Also available in the Technical Japanese Series
Reflections on Science by Naka.,va Ukichiro
Solid-State Physics and Engineering
An Advanced Japanese Reader Translated and edited by Edward E. Daub and Shiro Asano
Technical Japanese Supplement Craig T. Van l)egrift
((Snow crystals are letters sent from the heavens. )) -Nakaya Ukichiro
For anyone learning to comprehend scientifIc articles in Japanese, this reader offers selections from the writings of well-known Japanese scientist, Nakayo Ukichiro. At the time of his death in 1962, the American Meteorological Society Bulletin heralded him as " ... the world's outstanding scientific investigator of snow crystals." Nakaya was a popularizer of science and a brilliant essayist. Here are included excerpts from his classic book The Methods ofScience (I(agaku no Hoohoo) and other literary essays discussing various cultural and social topics in relation to science. English translations accompany the Japanese texts, followed by a glossary. 2003 Paper ISBN 0-299-18104-9
Basic Technical Japanese Edward E. Daub, R. Byron Bird, and Nobuo Inoue Even with no previous training in Japanese language, readers of this book can learn to translate technical manuals' research publications, and reference works. Basic Technical Japanese provides step-by-step instruction, from an introduction to the Japanese writing system through a mastery of grammar and scientific vocabulary to practice in reading actual texts in Japanese. With extensive character charts and vocabulary lists, the book is entirely self-contained; no dictionaries or other reference works are needed. The authors are scientists and engineers with extensive experience in translating Japanese.
This book is a supplement to the textbook Basic Technical Japanese. It introduces 100 new kanji and more than 700 new words and phrases that appear frequently in documents dealing with solid-state physics. The text offers ten lessons, each presenting key vocabulary and ten new kanji that reappear in the exercises for that lesson and in subsequent lessons, reinforcing learning. The exercises emphasize vocabulary building, kanji recognition, definition nlatching, and translation skills. An introductory lesson reviews the katakana and hiragana writing systems. 1995 Paper ISBN 0-299-14734-7
Biotechnology Technical Japanese Supplement James L. Davis
This book is a supplement to the textbook Basic Technical Japanese. It introduces 100 new kanji and more than 1500 technical terms that appear frequently in documents dealing with biotechnology, in addition to reviewing vocabulary containing the 365 kanji presented in Basic Technical Japanese. 1995 Paper ISBN 0-299-14714-2
Polymer Science and Engineering Technical Japanese Supplement R. Byron Bird and Sigmund Floyd
This supplement to Basic Technical Japanese introduces an additional 100 kanji to build vocabulary for reading and translating Japanese literature related to polymer science and engineering. 1995 Paper ISBN 0-299-14694-4
1990 Cloth ISBN 0-299-12730-3
!(anj'i for C;omprehending Technical Japanese !(anj'i-Flash/BTJ Craig T. Van Degrift This DOS software is an electronic tlashcard companion to Basic Technical Japanese. It follows the text chapter by chapter, providing exercises to test the pronunciation and meaning of all 510 kanji and 4000 compound words introduced in the textbook. It also allows missed \\'ords to be saved for retesting. The program requires VCiA or color EGA graphics. 1992 Software ISBN 0-299-97077-9
Edward E. Daub Here are presented twenty kanji, vocabulary that use those kanji, a kanji-card format for study and review, and technical Japanese essays with English translation. This volume also introduces significant scientific vocabulary. 1995 Paper ISBN 0-299-14704-5
Intermediate Technical Japanese Volume 2: Glossary
Intermediate Technical Japanese Volume 2: Glossary
James L. Davis University of Wisconsin-Madison
The University of Wisconsin Press
The University ofWisconsin Press 1930 Monroe Street Madison, Wisconsin 53711 www. wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/
Copyright © 2002 The Board of Regents ofthe University of Wisconsin System All rights reserved 3
5
4
2
Printed in the United States ofAmerica
Cataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-299-18564-8
Table of Contents-Volume 2 Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms Lesson 1: Mathematics I (numbers and sets) Lesson 2: Mathematics IT (matrices, variables and functions) Lesson 3: Mathematics ill (solutions, statistics and models) Lesson 4: Computer Science I (fundamentals; part I) Lesson 5: Computer Science IT (fundamentals; part IT) Lesson 6: Computer Science ill (applications; part I) Lesson 7: Computer Science IV (applications; part IT) Lesson 8: Mechanics I (pressure and vacuum) Lesson 9: Mechanics IT (motion and flow) Lesson 10: Thermodynamics I (fundamentals) Lesson 11: Thermodynamics IT (applications) Lesson 12: Light I (fundamentals) Lesson 13: Light II (wave properties) Lesson 14: Light III (applications) Lesson 15: Sound I (fundamentals) Lesson 16: Sound II (applications) Lesson 17: Magnetism I (fundamentals) Lesson 18: Magnetism II (applications) Lesson 19: Electricity I (fundamentals) . Lesson 20: Electricity II (applications) Lesson 21: Electricity III (semiconductors and superconductors) Lesson 22: Electronics I (transistors and diodes) Lesson 23: Electronics II (other circuit elements and basic circuits) Lesson 24: Electronics III (ICs) Lesson 25: Electronics IV (other circuits and devices) Lesson 26: Signals and Signal Processing I (fundamentals) Lesson 27: Signals and Signal Processing II (applications) Lesson 28: Computer Hardware I general) Lesson 29: Computer Hardware II (memory and recording) Lesson 30: Polymers I (fundamentals) Lesson 31: Polymers II (MW, DP, viscosity and processing) Lesson 32: Polymers ITI (properties and applications) Lesson 33: Materials I (ceramics; fundamentals) Lesson 34: Materials II (ceramics; applications) Lesson 35: Materials III (glass, carbon and diamond)
-v-
1 7 19 33
55 71 83 93
105 123 137 147
155 165
175 185 195
205 215 225 231 239 247 255
261 269 277
285 295 303 309 319 329 341 351 363
Lesson 36: Materials IV (metals) Lesson 37: Materials V (material processing) Lesson 38: Materials VI (material properties) Lesson 39: Interdisciplinary Topics I (magnetic and electrical interactions) Lesson 40: Interdisciplinary Topics IT (electrochemical, biochemical and bioelectronic interactions)
-vi-
375 389 399 407 415
Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms 0.1) connective form of a verb ~BIJO)
I' 7 /'{ 'YO)
~
Ary
fftt
'}/~1
1£~0)
=/10) ... ':?71 G-C t~ fJ t~J
... ~:~tG-C ~fJftJ lfit~.Q
ac~ ~$
special (pure) number {Also read 7J) 9 to refer to a "count"} existence arbitrary with respect to ..., with regard to ..., for ... to be valid, to hold true, to consist of
?7 /t~.Q :t=- :Jry
simple, mere symbol arithmetic operation, algorithm we may consider, we may view
~/~ry
... cc7).-CJ:v) ~ .:L
-~ 7t
7/
~<
7J)<
ry =Jry
set, collection element to write to consist of ..., to be made up of ...
