Gordon LI. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 November; 43(11): 2145-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12539741&dopt=Abstract

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Serum CD44 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ristamaki R, Joensuu H, Jalkanen S. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 May; 33(5-6): 433-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10342571&dopt=Abstract

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Serum soluble CD27, but not thymidine kinase, is an independent prognostic factor for outcome in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kok M, Bonfrer JM, Korse CM, de Jong D, Kersten MJ. Source: Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. 2003 January-February; 24(1): 53-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743427&dopt=Abstract

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Severe recalcitrant necrotizing leucocytoclastic vasculitis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with hepatitis C: successful treatment with the combination of antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy. Author(s): Zou W, Kreuter A, Schlottmann R, Bartke U, Altmeyer P, Wu NP, Brockmeyer NH. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 2003; 83(3): 224-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12816162&dopt=Abstract

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Simultaneous elevation of the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 as independent predictors of prognosis in aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Niitsu N, Okamato M, Nakamine H, Yoshino T, Tamaru J, Nakamura S, Higashihara M, Hirano M. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2002 February; 68(2): 91-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12038454&dopt=Abstract

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Single institute experience of chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy for localized aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: retrospective analysis of the clinical efficacy of radiation therapy. Author(s): Kodaira T, Fuwa N, Kamata M, Furutani K, Ogura M, Morishima Y. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2002 December; 25(6): 612-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12478011&dopt=Abstract

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Skin cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as second malignancies. markers of impaired immune function? Author(s): Hemminki K, Jiang Y, Steineck G. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2003 January; 39(2): 223-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12509955&dopt=Abstract

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Smoking and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-control study in the Rhone-Alpes region of France. Author(s): Besson H, Renaudier P, Merrill RM, Coiffier B, Sebban C, Fabry J, Trepo C, Sasco AJ. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2003 May; 14(4): 381-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12846371&dopt=Abstract

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Solitary plasmacytosis of the larynx in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Lee LA, Fang TJ, Li HY. Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology. 2002 September-October; 23(5): 316-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12239702&dopt=Abstract

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S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma inversely correlates with p27 expression and defines cells in S phase. Author(s): Chiarle R, Fan Y, Piva R, Boggino H, Skolnik J, Novero D, Palestro G, De Wolf-Peeters C, Chilosi M, Pagano M, Inghirami G. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2002 April; 160(4): 1457-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11943729&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous remission of low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following withdrawal of methotrexate in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Baird RD, van Zyl-Smit RN, Dilke T, Scott SE, Rassam SM. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 August; 118(2): 567-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12139747&dopt=Abstract

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Stage IE primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone. Author(s): Marshall DT, Amdur RJ, Scarborough MT, Mendenhall NP, Virkus WW. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2002 December; (405): 216-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12461377&dopt=Abstract

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Stage I-IIE primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testis: results of a prospective trial by the GOELAMS Study Group. Author(s): Linassier C, Desablens B, Lefrancq T, Le Prise PY, Harousseau JL, Jacob C, Gandhour C, Haillot O, Lucas V, Leloup R, Escoffre M, Colombat P, Tabuteau S; GOELAMS Study Group. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2002 December; 3(3): 167-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521394&dopt=Abstract

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Stem-cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: improving outcome. Author(s): Gianni AM, Berinstein NL, Evans PA, Lopez-Guillermo A, Solano C. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2002 November; 13 Suppl 2: S35-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12710589&dopt=Abstract

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Successful long-term control with lamivudine against reactivated hepatitis B infection following intensive chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: experience of 2 cases. Author(s): Nakagawa M, Simizu Y, Suemura M, Sato B. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2002 May; 70(1): 60-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11994984&dopt=Abstract

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Successful treatment of aggressive HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with combination chemotherapy, biotherapy with rituximab and HAART: presentation of a therapeutic option. Author(s): Klepfish A, Schattner A, Shvidel L, Shtalrid M, Haran M, Bentwich Z, Berrebi A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 February; 44(2): 349-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688356&dopt=Abstract

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Successful treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated with autoimmune neutropenia. Author(s): Nakabe N, Kobayashi Y, Nakajima T, Hattori T, Kuroda J, Kimura S, Yoshikawa T. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2002 July; 70(3): 264-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12111776&dopt=Abstract

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Successful treatment of primary adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with adrenal insufficiency. Author(s): Kuyama A, Takeuchi M, Munemasa M, Tsutsui K, Aga N, Goda Y, Kanetada K. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 June; 38(1-2): 203-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10811465&dopt=Abstract

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Successful treatment with lamivudine for reactivated hepatitis B infection following chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Stroffolini T, Andriani A, Bibas M, Barlattani A. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 January; 81(1): 48-9. Epub 2001 December 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11807636&dopt=Abstract

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Successful unrelated cord blood transplantation for relapse after autologous transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ooi J, Iseki T, Ito K, Mori Y, Sato H, Takahashi T, Isihii K, Tomonari A, Tojo A, Tani K, Asano S. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 March; 43(3): 653-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12002775&dopt=Abstract

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Surgical resection in the treatment of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: retrospective study. Author(s): Radman I, Kovacevic-Metelko J, Aurer I, Nemet D, Zupancic-Salek S, Bogdanic V, Sertic D, Mrsic M, Pulanic R, Gasparovic V, Labar B. Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2002 October; 43(5): 555-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12402395&dopt=Abstract

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SV40 in human brain cancers and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vilchez RA, Butel JS. Source: Oncogene. 2003 August 11; 22(33): 5164-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12910253&dopt=Abstract

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Synergistic antitumor effect of bispecific CD19 x CD3 and CD19 x CD16 diabodies in a preclinical model of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kipriyanov SM, Cochlovius B, Schafer HJ, Moldenhauer G, Bahre A, Le Gall F, Knackmuss S, Little M. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2002 July 1; 169(1): 137-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12077238&dopt=Abstract

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Syngeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a comparison with allogeneic and autologous transplantation--The Lymphoma Working Committee of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Author(s): Bierman PJ, Sweetenham JW, Loberiza FR Jr, Taghipour G, Lazarus HM, Rizzo JD, Schmitz N, van Besien K, Vose JM, Horowitz M, Goldstone A; Lymphoma Working Committee of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 October 15; 21(20): 3744-53. Epub 2003 September 08. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12963703&dopt=Abstract

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Systemic aspergillosis in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developing acute graft-versus-host disease after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Author(s): Messina G, Quartarone E, Console G, Cuzzola M, Iacopino O, Martino M, Irrera G, Morabito F, Iacopino P. Source: Haematologica. 2002 July; 87(7): Ecr22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12091138&dopt=Abstract

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Systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in persons with HIV infection. Author(s): Vilchez R, Butel JS. Source: Res Initiat Treat Action. 2000 September; 6(3): 15-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11708161&dopt=Abstract

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T/NK cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the sinonasal tract. Author(s): Sheahan P, Donnelly M, O'Reilly S, Murphy M. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2001 December; 115(12): 1032-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11779343&dopt=Abstract

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Tc-99m depreotide scintigraphy of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Montilla-Soler JL, Rexroad JT, Bridwell RS. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2003 June; 28(6): 503-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12917537&dopt=Abstract

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T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults: clinicopathological characteristics, response to treatment and prognostic factors. Author(s): Reiser M, Josting A, Soltani M, Staib P, Salzberger B, Diehl V, Engert A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 April; 43(4): 805-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12153168&dopt=Abstract

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T-cell-rich B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Battig B, Mueller-Garamvoelgyi E, Cogliatti SB, Schmid U, Kappeler A, Cerny T, Laissue JA, Fey MF. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 April; 33(3-4): 393-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10221522&dopt=Abstract

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Techniques for using Bexxar for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Seldin DW. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology. 2002 September; 30(3): 109-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12186959&dopt=Abstract

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Telomere length shortening in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy. Author(s): Lee JJ, Nam CE, Cho SH, Park KS, Chung IJ, Kim HJ. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2003 August; 82(8): 492-5. Epub 2003 June 21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12910376&dopt=Abstract

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Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and its relationship with tumor growth in B cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Author(s): Jones EA, Pringle JH, Angel CA, Rees RC. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 June; 43(6): 1313-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12153001&dopt=Abstract

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The cost of treating relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an international setting: retrospective analysis of resource use. Author(s): Herold M, Sacchi S, Hieke K. Source: Haematologica. 2002 July; 87(7): 719-29; Discussion 729. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12091123&dopt=Abstract

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The expanding frontier of radioimmunotherapy of relapsed Non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kozuch P, Grossbard ML. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2000 September; 1(2): 158-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11707826&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of age on delivered dose intensity and hospitalizations for febrile neutropenia in patients with intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving initial CHOP chemotherapy: a risk factor analysis. Author(s): Morrison VA, Picozzi V, Scott S, Pohlman B, Dickman E, Lee M, Lawless G, Kerr R, Caggiano V, Delgado D, Fridman M, Ford J, Carter WB; Oncology Practice Pattern Study Working Group. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2001 June; 2(1): 47-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11707870&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of external beam radiation therapy prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Friedberg JW, Neuberg D, Monson E, Jallow H, Nadler LM, Freedman AS. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2001; 7(8): 446-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11569890&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of radiotherapy dose and other treatment-related and clinical factors on in-field control in stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kamath SS, Marcus RB Jr, Lynch JW, Mendenhall NP. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1999 June 1; 44(3): 563-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10348285&dopt=Abstract

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The need for investigations of prophylactic regimens to prevent AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Rabkin CS. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2000 May; 30(5): 762-3. Epub 2000 May 18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10816145&dopt=Abstract

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The prognostic significance of CA 125 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zacharos ID, Efstathiou SP, Petreli E, Georgiou G, Tsioulos DI, Mastorantonakis SE, Christakopoulou I, Roussou PP. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2002 October; 69(4): 221-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12431241&dopt=Abstract

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The role of mitoxantrone in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Armitage JO. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 2002 April; 16(4): 490-502, 507-8; Discussion 511-2, 514. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12017536&dopt=Abstract

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The role of surgery in the treatment of pediatric B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Attarbaschi A, Mann G, Dworzak M, Trebo M, Muhlegger N, Reiter A, Horcher E, Gadner H; Austrian Cooperative Study Group. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2002 October; 37(10): 1470-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12378457&dopt=Abstract

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The role of surveillance CT scans in patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Guppy AE, Tebbutt NC, Norman A, Cunningham D. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 January; 44(1): 123-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12691151&dopt=Abstract

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The usefulness of technetium-99m tetrofosmin scan to detect non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Liu FY, Shiau YC, Kao A, Liang JA, Yang SN. Source: Anticancer Res. 2003 May-June; 23(3C): 2951-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12926142&dopt=Abstract

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Therapeutic challenges of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States and East Africa. Author(s): Otieno MW, Banura C, Katongole-Mbidde E, Johnson JL, Ghannoum M, Dowlati A, Renne R, Arts E, Whalen C, Lederman MM, Remick SC. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2002 May 15; 94(10): 718-32. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12011222&dopt=Abstract

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Therapy for stage I aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kluin-Nelemans HC. Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2002 October; 43(5): 546-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12402393&dopt=Abstract

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Transient spontaneous regression of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma confined to the adrenal glands. Author(s): Fujiwara T, Kawamura M, Sasaki A, Asahi H, Sasou S, Itoh S, Hiramori K. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001 September; 80(9): 561-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11669310&dopt=Abstract

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Translocation t(2;7)(p12;q21-22) with dysregulation of the CDK6 gene mapping to 7q21-22 in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemia. Author(s): Brito-Babapulle V, Gruszka-Westwood AM, Platt G, Andersen CL, Elnenaei MO, Matutes E, Wotherspoon AC, Weston-Smith SG, Catovsky D. Source: Haematologica. 2002 April; 87(4): 357-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11940479&dopt=Abstract

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Transplantation of highly purified CD34+Thy-1+ hematopoietic stem cells in patients with recurrent indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vose JM, Bierman PJ, Lynch JC, Atkinson K, Juttner C, Hanania CE, Bociek G, Armitage JO. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2001; 7(12): 680-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11787531&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with chemotherapy in combination with filgrastim. Author(s): Schriber J. Source: Drugs. 2002; 62 Suppl 1: 33-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12479593&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with dose-intensified epirubicin in combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CEOP-100): a phase II study. Author(s): Basaran M, Bavbek ES, Sakar B, Eralp Y, Alici S, Tas F, Yaman F, Dogan O O, Camlica H, Onat H. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2001 December; 24(6): 570-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11801756&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using CEOP versus CNOP. Author(s): Economopoulos T, Dimopoulos MA, Mellou S, Pavlidis N, Samantas E, Nicolaides C, Tsatalas C, Papadopoulos A, Papageogriou E, Papasavvas P, Fountzilas G. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2002 March; 68(3): 135-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12068793&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment paradigms in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in elderly patients. Author(s): Coiffer B. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2002 December; 3 Suppl 1: S12-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12521384&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment results of aggressive B non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in advanced age considering comorbidity. Author(s): Sonnen R, Schmidt WP, Kuse R, Schmitz N. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 December; 119(3): 634-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12437637&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment with ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy in patients with rituximab-refractory follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Witzig TE, Flinn IW, Gordon LI, Emmanouilides C, Czuczman MS, Saleh MN, Cripe L, Wiseman G, Olejnik T, Multani PS, White CA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 August 1; 20(15): 3262-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12149300&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment-related myelodysplasia and acute leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Author(s): Armitage JO, Carbone PP, Connors JM, Levine A, Bennett JM, Kroll S. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 March 1; 21(5): 897-906. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12610191&dopt=Abstract

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Ulcerative colitis after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Koike K, Kohda K, Kuga T, Nakazawa O, Ando M, Takayanagi N, Matsunaga T, Sakamaki S, Niitsu Y. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2001 September; 28(6): 619-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11607778&dopt=Abstract

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Ultrasonographic and computed tomography manifestations of intussusception secondary to primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed in puerperium: report of a case and review of the literature. Author(s): Samara Ch, Tsikini A, Antoniou S, Polyzos D, Varras M. Source: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2002; 23(6): 569-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12556109&dopt=Abstract

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Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology combined with flow cytometric immunophenotyping for rapid characterization of deep-seated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma recurrence. Author(s): Picardi M, Del Vecchio L, De Renzo A, Zeppa P, Luciano L, Rotoli B. Source: Haematologica. 2003 March; 88(3): 356-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12651281&dopt=Abstract

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Ultrastructural analysis of mast cell recovery after secretion by piecemeal degranulation in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Crivellato E, Nico B, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 March; 44(3): 517-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688324&dopt=Abstract

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Uncommon presentations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Charalambous H, Simpson J. Source: Hosp Med. 1999 October; 60(10): 696-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10656058&dopt=Abstract

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Uncommon presentations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case 1. Intravascular large Bcell lymphoma: diagnosis on prostate biopsy. Author(s): Quintini G, Barbera V, Franco V, Florena AM, Spadola V, Mariani G. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February 1; 21(3): 564-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12560450&dopt=Abstract

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Uncommon presentations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case 2. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the ileocecal region. Author(s): Chenal M, Molina H, Mendez V, Poole J, Parellada C. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February 1; 21(3): 565-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12560451&dopt=Abstract

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Uncommon presentations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case 3. Primary renal lymphoma. Author(s): Pervez H, Shaikh M, Potti A, Mehdi SA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February 1; 21(3): 567-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12560452&dopt=Abstract

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Uncommon sites of presentation of hematologic malignancies. Case 1: localized primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the patella. Author(s): Chandra A, Eilender D. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 May; 17(5): 1640-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10334554&dopt=Abstract

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Unexpected hepatotoxicities in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with irinotecan (CPT-11) and etoposide. Author(s): Ohtsu T, Sasaki Y, Igarashi T, Murayama T, Kobayashi Y, Tobinai K. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1998 August; 28(8): 502-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9769785&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual extra-axial central nervous system involvement of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Singh S, Cherian RS, George B, Nair S, Srivastava A. Source: Australasian Radiology. 2000 February; 44(1): 112-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10761271&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual presentations of lung cancer: Case 4. Palliative radiotherapy in eyelid nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Galeazzi G, Di Russo A, Boffi R, De Conno F. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 December 1; 20(23): 4601-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12454121&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual presentations of lymphoma: Case 1. Sea-blue histiocytes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Oo TH, Aish LS, Hassoun H. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 April 1; 20(7): 1942-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11919255&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual presentations of lymphoma: Case 2. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as liver disease. Author(s): McDermott RS, Maher MM, Dunleavy K, O'Keane CJ, Stack JP, Carney DP. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 April 1; 20(7): 1943-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11919256&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual presentations of lymphoma: Case 3. Splenic hematoma associated with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Narasimhan P, Hitti IF, Gheewala P, Pulakhandam U, Kanzer B. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 April 1; 20(7): 1946-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11919257&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual sites of involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Case 1. Isolated orbit relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for malignant lymphoma. Author(s): Hon C, Au WY, Ma ES, Kwok AK, Lie AK, Liang RH. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 November 1; 20(21): 4394-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12409339&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual sites of involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Case 2. Isolated meningeal anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Author(s): Aloulou S, Bosq J, Vanel D, Ribrag V. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 November 1; 20(21): 4395-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12409340&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual sites of involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Case 3. Intussusception as a rare complication of mantle-cell lymphoma. Author(s): Sucker C, Klima KM, Doelken G, Heidecke CD, Lorenz G, Stockschlaeder M. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 November 1; 20(21): 4397-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12409341&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual sites of malignancy: case 1. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the hand in a patient with hepatitis C infection. Author(s): Longo G, Potenza L, D'Apollo N, Ferrara L, Gandini G, Bertesi M, Torelli G, Emilia G. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 March 1; 19(5): 1570-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11230500&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual T- and T/NK- cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the larynx: a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and pathologists. Author(s): Mok JS, Pak MW, Chan KF, Chow J, Hasselt CA. Source: Head & Neck. 2001 August; 23(8): 625-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11443744&dopt=Abstract

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Update on epidemiology and therapeutics for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vose JM, Chiu BC, Cheson BD, Dancey J, Wright J. Source: Hematology / the Education Program of the American Society of Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program. 2002; : 241-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12446426&dopt=Abstract

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Upregulation of nucleobindin expression in human-activated lymphocytes and nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kubota T, Miyauchi M, Miura K, Hirokawa G, Awaya A, Miyasaka N, Kurosawa Y, Kanai Y, Maruyama K. Source: Pathology International. 1998 January; 48(1): 22-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9589460&dopt=Abstract

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Urticarial vasculitis: a paraneoplastic presentation of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Wilson D, McCluggage WG, Wright GD. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2002 April; 41(4): 476-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11961187&dopt=Abstract

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Use of anti-inflammatory and non-narcotic analgesic drugs and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (United States). Author(s): Kato I, Koenig KL, Shore RE, Baptiste MS, Lillquist PP, Frizzera G, Burke JS, Watanabe H. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2002 December; 13(10): 965-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12588093&dopt=Abstract

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Usefulness of the epithelial tumor marker CA-125 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ozguroglu M, Turna H, Demir G, Doventas A, Demirelli F, Mandel NM, Buyukunal E, Serdengecti S, Berkarda B. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 1999 December; 22(6): 615-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10597748&dopt=Abstract

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Uveal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with epibulbar extension simulating choroidal effusion syndrome. Author(s): Holz FG, Boehmer HV, Mechtersheimer G, Ott G, Volcker HE. Source: Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 1999; 19(4): 343-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10458303&dopt=Abstract

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Vaccine therapies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Timmerman JM. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2002 August; 3(4): 307-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12074767&dopt=Abstract

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VACOP-B versus VACOP-B plus autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial by the non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cooperative Study Group. Author(s): Santini G, Salvagno L, Leoni P, Chisesi T, De Souza C, Sertoli MR, Rubagotti A, Congiu AM, Centurioni R, Olivieri A, Tedeschi L, Vespignani M, Nati S, Soracco M, Porcellini A, Contu A, Guarnaccia C, Pescosta N, Majolino I, Spriano M, Vimercati R, Rossi E, Zambaldi G, Mangoni L, Rizzoli V, et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 August; 16(8): 2796-802. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9704732&dopt=Abstract

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VACOP-B, high-dose cyclophosphamide and high-dose therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with bone marrow involvement: a study by the non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Co-operative Study Group. Author(s): Santini G, Coser P, Congiu AM, Salvagno L, De Souza C, Sertoli MR, Olivieri A, Chisesi T, Rubagotti A, Truini M, Contu A, Porcellini A, Zambaldi G, Nati S, Marino G, Rizzoli V. Source: Haematologica. 2000 February; 85(2): 160-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10681723&dopt=Abstract

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Value of radiation therapy in the management of chemoresistant intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Aref A, Narayan S, Tekyi-Mensah S, Varterasian M, Dan M, Eilender D, Karanes C, al-Katib A. Source: Radiation Oncology Investigations. 1999; 7(3): 186-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10406061&dopt=Abstract

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Vascular patterns in reactive lymphoid tissue and in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Passalidou E, Stewart M, Trivella M, Steers G, Pillai G, Dogan A, Leigh I, Hatton C, Harris A, Gatter K, Pezzella F. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2003 February 24; 88(4): 553-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12592369&dopt=Abstract

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VEDex (vincristine, epirubicin dexamethasone): an effective and well tolerated palliative chemotherapy regimen for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): El Helw LM, Lorigan PC, Robinson MH, Coleman RE, Hancock BW. Source: International Journal of Oncology. 2000 April; 16(4): 777-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10717248&dopt=Abstract

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Visualization of esophageal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with Ga-67 scintigraphy. Author(s): Nishryama Y, Yamamoto Y, Ono Y, Satoh K, Ohkawa M, Yamauchi A, Tanabe M. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 1999 December; 13(6): 419-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10656277&dopt=Abstract

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Visualization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by high dosed somatostatin receptor specific scintigraphy and extended single photon emission tomography. Author(s): Lipp RW, Schnedl WJ, Aglas F, Ranner G, Beham-Schmid C, Leb G, Sill H. Source: Acta Medica Austriaca. 1999; 26(3): 105-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10520379&dopt=Abstract

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Vitamin supplement use and fatal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among US men and women. Author(s): Zhang SM, Calle EE, Petrelli JM, Jacobs EJ, Thun MJ. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2001 June 1; 153(11): 1064-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11390324&dopt=Abstract

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Vitamin supplement use and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women and men. Author(s): Zhang SM, Giovannucci EL, Hunter DJ, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2001 June 1; 153(11): 1056-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11390323&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body 18F-FDG PET for the evaluation of patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Warland V, Najjar F, Paulus P, Fassotte MF, Fillet G, Rigo P. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1999 January; 20(1): 13-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9949408&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body hybrid PET with 18F-FDG in the staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Tatsumi M, Kitayama H, Sugahara H, Tokita N, Nakamura H, Kanakura Y, Nishimura T. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2001 April; 42(4): 601-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11337549&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for posttreatment evaluation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Blood. 1999 July 15; 94(2): 429-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10397709&dopt=Abstract

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Wine drinking and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men in the United States: a population-based case-control study. Author(s): Briggs NC, Levine RS, Bobo LD, Haliburton WP, Brann EA, Hennekens CH. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2002 September 1; 156(5): 454-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12196315&dopt=Abstract

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Yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed or refractory lowgrade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Gordon LI, Witzig TE, Wiseman GA, Flinn IW, Spies SS, Silverman DH, Emmanouilides C, Cripe L, Saleh M, Czuczman MS, Olejnik T, White CA, Grillo-Lopez AJ. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2002 February; 29(1 Suppl 2): 87-92. Review. Erratum In: Semin Oncol. 2003 June; 30(3): 417. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11842394&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. LYMPHOMA

NUTRITION

AND

NON-HODGKIN’S

Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

110 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or a synonym): •

A case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the uterine cervix treated by combination chemotherapy (THP-COP). Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Oita, Japan. Source: Nasu, K Yoshimatsu, J Urata, K Miyakawa, I J-Obstet-Gynaecol-Res. 1998 April; 24(2): 157-60 1341-8076

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A multicenter trial of infusional etoposide, doxorubicin, and vincristine with cyclophosphamide and prednisone (EPOCH) in patients with relapsed nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Texas Oncology, P.A., Dallas, TX, USA. Source: Wilder, D D Ogden, J L Jain, V K Clin-Lymphoma. 2001 March; 1(4): 285-92 1526-9655

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A new weapon in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Radiology, Jennie Edmundson Memorial Hospital, Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA. [email protected] Source: Lipcamon, J D Sahl, B Radiol-Manage. 2002 Sep-October; 24(5): 13-5 0198-7097

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A Phase I study with an anti-CD30 ricin A-chain immunotoxin (Ki-4.dgA) in patients with refractory CD30+ Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Koeln, Joseph-StelzmannStrasse 9, D-50924 Koeln, Germany. Source: Schnell, R Staak, O Borchmann, P Schwartz, C Matthey, B Hansen, H Schindler, J Ghetie, V Vitetta, E S Diehl, V Engert, A Clin-Cancer-Res. 2002 June; 8(6): 1779-86 10780432

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A phase I trial of high dose ProMACE-CytaBOM with granulocyte colony stimulating factor for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Division of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. [email protected] Source: Witzig, T E Camoriano, J K Schroeder, G Kurtin, P J Habermann, T M LeukLymphoma. 1998 January; 28(3-4): 307-14 1042-8194

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A pilot study of a response oriented chemotherapeutic regimen combined with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine II, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Japan. Source: Tarumi, T Sawada, K Koizumi, K Takano, H Fukada, Y Nishio, M Fujie, T Ohnishi, K Kohno, M Sato, N Sekiguchi, S Koike, T Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 July; 34(3-4): 361-71 1042-8194

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A prospective randomized study of Chop versus Chop plus alpha-2B interferon in patients with intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the International Oncology Study Group NHL1 Study. Author(s): International Oncology Study Group, Houston, Texas, USA. [email protected] Source: Giles, F J Shan, J Advani, S H Akan, H Aydogdu, I Aziz, Z Azim, H A Bapsy, P P Buyukkececi, F Chaimongkol, B Chen, P M Cheong, S K Ferhanoglu, B Hamza, R Khalid, H M Intragumtornchai, T Kim, S W Kim, S Y Koc, H KuMarch, L Kumar, R Lei, K I Lekhakula, A Muthalib, A Patel, M Poovalingam, V P Prayoonwiwat, W Rana, F Reksodiputro, A H Ruff, P Sagar, T G Schwarer, A P Song, H S Suh, C W Suharti, C

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Supindiman, I Tee, G Y Thamprasit, T Villalon, A H Wickham, N R Wong, J E Yalcin, A Jootar, S Leuk-Lymphoma. 2000 December; 40(1-2): 95-103 1042-8194 •

Assessment of drug activity and proliferation ex vivo for prediction of outcome in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Author(s): Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, University of Uppsala, Akademiska sjukhuset, Sweden. [email protected] Source: Ericsson, Suzanne M Rehn Larsson, Rolf L Nygren, H Peter Sundstrom, Christer Glimelius, Bengt L G Acta-Oncol. 2002; 41(1): 36-43 0284-186X

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Autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: value of augmented preparative regimens--a Southwest Oncology Group trial. Author(s): Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA. Source: Stiff, P J Dahlberg, S Forman, S J McCall, A R Horning, S J Nademanee, A P Blume, K G LeBlanc, M Fisher, R I J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 January; 16(1): 48-55 0732-183X

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Autologous bone marrow transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: effect of a brief course of G-CSF on harvest and recovery. Author(s): Chair and Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Morphological Research and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital, Udine, Italy. Source: Damiani, D Grimaz, S Infanti, L Sperotto, A Silvestri, F Geromin, A Cerno, M Savignano, C Michieli, M Skert, C Fanin, R Baccarani, M Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 October; 24(7): 757-61 0268-3369

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Autologous stem cell transplantation for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in first complete or partial remission: a retrospective analysis of the outcome of 52 patients according to the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index. Author(s): Department of Medical and Morphological Research, University Hospital, Udine, Italy. Source: Fanin, R Silvestri, F Geromin, A Infanti, L Sperotto, A Cerno, M Stocchi, R Savignano, C Rinaldi, C Damiani, D Baccarani, M Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1998 February; 21(3): 263-71 0268-3369

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Autologous stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: the role of graft purging and radiotherapy posttransplantation--results of a retrospective analysis on 120 patients autografted in a single institution. Author(s): Service des Maladies du Sang, and Etablissement de transfusion Sanguine Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. [email protected] Source: Fouillard, L Laporte, J P Labopin, M Lesage, S Isnard, F Douay, L Lopez, M Aoudjhane, M Zunic, P Cheron, N Stachowiak, J Lemonnier, M P Andreu, G Belkacemi, Y Noel Walter, M P Morel, P Fenaux, P Jouet, J P Bauters, F Najman, A Gorin, N C JClin-Oncol. 1998 August; 16(8): 2803-16 0732-183X

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Bendamustine in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results and future perspectives. Author(s): Department of Hamatologie/Onkologie, Medizinische Universitatsklinik, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Source: Rummel, Mathias J Mitrou, Paris S Hoelzer, Dieter Semin-Oncol. 2002 August; 29(4 Suppl 13): 27-32 0093-7754

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CEOP-B/VIMB vs. promace-CytaBOM in the treatment of intermediate or high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A randomised multicenter study of Southern Italy Cooperative Group. Author(s): Oncology Institute, Bari, Italy. Source: Lorusso, V Palmieri, G Bianco, A R Abate, G Catalano, G De Vita, F Dammacco, F Lauta, V M Lucarelli, G Polimeno, G Mantovani, G D'Aprile, M Marzullo, F De Lena, M Int-J-Oncol. 2000 January; 16(1): 149-54 1019-6439

