The Twelve Prophets (Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: Old Testament, Volume XIV)

...ANCIENT CHRISTIAN COMMENTARY ON SCR I PTURE

OLD TESTAMENT

XIV

THE TWELVE PROPHETS

EDITED BY

ALBERTO F ERRE I RO

GENERAL EDITOR

THOMAS

C.

ODEN

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ANC I ENT CHRISTIAN CO MM ENTA lty PROJ ECT Rti SIIA R C H TEAM GENERAL

EOlTOl

........ c."""

ASSOCIATIl

EDITOl

o,riotop/Nt"A. HaIl OPERAT I ONS

J ••I TRA NSlATIONS

MANAGIR

EI ..... ,

PROJeCTS

01 RIICYO R

J • • IS.uJ"u ReS.AlCH

AND

ACQUISITIONS

DIRECTOR

Mi c •• ,l Cl ... , EDITORIAL SERV I CES

D'lIlC T Ol

w." .. C.I.... a•• " .... ORIGINAL

LANGUAGI VIRSIDN

D,RECTOR

K... / • • ,;. CurU'i. GRAOUATI

R IlSfiA l C H

St
a....&..u.rtUT

}tffrtyF;",b

ASSISTANTS

H"..... Mi"tLNoo

Stt .. Fi""",

M~~N4......,.

AJ.u;Kb.an.",

lWotnP-'~

\IIodu<>ir~

W .Y""1SO"t

So.-IVprtr

flt,ooV-~

ADMIN1ST~ATIVE

JoiJCu

ASSISTANT

CONTENTS

GENERAL INTRODUCT I ON

ABBREV I ATIONS

• • • •• •

COMMENTARY ON HOSEA

COMMENTARY ON AMOS

·xiii

· • • •••

••••••

••••••

COMMENTARY ON OBADIAH

• • • ••

XII

INTRODUCTION TO THE TWELVE PROPHETS

COMMENTARY ON JO EL

xi

••• •••

A GUIDE TO USING T H IS COMMENTARY

I

57

••••••

••••• •

83

117

COMMENTARY ON JONAH

• • • • ••

128

COMMENTARY ON M I CA H

••••••

149

xliii

COMMENTARY ON NAHUM

• • ••• • 178

COMMENTARY ON HAflAKKUK

••••••

COMMENTARY ON ZE P HAN I AH

•• •• ••

COMMENTARY ON HAGGAI

••••••

COMMENTARY ON ZECHARIAH

COMMENTARY ON MALACHI

186

207

219

••••••

••• • ••

230

283

Ap P ENDIX: EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS AND THE DOCUMENTS CITED •••• •• 314

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES· · · · · ·

312

TIMELlNE OF WRITERS OF THE PATRISTIC PE RI OD • • • • • • 332

BIBLIOGRA P HY OF WORKS IN ORIGINAL LANGUAGES·· · · · · 336

BIB LI OGRAPHY OF WORKS IN ENGL I SH TRANSLATION •••• • • 345

AUTHORS/WRITINGS INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

SCRIPTURE I NDEX

• •• • • • 354

• • • • • • 355

•• •• • • 362

G E NERAL INTRODU C T IO N

The Anciem Christian

bised on d=ical

Comm~ntary on Scriprurt h~.:u i,s

goal ,he rtvit.Ji",,,ion of Christian

,~aching

Chrinian exegesis. the intensified study of Scriprurt by lay P<'r$Ons who wish to think

with the earlychur<:h abou, thecanonic:al ,ex', and ,hcstimut.tionofChrisrian hi smtic:al.biblic:al.,h...,log. ical andpasmral scholars toward furthe, inquiry into scripru,.,1 intcrpretation by ar>eient Ch ri"ianwrirers. The ,ime frome of ,he" documentS span> "ven c~nruri.sof cx~.
to

h..·• dauic Chris,i.n observa,ion on rhe

...' readily av>.ilmle m ,hem. Th. ",ies i. targeted rO anyone who wantS

to

rdlu • and m.di"",. wi,h the

~arly church abou, ,he plain sense. ,heologic:al wisdom and moral meaning of p>nicubr Scriprure

A comment~ry dedicated ro :allowing anci.n, Christian

<"est,.. to
'""1$.

,hemsdves will Main

from ,he ,empu';on.o fix.at. endlessly upon contemporory cri,icism. Ro,hu. it will stand d mill.nnium has ",.. rsed rha, p...em.lt has so forgott.n most of ,hest dassic COmmentS ,hat ,hey are vexing.o find .nywhere. and even whtn lorated 'hcy are often.v.ilableonly in ar,h>.ic edirions and inadcquate,ransL.,ioru.Thcprc ached word in our rime h .. remained loWly bereft of previously influen ... l patrinic inspiration. Ruen, scholarship has sofonued .... ntion upon post-Enligh .. nm.n, hisrorical and li .. rarym .. hods.h .. i,h.. left this longing Largclyuruutendcdandun"rviced. This "rie. provides the pastor. cxcg.... sruden' at>rticular <ext for preach ing. ror study .nd for medit .. ion. There is an nnerging aw ..encs< among Catholic.

Pro,.. tant .nd

Orthodox laity that vital biblicalpreaching.t><'rgroundingbeyond.hc scopcofthehisroric:al""riricalori.nt~tiO!Uthat h'.egovornedbiblicaJ.tudi.. inourday.

H'r>ee ,his work is directed mward a mu
noIthep"umoun,in'treslSofrhisiltrits. Thi. work i•• Chri.. ian Talmud. The Talmud i.< a jcwi$h ,001«,ion of ",bbink 'rgum<:ntS .nd COm ments en me Mi.h.n.h. which epitomi::ed the!.>w. of rhe Torah.. The T.lmud origin.. ed in .pproxim.td) the ... me pcrW
from me !arc p.,ri.. ic age ,hrQUgh ,he medieval pcriod had document •• ru.logou. to rhejcwi.rified and interp""ed by

me claMic commcn""o,..

The Ancient Christian Commentary on Scriprure h .. venerable antc<:edt",. in medieval extgesi. 05

bO! lime ir thisccnrury the earli.. t Chri .. i.n commen... nd rdkaions on the Old .nd New Test"""n .. to a moJc .. audience. IntrilUicaUy an c<:um.,,;".] ptojtcr. rhi.< serits is designed to SCrve Protts"nt, C.tholic.ne O"hodo"l'y.p:astou].nd",holarly'ud.icnccs. In cases where G,«k. utin. Syri'" and Copti< tu .. have rcnuined untr.ns.!.ted into Engli.h. wc pro videnewlfaru!.>,iolU.lA!herc""r,urrc"tEngli.ht.. ns.!ation •• realre.dywdlrtndcrcd,thcywiUbcu,i lized.bu,ifnecc.sary their!.>ngu.o.g<:willbcbrouglttup to d.te.Wc.
""tS which

historically h.ve been regarded . . .uthoritativ.

model.ofbiblicalimerprctarion. These foundarional SOUrces.rc finding the;r w.y into many public libraries and into me co,", book col l«,ion. of many p"",ors aM l.y PC,.."IU. h i.< ou, intent and the publi.her·. cornmitmcn, to keep the who!. iltricsinprintform.nyyc.rstocomc. Tho~C.Odcn

GcneralEditor

A

GUIDE TO USIN G

T ill s

C O MM E NTA R Y

Scvm.I ~atum ha~ bun inco.por:ued in", the design of Ihil commentary. The following commc:ms are l.......,drdro:wtstre.,dcninmmngfull"..,ofthis"""'mt. Pericopuof Scripture ThtICTip
Ihcseptneopelilgi«nahtad;ng.whichapptars .. rhc~nningof.htpericope.Foraample.rhcfi", ptricope in .htcommc:nmyon H osta .. "':1·3 God Trill Hose" I<> Marry a Harlot: This hadJngis foI· IowedbytheSc:ripturepauagequotedintheReYisedStandtrdVtl"lion(RSV)a$$,h~fullwidlhoflhe

poge.1beSuiprurepauagti'providcdfOr,heconvtnienceofreade..,bUfi,i.:a.lsoin kttpingwilhmtdi .

el'o.I palrillic: commcnlariu, in which the citations of the Falherl_re arranged around ,he tnt of Scrip·

F.JIIowmguchpericop
tndu.an'a·

......bIy~threadofargumrn·:amongfWrisrir_~ ... cvmthoughthcy=d.rivtdfromdMrsc

OIII1rCeIandgoflCr.lrions. n

.... thesummariesooflO{pnx«dchronologjcillyorbyvenc:oequoonce. Rarhtr

Ihcy..de ro td>e.lrsc thcownJI rntIrscof m.:1".ruriccommrnt on rim perirnpc W. do not usume .h.. In.: COmmenU'orl themsdvu anticipated ornprt:$Std a mrnWJy received roIle· siveargumenl but ",her .halln.: various argumenu w..il<> /low in a pbu.iblc, rccognizmk pmern, Mod· .mrtadcrscanlhUlglinl~",pecrsofcon'inui'yin'h./1owofdi«rsc.xegcrical,radi'ions .. prcstn.ing

variousgtncr.u"""an.dgcograp!.icall",n""'"

Tapical H u dingl An>bundanc.ofvaricdl",risric_~."avaibbkforearnpcricoptofmeselntcrs.Forlhi'''''''''''''~

...... brokn the puicopa onlO twO Itvds. F;", is the vtfX with ... mp;aI ho:ading. lhe 1"''"'"'' commrnll :ore ...... fOcused on upcru of each «ne. WIth topoal hcadlngllW1lmarizing the CSIS<1ICt of It.. 1"''"'"'' a>rnmen. by nooIunga kqp!...,...,metaphoror.da. nlSf'ulUrepl'OVJ
Idenl ifyin& lh e Pauiuic Tuu

Following lhe topical h~ading of cxh sc.:tion of """menl, cm mme of cm p>lIilllic "",,""'ntilrot .. pnn. ~."mcWaldy foUowed by cm ",le

An English tnruhtion of the Fll:-'.sriccommml is mm provtckd. This is

ofd>eparristic:worI
The Fool nolcl

Rnd.e,.., who .... ish 10 pu,..,,,,,adeepc.;n~ligarionof d>e p>lrinicworks C;led in this rommen'a'Y ....;U find the foo.no, ....pttially valuabk. A footnote

num~.

dirK" the tu
righl·handcolumn,whe",inaddilionloothe'OOIal;oru(da,ificalionsorbiblicalcrou",ft,enCH) one will find inf"onn.olion on English lTansI.tions(wh....,aniLlbk) and standtrd origi .... l.l.nguagcedilio ... 0 fthe workcitcd.An:abbrev.. u:d.citiltion{......",.,.uycilingthtbook..volu""'andpagcnumber) oflheworI
pmbltm in d>e ",lrctlon. _ h.>..., tried m rdlKt d>e bet. 2'o'ailabk rarual rtadirioon.

Wht"reorigin.alLlngwgcrcxu"-:renwnedun.n...l.lIedinIOEnglish._J""""Xknewlr.tnsl.>non.t. ~. "'rrenl Englioh InnWOO ... an: alrudy wdJ m.dcrcd. they are utiliud.. bw W/X'" I"IKUW")' they an tryIislic.lUy upd,lIed. A single aslnitk (O) indical" .hal a p""'ious English mnslarion has Nm updaled 10 rnodom English 0. amended (0,. asic. reading. Th. double asemu (") indicales eime, that. new .ransla,ion has bftn p...... idcd or ma, """'" utiln, rrantla.ion has Nm .ignificlrldy am~nded. Wc

havc .Iandtrdi:cd tpc:llingsaoo madcgn.mm>lie>l vari.bl.. uniform"" Ihal ou, English ~""ncn will nol rdlKl theodd.pdlingvari2blesoftheolde.Englishlnnlla,ionJ.For.ascof .....!ingweh.""inlOmccun cdiledoullupc,nuowconjun.ctio!u.

For Iheconvmimccofcomputerdalabasc ....... the digital dalabasc refc.....-.ccs arc pr<Mdcd 10 .i,he. lhe Linguae G.ace"" (Greek IUU) or 10 cm Ctoedoc (Lalin .ens) in the append", found on FS"l

~Urui

314-21.

xj~

ABBItIlVIATIONS

Work.a..... ACO

S..A"P"-'0. a.n.r .... o...ltUOt.TnnoUredbyl.l w. ROOemonj" Libn'1ofLibcnlAm.lndi· .~Bobbo·McrriU.l9S8.

ACW

Anuli ... 1946-. A. Robcrts:tndJ. Donald.on.w. A_·Ni«ne F>d>o1. 10 YOb. Buffalo. N.Y" Chrispods. MKb" &rdnwu. 1951·1956. R..prin•• PeabotIy. ~ I-kn.

dncbon.l994. Sl-AthanasiUJ.T1tt~lm
ThonusNdoon,I979.

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Augu",n •. Thtc",/tuio.,ojA"f"'''",i.MMtr.utlJo/,. TflR.l.,od.l1
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Co
St.VWuru..·.s...wu.rPra.,19S4. ~Sn.cIocs.KaI.omnoo,MI
Co.pusSmp
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a...r.... &41'1 s,rw MS m.Journal cl Snniric Studia Supplemenf 2

EotI,J, T....u.. ... If

Oxford: Oxford Uni ... ,..;
Ptuol'Ortl>in Oarl"" Young. Ltuvm. BellI'um:~I998. j.s.~ed.S-ti,..."'

....n¥<-s,nO""_6YOb.Rome,I732-1746.

=cl""'a.urdl:At-kwTnnsboon.W~D.e"c.hoIKUniYefsl
FodtG""'FwI!.om"'~"fn.n...~o..r-I{Gt.for1~_lnfl'O>du
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Rnn.1d E. Hei ... , tr>fU. G"l""1 IfNyl>oi T,.."ist "" Ill< 1,,""'1'''.... If rht PuI",,-Oxford Earl)' O,u.ion .5tudiu..0xI0rd:00rmd
'NAL

Sl-lsuc of Ni..."",. 0. AMn~ Uj<. TnnsUred by Muy H1IUbwy. Cratwood. N. Y~ St. Vbcl,,"'.... SnrwuryPmo.I969.

Lee

{:~:d....d&. 'The

Lbnry ofChnstUfl

a-.c.. 26 ..... PhihdelpM.: Wa.1rUIUm'

Pmt.

A Ubo-..yolF..t..ncfd.. HoIyCad>OOnl-VnryPa.u.,IIIOO-IMI. E"".."J. Pennuc. L..(-Soffi"nal Lc.-r: A c.n"""'#)"_Ho.t. ovid>Pmistir>ry of dlt Ni« .... and Pott·Nocen< F....... cl dlt Ch .... " .. " Church. 2 «ria (14 ..,u. 00). Buffalo, N.Y.: Ch';'I;'n Li"'''Nr~. 1887·1894. Reprinl, GranJ Rapids. Moch.:Ettdnwu.I9S2.19S6.~n •. Pe.body.M"'Hendndson.l994

o..p ..... E.doorwto..u~I'NJn"..JSdt< ..... Wr....,..TransLu.nA.Gr«n.Nrw Yod:: P.oulu.c.. 197'9.

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Se. Cytil of Akundn.a. 0. u..., of Or... TrD1ILalod by John Anthony M:Gudu... Cmnrood. N.Y" St. Vbi.Lm,,', Smun.aty Pras. 2000. OWP

John Ch'l"'*om. 0. w.arm .... ,,-,?

Tr.",b<ed by Cad.... n.... P: Rom. C",<wOOd, N.Y" So.

Vladimir".Sttnin.aryJlKu;.19!14.

""""'"INorJs''''' T1>t c....pIru I\I>rL. Tr>nd.attd by CoIm l.uibhrid. Cluoia cl Well.m Spuituality. Nc...Yorl<:P.ouI.. ,I987. j..P.Mp.td.P.oI""""",,,,-,,-rnrnpIeNJ..s.n..Graca. 166""'" Paris: M.gt><. 18S1·1886.. yP.M.gt><.
Lann.a.22I ....... Puu:M.gt><.18+1-ItI64.

E.6.Ptacy.. n..M.-PropIxu:Ac....--.,.2 .... Gr>ndIUpidJ.Moch"Bakn. I'T12 EIU
~....

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R.G.-.Ifin.od.Pauolog... SyNca.3 ....... P.orIl:Finnin.Didot .. oocii.1894·19U. H.dtlubot.j.D.n>tIou .. a1,fHisronano.u-pooI:t-rpooIUni· ...... 'fPras.19II~. Manky.joIu.nn&.*
JE.Rot.U..od. n.. \.\IorbofSl.~""'A T.....,I.r.,.jKm. T......,-Fmtc...•.,.Hydt. P.lrk. N.Y. NewCi.,..Pra.,I990-.

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Vulga«.cheLat'n¥etllOllof .... OIdTQUmmI

INTROD U CTION TO THE TWIILVII PROPHIITS

In wmf»rison ro ""'flY other books of ,he .... ~ Scriptures, the Minor ProphetS d.o not re€~i"e much ."en,ion in our .ime in eidter homiliC$ Or at«heS<$. The ,hunch rathers,

ho~ve"

recognized. .he impor·

,.neeof the twelve prophe ... Th" view w... alrtady signaltd by ,he New T<'.S13ment .urhors in their sufCh

for prophetic orad<'.S rtgUdiflg the Musi:lh. For Chris,ians, p\1$ ChriSt w ... the direcr subjecr of .he prophecies. Although ,h. Ntw Testamen, writers refer to ... Ieer f»".s of rhe Old Te.",mem ... proph.. ic rtvel>tion.boutJcsusChrist.which,heybelicvtd hcfulflUtd.thechunchf.thers,ookthi.sO:X
the rood to Emnu\1$ when he expounded to them. beginning with Moses through ,he Ptophtu and the PWms.all manner of things concerning him ... lf(Lk 24:27.44). A.srhepoSl:l.posrolicchunchforgtditsidenrity.thequestionofi.. ",lationshipto m.oldcovenantw... of p"r,tmount impor"'nce. The que.«ion OVer me r.levance of ,he Old Testamenr SCriplU .... regarding ,he n.wcov.nan, b«am •• n incre ... ingly p",.. ing i.. u .... discussions over ,h. c.non ofScriprn.. unfoldtd. Since a consen'\1$ wo< quickly es,obIi.shtd mar the Old Testam.nt SCriptu .... ~re a f»trimony of rhe chunch_a view rh.! w ... al ..ady .. toblishtd in tht apostolicchunch proper-m. main goal of ,heex~is of ,h= Scriptures focused on finding ,he hidden Chri.s, wi,hin them. The p ..... rva'ion of the new cove' rum' in wri".n form in the Gospels.nd in the .... ' of th. rorpu. of m~ New T""'men( b«.me (he most 'angible way of .xp..... ing ,he connenion betwttn the two Coven.nls in the Old and New Testament SCriptu.... A good number of ,he ,welve prophers wert given prominence in key pi"".. of ,he New T~$ta. ment. but among rhe church famers ,her wert ..rordtd an even mOre significant rol. in scnprural excgc.sis ofproph«;..pointingfojuu.Christa.th.promi.tdM.... iah [ti.no'n",ess.o'Yh''''to
f""Phe<s

(Stt rhe introduclions for each book in the com""'n=y). One i, di""'N to the abundan,


fund:uncntal importance for \1$ i, that the twd,,, prophcu ~'" for }«\1$. the :apos,1e$, trn: chur<:h fothersand

Jew. the "T)' won! of God. Numerous Chri'fion$-uuhoIic. Orthodox. Prottsun,-andjews still believe th" ~y. reg.trdJes$of rhe radical cWms in cmainquartttSof th~ modcmac.ademic community. T J,e Majoe lnterp...,te .. Almightbee~pectN.thef»f
• ~ ref""$Cnt>.tion of both Gruk and utin fathers with a few from other tradi,ions.• uch as Srri",. Also, [ have given attention 10 many . ",hors of complete commen.. r;" on th. twelve prop/ltt.s: Jcrome. eyeil of Alex.ndria. Thcodorc of Mop.u .. ti •. Theodo ... , of Crr and [""''dad of Mew. Jcrome .nd Crnl

Jerome wrole m.1ny. although not all. of hIS commcnl
...t......ud age. For iJu,unc:c. he wro
H,.

p..... i notspakofChrist at aiL Nonethcksa,Cyra6nd.s Christ aIItg<>
Thtodori. corn..... n!ary epitomizes me An,io<;tI(nc form of ucgnis.. [, is onc of me ~w Gm:k wotIu of hisdutha~~lnmeir""tirtty.H~excgnisislargdyhisrorical~ticaLor;'n,edt(lW;lrdaLt_

cralundcn
The commentary ofThcodom of Crr cxhibiu ucguu which demonsmus rypoIogKaIand ehrisco<:m· tne ,nterpmation at nuny poinu. lRc rv.-e/ve prophet'lfe also quoted utcr apprccW:lOfIofme.-lwpmpbeuandtbcircm.raIrolc",ChrilnancxcgcsisolmeOldT._=,,""" primary goallw a1wl)'l been to proc\.aJm m..tjd. hi. people either to ,o"",le Or to reprimand. These oracl.. w.:r. ,ommunic... ed m ,he prop/Iefl by way of duanu. visions. coruics and concRt. ownll. which lhey in rum ddivercd in ,he form of KrmOIU. writings or ,ymboii, actionl. All of me cvi
_ol""_ . . . "'....1>o""""""""'_"" .... ...oI_ol"" .... M04_.,.,..,.,. .. _ _ _ t..t-.. _fouod.""'' ' ' '*' ' • a......t'''''.-ol ..