... 7J) Gt~~ 0.2) conjunctive form of a verb
fIJ
r;
ffF9.Q
~3ry9.Q
t~ti. 1 J
t~ti.DC:J
JE~.Q
~t!.~~
1lJ~$j{1j
*S~$j{1j
sum, peace, harmony, Japan to name only one to be determined commutative law associative law
jJjJ/,*ry'j7 7 'Y ':J~ ry ry 'j 7
'*
~~:
I' 7~:
~~~-~tt ~JE ~~
?7~7/1T3'7--t1
especially, in particular multidimensional uniformity test calculation, computation easy, simple pseudorandom number weakness, fault, shortcoming to clarify, to make clear to desire, to wish for
7/71 71~/
~~t~ fI{PJ!L~
~~7/A'7
!XJ~ gij G7J) ~: '9 ~
7'Y7/ 3!> ~ t; 7J) ~:'9 ~
filu
O)~U
3 ry1 t~
DD$ *$
...
addition multiplication concerning ..., regarding ..., for ... distributive law zero element unit element commutative field to make, to create, to prepare, to manufacture
~:--=>v)-r
7t~$j{rj
~jt
lfifjf:jt PJ~1*
fF.Q
7"//\1 ,*ry'j 7 v17/ ?7/17/
jJjJ/?71 --=><.Q -1-
0.3) passive verb
~~ ~< nlJ, ~, 4 JtJj~~
~3*9
*,
0)72< ~
jJ, 7/, ~39,
fr~
s~tJ:~
*mmtJ:
~~14=-~tJ:
~~T~tf t&~tfm
*~T/~~~~/ *9~-v.J9
tJ:
c.
"Y3
~'J?~/~ry
7~~') 7/~3
#.Jl:IJJl~ ... ~:~":J<
...
~L~
7/:A9
T ?lIJ~tmtJ: ~L~91J
3 'J ? 7
flJm
') 3ry
~: ~
large scale thermoelectronic noise radioactivity and so on, and so forth, etc. physical phenomenon to base upon ... random number impossible to predict random sequence (of numbers)
9
c-:5<
.J ry tJ:
7/:Aryv~
cG-c
as
utilization, making use of
g-tJ:V!> ~~ ~-f*
in other words, that is real number the whole (set), the entire (body) field {math} complex number isomorphism mapping, image
"Y'Y:A9 ~/~1
-f*
~1
~~~
77'J:A9
rPJm 1f._
above, no less than, greater than or equal to depending upon , due to ..., as a result of ..., by means of . division to exclude, to except, to remove addition, subtraction, multiplication and division four basic arithmetic operations to carry out, to perform, to conduct
~971 ~-v'/9
0.4) potential verb
Ij\mmtJ:
~ 3 ry4=-~tJ:
~L~~
7/:A9l::39
small scale random number table like, such as random, stochastic, statistical mechanism, unit, organization depending upon , due to ..., as a result of ..., by means of .
J:: ~ tJ: il$Ei9tJ:
mfM ... ~: J:: "? -c ffgO)
~O)
W$~~il
tJ 7
I) ~ ~ 3 ') 3
other various stochastic quantities all suitable, adequate, appropriate conversion, transformation creation, generation, formation, production
9
g/'(-C iI~tJ:
T 4=- i' ry tJ:
~~
~/tJ/
~~
--e-1--e-1 -2-
...
~:Sl;)L
~9.Q
'/79.Q
$7tm~
J7·/~=r. 9 :J~9
in ..., at ... to belong (to) subset
0.5) connective form + It:\¢ ~~t¥~
f'974~=r.*9
'7 /-Y b1(::
'7
lil$a9~lJl~ ~mfti7t $-~~~~ ~iliiR ~t~ ~t~~~~
lJ 7 1) 'YT:t:~ 3 ?' :/ =r. ry t :t: 7· /
~jj$ijtIJ~
/?'~b.tJ
9
~A../ArylJ/A9
~4T:t:-T 74~/ 74~/:t:-~/~ry
:J9 1)'Y'J.7T4 'bt)l;).Q
ffll;).Q
tJ 7
1) 'Y T:t::i~
ii$a9~~ ~ts ilIib{~J;:
\1'$,,< ts
-~O)
1'Y/\/0)
~/T·
J;I/~ 3
random error to include, to contain approximation, approximate calculation general Monte Carlo method to call, to name
:t:-/:/71~/
~/T·
lJ)vO*ry
~A
?'~4 ==r.
ry
Wf9
~~9
)(~
-=f::/
lJ)vot!
e:t \l'S~ ~.Q
statistical method/technique randomization various stochastic phenomena multiple integration multivariable function optimum value calculation, computation computer algorithm efficiency measurement to use
...
a certain ..., a particular ... substitution to allow, to permit letter, character, symbol variable domain
0.6) provisional form of a verb inverse matrix if unique in particular, particularly, especially to perform, to accomplish, to do, to make commutative (field)
0.7) causative verb
... ':~t.£t9.Q
...
-ff(
1'YT
':?'1~ry9~
to correspond to ..., to be equivalent to ... coincidence, matching mathematical subject/object
-3-
~7I: ~a~tJ: ~9 tt~Jl~
tJ77/ 'A r) 1) 3 r) T=\=- tJ:
_ftl:
Y2.r):Jr):/3 r) -ift:3r)71
JM~*
each (mathematical) element quantitative to express, to represent, to show, to indicate means, device, contrivance, arrangement, plot, plan on/within a set coordinate system
~Gb9 G<~
{ii
~t~v~
~-1*~tJ:
7~ ~ 1
15):.\
*r)y=\=-
~9 1Wi~~
3r)tJ/'Ar)
value tangible, specific, definite mode, method, form, system to show, to indicate explicit function
T=\=-tJ:
G~9
0.8) representative form of a verb ijl~
~~
7/:/'/ :/':}7/
reality experiment, trial in order to, although a great quantity of, a great number of cost, expense long time to require, to involve (time or money) measurement itself difficult change in conditions influence enormous, profound, very great reason impossible
O)~:
~*O)
~.y10)
itm
1::3r)
*v~
tJ:7J~v~
~ra' 7J\7J\ .Q
:/tJ/
mlJ~ ~nEJ~ ~mtJ:
~n:/y/
~{tf:~{t
V397/~/tJ
~W
I1=\=-39
tk*tJ:
V/~"1tJ: 1) .:Lr)
~Ef3 ~PJfmtJ:
'J7T1 :1
7
/7 /tJ:
tJ / r)tJ:
t~cx~t
t.J~a"J~fJJ
ru,m
~f[ffitJ: m~§J~
1&5 ~~~
t.J~*
=\=- jj 7 T=\=- y / .:c /Y1 r. 9 tJ tJ: T/:f-tJ10 £6-:J7J\ 5 1)
~
for example mechanical oscillation problem, issue equivalent electric circuit to handle, to treat, to deal with heat conduction mechanical system to replace, to substitute
'7
*'/T/~9 1):f-jj 771
.t3 ~7J\;t ~ ?$T{l::J:t ¥t)l(i
~/jJy=\=
~)I(i
:11):/.:1/
~~tJ:
7/T1tJ: 77/T1tJ:
~*~tJ:
recurrence fonnula ascending order descending order stable unstable
Y3'7:/::t./
-4-
0.9) tentative form of a verb
r§fif{*ftt tJ~f~
Ara'
l:::/:Y'Y1'7t1 l:::39:/;L/'fJ
gfjg
=/7/ j]/J?