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Chemotherapy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Medicine, A. o. Krankenhaus Linz, Austria. Source: Fridrik, M A Geit, M Wahl, G Ehrengruber, A Simma, R Hopfel, I Bettelheim, P Leisch, F Wien-Klin-Wochenschr. 1998 January 16; 110(1): 15-9 0043-5325

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Chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11), a topoisomerase-I inhibitor, for refractory and relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. [email protected] Source: Takagi, T Saotome, T Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 August; 42(4): 577-86 1042-8194

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Chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Mabthera) in remission induction and maintenance treatment of relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase III randomized clinical trial--Intergroup Collaborative Study. Author(s): Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected] Source: Van Oers, M H Hagenbeek, A Van Glabbeke, M Teodorovic, I Ann-Hematol. 2002 October; 81(10): 553-7 0939-5555

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CHOP chemotherapy with preemptive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a dose-intensity analysis. Author(s): North Shore Cancer Center, Peabody, MA 01960, USA. [email protected] Source: Jacobson, J O Grossbard, M Shulman, L N Neuberg, D Clin-Lymphoma. 2000 December; 1(3): 211-7; discussion 218 1526-9655

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CHOP is the standard regimen in patients > or = 70 years of age with intermediategrade and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Study Group. Author(s): Division of Medical Oncology and AIDS, Aviano Cancer Center, Italy. [email protected] Source: Tirelli, U Errante, D Van Glabbeke, M Teodorovic, I Kluin Nelemans, J C Thomas, J Bron, D Rosti, G Somers, R Zagonel, V Noordijk, E M J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 January; 16(1): 27-34 0732-183X

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CHOP versus CHOP plus ESHAP and high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for high-intermediate-risk and high-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. [email protected] Source: Intragumtornchai, T Prayoonwiwat, W Numbenjapon, T Assawametha, N O'Charoen, R Swasdikul, D Clin-Lymphoma. 2000 December; 1(3): 219-25 1526-9655

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CNOP for diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the Nebraska lymphoma study group experience. Author(s): Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-7680, USA. [email protected] Source: Vose, J M Weisenburger, D D Lynch, J C Bierman, P J Chan, J C Bast, M Aoun, P Bociek, G Greiner, T Armitage, J O Leuk-Lymphoma. 2002 April; 43(4): 799-804 10428194

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Coexistence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment. Author(s): Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Muenster, Germany. Source: Rothenburger, M Semik, M Hoffmeier, A Baba, H Kamanabrou, D Roos, N Schmidt, C Scheld, H H Thorac-Cardiovasc-Surg. 2002 February; 50(1): 59-61 0171-6425

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Combination chemotherapy with mitoguazon, ifosfamide, MTX, etoposide (MIME) and G-CSF can efficiently mobilize PBPC in patients with Hodgkin's and nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo. Source: Aurlien, E Holte, H Pharo, A Kvaloy, S Jakobsen, E Smeland, E B Kvalheim, G Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1998 May; 21(9): 873-8 0268-3369

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Combination therapy with irinotecan (CPT-11), mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a pilot study. Author(s): First Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Japan. [email protected] Source: Niitsu, N Iijima, K Chizuka, A Ann-Hematol. 2001 July; 80(7): 411-6 0939-5555

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Comparative study of low-dose oral granisetron plus dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by CHOP-therapy in young patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Source: Numbenjapon, T Sriswasdi, C Mongkonsritragoon, W Leelasiri, A Prayoonwiwat, W J-Med-Assoc-Thai. 2002 November; 85(11): 1156-63 0125-2208

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Continuous infusion of vincristine-doxorubicin with bolus of dexamethasone(VAD) alternated with CHEP in the treatment of patients over 60 years old with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Hematology of Tours, France. [email protected] Source: Cartron, G Voillat, L Desablens, B Le Maignan, C Milpied, N Foussard, C Dugay, J Maakaroun, A De Muret, A Colombat, P Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 February; 40(5-6): 529-40 1042-8194

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Delivery of full dose CHOP chemotherapy to elderly patients with aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma without G-CSF support. Author(s): Division of Medical Oncology/Haematology, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada. Source: Campbell, C Sawka, C Franssen, E Berinstein, N L Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 September; 35(1-2): 119-27 1042-8194

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DNA flow cytometry of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: correlation with cytologic grade and clinical relapse. Author(s): Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Source: Saikia, U N Dey, P Vohra, H Gupta, S K Diagn-Cytopathol. 2000 March; 22(3): 152-6 8755-1039

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Downbeat nystagmus caused by thiamine deficiency: an unusual presentation of CNS localization of large cell anaplastic CD 30-positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Medicine, St. Joseph Hospital, Veldhoven, The Netherlands. Source: Mulder, A H Raemaekers, J M Boerman, R H Mattijssen, V Ann-Hematol. 1999 February; 78(2): 105-7 0939-5555

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ESHAP as salvage therapy for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Taiwan experience. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan. Source: Wang, W S Chiou, T J Liu, J H Fan, F S Yen, C C Tung, S L Chen, P M Jpn-J-ClinOncol. 1999 January; 29(1): 33-7 0368-2811

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Experience with 9-cis retinoic acid in patients with relapsed and refractory nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. [email protected] Source: Younes, A Cristofanilli, M McLaughlin, P Hagemeister, F B Weber, D Mesina, O Cabanillas, F Leuk-Lymphoma. 2000 December; 40(1-2): 79-85 1042-8194

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Exposure to pesticides as risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia: pooled analysis of two Swedish case-control studies. Author(s): Department of Oncology, Orebro University Hospital, Sweden. [email protected] Source: Hardell, L Eriksson, M Nordstrom, M Leuk-Lymphoma. 2002 May; 43(5): 1043-9 1042-8194

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Expression of p53 predicts treatment failure in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, and the Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, Winnipeg, Canada. Source: Navaratnam, S Williams, G J Rubinger, M Pettigrew, N M Mowat, M R Begleiter, A Johnston, J B Leuk-Lymphoma. 1998 March; 29(1-2): 139-44 1042-8194

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Full-dose CHOP chemotherapy combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in elderly patients: a prospective study. Author(s): Department of Hematology and Internal Medicine IV, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Japan. [email protected] Source: Niitsu, N Iijima, K Ann-Hematol. 2001 October; 80(10): 602-6 0939-5555

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in induction treatment of children with nonHodgkin's lymphoma: a randomized study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [email protected] Source: Patte, C Laplanche, A Bertozzi, A I Baruchel, A Frappaz, D Schmitt, C Mechinaud, F Nelken, B Boutard, P Michon, J J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 January 15; 20(2): 441-8 0732-183X

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High incidence of chemotherapy-induced acral erythema in female patients with nonHodgkin's lymphoma treated with the VACOP-B regimen. Author(s): Department of Medicine III, Osaka University Medical School, Japan. Source: Ogawa, H Sugiyama, H Tani, Y Soma, T Yamagami, T Tatekawa, T Oji, Y Kubota, T Kimura, T Inoue, K Nakagawa, M Sasaki, K Matsunashi, T Miyake, S Kishimoto, T Leuk-Lymphoma. 1998 March; 29(1-2): 171-7 1042-8194

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High-dose chemotherapy with BUCY or BEAC and unpurged peripheral blood stem cell infusion in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Clinical Research Division of Response Oncology, Inc, Memphis, TN 98122, USA. Source: Weaver, C H Schwartzberg, L Rhinehart, S West, J Zhen, B West, W H Buckner, C D Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1998 February; 21(4): 383-9 0268-3369

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High-dose intensity cyclophosphamide, epidoxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone by shortened intervals and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase II study. Author(s): Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale S. Andrea, Loc Felettino, La Spezia, Italy. Source: Pronzato, P Lionetto, R Botto, F Pensa, F Tognoni, A Br-J-Cancer. 1998 September; 78(6): 777-80 0007-0920

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High-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy for high-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term analysis and future developments. Author(s): Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Div. Universitaria di Ematologia, Torino, Italy. [email protected] Source: Tarella, C Cuttica, A Caracciolo, D Zallio, F Ricca, I Bergui, L Gavarotti, P Marinone, C Pagano, M Rossi, G de Crescenzo, A Salomone, A Ladetto, M Boccadoro, M Pileri, A Ann-Hematol. 2001; 80 Suppl 3: B123-6 0939-5555

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High-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated in northern Norway--treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors. Author(s): Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Tromso, Norway. [email protected] Source: Bremnes, R M Bremnes, Y Donnem, T Acta-Oncol. 1999; 38(1): 117-24 0284-186X

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HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: CHOP induction therapy and interferonalpha-2b/zidovudine maintenance therapy. Author(s): Stadtische Kliniken Offenbach, Germany. Source: Weiss, R Huhn, D Mitrou, P Nerl, C Schurmann, D Scheidegger, C Knauf, W Trenn, G Kronawitter, U Van Lunzen, J Arasteh, K Herbst, H Leuk-Lymphoma. 1998 March; 29(1-2): 103-18 1042-8194

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Immunochemotherapy in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. Source: Czuczman, Myron S Semin-Oncol. 2002 April; 29(2 Suppl 6): 11-7 0093-7754

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Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients with systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hematology and Transfusion Service, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Source: Baiocchi, Otavio C G Colleoni, Gisele W B Navajas, Eduardo V Duarte, Luiz Claudio C Alves, Antonio C Andrade, Ana Lucia S S Kerbauy, Jose Oliveira, Jose Salvador R Acta-Oncol. 2002; 41(2): 192-6 0284-186X

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Improved cure rate in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and stage IV B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL)--results of the UKCCSG 9003 protocol. Author(s): Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust/Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK. Source: Atra, A Gerrard, M Hobson, R Imeson, J D Ashley, S Pinkerton, C R Br-J-Cancer. 1998 June; 77(12): 2281-5 0007-0920

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In vitro testing of calcium channel blockers and cytotoxic chemotherapy in B-cell lowgrade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): ICRF Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK. Source: Shamash, J Salam, A H Davies, D C Williams, A Joel, S Lister, T A Br-J-Cancer. 1998 May; 77(10): 1598-603 0007-0920

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Incidence of post transplant myelodysplasia/acute leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients compared with Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing autologous transplantation following cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV). Author(s): Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Farber Cancer Institute, MA, USA. Source: Wheeler, C Khurshid, A Ibrahim, J Elias, A Mauch, P Ault, K Antin, J LeukLymphoma. 2001 February; 40(5-6): 499-509 1042-8194

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Intensive chemotherapy with hematopoietic cell transplantation after ESHAP therapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results of a single-centre study of 65 patients. Author(s): Department of Hematology, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Source: Soussain, C Souleau, B Gabarre, J Zouabi, H Sutton, L Boccaccio, C Albin, N Charlotte, F Merle Beral, H Delort, J Binet, J L Leblond, V Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 May; 33(5-6): 543-50 1042-8194

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Intensive dose ifosfamide and etoposide with G-CSF for stem cell mobilization in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. Source: Donato, M L Champlin, R E Van Besien, K W Korbling, M Cabanillas, F Anderlini, P Gajewski, J G Lauppe, J Durett, A Andersson, B Giralt, S Khouri, I Hagemeister, F Romaguera, J E Sarris, A McLaughlin, P Younes, A Ippoliti, C Blamble, D A Hester, J Gee, A Rodriguez, M A Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 October; 35(3-4): 317-24 1042-8194

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Irinotecan in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. [email protected] Source: Sarris, A H Romaguera, J Hagemeister, F B Rodriguez, M A McLaughlin, P Pro, B Younes, A Mesina, O Cabanillas, F Medeiros, L J Samuels, B Oncology-(Huntingt). 2001 July; 15(7 Suppl 8): 53-6 0890-9091

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Irinotecan in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Indications of activity in a phase II trial. Author(s): Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA. [email protected] Source: Sarris, A H Phan, A Goy, A Romaguera, J Hagemeister, F B Rodriguez, M A McLaughlin, P Pro, B Medeiros, L J Samuels, B Mesina, O Bleyer, A W Cabanillas, F Oncology-(Huntingt). 2002 Aug; 16(8 Suppl 7): 27-31 0890-9091

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Iron-oxide-enhanced MR imaging of bone marrow in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: differentiation between tumor infiltration and hypercellular bone marrow. Author(s): Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. [email protected] Source: Daldrup Link, Heike E Rummeny, Ernst J Ihssen, Bettina Kienast, Joachim Link, Thomas M Eur-Radiol. 2002 June; 12(6): 1557-66 0938-7994

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Long term follow-up of CEOP in the treatment of HIV related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Author(s): Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW. Source: Davis, A J Goldstein, D Milliken, S Aust-N-Z-J-Med. 1998 February; 28(1): 28-32 0004-8291

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MACOP-B regimen followed by involved-field radiation therapy in early-stage aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: 14-year update results. Author(s): Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Italy. [email protected] Source: Zinzani, P L Stefoni, V Tani, M Barbieri, E Albertini, P Vigna, E Gherlinzoni, F Alinari, L Galuppi, A Pileri, S Babini, L Tura, S Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 Sep-October; 42(5): 989-95 1042-8194

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Maintenance of remission with human recombinant interferon alfa-2a in patients with stages III and IV low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group. Author(s): The Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected] Source: Hagenbeek, A Carde, P Meerwaldt, J H Somers, R Thomas, J De Bock, R Raemaekers, J M van Hoof, A De Wolf Peeters, C van Glabbeke, M J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 January; 16(1): 41-7 0732-183X

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Mobilisation of peripheral blood stem cells with IVE and G-CSF improves CD34+ cell yields and engraftment in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. Source: McQuaker, I Haynes, A Stainer, C Byrne, J Russell, N Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 October; 24(7): 715-22 0268-3369

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Neutropenic infections in 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose BEAM chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: out-patient treatment is a viable option. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Source: Seropian, S Nadkarni, R Jillella, A P Salloum, E Burtness, B Hu, G L Zelterman, D Cooper, D L Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 Mar; 23(6): 599-605 0268-3369

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma followed by plasmacytoma, both arising in A thyroid gland with Hashimoto's disease. Author(s): Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan. Source: Hasegawa, Y Itoh, T Tamagawa, Y Komeno, T Kojima, H Ninomiya, H Yatabe, Y Mori, N Nagasawa, T Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 November; 35(5-6): 613-8 1042-8194

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following untreated essential thrombocythemia. Author(s): Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain. Source: Hernandez Boluda, J C Cervantes, F Alvarez, A Lopez Guillermo, A Montserrat, E Leuk-Lymphoma. 2000 January; 36(3-4): 421-3 1042-8194

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Author(s): Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan. [email protected] Source: Sasai, K Yamabe, H Dodo, Y Kashii, S Nagata, Y Hiraoka, M Acta-Oncol. 2001; 40(4): 485-90 0284-186X

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid and adrenal glands. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea. Source: Lee, D H Park, J H Lee, J J Chung, I J Chung, D J Chung, M Y Lee, T H Korean-JIntern-Med. 2000 January; 15(1): 76-80 0494-4712

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma protocols in the treatment of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma: a report on 58 patients. Author(s): Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Dept of Hematology/Oncology, Germany. [email protected] Source: Kaiser, U Uebelacker, I Havemann, K Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 December; 36(1-2): 101-8 1042-8194

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Occurrence of sarcoidosis subsequent to chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: report of two cases. Author(s): Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Hospitalstr. 3, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. [email protected] Source: Kornacker, M Kraemer, A Leo, E Ho, A D Ann-Hematol. 2002 February; 81(2): 103-5 0939-5555

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Patterns of chemotherapy administration in patients with intermediate-grade nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Section of Hematology/Oncology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98111, USA. [email protected] Source: Picozzi, V J Pohlman, B L Morrison, V A Lawless, G D Lee, M W Kerr, R O Ford, J M Delgado, D J Fridman, M Carter, W B Oncology-(Huntingt). 2001 October; 15(10): 1296-306; discussion 1310-1, 1314 0890-9091

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Phase II study of paclitaxel in combination with mitoxantrone and ifosfamide/mesna for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after failure to cytarabine/cisplatin combination. Author(s): Department of Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston 77030, USA. Source: Romaguera, J E Rodriguez, M A Hagemeister, F B McLaughlin, P Rodriguez, J Preti, A Younes, A Sarris, A H Cabanillas, F Invest-New-Drugs. 1999; 17(2): 187-92 01676997

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Phase II study of sequential topotecan and etoposide in patients with intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study. Author(s): Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada. [email protected] Source: Crump, M Couban, S Meyer, R Rudinskas, L Zanke, B Gluck, S Maksymiuk, A Hoskins, P Matthews, S Eisenhauer, E Leuk-Lymphoma. 2002 August; 43(8): 1581-7 1042-8194

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast. Author(s): Methodist Regional Cancer Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA. Source: Lands, R H Tenn-Med. 1998 July; 91(7): 283 1088-6222

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gall bladder. Author(s): 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece. Source: Mitropoulos, F A Angelopoulou, M K Siakantaris, M P Rassidakis, G Vayiopoulos, G A Papalampros, E Kalovidouris, A Pangalis, G A Leuk-Lymphoma. 2000 December; 40(1-2): 123-31 1042-8194

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Pulmonary toxicity after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-combined chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Source: Yokose, N Ogata, K Tamura, H An, E Nakamura, K Kamikubo, K Kudoh, S Dan, K Nomura, T Br-J-Cancer. 1998 June; 77(12): 2286-90 0007-0920

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Randomized phase III study of fludarabine phosphate versus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone in patients with recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma previously treated with an alkylating agent or alkylator-containing regimen. Author(s): Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. [email protected] Source: Klasa, R J Meyer, R M Shustik, C Sawka, C A Smith, A Guevin, R Maksymiuk, A Rubinger, M Samosh, M Laplante, S Grenier, J F J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 December 15; 20(24): 4649-54 0732-183X

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Randomized trial of peripheral blood progenitor cell vs bone marrow as hematopoietic support for high-dose chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: a clinical and molecular analysis. Author(s): Division of Hematology Oncology, Lymphoma Unit, Tupper Research Institute, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Source: Kanteti, R Miller, K McCann, J Roitman, D Morelli, J Hurley, C Berkman, E Schenkein, D Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 September; 24(5): 473-81 0268-3369

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Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) following high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue in high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical benefits at no extra cost. Author(s): CRC Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK. Source: Lee, S M Radford, J A Dobson, L Huq, T Ryder, W D Pettengell, R Morgenstern, G R Scarffe, J H Crowther, D Br-J-Cancer. 1998 April; 77(8): 1294-9 0007-0920

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Remarkable response to rituximab in a 72-year-old patient with refractory nonHodgkin's lymphoma and marrow aplasia. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Hospitalstr. 3, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. Source: Egerer, G Sauerland, K Ho, A D Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 July; 42(3): 551-3 10428194

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Risk factors for treatment-related death in elderly patients with aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma: results of a multivariate analysis. Author(s): Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru. Source: Gomez, H Hidalgo, M Casanova, L Colomer, R Pen, D L Otero, J Rodriguez, W Carracedo, C Cortes Funes, H Vallejos, C J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 June; 16(6): 2065-9 0732183X

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Rituximab in combination with CHOP improves survival in elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Service d'Hematologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, France. Source: Coiffier, Bertrand Tumori. 2002 Jan-February; 88(1 Suppl 1): S26-8 0300-8916

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Role of interferon alfa-2b in the induction and maintenance treatment of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results from a prospective, multicenter trial with double randomization. Author(s): Haematology and Clinical Epidemiology Services, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain. [email protected] Source: Arranz, R Garcia Alfonso, P Sobrino, P Zamora, P Carrion, R Garcia Larana, J Perez, G Lopez, J Lavilla, E Lozano, M Rayon, C Colomer, R Baron, M G Flores, E Perez Manga, G Fernandez Ranada, J M J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 April; 16(4): 1538-46 0732-183X

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Second lung adenocarcinoma after combination chemotherapy in two patients with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Yamaguchi Prefecture Central Hospital, Hofu, Japan. Source: Yamada, T Shinohara, K Takeda, K Kameda, N Katsuki, K Ariyoshi, K Kamei, T Jpn-J-Clin-Oncol. 1999 April; 29(4): 226-8 0368-2811

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Staging and monitoring response to treatment in primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone marrow using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Author(s): Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Source: Matthies, A Schuster, S J Alavi, A Clin-Lymphoma. 2001 March; 1(4): 303-6; discussion 307 1526-9655

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Tandem transplant of peripheral blood stem cells for patients with poor-prognosis Hodgkins's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Institut d'Hematologie, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. Source: Fitoussi, O Simon, D Brice, P Makke, J Scrobohaci, M L Bibi Triki, T Hennequin, C Ferme, C Gisselbrecht, C Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 October; 24(7): 747-55 02683369

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T-cell-rich B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Institute of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University of Berne, Switzerland. Source: Battig, B Mueller Garamvoelgyi, E Cogliatti, S B Schmid, U Kappeler, A Cerny, T Laissue, J A Fey, M F Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 April; 33(3-4): 393-8 1042-8194

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Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and its relationship with tumor growth in B cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Author(s): Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Sheffield Medical School, UK. [email protected] Source: Jones, E A Pringle, J H Angel, C A Rees, R C Leuk-Lymphoma. 2002 June; 43(6): 1313-21 1042-8194

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The consequences of treatment and disease in patients with primary CNS nonHodgkin's lymphoma: cognitive function and performance status. North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Author(s): Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 SW First St., Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Source: O'Neill, B P Wang, C H O'Fallon, J R Colgan, J P Earle, J D Krigel, R L Brown, L D McGinnis, W J Neuro-oncol. 1999 July; 1(3): 196-203 1522-8517

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The effect of optimal treatment on elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: more patients treated with unaffected response rates. Author(s): Maasland Hospital Sittard, University Hospital Maastricht, Department of Internal Medicine, The Netherlands. [email protected] Source: Peters, F P Fickers, M M Erdkamp, F L Wals, J Wils, J A Schouten, H C AnnHematol. 2001 July; 80(7): 406-10 0939-5555

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The role of mitoxantrone in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 681986545, USA. Source: Armitage, J O Oncology-(Huntingt). 2002 April; 16(4): 490-502, 507-8; discussion 511-2, 514 0890-9091

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The role of molecular monitoring in autotransplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Oncology, Transplant and Advances in Medicine - Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Italy. Source: Galimberti, S Marasca, R Caracciolo, F Fazzi, R Papineschi, F Benedetti, E Guerrini, F Morabito, F Oliva, E Di Renzo, N Federico, M Petrini, M Torelli, G BoneMarrow-Transplant. 2002 April; 29(7): 581-7 0268-3369

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The role of topoisomerase-I inhibitors in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Source: Cabanillas, F Semin-Hematol. 1999 October; 36(4 Suppl 8): 11-5 0037-1963

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Tobacco, alcohol, diet and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-control study in Uruguay. Author(s): Registro Nacional de Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Oncologia, Montevideo, Uruguay. Source: De Stefani, E Fierro, L Barrios, E Ronco, A Leuk-Res. 1998 May; 22(5): 445-52 0145-2126

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Treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with dose-intensified epirubicin in combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CEOP-100): a phase II study. Author(s): Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute, University of Istanbul, Turkey. Source: Basaran, M Bavbek, E S Sakar, B Eralp, Y Alici, S Tas, F Yaman, F Dogan O, O Camlica, H Onat, H Am-J-Clin-Oncol. 2001 December; 24(6): 570-5 0277-3732

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Treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hospices Civils de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard, France. Source: Coiffier, B Semin-Oncol. 1999 October; 26(5 Suppl 14): 12-20 0093-7754

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Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. The Italian studies. Author(s): Unit of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Vittorio Veneto. Source: Salvagno, Luigi Errante, Domenico Bianco, Antonio Palmisano, Valentina Ballerini, Ferruccio Boccalon, Massimo Aversa, Savina Monfardini, Silvio Tumori. 2002 Jan-February; 88(1 Suppl 1): S20-5 0300-8916

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Treatment of patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma aged over 70 years with an all-oral regimen combining idarubicin, etoposide and alkylators. Author(s): Division of Hematology, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy. Source: Morra, E Gargantini, L Nosari, A Barbarano, L Pungolino, E Santoleri, L Bernuzzi, P Crit-Rev-Oncol-Hematol. 2000 August; 35(2): 95-100 1040-8428

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Tumour cell proliferation, but not apoptosis, predicts survival in B-cell nonHodgkin's lymphomas. Author(s): Department of Biophysics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello. Source: Stokke, T Smeland, E B Kvaloy, S Holte, H Br-J-Cancer. 1998 June; 77(11): 183941 0007-0920

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Two cases of fatal bleomycin pneumonitis complicating the treatment of nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. Source: Bloor, A J Seale, J R Marcus, R E Clin-Lab-Haematol. 1998 April; 20(2): 119-21 0141-9854

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Uncommon sites of presentation of hematologic malignancies. Case 1: localized primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the patella. Author(s): Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Grosse Pointe, MI, USA. Source: Chandra, A Eilender, D J-Clin-Oncol. 1999 May; 17(5): 1640-2 0732-183X

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Unusual sites of involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Case 2. Isolated meningeal anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Author(s): Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France. Source: Aloulou, S Bosq, J Vanel, D Ribrag, V J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 November 1; 20(21): 4395-7 0732-183X

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VACOP-B versus VACOP-B plus autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial by the non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cooperative Study Group. Author(s): Department of Haematology, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy. [email protected] Source: Santini, G Salvagno, L Leoni, P Chisesi, T De Souza, C Sertoli, M R Rubagotti, A Congiu, A M Centurioni, R Olivieri, A Tedeschi, L Vespignani, M Nati, S Soracco, M Porcellini, A Contu, A Guarnaccia, C Pescosta, N Majolino, I Spriano, M Vimercati, R Rossi, E Zambaldi, G Mangoni, L Rizzoli, V et al. J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 August; 16(8): 2796802 0732-183X

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

MEDICINE

AND

NON-

Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: •

18-FDG-PET as a prognostic indicator in the treatment of aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma-comparison with CT. Author(s): Mikhaeel NG, Timothy AR, O'Doherty MJ, Hain S, Maisey MN. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 November; 39(5-6): 543-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11342337&dopt=Abstract

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A case of treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jang GD, Kim SW, Suh CW, Kim EK, Bahng HS, Jeong YH, Park IG, Kim WK, Kim SH, Suh EJ, Park CJ, Ji HS, Lee JS. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2002 August; 17(4): 555-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12172056&dopt=Abstract

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A phase I/II trial of paclitaxel for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma followed by paclitaxel plus quinine in drug-resistant disease. Author(s): Miller TP, Chase EM, Dorr R, Dalton WS, Lam KS, Salmon SE. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 1998 February; 9(2): 135-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9510499&dopt=Abstract

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A phase II multicenter trial of high-dose sequential chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation as initial therapy for patients with high-risk nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Schenkein DP, Roitman D, Miller KB, Morelli J, Stadtmauer E, Pecora AL, Cassileth P, Fernandez H, Cooper BW, Kutteh L, Lazarus HM. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 1997 October; 3(4): 210-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9360783&dopt=Abstract

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Activity of single agent vinorelbine in pretreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Balzarotti M, Santoro A, Tondini C, Fornier M, Bonadonna G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1996 November; 7(9): 970-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9006750&dopt=Abstract

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Acute promyelocytic leukemia after treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with drugs targeting topoisomerase II. Author(s): De Renzo A, Santoro LF, Notaro R, Pane F, Buonaiuto MR, Luciano L, Rotoli B. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1999 April; 60(4): 300-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10203104&dopt=Abstract

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AgNORs predictive value of prognosis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to the Kiel classification. Author(s): Jakic-Razumovic J, Petrovecki M, Dominis M. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 1995 February; 8(2): 143-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7777474&dopt=Abstract

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Bendamustine in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results and future perspectives. Author(s): Rummel MJ, Mitrou PS, Hoelzer D. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 2002 August; 29(4 Suppl 13): 27-32. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12170430&dopt=Abstract

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Biodistribution and dosimetry results from a phase III prospectively randomized controlled trial of Zevalin radioimmunotherapy for low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

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Author(s): Wiseman GA, White CA, Sparks RB, Erwin WD, Podoloff DA, Lamonica D, Bartlett NL, Parker JA, Dunn WL, Spies SM, Belanger R, Witzig TE, Leigh BR. Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2001 July-August; 39(1-2): 181-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11418315&dopt=Abstract •

Case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women and heterosexual men in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Author(s): Holly EA, Lele C, Bracci PM, McGrath MS. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 August 15; 150(4): 375-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10453814&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11), a topoisomerase-I inhibitor, for refractory and relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Takagi T, Saotome T. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 August; 42(4): 577-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697485&dopt=Abstract

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Chromosome painting as a supplement to cytogenetic banding analysis in nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bajalica S, Sorensen AG, Pedersen NT, Heim S, Brondum-Nielsen K. Source: Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer. 1993 August; 7(4): 231-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7692950&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical role of Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ohta M, Isobe K, Kuyama J, Uchida Y, Nakano K, Goto S, Uno T, Yasuda S, Shigematsu N, Kawata T, Kitahara H, Ito H. Source: Oncol Rep. 2001 July-August; 8(4): 841-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11410795&dopt=Abstract

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Combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and adriamycin for refractory and relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Saotome T, Takagi T, Sakai C, Kumagai K, Tamaru J. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 January; 11(1): 115-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10690400&dopt=Abstract

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Combination therapy with irinotecan (CPT-11), mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a pilot study. Author(s): Niitsu N, Iijima K, Chizuka A. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001 July; 80(7): 411-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11529467&dopt=Abstract

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Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Rodriguez M. Source: Acta Radiologica. Supplementum. 1998; 417: 1-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9645167&dopt=Abstract

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Cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin, etoposide (CEOPBE) therapy for intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Author(s): Mugitani A, Tatsumi Y, Tanaka K, Yasui Y, Inoue T. Source: Anticancer Res. 1999 July-August; 19(4C): 3393-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10629625&dopt=Abstract

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Dose-intensive ifosfamide for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vose JM. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1996 June; 23(3 Suppl 6): 33-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8677446&dopt=Abstract

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Early restaging gallium scans predict outcome in poor-prognosis patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with high-dose CHOP chemotherapy. Author(s): Janicek M, Kaplan W, Neuberg D, Canellos GP, Shulman LN, Shipp MA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 April; 15(4): 1631-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9193363&dopt=Abstract

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Early restaging positron emission tomography with ( 18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose predicts outcome in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Vandenberghe P, Thomas J, de Groot T, Balzarini J, De Wolf-Peeters C, Mortelmans L, Verhoef G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 September; 13(9): 1356-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12196360&dopt=Abstract

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Effective therapy for poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 8 weeks of highdose-intensity combination chemotherapy. Author(s): Waits TM, Greco FA, Greer JP, Johnson DH, Wolff SN, Stein RS, McMaster ML, Hainsworth JD. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1993 May; 11(5): 943-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7683712&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of thymostimulin with combination chemotherapy in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A report from the Italian Lymphoma Study Group (GISL). Author(s): Federico M, Gobbi PG, Moretti G, Avanzini P, Di Renzo N, Cavanna L, Ascari E, Silingardi V.