·AIwondt... ...... _~ ............

·.........- ................... s . - T _ (d. ......~

oI_

~""

'TnooIoI1,........._ .........

."..(."...I ...............

x",ii

(ldaaol

s.-T_

~rolhcprophctiroffia~.dis"nnl1mca.mdindistinc,placn.rtgatdlcssofsocWrank.(Asimib,


When .ges in vitw of ,he Mouir law ID ir.lnc pri=rr concern w:u m heal a ruprure of the COV(:nan, wi,h God

.,.d ~'I fiddity or infiddi.y

and his pcopk. 1'herearealso fnqumr refermca IOthc promisfd Ma"iah who would"""", ro$Uhdue all !he narions.cmbW.hjusrice.bringallpcopksUJ\lkrthc_=andjOOgtm....dccd.. Thcjudg:mmland mn· dudsol~aretsptcWlyhardonmeHcbrewsprc
narions-Thuschqcouklnol'd"nmignoml«ofthtir.-.btionmthconc,NCGod. Mo~r,prophetirrevd.rionsdol1O(rou<)Wany.tricr.hismricalchronologjcal<>r.1C prophecy also Krved.u 'ypes and figum offuture evtnu so m..1 I lingk prophecy had porcntialapplic>tionfor.conrcntpo"'rysinu,ion in ,he prophet., lik· rimt and !he distant future. Mosl 01 !he roum. fathcn. with thea«prion oflhost who /"oIJo-.w.d llv· ocIort: of ~1opwelIia, ...+>o limited rhmud_ 10 the prophccits SIngled. oul by !he New Tos,arncnt,_ convinced ,h.. :all of !he propheOa. (VCI' .he PulltI', spoU of Chri.. ';,hcr In expIici. or veiIcd "'")'1. Tnepmphc<'s main minimy WI, mall me Hebrews Nck ro rhtir God (•. g., Zed. 1,4).A •• i""" ,h. prophelf did nOr appear to h.ve full knowledgf of th. meaning and purpost of wh., God £alIN ,hem <0 proclaim. For "".mplt.jona/t .:.lIy <..fusIng m coopc:..... wilh God. Among the Hebnws, M.-. would alWJ)'I be reg.>rdcd .. ,he archetyp>l prophet, even lhough EJijah 100 would reach grat prominenc•. Th:.1 il why the prophnir boob ~ alWllYS placM in rhe Old Ta ... • mm. wr the Torah. uuwise lhe Gosptt.. which conUUl me words and deeds of the n<'W Mooa. ha.,.., prominen«'ntheNcwli_~lonkr.JntheH~QnonthebooludesignatN"prophetic_

mort btNdly "'lnceivtd ~nd thus sp;Imlfd f'rom,lo4hua m Malach~ ududing Danid. In ,he Grttk £anoIt. howc.,.., •. lhe pmphf'ic books wcre m,rk'N m Isaiah through Malxhi. including D.nifi. In gf"" ...1 't,ms. ,h. nttfrging dmrch and ,h. £ommuniry a, Qum... n ,.ad prophcq in one of two w.ys: .. poin.ing.othcdi"~mfu,urt,whcnalll«rouwouldbtre.,..,alcd.or:upoin.inglp«ir,,aIIY10th.i, contmunirlcsu t:hcdirt<'l obj«u of pr<>phtric fulIiU"",nL &rh groups considered many in ,M La~rcom· .... niry oljt.o... 10 ha.,.., falkn ~ ....~y from God's dcsigru. The New Tdl~t iudf ..,ablishai the fi:lunW. rionlOrtl"'''I'f"'O"''h.ttheouuctlOrtheposr'''l'''"oIicchurch.Thusi.udea.,ha.thiswurlOlsomcth'ng rbr church f.,hfrs inl't'l'llN or '.,..,n forud upon the ,at$. Howcvtr. ,h.... is no douIx t/u, they.ooIr.boo: prupnnic reX., m gfeal" l.ngtlll of in'trpretalion 10 cxlIXI from them. =inly mrough allCSOry and typology. 'boo:ir£hriuological mcaning. Ch"slil'" adopted th. belief from Mi&h .... K and Talmudic Judaism that ,h. age of fomL>! prophecy n><W wi,h ,boo: dcsrruoion of the first .emple or during .he .ime of HaWi. Zcdurioh and MiliI:hi. Tne en ... booIu. ...... even the w:eodtd.,..,..;on ofDanid of , he Scprwgin •• did 1\01 in ,hcrnscJ_ upw. ,his ~ Moles toowasgivocn the primacy in rdalion m the propiIeuamong:allJcws.ln Chris
TH. Tw",v. PkOPH£T$

the I~w of MOS<'S and the prophets and had established a new Israel, the church. E.orly medieval Jewish en· ~""vig<XOusly"'jeaedthi.ideainthei,apologeticsasa"",ytorounter,here~hingmatlsraelh.dbecn

r.pIacedbyrhechurch This 'r.>n$ition from [.,,,,,1

to

the church as the new chosen people, which included Jew and Gentile,

n:vcived~round,hechurchf"thers·intttprt'tO.rionofmesigni6"mceofthedestNCtionofthetemplebyme

Romans in A.D. 70.1he churrn fomers rq>Uudlyoommm,ed.11 IOu, Gosp
(-J. A. T. Robinson.

long time, New T..
i..ucs Nse
from God upon unbelievingJews for their rtj«.

lion of pus as the Messiah. lasdy. i, demons,ra,ed rna, me old ~<)Ve .... n' priQthood, sacrifices. rin.oal, ~nd ,ymbolsludbemabolishedforgoodandhadbeenrtpbcedbyrhepriesmoodandsacramentsofthenewrov.

eN"'. mos, esp.1"'>.1 one .nd h>
"'F,jon ofCh,;st. For this reason Paul prophHied ,h.,.o, some ,ime in thefutu .. Israel would come to full beliefinpus as me Me .. iah. This ,[uem"", by Paul about me rorwer&ion cl the Jews proved ro be a "",raining hand ag.i"'t ami· Semirism. which would mve been ronMer.lbly worse wimOUI it. This explains why me forced con,,,rsion of jews,or anyonc: for ma, m.m.r. wasoonsisrendy con&mned and was never an officia.I taching of the church Throughou' the hisIQry of the churrn. m. jews have alwa)"s been considered. cen!ral p;trt cl God 's overall pUn cl oalv.rion. even in mis age. The .. rung langu;
Jews' rejection of)esus strik.. us as ..riden,. if no, shocking. in mis moreecumenical time in which we li,..... We mun bear several ,hings in mindaboul this h.rd langu;ry and o,he, li'eury devices was the normal way

of expression. inrended IQ drive. major p<>int home through mikingmrmsof communiation.ln the era of

the churdl (ad>en, ont findJ ,irniL>rly shocking remarks made by p..,. agairw pw md Christians. Evm jduJ. who ~ himsdf in "u".. o",ident waY", mani£u,1S th .. j(wish _y rA <eaching. """- was a

normal way rA expre..ion (hen. parlic:uL>rly in .o.poIognics-j(wish or Gentile-would now be coruidcm:l unacceptable, and rightly $0. W. mw(. however, let the texIS IPCU as rhey were wrinen wimou( imposing ouragendasinanachlruaguu) as prophecy about Christ, as type

poinring ",ChM md >ntitypeag>;rut rhcJews for rojccringChrist. The pcrioopa choom for thU woIumc O!'ftWhdminglydtmoruo:r.l.tedwforrhccburdlfahcrs..JIrArhcctmnenirsmdsarnGasrArhcrnnpkpf"· 6gurcdChrist,rhcchurchmdrhcummallSrArhcn£W_~.Morawcr,thefxtdwwchtypclc:ould

bcdwlydisccmtd was proof for rhcchurdl fad>en dw rhcChriJrian faim was the only

'NC f"ulfiUmmtrA

thcproph«ies."TheywtrCconvin«drAthis.o.bobyrhcdear~m>lmesacwncnuofmtold~~nt

were never intended ro be pcrpmully .-aIid. The chu",h f:llhe .. repnttdly ""'" du, the old Israel had b«n twaform~ into the new Israel. Prophecy and il$ fujfiUmtn, by Ch';", was also a sign that he was rhc anoiruN onto On n_~ <>lsm. In me hc.tl~ exchange bctwccnj(WI and Chrisrion$ regosding the m.wanic (exts. both UKid the foundation !"or me proph.tric turth /Or pw in me Old TQ.(;J .... nt with thcgo.alofdctnons.ratingthat he had fujfilltd. all.he ~requi';'''rAthc: Mes.siah. ThHc references to the Old T..,amen, 31"<: found in the Gosptls. Aea of me Apost\cs, Paul', epistles, I ~er. I John and ~.ela(ioo. The church ("hers-u i, evidem from (he ""!um", of .he ACCS SCri6, which conta,n rtpre· Imlaltve and conscruo.ul .exts-used various eugc:(i,o..e about discernmen. rA the reachinp rA sdf.prodaimtd. prophcu and rhcir mesugea. n.pt<>phcc1OS art discina from those: du, poon'td. to me NfUre MtWah In ci.he. of me TWO ad .... nts bcausc: they wen: alleged ....... rnaugt:f reg.ard.mgpw and his church. Thil dioaw.ion _dandtha(me ..mpk ..... rifica.......,fulfilledintho&cofthen£WCOVCIWlI.md~by \,pri<srhoodludbcm~by


still J I«OOd

ad~m to

fake pL1a in the: fUrur(. Thi, adven. wauId bring abou, the: last judgmeru and

rm

m.;Ibji$h.....ent of 1 un~rs;>I,.eu:nul kingdom.. For thc: mun:h f:.thc:n, Old Tesumtn, proph«y ~ a put, prtUltt {thtlrtunc)andlUru... dirntnSion.whichcoU«ttvdypointcdcojesusO"isranclhUchurch. Wha, IO/low$ art ...JlN'ltd,

t
qtMXa,ions of dle church famers in which dwy IOcu$ upon

Chmt'. IUIlillment of Hebrew prop/tccia.. Thm: a't, of eauOS<', many orhtt "PPianions to ,heK JpCciIic lexts, :and rudm willlind lhese ilio within thc: cown oflhi. volume. In kttping wim tradillOn, I Iu~ en... $m ro pru<:ru tile prophm in thc:ord", in which Ihey art found in tile common Old T(Stame:m mared by COIholia,Orlhodox,l'ror(S,anrs and~W$ who. a'

le~'

on ,hi, poin., uphold annonic:oJ COnSCnsuS.

Hose. iaon(of,h(mouex'(n.iv"nar .... iVtlof,h(Mioor Prophel •• and,herefOre,hcnu mcrou sc hri,. ,oIogical m<:SS;iga tile church fa.hers found .he.... hoold 001 come U a surprise. H<»ea 1:1·3 was typicaUy viewed as a p~nc dcKriprion of}csus and thc: pro&lirul(:as r«onltd Matthew 26:()'l3. In Ho&u 2:19· 23.Ihe: prediclion of rile ulvarion of dle: Genril.. 11 prodlimed. Hosa 3:4·5 conuins referenc .. ro Chn£1 co,mng from Ihe oIfspnng of D.vid and to the: nunntt in the Euclurisl. Chrisl', puIoion, dcKml ro Ihe


o,risI, in Hosa 6:6-9,lhc prorrWc of thc: Holy Spirn ia .nl\Ol.U\Ctd in Hose.. 7. lhc falling away and ~m>Cnl of Judu was propOcriaJly anoop.ated in Hosa 8. M.o.inly sccuhropposirion to thc: o,ml by Herod, Pomius Pilll.. and the: RornanSU'e il .Uuded to in Hosa 10:1·11.ln :addition, me flighl ofme holy (amily to Egypt and ,he: d""igna.ion ofpm as ,he MW Son of Egypt i, represen,ed in H.-.. 11. ThegiITs

of,heHoIySpirilrnanil'csledinlhencwcovcn.marPcruecmlwcreanf\OUn,edprophelicallyinHoscal2. Th .. deslruction of cin,h Ihrough Chril" s puch;t! mysrery was an,icip:o.td in Hosca13:13·IS. How. 14

.ro
Cl'OIIofO",I(", thc: new rr""oflik:and the fig."", ... the: new vinc, which iso,m.,whogt\'C$lhe new wine of elenul lifc.)od 2:2S-32 promises the: amd'ng of the Holy Spiril, o,risI', ascension and thc: day of Pm'<'OOf(, which compln(S mkmprion.)od 2:11·}21w adoubl( In($$ag<' reg=lingm.arcyrdom andulva· lion.)od }: 1·21 speak. of .he judgmm. of .he na.ion., .... mnam of lrue bc:lievers and ,he incarna.ion. Accord'nglolhe:Falhers,lheproph.. Amotprcdicltdlhe:n:ndingofthevcilofthc:temp/eandlhe .arthqu.ake ll,lesus' crucifi~ion.·The bc:u.ryai of Judas i. f~se<:n by ,h( prophet in Amm 2:6. Amol 4:11 warn. ,ha, ,he dt"ruction ofSodom and Gomorrah .. vc.1I ,hal Chril( i, ;t!lOa judge. In Am", 8, (he passionofChriat,me .. ndingof,hcumplcvcil.me.arlhqlUk•• ndrhedarkened,"narefOutoldinwiking
bread of ... nul lifc.A."... 9containsa prophcric ~n« to rhe ascension and to Chml as the new rabc:r_ nadcrhl,lwrtpUccdthe:oIdlmlpk.which was dcsuoyfd by the

~

ThcbndCarolallthe:prophcaisObadIah. Thcf.dloll.ucifermakalCOflllixJriontoNcwT~ dUboIogyandi"u:d~rotheprOOkmolt:Vtl:ando:htodq.ThcCl.usrrop/'ti(~ofrhe

dcsuuctionofthe<m>plc. ... prtdictr
u;;

ryp
l.ord"lIanmccfpuniohmen.,butltis~arimclOrdM""JU'I1C"'and

(mncM.Some mu.m f.uhenapplxd tht"Day"totht punishment cfurhdievttsar dw=

Lutjudgment. The

cupolwr.l.hd»tthtA$$yrimsandOWdca""drutk~du.whid.thc)ews~(dwimtht

Rom"'" in .... 0. 7O.jcrusakm. Moun. Zion and Mount Euu .~all usroas types cl thtmurch.

The prophtr joruh emergN .. one of the cemral mino.- propl1n' in ~La.ion to .he!\I'W cove""n •. This i, SO m.>inly bec.use Jesus ~kcMd himself 10,Jonah. ThLII .he ptophn jopOkc:cltht IUUrrectionclChriK.,..,w. 1:4-17contam•• vantrycfLaI..,..discl<mdmunings:puscalm. ing tht IoU and .he winds. Manhw rtpbong tht .>p<>=le)ud.u by Iot•• nd tht whole tpiI'Xk rdlecring Joouh at. 'YP"of tht 1UUn«.ion.Jocuh 2:1·2cuuJonoh as!>ting in liM ""m the hnoiaofElijah and me JtVmMaccab«'.No,onIyi.lhe whale •• La'edtojonah.bulalso.hebc:Uyof .hebcaslis .... nata 'YP"of M.ryi womb and ofChri..·• tomb. Th. book of)onah abo fimM. COJlncclljonah', repen.ance wilh Ihal <:ip.,er.jonah·"hrced>.ysinthcwh.lcwata'YP"oflhehatTOwingofh.UbyChrisl.asprofcssedin,he ,o.po.t1....·Crccd.Furthc:nnorc,evcnatJocuhsurviftdthtwh.alc.ndElijah ... rviftdthe6crym.rioI:.so OtristsurvMCflr;oncc:at~totheuntq>Cfl·

lmcuagcs.Micah Was • fnrl.'lhadowing clpLII. whilt lhe Ih.« men who .ppeartd 10 Abrah.m wtr. a 'YP" of tht triune: KY' cl.anon. Momwcr. tht ~ving w••"" cl ~ist= robe foond In thllChaplU. Micah 2.......u thl! "''Ioun. 'lion as.
wbid.watforcroldbythtuod ..... TIw: Egypo:iaruwttt.
For the church f... h.... Habillmk 2;1·3 =uJtd.a prop/1
who would carry lhe Ml$$Uh in her womb. Hbkkuk 3:I·2.hows how Ch,;" is Ihe one who links the two coven:",,.. rq>reSenlea by the two :minuk. llw: miracle of the wine at Ca"" ~ve.J$ God '. p"rt«1 timing and provision and Kccmu.o.les divint providence. Lasdy. the ,nrufigur.ltion ~vea4 how the old covrnanl has been

replaced by the new COVCIWlI. Hobilimk 3:)'{; speaks of )enwJem. lhe Mount of Olives, the a=nsion of Judeo aoo IkthJehem. llw: Son of the uniconu (Ps 2&6 LXX) is a type of Christ aoo the CTOM.

Christ.

Hbkkuk 3:7·19 cont:O.ins a variety of prophetic im.:>ges about Chri., aoo priests: rhe sun and moon ar. the a=nmn and theprie.,.. Ernmanud ref= ",God'sown rnmingas high priw. The book of Z.phani.:oh was con.i.,.ntly interp~ted by the church f...thers as r""e.Jing the p;lssage from an e"dmivdy Jewish. oId·covenam relationship with God 10 a universal. Genrile·inclusive new cov.nant Zephani.:oh 1-2 revu\s th., the isL>nds are th. G.ntiles. to whom the m=age of ..un,ion is being pro· cL.imea. The dtsrruction of ,he """pie was God's dramatic way of doing .WlIy wi,h ,he old coven.n, and judgingth. )ews fur resistingChrisr as Messiah. Zephani2h 3 comprts .nd contr.lSt5 the sacrifices of both coveru.nl$, the new being the great" bee..... it includes ,he Gen,ilts. The new coven:>m has repi",ea the old, and the new city of God h •• ~pl",ea )enwJem. The ann.OO shoulder in this union typify the un;· versaliryof ,he new Covenam in Christ. who alonec.n truly wash away sins. H.ggai I shows ,h., ,he new temple of ,he Holy Spiri' is no longer a fi~ea building like ,he old temple bur mher,he

body of be!;evers.Haggai2:1·7 typologically speaksofChris, 'sstrondoulventgarmen"in

the person ofjehozadak. Z.rubb.bel has a doub!e typological muningin ,har he poin.. '0 ChriSl aOO ,he chu"h, and anricipa'ts ,he movemen, in reveL.'ion from idol.try to I:.ow, from law to gospel. The twO ad,..,n" of Christ were foretold by the prophC't. H~i 2:8·23. when speal
,h~

new COV.nant. 'The comparison of D.vid .nd Zerubb.abel mil'TQl'l the same

be""een Elijah aOOJohn the Bapn.d'h.~ ... ,h .... ill,th.rop«..n.de...,'Y' ,hingclu,th.cyd,.w.hc"h.n.d,backto.h.cmH!vel.n.dr .. ocd,hcm,oh..ven.nd.n'''' ....d God. Ho"'~. u 0" R~PB"TA"C. " .. 0 A~"5G'v· I ..

,,).a.'