~flIIi
l:::39j]
M!lite:t
j] /~ /te:t
~-te:t
:t=-/1 'Yt~
~~
'}?T1
~ftl:O)r-c'
:/3?7/0)~C-c'
~t)~GfT'5
1l?j{1j te:tv~
quality characteristics standardization human being, person sense, the senses evaluation, assessment, rating simple, easy uniform, homogeneous hypothesis, supposition, assumption under ... conditions to carry out repeatedly observation or, from ... to ..., between ... and ... some number, a few observed value
< t) n\;t L,.:t3 z:. te:t '5 j]/'}7
G
v~ <":J n\
Il?j{1j fiR
btLbtt
fJtJ Gn\
t~1v Gn\
§a'j
:/39*? 1::7T:t=-
mm
*~O)
~:r0)
Ii *,Jf.JT
J\/-!1~/
r9
1)
we some kind of information purpose, goal, target unknown quantity, amount judgement, decision to pass (judgement)
39
0.10) desiderative form of a verb ~fAn1JJt
An ~f mr~O)
t~JE ~f
j] /:/ =;L 9 1) 3 7 * ? :Y:t==;L? 1) 37 j]/:/ :r37t'Y0) :YT1 I.1:/
ffm
:/:Y;L
Pt~lt~
9< t~v~
.o. ~frG-C
o.. ~j]1G-C
7t~t~
b~t~
Jm{~)(
'Yr):Y/7~/
¥)Z:
~17'/
It
n\~'
JJi~{~
7/::J9jJ 7 /:J97~/
Pi~x
method for kanji input input Chinese character, kanji direct designation, specification, assignment Roman letter kind/type of symbol few, little, not many, not much through the medium of o.. to divide, to separate secrecy to protect, to guard, to abide by (a rule), to observe (a custom) message plaintext key encryption, encipherment ciphertext
-5-
~G~:
furthermore man-machine system, system that links humans with machines ultimate, eventual to compose, to assemble, to braid, to put together in place of natural language function indicating, designating strong, robust, powerful demand, wish, request
Ara,-m~* Jtti~tJ:
=t- 3. ry =t- 3 7 T=t=-tJ:
fJlts
«: t] ~:
§~~m
~i!/7/:J
~:
tltm
=t-Jry
%iv~
JJ:v~
~g{
3ry~?
miR
~:;
-6-
Lesson 1: Mathematics I (numbers and sets) 1.1) ... c:lt~?;
c:1¥~;
...
C:~9Q
positive negative ~3'7V'Y
matrix construction, composition component, element
:Jry--e-1
--e-1w;!/
product {math} 1.2) X; X~1 all to be valid, to hold true, to consist of to write if, if it is
absolute value ~\9
tJ'~tJ.. ~ '9
gJG~ ...
~~ ...
13~~
~i!/Ary
~1I7t1Jml-t ~}] Wl {ii ~
~3
'7 e7~/*ry7-1
~3
:f-7-q:: /~~-1
fiR. -!tit
13-1 -17--1--e-1 7-1 1)
rp'
~~
always {with affirmative predicate} a certain .., a particular ... natural number ~=t
ordinary differential equation initial value problem solution uniqueness theorem
among only one ~~
mathematics arxl at least one (of several), on the one hand, however meaning
setLJ ~tJ..
-1J ~~
9 -1'Y~'7
-12
matrix
-7-
1.5) ... l~et Q; ... l~et ":>
-c; ...
plijtf
1) 3 9~~
fPJC:
st~C:
~
iO\t::..
Ji~ ti~t ~~
~1~v~
l~et
0 both same, identical, equal mold, die, model, type, style instance, case only, exactly definition
4=-~.:L/
standard, datum, reference scale, measure to measure each/every point coordinates
~~7 ~ ~j:iJ\~
tJ7T/
-ifl::39 47\..~
to give, to impart range to let ...... be ..., to treat ...... as ... independent variable function parametric representation it sometimes happens that ..., sometimes ...
1~~
......
~
...
C9~
~!ILV:~1c
~
7
I) '/ ~ /
:A 9
OOf{
tJ/:A9
WJ~~*~
~3~/:A9l::39~
... z: ciO~~~
1.6) ... l~tl~tQ; real part imaginary part to belong (to) -~fnU
~<
... z: C iO~1b v~
-1,/1\/0/
general consideration, prevailing view really, truly, entirely, completely often ... , frequently ...
*":J t::.. <
... z: ciO~.Bsv~
inclusion t-1~'/
property, characteristic to possess, to have subject, object, target
'E>--:J Y'-1~39
ac i:j- fnU JJI! ¥
(the study ot) symbolic logic all, every field, discipline common logical reasoning, inference
~G~~
7.tlf
7~'/~
~imO)
~~l3"JtJ:
4=-39'/90) o '/ 1) T::ftJ:
-W:::.6. 1lf:iiRO
A10,/
-8-
fVf~ fnU~~
7/:t-.:z.'7
research (the study ot) logic branch, field, sector
0 / 1) ti7
ffBr,
~~/
proposition coming into being, formation, validity 1E1JfJ~J
t1*'7:¥3ryv~
square matrix
~Gv)
D~Gv)
equal
A7J7-fJ~J
A7J7-:¥3'7V~
scalar matrix zero matrix
1.9) t~t!.; t~t!.G
furthermore ~JJWl tI~lfiaRfVf~ ~~~
gmlfiaR
ilG~
"Y3:t:i=-711*/~77/:i=-.:z.'7 77~~~ 1//::f*/~7 U9n\G~
a,<(J)
~/J\~fiffi
71"Y39t:3'771 SS<(J)
IOCOO
737~/
...
...
~:~":)-c
7tw
~: Gt~n~":)-C
in accordance with ..., conforming to ... distribution average value
7~/7
¥i!3{iR
initial stage, early period research on machine translation complexity translation of language difficulty underestimation, undervaluation many confrontation, facing directly
~1:i=-/T
(empty) space, void, null specific, specified
for example ~IWOO ~IW~~ ~IWOO
::z.t7I//:J J. '7 1/ / "Y .:z. '7 :J~ '7 AI//:J
~~-~
AI//~.:z.'7::Jt7
-1:
-~3
-;fA
-~
'7
~T~7 ~)v
;f 3
_~7
J::: ~7
r-)~
finite/countable number finite set infinite/uncountable number infinite set on ... -th order row vector row vector
rJ~7 ~)1; r-)~
-9-
1.11)
tI. G~;f arxl
lEj{U~T~J
t1'J?~3'7V'Y
~~ fi~JJ:t iiJ~~
~3'77/
regular matrix condition determinant invertible element
~3'7V'Y~=t jJ~~?7/
*.t::. JtR1Ft=~~
~=z./~3n/7"1
-f*-:J
t::. ~-:J
¥iMJm1JD~lt
~/T39'/9tJjJ/A9
furthermore, moreover, in addition ordered relation to maintain, to preserve, to keep, to hold monotonically increasing function
1.12) ~9; ~9~t>
:1-'7 tJ 1
t~ ~397/
n7/
bounded supremum, least upper bound infimum, greatest lower bound
£*f{~J ti~H
=t-*/A'7V'Y =t-3?7/
fundamental sequence limit
1J~Jt ~f{1JfiJ:t ~\ '9 G ~ ... C: ~j: i:J\~6t~lv~
*9T1~=t~"1 A '7*'771 ~=t
equation algebraic equation not limited/restricted to ...
i:J\ t~ 6 '9 G t> ... C: ~j: i:J\~"6t~lv~
m
:1/
f{fLi~tJJ
A'7T71~/
*~~
t>C:~~
1.i$. *531J
*'7$9
'!A.(J)
-:J~(J)
ft~
~ =z.J!t1
root numerical calculation/operation to seek, to demand method, manner, technique general classification next, following variety, kind, sort
~1~'Y
1.13) tt~J .y=z./~3
order, sequence transitive law
A11$9'J?
in other words, that is I3jJJ*,J~
~~9t1=¥3
tJ!l4JJ1!~ ~~ C: Iv C (J)~~
:1T/ 1) 0 /
lliAn llitfjn
~
/ ==z. 9 1)
~
/
~~7 -{- ~/''Y? *,J~~ATA
t/717 -{-
~~ C: Iv
c (J) ~td!> lv \
~ =z.
'Y 1)
3 3
? ?