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Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 1995 February; 18(1): 8-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7847265&dopt=Abstract •

Evaluation of combretastatin A-4 prodrug in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenograft model: preclinical efficacy. Author(s): Nabha SM, Mohammad RM, Wall NR, Dutcher JA, Salkini BM, Pettit GR, AlKatib AM. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2001 January; 12(1): 57-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11272287&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of long-term daily administration of oral low-dose etoposide in elderly patients with relapsing or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Niitsu N, Umeda M. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 1997 June; 20(3): 311-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9167761&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of treatment response in patients with lymphoma using [18F]FDG-PET: differences between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Spaepen K, Mortelmans L. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 2001 September; 45(3): 269-73. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11788819&dopt=Abstract

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F-18 FDG positron emission tomography demonstrates resolution of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parotid gland in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome: before and after anti-CD20 antibody rituximab therapy. Author(s): Shih WJ, Ghesani N, Hongming Z, Alavi A, Schusper S, Mozley D. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 February; 27(2): 142-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11786752&dopt=Abstract

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False-positive F-18 FDG gamma camera positron emission tomographic imaging resulting from inflammation of an anterior mediastinal mass in a patient with nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Yoon SN, Park CH, Kim MK, Hwang KH, Kim S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 May; 26(5): 461-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11317035&dopt=Abstract

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False-positive immunoreactivity with muscle-specific actins in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Author(s): Sheehan M, O'Briain DS.

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Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1995 March; 119(3): 225-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7887775&dopt=Abstract •

Feasibility and efficacy of high-dose etoposide followed by low-dose G-CSF as a mobilization regimen in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ashihara E, Shimazaki C, Okano A, Hatsuse M, Inaba T, Nakagawa M. Source: Haematologica. 2000 October; 85(10): 1112-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11025616&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium scan in the evaluation of post chemotherapy mediastinal residual masses of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ulusakarya A, Lumbroso J, Casiraghi O, Koscielny S, Vantelon JM, Girinsky T, Tardivon A, Bourhis JH, Dartevelle P, Pico JL, Munck JN. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 November; 35(5-6): 579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609795&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation versus dexamethasone, cisplatin, and cytarabine in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with partial response to front-line chemotherapy: a prospective randomized italian multicenter study. Author(s): Martelli M, Vignetti M, Zinzani PL, Gherlinzoni F, Meloni G, Fiacchini M, De Sanctis V, Papa G, Martelli MF, Calabresi F, Tura S, Mandelli F. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1996 February; 14(2): 534-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8636768&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose etoposide treatment for CNS involvement in a patient with primary nonHodgkin's lymphoma of the breast. Author(s): Kohara H, Ueoka H, Tabata M, Shinagawa K, Hayashi K, Harada M. Source: Intern Med. 1997 October; 36(10): 738-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9372339&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy for high-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term analysis and future developments. Author(s): Tarella C, Cuttica A, Caracciolo D, Zallio F, Ricca I, Bergui L, Gavarotti P, Marinone C, Pagano M, Rossi G, de Crescenzo A, Salomone A, Ladetto M, Boccadoro M, Pileri A. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001; 80 Suppl 3: B123-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11757693&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in first complete remission for adult patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the EBMT experience. Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation.

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Author(s): Sweetenham JW, Proctor SJ, Blaise D, De Laurenzi A, Pearce R, Taghipour G, Goldstone AH, Laurenzi A [corrected to De Laurenzi A. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1994; 5 Suppl 2: 155-9. Erratum In: Ann Oncol 1994 May; 5(5): 475. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7515646&dopt=Abstract •

Increased serum soluble Fas ligand associated with recurrent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Author(s): Kanda Y, Chiba S, Tanaka Y, Kami M, Saito T, Izutsu K, Asai T, Yuji K, Ogawa S, Honda H, Mitani K, Usuki K, Urabe A, Shirakawa K, Yatomi T, Nakamura N, Yazaki Y, Hirai H. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 August; 34(5-6): 625-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10492090&dopt=Abstract

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Inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of endothelial and tumor cell apoptosis by green tea in animal models of human high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Bertolini F, Fusetti L, Rabascio C, Cinieri S, Martinelli G, Pruneri G. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2000 August; 14(8): 1477-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10942245&dopt=Abstract

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Irinotecan in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Sarris AH, Romaguera J, Hagemeister FB, Rodriguez MA, McLaughlin P, Pro B, Younes A, Mesina O, Cabanillas F, Medeiros LJ, Samuels B. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 2001 July; 15(7 Suppl 8): 53-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11497233&dopt=Abstract

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Irinotecan in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Indications of activity in a phase II trial. Author(s): Sarris AH, Phan A, Goy A, Romaguera J, Hagemeister FB, Rodriguez MA, McLaughlin P, Pro B, Medeiros LJ, Samuels B, Mesina O, Bleyer AW, Cabanillas F. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 2002 August; 16(8 Suppl 7): 27-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12199630&dopt=Abstract

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Iron-oxide-enhanced MR imaging of bone marrow in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: differentiation between tumor infiltration and hypercellular bone marrow. Author(s): Daldrup-Link HE, Rummeny EJ, Ihssen B, Kienast J, Link TM. Source: European Radiology. 2002 June; 12(6): 1557-66. Epub 2002 February 05. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12042968&dopt=Abstract

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Lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in a patient with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and elevated circulating TNF-alpha. Author(s): Durig J, Fiedler W, de Wit M, Steffen M, Hossfeld DK.

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Source: Annals of Hematology. 1996 February; 72(2): 97-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8597616&dopt=Abstract •

Liposomal vincristine in relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: early results of an ongoing phase II trial. Author(s): Sarris AH, Hagemeister F, Romaguera J, Rodriguez MA, McLaughlin P, Tsimberidou AM, Medeiros LJ, Samuels B, Pate O, Oholendt M, Kantarjian H, Burge C, Cabanillas F. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 January; 11(1): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10690390&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up of residual mediastinal-hilar Ga-67 uptake after treatment for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: what degree of Ga-67 uptake is significant? Author(s): Nikpoor N, Aliabadi P, Diaz L, Mannting F. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2000 December; 25(12): 959-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11129161&dopt=Abstract

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Metabolic response of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to 131I-anti-B1 radioimmunotherapy: evaluation with FDG PET. Author(s): Torizuka T, Zasadny KR, Kison PV, Rommelfanger SG, Kaminski MS, Wahl RL. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 June; 41(6): 999-1005. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10855624&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilization of peripheral-blood progenitor cells with high-dose etoposide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Copelan EA, Ceselski SK, Ezzone SA, Lasky LC, Penza SL, Bechtel TP, Klein JL, Hehmeyer DM, Scholl MD, Marshall DD, Elder PJ, Risley GL, Avalos BR. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 February; 15(2): 759-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9053502&dopt=Abstract

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Monitoring bulky mediastinal disease with gallium-67, CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging in Hodgkin's disease and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Zompatori M, Bendandi M, Battista G, Fanti S, Barbieri E, Gherlinzoni F, Rimondi MR, Frezza G, Pisi P, Merla E, Gozzetti A, Canini R, Monetti N, Babini L, Tura S. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1996 June; 22(1-2): 131-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8724540&dopt=Abstract

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New drugs in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Arbuck SG, Sorensen JM, Christian MC, Ho P, Pluda JM, Cheson BD. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1997; 8 Suppl 1: 119-28. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9187445&dopt=Abstract

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No effect of 96-hour paclitaxel infusion in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma refractory to a 3-hour infusion schedule. Author(s): Younes A, Ayoub JP, Hagemeister FB, McLaughlin P, Sarris A, Rodriguez MA, Swan F Jr, Romaguera JE, Martin J, Cabanillas F. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1996 February; 14(2): 543-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8636769&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men in the San Francisco Bay Area: allergies, prior medication use, and sexual practices. Author(s): Holly EA, Lele C. Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association. 1997 July 1; 15(3): 211-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9257656&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid. A clinical study of twenty-two cases. Author(s): Sasai K, Yamabe H, Haga H, Tsutsui K, Dodo Y, Ishigaki T, Shibamoto Y, Abe M. Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 1996; 35(4): 457-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8695161&dopt=Abstract

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Opportunistic infection and immunologic function in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with chemotherapy. Author(s): Sparano JA, Hu X, Wiernik PH, Sarta C, Reddy DM, Hanau L, Henry DH. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1997 February 19; 89(4): 301-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9048834&dopt=Abstract

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Optimization of oral etoposide dosage in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using the fraction of dose absorbed measured for each patient. Author(s): el-Yazigi A, Ezzat A, Berry J, Raines DA, Yusuf A, al-Rawithi S, Legayada ES. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2000 February; 40(2): 153-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10664921&dopt=Abstract

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Paclitaxel in the salvage treatment of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Hopfinger G, Heinz R, Pfeilstocker M, Schlogl E, Waldner R, Pittermann E.

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Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1996 April; 7(4): 423-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8805938&dopt=Abstract •

Paclitaxel plus topotecan treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Younes A, Preti HA, Hagemeister FB, McLaughlin P, Romaguera JE, Rodriguez MA, Samuels BI, Palmer JL, Cabanillas F. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2001 July; 12(7): 923-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11521796&dopt=Abstract

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Patient-specific, 3-dimensional dosimetry in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated with 131I-anti-B1 antibody: assessment of tumor dose-response. Author(s): Sgouros G, Squeri S, Ballangrud AM, Kolbert KS, Teitcher JB, Panageas KS, Finn RD, Divgi CR, Larson SM, Zelenetz AD. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 February; 44(2): 260-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12571219&dopt=Abstract

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PCR-based assays for the detection of monoclonality in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: application to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and decalcified bone marrow samples. Author(s): Weirich G, Funk A, Hoepner I, Heider U, Noll S, Putz B, Fellbaum C, Hofler H. Source: Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany). 1995 May; 73(5): 235-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7670927&dopt=Abstract

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Persistent tumor 18F-FDG uptake after a few cycles of polychemotherapy is predictive of treatment failure in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Haematologica. 2000 June; 85(6): 613-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10870118&dopt=Abstract

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PET for staging of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Schiepers C, Filmont JE, Czernin J. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2003 June; 30 Suppl 1: S82-8. Epub 2003 April 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12719922&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacodynamic profile of prolonged etoposide administration in patients with small cell lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Higa GM, Sarkar MA, DeVore RF.

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Source: Pharmacotherapy. 1999 January; 19(1): 101-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9917083&dopt=Abstract •

Phase II study of 3-hour infusion of high dose paclitaxel in refractory and relapsed aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. Author(s): Casasnovas RO, Haioun C, Dumontet C, Gabarre J, Richard B, Lederlin P, Caillot D, Stamatoullas A, Morel P, Quesnel B, Blay JY, Bouabdallah K, Gisselbrecht C. Source: Haematologica. 2000 May; 85(5): 502-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10800167&dopt=Abstract

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Phase II trial of docetaxel in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Author(s): Budman DR, Petroni GR, Johnson JL, Cooper MR, Schlossman DM, Barcos M, Peterson BA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 October; 15(10): 3275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9336365&dopt=Abstract

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Phase II trial of paclitaxel by 24-hour continuous infusion for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Southwest Oncology Group trial 9246. Author(s): Press OW, LeBlanc M, O'Rourke TJ, Gagnet S, Chapman RA, Balcerzak SP, Fisher RI. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 February; 16(2): 574-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9469343&dopt=Abstract

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Pirarubicin-induced myocardial damage in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Niitsu N, Yamazaki J, Nakayama M, Umeda M. Source: Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 1998 May; 35(5): 358-62. Japanese. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9735010&dopt=Abstract

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Positron emission tomography in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: assessment of chemotherapy with fluorodeoxyglucose. Author(s): Romer W, Hanauske AR, Ziegler S, Thodtmann R, Weber W, Fuchs C, Enne W, Herz M, Nerl C, Garbrecht M, Schwaiger M. Source: Blood. 1998 June 15; 91(12): 4464-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9616140&dopt=Abstract

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Pre- and post-treatment evaluation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Mavromatis BH, Cheson BD.

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Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. 2002 September; 15(3): 429-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12468398&dopt=Abstract •

Pre-transplant positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) predicts outcome in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Cremerius U, Fabry U, Wildberger JE, Zimny M, Reinartz P, Nowak B, Schaefer W, Buell U, Osieka R. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002 July; 30(2): 103-11. Erratum In: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002 Npv; 30(10): 707. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12132049&dopt=Abstract

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Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the common bile duct. Author(s): Maymind M, Mergelas JE, Seibert DG, Hostetter RB, Chang WW. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1997 September; 92(9): 1543-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9317083&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) after first-line chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: is [18F]FDG-PET a valid alternative to conventional diagnostic methods? Author(s): Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Van Steenweghen S, Thomas J, Vandenberghe P, Vanuytsel L, Bormans G, Balzarini J, De Wolf-Peeters C, Mortelmans L, Verhoef G. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 January 15; 19(2): 414-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11208833&dopt=Abstract

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Purification of DNA topoisomerase I from the spleen of a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Florell SR, Martinchick JF, Holden JA. Source: Anticancer Res. 1996 November-December; 16(6B): 3467-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9042208&dopt=Abstract

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Secondary acute myeloid leukemia following treatment with VP16-containing regimens for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Orlandi E, Lazzarino M, Bernasconi P, Astori C, Bernasconi C. Source: Haematologica. 1998 August; 83(8): 758-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9793267&dopt=Abstract

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Severe myelotoxicity of oral etoposide in heavily pretreated patients with nonHodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphatic leukemia.

Alternative Medicine 137

Author(s): Shaklai S, Bairey O, Blickstein D, Prokocimer M, Hadar H, Lahav M, Sulkes J, Shaklai M. Source: Cancer. 1996 June 1; 77(11): 2313-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8635101&dopt=Abstract •

Single-photon emission computed tomography gallium imaging versus computed tomography: predictive value in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Vose JM, Bierman PJ, Anderson JR, Harrison KA, Dalrymple GV, Byar K, Kessinger A, Armitage JO. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1996 September; 14(9): 2473-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8823325&dopt=Abstract

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Staging and monitoring response to treatment in primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone marrow using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Author(s): Matthies A, Schuster SJ, Alavi A. Source: Clin Lymphoma. 2001 March; 1(4): 303-6; Discussion 307. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11707846&dopt=Abstract

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Tailored therapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a phase II study with a long-term follow-up. Author(s): Palmieri G, Morabito A, Rea A, Biondi E, Lauria R, Matano E, Pagliarulo C, Montesarchio V, Tagliaferri P, Bianco AR. Source: International Journal of Oncology. 1998 July; 13(1): 121-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9625813&dopt=Abstract

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The C5R protocol: a regimen of high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy in primary cerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of patients with no known cause of immunosuppression. Author(s): Blay JY, Bouhour D, Carrie C, Bouffet E, Brunat-Mentigny M, Philip T, Biron P. Source: Blood. 1995 October 15; 86(8): 2922-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7579384&dopt=Abstract

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Toxicity of high-dose sequential chemotherapy and purged autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation precludes its use in refractory/recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Johnston LJ, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Hu WW, Negrin RS, Hoppe RT, Blume KG, Horning SJ. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2000; 6(5A): 555-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11071261&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. The Italian studies. Author(s): Salvagno L, Errante D, Bianco A, Palmisano V, Ballerini F, Boccalon M, Aversa S, Monfardini S. Source: Tumori. 2002 January-February; 88(1 Suppl 1): S20-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11989915&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with radiolabeled murine, chimeric, or humanized LL2, an anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody. Author(s): Juweid M, Sharkey RM, Markowitz A, Behr T, Swayne LC, Dunn R, Hansen HJ, Shevitz J, Leung SO, Rubin AD, et al. Source: Cancer Research. 1995 December 1; 55(23 Suppl): 5899S-5907S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7493367&dopt=Abstract

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Tumor-absorbed-dose estimates versus response in tositumomab therapy of previously untreated patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary report. Author(s): Koral KF, Dewaraja Y, Clarke LA, Li J, Zasadny KR, Rommelfanger SG, Francis IR, Kaminski MS, Wahl RL. Source: Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. 2000 August; 15(4): 347-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11041019&dopt=Abstract

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Vitamin supplement use and fatal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among US men and women. Author(s): Zhang SM, Calle EE, Petrelli JM, Jacobs EJ, Thun MJ. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2001 June 1; 153(11): 1064-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11390324&dopt=Abstract

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Vitamin supplement use and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women and men. Author(s): Zhang SM, Giovannucci EL, Hunter DJ, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2001 June 1; 153(11): 1056-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11390323&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for posttreatment evaluation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Blood. 1999 July 15; 94(2): 429-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10397709&dopt=Abstract

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation (some Web sites are subscription based): •

General Overview Lymphoma Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. LYMPHOMA

DISSERTATIONS

ON

NON-HODGKIN’S

Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

A Case-control Study of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Egypt by Cowgill, Karen Deirdre; Phd from The Johns Hopkins University, 2002, 209 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3046437

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Antidepressant Medication Use and the Risk of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: a Population-based Case-control Study by Bahl, Saira; Msc from University of Toronto (canada), 2002, 105 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/MQ73827

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Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Survival among Hiv-infected Men with Kaposi's Sarcoma or Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma by Tam, Henry Ky; Phd from University of California, Los Angeles, 2002, 113 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3066460

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The Role of Ski/sno Oncoproteins As Negative Regulators of the Tgf-beta/smad Signaling Pathway in B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (nhl-b) by Lo, Piao; Phd from The Univ. of Texas H.s.c. at Houston Grad. Sch. of Biomed. Sci., 2002, 72 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3046060

Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

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CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Recent Trials on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.8 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. •

10-Propargyl-10-Deazaaminopterin in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin in treating patients who have recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00052442

8

These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.

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Antineoplaston Therapy in Treating Patients With Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Follicular Mixed Cell Lymphoma; follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Burzynski Research Institute Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Antineoplastons are naturally occurring substances found in urine. Antineoplastons may inhibit the growth of cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of antineoplaston therapy in treating patients who have low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003499

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Antineoplaston Therapy in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Burzynski Research Institute Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Antineoplastons are naturally occurring substances found in urine. Antineoplastons may inhibit the growth of cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of antineoplaston therapy in treating patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that has not responded to high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003498

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Bortezomib and Fludarabine in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Ireland Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Bortezomib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking the enzymes necessary for cancer cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy such as fludarabine use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining bortezomib with fludarabine may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of combining bortezomib with fludarabine in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase I

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Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00068315 •

Bryostatin 1 Plus Vincristine in Treating Patients With Progressive or Relapsed NonHodgkin's Lymphoma After Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Transplantation Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Ireland Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy such as vincristine use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Bryostatin 1 may help vincristine kill more cancer cells by making the cells more sensitive to the drug. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining bryostatin 1 with vincristine in treating patients who have progressive or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after autologous bone marrow transplantation or autologous stem cell transplantation. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00058305

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Chemotherapy and Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients With B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma That Has Relapsed Following Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Condition(s): Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining monoclonal antibody therapy with chemotherapy may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of the monoclonal antibody rituximab plus chemotherapy with vinorelbine in treating patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that has relapsed following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003963

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Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Plus Bone Marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory T-cell Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome; recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage cancer cells. Bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy plus bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00004907

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Combination Chemotherapy Followed by Bone Marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell or bone marrow transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation or peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006373

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Combination Chemotherapy Followed By Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group

Clinical Trials 147

Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug and giving the drugs in different ways may kill more cancer cells. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage cancer cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen followed by radiation therapy is more effective in treating aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of two combination chemotherapy regimens followed by radiation therapy in treating patients who have aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00053768 •

Combination Chemotherapy Plus Filgrastim With or Without Rituximab in Treating Older Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; adult low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Follicular Large Cell Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Commissie Voor Klinisch Toegepast Onderzoek Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Combining monoclonal antibody therapy with chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells. It is not yet known if combination chemotherapy plus filgrastim is more effective with or without rituximab in treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to determine the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy plus filgrastim with or without rituximab in treating older patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00028717

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Combination Chemotherapy Plus Radiation Therapy Followed by Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with radiation therapy and peripheral stem cell transplantation may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of high-dose combination chemotherapy plus radiation therapy followed by peripheral stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory or recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II

148 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00002697 •

Combination Chemotherapy Plus Rituximab in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of Nebraska Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy combined with rituximab in treating patients who have recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00007865

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Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Etoposide in Treating Older Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma; NonHodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): EORTC Lymphoma Cooperative Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen is more effective in treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase II/III trial to compare the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy with or without etoposide in treating older patients who have nonHodgkin's lymphoma that has not been previously treated. Phase(s): Phase II; Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00060385

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Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Rituximab in Treating Older Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; anaplastic large cell lymphoma; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients.

Clinical Trials 149

Sponsor(s): German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. It is not yet known whether combination chemotherapy is more effective with or without rituximab in treating aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone with or without rituximab in treating older patients who have aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00052936 •

Cyclophosphamide With or Without Rituximab and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Ireland Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known if combining rituximab with cyclophosphamide is more effective than cyclophosphamide alone in stimulating peripheral stem cells for transplantation. PURPOSE: Randomized phase II trial to compare the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide with or without rituximab followed by chemotherapy and peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00028665

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Diagnostic Study of Patients With Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Cancer and Leukemia Group B; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Determination of genetic markers for aggressive nonHodgkin's lymphoma may help identify patients with this disease and help predict the outcome of treatment. PURPOSE: Diagnostic study to determine the genetic markers in patients who have aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Study Type: Interventional

150 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003863 •

Epirubicin and Rituximab in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Fox Chase Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy such as epirubicin use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Combining epirubicin with rituximab may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining epirubicin with rituximab in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00062296

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Filgrastim and Chemotherapy Followed by Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; NonHodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of Minnesota Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more tumor cells. Colony-stimulating factors such as filgrastim may increase the number of immune cells found in bone marrow or peripheral blood and may help a person's immune system recover from the side effects of chemotherapy. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of filgrastim and chemotherapy followed by peripheral stem transplantation in treating patients who have Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005985

Clinical Trials 151

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FR901228 in Treating Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult acute myeloid leukemia; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies; Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of FR901228 in treating patients who have myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00042822

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Gene Therapy Plus Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult brain stem glioma; adult ependymoma; adult infiltrating astrocytoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult noninfiltrating astrocytoma; Adult Oligodendroglioma; Mixed Gliomas; recurrent adult brain tumor; unspecified adult solid tumor, protocol specific Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Ireland Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Gene therapy may improve the body's ability to fight cancer or make the cancer more sensitive to chemotherapy. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of combining gene therapy with chemotherapy in treating patients who have advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003567

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Interleukin-2 or Observation Following Radiation Therapy, Combination Chemotherapy, and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Recurrent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Southwest Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Interleukin-2 may stimulate a person's white blood cells to kill non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Giving interleukin-2 after radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and peripheral stem cell transplantation may kill more cancer cells.

152 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of interleukin-2 with that of observation following radiation therapy, combination chemotherapy, and peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00002649 •

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies can locate cancer cells and deliver radiolabeled cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of monoclonal antibodies and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of combining monoclonal antibody therapy with peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00017381

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Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma That Has Relapsed After High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplantation Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of Nebraska Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate cancer cells and deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies can locate and deliver radioactive tumor-killing substances. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of combining radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies with rituximab in treating patients who have nonHodgkin's lymphoma that has not responded to high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00031642

Clinical Trials 153

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Oblimersen and Rituximab in Treating Patients With Recurrent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Oblimersen may increase the effectiveness of rituximab by making cancer cells more sensitive to the drug. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining rituximab with oblimersen in treating patients who have recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00054639

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Oxaliplatin in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; recurrent adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of oxaliplatin in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006473

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Pegfilgrastim in Treating Neutropenia After Chemotherapy in Patients With Mantle Cell or Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; adult low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Neutropenia Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Colony-stimulating factors such as pegfilgrastim may increase the number of immune system cells found in bone marrow or peripheral blood and may be effective in preventing or controlling neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. PURPOSE: Randomized phase II trial to compare the effectiveness of two pegfilgrastim regimens in treating neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients who have mantle cell or diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II

154 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00066833 •

Peripheral Stem Transplantation in Treating Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Graft Versus Host Disease; recurrent childhood large cell lymphoma; recurrent childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma; recurrent childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with autologous and allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs to kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation followed by allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005803

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Phase II Gallium Nitrate in Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma; Relapsed Lymphoma; Refractory Lymphoma; Low-Grade Lymphoma; Intermediate-Grade Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Genta Purpose - Excerpt: Eligible patients will have low- or intermediate-grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) that has progressed after standard chemotherapy. Patients will receive gallium nitrate 300 mg/m2/day by continuous IV infusion for 7 consecutive days using a portable infusion pump. Hospitalization is not required. Stable or responding patients will receive additional gallium nitrate infusions every 3 weeks until the time of disease progression, for a maximum total of 8 infusions, or 2 cycles after complete remission has been documented. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00054808

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Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage II Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Follicular Large Cell Lymphoma; Follicular Mixed Cell Lymphoma; follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma

Clinical Trials 155

Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): EORTC Lymphoma Cooperative Group; EORTC Radiotherapy Cooperative Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Giving radiation therapy in different ways may kill more tumor cells. It is not yet known which regimen of radiation therapy is more effective for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of radiation therapy to the involved area with or without total-body irradiation in treating patients who have stage I or stage II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that has not previously been treated. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00014326 •

Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Garden State Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Radiolabeled epratuzumab can locate tumor cells and deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of radiolabeled epratuzumab in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00044941

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Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody Therapy and High-Dose Chemotherapy Followed By Autologous Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies such as yttrium Y90 ibritumomab tiuxetan can locate cancer cells and deliver radioactive cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining yttrium Y90 ibritumomab tiuxetan and chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of combining yttrium Y90 ibritumomab tiuxetan with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

156 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00058292 •

Safety and Efficacy of Iodine-131 Anti-B1 Antibody for Intermediate Grade nonHodgkin's Lymphoma Following First Line CHOP Condition(s): Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Corixa Corporation Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of using Iodine-131 Anti-B1 Antibody for the treatment of patients with large B-cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who have achieved a response following 6-8 cycles of CHOP therapy. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00022932

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Safety of Interferon Gamma-1b with Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients Condition(s): Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): InterMune Pharmaceuticals Purpose - Excerpt: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of the dosing schedule of subcutaneous interferon gamma-1b (IFN g-1b) administered 3 times per week with Rituximab for 4 weeks, in patients with progressive or relapsed low-grade NonHodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) International study with sites in the Czech Republic and Poland Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00057447

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VEGF Trap in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors or NonHodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult solid tumor Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: VEGF Trap may stop the growth of solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by stopping blood flow to the cancer. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of VEGF Trap in patients who have relapsed or refractory solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Clinical Trials 157

Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00036946 •

VEGF Trap in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult solid tumor Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: VEGF Trap may stop the growth of solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by stopping blood flow to the cancer. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of VEGF Trap in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00045266

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Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): recurrent diffuse small lymphocytic/marginal zone lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent adult lymphoblastic lymphoma; recurrent grade III follicular large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; recurrent mantle cell lymphoma; refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; recurrent grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI); Norris Cotton Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Antibodies can locate tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of antibody therapy in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00014560

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Biological Therapy Plus Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients.

158 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Sponsor(s): Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Biological therapies such as CpG 7909 use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing. Combining CpG 7909 with rituximab may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of CpG 7909 plus rituximab in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00040950 •

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Hodgkin's Disease or NonHodgkin's Lymphoma That Has Not Responded to Previous Treatment Condition(s): recurrent grade III follicular large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; recurrent mantle cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult Hodgkin's disease Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute of Canada Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy in treating patients who have Hodgkin's disease or nonHodgkin's lymphoma that has not responded to previous treatment. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00014209

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Ifosfamide, Teniposide, and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Relapsed NonHodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent grade III follicular large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI); Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of ifosfamide, teniposide, and paclitaxel in treating patients who have relapsed nonHodgkin's lymphoma.