Tu " SA IL"'" AC" "OWUD" I T". Jun l u" '" M. .. '" OP GOO. JUOM': Th....ilor •• nd ,h. pa •. .. ng<'U in ,h. bookofjoon.h .... y. "W"bcse«h you. 0 LonI. do not d."",y UI on accoun, ofthil man.nd I.y not upon w in.-.n' bloood. I'or you, LonI. have don... i, plUHd you:Thcy do no, kno ... tl"".,.",n.why.hcptophc •. afug"'ve .... vant.d... rvcd,obcpuni.hcd.Andye"h.yju"ifyGodand"kn"wl.dge.hc blooodofhlm who .. d",d •• htydono,know,obcinnoccn,.Andin conclu.. on •• h.ysay. ·You.OLo.d.h.vedon.ao tlpluscdyo":Thcydono'qu.",on,heju,,ic .. of,heJudgm .. n,ofGodbulacktKIW~,hcvc· .."'yofth.Ju.. Judgc.A""".n.,.H.V .....,,'.

o

",.,1.1)."

,u.

TH. Su I. C" LM . D.J UOMI:Th. do.. no, uy ,hey ."i~cd hIm 0< .h~1 .h.y ,hrew hIm ,no bu"h.. ,hey,ooIthim.car'Y,ngh,m .. o... [d.· .... ,ng] rupoet and honor. Th.y du(ha
134

.... c~n'''t of IU oKs... i,

~JO'CI'l,o ha~

n. and

from,ha')CIfi'r~,urn.,o''''n'luIIl''y.lf_woJl gj~

'0

'on".urallon th~ ,im~ bcfo~ ,h. pus"", of Ch"". [_ will . u \lm~uon~d,,,urbeJ. by) .h• .. to .. of,h~ worldand,h~ hc.dw",d.of v"'"uloplnio"s,Th•• n"r.lx>a,ofhum.ni,y. ,hat i• •• h.crtalio" "flh. L"rd ...... in poril Bu, ,h.n.af,.rhisp." 'on.w..... .....,rldwh.r. .hc.. i.tI",ulmoff.i.h,.WOt'ld"po",•• nd ... cur. for ••• ryo .... W..... ,urnlng .ow..d God. In,hl.... ywcm.yundc .. undhow•• f,.rJ<>nah go.. ,n'o'h.c.u.'h.c ... i••ll •••• ,cdof".... r. moil.Co ....."TAuoNjoiL •.•S."

.ha,

.,.,o ...

T H. Du.,. , O,AOMON • AI'OHOltC Co.. · STlTuTIO"S: h ,s.l", you, du,y. 0 b,u,op. to fo!. low th. ""amples of .ho...h.. h.ve gone before and ,o.pply.h""JudgmcnUlkillful1y to thecu· cs of ,h.... whow.n, word. ofsc.''''yo.ofcon· soJ.,ion.Ik"d .... i,i . ... wn.bl.,h •• iny""r admlntl""ionofju"ic'you,houldfollowthe will of God. AI God d••I, with lin ne ... nd ""Ih thos.",ho rclUrn. you should ac,ac(ord,ngly In your judgIng. Now did noc God by N.,h.n ad· monIsh D,vld fo,htloffensc! And ye. as ""'" as h..... ,dh.~~n«d,Goddcl, .....dh,mftom du,h.say'"g. "Ik ofgood chccr: you sh.!I no' d,.:"So.lln.",hcnGodhad""scdjon.h,obc , w.llow.dupby,hcscaandlhcwh.leuponhtl rtfunl,op ...,h""heN;n •• itcl.wh.ny.,h. pr.yed,oGodou,of,hcbclly"f,h.wh.l •. h.,.· "'.....,dhtlltfeftomcorrup'ion.C".. nl.,.UTIO ..S Of Till HO~T Al'Osnu 1.).U."

]O .. AH V. .. UHI... CH ••• .,.. T..... uLu" .. :Did Jon.h.,h.n.on.htlKcoun'.,hlnk,h.... ~n· unu",uunncce ..aryfo.,h'p'g.nN, ncv".I. wh.nh.,.i.d.o.v<>idhi,du,yofp1'CJChi ng!Or wU " no,. , .. her.lhal he fo .. uw ,h.t ,h. mercy of God would bc pou1'Cd 010' on ,he h."hen al",.

."d ... f... I'flIH would pto .... him. f.lst:proph· .r."Ac.u.Jlr"wU~C.UHOf.p.g.nci.y.

""'..... dod

.,.......ncc.

Y'" know God .nd whorh .,nnd In ,h.. ,M ptophe. was .Imos. 10Sl. And

,'le>!

hr ..,ouJdh.""~enlol.'.~r."no,for,hef"'.

,n..wh.. hecndurdw....ypoof,hcLord·, ,ulf..,n,.bywhich ",g.n poni,.nu.l.., "",uld b<,.dc<mcd.ONPu.unro."

~~::, ~~:;:r~;e~:~:~~:Dd.~~:~::::.:~;r dtdby'heLolonny IU: while~lul by God'. will was sltcp,n,.,heICaw..."".dup.for,ru:purpolC oirnan,f.."ng,h«uft.. rh.powc:.ofhimwho sItpI:.They ..,drojon.h. -Wh .. .... youdo'ng IIkcp:'RrICup.c.Uuponyou.God.th.,God ""'y .... w:but,h •• postleo .. y. -Lord ..... ru!-"lnthefi ..,'nlra"".th.yuid.C.nupon ro«tGod •• ndin,h....,ond..... u•. ln.h.fi .., .fr>n.h .. ,d.o,hcm. "Pickmeup.ndrhrowm.

in'o ,he ..". ,h., "m'yqui.. down fo. you': ,n liwOIherChnllh'm$<:lf •.. bukdrhew;nd.nd 'MH" •• ndth ... c.m."''''".calm:.. jon.ah ..... c.. "nrorM~nyof., ••• rfi.h,bu,Ch""ofhll ownw.lld • ..,cndd.o.hc.bo.kof,h.>nv ..,bl. filh of d• .,h. H. wen, down of hi. OWn w,n '0 m.l:.de.,hd"go'ge,hos.i,h.d ...... nowdup. .ccordLngrorh.s.:"pruro: ·I,h.nd.hve.,hem irom,h'po .... er"f,h.nerhcrworld . • ndl .h.ll ..d«m ,hem f.om durh:"C~TlCHn'c~ .. LIC'

TU."."''" D o NOT FI~ . CTN IC, S.. ABOVT M, u,cu •. AUGun"":lMlu'que'C1on,,.bou,jon.h. .nd ,,'.notpu.uifi.w.....J:.nfrom Porphyry bu, .. ,f" "'.... I.u,hin",ock of.h. "'Vn•. lr "up.....d,hw: ·PluH .. llm.wh.,~ ..e,o ,h,nl:.bou.jon.h. who ,.uld '0 h ... becn ,h.« d.".,n,h.btllyof.wh.l •. lr'$.mp.ohbl •• nd unbth.v.bI. ,h.. he.houldh.v.becn.w.lIowd

upw"hhildo,hmg."d lhouldh.v.~cn'ntid.

,h.fi.h.li"i.fi,u ... ivc!yuid.pl...... pl.,n". ... 1 have no,ic
2:'·10 JONAH 'S PRAYER FR OM THE HEART OF T H E SEA

'~t tIlt rootl oft"t mo~ntainl. I "'tntdo",ntct/'tI"nd ",bcltb~rldoltd upon mrfor tvrr: Jtl tbcudidll bring up my lif,from

'T".nJonab p'''ycd lo I". LORD bi,Cod from tht bdlyof,bcfil",'s"y,ng, '1 ,,,rr,d/or"t LORD,oulofmydlllrm. .ndb'''"IWtrtdmt; cWlcflb,htlIJofSbtollwcd, .ndlhoudidslb."rmyvolrt. 'Forlhoudid, trasrmtinrOlhtdup, inIOlbth.artofrh'ltas. udrhtfloodwasrowndaboUlmt: "1I1"y",u(I,,ndlhybillows p.HtdovtTrnt. 'Thtlll,aid,"l"mea
,",Pi" OLoRomJGod. 'Wbr n my lowlfaimtd ""tbin rn" I rtmrmburdI"t LORJ); And my praytr camt 10 Ih .., inlOlhyholyltmplt. 'Tbolt ...bcpaJT,gard 10 v~in idoll fo r,aktlbtir/ntloy"IIy. 'Bul 1 ... 111, 11,. ""iCt0f,b"nvglv,ng willl"crifi'tto Ibtt: wballbav,vow,dlwillp"y. Dtli~tran" btlong' 10 I", LORD!" IGA lld Ih. LORD 'poh 10 Ih. fill,. and

il

vomil,dcwlJcn"hw~nl~dryl,,"d.

Ovnv ,. wl Rtxhlng rI•• w".rmOlf !omn of ...il ,n.h. bt!!yof,hefish,jon.h ,.",dou' to God fo. h.lp (S"5'L). Hi •• nduron,."nd prayn'n ,h. wh.I ... bellybe<:.m'''pa".,nfo,Ch,i"i.nu, ce" ~uu"us). Th. belly of .h. fish typ,fi •• MafY·' womb, from .oh,,,,,. Ch"" would com. (A....osa). Abo .• h. belly of ,he fish,. call«l',h..b.lIyofh,W"nd"hi:cned,orhe

136

,h,..,d"y.of",".·d.",h(TH_~).A •• u! Ehjahwucon.um.dby .... nylngchuooth.vt allO.h..eumpkofjonah,who ... ,v.vedun·

.... h
B... ,lTHBGUAT.OUT'ON41·14."

~.EU5).

:::~~;:,::~;::,:~,,~"~T.::;

;:::;:n

holy God hu pro.JUgd thot< wh" ~ in h,m. .,un."f"<>pef,omev.ry.miCllon.w•.• v.nlf ... h• .-.,b.en "u' off in ,he mid .. of.h ••.,.. of ..,I•• nd."' ..ckedby.h.migh.yw • ...,•• mr.d op'"'""nJlu.by.h•• por".ofwick.dnus .... ve •. d>olc".ndu,",nCh.mwho Ifreng.hen.u •• W. b.... no,.I ... k.nMlhelnlen.,lyofou
GUlloRY 0. NAZ ..... :zU5 : Do you pU,K.h.: f.... Itun... ofEhJ.h,n'pe.k,ngro'yran ...ndhi. truul,"on,nfi"' .nd,h.n,,bl.h
,h.

Jl7

Jo """ R~~~N n 1"H.OU" " V. .. n. p.o .. TIIB O . nlls ,C"s" ooollus:Thcwo,df",d.o:p.h(f'"!' fo..J· .. )· .. ·nd.fOr~"'follh"'.,hef.. bo..om. who.. Ioweall"'d, ... wholly .ubrmrgcd. From hc«.heprophc.cn«lto.h.:lordlOthath.could bt more ...ily hurd.lt w» from ,h" d.o:p,h .hat Pe'.. pou.«lfo"hh'.glo.i.,u. ,~a ...nd rtomh~re .h... h.,""coll«.o •. whoh.df.lI(n.od«plyin,o . in,h.. he could nOl e""n .. iKh"~YC'lOh~.""n . bt., hll bI.meworthy bu.... Finally from ,hese dtpth.Jonah ....ho ...uset in {he wh..lc·1 belly.nd hadm •."Mh.ll.I ..... poklnrest:.n.dby .. wond.rouo.nd """"lprcceys .nd th .... n,ghu;.t>tI the
..net..

h,gheJ.Rcd«mcr.Ex,..,sITIONONTH I PUU<S

"9.'," 'KA1U'H l ..." H ':za.....l:'l 'f.. ).l . .1. ' 0..1<5-17. ~1~::;2.':z M.co: U ..1. 'FC 2Nl.9.1. 'Po UIU .........

JO<'~H .:HO

Cn: · t c".d 011.: he uy ......
F ... . .O .. P .......... UTO .,... ' N.D ' NFLlGHT. PAULlHUS 0' No ..... , Now ,h~, t h~.~ m.d< ment10n ofrhegrn'prophe<.wholyp,fiufhe holy "'yltcry.fou$h.dow.d,h.d"fhwhlCht.u.cd fh, •• d.y•• nd,h •• a1 ... ionif'c..o,.d.t.hould h~e,o •• 'ue.,h.foo..,.p.of"'ypoe"'.nd b"cAyh.".nt..ck,o)on.h,Wond,ou'''TC,h. Lo ...f$at .. t'V", •. Though plunVd in ,h...... h. ,cued on ,h. WaY •• unh ••",.d. Though d~. ,""u •• d.heit •• don .• nd,hebeas"h., ..... lIowcd h,m um."..d unkrhc~ppcGoxI by .....ohi
T .. . 8 ' U T .. ' ~ Tu. nF Wo .... A....o ..: l,kej<m.h ... h.nhcw.. 'n.h.bcUyofrh.fi.... l pr.ycd '0 you on bchalfol.h.pcopl •. S,milarly. Ch"" wu wuh God from hi. mo,h.r', womb accord'ng'nwh .... wri".". "B.fo.. fh.child kn ..... goodo,ovil.h.cho •• ,h.good:"TH.

'nmyamlC.ion.andh.h.a.dm~.o..,of.h.bcl.

lyofhdl he hcard my crr: ·1:u)'llJon~h. ·w.... proy,ou.ty,hnughf.h ... Godappca"'oproph~ .. only'n)~.u .. l.m.foundhimp,.. cn' ••~n'n {h. wh.le', b.lly. And hl.ing p'ay~d '0 him.! wu d. I,v.r.d by h,. lnve of hUm:;\ni,y." H. Clll, ,h. wh.le·,belly "th.bcllyofhdl"bc(auu'h~bca .. i.d.t.dly.In f.. ct.Jnnah"'. ... tu.dyp.«..... th.t,f.ofJonah wu beyond hiJ con,roI.wh,t.,n.h.c~nf.h.Lordbofhh"

d..,h.ndh" ... urt..,.ion ...·... ""lun •• ry.Th .. i. why,h.GolpclcaU.rh.plac.ofh.lI.ndd... h ".h.h .. "oi •• "h:whileh,rc.hebcllyofwh.l. ;,call.d ·,h"bcllyofh.lI: "H. h.. rd my voic. ," ny,jon.h."ncc(>,h.rw, ... h.wouldno.bc.h •• .o .. y,h".CO .... INT...TONJON .. " •• j."

2:6 Brug&lfrotol I&t Dtpl&1 JON~ " TYP,.,BoC H"uT. CU'Lor JUUSH''': )on.hfullill.d"·Yp"nfours",.,o,wh.nh. pr'Y"dfrom,h.bcllyof,h.r..h.nd .. id. -I ni.dfo.hflpfrnmrhemidstofth.n.. h.rwortd: H.wu,nf"".,n,h.r.sh.Y",h" "Y',h .. h.i.in .h.... ,h.no'1).ld.Jn.t... r ...... h.m.n,r•• tly proph..... 'n'hep".sonofCh"." "Myhtad wcn, down ,n,o.he "hums of ,h~ moun,"",,: y•• hcwu,uU,nrh.bcllyof.h.r..h.Wh., moun,.,n •• ncamp ... you! Bu, [know. I." "'Y" tha.[.m'fYP<'°fh,mwhoi.robcl..din,h. "'pul"h.rh.wnoll,of r"" k.Wh,I"h.wu,nth. •... jonah"'y,. · ) w.n,downin,o,h ..."h:rn,

PUYuo'JO'~''ODAV,06.1S." "M;W4Ikl)6.l1". "'P(;IU1l9.

138

"a:"',161J1X. "Fe_

"M'L~

tit typificd C~ri". ",ho Wcn' down in'o ,hc h~ .., "th•• ~"h. C ..... CHBTlCAL LECTUR. t4 . ~0. "

2,7-8 Pr"y.r. to God , Not '0 Idols

)0 ....... R. M.M .. "UTH.