~/''Y? t1=¥3~ATA
automatic control classical theory in almost all cases single input single output linear feedback control system
-10-
to handle, to treat, to deal with 1.14)
&rJ. if, if it is
(m, n) ~fi~J
(m, n) tJ~t::..:fa 3
~-
tJ7-
-ii
-:J
~JJ'\7 ]--.)J,
v'YJ'\7 ]--.)J,
'7 v'Y
m x n matrix, matrix of (m, n) type each {counter for many small objects} column vector if we do so, thereupon, then, so characteristic parameter
sequence (of numbers) to take term previous
<*
'0 C: --:J ~ v'~" tJ: v) 7 ry Y:J. r) ::Jr)
GtJ'G 7I'Y]--.0)i1rftl F9~ ~7
A'1 .:L 0) ifrt tl
~~~~
7 I 'Y ]--. O)tJ:n~tl I/n/ ~7 A'1 .:LO)tJ:n~tl ~/71I) D/
$Brm
/\/1
*5*
7'Yn
~~:Q
;t:Q
~~ ~~
:J r) I)
-* ~-f*
:/'YAr)
-71 ~/~1
~~
~ :J. r) ::J r)
:J(~:
~Gb9 J~~:
~~:Q
O)~Q
~
Y3-
4 jlrj~it
~1~~ ~'}7~/~r)
~9
f£f( ...
~:mJ9:Q
...
~:~tG-C
... ':n /9Q ...
':~1
G-C
does not contain even one empty set however Couette flow circular tube/pipe Poiseuille flow linear theory range, span result, consequence to obtain, to acquire
real number axiom system the whole (set), the entire (body) set, collection to express, to represent, to show, to indicate next to state, to describe, to mention various, many, several property, characteristic four basic arithmetic operations concerning ... , related to ..., for ... with respect to ..., with regard to ..., for ... -11-
r; Y3"9.Q
ftJ f,j\9.Q
sum, peace, hannony, Japan to name (pure) number only one to be determined commutative law associative law to be valid, to hold true, to consist of furthermore, moreover, in addition special existence arbitrary furthermore product {math} distributive law all above, no less than, greater than or equal to division to exclude, to except, to remove addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to carry out, to perform, to conduct order, sequence among only one always {with affmnative predicate} total ordering or to write concerning ..., regarding ..., for ... furthermore, moreover, in addition if, if it is transitive law arithmetic operation, algorithm especially, in particular positive negative absolute value
A"
~
t::.ti 1 'J )E*.Q
t::.tiDc.'J
PJ~$j{fj
7J7J"/,*"'J7
~ti*:Q
*5~$j{fj
-7~::f",*':7'J7
~f)li'J
t~ f)
t::.'J
*t::. !'7x..~0)
~gIJ(J)
fftt
'J/~1
ff:JiO)
='/10)
J!~:
~G':
t4=7"//\1 '*':7'J 7
fl 7.t~2$j{rj 9~-C(J)
~l:
1~3':7
~~ ~<
0).72<
110, ~, 1T5
~3*':7
*,
Jllfirr;
~
tJ, 7"/, ~39, ~3 :t3~t~5 ~.:L"/~3
rJg
5!>
1 'Jti~t
Dc.'Jti~t 1J\t~ --e/~.:L/~3t1
~,-r
~JllaJ¥=tt
G-r
*t~~d:
~< ... ':'JV)L
1J\'J t~G~i tt~$JtJj
A11'*':7'J7
~$ ~~:
'!T/~ry
iE(J)
t10)
l' 7~:
~O)
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compression ratio internal volume of the cylinder volume of the combustion chamber stroke volume, piston displacement to move automobile the atmosphere inlet/intake (side) outlet/discharge (side) gas flow rate amount of gas ventilation (side) back/reverse flow to balance amount of back/reverse flow pump casing crevice, crack, opening, gap rotor, vane, rotary blade speed of rotation jet blast/stream thermal velocity low molecular weight heavy, serious, severe
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Lesson 9: Mechanics II (motion and flow) 9.1)._ tJ\ ~ -e~Q; _. Q)~dJiJt
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electro~agnetic field
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with/of constant volu~e with/of constant pressure by far, far and away, far off
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physical system external force resultant force internal force coexistence intermediation~ mediation, agency
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elastic property, property of elasticity elasticity~ elastic (nature) to have both~ to combine ... with ... \'iscoelasticity ~ viscoelastic (nature) high-molecular-weight/polymeric substance rubbery liquid/solution spinnability elastic body single-valued relation elastic viscous to behave (as) elastoviscosity ~ elastoviscous (nature) participation~ involvement time dependence deformation dependence linear viscoelasticity nonlinear viscoelasticity delayed/retarded elasticity elastic after-effect viscous drag to be delayed~ to be late
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adiabatic compression specific heat at constant pressure specific heat at constant volume compression time residence time thermal velocity time during which energy is lost confining magnetic field radius conservation of magnetic flux conservation of particles
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to cut off, to sever., to block adiabatic vesseVcontainer one side, one party initial state right side partition left side being filled with~ teeming with final state real gas molar specific heat at constant volume number of moles second virial coefficient to grow cold, to cool down
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adiabatic expansion cutting off, isolation
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sound field Helmholtz equation velocity potential planar wave sound field spherical wave sound field cylindrical wave sound field freely propagating wave sound field standing/stationary wave sound field diffusion sound field
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expectation, prediction the study of acoustical properties of materials ultrasonic interferometer sound velocity dispersion compressibility frequency dependence polyatomic gas molecule rotational relaxation translational energy intramolecular vibrational and rotational energy equilibrium delayflag vibrational and rotational excitation probability rotational isomerization reaction association and disassociation proton shift/transfer critical phenomenon polymer solution crystalline particle hysteresis thermoelastic effect thermal relaxation molecular crystal resonance absorption phonon scattering dislocation point defect ferroelectric domain wall conducting electron electron spin nuclear spin acoustic paramagnetic resonance acoustic nuclear magnetic resonance low frequency forced vibration/oscillation method resonance method reverberation method resonance method ultrasonic pulse method Bragg reflection method Brillouin scattering method microwave cavity resonator heat pulse method
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acousto-optic effect frequency shift optical packet of light, bundle of light rays refractive index gradient curve,bend perpendicular incidence Doppler effect light wavelength
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heterodyne method digital instrumentation method fast Fourier transform cross spectrum extraction direct sound signal processing technique/method theory of sound radiation sound field theory basic quantity high-performance microphone finally, with great difficulty acoustic equipment measurement of acoustical characteristics interior acoustical characteristics
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acoustoelectric amplification piezoelectric semiconductor direct current (electric) field drift velocity thermal phonon (phenomenon ot) electric current saturation anode, positive electrode high (electric) field acoustic domain acoustoelectric instability Cherenkov radiation Cherenkov cone sound wave amplification phonon emission instability
decibel display/indication
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magnetic charge pair position vector magnetic dipole moment magnetic potential dipole circular current point of observation at the present time magnetic monopole (the study ot) magnetism circumstances, situation, conditions rotational motion orbital angular momentum
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relative (magnetic) permeability absolute number initial magnetization curve initial (magnetic) permeability
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maximum (magnetic) permeability DC magnetic field AC magnetic field incremental (magnetic) permeability reversible (magnetic) permeability AC initial (magnetic) permeability complex (magnetic) permeability tensor (magnetic) permeability soft magnetic material transformer iron core magnetic head structure sensitive magnetization mechanism Curie temperature Hopkinson effect disaccomodation photomagnetic/magnetooptic effect
magnetic anisotropy crystal magnetic anisotropy principal crystallographic axis spontaneous magnetization to shift, to stagger {transitive verb} easy axis of magnetization difficult axis of magnetization hexagonal crystal cubic (crystal) system direction(al) cosine magnetic anisotropy constant uniaxial anisotropy to attract Honda Kotaro Kaya 8eiji dipole interaction anisotropic exchange interaction single ion model polycrystalline acicular, needle-like piece/scrap of iron perpendicular direction shape anisotropy magnetostriction elastic energy magnetic material (magnetic) domain structure coercive force
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magnetic separation magnetic particle nonmagnetic particle nonuniform magnetic field locus of movement dispersion in a liquid, liquid-dispersed system separation efficiency fine ferromagnetic wire magnetic filter
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ferromagnetic thin film permalloy thin film amorphous rare-earth ferrous alloy film vacuum (vapor) deposition sputtering (method) electrodeposition manufacture, manufacturing degree of vacuum for vapor deposition gas containing impurities substrate temperature source of vaporized materials relative positions manufacturing conditions layer several dozen atoms thick ferromagnetic Curie temperature saturation magnetization bulk Bloch's T 3/ 2 1aw perpendicular magnetic anisotropy angular magnetization curve Neel magnetic domain wall (magnetic) bubble domain magnetic ripple spin wave resonance characteristic of a ferromagnetic thin film magnetization reversal field of application storage element for high-speed computers
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application development wire memory flat thin-film memory magnetic bubble memory beam address memory industrial amorphous rare-earth ferrous alloy high density photomagnetic/magnetooptic memory perpendicular magnetic film thin-film magnetic head monolayer laminate, laminated layers multi-layer film between layers magnetic interaction
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magnetic fluid minute ferromagnetic particle ferromagnetic liquid drop of liquid extension, drawing rotating ellipsoidal state spike-shaped protuberance surface instability grinding (method) coprecipitation inert gas vacuum evaporation (method) superparamagnetism attractive force magnetic force aggregation, agglutination precipitation particle surface oleic acid linolic acid organic polymer surfactant, surface active agent repulsive force