Clinical Trials 159

Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00004916 •

Interleukin-12 in Treating Patients With Previously Treated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Hodgkin's Disease Condition(s): recurrent diffuse small lymphocytic/marginal zone lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade III follicular large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; recurrent mantle cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; recurrent adult Hodgkin's disease; recurrent mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome; recurrent grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI); M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Interleukin-12 may kill tumor cells by stopping blood flow to the tumor and by stimulating a person's white blood cells to kill lymphoma cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of interleukin-12 in treating patients with previously treated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003210

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Irinotecan in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent diffuse small lymphocytic/marginal zone lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade III follicular large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; recurrent mantle cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; recurrent grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI); M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of irinotecan in treating patients with recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below

160 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003245 •

Liposomal Vincristine in Treating Patients With Refractory or Relapsed NonHodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; anaplastic large cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Inex Pharmaceuticals Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of liposomal vincristine in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006383

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Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent diffuse small lymphocytic/marginal zone lymphoma; recurrent grade III follicular large cell lymphoma; recurrent grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Protein Design Labs Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies can locate tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. PURPOSE: Randomized phase II trial to compare the effectiveness of two different monoclonal antibody regimens in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00014664

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Monoclonal Antibody Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent diffuse small lymphocytic/marginal zone lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent adult lymphoblastic lymphoma; recurrent grade III follicular large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; recurrent mantle cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; recurrent grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma

Clinical Trials 161

Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of California Davis Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow doctors to give higher doses of chemotherapy and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody therapy, cyclosporine, and paclitaxel followed by peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00008021 •

Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Who Have Undergone Stem Cell Transplantation Condition(s): recurrent adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; recurrent adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; anaplastic large cell lymphoma; Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute of Canada Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. It is not yet known if giving radiation therapy after stem cell transplantation is more effective than stem cell transplantation alone in treating relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to determine the effectiveness of radiation therapy in treating patients who have relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00031668

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Safety and Efficacy Study of Iodine-131 Anti-B1 Antibody for the Retreatment of Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Corixa Corporation; GlaxoSmithKline Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to enable retreatment with Iodine-131 Anti-B1 Antibody therapy for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who previously responded (PR, CCR, or CR) for at least 3 months to Iodine-131 Anti-B1 Antibody therapy. Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below

162 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00022893 •

Thalidomide in Treating Patients With Asymptomatic, Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; contiguous stage II adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; indolent, stage I adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; indolent, stage III adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; indolent, stage IV adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II adult nonHodgkin's lymphoma; stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage I chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage I grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage I grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma; stage II chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage II grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage II grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma; stage III chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage III grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage III grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma; stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage IV grade I follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage IV grade II follicular mixed cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Thalidomide may stop the growth of cancer by stopping blood flow to the tumor. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to determine the effectiveness of thalidomide in treating patients who have asymptomatic, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00052416

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Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma with 90Y-hLL2 IgG Condition(s): Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma; Lymphoma, B-Cell Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Immunomedics, Inc. Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this trial is to determine the safety of a 90Yradiolabeled, humanized (CDR-grafted) form of the LL2 monoclonal antibody in patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) at different dose levels. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00061425

•

Rebeccamycin Analogue in Treating Children With Solid Tumors or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Ewing's family of tumors; childhood brain tumor; childhood meningioma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood rhabdomyosarcoma; Neuroblastoma; Osteosarcoma; Retinoblastoma; unspecified childhood solid tumor, protocol specific

Clinical Trials 163

Study Status: This study is suspended. Sponsor(s): Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of rebeccamycin analogue in treating children who have solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006102 •

Safety Study 90Y-hLL2 to Treat Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Study Status: This study is not yet open for patient recruitment. Sponsor(s): Immunomedics, Inc. Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this trial is to determine the safety of 90Y-hLL2 at different dose levels in the treatment of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00054834

Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: •

For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/

•

For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html

•

For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/

164 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

•

For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm

•

For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

•

For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

•

For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp

•

For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm

•

For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/

•

For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm

•

For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm

•

For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm

•

For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm

•

For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm

•

For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials

165

CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

21st Century Complete Medical Guide to Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma) Authoritative Government Documents and Clinical References for Patients and Physicians with Practical Information on Diagnosis and Treatment Options by PM Medical Health News; ISBN: 1592480071; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1592480071/icongroupinterna

•

A Comprehensive guide to the therapeutic use of methotrexate in poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; ISBN: 0919839002; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0919839002/icongroupinterna

•

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hodgkin's Disease, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma; ISBN: 3540561307; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540561307/icongroupinterna

166 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

•

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hodgkin's Disease, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma by A.R. Zander, B. Barlogie (Editor); ISBN: 0387561307; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387561307/icongroupinterna

•

Histopathology Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by Karl. Lennert; ISBN: 0387104453; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387104453/icongroupinterna

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Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by Karl Lennert, A. C. Feller; ISBN: 0387512705; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387512705/icongroupinterna

•

Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (Based on the Updated Kiel Classification) by Alfred C. Feller, et al; ISBN: 3540638016; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540638016/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; ISBN: 0808913549; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0808913549/icongroupinterna

•

Hodgkin's Disease & Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: New Perspectives in Immunopathology, Diagnosis, & Treatment by Richard J. Ford (Editor), Clinical Conference on Cancer (1984); ISBN: 0608006289; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0608006289/icongroupinterna

•

Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: New Perspectives in Immunopathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Ut M. D. Anderson Clinical Conference O) by Richard J. Ford (Editor); ISBN: 0881670391; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0881670391/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Adults and Children by Lillian M. Fuller (Editor), et al; ISBN: 0890047952; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0890047952/icongroupinterna

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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by David Mason Y., et al; ISBN: 1874545073; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1874545073/icongroupinterna

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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (1990); ISBN: 0713145447; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0713145447/icongroupinterna

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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by Peter M. Md. Mauch (Editor), et al (2003); ISBN: 0781735262; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0781735262/icongroupinterna

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children; ISBN: 0893520683; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0893520683/icongroupinterna

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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Making Sense of Diagnosis, Treatment and Options by Lorraine Johnston; ISBN: 1565924444; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565924444/icongroupinterna

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The Management of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Europe; ISBN: 3540522972; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540522972/icongroupinterna

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The Management of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Europe (Eso Intercity Report) by S. Monfardini (Editor), U. Veronesi (Editor); ISBN: 0387522972; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387522972/icongroupinterna

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The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by Ian T. Magrath (Editor) (1997); ISBN: 0340557931; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0340557931/icongroupinterna

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The Official Parent's Sourcebook on Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Revised and Updated Directory for the Internet Age by Icon Health Publications (2002); ISBN: 0597833486; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0597833486/icongroupinterna

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The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Revised and Updated Directory for the Internet Age by Icon Health Publications (2002); ISBN: 0597834563; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0597834563/icongroupinterna

•

The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma During Pregnancy: A Revised and Updated Directory for the Internet Age by Icon Health Publications (2002); ISBN: 0597834792; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0597834792/icongroupinterna

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Understanding Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas; ISBN: 1901276120; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1901276120/icongroupinterna

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Understanding Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas; ISBN: 1870403495; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1870403495/icongroupinterna

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Understanding Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (1999); ISBN: 190127635X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/190127635X/icongroupinterna

The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:9 •

Guidance on the use of rituximab for recurrent or refractory Stage III or IV follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Author: National Institute for Clinical Excellence (Great Britain).; Year: 1990; London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence, c2002; ISBN: 1842571621

•

Morbidity of Vietnam veterans. Supplementary report no. 2, Adrenal gland cancer, leukaemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.; Year: 1990; Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, c2000; ISBN: 1740240839

•

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas Author: Solal-Céligny, Philippe.; Year: 1939; London: Manson Pub. Paris: Éditions Frison-Roche, c1993; ISBN: 2874545073

•

The effective management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Author: Miles, Andrew.; Year: 1988; London: Aesculapius Medical Press, c2001; ISBN: 1903044111

9

In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.

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Chapters on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma In order to find chapters that specifically relate to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box.

169

CHAPTER 7. LYMPHOMA

MULTIMEDIA

ON

NON-HODGKIN’S

Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.

Bibliography: Multimedia on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma The National Library of Medicine is a rich source of information on healthcare-related multimedia productions including slides, computer software, and databases. To access the multimedia database, go to the following Web site: http://locatorplus.gov/. Select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once in the search area, simply type in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (or synonyms). Then, in the option box provided below the search box, select “Audiovisuals and Computer Files.” From there, you can choose to sort results by publication date, author, or relevance. The following multimedia has been indexed on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (for more information, follow the hyperlink indicated): •

Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas [slide] Source: [produced and published by Gower Medical Publishing]; Year: 1991; Format: Slide; New York, NY: Gower Medical Pub., c1991

•

Indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas [videorecording] Source: Marshfield Clinic, Saint Joseph's Hospital; a presentation of the Marshfield Video Network; Year: 1994; Format: Videorecording; Marshfield, WI: The Clinic, [1994]

•

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas [videorecording] Source: author, Robert E. Reed; faculty consultant, Roland Hiss; Biomedical Media Production Unit, the University of Michigan Medical Center, Office of Educational Resources & Research; Year: 1979; Format: Videorecording; Ann Arbor, Mich.: The University, c1979

•

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas [videorecording] Source: American Society of Clinical Pathologists; Year: 1976; Format: Videorecording; Chicago: The Society, c1976

•

Pediatric Hodgkin's disease, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and leukemia [sound recording]. Year: 1989; Format: Sound recording; Chicago, IL: Teach'em, [1989]

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CHAPTER 8. PERIODICALS HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

AND

NEWS

ON

NON-

Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma:

172 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

•

Praecis files to test fumagillin compound for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: April 16, 2003 http://www.reutershealth.com/archive/2003/04/16/business/links/20030416rglt002. html

•

HCV infection linked to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk in U.S. Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 07, 2003

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FDA advisors back non-Hodgkin's lymphoma drug Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: December 18, 2002

•

Idec antibody induces tumor reduction in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma study Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: December 10, 2002

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Genta, Aventis launch trial of Genasense with Rituxan for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: October 29, 2002

•

Wine consumption associated with lower risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in men Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 17, 2002

•

Immunotherapy shows promise for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 20, 2002

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Simian virus 40 linked to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 07, 2002

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Epratuzumab may enhance rituximab therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 11, 2001

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Amgen drug may enhance non-Hodgkin's lymphoma therapy Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: December 11, 2001

•

Cancer vaccine elicits response in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 10, 2001

Periodicals and News 173

•

Radioimmunotherapy effective for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: October 05, 2001 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms).

174 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Academic Periodicals covering Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

Periodicals and News 175

APPENDICES

177

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute10: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

10

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

178 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources 179

NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.11 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:12 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

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Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

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Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

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Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

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Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

11

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 12 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway13 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.14 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 52200 89 442 262 0 52993

HSTAT15 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.16 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.17 Simply search by “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

13

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

14

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 15 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 16 17

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists18 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.19 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.20 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

18 Adapted 19

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 20 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma”:

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Other Guides Bone Marrow Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html Hodgkin's Disease http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hodgkinsdisease.html Lymphoma http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html

Within the health topic page dedicated to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the following was listed: •

General/Overviews Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=7087 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Source: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00350 What Is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_1x_what_is_non_hodgkins_l ymphoma_32.asp

•

Diagnosis/Symptoms Can Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Be Found Early? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_3X_Can_nonHodgkins_lymphoma_be_found_early_32.asp Gene Chips Accurately Diagnose Four Complex Childhood Cancers Source: National Human Genome Research Institute http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/may2001/nhgri-30.htm How Is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Diagnosed? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_3x_how_is_nonhodgkins_lymphoma_diagnosed_32.asp Understanding Blood Counts Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9452

•

Treatment Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/adult-non-hodgkins/patient/

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AIDS-Related Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/AIDS-relatedlymphoma/patient/ Biological Therapies: Using the Immune System to Treat Cancer Source: National Cancer Institute http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/7_2.htm Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=2443 Cord Blood FAQs Source: National Marrow Donor Program http://www.marrow.org/FAQS/cord_blood_faqs.html FDA Approves First Radiopharmaceutical Product to Treat Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Source: Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2002/ANS01138.html Long Term and Late Effects of Treatment for Blood-Related Cancers Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9965 Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/mycosisfungoides/patient/ New Approaches to Treatment Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=4702 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma during Pregnancy (PDQ) Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/non-hodgkins-duringpregnancy/patient/ Primary CNS Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/primary-CNSlymphoma/patient/ Treatment of Extranodal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Extrano dal_Non-Hodgkins_Lymphoma_32.asp Treatment of Intermediate Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma -- Stages I and II Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Interme diate_Grade_Non-Hodgkins_Lymphoma_--_Stages_I_and_II_32.asp?sitearea=

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Treatment of Intermediate Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma -- Stages III and IV and High Grade Lymphomas Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Interme diate_Grade_Non-Hodgkins_Lymphoma_-_Stages_III_and_IV_and_High_Grade_Lymphomas_32.asp?sitearea= Treatment of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Walden stroms_Macroglobulinemia_32.asp What if the Lymphoma Doesn't Respond or Comes Back After Treatment? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_What_if_the_Lympho ma_Doesnt_Respond_or_Comes_Back_After_Treatment_32.asp •

Alternative Therapy Complementary & Alternative Therapies for Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Disease, & Myeloma Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9882

•

Specific Conditions/Aspects Choosing a Treatment Facility Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9877 Choosing and Communicating with a Cancer Specialist Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9872 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9651 Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Source: National Cancer Institute http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/6_4.htm

•

Children Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT) Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4x_Bone_Marrow_Transp lantation_and_Peripheral_Blood_Stem_Cell_Transplantation_9.asp Childhood Cancer: Lymphoma Source: Nemours Foundation http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/cancer/cancer_lymphoma.html

Patient Resources 187

Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/child-non-hodgkins/patient/ How Is Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Diagnosed? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_3x_how_is_childhood_non_ hodgkins_lymphoma_diagnosed_9.asp How Is Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Staged Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_3x_how_is_childhood_non_ hodgkins_lymphoma_staged_9.asp How Is Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_2_4x_how_is_childhood_nonhodgkins_lymphoma_treated_9.asp What Are the Key Statistics for Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1x_What_are_the_key_sta tistics_for_childhood_non_Hodgkins_lymphoma_9.asp What Are the Risk Factors for Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_2x_what_are_the_risk_factor s_for_childhood_non_hodgkins_lymphoma_9.asp What's New in Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Research and Treatment? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_6x_Whats_new_in_childh ood_non_hodgkins_lymphoma_research_and_treatment_9.asp •

From the National Institutes of Health What You Need to Know about Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/non-hodgkins-lymphoma

•

Journals/Newsletters Blood & Marrow Transplant Newsletter Source: BMT InfoNet http://www.bmtnews.org/newsletters/

•

Latest News Painkillers May Raise Lymphoma Risk for Women Source: 09/12/2003, Reuters Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_13970 .html

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•

Organizations American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/ Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/hm_lls Lymphoma Research Foundation http://www.lymphoma.org/ National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/ National Marrow Donor Program http://www.marrow.org/

•

Pictures/Diagrams Atlas of the Body: The Lymphatic System Source: American Medical Association http://www.medem.com/medlb/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=/ZZZG0S6CGJC &sub_cat=198

•

Prevention/Screening Can Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Be Prevented? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_Can_nonHodgkins_lymphoma_be_prevented_32.asp What Are the Risk Factors for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_fa ctors_for_non-Hodgkins_lymphoma_32.asp

•

Research Gene Expression Profiles Predict Survival of Lymphoma Patients After Chemotherapy Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jun2002/nci-19.htm Researchers Identify Shift Towards More Treatable AIDS-Related Lymphomas Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jun2003/nci-10.htm What's New in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Research and Treatment? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_6X_Whats_new_in_nonHodgkins_lymphoma_research_and_treatment_32.asp

•

Statistics Cancer Facts & Figures-2002 http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf

Patient Resources 189

Facts and Statistics Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=12486 What Are the Key Statistics about Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1X_What_are_the_key_sta tistics_for_non-Hodgkins_lymphoma_32.asp You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. Healthfinder™ Healthfinder™ is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and offers links to hundreds of other sites that contain healthcare information. This Web site is located at http://www.healthfinder.gov. Again, keyword searches can be used to find guidelines. The following was recently found in this database: •

What You Need To Know About™ Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Summary: This booklet discusses symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It also has information about resources and sources of support for people with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Source: Cancer Information Service, National Cancer Institute http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=7124 The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. PEDBASE Similar to NORD, PEDBASE covers relatively rare disorders, limited mainly to pediatric conditions. PEDBASE was designed by Dr. Alan Gandy. To access the database, which is more oriented to researchers than patients, you can view the current list of health topics covered at the following Web site: http://www.icondata.com/health/pedbase/pedlynx.htm.

190 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Additional Web Sources

A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Associations and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma The following is a list of associations that provide information on and resources relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: •

Blood and Marrow Transplant Information Network Telephone: (847) 433-3313 Toll-free: (888) 597-7674 Fax: (847) 433-4599 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.bmtinfonet.org Background: Blood and Marrow Transplant Information Network (BMT InfoNet), formerly BMT Newsletter, is a not-for-proit organization established in 1990. It provides patient-friendly handbooks and a quarterly newsletter about bone marrow/peripheral stem cell and cord blood transplantation (BMT/PSCT). This is a medical procedure that may be used to treat certain diseases such as cancer, aplastic anemia, immune deficiency diseases, inborn errors of metabolism, and some brain tumors. Readership includes BMT/PSCT patients and survivors, their families and friends, patient support and information groups, medical personnel at BMT cancer centers, and insurance review personnel who handle such cases. In addition to publications, BMT InfoNet links patients with survivors who can provide emotional support, maintains an online Directory of Transplant Centers in the US and Canada, an online Directory of Drugs used during transplant, and an online Resource Directory. They offer attorney referrals for patients who have insurance disputes and have a comprehensive website. Publications include a quarterly newsletter, and books entitled 'Autologous Stem Cell Transplants: A Handbook for Patients' and 'Bone Marrow and Blood Stem Cell Transplants: A Guide for Patients'. These books are updated from an earlier version: 'Bone Marrow Transplants: A Book of Basics for Patients'.

Patient Resources 191

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

192 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “nonHodgkin’s lymphoma” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

193

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.21

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

21

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

194 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)22: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

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California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

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California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

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California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

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California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

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California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

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California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

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Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

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Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

22

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries 195

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

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Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

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Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

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Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

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Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

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Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

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Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

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Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

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Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

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Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

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Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

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Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

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Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

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Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

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Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

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Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

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Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

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Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

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Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

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Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

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Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

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Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

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Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

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Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

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Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

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Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

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Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

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Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

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Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

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Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

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Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

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Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

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Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

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Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

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Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

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National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

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National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

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National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

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New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

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New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

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New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

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New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

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New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

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New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

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New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

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New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

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Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

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Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

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Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

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Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

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Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

199

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

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MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: •

Basic Guidelines for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000581.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Armpit lump Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003099.htm Enlarged lymph nodes Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003097.htm Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Flank pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003113.htm

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Sweating, excessive Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003218.htm Weight loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003107.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Blood chemistry tests Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003468.htm Blood smear Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003665.htm Bone marrow biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003934.htm CBC Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003642.htm CT scans of the chest, abdomen Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003789.htm Differential Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm Gallium (Ga.) scan Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003450.htm Immunoelectrophoresis - serum Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003541.htm Liver biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003895.htm Lymph node biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003933.htm Mononucleosis spot test Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003454.htm MRI Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003335.htm Quantitative immunoglobulins (nephelometry) Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003545.htm X-ray Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003337.htm

Online Glossaries 201

•

Surgery and Procedures for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Exploratory laparotomy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002928.htm

•

Background Topics for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cancer - support group Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002166.htm Chemotherapy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002324.htm Incidence Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002387.htm Lymphangiogram Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003798.htm Malignancy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002253.htm Peripheral Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002273.htm Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm Radiation therapy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001918.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. 3-dimensional: 3-D. A graphic display of depth, width, and height. Three-dimensional radiation therapy uses computers to create a 3-dimensional picture of the tumor. This allows doctors to give the highest possible dose of radiation to the tumor, while sparing the normal tissue as much as possible. [NIH] Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. [NIH] Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Abortion: 1. The premature expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception - of the embryo, or of a nonviable fetus. The four classic symptoms, usually present in each type of abortion, are uterine contractions, uterine haemorrhage, softening and dilatation of the cervix, and presentation or expulsion of all or part of the products of conception. 2. Premature stoppage of a natural or a pathological process. [EU] Abscess: Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. [NIH] Acantholysis: Separation of the prickle cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, resulting in atrophy of the prickle cell layer. It is seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris (see pemphigus) and keratosis follicularis. [NIH] Acidity: The quality of being acid or sour; containing acid (hydrogen ions). [EU] Acidosis: A pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of the alkaline reserve (bicarbonate content) in the blood and body tissues, and characterized by an increase in hydrogen ion concentration. [EU] Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive Tlymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. [NIH] Actin: Essential component of the cell skeleton. [NIH] Actinomycosis: Infections with bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. [NIH] Acute leukemia: A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood-forming tissue (bone marrow). [NIH]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute lymphocytic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myelogenous leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many

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immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myeloid leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myeloid leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myeloid leukemia or acute myelogenous leukemia. [NIH] Acute renal: A condition in which the kidneys suddenly stop working. In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function. [NIH] Adaptability: Ability to develop some form of tolerance to conditions extremely different from those under which a living organism evolved. [NIH] Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. [NIH] Adenovirus: A group of viruses that cause respiratory tract and eye infections. Adenoviruses used in gene therapy are altered to carry a specific tumor-fighting gene. [NIH] Adipose Tissue: Connective tissue composed of fat cells lodged in the meshes of areolar tissue. [NIH] Adjuvant: A substance which aids another, such as an auxiliary remedy; in immunology, nonspecific stimulator (e.g., BCG vaccine) of the immune response. [EU] Adjuvant Therapy: Treatment given after the primary treatment to increase the chances of a cure. Adjuvant therapy may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy. [NIH]

Adnexa: The appendages of the eye, as the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelids, and the extraocular muscles. [NIH] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adrenal Glands: Paired glands situated in the retroperitoneal tissues at the superior pole of each kidney. [NIH] Adrenal insufficiency: The reduced secretion of adrenal glands. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU] Age-Adjusted: Summary measures of rates of morbidity or mortality in a population using statistical procedures to remove the effect of age differences in populations that are being

Dictionary 205

compared. Age is probably the most important and the most common variable in determining the risk of morbidity and mortality. [NIH] Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Albumin: 1. Any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. 2. Serum albumin; the major plasma protein (approximately 60 per cent of the total), which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein carrying large organic anions, such as fatty acids, bilirubin, and many drugs, and also carrying certain hormones, such as cortisol and thyroxine, when their specific binding globulins are saturated. Albumin is synthesized in the liver. Low serum levels occur in protein malnutrition, active inflammation and serious hepatic and renal disease. [EU] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaline: Having the reactions of an alkali. [EU] Alkaloid: A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer. [NIH] Alkylating Agents: Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases. [NIH]

Alleles: Mutually exclusive forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, and governing the same biochemical and developmental process. [NIH] Allergen: An antigenic substance capable of producing immediate-type hypersensitivity (allergy). [EU] Allium: A genus of liliaceous herbs containing onions (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), and others; many produce pungent, often bacteriostatic and physiologically active compounds and are used as food, condiment, and medicament, the latter in traditional medicine. [NIH] Allogeneic: Taken from different individuals of the same species. [NIH] Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: A procedure in which a person receives stem cells, the cells from which all blood cells develop, from a compatible, though not genetically identical, donor. [NIH] Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alpha Particles: Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two neutrons, i.e., helium nuclei, emitted during disintegration of very heavy isotopes; a beam of alpha particles or an alpha ray has very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. [NIH]

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Alveolitis: Inflammation of an alveolus. Called also odontobothritis. [EU] Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Ampulla: A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. [NIH] Amyloid: A general term for a variety of different proteins that accumulate as extracellular fibrils of 7-10 nm and have common structural features, including a beta-pleated sheet conformation and the ability to bind such dyes as Congo red and thioflavine (Kandel, Schwartz, and Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 3rd ed). [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Analgesic: An agent that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness. [EU] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Anaplasia: Loss of structural differentiation and useful function of neoplastic cells. [NIH] Anaplastic: A term used to describe cancer cells that divide rapidly and bear little or no resemblance to normal cells. [NIH] Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A rare agressive form of lymphoma (cancer that begins in cells of the lymphatic system) that is usually of T-cell origin. [NIH] Anastomosis: A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Androgens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. [NIH] Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. [NIH] Angiogenesis: Blood vessel formation. Tumor angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor. This is caused by the release of chemicals by the tumor. [NIH] Angiogenesis inhibitor: A substance that may prevent the formation of blood vessels. In anticancer therapy, an angiogenesis inhibitor prevents the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor. [NIH] Animal model: An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans.

Dictionary 207

Animal models are used to study the development and progression of diseases and to test new treatments before they are given to humans. Animals with transplanted human cancers or other tissues are called xenograft models. [NIH] Anions: Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis. [NIH] Aniridia: A congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of the optic cup to grow. Aniridia also occurs in a hereditary form, usually autosomal dominant. [NIH] Annealing: The spontaneous alignment of two single DNA strands to form a double helix. [NIH]

Anterior chamber: The space in front of the iris and behind the cornea. [NIH] Anthracycline: A member of a family of anticancer drugs that are also antibiotics. [NIH] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibodies, Anticardiolipin: Antiphospholipid antibodies found in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus erythematosus, systemic), antiphospholipid syndrome, and in a variety of other diseases as well as in healthy individuals. The antibodies are detected by solid-phase immunoassay employing the purified phospholipid antigen cardiolipin. [NIH] Antibodies, Antiphospholipid: Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids. These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, related autoimmune diseases, some non-autoimmune diseases, and also in healthy individuals. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antibody therapy: Treatment with an antibody, a substance that can directly kill specific tumor cells or stimulate the immune system to kill tumor cells. [NIH] Anticoagulant: A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called a blood thinner. [NIH] Antiemetic: An agent that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting. Also antinauseant. [EU]

Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antigen-presenting cell: APC. A cell that shows antigen on its surface to other cells of the

208 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

immune system. This is an important part of an immune response. [NIH] Anti-infective: An agent that so acts. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of neoplasms. [NIH]

Antineoplastic antibiotics: A group of anticancer drugs that block cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells. Also called anticancer antibiotics or antitumor antibiotics. [NIH] Antiphospholipid Syndrome: The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (antibodies, antiphospholipid). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (antibodies, anticardiolipin). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (lupus coagulation inhibitor). [NIH] Antipyretic: An agent that relieves or reduces fever. Called also antifebrile, antithermic and febrifuge. [EU] Antiviral: Destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Aplasia: Lack of development of an organ or tissue, or of the cellular products from an organ or tissue. [EU] Aplastic anemia: A condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce blood cells. [NIH]

Apoptosis: One of the two mechanisms by which cell death occurs (the other being the pathological process of necrosis). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA (DNA fragmentation) at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. [NIH] Aqueous: Having to do with water. [NIH] Arachidonic Acid: An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. [NIH] Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH]

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Arthroplasty: Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion. [NIH] Ascending Colon: The part of the colon on the right side of the abdomen. [NIH] Asparaginase: A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1. [NIH] Aspartate: A synthetic amino acid. [NIH] Aspirate: Fluid withdrawn from a lump, often a cyst, or a nipple. [NIH] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Assay: Determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture, or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. [EU] Astrocytes: The largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with microglia) respond to injury. Astrocytes have high- affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitter, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is not well understood. [NIH] Astrocytoma: A tumor that begins in the brain or spinal cord in small, star-shaped cells called astrocytes. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Ataxia: Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharnyx, larnyx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or peripheral nerve diseases. Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; injury to the red nucleus; and other conditions. [NIH] Atrial: Pertaining to an atrium. [EU] Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Autoantibodies: Antibodies that react with self-antigens (autoantigens) of the organism that produced them. [NIH] Autoantigens: Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with autoantibodies and cause an immune response. [NIH] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH] Autologous bone marrow transplantation: A procedure in which bone marrow is removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person after intensive treatment. [NIH] Autonomic: Self-controlling; functionally independent. [EU] Autopsy: Postmortem examination of the body. [NIH] Axilla: The underarm or armpit. [NIH] Babesiosis: A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including zoonoses in humans. They are caused by protozoans of the genus babesia, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick ixodes scapularis. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls,

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multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacteriostatic: 1. Inhibiting the growth or multiplication of bacteria. 2. An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria. [EU] Bacterium: Microscopic organism which may have a spherical, rod-like, or spiral unicellular or non-cellular body. Bacteria usually reproduce through asexual processes. [NIH] Barbiturate: A drug with sedative and hypnotic effects. Barbiturates have been used as sedatives and anesthetics, and they have been used to treat the convulsions associated with epilepsy. [NIH] Basal cell carcinoma: A type of skin cancer that arises from the basal cells, small round cells found in the lower part (or base) of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. [NIH] Basal cells: Small, round cells found in the lower part (or base) of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. [NIH] Basal Ganglia: Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres. [NIH] Basal Ganglia Diseases: Diseases of the basal ganglia including the putamen; globus pallidus; claustrum; amygdala; and caudate nucleus. Dyskinesias (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include cerebrovascular disease; neurodegenerative diseases; and craniocerebral trauma. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Basophils: Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Benzene: Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon biproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide. [NIH] Beta-pleated: Particular three-dimensional pattern of amyloidoses. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile duct: A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. [NIH] Bile Pigments: Pigments that give a characteristic color to bile including: bilirubin, biliverdine, and bilicyanin. [NIH] Biliary: Having to do with the liver, bile ducts, and/or gallbladder. [NIH] Bilirubin: A bile pigment that is a degradation product of heme. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU]