LO"D. Sn'~"NTHE

NEWTHEOLOnhasc<>mplct<.

~~~::~::dr::~:O~~~~::.';::;;:~~.~~::.~~'

: On.i.fill.dwi,hunu«... bl.f.. randind~snib. .bl
mddtliv... himfrom,htaby.. ofignorance.nd Iov
PuCTICH AND THOOLOG'CAt CHAPT1!k$ ,.,6." 2,9 Dd;v.,,,~
to tht Lord

Is A THB 0 . Tll B RUU It. 'UC T 'ON. TUTUU'AN: Jon.h was .wallow.d by ,he mon.ter of ,h. d•• p. in whose belly whol •• hip' wer. devoured .• nd.fter,h .."d'y. hewasvomi"d ou'.g.in,af•• ndsound.Enoch.ndElij.h,who ev.n now.w;,hout.~ptri.ncing.r .. u"tc'ion (h«.ule,heyh.veno'ev.nencoumer.dd."h). .reI • .,ning'o,he full wh .. i,i.fo"h.n.. h'0 beu.mp"dfrom.llhumili"ion.and aUlo$l • • nd.1I injury . ndall di'gr~ce. Th.y have be.n rr.nsl".dfrom,hi.wo,ld.ndfromrhisvery caule ..e .l re.dycandid .... for tvtrl ..,inglife." Towh~tf.i,hdo,h ... no"bl •••• n"btarwi, n.... ifno, to that which ough"o in.pire in u.

JONA H

,h.belief,h",h·y"·proofs~nddocumen"of

our own fu,ure.ndourcompleted re,urr.nionl Toborrow!h •• po.tl.·.ph ..... ,h... "'tre "fig ures of ou"elve,:"They.re wri".n ,h" w. m.y btliev. ,hat ,h. Lordi'more p"werful ,h.n.1I n.,urall.ws .bou, ,h. body. 0 .. T". Rasu~~I<;' T'"NO'THS hUH sS!' SWALLOW S D nuT NOT DaSTRouD. GU
PUTT 'NGTRUST I NC" ~ '8TALON •• PAUL'NUS o,NoLA:Hopingforsalv.rionbyhum.nre· sou,c•• isnonlva,ion.focmorf.lme.n.willno, 1'O\I,d... h.So,hokWholiv.in.,imeof.nxi"y .oould be.nxiou. '0 P"Y '0 ,he Lord ofh.. ven, whoJi.ptns....dn ... orgladn .... ndwho.lon. by hi.tunscend.n,.way<:>n.n.ure,h",roubl" .re "mov~d .nd h.ppy ,im<1 t<Stored .... Th. powerofp"y.r<.nd th. h"ling.mc:acy of ,ea .. In ,h. prcknc.ofGod Our F"h~r i. ,h~ Ie •• on we mu .. I... nfromNin.v.h ....dbyiugrief.... SO ,h.f.i,h,h"rtliuonGodshouIJ,,,.ng,h.n I"nicking h...... and irstruSt in God should in rimt.,{.orrow.n,icip".untroublcdd.y •. F<>r l.. rofGod.n.uruf,..domfromf.... wh .....

o.NAZ'ANZlIS:Hencehei...mpt .... oss"d .• nd f.II,.sleep, .ndi.wrecked,.nd arousedfrom .Ieep. • nd "ken by lo, .• ndconf....s hi. nigh', .ndi.ras'in'o'h...... nd.w.llow.dbu'no,d. .. roy.J by ,h. wh.le. IN D ..... sao.H ,s hIC .. T TO PONTUS.ORATlON 1.'09." WO R KO . GO D , NoTO P STA RS . AM.ROSti, !r

w .. not,h.influ.n"ofhi.n".I"~rbu"h.of.

f.nse of h.ving n.glected ,h.divin. prophecy ,h .. c... jon.h inro ,h.... , A ",hal. "ce;v.d him .nd.f,,,, h,,.d.ys vomited him fonh.aoa.ym bolof. fu,uremY"''Y•• ndpre.er"ed him for ,h. .... iceofprophecy.SrxDAVsO.CkeAH"S 4 ,4.'),"

'heon.whodoe.no,f<'1rGod~lon.i.righ'to

feucvery,hing.Thosewhoh,,·.noconfid.ncein Chri .... beartrofsa!vationmusrpu"h.irlru.. 'nltgion •. PO.M,6. D 2:IOJo~~" PI/t Oul ~"t~ Dry L~nd

139

"FC6~ 1(6~lUO< )_ "0",6,]8. "O.n 3-.24. "lCh"",l~'2 "csnw_ u.. CWotO.:/SJ". "Gm ~ :N ~~.2:". ",c...,~ -"NFH'J'·, ''NPN'l702l1;·. ~FC

oneim"gine.iti.impo.. ible,h"'pcople.hould ourvi •• for,!"chaleng,hoftirne,.nd,h",Elij.h w.. no,c.ugh,up in ,he f1 .. h bu, ,ha, A'$h wa$
and swallowed down in'o ,he whale's belly. Was by,hecommandofGodag.in,hrownou'nfe upon the land. A<;A,,,sT H .... ".s s.s.,."

3: 1-4 jONAH'S PREACH I NG OF REPENTANCE

'Then thc wora of Ihe LORD (am< to jonah rh< lC(ond lime, l~ying. '"Ariu, go to Nin
A.J<>nah wen, from ohip ro wh.I •. so Christ f,om tre. '0 ,he tomb. AsJon.h·s prophecyw •• no,fulfilledun,il.ftc,hi.ordcal. so ,h. m....g. '0 the G.ntil .. did no, ",k•• until.f,cr ,h. re.urr.ction (AVGVST'NS). \V•• re called '0 repcm whil. w. have time (CA"SA.'uS). God'.d.crccr.gording ..lv.,ionorpunishm.n, li",in,h.re'pon .. of,hehear... ".towh",God will do or no, do (O. 'G ""). Gox! allow. time for ,he Nin.vitc. '0 repcn' (CH.YSOSTO.,). OVE ... I BW,

w.n,

ff."

,hipin,o,h.b.llyofthewh.I•. 'soCh,istw.n, f,om,hctre.into,he,omb.orin,o,h •• by.. of d... h.And •• Jon.hw ....crificcdfor,ho... n· dangcredby ,h. storm, SO Chri"wuojf«ed for tnos. who ... dtowning in ,h. stOrm of ,hi. world. And •• Jonah w•• first commanded '0 prcach ,o,h. Nine.i,u'bu,hi$prophccydidno,
3:4 Ti"'t 10 R. pt nt P .. OPH BC .... O GB NT I US l'K S PROPH .C "TO

N' NB v..... Aum'sT".a:\Vhy,th.n .... w••• ked wh.,w •• pr.figur
,h.

R ..... TW"' U IT Is P0 S81BL5.CA"SA"WSOF Au"s:W•• hould no,de.pair of ,ho.. who ... "ill unwilling '0 co,,<i,w ••• bl.,o be conv....d.pray,bewail.nd meri,mercy from

; I h,

Ih
:;~'~~~"~:n~~~::':~:n~~~:O'~ :O·:~~~. .J.""'.ndm.n•. S ..... o .. 'JJ.J.·

"".. IT,,'II; Got> D ~c. ' ''n. O.'GIiN' Doe. God I••• iondc", •••• ndUY'
for"", ..

·Y.,

,h.,

city: " H .... on,«I.o put }onal! To .h.me by Knd· ,nghim.o,heg",.. cuyofNm ••• h,b«,ul.h • fo,...... ,h. prophcf••SC'p<.Howe.cr. 1« u•• I,o It ... nro,hep,uchtng' "Ye' rh ... d'y.,.ndNin· neh ,hall be over,hrown: Why do you. God . fo""ell ,h.suff."ngs rh .. you w,lI ,nn,c, upon Nin.~hl"So,h.,I .. illnotdowh .. l.n· nounud:Th"" why God .hruren«l woth h.lI-so h. would no. lead .nyone a.... y '0 hd!. H ...y" "F... rh.r which i• •poken toyou,.nd do no, be ..d
GoD ALLOWS T , .. . 1'011; R ..... TA .. C •• CH.Y·

HO.IlU.sOHR,p,HnNCIA".,Au'$(l.V'N"

ooS!"o", If you w.n,.I
s....'

3,5·10 T HE N1NEV 1TES REPENT

A~d lb. p.oplt of N'lftv,b ".ri.vrd God; Ibq p"K/aim,d a fall. and pWI on l~ckrlOlb, from tb. t"aWI of Ib.m 10 lb. lUll of Ibtm 'Tb.1f lidilfgl rta,b.d Ibt king of Nintvtb, ~lfd b. arOI. from bil rtmovtd hil rob •• and IO .... d bimltlf will, Jarkdolb. ond lal in Dlbn. 'II nd b. mad. P'Odamalion ~nd p.blilbtd tbro~lb Nin.veb, "SJ Ib, .It"" of lb. k,nt Dnd bil nobl", Ltl If.i,b", man no, bUll. brrd nor ~k. IDllt oIfJI"ing; Ib.m "01 fwl, or d""k ...Olt" '''~I mon and btDII bt cov.rtll ,.,ilb latkdolb. and I Ib.m tr] migblilJ 10 God; J'4. lrt tVtry on. lu,n from bil nil ...a] and from lb. "ol'nf. ,.,hi,h il in bil bandl. 'Who knowl. God maJ J.I .. ptnl and lurn from bilfitru alfla,lO Ib.IWtptrilhnol!"

,".ont,

't

,.1

1.,

" Wbtn God laW wbal Ih'J did, how lb.] I.r".d from Ib.ir tvil ...aJ' God "p."ltd of lb •• vil .hj,bb.bodIDidb,,.,olllddololb.m;4 If db.d,d noldoil. 14/

MIC A H

Ov •• " .. w, Mk.h (H.b '",k.... n.bb •• v;.tion of mun'ng ·who " hkt Yahwth·)" pvcnthc .. x.h placcamong.he.welvc. Mo .. ocho!... divitk.h.bookin.o.h",.m.JnuCI;on,. InM'fu.I:I-):I2,rh.f""u. "onth.,mp"nd· ,nSJ"dgmcn, of God coupled with a .. ".",c.n..... ofjud.h .. kad"... AtMicah4:I-S:IS •• h. IOfICch.ng.. ro.po."' •• m....g.of.h .....o.a. llOIIofZion.M,cah5:1 i'quo.lOdbyM ... h.w,n M.... he ... 2.'6 u fulfill.d in Ch",,'. birth ,n Bcth· Ichem.E •• n.o.,nM,c.h6:1_7:2{l.thccas.i. .....t••g;un.. lsr..lbrGodfo.th."infid.lityto thcco«n.n •. hcnd.,ho ...~ ...,w"h.pnr.. fo. thtt. , • .,o .."on.nd. prodama,ion of God'. _U·l~~ii.

-
n.ewo.kild.,ed,nther.ign.of)otham. Ahu and Hucki.h (7SO-687 B.C.). Th •• botnce ..... y ... ttr.nce'n.h... ignofJoth.ml..dllOm. 'n.. rpr ......oqu..tionth.rcgalchmnologir.1 Iorogc."y of .he pmphK .... Some "hol.., ngu. dIa,.h.ci.ymenfloncd,nMoc.h6:9.16i •• i.hcr jc'tlS.lcmo.s"m •• i•. F.... hcrmo ... themili •• ty
M".h .he pruphC! ... ms to h."e
OVBllv ' Bw, Grego'yofN.. ionzu. pleod. for Ch,i.,ion •• ? imiu.e .h~ '.pentane< of Nineveh .ndavoid ,he obduracy of Sod om (GREGORYOF N"Z'''N'Ws).T, uefaor;ngisenjointh of God . Nin · evehfreedit>elffromdea.h,hroughptni«n, f ... ing(AMakOiSl).Theefficacyoffaoring.nd repenunce i. remukable in pUlling owoy even innumerablesin,(CHllrsosroM).Thef.",har the Ninevil<' quickly.cceptedJonah·. p«oching .ndhi.in"cuClionhighlighu,he.eriou.nessof ,h.ir repenunce (TH.o1)()U). The king of the Ninevir.. i.heldupas.nenmpleof«ptn. ,ance,which ... ulred in ,he salv.,ion of,he whole
inul.wereincludedin.hc.otal f.$,.God.ptaks awarning.hrough c...dysmiceven., (CNRY sosro .. }. ThesparingofNinevehwao'«fI.in mercy (AUGUSTlN.),bu, ,h. ultim •• eoufCome i. uncerr.in (J"IlOM.). The Ninevite. had no pr.viou.e~ptrienc.ofGod·.m"cy(CHRYsos,

roM). Due '0 ,heirpr.y« of rept'Har"e , hey are .n e.ampleof'he eff«.ivene., of pr.y.r (Cl.,.'ENToFRo... ). lnju.. ,hreed.y•• llof.he m.nysin.ofNinev.hw«eleftb.hind. God 'p.red.heNinevi.uno,bec.uscoff."ing only. l.w •• ,hcirfa"ingalongwirh.b... ining from evi l th" ,urned God '. wra,h back (CHRY_ sosroM).Th. forgi,·en • ., of God ,he Father toward.heNinevi ... impli,itlyinclud.dChri... sinceh. h.. been wi,h ,he Fathcr in all "erni.y (TRRTULlIAN). }:5Th.N'd.V;le,Believe N' NHVH " A.. " 5000.. CONTIlASTOD. Gk~"o.Y O,NAZ, .. NZU5,Let u. sow in «.rS .•o,h., w. m.y,eapinjoy.'Letu.showou .. elvcsptopleof Ninevrh. no. ofSodom.' L.. ~s amend our wick· edne.,. lest",eb-econ.um.dwithir.Le,u.lisren .0 ,he preachingofJon.h. le.. wcb-e Over· ",helm.d by fire and brim.,on<. And if we h.ve dep.,,
rise •. Le.u.nOl.uyin.lI.hcplain.Leru.no. look around us. leSl we b-e fro2
..

'

TH. EH'CACY OP FASY'N". CHRYSOSTO .. , Do you see howv.xed God i. when furingi. rreated de.pilCfully' Learn howdclightcd he i. when fu,· ingi.honored.\Vh.nEvew.. m.l"....d.· h.'n_ n,clCdde.. h ... ~n.hyupon.hein.ol.nr individu. l.Hercvokeddeathwhen.hcw.. hon· or<donee ' gain.' De.iring ro ,how you.he power of,h's ,hingofimpo... nce.hegaveh.rauthori.y over,he .. ntence .•flC,rhe ...e... . o.n.,eh.he pri.on.rsfrom,hemiddleof,h.jou,neyand change.heircou,.. ,ow.rd life. And hedid ,hi, no,onlyfor,woor.h ..eorrwen'yptoplebu,.!'o for.wholepopulation.in.hecoseofth.gre ... nd marveiou.ci'yof,heNin
'Gm 1.1. ·M,)102I'Mk9-.19qv:Th;, ..... ~_

.. ""mn.oId.u ......... ,;p,bo.oo"' ... ....... VKbL .. """.,.,..... 'FCl607l'J(e.n.d.mn.l.nm-42~ 'Br""""'J'<"I.'"ByMo.,.."fC~

JO~AH3;S"O

lS'.....JGT'o "'. THMDOUO.MoPs".sT,A Thtrrouldnoverhavebeli.vedinGodon,heba. ,i,ofd,i ... muk.lone, from. complttely un· knoWn fortLgntr 'hrtar
M<E U "PLE OPLU OB MS H'P. AUCUST'''.'A Godon.w.y .... m.n,.nother

ing rcligious. did no,l ... e hi. empire bu, eh.ng.d it. Before h. h~ld. pnnudom of miliury disci. pline.No... h.ob,ained.pr;ncedom;nhuv.nly disciplin ... CO .... ~"TUYONjoNA' .. "

LilT M~N AND BUST RU SN.... CH.noSTo..,· Rec.ll ,hat D.ni.l.p .... ionatem.n ,hough he w •••• p"ntm.nyd.y. f..,ing.H.rec.;v.d .. ,ec· ompenk . n . we.ome vi.ion.o that he umed the fury of,hc lion •• nd ,,,,ned ,h.m in'o ,h. mild." of.hcep.no,bych.nging,h.irn.mrebu,bydi· ver,ing,h.irpurpo •• wi,houtlossof,h.irferoci· 'y. Th. Ninevi,.. '00 m.d. u.e of the remedy of f• .,ingand won from ,hc Lord. rtprir ••. Ani. mals as w.ll as hum.n being. wer. induded in ,h. fu,. $
'.7."

~r
w.y ... king.He.crv.shim •• m. nbyliving.c· c",ding to f.i,h. H"trvc. him .. king by nec' ing,hrnecc.ury.treng,h,oun"ionlaw.,hat comm.ndgoodnc .. andprohibi,i"oppo.ire.h "'.. ,hu. 'hat Ez.kieI •• r.cd him byd • .,roying th. grovu and ttmples ofidol •• nd the high plac· "th"h.db•• n<e,upcon"''Y,o,h.comm.nd· menuofGod." Thu.jo.i.h ,trv
3,7 Tht Kjng's Ore". THB W, n K' NG. MAx,,,,,s OF TU~'N: Th. king
queI'd God. ho ..."ver. by humili,y. He i,. wi .. lJngwho.ino,derto •• v
10"".

143

AN Q u O..... " .. 'TV TO R.p.N .... C"~YSOSTO .. Con,ider.ifGodh.dcho.en,odemoli,hevery. ,hing[in.tccen' ...,hqu.k.j.wharw.... ould hove.ufl'...d.l .. ythi •.• o,hatthef• .,of,he•• ..·.nrsm.y rtmain.harpin you and m.y k.ep cv· tryone'sttsolu,ionftrm.H •• hooku •. bu,hedid no,d."royw. [f h.h.dwi,h.d,od."royu •• h. would no, h.v•• hak.n u•. Bu,.in« he did no, wi.h,od."royu •• ,h••• "hqu.k.cam.in.d· v. ncelike . h.rald.forew. rninge.eryoneof,he .ngerofGod.inorder tharwemigh,beimpl'oyed byf.... ndprev.ntth •• Clu.lretrib u,;on H.h •• done,h i,lJ04.lO. ''NPNFl ._,''PMPC''I16.''fC7U~15·.''Jonl'''LXX.

I ..... et my ,mpcnd,ngJudgm.n •• I•• my _rd go 'nad •• ncc.ndprtqn.myacung:rc , .hrud..>, •• .ndN, ... v.h.h.n~ov •• rhrown.Thcn.h. p"'ph... poJr •. Tod'y,h.scw.n"pc.k.l",y ,hi ••• ndtdono,u'$<:uy,nait.bo,h.o,hepDO< . nd '0 ,h. rich,consider how g'''' i.God·•• n· g... Conlldcrhowsimpl.hi ...quirem.nr:I •• u. .b.... nf.om •• ill !n .b.i.fmom.n.of.im.h. oh.II...d themmd.nd rcsoIuuon of ca<:h one of us.H •• h.ooIt.h.found...,on."fourh ...... Ho... LluoHLAz.uusANoTHaR,c"MAHII."

1:10 Cod Sail' N;"ucb 'l Rc,.".anrcand S,ar.dTJ.n, T Ha Nu".lT u RU ."T.A UGUSTI"': In un· ce".,n'y,h'yrepcn,td:rndobuincdcett.,nm.:i. '1u... ,onlng with"Z.nc•. Thu. [,h. ou,com. of) ,h.,.,.pcnt.ncei'l.ftunc....in.,h.,bc ,ng doub,fulof,h.ir .. Zv.,ion .• h.ym.yrcpcn.morc .eh.menrly.ndknow.h.m.rcy.p.,i.",.and comp.nion of God ••• n more. Co .......... u 0 .. JO" AH 4.'.TH . TH •• n o. D. ATH Wu THa PA ..... TO. L, ••. CHUSOSTO": Th.y do no. know rh. ,nue. • ndy" 'hq do no, n.gl."
..ad.h.proph ... orh...d,h.p.""n:h •• or~n· efi,cdbycounscl.orpanmnofonlrrucnon.no, .... d, ... ypcrlu.dcd.h.m..lqlth.. ,h.y lhould at'ogcrh .. propifl"e God by rtpcnunco. Forth • ,hrtatdidno,conuinthi•. Butth.ydoub,ed.nd h..i, ...d.bou"hi •.• ndY