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unit quantity electrostatic capacityIcapacitance ...th number (in sequence) coefficient of capacitance to leave some space parallel-plate capacitor charge distribution everywhere, throughout (the space) coaxial cylinders same/identical axis, coaxial capacitor consisting of coaxial cylinders
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fixed/constant interval of time uniform motion~ motion at constant speed to calm down, to settle down., to be steady electronic conduction photoelectridphotovoltaic cell to flee, to run away~ to escape amount of heat generated/released being applicable/pertinent statistical mechanical viewpoint/standpoint ionic conduction superionic conductor ionic conductivity deposition, precipitation melting~ fusion main constituent/element, subject soap solution discharge phenomenon extremely low temperature phenomenon of superconductivity quantum phenomenon correlation., interrelation mixing, mingling, blending chemical element several digits., several decimal places downward regulation/adjustment model unconditionally., without exception Hamiltonian operator angular bracket even more, still more, all the more to defer., to cany forward., to hold over general theory
-230-
Lesson 20: Electricity II (applications) 20-1: m~
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AC voltage alternating current (AC) quasi-stationary (electric) current sawtooth wave square wave sinusoidal alternating current superposition real constant real portion (of a number) complex representation circuit theory AC theory impedance admittance ACpower
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inductance meter easily, simply, conveniently direct readout ratiometer-type (measuring) instrument series circuits measured inductance
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symmetry lowest order Kerr coefficient polar liquid
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electron polarizability ionic polarizability orientation polarizability optical frequency optical frequency domain resonance type meter wave, metric wave decimetric wave
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dielectric heating object to be heated radio-frequencylhigh-frequency field dielectric loss microwave heating parallel electrodes, parallel electrode plates gap between electrodes, gap between electrode plates high-frequency power supply/source triode self-excited generator wood drying plywood . vulcanization paper rapid heating heattreattnentoffood water/moisture content
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DC supercurrent Josephson DC effect spatial modulation critical supercurrent effective depth Josephson insertion depth characteristic length
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vortex (filament) magnetic field characteristics failure of the insulating membrane parallel connection superconducting circuit Josephson interference effect phase dependence AC supercurrent Josephson AC effect finite voltage quasiparticle displacement current DC voltage bias structure consisting of a series of fixed-voltage steps
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zero-voltage current quasiparticle tunnel current superconducting microbridge normal (conducting) metal coating proximity effect bridge point-contact junction microbridge computer device Josephson device macroscopic quantum tunneling macroscopic quantum coherence classical theory bridge
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voltmeter measured value analog (type) indicating electrical instrument numeral digital (type) mechanical mechanism moving-coil type
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driving torque method of generating shunt branch circuit (electrical) line, (electric) power line without cutting/severing stream of charged particles particle accelerator current transformer Rogowski coil
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raising and lowering voltage, stepping up and stepping down voltage interlinkage transmission and distribution of electricity high-voltage electric power equipment transformation ratio turn ratio excitation excitation current
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primary load current ratio of current transformation ideal transformer raising and lowering, stepping up and stepping down core type shell type core material silicon steel sheet/plate (iron) core structure (iron) core magnetic shunt leakage transformer magnetic shunt secondary current leakage flux secondary voltage drop secondary terminal short-circuit current anti-burning structure constant-current transformer neon lamp/tube welder, welding machine variable (type)
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transformer electromagnetic mutual induction amplification and transmission magnetic flux pathway magnetic core ideal transformer difficulty in implementation, materialization, realization signal voltage raising and lowering voltage, stepping up and stepping down voltage polarity inversion directionality balanced and unbalanced lines
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pentode beam tube frequency used ultra-high frequency domain electron transit time between electrodes floating inductance to the utmost, to the best of one's ability discharge-specific voltage-current characteristics space-charge neutralization passage of a heavy current one form/shape/figure display, indication, representation medical care/treatment compact electronic equipment receiving tube radio/wireless communication
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transmitting tube ultra-high frequency klystron traveling-wave tube magnetron image amplification tube X-ray tube radio receiver television receiver long-distance telephone service relay (facilities) frequency-converter tube porcelain transmitter radio-frequency heating equipment, high-frequency heating equipment high-speed circuit-breaker controller, regulator low power/output ultra-high frequency voltage speed modulation drift space density modulation output cavity linear propagation type reflection type fluorescent film light image, optical image counter discharge tube electrostatic-deflection counter tube display discharge tube fluorescent display tube special form/shape glass plate transparent electrode optical signal photosensor still, even now multiplication, amplification optical image photoelectric pickup device/tube photoconductive pickup device/tube image transmission imaging equipment high-speed electron beam biomaterial investigation, study for industrial use for analytical use
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ACmotor induction (type) low/small capacity commutator (type) synchronous (type) single-phase induction motor consumer electronics three-phase induction motor simple construction strong~ solid~ firm series-wound (type) motor used for both AC and IX: applications universal motor three-phase commutator motor speed control synchronous motor specialty motor selsyn motor torque motor
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chemical sensor chemical substance stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte ionic conductivity oxygen sensor gas molecule electrically conductive, electrical conductivity metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensor tin oxide semiconductor-based gas sensor for consumer use (city) gas alarm
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to unite, to put together sequence control storage control instruction execution interrrupt function input and output operations subtraction multiplication division logic(al) operation shift (operation) sequence controller method for obtaining/implementing
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laser printer electrophotography, xerography organic photoconductor photoconductive material coating, application photosensitive drum beam of laser light pattern of characters/letters electrostatic latent image toner
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ink jet printer minute/microscopic diameter spray, injection, jet turning into particles printing pressurization ultrasonic vibration flow/stream of ink ink particle deflection control charge-control type electrostatic-acceleration type pressurized chamber pressure pulse drop-on-demand type low (level of) noise adding /producing color
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word processor systematic management daily purpose of use document editing sentence, text deletion right-justification text alignment text enlargement Japanese hyphenation punctuation mark
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factory automation production preparations high-level production system productivity flexibility producing small quantities of many products time for delivery/payment reduction, shortening, abbreviation manufacturing process the entire production system
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optical computer optical technology (at) the present time
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Lesson 29: Computer Hardware II (memory and recording) 29-1:
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image/visual signal in the form of (a roll of) tape magnetic recording medium/media. cellulose acetate vinyl chloride polyester polyethylene terephthalate finely ground magnetic particle to mix, to stir self-demagnetization effect residual magnetic flux density regeneration sensitivity black y-hematite reddish brown unevenness, irregularity, blemish long-term preservation
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coating, covering, insulation magnetic recording system packing together (into a small space) input and output channels magnetic disk control unit to pile up, to accumulate packaging, implementation to dismantle, to detach removable, capable of being dismantled/detached rotary mechanism hierarchical storage movable-head magnetic disk equidistant spring to press, to push, to force fluid mechanical buoyant force, buoyancy
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29-8:
magnetic bubble membrane surface axis of easy magnetization uniaxial anisotropy biased magnetic field verticaVperpendicular direction cylindrical (shape) (magnetic) domain region outside the domain of the (magnetic) bubble rare-earth iron garnet orthoferrite single-crystal thin film gadolinium-cobalt alloy amorphous thin film relatively spontaneous magnetization magnetic domain demagnetizing field bubble diameter uniform magnetization beltlband-like (magnetic) domain Japanese abacus bead, sphere, coin, ball
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magnetic medium/media electromagnetic conversion device minute/microscopic pore/gap ring-shaped portion conducting coil pore, gap to leak out