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Biological response modifier: BRM. A substance that stimulates the body's response to infection and disease. [NIH] Biological therapy: Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as immunotherapy, biotherapy, or biological response modifier (BRM) therapy. [NIH] Biomarkers: Substances sometimes found in an increased amount in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues and that may suggest the presence of some types of cancer. Biomarkers include CA 125 (ovarian cancer), CA 15-3 (breast cancer), CEA (ovarian, lung, breast, pancreas, and GI tract cancers), and PSA (prostate cancer). Also called tumor markers. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Biotransformation: The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alteration may be either nonsynthetic (oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis) or synthetic (glucuronide formation, sulfate conjugation, acetylation, methylation). This also includes metabolic detoxication and clearance. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Bleomycin: A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. [NIH] Blister: Visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis. [NIH] Blood Coagulation: The process of the interaction of blood coagulation factors that results in an insoluble fibrin clot. [NIH] Blood Platelets: Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation. [NIH] Blood transfusion: The administration of blood or blood products into a blood vessel. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bolus: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus infusion. [NIH] Bolus infusion: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled

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with marrow cells. [NIH] Bone Marrow Cells: Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells, stromal cells, megakaryocytes, and the immediate precursors of most blood cells. [NIH] Bone Marrow Transplantation: The transference of bone marrow from one human or animal to another. [NIH] Bone metastases: Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone. [NIH]

Bone scan: A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bowel Movement: Body wastes passed through the rectum and anus. [NIH] Brachial: All the nerves from the arm are ripped from the spinal cord. [NIH] Brachial Plexus: The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon. [NIH] Brachytherapy: A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues. [NIH] Brain Stem: The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. [NIH] Brain stem glioma: A tumor located in the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord (the brain stem). It may grow rapidly or slowly, depending on the grade of the tumor. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Buccal: Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the buccal surface of a tooth. [EU] Busulfan: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH]

Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Calcium channel blocker: A drug used to relax the blood vessel and heart muscle, causing pressure inside blood vessels to drop. It also can regulate heart rhythm. [NIH] Calcium Channel Blockers: A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. Since they are inducers of vascular and other smooth muscle relaxation, they are used in the drug therapy of hypertension and cerebrovascular spasms, as myocardial protective agents, and in the relaxation of uterine spasms. [NIH]

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Camptothecin: An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity. [NIH] Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Carboplatin: An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity. [NIH] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of neoplasms in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included. [NIH] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiolipins: Acidic phospholipids composed of two molecules of phosphatidic acid covalently linked to a molecule of glycerol. They occur primarily in mitochondrial inner membranes and in bacterial plasma membranes. They are the main antigenic components of the Wassermann-type antigen that is used in nontreponemal syphilis serodiagnosis. [NIH] Cardiotoxicity: Toxicity that affects the heart. [NIH] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Carmustine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Case series: A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment. Reports of case series usually contain detailed information about the individual patients. This includes demographic information (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin) and information on diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment. [NIH] Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group. [NIH] Caspase: Enzyme released by the cell at a crucial stage in apoptosis in order to shred all cellular proteins. [NIH] Castor Oil: Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer. [NIH] Cathode: An electrode, usually an incandescent filament of tungsten, which emits electrons in an X-ray tube. [NIH] Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint. [NIH] CDC2: It is crucial for entry into mitosis of eukaryotic cells. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are

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made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Death: The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability. [NIH] Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function which takes place during the development of the embryo and leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cell Lineage: The developmental history of cells as traced from the first division of the original cell or cells in the embryo. [NIH] Cell membrane: Cell membrane = plasma membrane. The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees. [EU] Cell motility: The ability of a cell to move. [NIH] Cell proliferation: An increase in the number of cells as a result of cell growth and cell division. [NIH] Cell Size: The physical dimensions of a cell. It refers mainly to changes in dimensions correlated with physiological or pathological changes in cells. [NIH] Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. [NIH] Cell Transplantation: Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Central retinal artery: The blood vessel that carries blood into eye; supplies nutrition to the retina. [NIH] Cerebellar: Pertaining to the cerebellum. [EU] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Cortex: The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon and folds into gyri. It reaches its highest development in man and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions. [NIH] Cerebral hemispheres: The two halves of the cerebrum, the part of the brain that controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. The right hemisphere controls muscle movement on the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls muscle movement on the right side of the body. [NIH] Cerebrovascular: Pertaining to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, or brain. [EU] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH]

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Chemokines: Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C (chemokines, C), CC (chemokines, CC), and CXC (chemokines, CXC), according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. [NIH] Chemotherapeutic agent: A drug used to treat cancer. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chemotherapy support: To treat the extracted marrow while it is outside the body in an attempt to destroy the malignant cells. [NIH] Chest cavity: Space in body surrounding the lungs. [NIH] Chest wall: The ribs and muscles, bones, and joints that make up the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen. [NIH] Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. [NIH] Chlorambucil: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chondrocytes: Polymorphic cells that form cartilage. [NIH] Chorioretinitis: Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body. [NIH] Choroid: The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the retina and sclera. [NIH] Chromatin: The material of chromosomes. It is a complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins (chromosomal proteins, non-histone) found within the nucleus of a cell. [NIH] Chromosomal: Pertaining to chromosomes. [EU] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chromosome Abnormalities: Defects in the structure or number of chromosomes resulting in structural aberrations or manifesting as disease. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic Disease: Disease or ailment of long duration. [NIH] Chronic granulocytic leukemia: A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myelogenous leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia. [NIH] Chronic leukemia: A slowly progressing cancer of the blood-forming tissues. [NIH] Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells (called lymphocytes) are found in the body. [NIH] Chronic myelogenous leukemia: CML. A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia. [NIH] Cinchona: A genus of rubiaceous South American trees that yields the toxic cinchona

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alkaloids from their bark; quinine, quinidine, chinconine, cinchonidine and others are used to treat malaria and cardiac arrhythmias. [NIH] Cirrhosis: A type of chronic, progressive liver disease. [NIH] CIS: Cancer Information Service. The CIS is the National Cancer Institute's link to the public, interpreting and explaining research findings in a clear and understandable manner, and providing personalized responses to specific questions about cancer. Access the CIS by calling 1-800-4-CANCER, or by using the Web site at http://cis.nci.nih.gov. [NIH] Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. [NIH] C-kit receptor: A protein on the surface of some cells that binds to stem cell factor (a substance that causes certain types of cells to grow). Altered forms of this receptor may be associated with some types of cancer. [NIH] Cladribine: An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia. [NIH] Clear cell carcinoma: A rare type of tumor of the female genital tract in which the inside of the cells looks clear when viewed under a microscope. [NIH] Clinical study: A research study in which patients receive treatment in a clinic or other medical facility. Reports of clinical studies can contain results for single patients (case reports) or many patients (case series or clinical trials). [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Clone: The term "clone" has acquired a new meaning. It is applied specifically to the bits of inserted foreign DNA in the hybrid molecules of the population. Each inserted segment originally resided in the DNA of a complex genome amid millions of other DNA segment. [NIH]

Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coagulation: 1. The process of clot formation. 2. In colloid chemistry, the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass; an alteration of a disperse phase or of a dissolved solid which causes the separation of the system into a liquid phase and an insoluble mass called the clot or curd. Coagulation is usually irreversible. 3. In surgery, the disruption of tissue by physical means to form an amorphous residuum, as in electrocoagulation and photocoagulation. [EU] Coal: A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions. [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Colitis: Inflammation of the colon. [NIH] Collapse: 1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. [EU] Colloidal: Of the nature of a colloid. [EU] Colon:

The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The

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remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Colorectal: Having to do with the colon or the rectum. [NIH] Combination chemotherapy: Treatment using more than one anticancer drug. [NIH] Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and salvage therapy are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used. [NIH] Common Bile Duct: The largest biliary duct. It is formed by the junction of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct. [NIH] Communis: Common tendon of the rectus group of muscles that surrounds the optic foramen and a portion of the superior orbital fissure, to the anterior margin of which it is attached at the spina recti lateralis. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complete remission: The disappearance of all signs of cancer. Also called a complete response. [NIH] Complete response: The disappearance of all signs of cancer in response to treatment. This

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does not always mean the cancer has been cured. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH] Concomitant: Accompanying; accessory; joined with another. [EU] Congenita: Displacement, subluxation, or malposition of the crystalline lens. [NIH] Congestion: Excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood in a part. [EU] Conjugated: Acting or operating as if joined; simultaneous. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue Diseases: A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. [NIH] Consolidation therapy: Chemotherapy treatments given after induction chemotherapy to further reduce the number of cancer cells. [NIH] Constitutional: 1. Affecting the whole constitution of the body; not local. 2. Pertaining to the constitution. [EU] Consumption: Pulmonary tuberculosis. [NIH] Contamination: The soiling or pollution by inferior material, as by the introduction of organisms into a wound, or sewage into a stream. [EU] Continuous infusion: The administration of a fluid into a blood vessel, usually over a prolonged period of time. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Control group: In a clinical trial, the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied. This group is compared to the group that receives the new treatment, to see if the new treatment works. [NIH] Cornea: The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis:

Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a

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myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cortical: Pertaining to or of the nature of a cortex or bark. [EU] Corticosteroid: Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids, or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids, chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; mineralocorticoids, affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance; and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees, and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory agents, and to suppress the immune response. Called also adrenocortical hormone and corticoid. [EU] Cortisol: A steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex as part of the body's response to stress. [NIH] Cortisone: A natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone reduces swelling and can suppress immune responses. [NIH] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Criterion: A standard by which something may be judged. [EU] Crossing-over: The exchange of corresponding segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosia, forming a chiasma. [NIH] Cryoglobulinemia: A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal or abnormal quantities of cryoglobulins in the blood. They are precipitated into the microvasculature on exposure to cold and cause restricted blood flow in exposed areas. [NIH] Cryptococcosis: Infection with a fungus of the species Cryptococcus neoformans. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyclic: Pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles; the term is applied to chemical compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus. [EU] Cyclin: Molecule that regulates the cell cycle. [NIH] Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. [NIH] Cyclosporine: A drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection of organ and bone marrow transplants by the body. It is also used in clinical trials to make cancer cells more sensitive to anticancer drugs. [NIH] Cyst: A sac or capsule filled with fluid. [NIH] Cystic Duct: The tube that carries bile from the gallbladder into the common bile duct and the small intestine. [NIH] Cystitis: Inflammation of the urinary bladder. [EU] Cytarabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

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Cytokine: Small but highly potent protein that modulates the activity of many cell types, including T and B cells. [NIH] Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. [EU] Cytosine: A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. [NIH] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Cytotoxic chemotherapy: Anticancer drugs that kill cells, especially cancer cells. [NIH] Cytotoxicity: Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. [NIH] Daunorubicin: Very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemias and other neoplasms. [NIH]

Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious process used by an individual or a group of individuals in order to cope with impulses, feelings or ideas which are not acceptable at their conscious level; various types include reaction formation, projection and self reversal. [NIH]

Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA (chromosomes), bringing sequences, which are normally separated, into close proximity. [NIH] Delivery of Health Care: The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population. [NIH] Dementia: An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. [NIH] Denaturation: Rupture of the hydrogen bonds by heating a DNA solution and then cooling it rapidly causes the two complementary strands to separate. [NIH] Dendrites: Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other neurons. [NIH] Dendritic: 1. Branched like a tree. 2. Pertaining to or possessing dendrites. [EU] Dendritic cell: A special type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that activates T lymphocytes. [NIH]

Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Dental Caries: Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. The three most prominent theories used to explain the etiology of the disase are that acids produced by bacteria lead to decalcification; that micro-organisms destroy the enamel protein; or that keratolytic micro-organisms produce chelates that lead to decalcification. [NIH]

Deoxyglucose: activity. [NIH]

2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral

Depigmentation: Removal or loss of pigment, especially melanin. [EU]

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Dermal: Pertaining to or coming from the skin. [NIH] DES: Diethylstilbestrol. A synthetic hormone that was prescribed from the early 1940s until 1971 to help women with complications of pregnancy. DES has been linked to an increased risk of clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used DES. DES may also increase the risk of breast cancer in women who used DES. [NIH] Dexamethasone: (11 beta,16 alpha)-9-Fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4diene-3,20-dione. An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used either in the free alcohol or esterified form in treatment of conditions that respond generally to cortisone. [NIH] Diabetes Insipidus: A metabolic disorder due to disorders in the production or release of vasopressin. It is characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of low specific gravity urine and great thirst. [NIH] Diabetes Mellitus: A heterogeneous group of disorders that share glucose intolerance in common. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Diathesis: A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the person more than usually susceptible to certain diseases. [EU] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Digestive system: The organs that take in food and turn it into products that the body can use to stay healthy. Waste products the body cannot use leave the body through bowel movements. The digestive system includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Dilatation: The act of dilating. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Discrete: Made up of separate parts or characterized by lesions which do not become blended; not running together; separate. [NIH] Discrimination: The act of qualitative and/or quantitative differentiation between two or more stimuli. [NIH] Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis. [NIH] Dissociation: 1. The act of separating or state of being separated. 2. The separation of a molecule into two or more fragments (atoms, molecules, ions, or free radicals) produced by the absorption of light or thermal energy or by solvation. 3. In psychology, a defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes are segregated from the rest of a person's mental activity in order to avoid emotional distress, as in the dissociative disorders (q.v.), or in which an idea or object is segregated from its emotional significance; in the first sense it is roughly equivalent to splitting, in the second, to isolation. 4. A defect of mental integration in which one or more groups of mental processes become separated off from normal consciousness and, thus separated, function as a unitary whole. [EU] Docetaxel: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors. [NIH]

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Dopamine: An endogenous catecholamine and prominent neurotransmitter in several systems of the brain. In the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine, it is the immediate precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of dopaminergic receptor subtypes mediate its action. Dopamine is used pharmacologically for its direct (beta adrenergic agonist) and indirect (adrenergic releasing) sympathomimetic effects including its actions as an inotropic agent and as a renal vasodilator. [NIH] Dose-dependent: Refers to the effects of treatment with a drug. If the effects change when the dose of the drug is changed, the effects are said to be dose dependent. [NIH] Dosimetry: All the methods either of measuring directly, or of measuring indirectly and computing, absorbed dose, absorbed dose rate, exposure, exposure rate, dose equivalent, and the science associated with these methods. [NIH] Doxorubicin: Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetics. It is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin and is used in treatment of both leukemia and solid tumors. [NIH] Drive: A state of internal activity of an organism that is a necessary condition before a given stimulus will elicit a class of responses; e.g., a certain level of hunger (drive) must be present before food will elicit an eating response. [NIH] Drug Tolerance: Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from drug resistance wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from maximum tolerated dose and no-observed-adverse-effect level. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dyes: Chemical substances that are used to stain and color other materials. The coloring may or may not be permanent. Dyes can also be used as therapeutic agents and test reagents in medicine and scientific research. [NIH] Dystrophy: Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies. [EU] Ectoderm: The outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. [NIH] Ectodermal Dysplasia: A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, focal dermal hypoplasia, and aplasia cutis congenita. [NIH] Effector: It is often an enzyme that converts an inactive precursor molecule into an active second messenger. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Effusion: The escape of fluid into a part or tissue, as an exudation or a transudation. [EU] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Emaciation: Clinical manifestation of excessive leanness usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition. [NIH]

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Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryogenesis: The process of embryo or embryoid formation, whether by sexual (zygotic) or asexual means. In asexual embryogenesis embryoids arise directly from the explant or on intermediary callus tissue. In some cases they arise from individual cells (somatic cell embryoge). [NIH] Empyema: Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity. [NIH] Emulsions: Colloids of two immiscible liquids where either phase may be either fatty or aqueous; lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion and water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. [NIH] Encapsulated: Confined to a specific, localized area and surrounded by a thin layer of tissue. [NIH] Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see encephalitis, viral) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. [NIH] Encephalomyelitis: A general term indicating inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and encephalitis in the literature. [NIH] Encephalopathy: A disorder of the brain that can be caused by disease, injury, drugs, or chemicals. [NIH] Endemic: Present or usually prevalent in a population or geographical area at all times; said of a disease or agent. Called also endemial. [EU] Endogenous: Produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. [NIH] Endoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Endostatin: A drug that is being studied for its ability to prevent the growth of new blood vessels into a solid tumor. Endostatin belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. [NIH] Endothelial cell: The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. [NIH] Endotoxin: Toxin from cell walls of bacteria. [NIH] Enhancer: Transcriptional element in the virus genome. [NIH] Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH] Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Eosinophil: A polymorphonuclear leucocyte with large eosinophilic granules in its cytoplasm, which plays a role in hypersensitivity reactions. [NIH]

224 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Epidemic: Occurring suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal expectancy; said especially of infectious diseases but applied also to any disease, injury, or other healthrelated event occurring in such outbreaks. [EU] Epidemiologic Studies: Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. [NIH] Epidemiological: Relating to, or involving epidemiology. [EU] Epidermis: Nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers: 1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); 2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); 3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); 4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and 5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis). [NIH] Epidural: The space between the wall of the spinal canal and the covering of the spinal cord. An epidural injection is given into this space. [NIH] Epirubicin: An anthracycline antibiotic which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. Clinical studies indicate activity in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer and acute leukemia. It is equal in activity to doxorubicin but exhibits less acute toxicities and less cardiotoxicity. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epitopes: Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies. [NIH] Erythema: Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the kidney in the adult and the liver in the fetus, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. [NIH] Escalation: Progressive use of more harmful drugs. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Ether: One of a class of organic compounds in which any two organic radicals are attached directly to a single oxygen atom. [NIH] Ethionine: 2-Amino-4-(ethylthio)butyric acid. An antimetabolite and methionine antagonist that interferes with amino acid incorporation into proteins and with cellular ATP utilization. It also produces liver neoplasms. [NIH] Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the

Dictionary 225

cell cycle. [NIH] Eukaryotic Cells: Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane. [NIH] Excitation: An act of irritation or stimulation or of responding to a stimulus; the addition of energy, as the excitation of a molecule by absorption of photons. [EU] Exogenous: Developed or originating outside the organism, as exogenous disease. [EU] Exon: The part of the DNA that encodes the information for the actual amino acid sequence of the protein. In many eucaryotic genes, the coding sequences consist of a series of exons alternating with intron sequences. [NIH] Exostoses: Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component. [NIH] Extensor: A muscle whose contraction tends to straighten a limb; the antagonist of a flexor. [NIH]

External-beam radiation: Radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. Also called external radiation. [NIH] Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extraocular: External to or outside of the eye. [NIH] Extravasation: A discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. [EU] Extremity: A limb; an arm or leg (membrum); sometimes applied specifically to a hand or foot. [EU] Eye Infections: Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness. [NIH] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Fatty acids: A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. [NIH] Febrile: Pertaining to or characterized by fever. [EU] Femur: The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibrin: A protein derived from fibrinogen in the presence of thrombin, which forms part of the blood clot. [NIH] Fibroblast Growth Factor: Peptide isolated from the pituitary gland and from the brain. It is a potent mitogen which stimulates growth of a variety of mesodermal cells including

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chondrocytes, granulosa, and endothelial cells. The peptide may be active in wound healing and animal limb regeneration. [NIH] Fibroid: A benign smooth muscle tumor, usually in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract. Also called leiomyoma. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Filgrastim: A colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). It is a cytokine that belongs to the family of drugs called hematopoietic (blood-forming) agents. Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). [NIH] Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. [NIH] Fixation: 1. The act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. In psychiatry, a term with two related but distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage, which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. The use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. In chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. In ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. In film processing, the chemical removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver to form a permanent image. [EU] Flavivirus: A genus of Flaviviridae, also known as Group B arbovirus, containing several subgroups and species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is yellow fever virus. [NIH] Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. [NIH] Fludarabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis. [NIH] Fluorescent Dyes: Dyes that emit light when exposed to light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. They are used as markers in biochemistry and immunology. [NIH]

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Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as flouride to prevent dental caries. [NIH] Fold: A plication or doubling of various parts of the body. [NIH] Follicular large cell lymphoma: A rare type of non- Hodgkin's lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) with large cells that look cleaved (split) or non-cleaved under the microscope. It is an indolent (slow-growing) type of lymphoma. [NIH] Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease. [NIH]

Fungus: A general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists, including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, moulds, smuts, etc., which are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall composed of chitin, mannans, and sometimes cellulose. They are usually of simple morphological form or show some reversible cellular specialization, such as the formation of pseudoparenchymatous tissue in the fruiting body of a mushroom. The dimorphic fungi grow, according to environmental conditions, as moulds or yeasts. [EU] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72. [NIH] Gallium nitrate: A drug that lowers blood calcium. Used as treatment for hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood) and for cancer that has spread to the bone (bone metastases). [NIH] Gamma Cameras: Electronic instruments that produce photographs or cathode-ray tube images of the gamma-ray emissions from organs containing radionuclide tracers. [NIH] Gamma Rays: Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. [NIH] Ganglia: Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system. [NIH] Ganglion: 1. A knot, or knotlike mass. 2. A general term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system; occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, e.g. basal ganglia. 3. A benign cystic tumour occurring on a aponeurosis or tendon, as in the wrist or dorsum of the foot; it consists of a thin fibrous capsule enclosing a clear mucinous fluid. [EU] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gasoline: Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc. [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrointestinal tract: The stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gelatin: A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone collagen. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in

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pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories. [NIH] Gemcitabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gene Amplification: A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication. [NIH] Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of gene action. [NIH] Gene Rearrangement: The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development. [NIH] Gene Therapy: The introduction of new genes into cells for the purpose of treating disease by restoring or adding gene expression. Techniques include insertion of retroviral vectors, transfection, homologous recombination, and injection of new genes into the nuclei of single cell embryos. The entire gene therapy process may consist of multiple steps. The new genes may be introduced into proliferating cells in vivo (e.g., bone marrow) or in vitro (e.g., fibroblast cultures) and the modified cells transferred to the site where the gene expression is required. Gene therapy may be particularly useful for treating enzyme deficiency diseases, hemoglobinopathies, and leukemias and may also prove useful in restoring drug sensitivity, particularly for leukemia. [NIH] Genetic Markers: A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event. [NIH] Genetic testing: Analyzing DNA to look for a genetic alteration that may indicate an increased risk for developing a specific disease or disorder. [NIH] Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH] Genital: Pertaining to the genitalia. [EU] Genomics: The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (genome) of organisms. [NIH]

Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual; the characterization of the genes. [NIH] Geographic Locations: All of the continents and every country situated within, the United States and each of the constituent states arranged by region, Canada and each of its provinces, Australia and each of its states, the major bodies of water and major islands on both hemispheres, and selected major cities. Although the geographic locations are not printed in index medicus as main headings, in indexing they are significant in epidemiologic studies and historical articles and for locating administrative units in education and the delivery of health care. [NIH] Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. [NIH] Giant Cells: Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells; often associated

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with viral infections. In AIDS, they are induced when the envelope glycoprotein of the HIV virus binds to the CD4 antigen of uninfected neighboring T4 cells. The resulting syncytium leads to cell death and thus may account for the cytopathic effect of the virus. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glioma: A cancer of the brain that comes from glial, or supportive, cells. [NIH] Glomerular: Pertaining to or of the nature of a glomerulus, especially a renal glomerulus. [EU]

Glomeruli: Plural of glomerulus. [NIH] Glomerulonephritis: Glomerular disease characterized by an inflammatory reaction, with leukocyte infiltration and cellular proliferation of the glomeruli, or that appears to be the result of immune glomerular injury. [NIH] Glomerulosclerosis: Scarring of the glomeruli. It may result from diabetes mellitus (diabetic glomerulosclerosis) or from deposits in parts of the glomerulus (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). The most common signs of glomerulosclerosis are proteinuria and kidney failure. [NIH] Glomerulus: A tiny set of looping blood vessels in the nephron where blood is filtered in the kidney. [NIH] Glucans: Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages. [NIH] Glucocorticoid: A compound that belongs to the family of compounds called corticosteroids (steroids). Glucocorticoids affect metabolism and have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. They may be naturally produced (hormones) or synthetic (drugs). [NIH] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glycine: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Goiter: Enlargement of the thyroid gland. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grade: The grade of a tumor depends on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Grading systems are different for each type of cancer. [NIH] Grading: A system for classifying cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they appear when examined under a microscope. The objective of a grading system is to provide information about the probable growth rate of the tumor and its tendency to spread. The systems used to grade tumors vary with each type of cancer. Grading plays a role in treatment decisions. [NIH]

Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Graft Rejection:

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components,

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directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. [NIH] Graft-versus-host disease: GVHD. A reaction of donated bone marrow or peripheral stem cells against a person's tissue. [NIH] Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients. [NIH] Granulocyte: A type of white blood cell that fights bacterial infection. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes. [NIH] Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages. [NIH] Granulomas: Small lumps in tissues caused by inflammation. [NIH] Groin: The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh. [NIH]

Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Growth factors: Substances made by the body that function to regulate cell division and cell survival. Some growth factors are also produced in the laboratory and used in biological therapy. [NIH] Haematological: Relating to haematology, that is that branch of medical science which treats of the morphology of the blood and blood-forming tissues. [EU] Haematology: The science of the blood, its nature, functions, and diseases. [NIH] Haematuria: Blood in the urine. [EU] Haemophilia: A haemorrhagic diathesis occurring in two main forms: 1. Haemophilia A (classic haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency), an X-linked disorder due to deficiency of coagulation factor VIII; 2. Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency, Christmas disease), also Xlinked, due to deficiency of coagulation factor IX. Both forms are determined by a mutant gene near the telomere of the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq), but a different loci, and are characterized by subcutaneous and intramuscular haemorrhages; bleeding from the mouth, gums, lips, and tongue; haematuria; and haemarthroses. [EU] Hairy cell leukemia: A type of chronic leukemia in which the abnormal white blood cells appear to be covered with tiny hairs when viewed under a microscope. [NIH] Haptens: Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response. [NIH] Heart Transplantation: The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another. [NIH]

Hematogenous: Originating in the blood or spread through the bloodstream. [NIH] Hematologic malignancies: Cancers of the blood or bone marrow, including leukemia and lymphoma. Also called hematologic cancers. [NIH] Hematoma: An extravasation of blood localized in an organ, space, or tissue. [NIH]

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Hematopoiesis: The development and formation of various types of blood cells. [NIH] Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The transference of stem cells from one animal or human to another (allogeneic), or within the same individual (autologous). The source for the stem cells may be the bone marrow or peripheral blood. Stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms. [NIH] Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive. [NIH] Hematopoietic tissue: Tissue in which new blood cells are formed. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemoglobinopathies: A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule. [NIH] Hemolytic: A disease that affects the blood and blood vessels. It destroys red blood cells, cells that cause the blood to clot, and the lining of blood vessels. HUS is often caused by the Escherichia coli bacterium in contaminated food. People with HUS may develop acute renal failure. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver and liver disease involving degenerative or necrotic alterations of hepatocytes. [NIH] Hepatitis C: A form of hepatitis, similar to type B post-transfusion hepatitis, but caused by a virus which is serologically distinct from the agents of hepatitis A, B, and E, and which may persist in the blood of chronic asymptomatic carriers. Hepatitis C is parenterally transmitted and associated with transfusions and drug abuse. [NIH] Hepatocellular: Pertaining to or affecting liver cells. [EU] Hepatocellular carcinoma: A type of adenocarcinoma, the most common type of liver tumor. [NIH] Hepatocyte: A liver cell. [NIH] Hepatocyte Growth Factor: Multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. Its receptor is proto-oncogene protein C-met. [NIH] Hereditary: Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another. [NIH] Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer: An inherited disorder in which affected individuals have a higher-than-normal chance of developing colon cancer and certain other types of cancer, usually before the age of 60. Also called Lynch syndrome. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Heterodimer: Zippered pair of nonidentical proteins. [NIH]

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Heterogeneity: The property of one or more samples or populations which implies that they are not identical in respect of some or all of their parameters, e. g. heterogeneity of variance. [NIH] Histidine: An essential amino acid important in a number of metabolic processes. It is required for the production of histamine. [NIH] Histology: The study of tissues and cells under a microscope. [NIH] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormonal therapy: Treatment of cancer by removing, blocking, or adding hormones. Also called hormone therapy or endocrine therapy. [NIH] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hormone therapy: Treatment of cancer by removing, blocking, or adding hormones. Also called endocrine therapy. [NIH] Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Hybrid: Cross fertilization between two varieties or, more usually, two species of vines, see also crossing. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water. [NIH] Hyperbilirubinemia: Pathologic process consisting of an abnormal increase in the amount of bilirubin in the circulating blood, which may result in jaundice. [NIH] Hypercalcemia: Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. [NIH] Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, not due to tumor formation. It differs from hypertrophy, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hyperthyroidism: Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hyperuricemia: A buildup of uric acid (a byproduct of metabolism) in the blood; a side effect of some anticancer drugs. [NIH] Hypesthesia: Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation. [NIH] Hypnotic: A drug that acts to induce sleep. [EU] Hypogammaglobulinemia: The most common primary immunodeficiency in which antibody production is deficient. [NIH]

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Hypoglycemia: Abnormally low blood sugar [NIH] Hypophyseal: Hypophysial. [EU] Hypophysis: A remnant of the entodermal pouch of Rathke beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx, which shows pituitary tissue. [NIH] Hypoplasia: Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue. [EU] Hypothyroidism: Deficiency of thyroid activity. In adults, it is most common in women and is characterized by decrease in basal metabolic rate, tiredness and lethargy, sensitivity to cold, and menstrual disturbances. If untreated, it progresses to full-blown myxoedema. In infants, severe hypothyroidism leads to cretinism. In juveniles, the manifestations are intermediate, with less severe mental and developmental retardation and only mild symptoms of the adult form. When due to pituitary deficiency of thyrotropin secretion it is called secondary hypothyroidism. [EU] Hypoxia: Reduction of oxygen supply to tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. [EU] Ibritumomab tiuxetan: An anticancer drug that is a combination of a monoclonal antibody and a radioisotope (yttrium-90). Also called IDEC-Y2B8 monoclonal antibody. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antibiotic. The compound has shown activity against breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, together with potential for reduced cardiac toxicity. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Idiotype: The unique antigenic determinant in the variable region. [NIH] Ileal: Related to the ileum, the lowest end of the small intestine. [NIH] Ileum: The lower end of the small intestine. [NIH] Immune response: (antigens). [NIH]