~ of good ,hu< a••o Go,,", Ioq for human,'Y, and ha..., many "me. rue,ved pledgu ofh .. <are, .ndh .... h.ud,h'propl!etJandapo"k •• • nd h... ~.n'nllru(,.dbyth ..... n.. ,h.m.. I..... and)T,)'Oudono,."i ... ,o>t,.,nth.Jam.m.. . sur. of virtu ••• ,h'y!Gre."h.n w." ,he vi"u, ,ooof,h."pcopl.,bu.muchg",.,uwat,h.lo•. ingk ,ndn.lIofGod .... Th •• f..,w•• ,h.p..u, "fJaI•• uon: , ....hru' ",mo•• d t"'pc"I:.h...n. of o•• "hrow ,u)Td ,h. ov."hr(lw. Now .h.yh.qanew.nd ........ marqlou .... ue!Thc .. n.. nc•• h...... n'ngd ...hw...h.p.rcntofl,f•. . . Wat Nin.v.h d• .,royc-d!Qui •• ,hccont.. ry. 1•• rosc.ndb«.m.mo.eglo.iou •.• nd.JI,his,n· tc,v.ning dm. h•• not.ff.ccd iuglory.And_ .11 Y""Ieb,u.i •• nd ........ I .. i•. th.,.ub.. · qutndyi,hub«om.amo •• uuharbo.toln who .. n...... allow'ng.h.m'o.'nk,n.od.. p.aor bu.caU,ng.Ulo"'pcnuncc.bo.hbywh •• "dod .ndb,wh""gaintdfromth'prov,d.nc.of God.pc .. uadinau .... vtr.odelp.aorofou. "'l•• · tion. HO .. ,UIICONCUN'''''THaSTATuu s.s·

,,,,a

11."

L ...... ' .... ..oMN, ... v.HA.oUTP.A .... . CL...... T O . Ro ..., Th... rhina". dearly b.olo..d. w.... wming. ..... onZy'o .... rnyoubu •• llOto .. mlndour.. I"""forw.... ,n'M "'m.... n•• • ndth.nm.con .... li•• bcforcu •. For,hll ...· IO n l.. tulabandonemp.y.ndSlllyconccrn •• nd com •• o,h.glorious.nd holy rule ofour "adi • ,;on.Lctu.... wh"'.good.ndpl...ing anda<· upublcin.hc.iah,ofourM.k ••. LCfulfixou r gaze on th. blood of Ch.,., and ruh:. how p'" Clou.u,".ohi.F.. he<..... ingth.t"w.. p"""d ou.foroursal.aflonandbrotlgh"h'graccof con...,,,,on 'o ....... hol.world. Lc,u.looltback over.lI,hegcntr..ion •• ndkarn,hatfroml"n· ... "on'ogcn.... ion.h.Lordh •• g... n.nop· portunityof"pcn,ancc" to.lIwho would,ctu,n '0 him. Noah p".ch.dpcn.ncc.... nd.ho.<: who

-owP.'

"w$A)''''l!1'.''Ul.~I1. -WPNFltJ1T·

11"""woolUIr."G..7: ..... 'H.

,h•• x« .. of,he,.wick.dn.... N•••"htl.... wi.hin ,hrecday•• heywt,cc.pabl.ofbeing , .. n.fo,m.d to ...... of campi... upTlgh.n .... Ho.. 'UUCON(;UNINGTH.STATUII,O,.'.'"

~""" 'H ' ElIAM. U OP R. .. NTANCI. CHU' )OSTaM,AndthattheHward...ena,a.ain boa"lh. ll~modem"nir~",ayoufor 'hlng.

"'" ha« alr.ady happen.d. \VI,.. cauld ~ mol'<' Ihan th.< Nintyuul Wh.t rnOK d• ..."d 01 _",.ndlng!y."n •• ~rthel",.,hCleb.rha". .... foo/,sh peopl •. wha had nalytrhurd.nyon. ,tachlng ,hem wiodam. whahad nev., ,ece,«d I.,hp,ecopl$froma,h.... whentheyhu,dlht

"""Id

~t~':::~:~~~:~.~;:~~a:~~:~r~;~:~~ do,..

Iho whak of Ihei. nil nmaml. The fa,n,' ..",b«.mtchu,.;th.boldmanm.ek;lh. rUPlngandu,oman ... mod ...,.andkind;.he dothfulindu .. riou •. Th.ydldna'.indecd ••• · form onear ,waa, th ..e a, (aurvlCe. by way of .. m.dy.bu,th.whaloaf.hciriniqui,y.But """'re dot. Ih".ppear,layl I
T .. " N, ,."" ,TU AUT"'N FIlO .. EVIL.CHU_ sosTo .. ,Th.y.ppI"dfullng,olh."woundJ. y"•. ,h.y ••enapph.d.x.rem.fas"ng_lying proltr... on.h.g.ound.puftingonsackdo,h"nd ..hu, "nd larnonu,ionJ. More impo"antly. they ChOH a ch.ng< ofhf•. Le, u. ,h.n I « which of ,h... ,hings mad. tbtm whok.And how shall .... know?lfwecoIM,o.hcphy.>CIan.lfw....k.f_ terhim .. rnndy. he will n'H h,d. "frorn u.but wiUeve n eag.rlydi.do •• i. , R"h.., In ordu ,h .. noon. may beignor.n , o.h... no.d 'o .. k.hc hueven ..,downinwri.ing.h.m.dlcinctha, r..,orCl"nno... ''''n .. ,h"f "God:h. ,,"d, -..... ,h ... hcy,urn.de«ryonefrornh .. .v,lway,andh."pemedol,h•• vil,h.th.said h< would do un.o.htm:H.did no, •• y.imply th .. h.oa... ,h.irfalli ngandoa,kclo,hand .. ht" bU' lh..,beh •• ,o •. Jsay, hi.no'I0'l"""onf.., . Ing{Godforbld!)buc .ouhor.you.hat ...."h f...ingyoudo.h.. "'hlChi.bcttc.,hanf.... ing, ,h. ab.,.,n,ng from .ll .... ~. Ho."uu ON .. COR' I,.TH'AN'4.6.""

Wh.,

N' NBV ' TUFo .. GIVBN UT" . f ..TH. .... NIJ TH. SON. TUTIJLUAN: Now"f[fo'g, •• n'''of "nh.dnol)becn~d ....dofChri ... llhould find,n.heC.u,or.nmplClofl""hbenign"yu wouldholdou,.om.,h"pron"oeofllmll",af· f.c.ion."ll
....'.n......

~M'l~l. "FCldS'. "»oJ"UOC "}oo1<2u<x.

-."NPSFILl<2')9."ANFklW'

"NPNFI

4:1·11 THE AMBIVALENCE OF JONAH

' B~I il dJlprtaltd)o,,~b t"fudillg'J' ""cl bt w~, ,,~,rJ.'A~d b. pT.J.d 10 I~ LORD alld la,d, ' / praJ tbu, Lo~o, i, "ot ,hi, wba, Ilaicl wb." I w., Jt' i" mJ fOW"tTJ! TbM ;, wby , madt ba"t to flu 10 T .. r,bi,b; for I kntw Ib", tbou 0 g'M;O~' God ,,"d mtreiful, dow to .. ",tT, a~d .bounding in J1Udf"'1 lovt, And Ttp'llltJr of tvil. 'Tbtrtfort now, 0 LORD, t"it my lift from mt. I bt,tub Ibft. fo r il i. bmtT fOT 10 d,t rhAn '0 livt:'A"d ,bt LORD ,aid, ' Do JOw do wdl 10 &. ""gry!' ' Tbtnjo,,~b wt"t OUI oflht "IJ and ,"1'0 ,h. ull oftb. citJ' .. nd mad. ~ bootb for hi", · ,tiffbut. Ht, .. , .. "dt.;,in ,b.,j,.. d•. tiUbt,bouldlttwborwowldbtcomtoffb.c;ly . • And lb. LOAD God "ppoi"ltd " pJ.M,' ""d m"dt ;, COmt wp ova jo""b, ,b .. , " migbl H. ,b.d. OVtr bi, bud. 10 ,.vt bim fTom hi, d;"omfo". So jo"ab w", Uft,di"g'J gl"d bU"w,t of lb. plant.' ' Bul wb.n d"wn ,amt "p Ibt IIt"l d"y, God .. ppo;nud" wo.m wbi,b "t/ .. ,k.d lb. pl""I,1 ,olbAlir""r~.td.·Wbtn,Itt'Nnro. t,Godoppoillr.d.,urIT] •• st ... ind.alld,btIKn · bu,upon rhth.odofJon .. b.orh.lh .....,f.. i"'; .. "db .... k.dlh,,lbtmigbtdit ,,,"d •• id, "/ri.btlltrfo.mt 10 di. Ibo" 10 livt. ·'Swl God ,,,id lojo".b, "Do yow do WtU 10 bt ."gryfor lb. pl."I?" And b. ,,,id."' do ,.0.11 It> b.""g'J.AngTJtllougb 10 dit: ,oAnd rb. LORD ,,,id, 'You pil] Ibt plul.lfo. wbl
.rr

m.

,I."" ... ,

OV.RV1 ~W' Jo".h ,u'~CI.d from .h. b
V,".'.

,nn<><.n.m.ruGod·.g",,",u.m.rcy(S"'~VI"'H).

Th. Ninevi.u ••• ,ompar.d wi.h child,.n who

146

,.nno.di"ingui.hb
JOH AH '. F,., T THO""HT. CH.V"""TO.. ' Af.cr Mf""xhcdIn ,hcmid.. ofN,"...h.hcwcn.ou, of,h.,ityinord.rtoob•• rv.ifany.hing.hould h.p~n.Wh.nh.uwthat.hr«d.y.h.dp' ... d .ndnothingh.dh.pp<"n.d.nywh........... h•• wum..., ...".d,hc,b
JONAH4 0""

----------------------------------~~~

f~~~~~,::~t~:~~:;::::~.,B:~U;o~a~~:~~;: kiIlgdom.topluckup. and,royit;,fthun ....,n.concern,ngwhatI h.ve

~:', t~:~:~~t :~e~hnf.lsely; l>ut hi. sorrow was pro".d to hf: ill found.d. sin.::e ",would u,her speak tru,h and havea.::oundeu ",ulti,ud'peri.h,h.n'pe.kf.I..,lyandh.ve th<m u •• d.AGAtNSTTHEPElAGIANS). ' 4:;·7Jon~hSiuO"lSjJrth.City JONAHE~p ~c·"'''T I< . D as'''',uC''''ONQ ..

NIN' ,n K. Cn.," OF AlOXANOIUA: The d.y. hf:ing 0001 pan. afte, which i, was ,ime ,hu ,he ,h ing. IO",oldshouldbe >
TR. SAUAT'ON OF THB G RNT 'U8 GBUT • • TUN ]O NA II 'S SIt ADB. AUGUST'''"' Bu, wh.n Jon.hmadehim ..lf.booth.nd .. tdownoppo' ~t< ,h~ city o( Ninev.b, w.. iting to ,u wbat .,.,lIdhf:f.lli,.,h.prophtlpl.ytpl.cfl.ud.fl>rh.w....dover,he p.... 'v•• ''''nof,h. Ninevi,e.! He wa. fru.".... d ov .. ,h.

.. d.mprlonand .. lv.tionof,h.Gentil.. !Thi. is whyChrist
Tit . l USON OF D, vtNB M~."y. TH£OOOUT o. Cn: Wben h. admi".d ,a feding ,hi s w. y.o Iheut.nt ofpref.rringdeath '0 lif. on ,hi , ,,.
4:11 GoJ'.Pily!orNi" cveh ,.. 1$a-l. 'NPNf lM7S', 'PM PC"'/ J·.

rw.tO, L'FC IM7P'·' 'l'(; B"17
'U;~Jl-

'CoIN7

foc us MORII ON Rall aMPT lo N TH .. N) Il DG . MBN T. AMuosa:Tht next d.y ,ht book ofJon.h w•• re.daccordingrocu .. om.andwhenitw.s fini.hed lbtg.nthi•• tstntenctwosmournful.hegrewsadwhm the vine withered.God •• id to the propher. "Are you •• dovc<,h •• ine'"Jon.h.n,w.red. "I.m ud ."Th. Lord uid th .. ifh.waogrievingbe·
'"

And.liulel.ter. "Should Inot.p..e Ninevch. ,hegrt.. ci,y.inwhich.here ..emo.. th.n 120.000ptrsnn•. whnknow nn. their left h.nd from their right hnd," He ,he.. by dedar.. d th.t btcauscofth
CAR ... G H'1l Tll ou U...nu TO Dt SC.RN GOO D FROM EVJL. JuoMa:W.,e.dofElithe prie" ,h., he bec.me disple •• ing '0 God on.c· coun,of,h... in, of hi. children." And w•• re told th .. a man m.y no,b< m"de "bishop if his sons ..e looseanddi.ordtrly."J,iswri".n of the wom.nth .. "sh.shaUbtu.edinchildbt"ring.if shecon,inuesinf.ith .:lndcharity.ndho!in••• wi,hch.sti,y:"lf,hcnparnno'y., di"ingui ,h good (ram.vil!lnTu.a7.6."

'KlII<JU·. "Kl0247". "'SamI -4. "lr."l.2·s. "lr.. ~,s. '"l.CCSoJJ7.Ja.

]6 PROPHECY OF WEEPING AND MOURNING

'Thr w~rd ~j Ihr LORD Ih~1 (amr 10 },iieab oj Morrshrrh in Ihr .lap oj)olham. Abat. ana Hrukiah. king' oj)~aah. wbirb br ,aWeD,,· errni"gSamariaand)rr".alun. 'Hur. JD~ proplr •. all Dj JQ~:

hruhn.Orarrh.udaUlbaliJi"il; and It I IhrLord GOD' ~t 4 wilntJJ againJI JOu. IhrLDraj,omhiJh~IJlrmplr.

IForbchold.lbrLOIlOiJ(omingjo.rbouloj bilplart. and wi/1 romr down anJ rrudup01l Ihr bigh plaw ojlbrtarlh. '11 ".1 Ibc mo~nl~i"J will mcll una" him a"dlbe vallrJJwillbrdrfl. I,hwubtjorrtbcfirr. lihwaler.pouwIJow"aJlftpplau. 'Ali Ibi,i.jo, lb. ""n.grrJj'01lDj)",ob ""djor Ihr Ji"J ojllnhouu ojiJ,ael. Wllari,lbc lra"Jgrwio"oj)",ob' " itnorSamaria!

AnJwhatiJlbrJinOflhthou"'oj)udab? IJ il nOI)eruJalcm? ' Tbtrtjorr I will makrSamacia a hr"p in rbcopuco""I'J. "plaujorp!a"'i"g~i"qQrd,:

ud I wi/l pon down hr.JlonrJ inlalht valltJ. and unravrr hrrjcundalion,. ' lIf1htrirnagtJJhaUbrbraltnlopirru. a!lbrrhirnlhallbrburntd",ilhfirr. uJ all IIerido" I willlaJ ",asrt; jorjromlhthirrojah"r1oIJlltgolhtrrd

1SO

Ihcm. ondlorhthirrof"ha.lollhqlhall

'Fo'lbi,lw,III"",rnl"nd",ai/: [wil/goJlripptJudnaktd: IwillmahlamtnrotionliktlhtjarkaIJ. and mourning lih IhroJlrirhtl. ' Forbtrwound1i,in,urablt: andilhalcomrlojudab.

IIb",rrorhtdIOlhtgalrojmJptoplt. lojt,u,o!tm. '"Ttll il not in Ga/h. w"pnotataU; in Brtb.ltapb.ah roUJour,,'vtJ in rbrauJl. " POJl 0" Jour wOJ. inj,obilonllojSbapbi,. i"""JmlntJ,udlhamt: Ibt;"babi/anlJojZoa"a" donolromtjo,tb; thtwaili"gojBtth.tul ,halllaktowoJjromJouilJJlondingplort "For lb. inbabilon"ojMa,olh wailanxio"'/Jjorgood. brr""It.vilbal,o""JownjromrhtLollp IOlb'g"ltojjrru,olrm. UH,,'IItJllbtslt.dJlothtchariolJ. i"h"bil~nll ojLa(bilh: JOW ",Ht' I~t btginning Dj li" 10 Ih. d~wg~ltr ojZion. jorinJo" ", ... jound Ibt Ira",grtJlio~, ojl"a.1. "T"trtjortJo .. shollg,vtpll","ggifll

loMorflbtlb.g~,b;

1&"1110,,,(

IN /xI..s(1 of Albtib .&~II br ~ durilfwl,bi~g 10 Ibfki~gl ofilr~d. UI ",il/ ~ga,~ bring a (onqutro, wpon 'ow.

,nhabiranliofMMtlhah: rbtg1or]ofilrad

()....v. ~w. M,c.h mun. ·one who il (rom GocI:Thllin.",n"'pref1guredJelu.,heSonof Gc.d . ... ho recei v.d all thing. from God the Fa· th«(A,,~O;OSI).J .. u.· .. a' .m.n/Jabou'pr...:n· '""'" from God wrr< fore,old by Minh ... h.n he wkod.bou, ,hecomingofth. MeJli.h(OIll· ler ·"""ingdown:Th..... t.. i.f,om th. " ... of !"r..!i"'(PACHO>
1: 1 God', Wo," Comu to Milah r .. a Nu .. M, c ..... A",,,o$.: Mi ... h mun. ·on. who '. from God: or. u w. find eI"'wh .... -........ ho ... h. JQn or.he Mor.,hue:,. other __d."",of.heherr.\VhoLl.hchcrrbUllhc SonofGod.whouy •. ·A.ll,h,ng.hav"oonde· 1nv•• dromebythcF•• he':'who.bo,ng.h.h .... • ioh,dulloboco·h." •. I'Llwell,ouk, '\Vho i.h,,! · Her.nolon.o( .hepeoplebulon.choscn 'orec.ive ,h. graccofGod .• hrough whom the HoI)"Sprrir ,~.kJ.Hebeg.ntoprophny'nth"

doys ofjolh .. ,.". Ahaz.nd H.uk .. h. lungl of Judoh.Bythllord.. ,h.progrcuofrh.vn.onll ",,",fird.f""ilgoCJ(rom.he"melol,,~.lkrnv

fO.ho", ol.h. good king. llTTU.S. '

ISI

10Adwll~",.

'·Abk(]OwrJt!~ubald,,~dl"loffJow, h~i,.

forthtrhi!d,rnof]ou,driighr: makt]aw'lt!vtlalba!dalthrtaglt. fa'lht],hallgof,am]a" inlot."'i!t.

HOW C HR ' .T P lloeUD'No.RO"'TlI . F~TIIR.

IS P ... F' GUR .. Il. OIl.G.",:Nowle'ulallocon· .id.. J•• u'· ...' em.nl.·lh.. vepr...:ud.d.nd come from God:' It ..,.,m. u",ful '0 me 10 JUx,,· pM<: .hesc words ,he follo"",ng wordl from MlCm:-Hcarmy ... ord •• you!"'""pI .... ndk"he .... lh .. nd.llwho.r<'n;.p.y.llcntLon;.nd,h • Lo,d.hallbo.mongyoufo,.wilneu.• h.Lord rrom h,.holy hou",. Ther.ror. bohold •• h. lord procecd.fro,."hi'pl.ce.nd ... illcomcdo ... n.nd tr<.d upon ,h. high place. of,he"",,h .• nd.hc moun,a,n.willb..h.kenund.. h;m,.ndth.v.l_ lcysw,lIbod,JJO!vcdlike ......... bofor.f1r< .. ndhke ........ tumbhngdown in. walerfall: Now cons,d· erwhr.her,h."....... n•• ·lhaveprocudedfrom God:,,«]u,v.lenl.o.he ..... men •• ·T1w:Lord proc.ed.fromhi'pl"e:l;nce.when,heSon .. In the Father,bcing in thefurm of God bcf" .. h. .mp.ie,him.clf.·Godi.hi$pt"., .. it w ...... Unl ... )'Ou unde .... nd Ih".he Son .. in ,h. F•• .herin .. d,ff... n,w'y,hanhewuboforehepro· cuded from God. 11 wm",.m contrad,ctory .h.. hehubo.hp,oc:e«ledfromGod •• nd,aflerhe hu pnx.td.d from God ... nill.n God. Co .. -

.0

... ",nll"'O"'TH I GOSPRlO.JOHN lO.ISl-S6.' THM D uelNT o. C H""'" h'C~ .N~T' P • • -

.'GUIlBIl. O ... GR"':-lh.v.d••and.d.",h ..... , "Y"··lo..,.,:\Vhcn"'ponou.r
btfor. h,m." w. upl .. ntdahon. ·Threern.n:

you thtnk it muru!' While he Wat lull pun!.ng

,hc,u...yl.·"oodbtfo.-ehirn .... 8u.nowbt.

O>'uit.trylng.oundtrS.~ruI •• helnvl.ru_r.d.

C>u.. lln ........ 'nvo!v.d.GodiJ ... idrodc ... nd.

·~ou.whrdoyouno, pe.ce''''''U munlngl 11" ..... obvi ...... th •• i,iJ.hew•• trol.h • cOI'IIlngdown from p.lnd...rAlooonu ,h. an. Vi had .... id.hi •. hecu... d '0 .... h,m. L'fIO' p.. (;Ho .. lus(80H"'.'<;)'.'H."

Ikw... le" you think of u.c.ruling and de· ",.nd,ng.paUIUy.Forrhe... meuphorlar.f... qu.ndyfound'n,h...c,td li ....l.lu..... in,hc prophctMicah.·lkhold:Scrip,urc .. ys.·,hc Lord dcp."cd from his holy plac,"ndc"mc down and will trnd upon th. high placcsofthc nrlh.-Th.,.for. God i•• aid to d«and when h. dcigns,oh.vcconccrn(o,humlnfraihy.Thi. . houldbt dIKc.n«l npeci.llyofou. Lord and S'Ylor.who·thoughli.""trobbery.obtt<jUII wl1hGodhut.mpti«lh ....... lf.tuingth.for m ol I oervlnt." Th ... for. h"d.",.. ndcd. f.or ·""o,h • .. h.. u.c.n.dcdin,oh •• v.n.bu,hc.h.,d.",ond· td(romhuycn.,heSonolmanwhoisin hcann."ForthcLorddcKendednotonIYlonrc foruobut.botobt.rwh~t,hings.reou ... 'For hc.ookthcfo.mol ...."'.n.:.nd.lthoughh. him ... lfi.invlJ,bl.innllur•. ,naomuchuhci. 'qualto,hcF.thcr,n •• c"hcl ... hc,ook.vi.iblc appu.anc. ·.ndwu found in.p!"'u.. nc..... m.n." HO"'L'fiION GBNU'S ... j.'O