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sense amplifier double polycrystalline-silicon memory cell polycrystalline-silicon technology frrst layer polycrystalline-silicon layer capacitor electrode second layer transfer transistor storage capacitor shallow donor impurity acceptor impurity double, dual trench capacitor memory cell to dig, to excavate area of the counter electrode stacked capacitor cell electrode layer address signal pin to cause something to decrease row address signal column address signal multiplexing
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disc-shaped storage medium read-only (type) writable (type) rewritable (type) minute/microscopic spot shade (of color) state of magnetization reflectance direction of polarization non-contact encapsulation, sealing shut resistance to the environment used for data distribution document file/filing computer memory image file/filing
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Lesson 30: Polymers I (fundamentals) 30-1: ra:.~=r
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main chain covalent bond high (molecular weight) polymer compound macromolecule polymerization polymer high polymer method of classification synthetic polymer natural polymer organism, living body nucleic acid biopolymer natural polymer derivative semisynthetic polymer inorganic natural compound inorganic synthetic polymer chain to be tied together, to be connected chain polymer linear polymer linear polymer three dimensional network polymer network polymer branched polymer crosslinking bond crosslinked polymer crosslinkage, crosslinking chain(-like) network(-like) ionizing group polyelectrolyte to consist of ..., to be made of ... nonuniform, heterogeneous molecular weight distribution average molecular weight bonding site copolymer (chemical) derivative stereoregularity, tacticity same name solution molecular shape/form
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product, fruit, result asbestos mica natural inorganic polymer natural organic polymer polysaccharide natural rubber biological tissue, tissue of an organism biological function, function of an organism bonding pattern, mode of bonding expression, manifestation higher-order structure biosynthetic process enzyme reaction information-carrying molecule polysaccharides
carbide raw material low-molecular-weight compound process of increasing molecular weight high-molecular-weight substance gas derived from petroleum cracking ethylene addition polymerization ethylene glycol terephthalic acid polycondensation
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polymerization catalyst coordinated anionic polymerization Ziegler-Natta catalyst propylene low pressure insoluble heterogeneous catalyst saturated hydrocarbon inactive, inert alfin catalyst stereospecific polymerization butene high-octane gasoline solid phosphoric acid catalyst
polymerization inhibitor polymerization inhibitor radical polymerization reaction distillation unsaturated compound inhibitor preferential, preferred forbidding, prohibiting, inhibiting stable radical neutral molecule sulfur Quinones hydroquinone polyoxide
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30-12:
amine nitro or nitroso compound diphenylpicrylhydrazyl tri p-nitrophenylmethyl triphenylverdazyl
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heat of polymerization molecular-weight control bulk polymerization
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unsaturated bond form, pattern, style addition reaction carbon-carbon double bond vinyl polymerization carbon-carbon triple bond acetylene carbon-oxygen double bond aldehydes hetero multiple-bond compound formaldehyde triphenyl phosphine triethylamine poly(oxymethylene) polyacetal resin cumulated diene, allene isocyanate
30-14: .;( ;t/ii:~
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species active in propagation polybutadiene polyacrylonitrile polyisobutylene poly(vinyl ether) total polymerization reaction polymerization rate ion pair dissociation equilibrium polarity degree of polymerization living polymerization
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solution polymerization in the form of a solution rise in viscosity
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30-18:
temperature control solvent removal fault, weakness, drawback chain transfer polymer product high melting point aromatic polyamide low-temperature solution polymerization
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interfacial polymerization amide ester Schotten-Baumann reaction polymer synthesis to be mixed, to be blended with organic solvent dicarbonyl chloride oxygen scavenger, deoxygenizer, deoxygenating agent neutralizing agent
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emulsion polymerization polymerization method insoluble slightly soluble, nearly insoluble micelle redox system water-soluble initiator water/aqueous layer low-polymer radical emulsion/emulsified state continuous phase in the form of a latex sticky, adhesive isolation paint
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poly(methyl methacrylate) isotactic syndiotactic stereoregular polymer atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogen bond under external stress shish-kebab structure crystal morphology oriented crystallization entire/total length direction of the molecular chain axis order of magnitude different crystalline and noncrystalline/amorphous two-phase structure fringed micelle structure dilute solution plate-like crystal lamellar crystal electron microscope to fold up, to fold into layers folded structure folded portion amorphous, noncrystalline established theory/explanation crystallization conditions degree of supercooling extended chain crystal under high pressure to extend (out to full length)
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precise molecular separation piezoelectric and pyroelectric films photochromic film electrochromic film photoconductive membrane/film energy conversion device/element
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ceramic fiber pracicallworking temperature heat-resistant oxide fiber (in) common (use) forming fibers from a melt forming fibers from a precursor production (quantity), amount produced majority, most, at least half compressed air blowing (method) silica mean/average fiber diameter maximum length short fiber industrial kiln/furnace/oven lining material taking hold and increasing (heat) insulating (cap)ability alumina-silica fiber more than ..., upwards of ... chemical stability alumina fiber continuous fiber spun and woven products
ceramic filter piezoelectric ceramic element/device filter characteristics mechanical Q-value (degree of) selectivity (degree of) attenuation steep, sharp central/core frequency mode of oscillation/vibration radial oscillation/vibration
I.*Jlt~-M GJb~~- ~
ftVy f1l
I.*Jlt~-cG::~~- ~
energy confinement mode silica sand grain glassy flux
Jr1~ J~~
tJ7Afl.77'Y7A
tJ7A~'Y77'Y!JA
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T/=l=-/\-1--e/ --e 7 2. 'Y 7 =t:J, /
--e72.'Y7£f&
(electric) wiring ceramic substrate ceramic cap input and output terminals way of taking/picking out axial pin package chip carrier
--e72.'Y7~~'Y7
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=.:L
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7~/
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IC package packaging process die bonding wire bonding external environment housing process
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7.:r.71"~/~r)~ / r) J) 'Y
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l:::7-37--e/--e1T1:Jr)Y'1
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97J1 /\'Y
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ceramic vibrator/oscillator piezoelectric (type) magnetostriction (type) electromechanical coupling coefficient conversion efficiency comparatively freeJdicretionary ferrite vibrator/oscillator efficiency
ceramic semiconductor application/use as a semiconductor Curie point (electrical) resistance value nonlinear resistor varistor compact with large capacity semiconductor capacitor material development
-362-
Lesson 35: Materials III (glass, carbon and diamond) 35-1: tf7A =M{t7-1~
=-!t/1J7-1'J
'J-~+EEJ(
'J-~+t'YtJ-1
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tJjJ7~'Y7/ T/~'YjJ7A tJ 1) t-1 ~/ T/~'Y7-1
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t/~'7T3'7-7-1A'7
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t=t-I.-1717A tJ 1) 717 A7-1 tJ717:J?~~jJ7A
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tl5dtfi PJm$
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7+/:Jr):Jry ~74
tJ~~
717 Aft *E fait fim1* ~mjj7A f€t~A
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tJ7A7J -7'Y~3ry~'Y:J~1
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-363-
silicon dioxide soda lime boric oxide, (di)boron (tri)oxide secondary component ornament, decoration utensiVimplement for practical use chemical experiment soft glass potash component family of soft materials potash glass borosilicate family covar glass encapsulation molybdenum coefficient of linear expansion hardness of the second grade/class tungsten tungsten glass hardness of the frrst grade/class ultrahard, superhard quartz glass potash glass family hard chemical glass of preference, by choice, often hard glass electric furnace visible portion near-ultraviolet portion optical transparency spectrophotometer
vitrification crystalline solid common/ordinary glass metallurgical slag vapor deposition (method) sputtering glow discharge (method) sol-gel method
35-3: t=1'l/7~
l:::l'V7A 1:: l'
l) 7 -{
7- ~ 3
/
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t)'~J'{~
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vitreous vitrification porosity ceramic product floor tile wall tile low-voltage insulator water absorption
35-4: ~~jj7~ X~tJ7A
EE
7/*/jj7A tJ/~:t:
tJ7 Af~fBrm :l:&rE L, J: '5
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f#*tJ7A
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jj7:A~1Iyv~3r;;
till~:
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-364-
natural glass rock, crag silicate glass vitrification range underground magma obsidian meteorite very rapid heating and very rapid cooling impact glass the moon
sintered glass grinding, crushing, pulverization frit melting temperature sintering vitreous body sintering temperature porous powdered glass sealer
glassy crystal extremely, to an extreme degree low~temperature ordered phase transition point to go past, to go beyond temperature domain glass transition residual entropy molecular center of gravity Laue spot
f!ij~tJ:
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~F~iIfJR~~~
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2, 3-.y ~ -7 )v7· ~ /
r)tJ:
clear, distinct nonequilibrium frozen state state of aggregation 2,3-dimethylbutane
35-7: tJ7A1!7~ ':I?