The activity of the immune system against foreign substances

Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen. [NIH] Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunity: Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunocompromised: Having a weakened immune system caused by certain diseases or treatments. [NIH] Immunoconjugates: Combinations of diagnostic or therapeutic substances linked with specific immune substances such as immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies or antigens. Often the diagnostic or therapeutic substance is a radionuclide. These conjugates are useful tools for specific targeting of drugs and radioisotopes in the chemotherapy and radioimmunotherapy of certain cancers. [NIH]

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Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunodeficiency syndrome: The inability of the body to produce an immune response. [NIH]

Immunogenic: Producing immunity; evoking an immune response. [EU] Immunoglobulin: A protein that acts as an antibody. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive therapy: Therapy used to decrease the body's immune response, such as drugs given to prevent transplant rejection. [NIH] Immunotherapy: Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. [NIH] Immunotoxin: An antibody linked to a toxic substance. Some immmunotoxins can bind to cancer cells and kill them. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Implant radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called [NIH] Impotence: The inability to perform sexual intercourse. [NIH] In situ: In the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighbouring tissues. [EU] In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes. [NIH] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incidental: 1. Small and relatively unimportant, minor; 2. Accompanying, but not a major part of something; 3. (To something) Liable to occur because of something or in connection with something (said of risks, responsibilities, ...) [EU] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Incontinence: Inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder (urinary incontinence) or the escape of stool from the rectum (fecal incontinence). [NIH] Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU]

Indolent: A type of cancer that grows slowly. [NIH] Indolent lymphoma: Lymphoma that grows slowly and has few symptoms. [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU]

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Induction therapy: Treatment designed to be used as a first step toward shrinking the cancer and in evaluating response to drugs and other agents. Induction therapy is followed by additional therapy to eliminate whatever cancer remains. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Inflammatory bowel disease: A general term that refers to the inflammation of the colon and rectum. Inflammatory bowel disease includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. [NIH]

Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Inguinal: Pertaining to the inguen, or groin. [EU] Inguinal Hernia: A small part of the large or small intestine or bladder that pushes into the groin. May cause pain and feelings of pressure or burning in the groin. Often requires surgery. [NIH] Initiator: A chemically reactive substance which may cause cell changes if ingested, inhaled or absorbed into the body; the substance may thus initiate a carcinogenic process. [NIH] Innervation: 1. The distribution or supply of nerves to a part. 2. The supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part. [EU] Inorganic: Pertaining to substances not of organic origin. [EU] Insecticides: Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. [NIH] Interferon: A biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease). Interferons interfere with the division of cancer cells and can slow tumor growth. There are several types of interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. [NIH] Interferon Alfa-2a: A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with lysine at position 23 and histidine at position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. [NIH] Interferon Alfa-2b: A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23 and histidine in position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. [NIH]

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Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells. [NIH] Interleukin-1: A soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. IL-1 consists of two distinct forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which perform the same functions but are distinct proteins. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from interleukin-2. [NIH] Interleukin-12: A heterodimeric cytokine that stimulates the production of interferon gamma from T-cells and natural killer cells, and also induces differentiation of Th1 helper cells. It is an initiator of cell-mediated immunity. [NIH] Interleukin-18: Cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and CTLs, and appears to play a role both as neuroimmunomodulator and in the induction of mucosal immunity. [NIH] Interleukin-2: Chemical mediator produced by activated T lymphocytes and which regulates the proliferation of T cells, as well as playing a role in the regulation of NK cell activity. [NIH] Internal radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called brachytherapy, implant radiation, or interstitial radiation therapy. [NIH] Interphase: The interval between two successive cell divisions during which the chromosomes are not individually distinguishable and DNA replication occurs. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Mucosa: The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients. [NIH]

Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intramuscular: IM. Within or into muscle. [NIH] Intraocular: Within the eye. [EU] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically. [NIH] Iodine-131: Radioactive isotope of iodine. [NIH] Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a

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positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Irinotecan: An anticancer drug that belongs to a family of anticancer drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors. It is a camptothecin analogue. Also called CPT 11. [NIH] Iris: The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium. [NIH] Irradiance: At a point of a surface, the quotient of the radiant flux incident on an element of the surface containing the point, by the area of that element. [NIH] Irradiation: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Irradiation is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and x-ray therapy. [NIH] Jaundice: A clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, consisting of deposition of bile pigments in the skin, resulting in a yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes. [NIH]

Jejunum: That portion of the small intestine which extends from the duodenum to the ileum; called also intestinum jejunum. [EU] Joint: The point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton with the parts that surround and support it. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Kinetic: Pertaining to or producing motion. [EU] Lacrimal: Pertaining to the tears. [EU] Lacrimal Apparatus: The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system. [NIH] Lactation: The period of the secretion of milk. [EU] Lamivudine: A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and zalcitabine analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease. [NIH] Laparotomy: A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Larynx: An irregularly shaped, musculocartilaginous tubular structure, lined with mucous membrane, located at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is the essential sphincter guarding the entrance into the trachea and functioning secondarily as the organ of voice. [NIH] Latency: The period of apparent inactivity between the time when a stimulus is presented and the moment a response occurs. [NIH] Leiomyoma: A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the uterus and the gastrointestinal tract but can occur in

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the skin and subcutaneous tissues, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. [NIH] Length of Stay: The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility. [NIH]

Lethal: Deadly, fatal. [EU] Lethargy: Abnormal drowsiness or stupor; a condition of indifference. [EU] Leucocyte: All the white cells of the blood and their precursors (myeloid cell series, lymphoid cell series) but commonly used to indicate granulocytes exclusive of lymphocytes. [NIH]

Leukaemia: An acute or chronic disease of unknown cause in man and other warmblooded animals that involves the blood-forming organs, is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of leucocytes in the tissues of the body with or without a corresponding increase of those in the circulating blood, and is classified according of the type leucocyte most prominently involved. [EU] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). [NIH] Leukoencephalopathy: A condition with spongy holes in the brain's white matter. [NIH] Leukopenia: A condition in which the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood is reduced. [NIH] Library Services: circulation. [NIH]

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and

Ligament: A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. [EU] Linkage: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH] Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Liposomal: A drug preparation that contains the active drug in very tiny fat particles. This fat-encapsulated drug is absorbed better, and its distribution to the tumor site is improved. [NIH]

Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the liver. [NIH] Liver scan: An image of the liver created on a computer screen or on film. A radioactive substance is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream. It collects in the liver, especially in abnormal areas, and can be detected by the scanner. [NIH] Localization: The process of determining or marking the location or site of a lesion or disease. May also refer to the process of keeping a lesion or disease in a specific location or site. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Low-grade lymphomas: Lymphomas that tend to grow and spread slowly, including chronic lymphocytic lymphoma and follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma. Also called indolent lymphomas. [NIH] Lubricants: Oily or slippery substances. [NIH]

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Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH] Lutein Cells: The cells of the corpus luteum which are derived from the granulosa cells and the theca cells of the Graafian follicle. [NIH] Lyme Disease: An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphadenopathy: Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Lymphoblastic: One of the most aggressive types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [NIH] Lymphoblasts: Interferon produced predominantly by leucocyte cells. [NIH] Lymphocyte: A white blood cell. Lymphocytes have a number of roles in the immune system, including the production of antibodies and other substances that fight infection and diseases. [NIH] Lymphocyte Count: A count of the number of lymphocytes in the blood. [NIH] Lymphocytic: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Lymphocytosis: Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Lymphoma, Follicular: Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the lymph nodes. The nodules resemble to some extent the germinal centers of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-lymphocytes. This class of lymphoma usually occurs in older persons, is commonly multinodal, and possibly extranodal. Patients whose lymphomas present a follicular or nodular pattern generally have a more indolent course than those presenting with a diffuse pattern. [NIH] Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic: A high-grade malignant lymphoma composed of a diffuse, relatively uniform proliferation of cells with round or convoluted nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. The cells are cytologically similar to the lymphoblasts seen in acute lymphocytic leukemia, and in some cases, the disease may evolve into a leukemic phase morphologically indistinguishable from acute T-lymphocytic leukemia. Lymphoblastic lymphoma represents

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approximately one-third of the cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children and 5% of the cases in adults. It is more prevalent in males. [NIH] Lymphoproliferative: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. [NIH] Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. [NIH] Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed. [NIH] Lytic: 1. Pertaining to lysis or to a lysin. 2. Producing lysis. [EU] Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Maintenance therapy: Treatment that is given to help a primary (original) treatment keep working. Maintenance therapy is often given to help keep cancer in remission. [NIH] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant tumor: A tumor capable of metastasizing. [NIH] Malnutrition: A condition caused by not eating enough food or not eating a balanced diet. [NIH]

Mammary: Pertaining to the mamma, or breast. [EU] Mandible: The largest and strongest bone of the face constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth. [NIH] Maxillary: Pertaining to the maxilla : the irregularly shaped bone that with its fellow forms the upper jaw. [EU] Maxillary Sinus: One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity. [NIH] Meatus: A canal running from the internal auditory foramen through the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It gives passage to the facial and auditory nerves together with the auditory branch of the basilar artery and the internal auditory veins. [NIH] Mediate: Indirect; accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium. [EU] Mediator: An object or substance by which something is mediated, such as (1) a structure of the nervous system that transmits impulses eliciting a specific response; (2) a chemical substance (transmitter substance) that induces activity in an excitable tissue, such as nerve or muscle; or (3) a substance released from cells as the result of the interaction of antigen with antibody or by the action of antigen with a sensitized lymphocyte. [EU] Medical oncologist: A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer using chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and biological therapy. A medical oncologist often serves as the main caretaker of someone who has cancer and coordinates treatment provided by other specialists. [NIH] Medical Records: illnesses. [NIH]

Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or

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Medicament: A medicinal substance or agent. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Meiosis: A special method of cell division, occurring in maturation of the germ cells, by means of which each daughter nucleus receives half the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. [NIH] Melanin: The substance that gives the skin its color. [NIH] Melanocytes: Epidermal dendritic pigment cells which control long-term morphological color changes by alteration in their number or in the amount of pigment they produce and store in the pigment containing organelles called melanosomes. Melanophores are larger cells which do not exist in mammals. [NIH] Melanoma: A form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanoma usually begins in a mole. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Memory: Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory. [NIH] Meningeal: Refers to the meninges, the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meningioma: A type of tumor that occurs in the meninges, the membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas usually grow slowly. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. [NIH] Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to mercury poisoning. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing. [NIH] Mesenchymal: Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. [NIH] Mesenteric: Pertaining to the mesentery : a membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall. [EU] Mesentery: A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the abdominal wall and conveys their blood vessels and nerves. [NIH] Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from antineoplastic agents, such as ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide. [NIH] Metabolic disorder: A condition in which normal metabolic processes are disrupted, usually because of a missing enzyme. [NIH] Metabolite: Any substance produced by metabolism or by a metabolic process. [EU] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH]

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Metastatic: Having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. [NIH] Methionine: A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals. [NIH] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] Methylprednisolone: (6 alpha,11 beta)-11,17,21-Trihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,2dione. A prednisolone derivative which has pharmacological actions similar to prednisolone. [NIH] Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH] Microorganism: An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. Although viruses are not considered living organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms. [NIH] Microtubules: Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein tubulin. [NIH] Mineralocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids primarily associated with the regulation of water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ion transport in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by plasma volume, serum potassium, and angiotensin II. [NIH] Mitosis: A method of indirect cell division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes of the somatic cells of the species. [NIH] Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. [NIH] Mobilization: The process of making a fixed part or stored substance mobile, as by separating a part from surrounding structures to make it accessible for an operative procedure or by causing release into the circulation for body use of a substance stored in the body. [EU] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH]

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Monoclonal antibodies: Laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or therapy; each one recognizes a different protein on certain cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to a tumor. [NIH] Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Morphology: The science of the form and structure of organisms (plants, animals, and other forms of life). [NIH] Motion Sickness: Sickness caused by motion, as sea sickness, train sickness, car sickness, and air sickness. [NIH] Mucocutaneous: Pertaining to or affecting the mucous membrane and the skin. [EU] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Mucus: The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells. [NIH] Multicenter study: A clinical trial that is carried out at more than one medical institution. [NIH]

Multiple Myeloma: A malignant tumor of plasma cells usually arising in the bone marrow; characterized by diffuse involvement of the skeletal system, hyperglobulinemia, Bence-Jones proteinuria, and anemia. [NIH] Multivalent: Pertaining to a group of 5 or more homologous or partly homologous chromosomes during the zygotene stage of prophase to first metaphasis in meiosis. [NIH] Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables. [NIH] Muscle Fibers: Large single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of muscle tissue. They consist of a soft contractile substance enclosed in a tubular sheath. [NIH] Muscular Dystrophies: A general term for a group of inherited disorders which are characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles. [NIH] Mycosis: Any disease caused by a fungus. [EU] Mycosis Fungoides: A chronic malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages the lymph nodes and viscera are affected. [NIH] Myelodysplasia: Abnormal bone marrow cells that may lead to myelogenous leukemia. [NIH]

Myelodysplastic syndrome: Disease in which the bone marrow does not function normally. Also called preleukemia or smoldering leukemia. [NIH] Myelogenous: Produced by, or originating in, the bone marrow. [NIH] Myeloma: Cancer that arises in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Myosin: Chief protein in muscle and the main constituent of the thick filaments of muscle fibers. In conjunction with actin, it is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of

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muscles. [NIH] Myotonia: Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of myotonic disorders. [NIH] Nasal Cavity: The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the nasal septum, lined with ciliated mucosa, extending from the nares to the pharynx. [NIH] Nasal Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be in the nasal vestibule, fossae, or other areas of the nasal cavity. [NIH] Nasal Septum: The partition separating the two nasal cavities in the midplane, composed of cartilaginous, membranous and bony parts. [NIH] Nasopharynx: The nasal part of the pharynx, lying above the level of the soft palate. [NIH] Natural killer cells: NK cells. A type of white blood cell that contains granules with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or microbial cells. Also called large granular lymphocytes (LGL). [NIH] Nausea: An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. [NIH] NCI: National Cancer Institute. NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the federal government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Neoplastic: Pertaining to or like a neoplasm (= any new and abnormal growth); pertaining to neoplasia (= the formation of a neoplasm). [EU] Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidney; a focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive process which may involve the glomerulus, tubule, or interstitial renal tissue. [EU] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nerve Fibers: Slender processes of neurons, especially the prolonged axons that conduct nerve impulses. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neuroblastoma: Cancer that arises in immature nerve cells and affects mostly infants and children. [NIH] Neuroretinitis: Inflammation of the optic nerve head and adjacent retina. [NIH] Neurosyphilis: A late form of syphilis that affects the brain and may lead to dementia and death. [NIH] Neutralization: An act or process of neutralizing. [EU] Neutrons: Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal,

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and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay. [NIH] Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A group of cancers of the lymphoid system, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, small non-cleaved cell lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoma. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nucleic acid: Either of two types of macromolecule (DNA or RNA) formed by polymerization of nucleotides. Nucleic acids are found in all living cells and contain the information (genetic code) for the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nystagmus: Rhythmical oscillation of the eyeballs, either pendular or jerky. [NIH] Occult: Obscure; concealed from observation, difficult to understand. [EU] Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation. [NIH] Ocular: 1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting the eye. 2. Eyepiece. [EU] Ointments: Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons. [NIH] Oncogene: A gene that normally directs cell growth. If altered, an oncogene can promote or allow the uncontrolled growth of cancer. Alterations can be inherited or caused by an environmental exposure to carcinogens. [NIH] Oncogenic: Chemical, viral, radioactive or other agent that causes cancer; carcinogenic. [NIH]

Oncologist: A doctor who specializes in treating cancer. Some oncologists specialize in a particular type of cancer treatment. For example, a radiation oncologist specializes in treating cancer with radiation. [NIH] Oncology: The study of cancer. [NIH] Opacity: Degree of density (area most dense taken for reading). [NIH] Operon: The genetic unit consisting of a feedback system under the control of an operator gene, in which a structural gene transcribes its message in the form of mRNA upon blockade of a repressor produced by a regulator gene. Included here is the attenuator site of bacterial operons where transcription termination is regulated. [NIH]

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Opportunistic Infections: An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression. [NIH] Optic cup: The white, cup-like area in the center of the optic disc. [NIH] Optic Nerve: The 2nd cranial nerve. The optic nerve conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system. [NIH] Orbit: One of the two cavities in the skull which contains an eyeball. Each eye is located in a bony socket or orbit. [NIH] Orbital: Pertaining to the orbit (= the bony cavity that contains the eyeball). [EU] Osmotic: Pertaining to or of the nature of osmosis (= the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent). [EU] Osteogenic sarcoma: A malignant tumor of the bone. Also called osteosarcoma. [NIH] Osteosarcoma: A cancer of the bone that affects primarily children and adolescents. Also called osteogenic sarcoma. [NIH] Outpatient: A patient who is not an inmate of a hospital but receives diagnosis or treatment in a clinic or dispensary connected with the hospital. [NIH] Ovary: Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones. [NIH] Overall survival: The percentage of subjects in a study who have survived for a defined period of time. Usually reported as time since diagnosis or treatment. Often called the survival rate. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Oxaliplatin: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called platinum compounds. [NIH] Paclitaxel: Antineoplastic agent isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form and thus mimics the action of the proto-oncogene proteins c-mos. [NIH] Paediatric: Of or relating to the care and medical treatment of children; belonging to or concerned with paediatrics. [EU] Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. [NIH] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Pancreatic: Having to do with the pancreas. [NIH] Pancreatic cancer: Cancer of the pancreas, a salivary gland of the abdomen. [NIH] Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical antiinflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology. [NIH]

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Paranasal Sinuses: Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary cranial bones. They vary in size and form in different individuals and are lined by the ciliated mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. [NIH]

Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Partial remission: The shrinking, but not complete disappearance, of a tumor in response to therapy. Also called partial response. [NIH] Partial response: A decrease in the size of a tumor, or in the extent of cancer in the body, in response to treatment. [NIH] Parturition: The act or process of given birth to a child. [EU] Patella: The flat, triangular bone situated at the anterior part of the knee. [NIH] Pathogen: Any disease-producing microorganism. [EU] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pathologic Processes: The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs. [NIH] Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] PDQ: Physician Data Query. PDQ is an online database developed and maintained by the National Cancer Institute. Designed to make the most current, credible, and accurate cancer information available to health professionals and the public, PDQ contains peer-reviewed summaries on cancer treatment, screening, prevention, genetics, and supportive care; a registry of cancer clinical trials from around the world; and directories of physicians, professionals who provide genetics services, and organizations that provide cancer care. Most of this information is available on the CancerNet Web site, and more specific information about PDQ can be found at http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/pdq.html. [NIH] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Pemphigus: Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by acantholysis and blister formation within the epidermis. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perforation: 1. The act of boring or piercing through a part. 2. A hole made through a part or substance. [EU] Performance status: A measure of how well a patient is able to perform ordinary tasks and carry out daily activities. [NIH] Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardium. [EU]

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Pericardium: The fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels. [NIH]

Perineal: Pertaining to the perineum. [EU] Periodontitis: simplex. [NIH]

Inflammation of the periodontal membrane; also called periodontitis

Peripheral blood: Blood circulating throughout the body. [NIH] Peripheral stem cell transplantation: A method of replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by cancer treatment. Immature blood cells (stem cells) in the circulating blood that are similar to those in the bone marrow are given after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. Transplantation may be autologous (an individual's own blood cells saved earlier), allogeneic (blood cells donated by someone else), or syngeneic (blood cells donated by an identical twin). Also called peripheral stem cell support. [NIH] Peripheral stem cells: Immature cells found circulating in the bloodstream. New blood cells develop from peripheral stem cells. [NIH] Pesticides: Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (industrial fungicides), insecticides, rodenticides, etc. [NIH] Petroleum: Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants. [NIH] PH: The symbol relating the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration or activity of a solution to that of a given standard solution. Numerically the pH is approximately equal to the negative logarithm of H+ concentration expressed in molarity. pH 7 is neutral; above it alkalinity increases and below it acidity increases. [EU] Pharmacokinetic: The mathematical analysis of the time courses of absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Pharynx: The hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). [NIH] Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides; glycerophospholipids) or sphingosine (sphingolipids). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. [NIH] Phosphorus: A non-metallic element that is found in the blood, muscles, nevers, bones, and teeth, and is a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP; the primary energy source for the body's cells.) [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Phytotoxin: A substance which is toxic for plants. [NIH] Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH] Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized

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by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasma protein: One of the hundreds of different proteins present in blood plasma, including carrier proteins ( such albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin), fibrinogen and other coagulation factors, complement components, immunoglobulins, enzyme inhibitors, precursors of substances such as angiotension and bradykinin, and many other types of proteins. [EU] Plasmacytoma: Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic plasma cells either in bone marrow or various extramedullary sites. [NIH] Plasmid: An autonomously replicating, extra-chromosomal DNA molecule found in many bacteria. Plasmids are widely used as carriers of cloned genes. [NIH] Platelet Count: A count of the number of platelets per unit volume in a sample of venous blood. [NIH] Platelets: A type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called thrombocytes. [NIH] Platinum: Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae". [NIH]

Platinum Compounds: Inorganic compounds which contain platinum as the central atom. [NIH]

Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH] Pleural cavity: A space enclosed by the pleura (thin tissue covering the lungs and lining the interior wall of the chest cavity). It is bound by thin membranes. [NIH] Plexus: A network or tangle; a general term for a network of lymphatic vessels, nerves, or veins. [EU] Pneumococcal Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Pneumonitis: A disease caused by inhaling a wide variety of substances such as dusts and molds. Also called "farmer's disease". [NIH] Pneumothorax: Accumulation of air or gas in the space between the lung and chest wall, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung. [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may

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have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Polymerase: An enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of DNA using a single DNA strand as a template. The polymerase copies the template in the 5'-3'direction provided that sufficient quantities of free nucleotides, dATP and dTTP are present. [NIH] Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. [NIH] Polymorphism: The occurrence together of two or more distinct forms in the same population. [NIH] Polysaccharide: A type of carbohydrate. It contains sugar molecules that are linked together chemically. [NIH] Polyunsaturated fat: An unsaturated fat found in greatest amounts in foods derived from plants, including safflower, sunflower, corn, and soybean oils. [NIH] Polyvalent: Having more than one valence. [EU] Pons: The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the mesencephalon, ventral to the cerebellum, and consisting of a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis. [NIH] Port: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port-a-cath. [NIH] Port-a-cath: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postnatal: Occurring after birth, with reference to the newborn. [EU] Potentiates: A degree of synergism which causes the exposure of the organism to a harmful substance to worsen a disease already contracted. [NIH] Practicability: A non-standard characteristic of an analytical procedure. It is dependent on the scope of the method and is determined by requirements such as sample throughout and costs. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Preclinical: Before a disease becomes clinically recognizable. [EU] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU]

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Prednimustine: Ester of chlorambucil and prednisolone used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. [NIH] Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [NIH] Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. [NIH] Preleukemia: Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria. [NIH] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A chronic liver disease. Slowly destroys the bile ducts in the liver. This prevents release of bile. Long-term irritation of the liver may cause scarring and cirrhosis in later stages of the disease. [NIH] Probe: An instrument used in exploring cavities, or in the detection and dilatation of strictures, or in demonstrating the potency of channels; an elongated instrument for exploring or sounding body cavities. [NIH] Prodrug: A substance that gives rise to a pharmacologically active metabolite, although not itself active (i. e. an inactive precursor). [NIH] Progeny: The offspring produced in any generation. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Prognostic factor: A situation or condition, or a characteristic of a patient, that can be used to estimate the chance of recovery from a disease, or the chance of the disease recurring (coming back). [NIH] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Projection: A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, whereby that which is emotionally unacceptable in the self is rejected and attributed (projected) to others. [NIH] Prolactin: Pituitary lactogenic hormone. A polypeptide hormone with a molecular weight of about 23,000. It is essential in the induction of lactation in mammals at parturition and is synergistic with estrogen. The hormone also brings about the release of progesterone from lutein cells, which renders the uterine mucosa suited for the embedding of the ovum should fertilization occur. [NIH] Promoter: A chemical substance that increases the activity of a carcinogenic process. [NIH] Promyelocytic leukemia: A type of acute myeloid leukemia, a quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. [NIH]

Prone: Having the front portion of the body downwards. [NIH]

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Prophase: The first phase of cell division, in which the chromosomes become visible, the nucleus starts to lose its identity, the spindle appears, and the centrioles migrate toward opposite poles. [NIH] Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Proportional: Being in proportion : corresponding in size, degree, or intensity, having the same or a constant ratio; of, relating to, or used in determining proportions. [EU] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Prostaglandin: Any of a group of components derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway that are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiologic processes. The abbreviation for prostaglandin is PG; specific compounds are designated by adding one of the letters A through I to indicate the type of substituents found on the hydrocarbon skeleton and a subscript (1, 2 or 3) to indicate the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon skeleton e.g., PGE2. The predominant naturally occurring prostaglandins all have two double bonds and are synthesized from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) by the pathway shown in the illustration. The 1 series and 3 series are produced by the same pathway with fatty acids having one fewer double bond (8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid or one more double bond (5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid) than arachidonic acid. The subscript a or ß indicates the configuration at C-9 (a denotes a substituent below the plane of the ring, ß, above the plane). The naturally occurring PGF's have the a configuration, e.g., PGF2a. All of the prostaglandins act by binding to specific cell-surface receptors causing an increase in the level of the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (and in some cases cyclic GMP also). The effect produced by the cyclic AMP increase depends on the specific cell type. In some cases there is also a positive feedback effect. Increased cyclic AMP increases prostaglandin synthesis leading to further increases in cyclic AMP. [EU] Prostaglandins A: (13E,15S)-15-Hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-10,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGA(1)); (5Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13-trien-1-oic acid (PGA(2)); (5Z,13E,15S,17Z)-15hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13,17-tetraen-1-oic acid (PGA(3)). A group of naturally occurring secondary prostaglandins derived from PGE. PGA(1) and PGA(2) as well as their 19hydroxy derivatives are found in many organs and tissues. [NIH] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Prostatectomy: Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate. Three primary approaches are commonly employed: suprapubic - removal through an incision above the pubis and through the urinary bladder; retropubic - as for suprapubic but without entering the urinary bladder; and transurethral (transurethral resection of prostate). [NIH] Protective Agents: Synthetic or natural substances which are given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent. [NIH]

Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to

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recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteinuria: The presence of protein in the urine, indicating that the kidneys are not working properly. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Protons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion. [NIH] Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity. [NIH] Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos: Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes. They function in the cell cycle to maintain maturation promoting factor in the active state and have protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. Oncogenic transformation can take place when c-mos proteins are expressed at the wrong time. [NIH] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Pruritus: An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. [NIH] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Purines: A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include adenine and guanine, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as caffeine and theophylline. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism. [NIH] Pyrimidines: A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates. [NIH] Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment. [NIH] Quiescent: Marked by a state of inactivity or repose. [EU] Quinine: An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. [NIH]

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Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body in the area near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy. [NIH] Radical prostatectomy: Surgery to remove the entire prostate. The two types of radical prostatectomy are retropubic prostatectomy and perineal prostatectomy. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radioimmunotherapy: Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (immunotoxins) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (radiotherapy). [NIH] Radioisotope: An unstable element that releases radiation as it breaks down. Radioisotopes can be used in imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer. [NIH] Radiolabeled: Any compound that has been joined with a radioactive substance. [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation to treat malignant neoplasms and other benign conditions. The most common forms of ionizing radiation used as therapy are x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons. A special form of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, links a cytotoxic radionuclide to a molecule that targets the tumor. When this molecule is an antibody or other immunologic molecule, the technique is called radioimmunotherapy. [NIH] Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects. [NIH] Randomization: Also called random allocation. Is allocation of individuals to groups, e.g., for experimental and control regimens, by chance. Within the limits of chance variation, random allocation should make the control and experimental groups similar at the start of an investigation and ensure that personal judgment and prejudices of the investigator do not influence allocation. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Randomized clinical trial: A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively.