RI. ' . "' O. P"uo, u Fo Rno u>.P"CHO'''US: On ano.h., ouu,on whcn he" wu si"ing by h,msclflOmcplaccreading,hcbookof,he,wcl.c prophct •• hc fame to the prophet Micah. An an· g,dof,hcLord'ppe...d.oh,manduk«lh,m .bou•• h" verse from Micah: 'Like w..er coming down from ," lOll"'.: H. "".1'0 him. ·Wh.t do

.,v..

TH I UNGO OLT SHALL Bu D, n OL.IO. JUO ...: A,wuc.nno.
N~TI O"'. S HA.lL B.<:o... B.n o. GnGOu THI Gn.. T: 11u, h.ppened whICh _ know.o h... bt"nfore,oldofJuduby,h'l'roph.t,·cnl.'I" you.b.ldnuslike,h'.'gl,,:Fo.b.ldnu,btf.U. m.ninth.heodonly.butthcc.gI.ini"whol. body.Forwh.ni'i.vnyold.iuf... th .... ndpin· ;on.f.llf.om.llitsbody.Shtlosrh.rf.. ,h... who loot hcr pe0l'le. Her pinion. toof.1I out. with which ,h. WaJlC£U$.om«l to Oy to the P"" fo.all ,h. migh,ymen-,hrough which oh.plun· de ..d o,h''' _peri,h.d. Ho .. ,uu 0 .. EzulII.. HO .. 'Ly,'{•. 6).'·

_.. _ .... __

'l'hI26-1.""l<1J.'I'W~."FC7UOl."1looodo.."T_ -......,f~

"a0S021J.

''l'MPC~II,CCL_ZJ.''I>MPC2.2S"".

2:1·13 REFUGE AND DEL I VERANCE

'0

,hoJf w&o dt~ilt wichdlltll ~nd wII'.I: t~;1 ~pO" Ibfi. "td,! Whfllhfmorl'"gdowItJ.,b'Jp../a.m".

'WIN'

'"

,b.

hrco~J' il i, in pawtrll/,bti,hond. 'TbtJcov.lfiddJ.andlfiu,hfm; olld bOUJfJ. and la.l:.lb.m a"'~J;

I ___-------------------------------~M=,'"~",~".,J ~oPF rtJI~m""""d"il&Ol/lt,

]U Jrrip Iht rllbtf,om rhtptoufwl/ !romrholtwlNlpalSb]rru,ringIJ w.. rhnO rhough/ofw .. ,. ' Tht wom," ~f m] ptoplt ]OW dri~, ow/

OIllOIlO"dililiJlb"i/OIlU

'Tbtrrfortthul14JllhrLollo: j3t&oIJ. ogoi/lJllbiJjomily J om

Jr~iJillg

t~j!. fr"III"'&ICb]()"CQllIIOI'tm(lVf]OllrnuL:

.~~

J"" 1&,,11 1I0t W"/.\: &oug&r,ly_

from Ih,irplt",anlhou" J; f·omlhtiTJOwngchildrtnJowr"k.awaJ mJg/oTJ f"TtVtT. ' ItA,iltandgo.

!critw,lIb.anrvillimt. 'InlhQldoyr"tyJh"Ur"hupOI4UIIIJOlIg

fo " hiJiJ"opl"ct/owl; btcault0fundtann.Il /"",dw,o], wirb agTltvou, dtll,uaio".'

OgOIIl"10 Il ,

,,,J"'/li/wirh billt. '"rn,n/otion, .RdJ4y.·WtIlTtUIIUI],uintc/: IJtC"4 ..gtllhporlionoJmJptoplt: &"",hrrrmovtJ IIJ'OIll mt! Amongou,capto,JJhrdivid.JourfiddJ: 'T'b, rrjortJouwilIh"vtnontlo,oJllht lillt bJ 101 ,,,rbrOlStmbIJoftbrLolto.

" /f .. ",an ,houIJgllabllula"dwlftrwrnJ and/itl.' la]ing,

" / will lutdJ t"rl,tr

an of JOW. 0 J:t~b.

rw;UgalhtrlhtrtmnanloflJ ratl; 'willmrhtmlog"h" li~t" ,http in A fold. 'iktaj!IKkinilJp.."urr, a noiJ]mul/llwdt 0fmtn. " Ht who IIptlll Ihtbrrarh will go uplnfOTt Ihtm; /htJ will b,tak Ihrough and paJJ Ihtgalt,

"'OOIlOlp.,o,""-thuJlhypr,o,h'oll"/'ol//dnolpr'MbojJ,,chthillgl: Jilg.oawillnolovtrl4lktIlJ."

'SlwuldlbiJbtJo;J.Olwlllt°fJllc"b? hlb,Spirito!tbrLoII:Olmporitlll?

Art Ih,u hiJJoingJ!

Do "ot my 11'0,.11 do good r~him

who wolkJ wprigh!l]! IBNr]Owriu ..g.. i~lImJPtllplt'dJ .. n

goingow/b]ir.

Thtirking Wil/pAU On btfoTtlhtm, IhtLo.oallhtrrhtad.

utmJ; I(o.HoIo ....... . o.HoIo,-.., ....... _ .o.HoIoI- ..... _

..... _., .... ....r.--. __ .... - - . _ ____ ''''''''''_ .... r_'''_ .... '''' ... s,--r .. ""'"' .. ,..~ _-r_ .....

·rwillprtachloJouofwinta"J

lITong d'ink. ~

htwouldbtrh,prrArh"fllrrhuptoplr!

..... n. ......
I""'".. . . . . . .

I_.,........

Ovu "",.",,, n.e how< ofJocob provoktd God·s ""!nan.d,sJ<>lntdrolhe.wffningofChristinrht flesh (H I.POUTUS). Fluing from Ihe wo.ld ", .h. illOU" ..,ns. a symbol of ",h
153

""~,..,,_.,

_ _ ... __ .... -..,; ....

Ju<>< ....... ,.. .. _ ....... _,....,.. ... ~"""""" ....

fOr u~. n.e church IS now me MW Moun, Zoon an.d .... ne ... .!-.u.. km '0 ,.,h.ch belt<~"' mu"n.. (A....O:t.). I... in.h.,moun'.'n,h., Ch,i"i.", ... ",r.nd.efuge in ,h. ,imcof",bul.· lions {Juo .... ).M,c.hislik.?ul.ndMOI.s-.1l '.'o,,Jd ... ""g,.~,hmli~l intI
..."onolm..!ews(joH .. c...........r).Ch,,"III ... .... ph..dlt,... V,· ( j~IlOIOB).

2:7 T1uS,irilojlj"LorJ

h"bro,h~"•• ,n:,h~o''''rfo'i''..."h,'''orl.h''n . Th. <>tI .... u ,h... ...,l."on 01. c"m.: ,h. othu cov.m:lac........cording,owh., "w,,,,en. ·Bl.OMd ... ,h.ywhoKlinl .... co •• r.d ... F L1G II T •• O~TH B WOUDS·JI.·

c,,~, s ...·• SU~ I' U ' "'' IH nu FLU '" HIPPOLY' Tus:·H'Wllclo,h.din •• OIlu .. d,pptdin blood. And hi. name i. coll.d Ih~ Word of God:' Sn,h.n.mybro.h...... how 'h....llur•• p"nklc:d ..."hbloodd....... dinlymbol,h.fl.lh.through ... h,ch Ih. 'mp..... bk Word of God n' l ..ffe"ng."'heproph ... ,•• ufr·For'hw~.ks ,hebl.OMdMic.h:·Should,hllbeu,d.Ohousc ofJ.cob!II,h.Sp;ri,of,h.Lordimpui.n'iA rc ,h ••• hi. dOIng.! 00 nOI my word. do wdllo him who walkluprighrlyl But you ,isc.g.tinll my ptopl.uan.n.my:y<>u lI,ip,he rob.t from ,h. ptac.ful:Th" ..f..... ,oCh".. ·•• uff..ingin , ... fl.oh.AcAI ..n NOHTUS 'S.'

"...u......

MOuN ...... .. uRRFtloB.j ERo ...,·ln.h.l.tord l take ..fug<:: how can you oay to m•• ·FIe. '0 ,h. moun'.in.l,k •• 'P •• rowi··· Sh... wdad ..... ..,.: ... ,""'p.ed .... I.onlSavlO<'n .... d<$Crt ••nd_ htw.nll,hc(."hful .... ryoncol,h.m.todcp.art from, ... I.ndoljud.aand,od_ll,nl"",ldcmc.. bar.. nof.",u ••. ,hatth• ..,hcm'gh'(rUlh .... m mo...uily.E.. nthe",unscl,!sclfilcraf'y.h,s no, an .. ho.ta,ion,oallum •• hewingoof.dov•. a gentle.limpl•• nd dom.,,;. bird-on •• ,h.y uy. .n" ..lylac:k,ng,ng.U- .... hich ...... olkrcd,n,h< t.mpl~'nbeh.lfol''''Lord.[Jn".adi".anu.

hort.non'o ..·.ktlth.wingool.-'P""o...... cha,· •• nng, rov.ng b,ni. onc th ......"aHg<:, '0 ,1£

2:9-10 No PI"u,o R.. , Mou ........ ...... SYMIJOU o. Goo·. R.puo •• A....OS1' l •• himwhoc.nno.fly l,k•• n ..gl. fly I,k".p.rrow. Le,him whocanno, fly to h•••• n fly '0 ,h. mountain •• Let him fl.. befOK th ••• lI~lha"K'lu,clr.lrd"l~dby .... ,.,. u, hIm pall 0 ...' ,h. moun,.. nl. Abrah.m·. n.phcw puu.! 0 . . . ,h. mount.,n of Stgor.nd "'lfu ••d.'Bu. lo,·. w,fc could nO' cl,mb i,. for .hclook.db.ck,nwom.nlyf.ohion.ndl.,.,hcr ..1•• don.' · O .. wn .. r,h .....lallingmoun . rl,n';lhelorduy.rhrough,hcprophc.Mi •• h• ...... from h.... for ,hi. i.no, ...., for you by ••• lOn of undun""loI. You hlY~ be.n corrup,ed wnhcor,up<;on.youh....uff.Kdpu .. u,,: An.dth. Lorduys.·Thcnle"hoscwhoar em judca fln 10 rhe moon'.'n .... Mount Z,on i. .her•.• nd10 .. ,hecityofptaco.Jerulll.m.buih no,ofur,hIY"on •• buroflo.,ngllonn. w i.h •• n .ho~oand . ngcl •• nd church of,h. r. ...born .nd,h•• p.. ".of,ho.. madcpt.f....ndth.God oflhcjulI.whoopokcbe.. cr .... "hhllb/oodth.n Abel.' Fo,th.<>tI. «;.d out f.".v
.h.

m.... f.uhllching;'syoung- ......... nh".nd,ng thIlA'luilaandSymmaOth.c~.,·Oc.wyoun .. ' ,h.....lu'ing moun ..,ns.·.nd ,n ,h. t«ond 01

'0

tI•• g.adUllplllnu.:· I !iftupmr·~·fOW.rd,h< """,ntai",. ",,"'nc. help ohill
w.

mUl' ..k. ref· uge.flCrth •• bom,nationofdcsol.1I0noh.n ... nd ,n ,he holyplac•. " HOM'UUON ... Hl I)UL'"

Ire ,he """,n..,n. toO in which

60."

2,11 Tj,.Pr.ocj,.rJojWiNt~"d Drin.

T". RuD... ... OF ... H.

S frll"g

PRo."n.jOHN C ...·

5' .. H'S,.P.ulwioh.d,h .. ht ..... ldbeaccuncdif ,he ptoplc of I.ca.l be u •• d ro God'l glory." Tbc 'II.
"H.bL2:2-I.

'Gooouo.

'(;.,.'9>tZ-l9.'("_'9-.JII,.'M,;u,I6.

'Pt.1:z,1(lnl.JO(~ "FC~JO!."'­

_ c -• ..... .---.....I........... _ ..................-J ...dn-J...w.-t.odo-.l<.d .. _

........

:;-:~~ .,,:~,L(lo.ua.~ ~P,'JD,I. "5-""

J

M,CA",,"" ........ hoknow.s.ha.ch.dprophuled: ·Wo..ld,ha.Jwc .. no,man,ha,h.d.h.Spm,. .,.d,h., [n,hcr'pouali.:And.hcrewu,hc ,... o£,hcl.wgi.er. Moses.whod,dno, ..fuse,o po".hwi,hhi.bro,herswhow..cdoom.d,odi. ..,uld.·[beJ«chyou.Olord"hllpcopl.ha•• _.,d.hclnowlin,clfh.rfo'g,.c,hcm,hos """"... or, If you do no,. b1o. m...... of.h. booI< ...tuch you h••• wro ... n:" eo.. nu..c.,.,S."

>r.

TH . S .. ...... D ATTH . G AT•• Jno ...:Wh... .... h...n•• r.d,nm""no ... om'n,n.hc ... ,. wh.re,nh •• ntcttdbu.mu"gofor,h,n,o.he p".. uttlO,h ... n,e"ng In should be.h. begIn· ning. ·goingforfh.ndfind,ngp.Slur.:" .hcpcr. fccfingofgracc •. Thconc who en"" in i• con •• i ...d ... "h,n,h.boundsof.hewo,ld.Th. oncwh.og<>Hfonhgocs.ui.wctt.beyond.JI created ,hmp.nd,coun,ingunochlng'U 'hlngl se.n,.h.lI·findp..,u..·.bcw•• hchc ••• na •• r>d sh.Ufcedupon.h.WordofGodanduy. ·Th. Lordi.mr·h.pherd(.ndf«dsmc):lc.nl.u:k no.hing: " Bu •• h' ,goi ngfonhcanbeonly .hroughChrill, .. i.follow •. ·.nd.h.Lord ... h. h..dof.h.m:Co .... fi .. T .. UO .. MIC .... 1.•. ,).-

.... c..Il<9.··EI
3:1·12 REBUKE OF PROPHETS AND LEADERS OF ISRAEl

'And I laId, Htor,youhtodlofjacob nd rwlm of Ihe hOUI. of "ru/! IlilnoffoTyollfoknowjlll/irt!'YOM wbo b,,1t Ibe good "lid lo~t fbt tvil,

wbO,t
bul h. will "Ot """"er t~(P"; h, will hid. hilf"cr f rom th,m
' TbNJJQYSfbeLoTdconctrnillgfbr propbfll ..,bo Ir.J "'ypropreo1lr"y,

wbor,y·P.ouwh," fbeyh"ve.omtfbingloNf, b~tded" .. w"r~g"in'l him

whopwfSnolbillginlothdrmoufhs.

'Thcrtfort.IJb"llb. "ighr fOYOw . .."lhoWI

Tbt JUn Jhallgo down "pOnrbtpTOphw , ondrbtdayshallbtblackovtrthtm; ' :ht JtcrJ Jhall bt diJgraud, GnatbrdivintrspulrOJbamc;

rh,y shall all cov,r thtir lips, jorthert isnoanswajrom God IButasjormt,lamfilltdwithpowtr, wirbrhtSpiTirojthtLORD,

GndwirhjuJli
Ovn.VIBW' God i. no"O bl.m. for ,h. d"'TUC· ,iv~ con.equ~ncu of disobeying hi. word (CH~Y· SOSTOM). On ,he COnlu
g•..,d (THEODO~IIT). Tho •• who follow fab. proph." will walk in darkn ... (EPHRi"). Th. in· .pirtdp",ph.u ...... filledwi,h.h.HolySpirit (C'RtLOfjEIlUSAL... ).Cyril ofAl... ndri. quote. Micahin rer. .. ncelo.forg.dl.".. th .. w..... nt und" hi. nam. to A.h.n.J;u, by h...,i... Th. forg.. n",only,wi ... ,h.word.ofCyrilbu,.I", pl.... Y'ng, -Hur. you Tul ... ofSodom: .. nd -Yourprincu ... fai,hl ...: ' And.gainMicah: "I.i.no,foryou

whoabhoTJUSliu GMdpcrVtrl all tquily, J·who build Zion wirhblood GMdjrruJal,m wirhwrong. "lIS h,adsgivtj~dgmtnrjor a bribt. ;rsprims rrachjoThir!, iuprophtfSdivintjoTmOnty; ytfrhtyltanupoMrhtLoRDandsay. "iJ notrh,LoIIDinthrmid
,oknowju.. k~!·lnf.c' .• v!rip Ih~m of allth~irpo ..e.. ion.(.ugg."ing ,hi.byuying"robbingpeopleofth.ir,kin•• nd Ih~ n•• h from Ih~;r bon~"). Co .... n.. Tur 0>< MtCAHJ.t·4.'

Mu,;.. ,,).:,· ..

_haftpubl""'d"o"IIp',u,of,h~I.,, .. of

}:s-6 D<>:rh.u " ...I N~ Vi,i.... \\·'r .. ouTv,. ,o ... E.Hk... T".Sn' .... '·Th. ..n .. ,"godown··llpon ,h .... p.oph."wh .. lud ~TP«>pl~

umy. dw.ning in d~.kn ."., "It will M

~Z~~:::h~:i:~:~~:!:i~:;:I~k

OUt .11·SI....,"'" f.,her. A.h.nn,u •• '0 ,h. bluKd Ep'''''u" , I..... wh>ch " i...lf .... ' hodo.. ,1O 'h~t m.any ... don.harmfromi'.,hinking,h .. fo r,hi ... uon 'tw.. uldb .... m.,hingu ..ful.nd nec..... ryforou,bro,hnJ ..... hav ••• n"oyour hoJ;n.ucop,uof"m.ad.from,hean"~n'copy

whoch •• ",,,hu•• nd"genui,,,,.LBTTUJ9.""

.... ,h,.'1u".by ....u ... [Th.Lo'li ),..,nd.r~ "'''Judg"",n.",,,hreg.>rd,old'.people],·ThuJ .;D"MIOr,h"gen.ra'ion."Tha" •• ,n,"'daYJ " .... proph.tlrh•• vil,piri.h.dgon.ou,from thtm.ldm Jp"ir) ,h .. was ,in i' .. lf.Co .... ~ .. • "kYo.T.. T ..... ·SO... TtSS .. ko .. OI.a .'

},8 fm.d wi,&,&. Lor.l ·,Spiri, TMl l'.oPH aT. K... wT " , SP •• •TO.TH. Lou,. Cn.. o. J"'U$Aluo: If. fu"h ••. 0"" _b,hrough,h ...... lv.min .... proph.... m.ny .... 'mon'u.o ,h. Holy Spiri, ... ro M fOllnd . ThuIMicahlp.. luuGod'lmou,hpi.ceand

YY" ·Trulyl.mfullofpo.... rby,h.Spir;.of obe Lord: Jod n,u. " And i, . hall come ' .. pasl

ir.......ds:uysGod.·,ha.l ...·illpou ...... my Spom upon all n.""··and wha, follows! HIgg" ....I:·ForI.m ... "h,..,..;uy.,h.Lo'liofhosu .:mySp"" r.m.",.damongyou:"And ",hke ..nnerZ.ch.".h"y •• ·Rec.,v.mywo'li.and -r.u ,u,..... h"hlc .. mm.nd.dmy .uv. nu,h. proph...: "CATHCHBT,cALL.<;Tun,s"9, "

1:9 n. .. u M o Abbo. J~srict T... P •• v . ... o .. o. Ho ... T ..'T. CO"T' ... . .... C ... 'LOFALU .... O., ..:Bu.... h.noom.ol IhowlCcunom.d·top"rv." ... ha.i."gh,·ru ... -r .....rd ....d.'n'owh" ... mlbc .. ,o,h.m.l.. 1"·.,,holinulno, ... onde, a,.h, •. (Knowj,h .. tho •• involv.din.v.ryh.... ycoll ..,ftom,h.di. nne!y; nJpi r.d Srrip.ur. as pre,u," of ,h.i,own dr..n.c,onwh ... v.. w ... pok.ntruIYfhl"(lugh doe Holy Sp"". (O<. uptlng •• by tM" own ~~.I . . . and pou .. ngu"'lu~n,habl~fi ... upon ,he .. '"'Yown head •. Bu... nee w. hlv.lurn~d ,h~.

157

3: 11 Co.rwpfiu

.f Is.".'"lA ..d.fI

L .." n O" T " . PA~ O.P.' lsy •. JUOMI:You .... p"rm"'.d.Op".... t .. · liv.;n .." .. luxuri.t. from rh •• It.., ·Th. mouth of .h. o. which tr.ad.. ,h.com;' no. muul.d: Ye •• h.'po$d. ·.buoedno,.h.lib<"y;"bu,·h.v,ngfood.ndrai. "",n,·"wu·therebycon,.n,;Labor,ngn,gh,and Cnul ,ha. he ·l,v.d ........ n.ly·,. .ndw'.h.ou.a..,,«in.h.p· pelofChri .. ,H........ 'hi. '00 notofhimulf • Ion.bu,ofhi,d i..,iple•. ,ha,h. h.d •• nt no one who wOllld d,h.r.sIr. or receiv. any,hing from ,h. ,hllr!.m:"Bu. the.., f'OO' .... n......... , h....,whool,h.Jews~ ...,bcl.. ~.n Chn"andb<,ngca"ou,byparentl.k,n.m.n.nd conn."ion.h.dlo"th.irpos....ionJ.nd.II,h.ir go<>d •• ,h. p.itsu of ,h••• mpl. and ,h. p"0pl. d•• •• roying.h.m.Le, ....,hpoor "",.ive.Bu,ifon pi •• ollhe poor. few h....k$ are .nri.ch~.nd "'e u. in goId.gl.uI.ndchina .• i,h.. I~'II.w',hou ....... l,h ,h.nS" ..... habo,or I....... ,he hab.. ofpovrrty oeek.henctt.esof..,.,.ro.... Wh ......illrmh;tl" • olpovrrtywhilt. w hokcrowdolpoorlong.for •h.""' .. n.. ofourpu ....1Wn... fo ... ·lOrour uk.·who ... lueh.·whobu,ldup Z.on w"h bloodandJeruul.mbyin;qui,y.whojudgefor