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7'Y~3r)7J117A
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I'
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D7J-if1
117 A_*i5!i{~ -:l7A7-'Y7 115 A_*i5~it 1?~/I'
to pull, to draw, to drag metal(lic) mold water resistant, resistant to water alkaline oxide weight percent, percent by weight long fiber sound-absorbing material filter medium/media
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1?/'\v-~
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glass-ceramic crystallized glass softening point reheating collection, assembly, gathering unforeseen, unexpected, accidental accident devitrification inventor devitroceramic Pyroceram nucleation aid/agent platinum {3-spodumene {3-quartz solid solution transparent low-thermal-expansion glass thermal shock cooking high thermal expansion microcrystal cutting ferroelectric phase
77:1'77J 1J5A1?/1:t:3r)7J -:l5A-7'Y7 717.At:/1=t-3'7jJ 1?~/r-
-365-
separator combining materials into a composite glass-fiber-reinforced plastic glass-fiber-reinforced cement
~m.M
{>tl-if1'
§jfj1f!~T~-
3 -7''.J? :;t:9~~~T~-
mm
roofing material bathtub auto(mobile) body
35-10: 1i5A__
7i7A_ti
7i7AT/:1=-37
ti7AJm
ti7Ax7
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j-17~~/~3 ?T/~3-7
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glass electrode glass film/membrane sensitive portion ion-selective electrode~ electrode with ion selectivity hydrogen ion acidity monovalent cation internal reference electrode calomel electrode silver-silver oxide electrode internal liquid
--JEIIJ.l
1~T-1/9~
~~co~tconcentration
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;t?l'?~;t/
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counterion reference electrode ion that determines the electric potential potassium chloride solution activity Nemst equation titration reliance, trust, confidence measurement method
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bmii
mil
T/17'/T~1;t/
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f8tfi
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v-if-
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glass laser optical glass laser efficiency bulk glass modifying/additive ion phosphate system higher level lifespan of the fluorescence pulsing action/operation xenon discharge tube (degree ot) optical homogeneity cross-sectional area for induced radiation small-signal gain coefficient parasitic oscillation high-output laser multistage amplification
~t:-A~fiI
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tHtJI.*JV:¥-
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x*Jv:¥-
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multi-beam layout/arrangement pulse width output energy excitation input variable-wavelength oscillator
35-12: 8t.~*4 ~*~tf-t
~~_M{f-t-
~/,}~-11)
39
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:J-7A t:~7"
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carbon material carbonaceous raw material coke pitch graphitization, conversion into graphite synthetic graphite, artificially graphitized (material) impregnation impermeability to gases other kinds of materials/substances necessary/essential function to measure, to plan, to strive for pyrolytic carbon glassy carbon fibrous carbon flexible graphite other kinds of materials composite material various, many kinds typical/characteristic of carbon materials resistance to thermal shock preeminent, conspicuous, distinguished coefficient of thermal expansion resistance to transfer/transmission of heat conduction of electricity transfer/transmission of heat resistance to corrosion
35-13: ~~~~aa ~~~~~ ~~lti*5ra ~Jl_m~ffi:
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polycrystalline graphite graphite single crystal structured body carbon polycrystalline body graphite material to be mixedlblended together three dimensional hard carbon
35-14: ~iL_8t~ ~RR~*
~~~~~~~~
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fL~
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ifii&! {Note: The kanji
0
porous carbon pore size/diameter total porosity mean/average pore size/diameter pore size/diameter filtration
t.J
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tiA~~~~~ tiA~~_~
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gas diffusion or aspiration gas diffusion electrode fuel cell porous carbon electrode ranging from a few to several dozen equilibrium band pore size distribution oxygen electrode performance in active/activated adsorption
amorphous carbon amorphous carbon non-graphite carbon, non-graphitized carbon allotrope heating and carbonization, carbonization through heating ~ condensed polycyclic planar molecule regular in three dimensions structure without clearly defined layers crystallite carbon black between the layers of condensed polycyclic planar molecules perfect crystal of graphite salt(s)
hardened/cured/set material solid state carbonization carbon that is difficult to convert into graphite graphite crystallite closedlblocked pore surface of a fracture external appearance gas permeability, permeability to gases high-temperature heat treatment
antithesis
WZ~WJm-f*
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~*~
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7J /7J '$r):J.r)'/7tJ ~ 3 ~·1 '$r):J. r)'/ 7
~/Y
7:J..r)~3r)~1
q:.*/::Ir)'jr) 'J ~7· 'Y Y'Y
carbon precursor dehydrogenation carbon atom cyclization aromatization aromatic macromolecule infusible state basic/fundamental structure basic/unprocessed substance
BtjlIIt
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::Ir)=¥3r)t1l::/ ::Ir)=¥3r) :Jr):¥3r)7·/-V 3r):¥3r) T/*'YiJtJ7::Ir)=¥3r)
~"'~ v)7t~t
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ffltt~ 1!t€m~~I~
carbon industry carbon compound industrial product industry field of industry ceramic industry electrothermics industry sieving, screening, sifting activated carbon/charcoal inorganic chemical industry
35-19: Bt~~~
fJlJJ.ftL
<~t~L
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::I7I./Y'Y
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assembly graphite, graphitized (material) example, exemplifying metallurgy electric-arc furnace self-baking electrode kiln/oven/furnace lining brick heating element of an electric furnace mold, template jig graphite tube spectroscopic/spectrochemical analysis projection (of an image) electrochemistry electrolysis electrical discharge machining electrical machinery (current) collector anode/positive electrode of an electron tube
$dJ~
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tJtJ7'Jry:r
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bearing packing gasket vane brake lining chemical equipment/apparatus column, tower tank, tub, vat ejector pipe fitting filler, filling/loading/packing material rupture disk nuclear power moderator (in a nuclear reactor) reflector, reflecting material fuel casing aerospace equipment and materials leisure sports supplies, articles, items wave absorber
5' /'J--e/'1
carbon fiber fiber made from an organic polymer stepwise heat treatment 5'·/,tJ 1 r=\=-tJ Y~ 3 I) --e/171~3ry fiber shape/cross-section ~ry~ spinning *Y~3 l)tJr1 heat treatment process T3rylJ37 tension --e/,1"Y71try:Jry axial direction of a fiber ~'Y~Y~/ a materials standpoint, in terms of physical properties :J?=\=-3?~:J?5'/-'--e1 carbon fibers with high strength 5' /-''J--e/'1 and high elasticity low elasticity 71?'/-'-t1 7'Y?~'Y0) ordinary --e/'1=\=-3rytJ77~~~1U3~ fiber-reinforced composite material :I..?=\=--t/'1-7/,1) 3~ raw material for organic fibers -tJ!tO-A71 cellulosic, derived from cellulose ~ I) 77 1) 0= ~ I) JV-71 derived from polyacrylonitrile derived from pitch t:'Y77-1 -:J fJ ~":J3 fishing pole A~-Y3?l:::/' sporting goods :J ~ 7 ry4=-~11) 3 ? aircraft materials new basic/raw materials ~/-''J~-1 :Lry=\=-:Jry~/'~t/'1
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-370-
7' /'J~ /1 =l=- 3 97J 77 ::t9
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carbon-fiber-reinforced composite material reinforcing fiber specific strength specific elasticity other kinds of fibers prepreg laminating and molding/forming filament winding (method)
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volumetric fraction/percentage aerospace equipment structural component high-speed rotor rotary drum products/items for leisure use X rays used in medical treatment material woven of carbon fibers felt resin impregnation nozzle throat machinery part, mechanical member