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At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial. [NIH] Reactivation: The restoration of activity to something that has been inactivated. [EU] Rebeccamycin: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antineoplastic antibiotics. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Recombination: The formation of new combinations of genes as a result of segregation in crosses between genetically different parents; also the rearrangement of linked genes due to crossing-over. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Red blood cells: RBCs. Cells that carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Also called erythrocytes. [NIH] Red Nucleus: A pinkish-yellow portion of the midbrain situated in the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. It receives a large projection from the contralateral half of the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle and a projection from the ipsilateral motor cortex. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Refractory: Not readily yielding to treatment. [EU] Regeneration: The natural renewal of a structure, as of a lost tissue or part. [EU] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Remission Induction: Therapeutic act or process that initiates a response to a complete or partial remission level. [NIH] Renal cell carcinoma: A type of kidney cancer. [NIH] Repressor: Any of the specific allosteric protein molecules, products of regulator genes, which bind to the operator of operons and prevent RNA polymerase from proceeding into the operon to transcribe messenger RNA. [NIH] Research Support: Financial support of research activities. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Residual disease: Cancer cells that remain after attempts have been made to remove the cancer. [NIH] Response rate:

The percentage of patients whose cancer shrinks or disappears after

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treatment. [NIH] Restoration: Broad term applied to any inlay, crown, bridge or complete denture which restores or replaces loss of teeth or oral tissues. [NIH] Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. [NIH] Retinal: 1. Pertaining to the retina. 2. The aldehyde of retinol, derived by the oxidative enzymatic splitting of absorbed dietary carotene, and having vitamin A activity. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. One isomer, 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin, or visual purple. Another, all-trans retinal (trans-r.); visual yellow; xanthopsin) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal also combines with opsins in the cones (photopsins) to form the three pigments responsible for colour vision. Called also retinal, and retinene1. [EU] Retinal Artery: Central retinal artery and its branches. It arises from the ophthalmic artery, pierces the optic nerve and runs through its center, enters the eye through the porus opticus and branches to supply the retina. [NIH] Retinitis: Inflammation of the retina. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (chorioretinitis) and of the optic nerve (neuroretinitis). The disease may be confined to one eye, but since it is generally dependent on a constitutional factor, it is almost always bilateral. It may be acute in course, but as a rule it lasts many weeks or even several months. [NIH] Retreatment: The therapy of the same disease in a patient, with the same agent or procedure repeated after initial treatment, or with an additional or alternate measure or follow-up. It does not include therapy which requires more than one administration of a therapeutic agent or regimen. Retreatment is often used with reference to a different modality when the original one was inadequate, harmful, or unsuccessful. [NIH] Retroperitoneal: Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Retropubic: A potential space between the urinary bladder and the symphisis and body of the pubis. [NIH] Retropubic prostatectomy: Surgery to remove the prostate through an incision made in the abdominal wall. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Retrosternal: Situated or occurring behind the sternum. [EU] Retroviral vector: RNA from a virus that is used to insert genetic material into cells. [NIH] Retrovirus: A member of a group of RNA viruses, the RNA of which is copied during viral replication into DNA by reverse transcriptase. The viral DNA is then able to be integrated into the host chromosomal DNA. [NIH] Rhabdomyosarcoma: A malignant tumor of muscle tissue. [NIH] Rheumatism: A group of disorders marked by inflammation or pain in the connective tissue structures of the body. These structures include bone, cartilage, and fat. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU]

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Rheumatoid arthritis: A form of arthritis, the cause of which is unknown, although infection, hypersensitivity, hormone imbalance and psychologic stress have been suggested as possible causes. [NIH] Ribosome: A granule of protein and RNA, synthesized in the nucleolus and found in the cytoplasm of cells. Ribosomes are the main sites of protein synthesis. Messenger RNA attaches to them and there receives molecules of transfer RNA bearing amino acids. [NIH] Ricin: A protein phytotoxin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Risk patient: Patient who is at risk, because of his/her behaviour or because of the type of person he/she is. [EU] Rituximab: A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy. Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells. [NIH] Rodenticides: rodents. [NIH]

Substances used to destroy or inhibit the action of rats, mice, or other

Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin. [NIH] Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Salvage Therapy: A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Sarcoidosis: An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. [NIH] Sarcoma: A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. [NIH] Scans: Pictures of structures inside the body. Scans often used in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring disease include liver scans, bone scans, and computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In liver scanning and bone scanning, radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream collect in these organs. A scanner that detects the radiation is used to create pictures. In CT scanning, an x-ray machine linked to a computer is used to produce detailed pictures of organs inside the body. MRI scans use a large magnet connected to a computer to create pictures of areas inside the body. [NIH] Sclera: The tough white outer coat of the eyeball, covering approximately the posterior fivesixths of its surface, and continuous anteriorly with the cornea and posteriorly with the external sheath of the optic nerve. [EU]

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Sclerosis: A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secondary tumor: Cancer that has spread from the organ in which it first appeared to another organ. For example, breast cancer cells may spread (metastasize) to the lungs and cause the growth of a new tumor. When this happens, the disease is called metastatic breast cancer, and the tumor in the lungs is called a secondary tumor. Also called secondary cancer. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Segmental: Describing or pertaining to a structure which is repeated in similar form in successive segments of an organism, or which is undergoing segmentation. [NIH] Segmentation: The process by which muscles in the intestines move food and wastes through the body. [NIH] Segregation: The separation in meiotic cell division of homologous chromosome pairs and their contained allelomorphic gene pairs. [NIH] Seizures: Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or "seizure disorder." [NIH] Selective estrogen receptor modulator: SERM. A drug that acts like estrogen on some tissues, but blocks the effect of estrogen on other tissues. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are SERMs. [NIH] Sella: A deep depression in the shape of a Turkish saddle in the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone in the deepest part of which is lodged the hypophysis cerebri. [NIH] Semen: The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma. [NIH] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Sensitization: 1. Administration of antigen to induce a primary immune response; priming; immunization. 2. Exposure to allergen that results in the development of hypersensitivity. 3. The coating of erythrocytes with antibody so that they are subject to lysis by complement in the presence of homologous antigen, the first stage of a complement fixation test. [EU] Sensory loss: A disease of the nerves whereby the myelin or insulating sheath of myelin on the nerves does not stay intact and the messages from the brain to the muscles through the nerves are not carried properly. [NIH] Septal: An abscess occurring at the root of the tooth on the proximal surface. [NIH] Sequencing: The determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA chain. [NIH] Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from glycine or threonine. It is involved in the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and other amino acids. [NIH] Serologic: Analysis of a person's serum, especially specific immune or lytic serums. [NIH] Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important

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physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (receptors, serotonin) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Small cell lung cancer: A type of lung cancer in which the cells appear small and round when viewed under the microscope. Also called oat cell lung cancer. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smoldering leukemia: Disease in which the bone marrow does not function normally. Also called preleukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. [NIH] Sodium: An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Solid tumor: Cancer of body tissues other than blood, bone marrow, or the lymphatic system. [NIH] Solvent: 1. Dissolving; effecting a solution. 2. A liquid that dissolves or that is capable of dissolving; the component of a solution that is present in greater amount. [EU] Soma: The body as distinct from the mind; all the body tissue except the germ cells; all the axial body. [NIH]

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Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Soybean Oil: Oil from soybean or soybean plant. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Specificity: Degree of selectivity shown by an antibody with respect to the number and types of antigens with which the antibody combines, as well as with respect to the rates and the extents of these reactions. [NIH] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spermatic: A cord-like structure formed by the vas deferens and the blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics of the testis. [NIH] Sphenoid: An unpaired cranial bone with a body containing the sphenoid sinus and forming the posterior part of the medial walls of the orbits. [NIH] Sphincter: A ringlike band of muscle fibres that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice; called also musculus sphincter. [EU] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spinal Cord Compression: Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the spinal cord due to extramedullary neoplasm; epidural abscess; spinal fractures; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence. [NIH] Spinal Fractures: Broken bones in the vertebral column. [NIH] Spirochete: Lyme disease. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Splenectomy: An operation to remove the spleen. [NIH] Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen. [NIH] Spondylitis: Inflammation of the vertebrae. [EU] Squamous: Scaly, or platelike. [EU] Stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia: There are too many lymphocytes in the blood, but there are usually no other symptoms of leukemia. [NIH] Staging: Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Stem Cell Factor: Hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the c-kit receptor CD117

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(proto-oncogene protein C-kit). It is expressed during embryogenesis and provides a key signal in multiple aspects of mast-cell differentiation and function. [NIH] Stem cell transplantation: A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells that were destroyed by cancer treatment. The stem cells are given to the person after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. [NIH] Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells of the same lineage (family type) that retain the ability to divide and cycle throughout postnatal life to provide cells that can become specialized and take the place of those that die or are lost. [NIH] Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Sternum: Breast bone. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stool: The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement; feces. [NIH] Strand: DNA normally exists in the bacterial nucleus in a helix, in which two strands are coiled together. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH]

Stroma: The middle, thickest layer of tissue in the cornea. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Subspecies: A category intermediate in rank between species and variety, based on a smaller number of correlated characters than are used to differentiate species and generally conditioned by geographical and/or ecological occurrence. [NIH] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight 32.066. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. [NIH] Superinfection: A frequent complication of drug therapy for microbial infection. It may

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result from opportunistic colonization following immunosuppression by the primary pathogen and can be influenced by the time interval between infections, microbial physiology, or host resistance. Experimental challenge and in vitro models are sometimes used in virulence and infectivity studies. [NIH] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Supportive care: Treatment given to prevent, control, or relieve complications and side effects and to improve the comfort and quality of life of people who have cancer. [NIH] Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods. [NIH] Symphysis: A secondary cartilaginous joint. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Synergistic: Acting together; enhancing the effect of another force or agent. [EU] Syphilis: A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. [NIH]

Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH] Systole: Period of contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles. [NIH] Tamoxifen: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It acts as an agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is an estrogen antagonist in mammary and uterine. [NIH] Tamponade: The inserting of a tampon; a dressing is inserted firmly into a wound or body cavity, as the nose, uterus or vagina, principally for stopping hemorrhage. [NIH] Telomere: A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs. [NIH] Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle. [NIH] Terminator: A DNA sequence sited at the end of a transcriptional unit that signals the end of transcription. [NIH] Testicular: Pertaining to a testis. [EU] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Thalamic: Cell that reaches the lateral nucleus of amygdala. [NIH]

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Thalamic Diseases: Disorders of the centrally located thalamus, which integrates a wide range of cortical and subcortical information. Manifestations include sensory loss, movement disorders; ataxia, pain syndromes, visual disorders, a variety of neuropsychological conditions, and coma. Relatively common etiologies include cerebrovascular disorders; craniocerebral trauma; brain neoplasms; brain hypoxia; intracranial hemorrhages; and infectious processes. [NIH] Thalassemia: A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia. [NIH] Thalidomide: A pharmaceutical agent originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market because of its known tetratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action. [NIH] Thermal: Pertaining to or characterized by heat. [EU] Thiamine: 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2methylthiazolium chloride. [NIH]

hydroxyethyl)-4-

Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Thorax: A part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; the chest. [NIH] Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombocytopenia: A decrease in the number of blood platelets. [NIH] Thrombomodulin: A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation. [NIH]

Thrombopenia: Reduction in the number of platelets in the blood. [NIH] Thromboses: The formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel during life. [NIH]

Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thrombus: An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation. Some authorities thus differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation. [EU] Thymus: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone. [NIH] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Thyroid Gland: A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body. [NIH] Thyroid Hormones: Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. [NIH] Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland. [NIH] Thyrotoxicosis: The clinical syndrome that reflects the response of the peripheral tissues to

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an excess of thyroid hormone. [NIH] Thyrotropin: A peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. It promotes the growth of the thyroid gland and stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormones and the release of thyroxine by the thyroid gland. [NIH] Thyroxine: An amino acid of the thyroid gland which exerts a stimulating effect on thyroid metabolism. [NIH] Ticks: Blood-sucking arachnids of the order Acarina. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tolerance: 1. The ability to endure unusually large doses of a drug or toxin. 2. Acquired drug tolerance; a decreasing response to repeated constant doses of a drug or the need for increasing doses to maintain a constant response. [EU] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Tonsil: A round-to-oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the pharynx situated on each side of the fauces, between the anterior and posterior pillars of the soft palate. [NIH] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Topoisomerase inhibitors: A family of anticancer drugs. The topoisomerase enzymes are responsible for the arrangement and rearrangement of DNA in the cell and for cell growth and replication. Inhibiting these enzymes may kill cancer cells or stop their growth. [NIH] Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase. [NIH] Total-body irradiation: Radiation therapy to the entire body. Usually followed by bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicokinetics: Study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of test substances. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxin: A poison; frequently used to refer specifically to a protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals, and pathogenic bacteria, which is highly toxic for other living organisms. Such substances are differentiated from the simple chemical poisons and the vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicity. [EU] Trace element: Substance or element essential to plant or animal life, but present in extremely small amounts. [NIH] Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. [NIH] Transcriptase: An enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of a complementary mRNA molecule from a DNA template in the presence of a mixture of the four ribonucleotides (ATP, UTP, GTP and CTP). [NIH]

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Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfer Factor: Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients. [NIH] Transfusion: The infusion of components of blood or whole blood into the bloodstream. The blood may be donated from another person, or it may have been taken from the person earlier and stored until needed. [NIH] Translation: The process whereby the genetic information present in the linear sequence of ribonucleotides in mRNA is converted into a corresponding sequence of amino acids in a protein. It occurs on the ribosome and is unidirectional. [NIH] Translocation: The movement of material in solution inside the body of the plant. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Transverse Colon: The part of the colon that goes across the abdomen from right to left. [NIH]

Treatment Failure: A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series. [NIH] Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, practicability, etc., of these interventions in individual cases or series. [NIH]

Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. [NIH] Tumor marker: A substance sometimes found in an increased amount in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues and which may mean that a certain type of cancer is in the body. Examples of tumor markers include CA 125 (ovarian cancer), CA 15-3 (breast cancer), CEA (ovarian, lung, breast, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract cancers), and PSA (prostate cancer). Also called biomarker. [NIH] Tumor Necrosis Factor: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes which has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. It mimics the action of endotoxin but differs from it. It has a molecular weight of less than 70,000 kDa. [NIH] Tumor suppressor gene: Genes in the body that can suppress or block the development of cancer. [NIH] Tumour: 1. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations; morbid enlargement. 2. A new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive; called also neoplasm. [EU] Tunica: A rather vague term to denote the lining coat of hollow organs, tubes, or cavities. [NIH]

Ulcerative colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon that produces ulcers in its lining. This condition is marked by abdominal pain, cramps, and loose discharges of pus, blood, and mucus from the bowel. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH]

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Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Uvea: The middle coat of the eyeball, consisting of the choroid in the back of the eye and the ciliary body and iris in the front of the eye. [NIH] Uveitis: An inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (the sclera and cornea, and the retina). [EU] Vaccination: Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis. [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vas Deferens: The excretory duct of the testes that carries spermatozoa. It rises from the scrotum and joins the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF. A substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation. [NIH] Vasodilation: Physiological dilation of the blood vessels without anatomic change. For dilation with anatomic change, dilatation, pathologic or aneurysm (or specific aneurysm) is used. [NIH] VE: The total volume of gas either inspired or expired in one minute. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Venous blood: Blood that has given up its oxygen to the tissues and carries carbon dioxide back for gas exchange. [NIH] Ventricles: Fluid-filled cavities in the heart or brain. [NIH] Vertebrae: A bony unit of the segmented spinal column. [NIH] Vertebral: Of or pertaining to a vertebra. [EU] Vestibule: A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Vinblastine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. It is a mitotic inhibitor. [NIH] Vinca Alkaloids: A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agents. [NIH] Vincristine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca

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alkaloids. [NIH] Vinorelbine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. [NIH] Viral: Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus. [EU] Viral Load: The quantity of measurable virus in the blood. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is used as a surrogate marker in HIV disease progression. [NIH] Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus. [NIH] Virion: A complete, mature, infectious virus particle. [NIH] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Viscera: Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen. [NIH] Vitiligo: A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Vivo: Outside of or removed from the body of a living organism. [NIH] Vulva: The external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Windpipe: A rigid tube, 10 cm long, extending from the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra. [NIH] Womb: A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the impregnated ovum is developed into a child. [NIH] Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue. [NIH] Xenograft: The cells of one species transplanted to another species. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] X-ray therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. X-ray therapy is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and irradiation. [NIH]

268 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Yellow Fever: An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. [NIH] Yellow Fever Virus: The type species of the Flavivirus genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. [NIH] Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers. [NIH] Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chainterminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. [NIH] Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIVinduced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. [NIH] Zoster: A virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches, characterized by discrete areas of vesiculation of the epithelium of the forehead, the nose, the eyelids, and the cornea together with subepithelial infiltration. [NIH] Zymogen: Inactive form of an enzyme which can then be converted to the active form, usually by excision of a polypeptide, e. g. trypsinogen is the zymogen of trypsin. [NIH]

269

INDEX 3 3-dimensional, 134, 203 A Abdomen, 200, 203, 209, 212, 215, 230, 236, 237, 238, 246, 247, 256, 260, 261, 263, 265, 267 Abdominal, 203, 221, 241, 246, 256, 265 Abdominal Pain, 203, 265 Abortion, 203, 208 Abscess, 203, 258, 260 Acantholysis, 203, 247 Acidity, 203, 248 Acidosis, 131, 203, 265 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 203 Actin, 203, 243 Actinomycosis, 203 Acute leukemia, 116, 203, 224, 251 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 203, 245 Acute lymphocytic leukemia, 203, 239 Acute myelogenous leukemia, 125, 203, 204 Acute myeloid leukemia, 136, 151, 204, 251 Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, 204 Acute renal, 204, 231 Adaptability, 204, 214 Adenocarcinoma, 120, 204, 231 Adenovirus, 204 Adipose Tissue, 204 Adjuvant, 204, 227 Adjuvant Therapy, 204 Adnexa, 117, 204 Adolescence, 204 Adrenal Cortex, 204, 219, 251 Adrenal Glands, 118, 204 Adrenal insufficiency, 204 Adverse Effect, 204, 259 Affinity, 204, 205, 209, 259 Age-Adjusted, 111, 204 Agonist, 205, 222, 262 Albumin, 205, 249 Algorithms, 205, 211 Alkaline, 203, 205, 212 Alkaloid, 205, 213, 253 Alkylating Agents, 205, 212, 213, 215 Alleles, 205 Allergen, 205, 258

Allium, 205 Allogeneic, 154, 205, 230, 231, 248 Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, 205 Alopecia, 205, 219 Alpha Particles, 205, 254 Alternative medicine, 173, 205 Aluminum, 205, 268 Alveolitis, 206 Amifostine, 206 Amino Acid Sequence, 206, 207, 225 Ampulla, 206, 223 Amyloid, 206 Anaesthesia, 206, 234 Anal, 206, 224, 226, 243 Analgesic, 206, 253 Analog, 206, 237 Anaplasia, 206 Anaplastic, 114, 122, 148, 160, 161, 206 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 148, 160, 161, 206 Anastomosis, 206 Anatomical, 206, 209, 215, 234, 258 Androgens, 204, 206, 219 Anemia, 206, 243, 263, 268 Angiogenesis, 131, 206, 223 Angiogenesis inhibitor, 206, 223 Animal model, 131, 206 Anions, 205, 207, 237 Aniridia, 207 Annealing, 207, 250 Anterior chamber, 207, 237 Anthracycline, 207, 220, 224, 233 Antibacterial, 207, 260 Antibiotic, 207, 220, 222, 224, 233, 260 Antibodies, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 207, 208, 209, 224, 230, 233, 239, 243, 249, 254, 257 Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, 207, 208 Antibodies, Antiphospholipid, 207, 208 Antibody therapy, 145, 147, 152, 157, 161, 207 Anticoagulant, 207, 208, 252 Antiemetic, 207, 230, 242 Antigen, 204, 207, 213, 217, 220, 224, 229, 232, 233, 234, 235, 240, 258 Antigen-presenting cell, 207, 220 Anti-infective, 208, 236

270 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Anti-inflammatory, 208, 219, 221, 229, 246, 251 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 208, 219 Antimetabolite, 208, 220, 224, 242 Antineoplastic, 205, 208, 211, 213, 216, 219, 222, 235, 241, 242, 246, 250, 255, 264, 266 Antineoplastic Agents, 205, 208, 241, 266 Antineoplastic antibiotics, 208, 255 Antiphospholipid Syndrome, 207, 208 Antipyretic, 208, 253 Antiviral, 208, 220, 235, 236 Anus, 206, 208, 212, 217 Aplasia, 119, 208, 222 Aplastic anemia, 190, 208 Apoptosis, 121, 131, 208, 213 Aqueous, 208, 210, 220, 223 Arachidonic Acid, 208, 252 Arginine, 208, 235 Arterial, 208, 232, 253 Arteries, 208, 211, 218, 242 Artery, 208, 218, 240, 247, 256 Arthroplasty, 209 Ascending Colon, 209 Asparaginase, 209 Aspartate, 209 Aspirate, 209 Aspiration, 209 Assay, 209 Astrocytes, 209 Astrocytoma, 151, 209 Asymptomatic, 162, 209, 231 Ataxia, 209, 263 Atrial, 209 Atrium, 209 Autoantibodies, 207, 209 Autoantigens, 209 Autonomic, 206, 209 Autopsy, 209 Axilla, 209, 212 B Babesiosis, 209, 253 Bacteria, 203, 207, 209, 210, 220, 223, 225, 242, 249, 260, 264, 266 Bacteriostatic, 205, 210 Bacterium, 210, 231 Barbiturate, 210, 263 Basal cell carcinoma, 210 Basal cells, 210 Basal Ganglia, 209, 210, 227 Basal Ganglia Diseases, 209, 210 Base, 210, 220, 237, 262

Basophils, 210, 230, 238 Benign, 210, 225, 226, 227, 237, 244, 254 Benzene, 210 Beta-pleated, 206, 210 Bilateral, 210, 256 Bile, 210, 219, 227, 237, 238, 251, 261 Bile duct, 210, 251 Bile Pigments, 210, 237 Biliary, 210, 217 Bilirubin, 205, 210, 232 Biochemical, 205, 208, 210, 226, 258 Biological response modifier, 211, 235 Biological therapy, 211, 230, 240 Biomarkers, 211 Biopsy, 200, 211 Biotechnology, 10, 167, 173, 179, 211 Biotransformation, 211 Bladder, 118, 211, 219, 234, 235, 252, 256, 266 Bleomycin, 122, 128, 211 Blister, 211, 247 Blood Coagulation, 211, 212, 263 Blood Platelets, 211, 258, 263 Blood transfusion, 211 Body Fluids, 211, 222, 259, 265 Bolus, 113, 211 Bolus infusion, 211 Bone Marrow Cells, 212, 230, 243 Bone metastases, 212, 227 Bone scan, 212, 257 Bowel, 206, 212, 221, 235, 236, 261, 265 Bowel Movement, 212, 221, 261 Brachial, 212 Brachial Plexus, 212 Brachytherapy, 212, 236, 237, 254, 267 Brain Stem, 151, 212 Brain stem glioma, 151, 212 Branch, 197, 212, 230, 239, 240, 247, 260 Buccal, 212, 239 Busulfan, 212 Butyric Acid, 212, 224 C Calcium, 116, 212, 217, 227, 232 Calcium channel blocker, 116, 212 Calcium Channel Blockers, 116, 212 Camptothecin, 213, 237 Carbohydrate, 213, 219, 250 Carboplatin, 213 Carcinogenic, 205, 210, 213, 235, 245, 251, 261 Carcinogens, 213, 245 Carcinoma, 113, 213

Index 271

Cardiac, 213, 216, 233, 243, 261 Cardiolipins, 208, 213 Cardiotoxicity, 213, 224 Cardiovascular, 213, 259 Carmustine, 116, 213 Case series, 213, 216 Case-Control Studies, 114, 213, 224 Caspase, 213 Castor Oil, 213, 257 Cathode, 213, 227 Cause of Death, 213 CDC2, 213 Cell Death, 208, 214, 224, 229, 262 Cell Differentiation, 214, 261 Cell Division, 210, 214, 224, 230, 236, 241, 242, 249, 252, 258 Cell Lineage, 214 Cell membrane, 212, 214, 248 Cell motility, 214, 231 Cell proliferation, 121, 214 Cell Size, 214, 226 Cell Survival, 214, 230 Central Nervous System, 210, 214, 227, 246, 250, 258 Central retinal artery, 214, 256 Cerebellar, 209, 214, 255 Cerebral, 137, 209, 210, 212, 214 Cerebral Cortex, 209, 214 Cerebral hemispheres, 210, 212, 214 Cerebrovascular, 210, 212, 214, 263 Cerebrum, 214 Cervical, 212, 214 Cervix, 110, 203, 214 Chemokines, 215 Chemotherapeutic agent, 215 Chemotherapy support, 215 Chest cavity, 215, 249 Chest wall, 215, 249 Chin, 215, 241 Chlorambucil, 215, 251 Cholesterol, 210, 215, 261, 262 Chondrocytes, 215, 226 Chorioretinitis, 215, 256 Choroid, 215, 256, 266 Chromatin, 208, 215, 245 Chromosomal, 215, 249, 256, 262 Chromosome, 127, 215, 228, 230, 238, 258, 262 Chromosome Abnormalities, 215 Chronic Disease, 215, 238 Chronic granulocytic leukemia, 215 Chronic leukemia, 215, 230

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 144, 150, 157, 162, 215 Chronic myelogenous leukemia, 215 Cinchona, 215, 253 Cirrhosis, 216, 251 CIS, 114, 185, 186, 216, 256 Cisplatin, 118, 130, 216 C-kit receptor, 216, 260 Cladribine, 216 Clear cell carcinoma, 216, 221 Clinical study, 133, 216 Clinical trial, 143, 163, 179, 216, 218, 219, 243, 247, 253, 254 Clone, 216 Cloning, 211, 216 Coagulation, 208, 211, 216, 230, 249, 263 Coal, 210, 216 Cofactor, 216, 252, 263 Colitis, 216 Collapse, 216, 249 Colloidal, 205, 216 Colon, 209, 216, 217, 231, 235, 237, 265 Colorectal, 217 Combination chemotherapy, 110, 113, 120, 127, 128, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152, 158, 217 Combined Modality Therapy, 217 Common Bile Duct, 136, 217, 219 Communis, 213, 217, 257 Complement, 217, 249, 258 Complementary and alternative medicine, 125, 139, 217 Complementary medicine, 125, 217 Complete remission, 130, 154, 217, 255 Complete response, 217 Computational Biology, 179, 218 Computed tomography, 128, 137, 138, 218, 257 Computerized tomography, 218 Concomitant, 218 Congenita, 218, 222, 253 Congestion, 218, 224 Conjugated, 218 Connective Tissue, 208, 211, 218, 226, 227, 239, 241, 256, 257, 262 Connective Tissue Diseases, 208, 218 Consolidation therapy, 218 Constitutional, 218, 256 Consumption, 172, 218 Contamination, 218 Continuous infusion, 113, 135, 218 Contraindications, ii, 218 Control group, 218, 254

272 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Cornea, 207, 218, 257, 261, 266, 268 Coronary, 218, 242 Coronary Thrombosis, 218, 242 Cortical, 219, 258, 263 Corticosteroid, 219, 251 Cortisol, 205, 219 Cortisone, 219, 221, 251 Cranial, 219, 225, 246, 247, 260 Criterion, 219 Crossing-over, 219, 255 Cryoglobulinemia, 219 Cryptococcosis, 219 Curative, 219 Cutaneous, 146, 148, 159, 219, 232, 239 Cyclic, 219, 252 Cyclin, 219 Cyclosporine, 161, 219 Cyst, 209, 219 Cystic Duct, 217, 219 Cystitis, 219 Cytarabine, 118, 130, 219 Cytokine, 120, 220, 226, 236, 263 Cytoplasm, 208, 210, 214, 220, 223, 239, 243, 245, 257 Cytosine, 220, 253 Cytotoxic, 116, 220, 236, 254, 265 Cytotoxic chemotherapy, 116, 220 Cytotoxicity, 216, 220 D Daunorubicin, 220, 222 Defense Mechanisms, 220 Degenerative, 220, 231 Deletion, 208, 220 Delivery of Health Care, 220, 228 Dementia, 203, 220, 244 Denaturation, 220, 250 Dendrites, 220 Dendritic, 220, 241 Dendritic cell, 220 Density, 220, 226, 245 Dental Caries, 220, 227 Deoxyglucose, 136, 220 Depigmentation, 220, 267 Dermal, 221, 222 DES, 111, 135, 221 Dexamethasone, 113, 127, 130, 221 Diabetes Insipidus, 221 Diabetes Mellitus, 221, 229, 231 Diagnostic procedure, 173, 221 Diaphragm, 221, 249 Diathesis, 221, 230 Digestion, 210, 212, 221, 236, 238, 261

Digestive system, 164, 221 Dilatation, 203, 221, 251, 266 Direct, iii, 221, 222, 253, 255 Discrete, 221, 249, 268 Discrimination, 221 Disease Progression, 154, 221, 267 Dissociation, 204, 221 Docetaxel, 135, 221 Dopamine, 222, 242 Dose-dependent, 222, 268 Dosimetry, 126, 134, 222 Doxorubicin, 110, 113, 149, 222, 224 Drive, ii, vii, 109, 222 Drug Tolerance, 222, 264 Duct, 206, 217, 222, 257, 266 Duodenum, 210, 222, 223, 237, 261 Dyes, 206, 210, 222, 226, 245 Dystrophy, 222 E Ectoderm, 222 Ectodermal Dysplasia, 222 Effector, 217, 222 Effusion, 222, 239 Electrolyte, 219, 222, 242, 259 Emaciation, 203, 222 Embryo, 203, 214, 222, 223, 234 Embryogenesis, 223, 261 Empyema, 223 Emulsions, 223 Encapsulated, 223, 238 Encephalitis, 223 Encephalomyelitis, 223 Encephalopathy, 223 Endemic, 223 Endogenous, 209, 222, 223 Endoscope, 223 Endoscopic, 223 Endostatin, 223 Endothelial cell, 223, 226, 263 Endotoxin, 223, 265 Enhancer, 223 Environmental Exposure, 223, 245 Environmental Health, 178, 180, 223 Enzymatic, 206, 212, 217, 220, 223, 250, 256 Enzyme, 209, 213, 222, 223, 228, 241, 249, 250, 253, 255, 263, 264, 267, 268 Eosinophil, 223, 230 Epidemic, 224 Epidemiologic Studies, 224, 228 Epidemiological, 224 Epidermis, 203, 210, 211, 222, 224, 247 Epidural, 224, 260