OIl'

""'1,...'MllbOJ.'MtS.'ocrol~_""u.."H.t: z.4.S."Zod.I"1JDt."lCC~t"'-"FC1kISl."ICor9tU• ,I. ",T_M. "1~H,2~U. "l~~to. "lCor '~11-t1.,"7. ""'-1-.

g,fu,g,,,,,anJ_n roruwards,d,y,ncfo.rnonty; .nd,ht.rol'\cwm'ngfOou.... l...,."Ik"'''''''&an<·

"'yur. -E",l w,llnot COIn« "f'O"",;htar ,h• ..,n· ttnceol,h.Lordwhidtfollowl:-Zoonand je.u.aJcmand ,hc mountain of ,he '.mpl.--,ha' ,""httcmpltofCh.ist--lha ll- (i n,htconlum. m.llon.nd,h •• nd,wh.n-lovelhallgrowcold-" and,htfa"h.hallbe ... re)-boploweduaficld andbecn..,.,htapsu.hthighplx... ol afn.n.:1O ,ha, whtre once wnc ample houses and coun.1ew unolcom,h ... &bouldonlybo.p""'ro, ...&<. keep,ngup.htohnwoff.u"whochhuno,d'rat.. m.n' for th.ooul. CO .... ~IH... n 0 .. M,c .....

,.).".11

T .. . I> . .T.lICT 'ONO.j H. lI . ... U llfo . .TOLD .

G..Gono,N ...:z,.....:zus:H.nc··v'n,hedi..in. M,c:r.hwuun.blc.obrook,htbuild,ngolZ,on ",,,hblood,howc... rrouin.e'p .... htph .....,. • ndofje".... lcmwi'hiniquiry.M •• nwhil •• ,h..c hcadlofth.hou •• ofJacob.bho...djullic•. Th. p. ies" w•••• caching for hi ••. The proph... w, •• prnphuyingfo.mon.y!'Nh .. d<w.Micahuy wiUbe,h....uhof.hi.!·Zionah.llbeplow.d .. • ficld,.nd.lrr ..... lcmah.!J beu."orchoul<'of f,u" •• nd,hcmnunu,nof,hchnu.. ahallbeu ,he grove of,he f.".. ..: He bowaill.lJo ,he Ka.·

ci'yof.heup",h.,.huebe,ngK..ccly ... alkor aglcam,ngg"\Klefr•• ,nccbn.h,h.p"nceuu .nd'hcJudl"'cu'''.lf'_.''lO th .. h,,~ngwg< 11.lmo.. ,he um. u .h. migh,y O ...,d'. : ·S••• m.,O Lord, fo •• he godly man ce...I:"' nei, bleuingl l h.lIf.il.hcm.fo'·youconl umclik •• mo,h wh., "dea, '0 him;" I .. O~fI"U O. H, s fLIGHTTOPO .. TU5.0 .....TlO .... , .... TM , P ttO . " .CT F UU' LUD. Cn.LO. J.. USA. lu.ah"li.ed almost •• ho ..... nd ~.n.go .ndlOW Z,on ,n i," prim,.i •• form. Th. cuy w" stil! ... nding,bo.utified with public "Iu..... nd do,hcdinhonor;yc,he.ay.,·Zion,hallbe plowed like. f,dd: H. WIS fo •• ,.lIing wha, h.. be.n fulfilled in ou. day. O~trw the eunn... of ,he proph.cy: fn,he •• id. ·D.ugh••• Z,nnah.1l belcfthk.ahu,ina";n.yard.ltke,"hcd.n,clI· ClImber p;!,ch;" Now ,he plac. 11 full of cucum· be. p;!tChu'>' Ooynu$Uhow.heHolySp'''' tnl,sh,tns.heu;ntlITh"cforedo no. bedis· "actcdby.common,crmbu,holdf.."owh .. i.uacrlyrrUt.C"TEcHn,c ... l l . CTU ... ,6.18."

L''':

"M,lA:Il. "'I'MPCbOS-46,z" (lh2""'~ "P>ftll(JU2UD1). ..... PNFHlIT.

"CJftI

,..,...,. _ _ ........... _ .......... "L·c,.._ .---....,..r..._,... __ z-. ... bI

~_--..,..t-n.._"""ASJ." "Fe

4:1-13 THE MOUNTAIN OF THE LOR D

'11 jb~/l (0"" 10 pdll i" Ib, i~Utr ddl1 IbM ,bt ",ownrain ofrb. bowltOflbt LORD

Iballbtmab1i""ddl ,b,bigbmojlbt mown/amI, ""dlb"lIbtrailtdwpabovtlbtbilb; ""dp.opitJlb"lIfloWIOil.

' andmanlndrion •• bdlro~t.""d loll' · Com •. ' .. wIgoup,orb.moun/ainof,h, LORD. 10 Ibtbawlt oflb,God of Jar ob: ,ba,btm"JIt"cbwlbjlw"l1 ""d w,ma, walk;" ""palbl. ·

J

of Z,o~ 11..1/ gg forlh ,h~ I~w, • nd rht word of Ih. LORD from )t.w"dtm. 'H.,&alljwdg, "nw,," m~nJP,opl", 4ndlblllldmdtforsrrongnlltion'lIfll. ~r ~wr

' AndJow.0 ,owrrof,htJlorlt. hill of rh. dllughrtr 0fZion . 10Jow,hllllileOm(.

rhrformrrdominion',hlllf,omr. rh, Itin:dom of rbt dawghl .. Offtnlal. m. r

-If, ,ndrh'1rhallbtarrhtirrwordrinro

'NowwhJdoJouerJlIloud~

plow,b• ..,. .ndrhti"prllr,inroprwninghoolt,; larion ,ball nor lif,wp,word IIgllln"

r,Ih.rr no k,n, III JOU! HIIIJou,rouIIStforprrilhtd Ihlllpllng,bllvtlfiudJow/iittllwomlln inrrllvlli/?

ntir~tr

IOWrilhtandgrolln. · Odllughu,of Zioll .

,hlllf /h'J Itll.n wa r ."J morr;

'ht,b.."bIlIlJlrr~(fJmllnl,"dtrhi'

vi"t

liktllIVomanrn Iravall,

for

,h.

now you Ihall go fo"h from ,il] and Jwtll in rbtoptn,ounrrJ' ]0",h.l1gor08I1b]'on. Thrr(]o",hlll1brr"e"td.

IIndundrrhl'fig rrrt.

andnont,hIlUmalttrhtmllfrllid; for ,ht mow,h of'bt Loao ofho$ll ha, ,peltrn.

Ihrr"b' Lo~owillrrd.' mJ"u

fromrhthllndofJourrnrmitl.

' Forllllrhtpropl"wllllt rllC" in rhr nllmrofilJgod, ha' will WII'It in Ibt umt of lb. Lo~o

w,

" NOWmU]"lIlionl IIrrlllltmblrdllgoillSl]OU.

our God for,vtrllndrvtr.

'IIJ'''g. "Ltl "~r~' profutd. IInd In (]tJ gau upon Zion."

0.,

"" ' '11' dIlJ.'IIJJ Iht Loao.

JlBurrb'1dollorhow

I will ,"lfmbl, rh, 'IImt

IbtlhoMg""of,h,Lolo.

IIndgarhtr,h o,twhohllvrbttnd.iv.n IIWIIJ. and ,ho•• w"om rbllvtllf!liertd; 'nd Ihr 'IImt I will maitt rh. rtmnllnl; IIndrbo,.whowrrtell,r0ff. II ,rrong

Ih'1Jonoru"dmlllndhilpllln.

,"11' bt bd, g~r",,,d Ib,III 11, ,htllvtJ 10 , ~.

,bwhingjloor.

IlAriltllndrbmh,

o dllU,hltT0fZ,oll. for I wil/makr]ourhorn iran on"JON.hoof,bronu;

nd,b,LoaowlUrrignoVtTrb!min MownrZion f.om ,hi, rimt forlO and for

]ou,"aUbtllfiIlP""''''III1]ptopltJ. and ,&alrd'1fOrt rh.ir , a," la Iht Loao. l~irw,alrhlorhtLo.Joflh.wbc',.a"h .

..... _

,Qs,.T._'" .....

-1-...,..

twc lM". _ _

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.,.-.p..
<1....... . -

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M":"H~:"'J

OVB.V' . ... ,ChnIlLl'h.·htghmoun..in·.bou, whom MIC.h prophCSled. who will judge ,he "". nonlw'mnglll..,....nOSl (AVGuST"...).lltclawlo Mg,vcnou,o(MOIIn.Z,onu.h •• ..t.id>,,..,n::okd byChnll ... pl<>«d.he Lawg'YflI ",Moon on Mounr Horcb (LACT...... 'US). Wh .. was prop/><. lied on MIC.h wu.bundantly fulfilled in rhc.po«· d•• .....,rldw,de wnn . .. ,oCh.i., (jUST'" MUTI'R). M,uh prophuied rh . , ,he mountain of God w,ll.m.., pilgrim. from.Uov •• ,h. WOI"ld (THEOOOR.).Th .. p",phe.y w.. fulfill ed in ,he 'p"'.oI"p.u,h,ngof.heg<>Ip"I,h,," ar r.din jtd.JI .h. n~"<>". of the ....."Id (TH.<>OORIIT).Thcficld.n.d.,.. ,rcc.ofgr. puond figo ... . ymbolic ..f.,..,""" • •<>thc.piri.uaJnour. ,ohm.n. " ... n.o Ml ....... (A.. _l. Th. vine LI juw..nd ,he fig tr« "Ih. Holy Spiri,. who fecd. .hcMI..... r (MIITHOOIt·s).Thevlnc:mdthcfig edtop.ar.dlM:{A... _.).lloo$C ",·how.Jkm,hc n.m.ofChflllg.... h,m.hcirfullobcdit"' •• nd m.k.allefforr"oM."",OIll{CYOJLOfAlILlrA .. · oR, .. ).I>c...,u"onila w•• ningpl"'<>fp<myforurum,ngcaprivcsandforthc ,hun:h (EPt< ~""1.

4;i·}N"tiolllCo",e to GoJ'.Ho ... e T II . Mo u" ... A. .. O' ..... ~PRO PH orr8 . AuGu.· ... ,.. H: The prophet Mi(1h employed ,he .ymbol of .h,ghmoun,a,nto $pt.k "f.hc g.th", ing"f,h. n.. ion. inChri ... H.h ... hi"ouy:·Andi. .h.llcome ,op.a»in,hcl."d.y.,ha
160

and w. will w.Jk in hIS p~
T,,. l>.o"" uo L .. w. L..C.......... ,U5' For Miuh . nnounced'h... h.newlaw"'ouldbcgi.~nin rhi. wlr: 'Thelaw $h.ll goforrhouoofZ,on. .nd.hc word o(.hc Lord ou, ofJe.llul.m. And hcoh.IIJudgtamongm.nyptopl •.• ndh.lhaU v'"'lullh.nd .. b"kcn •• ion.:For,h •• p.oo· lem. and .hey wtWordofGod.And now wc whooncc k,U.d'at. nor only do

J

___--------------------------------'~1=="~."' :I.,1 ",. ..... uwuonuchofher,bu.'norikrno{(o

"'~~:''; ~U:r::;U~:~'~:~::I~I~I~:,~ ~~;

~:~~Or:~~~n·la~~.~~~.~ ~oU~gi~·Who~l~w~r;i·'

dj
pro.orh .... h f."h. h ••• lsopouibl. '0"" rh. di.inehnu..,l.lt" ..d.n.hcm,ddlcofe,," ....,I· bg••. fi.I .... nd .. mo ........ con.plCuoll.for th.i,.i~c.ndMa"'y.l
4:4No.l1or.Fur

.....hou'whod ..... in.c:orrupuon.R.,h"',.n. d.... lIrh 'ngl'nord ••• or.c.i.... ha'Wfclong Iorf"""~'mw hoi.abl.,ogivei'.FI.$TAPOL.

o
"UIl'V";ULS,,.,o;S. TH~OI)()U O. Mo.",uT,..:Af.er.hcuptncncto{,h.,roubl ••• n -.hlrg. numM .. 1Tom.1l q....I< ......n from fo ... gn p«>pI... IfOILIdh..,.n.oasKmbJ•• o .... h,h,.mounuln al"God.onwh,chGod;.Mh • ...,dfOdw.U .• n.d lumhow.h'y . hould"gub,.,h ... lov •• andli •• .. ,h.yough •. Co .... ~"' ... uvo"'M'CA .. 4.'·J.· APO . ... o .. c Pauc;UI"c FULFILU O T .... ,",O. H.CV. TH.OOORET OF CTa: Th •••• ng.lic.1 oadd •• ,n.p.c.. hmgcourod.o,hecn"'of, ...
i6J

FaulT.... HoTa ... ' ........ P .... U.UlF, uo o. FAITH . ........ou:Th. SongofSnnv.U..
T .. . H ... u "a RU T 0. F........ M","oo,us Th. vin •.• nd ,h •• no, in. f.wpl"' ... ..k .. ,,,,h. lo.dh,m..,lf.... "d.h~figl<•••o'h.H"lySpiri'. ...h.lo,d·m.kc.g1ad,heh.c.ruofmtn:".nd .h.Sp,
- . .... ""'poopIool-.

')0000_--.""

'lCC1~ ' \ 1 ( ; _

'Mtl4o'''1'd ..».''PG'U_~2:7LJIX.''''!cUI I*IILJDI). '.,.........-.,.~._ _ .........

,...."'Joooo·Wood ........ "" _ _ _ ""S.t:&.2.

"FCM<'..

..,.IH..,.IOI6."1~lIk7: ..

M
f.nh, m«kl\(..,.emp.."nc.'-'· On acc.... n. of ,he" gK" pk:u.an,ntU. ,h. prophet can •• M.. .p.. ltual fruit. fig.. Of ,hem MICah alto uY', ·They . h.n " ,every m.n under h....'nt.nd un_ dc
CU" from .h~ .am di .. racllon. of.M world and ..~k ra.h~r "gh •...,...n~ .. and wha. IS plu"n,.o h,m, .nd ,0 tu~1 In .irtue. Such a Onc wu .he dJ. .,nePaul,fo.h.. wti.e •. -I'm
V, .... ..... O F, o .... , EC>1 o" o. P ... .... D.n. A... ~o.. :\V.r..dinG.n • • ,•• h"Godpl.n ..d. g.rdtn.o,h ..."andputth.r.,h.m.nh.had form.d."Whohd.h.powtwhi
P • .,... OTO B..... Mo ... F. "'T.J UIT'" Mu· Tn,Nowltilobviou.,h.. noonec.nf"gh ..n or.ubdueuJwhobeli.vein)cJu.,h.oughou,.h. whol.wotld.AI,houghwe ... behcad.d.ndc.u· cifi.d,.nd uposcd to wild bca.lll.ndth.in • • nd nam", .• nd.ve'Y0.h •• mun.of,orturc.n, . ...;. dtnt.h.,w.wlll ...., ....... ou,prok..,onof fa1th. Th. more we.re f'C.stCutcd •• M more do o.Mn on e...-In"elling numben emb...e.M f.ith and berom. wo .. hipt .. of God through ,he nam"o(JuuI.ju" •• wh.non.cu,"off,h.f.ui.· be.ringbr.nchcsof,h. vine,i'g,owl.g.in and o.hor blOlloming and fruitful branchu Ipring fo"h. to i,i. with UJ Ch.i"i.n •. For ,he vIne p1.ntcdbyGod.ndChril'lheRcdccmc,"hll pcopl •. B"'lher... of.h~proph.cyw,lIbcful· filled .. hll ..cond cornin" The prop/l.. MlCoh

-e....

W ... L" .... O I,. TH. N ...... .,p CH.... T. Cn'Lof ALBX ..... D~'A: They who.re ugc. '0 go up ,nto ,hemoun ..inof.h.lordandw,.h.olu,n,hot· oughlyhi.w.y.promi... ",.dyobc:di.ncc.• nd ,hey •• cci.ein,hem.el vco.h.g1oriuofth.lif.in Ch.i.. andund.rt.ktwi.h,h."whol.I".ng,h robeu ...... ,n.llho1i...... ·Fo.l.. everyon.:h. ,""y •. -,nc.''Ycount'Y 'nd cuygo ,he'''yh .. chOGUS.nd p.... hi. lift u o«m. good.o him. bu, our ca.e;1 Ch.i.... nd hIS l.wl wc wIll m.k. our " .~ ,ght plth: .....~ will w.lk along wnh him: .nd,h.. no,fo •• hi.lif.only.p .... n'o.paot,but )·ctmor.fo.wh .. " lxyond'-h il af.i,hfuluying.-For,h'ywhonow,uffuw"hhim.hall w.lk with hIm (orcv.r. and wllh hIm Ix ponfi.d, .nd",,,hh,mre'gn:"' Bu, ".h.y "",k. Ch".. d..,.. car .. who pr.ft ...... hmg to hll 10... who

162

4,6 G.II"tr , ,,, Ajfli<wl

uY'-'

-[n,harday,,",,yl.h~lord,lwlll,,,htrMr

th .... b.ul..d,.ndwill .... iveh •• th .. ,.".. ou< .• nd,ho .. whoml ..jcctcd:Thi.indl..... ,h"you do not h.ve,h. I... word.htnwhen you and all othtrpcopl •. h•• ing.h.pow ... c.. ,out .v.ryCh"llI.n only from hllown Propt"1 but tv.n from ,M whole world, for you allow no Ch .....an '0 h ... D,uOGu. WITH TaTP..o 110.-

no,

4,8 T", Fo,Ift, r Dolft;n;u T Ha Dn ' L TH . C lOUO' S H. "" "RO. EPHUM THI SUM .. ' "And you. 0 ,owe •. 0 doudy .h.p· "'GoI~1l ""NF6<W)'. "Goo.U "')~ ()l;fuur~ "MoUdJ.. '"Mk.us. "JC 4u:Q. "1T.. l:ll·lot_",1> _ ".. ~GoI2",.lO. '"'Gooll '"PMI'C-' "JCteJ,1.

~oi'Md~ugl>wofZIOn..)'OUr"n".oh;,l!

(1:1IIIIf-:TI>tK"",rd.Kf.. ,,, ,he ,mp'ou. klng ZtdtkJ,h. whom ,h. ptoph., caU. ·ro~r·b«.UH ohep«>pl.ofjud......y.dund.. hi.oh.dow.and ',bUo,h.d.vil.doudy ,brph<,d,b«,u"'in.n.l~ic.l..,nse"'al"".)'I

"uckJthed.ugh,•• ofZ,onund.r.doudylky. Al>Il •• ft•• c..chingh..,h.dr:o.V ...,·...·yfrom .... !,gt..-,nd..d,h.onewho .."m.lieiousJy "....,h.hgl>,.Bu,b .... rh •• up'em •• ndltgn,· ""re I",ncc of ,he my.",ul)
sbtpherd.w.y.CO..... NTotUONM,eAH ,"

ou,orrny.whocap.iv..eaUm,nd.,o.her.,pcc' ofCh,i... CO.".. ~ .. T"~V ON M'CAH."

$,..,,, ...,

Z'ON D u p, n o. E~"n .. T". N"w m.ny n."on.....""mbled .glln.. you. That 10. in ,h. rncan,irn •• mi. ofrnanyd,rr... n,n"ion • inv.,J.. youund.r .... com ..... ndofGog.Ag.in ,h....h.Ubcp,,,f.n.doninZi"n .• nd.h ... y. oh.Ugau upon n,whlCh mcan. rh. holy pi.... of Z,on will bc viol ...d.ndg,urlyd"pi ..d by rho.. who dId not know .hot ,h,y would h.ve b«n .h.a.h~d by .h~ '~ .. ~g,ngjultiu of God like ........ g.. h...don.h.,h ..oh,ngAoor. CO .... H",TVl'o .. M' c" ..."

4, 13 Horll of /rOIl, Hoof. of Brollu RoT U. N ~ .o ..

E x'LII.E.HU.. T" ISH'A", 'W",h•• ndgrQ;ln.Odaugh,e,Zion,lik.:. """,.nIn l.bor.fo,n"wyou ,h.1lgo fO"hf,,,m me . .. y.ndcamp'n,h.opmcoun.ry:you ....ll r>toB.bylon,.nd,h"cyoulh.Ube ..scued: n.. .....ningi.rh.ryou w,Ugo,ntoc>p.ivi'1. p«l!>I.ofZ,on •• obcd.port.d,0 B.bylon.bu< af, ,.. ".... you wiU «>me Nck from.he ... nol wilh meJOld,uh .... n'ng.f.wn p",oner. You wiU follow h,m ,og«h •• • i,hP.ul'.bro,h.... 'n·.. rm.nd .... p'mcuof

P.oS P ~ ,,"'Y.Ep"RI"T"ISn'AN:·Fo,[will