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joint, coupling solid seal corrosive fluid treatment with fluoride resin made of carbon fibers flexibility recovery after compression sealing characteristics
carbon packing moving shaft leakage ring-shaped composite (material) oil-Iess/oil-free compressor rod packing water wheel used to generate electricity mixer, stirrer, agitator packing for packing gland resin treatment carbon-fiber-braided product molded product made of flexible graphite
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carbon electrode thermal conductivity nonmetallic element catalytic activity porous body/object convenience electrochemical industry, industry based on electrolysis
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producing steel with electricity, electrolytic steel production electrochemical/electrolytic synthesis arc discharge electrical contact electroanalysis anode material air cell body of an electrode porous body/object manganese dioxide battery, manganese cell anode (current) collector carbon rod glassy carbon
native element octahedron hexahedron dodecahedron trisoctahedron natural diamond gem,jewel prizing/valuing highly production of uncut stones artificial/synthetic diamond diamond (grinding) wheel
sintered diamond tool ultra-high pressure
diamond (grinding) wheel abrasive grain, grit grindstone grinding diffused abrasion ferrous metal (building) stone hard and brittle material common abrasive grain, common grit consolidation, concretion sharpness, quality of a cutting edge endurance, durability nonporous
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matrix-type grindstone portion that is actually used, portion that is used effectively toughness, tenacity fragmentation, disintegration resin/organic binder metal(lic) coating
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semimetal element organizational state, state of organization constituent element way of mixing substituted alloy interstitial alloy light element range of solid miscibility, range over which a solid solution will form substituted solid solution solid solution limit primary/principal factor radius of a metal atom electronegativity concentration of valence electrons forming a solid solution entire concentration range, complete range of concentrations
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glassy alloy, metallic glass short range crevice, crack, gap long range gaseous substance liquid state melt quenching irradiation with neutrons shock wave method ion implantation general change superconductivity soft magnetism stickiness pitting (corrosion) crevice corrosion
amorphous ferromagnetic material cooling rate quenching and solidification amorphous alloy amorphous ferromagnetic material crystalline alloy ferrimagnetism
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shape-memory effect moldability, formability, compactibility specified, prescribed, fixed general feature/characteristic before deformation thermoelastic martensite transformation alloy system parent phase, matrix amount of deformation Hooke's law elastic limit transformation pseudoelasticity stress relief martensite transformation parent phase lattice, matrix lattice shear deformation deformation
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electrolytic corrosion DC electrified railway region around DC electric power transmission lines corrosion phenomenon DC powered train the ground leakage (of electricity) metal buried underground water pipe gas pipe electrical cable telephone cable buried metal outflow portion outflow (electric) current continuation time, inverval of time that something continues same/identical point inflow and outflow damage, injury soil operation of a localized battery/electric cell
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metal organic chemical vapor deposition gas-phase synthesis alkyl compound organometallic compound alkoxide organometallic compound relatively low temperature monolayer film
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plasma heating relaxation process heating efficiency confinement time heating (method) injection method absorption process Joule heating adiabatic compression heating wave heating Landau damping high-energy particle collision process parametric process vibrational spectrum
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creep experiment viscoelastic substance/material static experiment (method) relaxation modulus finite value residual stress perfectly elastic body
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bending test fracture test three-point bending test four-point bending test fulcrum rate of application of pressure/load testing machine, tester rate of loading
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impact test brittleness impact/impulsive load(ing) materials test(ing) methods single impact test
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repeated impact test amount of work impact test method falling-weight test method pendulum test method grinding wheel for use in free hand grinding mechanical impact impact strength offset grinding wheel pendulum side surface to strike, to beat, to pound, to rap impact value
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consumption, exhaustion, wear and tear conventional ceramics inserted raw material damage material used for tools purely· mechanical property both objectslbodies shear
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powder method surface method fixed/constant area fixed/constant volume dipping, soaking, immersion decreaselloss in weight elution amount of alkali unit weight chemical analysis glass utensil/implement alkali elution test (method) radioactive waste (material) glassification, vitrification evaluation method
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oxidation-resistant graphite molybdenum disilicide titanium diboride mixed components, component mixture oxidation-resistant film/coating external factor loss, damage resistant film/coating self-repairing (cap)ability, self-healing (cap)ability
Lesson 39: Interdisciplinary Topics I (magnetic and electrical interactions)
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one pair piezoelectricity piezoelectric effect inverse piezoelectric effect tourmaline brothers point-group symmetry crystal class pyroelectric nature piezoelectric modulus third order tensor Rochelle salt barium titanate mechanical displacement pickup electrometer zincblendelsphalerite structure wurtzite structure acoustic lattice vibration long-range (type) electrical interaction short-range (type) piezoelectric interaction amorphous region mechanical displacement crystalline region oriented crystal synthetic polypeptide collagen poly(vinylidene fluoride) p-oriented crystal high (electric) field polling electret ultrasonic sensor
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piezoelectric vibration piezoelectric crystal stress field crystal plate piezoelectric vibrator mechanical resonance frequency resonance AC stress field AC (electric) polarization resonance point
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delay circuit element/device
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single-crystal element/device colorless and transparent high-frequency band resonator delay line surface-wave device DC high voltage residual polarization lead zirconate lead titanate niobate longitudinal mode transverse mode slipping/sliding/gliding mode detecting/finding (a school of) fish
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lens system transmission electron microscope reflection electron micfoscOpe each scanned point to reveal, to show scanning electron microscope high-voltage electron microscope electron lens opening angle lens electrode stability of power source transmission electron microscopy metal sample/specimen electrolytic polishing, electropolishing chemical polishing ion bombardment thin section, lamellar specimen biological sample/specimen ultra-thin sectioning to make a model replica method scanning electron microscopy secondary electron detector bulk sample/specimen scanning transmission electron microscope
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