Index 273

Epirubicin, 121, 128, 150, 224 Epithelial, 204, 224, 231 Epithelial Cells, 224, 231 Epithelium, 224, 237, 268 Epitopes, 224 Erythema, 114, 224 Erythrocytes, 206, 209, 211, 224, 255, 258 Erythropoietin, 224 Escalation, 224 Esophagus, 221, 224, 248, 261 Estrogen, 224, 251, 258, 262 Ether, 224 Ethionine, 224 Eukaryotic Cells, 213, 225, 234 Excitation, 225, 226 Exogenous, 211, 223, 225 Exon, 225 Exostoses, 225 Extensor, 225, 267 External-beam radiation, 225, 237, 254, 267 Extracellular, 206, 209, 218, 225, 259 Extraocular, 204, 225 Extravasation, 225, 230 Extremity, 212, 225 Eye Infections, 204, 225 F Facial, 225, 240, 247 Facial Nerve, 225, 247 Family Planning, 179, 225 Fat, 204, 208, 211, 212, 219, 225, 238, 250, 256, 259 Fatigue, 225 Fatty acids, 205, 225, 252 Febrile, 225 Femur, 225 Fetus, 203, 224, 225, 266 Fibrin, 211, 225, 263 Fibroblast Growth Factor, 225 Fibroid, 226, 237 Fibrosis, 226, 257, 258 Filgrastim, 119, 147, 150, 226 Fistula, 226 Fixation, 226, 258 Flavivirus, 226, 268 Flow Cytometry, 113, 226 Fludarabine, 119, 144, 226 Fluorescence, 226 Fluorescent Dyes, 226 Fluorine, 136, 227 Fold, 227, 241

Follicular large cell lymphoma, 157, 158, 159, 160, 227 Follow-Up Studies, 227 Fungus, 219, 227, 243 G Gallbladder, 203, 210, 219, 221, 227 Gallium, 128, 130, 132, 137, 154, 200, 227 Gallium nitrate, 154, 227 Gamma Cameras, 227 Gamma Rays, 227, 254 Ganglia, 206, 210, 227, 244 Ganglion, 227, 246, 268 Gas, 227, 232, 245, 249, 266 Gasoline, 210, 227 Gastric, 224, 227 Gastrin, 227, 232 Gastrointestinal, 226, 227, 237, 251, 258, 261, 265 Gastrointestinal tract, 226, 227, 237, 258, 265 Gelatin, 227, 229, 263 Gemcitabine, 228 Gene Amplification, 228 Gene Expression, 188, 228 Gene Rearrangement, 228 Gene Therapy, 151, 204, 228 Genetic Markers, 149, 228 Genetic testing, 228, 250 Genetics, 228, 247 Genital, 216, 228, 267 Genomics, 228 Genotype, 228 Geographic Locations, 228 Germ Cells, 228, 241, 246, 259, 262 Giant Cells, 228, 257 Gland, 129, 167, 204, 219, 229, 239, 246, 247, 248, 252, 258, 261, 263, 264 Glioma, 229 Glomerular, 229 Glomeruli, 229 Glomerulonephritis, 229 Glomerulosclerosis, 229 Glomerulus, 229, 244 Glucans, 229 Glucocorticoid, 221, 229, 251 Glucose, 220, 221, 229, 231, 257 Glycine, 206, 229, 258 Glycoprotein, 224, 229, 230, 263, 265 Goiter, 229 Gonadal, 229, 261 Governing Board, 229, 250 Grading, 229

274 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Graft, 111, 154, 229, 230, 232, 234 Graft Rejection, 229, 234 Graft-versus-host disease, 230 Granisetron, 113, 230 Granulocyte-Macrophage ColonyStimulating Factor, 230 Granulomas, 230 Groin, 230, 235 Growth, 120, 144, 156, 157, 162, 204, 206, 207, 208, 210, 214, 223, 225, 229, 230, 231, 235, 240, 244, 245, 249, 253, 258, 260, 263, 264, 265 Growth factors, 230 H Haematological, 230 Haematuria, 230 Haemophilia, 230 Hairy cell leukemia, 114, 230 Haptens, 204, 230 Heart Transplantation, 230 Hematogenous, 230 Hematologic malignancies, 122, 230 Hematoma, 230 Hematopoiesis, 231 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 231 Hematopoietic Stem Cells, 231 Hematopoietic tissue, 211, 231 Hemoglobin, 206, 224, 231, 263 Hemoglobinopathies, 228, 231 Hemolytic, 231, 263 Hemorrhage, 231, 257, 261, 262 Hepatic, 205, 217, 231 Hepatitis, 141, 231 Hepatitis C, 141, 231 Hepatocellular, 231 Hepatocellular carcinoma, 231 Hepatocyte, 231 Hepatocyte Growth Factor, 231 Hereditary, 207, 218, 222, 231, 263 Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, 231 Heredity, 228, 231 Heterodimer, 231 Heterogeneity, 204, 232 Histidine, 232, 235 Histology, 232, 246 Homologous, 205, 219, 228, 232, 243, 258 Hormonal, 219, 232, 240 Hormonal therapy, 232, 240 Hormone, 204, 219, 221, 224, 227, 232, 236, 251, 257, 263, 264

Hormone therapy, 204, 232 Host, 154, 209, 232, 233, 234, 256, 262, 266, 267 Hybrid, 216, 232 Hydrogen, 203, 210, 213, 220, 232, 242, 244, 248, 253, 268 Hydrolysis, 211, 216, 232, 253 Hyperbilirubinemia, 232, 237 Hypercalcemia, 227, 232 Hyperplasia, 232 Hypersensitivity, 205, 223, 232, 257, 258 Hypertension, 212, 232 Hyperthyroidism, 232 Hypertrophy, 225, 232 Hyperuricemia, 232, 265 Hypesthesia, 232 Hypnotic, 210, 232, 263 Hypogammaglobulinemia, 232 Hypoglycemia, 131, 233 Hypophyseal, 233 Hypophysis, 233, 258 Hypoplasia, 222, 233 Hypothyroidism, 233 Hypoxia, 233, 263 I Ibritumomab tiuxetan, 155, 233 Id, 123, 139, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190, 196, 198, 233 Idarubicin, 121, 233 Idiopathic, 233, 257 Idiotype, 233 Ileal, 233 Ileum, 233, 237 Immune Sera, 233 Immune system, 150, 153, 158, 207, 208, 211, 233, 234, 239, 240, 266, 267 Immunity, 203, 233, 234, 236, 265 Immunization, 10, 233, 234, 258 Immunocompromised, 233 Immunoconjugates, 233 Immunodeficiency syndrome, 234 Immunogenic, 234 Immunoglobulin, 207, 234, 242 Immunologic, 133, 233, 234, 254, 268 Immunology, 111, 204, 226, 234 Immunosuppressant, 205, 234, 242 Immunosuppressive, 219, 229, 234 Immunosuppressive therapy, 234 Immunotherapy, 172, 211, 234 Immunotoxin, 110, 234 Impairment, 209, 225, 234, 241 Implant radiation, 234, 236, 237, 254, 267

Index 275

Impotence, 234, 260 In situ, 234 In Situ Hybridization, 234 In vitro, 116, 228, 234, 250, 262 In vivo, 228, 234 Incidental, 234 Incision, 234, 236, 237, 252, 256 Incontinence, 234, 260 Indicative, 165, 234, 247, 266 Indolent lymphoma, 234, 238 Induction therapy, 115, 235 Infarction, 219, 235, 242 Infiltration, 116, 131, 229, 235, 268 Inflammatory bowel disease, 235 Infusion, 115, 133, 135, 154, 235, 265 Inguinal, 235 Inguinal Hernia, 235 Initiator, 235, 236 Innervation, 212, 225, 235 Inorganic, 216, 235, 243, 249 Insecticides, 235, 248 Interferon Alfa-2a, 117, 235 Interferon Alfa-2b, 120, 235 Interferon-alpha, 115, 235, 236 Interleukin-1, 159, 236 Interleukin-12, 159, 236 Interleukin-18, 236 Interleukin-2, 151, 236 Internal radiation, 236, 237, 254, 267 Interphase, 236 Interstitial, 212, 236, 237, 244, 267 Intestinal, 236 Intestinal Mucosa, 236 Intestine, 212, 236, 237 Intracellular, 212, 235, 236, 252 Intramuscular, 230, 236 Intraocular, 236 Intravenous, 235, 236 Intrinsic, 204, 236 Invasive, 233, 236, 240 Iodine, 156, 161, 236 Iodine-131, 156, 161, 236 Ionizing, 205, 223, 236, 254 Ions, 203, 210, 221, 222, 232, 236 Irinotecan, 112, 113, 116, 127, 131, 159, 237 Iris, 207, 218, 237, 266 Irradiance, 237 Irradiation, 237, 267 J Jaundice, 232, 237 Jejunum, 237 Joint, 209, 237, 262

K Kb, 178, 237 Kinetic, 236, 237 L Lacrimal, 204, 225, 237 Lacrimal Apparatus, 204, 237 Lactation, 237, 251 Lamivudine, 237 Laparotomy, 201, 237 Large Intestine, 221, 236, 237, 255, 259 Larynx, 237, 264 Latency, 237 Leiomyoma, 226, 237 Length of Stay, 238 Lethal, 238, 257 Lethargy, 233, 238 Leucocyte, 223, 238, 239 Leukaemia, 115, 167, 238 Leukocytes, 210, 211, 215, 236, 238, 243, 245, 265 Leukoencephalopathy, 238 Leukopenia, 238, 268 Library Services, 196, 238 Ligament, 238, 252 Linkage, 228, 238 Lipid, 223, 238 Liposomal, 132, 160, 238 Liver Neoplasms, 224, 238 Liver scan, 238, 257 Localization, 114, 238 Localized, 122, 220, 223, 226, 230, 235, 238, 249, 260 Low-grade lymphomas, 238 Lubricants, 238, 248 Lupus, 207, 208, 239, 262 Lutein Cells, 239, 251 Lyme Disease, 239 Lymph, 199, 200, 214, 223, 239, 243, 257 Lymph node, 199, 200, 214, 239, 243, 257 Lymphadenopathy, 239 Lymphatic, 136, 188, 206, 227, 235, 239, 241, 249, 259, 260, 263 Lymphatic system, 206, 227, 239, 259, 260, 263 Lymphoblastic, 115, 118, 154, 157, 160, 239 Lymphoblasts, 203, 239 Lymphocyte, 203, 207, 239, 240 Lymphocyte Count, 203, 239 Lymphocytic, 144, 150, 157, 159, 160, 162, 238, 239 Lymphocytosis, 239 Lymphoid, 207, 238, 239, 240, 245, 264

276 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Lymphoma, Follicular, 239, 245 Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic, 239, 245 Lymphoproliferative, 216, 240, 245, 265 Lymphoproliferative Disorders, 240, 265 Lysine, 235, 240 Lytic, 240, 258 M Macrophage, 230, 236, 240 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 128, 132, 240, 257 Maintenance therapy, 115, 240 Malignancy, 201, 240 Malignant tumor, 240, 243, 246, 256 Malnutrition, 205, 240 Mammary, 240, 262 Mandible, 215, 240 Maxillary, 240, 247 Maxillary Sinus, 240 Meatus, 240 Mediate, 222, 240 Mediator, 236, 240, 259 Medical oncologist, 240 Medical Records, 240, 256 Medicament, 205, 241 MEDLINE, 179, 241 Meiosis, 241, 243 Melanin, 220, 237, 241 Melanocytes, 241 Melanoma, 241 Membrane, 209, 214, 215, 217, 225, 233, 237, 241, 243, 246, 248, 249, 253, 256 Memory, 220, 241 Meningeal, 122, 241 Meninges, 214, 241 Meningioma, 162, 241 Mental, v, 164, 178, 180, 214, 215, 220, 221, 225, 233, 241, 253 Mental Disorders, 164, 241 Mercury, 226, 241 Mesenchymal, 230, 241 Mesenteric, 241 Mesentery, 241 Mesna, 118, 241 Metabolic disorder, 221, 241 Metabolite, 211, 241, 251 Metastasis, 241, 242 Metastatic, 242, 258 Methionine, 224, 242, 261 Methotrexate, 165, 242 Methylprednisolone, 242 Metoclopramide, 113, 242 MI, 122, 127, 201, 242

Microbe, 242, 264 Microorganism, 216, 242, 247, 267 Microtubules, 242, 246 Mineralocorticoids, 204, 219, 242 Mitosis, 208, 213, 242 Mitotic, 221, 224, 242, 262, 266 Mitoxantrone, 113, 118, 121, 127, 242 Mobilization, 116, 130, 132, 242 Modification, 206, 242, 253, 268 Monitor, 242, 245 Monoclonal, 112, 138, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 233, 237, 242, 243, 254, 257, 267 Monocytes, 236, 238, 243, 263 Mononuclear, 243, 265 Morphology, 230, 243 Motion Sickness, 243, 244 Mucocutaneous, 243 Mucosa, 239, 243, 244, 251 Mucus, 243, 265 Multicenter study, 112, 130, 243 Multiple Myeloma, 165, 166, 243 Multivalent, 243 Multivariate Analysis, 119, 243 Muscle Fibers, 243 Muscular Dystrophies, 222, 243 Mycosis, 146, 159, 185, 243, 245 Mycosis Fungoides, 146, 159, 185, 243, 245 Myelodysplasia, 116, 243 Myelodysplastic syndrome, 125, 151, 243, 259 Myelogenous, 243 Myeloma, 114, 116, 121, 186, 243 Myocardium, 242, 243 Myosin, 243 Myotonia, 244, 253 N Nasal Cavity, 240, 244, 247 Nasal Obstruction, 244 Nasal Septum, 244 Nasopharynx, 244 Natural killer cells, 236, 244 Nausea, 113, 207, 244 Need, 168, 187, 189, 191, 244, 264 Neoplasia, 244 Neoplasm, 244, 257, 260, 265 Neoplastic, 206, 239, 244, 249, 257 Nephritis, 244 Nerve, 209, 212, 215, 220, 225, 227, 235, 240, 244, 246, 258, 261, 268 Nerve Fibers, 212, 244 Nervous System, 214, 239, 240, 244, 261

Index 277

Neuroblastoma, 162, 244 Neuroretinitis, 244, 256 Neurosyphilis, 244 Neutralization, 244 Neutrons, 205, 237, 244, 254 Neutrophils, 226, 230, 238, 245 Nitrogen, 205, 206, 219, 226, 245 Nuclei, 205, 228, 239, 240, 242, 244, 245, 246, 253 Nucleic acid, 220, 234, 245, 253, 268 Nucleus, 208, 210, 215, 219, 220, 225, 227, 241, 243, 244, 245, 252, 253, 261, 262 Nystagmus, 114, 245 O Occult, 245 Occupational Exposure, 245 Ocular, 117, 245 Ointments, 245, 246 Oncogene, 231, 245, 261 Oncogenic, 245, 253 Oncologist, 240, 245 Opacity, 220, 245 Operon, 245, 255 Opportunistic Infections, 203, 246 Optic cup, 207, 246 Optic Nerve, 244, 246, 256, 257 Orbit, 246 Orbital, 217, 246 Osmotic, 205, 246 Osteogenic sarcoma, 246 Osteosarcoma, 162, 246 Outpatient, 246 Ovary, 246 Overall survival, 246 Ovum, 246, 251, 267 Oxaliplatin, 153, 246 P Paclitaxel, 118, 126, 133, 134, 135, 158, 161, 246 Paediatric, 115, 246 Palate, 244, 246, 264 Pancreas, 203, 211, 221, 246, 265 Pancreatic, 224, 246 Pancreatic cancer, 224, 246 Paraffin, 134, 246 Paranasal Sinuses, 240, 247 Parietal, 247, 249 Parotid, 129, 247, 257 Partial remission, 111, 247, 255 Partial response, 130, 247 Parturition, 247, 251 Patella, 122, 247

Pathogen, 247, 262 Pathogenesis, 247 Pathologic, 203, 208, 211, 218, 232, 247, 266 Pathologic Processes, 208, 247 Pathophysiology, 247 PDQ, 184, 185, 187, 247 Pelvic, 247, 252 Pelvis, 203, 247, 266 Pemphigus, 203, 247 Peptide, 206, 225, 247, 253, 264 Perforation, 247 Performance status, 120, 247 Perfusion, 233, 247 Pericarditis, 247 Pericardium, 247, 248, 262 Perineal, 248, 254 Periodontitis, 248 Peripheral stem cell transplantation, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 161, 248, 264 Peripheral stem cells, 149, 230, 248 Pesticides, 114, 235, 248 Petroleum, 227, 246, 248 PH, 133, 137, 248 Pharmacokinetic, 248 Pharmacologic, 248, 264 Pharynx, 233, 244, 248, 264 Phospholipids, 207, 208, 213, 225, 248 Phosphorus, 212, 248 Physiologic, 205, 248, 252, 255 Physiology, 248, 262 Phytotoxin, 248, 257 Pilot study, 110, 113, 127, 248 Pituitary Gland, 219, 225, 248 Plants, 205, 229, 243, 248, 250, 257, 264 Plasma, 205, 207, 213, 214, 227, 231, 242, 243, 249, 258, 267 Plasma cells, 207, 243, 249 Plasma protein, 205, 249 Plasmacytoma, 117, 249 Plasmid, 228, 249 Platelet Count, 249 Platelets, 249, 263 Platinum, 216, 246, 249 Platinum Compounds, 246, 249 Pleura, 249 Pleural, 249 Pleural cavity, 249 Plexus, 212, 249 Pneumococcal Vaccines, 10, 249 Pneumonia, 218, 249 Pneumonitis, 122, 249

278 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Pneumothorax, 249 Podophyllotoxin, 224, 249, 262 Poisoning, 241, 244, 250 Polymerase, 250, 255 Polymerase Chain Reaction, 250 Polymorphism, 250 Polysaccharide, 207, 250 Polyunsaturated fat, 250 Polyvalent, 10, 250 Pons, 212, 250 Port, 250 Port-a-cath, 250 Posterior, 206, 209, 215, 237, 246, 250, 257, 260, 264 Postnatal, 250, 261 Potentiates, 236, 250 Practicability, 250, 265 Practice Guidelines, 180, 250 Preclinical, 129, 250 Precursor, 208, 219, 222, 223, 250, 251 Prednimustine, 251 Prednisolone, 242, 251 Prednisone, 110, 115, 119, 121, 128, 149, 251 Preleukemia, 243, 251, 259 Prevalence, 251 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, 251 Probe, 251 Prodrug, 129, 251 Progeny, 251 Progesterone, 251, 261 Prognostic factor, 115, 251 Progression, 207, 251 Progressive, 145, 156, 214, 216, 220, 222, 224, 230, 243, 251, 265 Projection, 220, 246, 251, 255 Prolactin, 251 Promoter, 251 Promyelocytic leukemia, 126, 251 Prone, 251 Prophase, 243, 252 Prophylaxis, 252, 266 Proportional, 228, 252 Prospective study, 114, 252 Prostaglandin, 252 Prostaglandins A, 252 Prostate, 211, 252, 254, 256, 265 Prostatectomy, 252, 254 Protective Agents, 212, 252 Protein C, 205, 206, 252 Protein S, 167, 211, 252, 257 Proteinuria, 229, 243, 253

Proteolytic, 217, 253, 257 Protocol, 115, 137, 151, 162, 253 Protons, 205, 232, 236, 253, 254 Proto-Oncogene Proteins, 246, 253 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos, 246, 253 Proximal, 244, 253, 258 Pruritus, 253 Psychic, 241, 253, 258 Public Policy, 179, 253 Pulmonary, 119, 218, 253 Purines, 253, 258 Pyrimidines, 253, 258 Q Quality of Life, 253, 262 Quiescent, 253, 267 Quinine, 126, 216, 253 R Radical prostatectomy, 254 Radioactive, 152, 155, 212, 232, 234, 236, 237, 238, 243, 245, 254, 257, 267 Radioisotope, 233, 254 Radiolabeled, 138, 152, 155, 162, 237, 254, 267 Radiological, 254 Radiotherapy, 111, 137, 155, 212, 237, 254, 267 Random Allocation, 254 Randomization, 120, 254 Randomized, 110, 112, 114, 119, 122, 126, 130, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 160, 161, 222, 254 Randomized clinical trial, 112, 254 Reactivation, 255 Rebeccamycin, 162, 163, 255 Receptor, 207, 216, 222, 230, 231, 255, 259 Recombinant, 117, 119, 235, 255 Recombination, 228, 255 Rectum, 208, 212, 217, 221, 227, 234, 235, 237, 252, 255 Recurrence, 255 Red blood cells, 224, 231, 255, 257 Red Nucleus, 209, 255 Reductase, 242, 255 Refer, 1, 212, 217, 226, 238, 245, 254, 255, 264 Refraction, 255, 260 Regeneration, 226, 255 Relapse, 113, 255 Remission, 112, 117, 240, 255 Remission Induction, 112, 255 Renal cell carcinoma, 255 Repressor, 245, 255

Index 279

Research Support, 255 Resection, 252, 255 Residual disease, 255 Response rate, 120, 255 Restoration, 255, 256, 267 Retina, 214, 215, 244, 246, 256, 266 Retinal, 246, 256 Retinal Artery, 256 Retinitis, 256 Retreatment, 161, 256 Retroperitoneal, 204, 256 Retropubic, 252, 254, 256 Retropubic prostatectomy, 254, 256 Retrospective, 111, 256 Retrospective study, 256 Retrosternal, 256 Retroviral vector, 228, 256 Retrovirus, 256 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 162, 256 Rheumatism, 256 Rheumatoid, 256, 257 Rheumatoid arthritis, 257 Ribosome, 257, 265 Ricin, 110, 257 Risk factor, 114, 119, 224, 252, 257 Risk patient, 257 Rodenticides, 248, 257 S Saliva, 257 Salivary, 221, 225, 246, 257 Salivary glands, 221, 225, 257 Salvage Therapy, 114, 217, 257 Saponins, 257, 261 Sarcoidosis, 118, 257 Sarcoma, 10, 141, 257 Scans, 128, 200, 257 Sclera, 215, 257, 266 Sclerosis, 258 Screening, 188, 216, 247, 258 Secondary tumor, 241, 258 Secretion, 204, 219, 233, 237, 242, 243, 258 Segmental, 229, 258 Segmentation, 258 Segregation, 255, 258 Seizures, 258 Selective estrogen receptor modulator, 258, 262 Sella, 248, 258 Semen, 252, 258 Semisynthetic, 213, 224, 258, 262 Sensitization, 258 Sensory loss, 258, 260, 263

Septal, 258 Sequencing, 250, 258 Serine, 253, 258 Serologic, 258 Serotonin, 230, 258 Serum, 131, 200, 205, 217, 233, 242, 258, 259, 265 Sex Characteristics, 204, 206, 259 Shock, 259 Side effect, 150, 204, 211, 219, 232, 259, 262, 264, 268 Signs and Symptoms, 255, 259 Skeletal, 206, 243, 259 Skeleton, 203, 225, 237, 252, 259 Small cell lung cancer, 134, 259 Small intestine, 219, 222, 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 259 Smoldering leukemia, 243, 259 Smooth muscle, 212, 226, 237, 259, 261 Social Environment, 253, 259 Sodium, 242, 253, 259 Soft tissue, 211, 259 Solid tumor, 151, 156, 157, 162, 163, 206, 211, 222, 223, 259 Solvent, 210, 246, 259 Soma, 114, 259, 260 Somatic, 204, 223, 241, 242, 260 Soybean Oil, 250, 260 Specialist, 186, 191, 260 Species, 205, 214, 219, 226, 232, 241, 242, 260, 261, 265, 267, 268 Specificity, 204, 251, 260 Spectrum, 260 Sperm, 206, 215, 260 Spermatic, 260 Sphenoid, 247, 258, 260 Sphincter, 237, 260 Spinal cord, 209, 212, 214, 215, 223, 224, 227, 241, 244, 260 Spinal Cord Compression, 260 Spinal Fractures, 260 Spirochete, 239, 260, 262 Spleen, 136, 239, 257, 260 Splenectomy, 260 Splenomegaly, 260 Spondylitis, 260 Squamous, 260 Stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 162, 260 Staging, 120, 134, 137, 257, 260 Stem Cell Factor, 216, 260

280 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Stem cell transplantation, 111, 125, 126, 131, 136, 145, 146, 147, 149, 152, 154, 155, 161, 231, 261 Stem Cells, 117, 120, 205, 224, 231, 248, 261 Sterility, 219, 261 Sternum, 256, 261 Steroid, 219, 251, 257, 261 Stimulus, 222, 225, 235, 237, 261 Stomach, 203, 221, 224, 227, 232, 244, 248, 259, 260, 261 Stool, 217, 234, 237, 261 Strand, 250, 261 Stress, 219, 244, 257, 261 Stroke, 164, 178, 261 Stroma, 237, 261 Subacute, 235, 261 Subclinical, 235, 258, 261 Subcutaneous, 156, 230, 238, 261 Subspecies, 260, 261 Substance P, 241, 258, 261 Sulfur, 237, 242, 261 Superinfection, 261 Support group, 201, 262 Supportive care, 247, 262 Suppression, 219, 262, 268 Survival Rate, 246, 262 Symphysis, 215, 252, 262 Symptomatic, 262 Synergistic, 251, 262 Syphilis, 213, 244, 262 Systemic, 115, 207, 208, 235, 237, 251, 254, 257, 262, 265, 267 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 207, 208, 262 Systole, 262 T Tamoxifen, 258, 262 Tamponade, 262 Telomere, 230, 262 Teniposide, 158, 262 Terminator, 262, 268 Testicular, 262 Testis, 260, 262 Thalamic, 209, 262, 263 Thalamic Diseases, 209, 263 Thalassemia, 263 Thalidomide, 162, 263 Thermal, 221, 244, 250, 263 Thiamine, 114, 263 Thoracic, 212, 221, 249, 263, 267 Thorax, 203, 263 Threonine, 253, 258, 263

Thrombin, 225, 252, 263 Thrombocytopenia, 263 Thrombomodulin, 252, 263 Thrombopenia, 208, 263 Thromboses, 208, 263 Thrombosis, 253, 261, 263 Thrombus, 218, 235, 263 Thymus, 233, 239, 263 Thyroid, 117, 118, 133, 229, 232, 233, 236, 263, 264 Thyroid Gland, 117, 229, 232, 263, 264 Thyroid Hormones, 263, 264 Thyroiditis, 263 Thyrotoxicosis, 263 Thyrotropin, 233, 264 Thyroxine, 205, 264 Ticks, 226, 239, 264 Tolerance, 204, 264 Tomography, 120, 128, 129, 135, 136, 137, 138, 218, 257, 264 Tonsil, 264 Topical, 246, 264 Topoisomerase inhibitors, 237, 264 Topotecan, 118, 134, 264 Total-body irradiation, 155, 264 Toxic, v, 205, 210, 215, 220, 223, 233, 234, 248, 249, 264, 268 Toxicity, 119, 137, 213, 233, 241, 251, 264 Toxicokinetics, 264 Toxicology, 180, 264 Toxin, 223, 264 Trace element, 227, 264 Trachea, 237, 248, 263, 264 Transcriptase, 237, 256, 264, 268 Transfection, 211, 228, 265 Transfer Factor, 233, 265 Transfusion, 111, 115, 231, 265 Translation, 206, 265 Translocation, 265 Transverse Colon, 265 Treatment Failure, 114, 134, 265 Treatment Outcome, 265 Tumor Lysis Syndrome, 265 Tumor marker, 211, 265 Tumor Necrosis Factor, 263, 265 Tumor suppressor gene, 265 Tumour, 121, 227, 265 Tunica, 243, 265 U Ulcerative colitis, 235, 265 Unconscious, 220, 233, 265 Urethra, 252, 266

Index 281

Urinary, 219, 234, 252, 256, 266 Urine, 144, 211, 221, 230, 234, 253, 266 Uterus, 203, 214, 226, 237, 251, 262, 266 Uvea, 266 Uveitis, 266 V Vaccination, 266 Vaccine, 172, 204, 253, 266 Vagina, 214, 221, 262, 266, 267 Vaginal, 266, 267 Vas Deferens, 260, 266 Vascular, 212, 215, 235, 263, 266 Vascular endothelial growth factor, 266 Vasodilation, 206, 266 VE, 167, 266 Vein, 236, 245, 247, 266 Venous, 208, 249, 253, 266 Venous blood, 249, 266 Ventricles, 262, 266 Vertebrae, 260, 266 Vertebral, 260, 266 Vestibule, 244, 266 Veterinary Medicine, 179, 266 Vinblastine, 266 Vinca Alkaloids, 266, 267 Vincristine, 110, 113, 115, 119, 121, 128, 132, 145, 149, 160, 266 Vinorelbine, 126, 145, 267 Viral, 223, 229, 245, 256, 267, 268

Viral Load, 267 Viral Proteins, 267 Virion, 267 Virulence, 262, 264, 267 Viscera, 241, 243, 260, 267 Vitiligo, 267 Vitro, 267 Vivo, 111, 267 Vulva, 267 W White blood cell, 151, 159, 203, 207, 215, 226, 230, 238, 239, 240, 243, 244, 249, 267 Windpipe, 248, 263, 267 Womb, 266, 267 Wound Healing, 226, 267 X Xenograft, 129, 207, 267 X-ray, 146, 147, 155, 161, 200, 213, 218, 226, 227, 237, 245, 254, 257, 267 X-ray therapy, 237, 267 Y Yellow Fever, 226, 268 Yellow Fever Virus, 226, 268 Yttrium, 155, 233, 268 Z Zalcitabine, 237, 268 Zidovudine, 115, 268 Zoster, 268 Zymogen, 252, 268

282 Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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