mak.:)""'rhorn •. w!nch .... lhbylonl~brol
5:1·15 THE MESSIAH FROM BETHLEHEM

"N"", JOw a.t ",~/ltd ~bour ",ir~ a 11'0/1;'

JlS urJow.OBrrb'cbtm !:ph,Mbah. ",ho "'r Iocrlt 10 bramong r"rd~1I1 of

litgcilldidag"illllul; ""rh a rod rbtJIlrl.1:r WpOIl rbtrbrtl< Ibtrwlnof/s,at!.

lMdab, fromJowlb .. Uromrfo,rhformt 163

o~e who i, 10 be ,wIn i~ Ilr~tI, ilf'o", ofol
",hrn lhr ",h il

i~

r'
f"",

,hfn,brmr"f bi,bmbrrnJl,,,lIrttwrn to thrproplrojil,,,d. 'Adbrlb"/Ij/,,~d,,ndfudh'lflo,kinthr

lIrrngrhojrbrLoRD. in thr "'''itSl] of Iht ~amt of Iht LORD hiJGod. A"drhtyJholldwfllltcNTf.jO.nolllht lh"Ubrg,ur

liktlhowtTl MpO~ r"tg''''I. w"irbrarr]lIO,formtn nor ",,,ilfor/hrlonIOfmtn. 'Andt"fumn"nlofJ
tothttndloflhru.tb. rOAn
IAndrbillb"Ubtp."cr. IIIbtnlb.A"],;"ncomtJ,,,roow,l,,nJ ",,01 trt"Jl MPOn our IO;!.~

""".I Iwil/IY'Offrbtlilitlof]our/lInd

r"arwt",iU,,,,,r"gaimr~imJtvtn

Ihtpbtrdl "nJrightprinuloj",u; ·thtyl""II,w!tr"t!""JojA"], ;,,w'rbrb.

.word. "nd/ht I"nd of Nimrod with tbt d,,,wn lword;" ""d/hry" Ih"U ddivt, wlfrom II>t AlS],i"n w"tnhteOmrl intooNfI""d ondlrudlwjr"i~owrbo.
"nd rb,owJown "U]ou,JI,ongboldJ: 1 will cut off JOrCtTirl from your bOlld. "ndyou lb,,1I b"vt no mO.floothl"]fTl; ll"ndr ",il/IYlolf]ourimagrl

JJ~~d

ond]owrpi/l".s/.omamongyow. ""dyow lb"lIbo'" down "0 mO't !o !bt ",,,.k "f ]OM' h~~d,; ""nd I will r~~! ~~t ]OU, Albtrim from

a",o"gyow and JtII'~] ]owr c;lit!. "Andina"gr,,,ndlll.,,!b lwillurlwlf

'Tbuthfumn""/ojJ",oblb,,Ubt in Ihr mrdll oj m",,] pt"pltl ',k. d.wf.om t~e LORD,

Vt"gt""It wpon !bt nMion. rbar did

OV".v'lIw,s"maroa IIa meupho. for ,ho..., who are pu, to shame and di.hon.,.. (ClRJLOFAUXA"" o~, .. ). The m.gi. the If . . . nd B.. hlehem in Mk.h·'prophecy ...e",.lIfocu,edup,m.hebinh

164

~~I

ob.].

ofj«u.(Au()l/STr""). .Je>u.fulfill•• llofthe promisa mad. to Abnham""" 0.00 ( I SHO·O .. !). Chri,,', temporal birth at B.. hlehem wu nOf ,h. beginning of 'he uillen<. ofth. Son of God.

M".hindi".trigin i. f'""',h.~g' nning ( IsHo·DAo) . Ou,ofBc,hle.

h<11l will corn . the Christ. wh<> will.h.pherd b,itl(C>lR,SOS",oMj.ChriStw.soornavi.ibl. "unof •• irginmo,her (Aucus.,., ... ).Th'p.in. ,nd.ffl in.ofjeru •• I.m . .. I.borp. inJ by ... hi,hsh .... i!lgivebirth'0 u lvati<>n([SHO'DA<». n< Magi. Ih< sur .nd Ih. pi.", <>fCh risr '. b",h w"••lIfO,.,O[dhyMicah (AucuS.,.'Nti).Unbc· l...ingje ... s m.de.fund.m.ntalmi" ake • .,did H
.y,..

;:) B•• i.g.dlD .. ' ..,SOh...y.th .. S.mari. willbc •urrounded.nd.nnly ",ill.hey mik. her cheek wi ,h the"h.nd.which i. morebc ... ble.bu.theywill <",.hherw;th,od ..... hilT'M~ 0'"' M'CA " 5.'.'

Tl>1.: By Jesign •• ing B•• h[.h.m . ,h.y [th.j.w.J ",."[ik.,he build,,.ofNo.h', .. k.prov,dong oth" •• hcm •• nsofc"'pe.y",hem.. lv" per· ishinginlh.nood.Likem,[c"on ••. th.y.how.d the w.ybu, Were incap.b[. ofw. lking . long i,. Th.y wcr. ",ked whe.. the Chri.. wa. 10 b< born.Th.y an.wer.d.-[n(kthleh.mofjud.h For,h~.ilw .. wri".nbylh.prophet"_ th.y wer. tep<.,ing from mem<>ry. you .e., wh •• had bccnw';"enabou•• hi , byMic.h: ·Andyou,Oe· th[.h.m.l.ndofjud.h .• renot . h.I.,St.mong th.l ..d... <>fjud.h;forfromyou.hallcom. f<>rth ,h. king who i. go 'ng to b< th •• h'ph.rd of myph;)·et.,hanh,o lh . help ,h .. lgiveyou.th'powerfu[ru[erwillb • • bl.I<> m. k,w"'g.instth.m. Fo,l h.v. d.. tin.d him tothatfromlh.blT ....yONM'cAt•. ' ET.M ... LBUTDOR>l IN.T."PO 'lSLPLACB. CU1 LOFJU USALtiM: h is.nough for piety for you to know, as h.v... id. ,h .. God huon. on[y Son. On' n1turally b
w.

'PG 7] ,m-n

'M, lo~

'W5..\Jlo,m·ll. "'l'ho P>olo ... d6n

....,~_>ndddoo<.. .. ~I..1OO·And"""_

...

iew " """*",,,,b."""""'_~""""""alJud>Io:'C!;O)

JOJ(nS)dOl.

165

.h~~'nn'ng.from.h~d.>,.of •• ~ ..",y."'llktt. fOf~ do no! fUl your ."~n"on on h,m u coming from 8clhl~h.m SImply bur wouh,p him u be· g''''.n''~rn.JJyoflh.F•• h... Adm''noon.who .pe.k.oof.bogin ningof.h .. Sonin"m •. bu.u. knowl.d~hi.fim
T.

Tit . h.c ....... \Vo.o BD... , .. BU HU H. ... T .. EoDOUT OF Cn: Now .h,. p.... ndy r.
B.T"L." . ... CItRY:KISTO..

I.w:u.nolh.rproph....g.in.whopoin .. dou, ,h. plsc. wh ... h. would be bo.n, For Mic.h .,id, 'And you. 8c.hl.h.m .• he land ofJudah.... by no ...... n.rh.k... 'among,h.p"I!>C.. of .... d.>h.Fo. O,.of ... rnny.. H ...v.aled h........ ncobefor... U.g< •. Wh.nh • ."d·,h... .... ,11 rnm. ,h. I..d.. whowill .h.ph.rd my peopl., b .. oI .. h.... v•• l.dCh"' ... bir,hin Ih.n.. h. O ... o .. STIlATlo.. AGA' ..STTIt.PAO ..... j.J." C " • •• T'. H u .... " B, ..T"O ..... " . o . AUGus-

"'''I: Accord,ng'o prophecy. ChnSf "'u born in

o...hkhemofJud.h, .. rh. " .....,:u l .. ,d.when H.rod "'U lu"g mJud.a.A. Rom •• IM ... pubhc h.dg, ... n ...·rro.M.n'i...rnp'f<',.ndtl,... mp«.ChriJlwuoornavi"bl.m.nof.virg,n mo,hor. bur h. w'" hidden God boc.u.. GO. Of ,h~.., mind.. ,h. very fi ... wu ,h. marvelOIll ..... nn .. olhi.I:"'.h.C'no.Goo'a.g6."

5,) Wbtn Sh. Hu Giv,,, Birth T .. I TllAv", ~o. C ..... , ,,, .. , \V,u eNO . H A B, . .. " . ISHO'DAD O. Muv: ·H.. man g'.' upun,(I,h."m.whcn.h.whoi.inl.oorh .. brough,forlh:Th .. i .... h.. ,h.prnph.. c.n• J.. u•• I~m. Thi. mun. h~ w,lIab.ndDn ,h.m.o Ih •• m,clion.ofcap'ivi.yun'il.h.,im.of,h...., 'urn. Thi. mun •• hat Ihtu prodicnon. will not como ..... b
,"'m

boa,,"

T ... M .. G. , T... ST...... " oB... HL ...... Fou.. oLo.AuGUST, .. ,; Butnow.• h..."",If.rwhtc:h led ,h. m'g' 10 ,h. pl.co wh ..... h.;nf.nl God wu.obofoundwuhhi.vorg,nmo,hcrcouldof cou ••• h••• lod.hcmrigh"o,h.vrrycny.Bu,i'

"M.a.'JC61,='JoU-l;P,Uo,ltJOt.'PIHn1M. "CSCOlOl(U'~'Ol ~FC1101'' uIoN.,U,IlJ. "Fe

.....T_ . . . . . ;/U~J.

"Syr.o<-....(4."OJwho_._Iooo_ "cnJJOl('a).1OJ.

""bdrtw,anJdidn',.ppeua,.II,orhemagain. "",il'h~J.w.th.m..,lvC$h.db •• nqu'S1ion.d ,boil' ,h. €i,y whore Christ to be born. Thi, .... ,ooblig.,h.m ,,,n.,,,.;!th.,,,..,I.... . on ,h • ..,id
not wi,h '0'"relgn in Judu rcign.cverywhcr. You)'Our ..lfwould ceign more happily if)'Ou wouldsubmi"ohi.rule.Whyno"u.nin,ohon· u. sc,vice,ha, which you resolve ,odoin f.lse· hood.ndguil.!Gowi,hrhew;.. m.nand worship ,he "uexing in humbl •• doruion. Bu, more indin.daoyou ... ,ow.n;I ,h.Jewi.h blind· n..s.)'Oudono,imitatc,her.i,hof,hescG.n. ,il... You,urnyou'perveruh •• ",ocru.lwil.s Yet)'Ou ..e no'going '0 kill ,hcone you f.ar, nor will you harm ,hose whom)'Ou dimina .. : " Suo

::~ ;;~;~:;::~~::'~;::"~;;::;::;~:::Y

"'OH)4.2. "

w"

I

.. I C,:.;:!~;'~~~,',~:, ;~~, ~:t;:::::~~:~ce

I I I I I

dltmKlvtsbeingblind,This"vidence,heY"'"uld
,,4 Li~;lIgSt<~u Huo oF uRB " " NE" RTHLyR' VAL.lBOTH 8

G.... T:Evid.ndy [,h. H.br.w lud.rsj under· 1IOddid,andrcckoncdthatCh,i,,·.kingdom """Id k like ,he power. in ,hi. world. They hopedfo, ... mpo ..ll..der.whil.H.rodf....d ,n •• nhlyrival."Herod,you ..e'.. pp.din.uu· bsk... ln.aindoyou1tump"o"ge'g.i nsr ",.,hildyoususpec,.Yourrc.lmdo«no,en. wcr.Hewt.omyoudo

5,5 When rb • .Auyri~ n s l"vAde S~V ~H S H U H BRD5 "N O EIG IIT PRlNCU.

"W.will raiuag.in5t,hem uv.n.h.pherwand.ightprirK••:Bymun.d th.ev.n" 'hat h.ppencdin ,hcd'ysofH..eki.h. a"he.imeof,h. ru inof,h.A"y,i.ns,Micahpro. videsinfo,m.. ion.oou"ho.e ,hings,h., will hap· [SHO'O"O OF M BRV'

pcn,hrough,he.gcncyofZ
dUM by hi. "'n' and.t.. ",h~ ... w~.., n.ermin •• · N by .hei. &>lIow ''''nn •.... From ,h. 'p;,;,u.1 poin' of vi .... ,h. ver..,.pplie.'oS .... n.• h... boI. isher of ,he la ... and .he ppel .... ho wu def.... ed

by rhe prophen •• he ap<»deo and ,h~ .ngelo. CO .... BNTU.• ON M,CA ..." "CSCOXB (llII) lOJ.

6:1·16 TH E LORD'S TR I AL OVER ISRAEL

' l-/tdr wh~, ,ht LOIlD lay': Arijt.plud]ou.cGjt~rjo.rrhrmounroilll.

udlrtrluhilllhtG'you,voiu. ·Ht~ •. you mounr.in,. rhrconr,ovt"yoj rhtLollD. ondyoutnduringjoundo'ionlojrhrro.rh: jo, rht LOllo h"l " ronrrlwmy wirh hil ptoplt. udhrwillronrrndwirhlr,.,1. ' ·Ornyptoplt ....hor h"vr Idon,royou! In ... har h~vt I ...tori,d you! Anl ... ",d 'Fo, I b,oughr you upJro", rln !""doj

t.

EVp'· "nd rt~rtmrd you jrom rht how.r oj bondagr: "".I I .. ". In:jo,tyou MOlu. Aoron ... ndMiriam. 10 my p
16'

-if";""

wirhulvt. oyror old? ' WilIrh,LoIlObtpltoltdwirbthoul""dl

-f"·',

wilhunlhowlondloj.ivtrsojoi/? Sho/l/gin"'yfi ... ·bornjormy """ltttHio" . •btjruIloj"'ybodJjor.hrllnoj",y lowl?· 'Ht bOllhowrd you, 0 man. wha. il good: andwba.dotllhtLolloftiuirtojyou bu.,odojul,iu.ond.%wkindnm! ond.o wolk bumbly wirhyour God! ' Thtvoiuojl&tLollocr;tl.o.hreiryond ir il lound wildom 10 jror rh] n~mt: ·Hta,. 0 Iri~t and alltmbly oj.hr 'iIY!' leCon / jO'lt. Iht' .rt"Iu.tI ~j ""chdnt.. in rhthoultojlhr ... iekrd. ~nd .ht "a~r mrosu" .&0. il a"u.ltd! "Sbolll ae~uil rht man wilh wirlrtd I
JO~ Ib~1I p~1 GW~J.

hI nOIIGVt. Gndwba' J oulavtlwillgivtfofht Iword "YoMlbaU,ow. hI nOI rtap; JOM Iballtrudo/ivn. hI not anoint Jowndvtlwifboi/; Jow,h~lIlrtadgf4pt" hI no/drink

,0 .... ""

.......... __ . ,.

'fForJowhavtktpt lhtltatwt'lofOmri.' and a!ltht worb of lb. howlt of Ahob; ~"d JOw but w~/ktd in Ihtir rownlt/.; Ibar ImaJma.t JOw ~ d"olalion. andJon'

inbahllo"tI" "i"'"g; ,0Jow,bo"h.orlrn,,,ornoflbt~op/tI.-

._010--"" ._. •a._.,,..,.. """n. .... 0I......... .c.~a._

.c..f~_

"'..VI.... ' '0 my peopl~. wha. have I donr.o ,...,1' i. Ch"••• charge and vndin ag.in.. hi. p"rf<'U'oro (A".lOSB). Thoy mluod the oppor· N""r '0 .«.'V~ J~.u. a. M... ,ak (C"""'ODORVS) M!(.h·, woni, • ••• ppli.d.g.in.. ,h. A,i.n •. ..be> ,ofule'o be
.... God .. d.J,v ... nC<.God"not.p~.udby """A,... ndri,u.I.:u,h ... th. Loni.e'lui ... J"snc•• ",e"yandlov.of,hoMWhoprofe.. to toIlowh,m(A .. uosa).Hu .... nbeing.ar.called IOptocrea... ndfill ,h••• "h(ClhOENTOfAlU· """tu"j. God i. ",.",iful.nd 'ompa..ion..... nd ....xpo, .. ,h.... me of thou who follow htm (T..Tlltu" .. j.B.li.v...... no"oddayindoing good (AM.IlO$I).n."u,h i.b.. , .. ugh,wh.nit .. embod,ed In :K,ion' (B~ol). Th~ love of God >ndofone'. nC1ghbot. ,...nnounced by Mo..u, " iUf"'rlOf,o~rifi," •• ndoffe"ngl(THEOOO"). No I.". how.ver. dot. God ,ha! w. gi"" hIm ourulvu(AIlGOSTI .. Ii),

,"It

6,1 "OltfJ Ptoplt"

•_ _

. Gs,.v~_~

......... oo.s,.V.Tr_

1-I ...

whenh'''Judged.'[nd«d.heh~'Judgm~n'

ftom,h.unJuJlm.n .• ndin,o"Chn .. ~n,ered willingly... you find it wri ... n. '0 my peopk wh .. hav. l done,oyou' Orwh..einhav~ 1 gri.ved youl" lI u, .. n,e the Fa,h .. hugi •• n all Judg .... n' '0 h,m.' ..... Inckednif.oon. ,h.,wu we.k bu,u ,fto a Son. wtt.. judgm.n. can he un· drrg",lf.h.y,hmltth .. ,h.SonmuJlund.rgo ,h.F.. her'ljudgmen'.I .. rtly·,h.F.,h .. dot • no' judg•• nym.n.but.lljudgm.n,hube.n givr"h.Son .• nddoyouno,pu'him.ojudgm~n.1 W. h• ...,upruud ,hi. ,houg+" h.... oo ,h .. no on.would,h,nk,h.. weJub.",u,.d .h.figurtof thepulmllt In ,he Lord'. placeou, of f.ar of in· qui,y.HolyD •• idforesee.inspiritthat.h.J.w. will riMup.gain .. ,h. Lord in hll pa"ion. Sin« he .. n<xgreadyar.. idofthej~dgmen.uponhi. own fai.h. he beUKhe •• h•• h.. own CaM be di.· tlngui.hed.looftom.na,ionofpon«u,oro. El.e. the"ocltof,h •• n,ireje",i.h rac.,ouldbe impJica"dwi,h,hoMWi,k.dhe".ofhi.own r"'•• ndpo.t ..ity.TltfiP ..... V.. O.Jo." .. oD...vln •. 8·~9·'

CM . ..T'. JO ....... ..,.o. H .. PKOPl • • A....on' Th..... ~loo. ,hml.n"u.y. for .1. tboughD •• ,dw.. ut,n.h.mldsrofpoopl.do. Ing,vildud,.h"'grrlydt",.. ,ha,hl,c... be It to fur Judgmen •. u ,he on. who """fCOInel

J tl "O:: ..... T " .. " CO ... O.T. CU510DQ.tl5:·For

,h. LordwdlJudgo hll peopl •• and he wIll [giv.] romfon.mongh ..... van ..... Th.....onforrh. p... iou. pr.i", i......d: ·Forth. Lord wiJljudg~ ,.,4H(41)1UO<).'''!I'''(_''''''~'Jo''l2.,.~1l'FC

_1J.1""'1"'-"(1"'4UQ:~

h"poopl.;.h., .... h.Jew"h pcopk to whom he .uul.d g.u. m,"'cles and au'S""d h,. p.opIIe.. so ,h., ,he pcopk would nO' I;n. H. .lso $On, '0 'Mm h .. own Son. so ,h •• 'Mor x· ~urwd hard""" could finally be .... It.d. But be· £OUH ,hey pcutf,d wllh u,uned ob,,,nuy. h. w,U Chc ... ,lljudg•• h.m.Bu,h.. ,wh •• f"t1ow.ui, .0nc.,n. the{.i,h{ul:·H.w,ll'gainhavecom. pau,on upon u.... H. munl when h...ill Kndc. ,h." p.om, ... d Kwa.d •• o .ho... on uflh .fflicted w"hharsh.on,emp,onac.oun,ofh~n.me.

Sc,ip,urcuy.of.h.m."B1ClKdar.,hcy,h.. mou'n.fo"h.yd,..lIbecomfo,.d .... nd,n.n. o.h.. plac. are 'M wonU ·H. beli."", ,n me ,"no'judgdbu.willp",,{romdc.,h.olif•. Bu, he,h.,docl no.belo .... i•• J, ..dyjudgcd; ..

th.,

EltPoS,no .. oFTH,PUC.UI)4.'4."

ga'n.But"ncew.~ ..

in.uch.condn,on.nd ••g. .. l••• ou.f."hby.he.im... l.tu.comp... .... "m.1",nhon•• no,h.r;youyou •• mp" ....... . ndI my _.""gn.; you Ah.b .nd I .lNiah. AGA'''ST THa A.' ....... HO 0 .. H'''SUF. O ....TOO .. n .•. "

6:SR.",n,brrB"/,,. 1·.. . PBO" UC HA$TtU" po.

R . jBCT 'N (l

Go .. •• M . . . BNtl BU. A . . . .ou: y"u.cc ,h. lordi.T •• ,hingy"u.I..."n.,halleng,ngy"u,o gnodnt" by hi' "wn uampl •••• aching you t~n wh.nhef<:p
T ..... (l'c a.O,U ..... M... GU(louo, N .. zlA ...·

zUI:Wouldyoulik.m.t"u""'"you.hewo,d. ofGod.ol".tl ...i/f.ncckdandhardend! "O my pcopl ..... h•• h.v. I dtm•• oyou.o,in wh .. w.yh."" I ,nju,d you. o,wh.... n h."" I wear ..d you1"ThIlJangu.ge,n.,'unu' ••• g.'n.....:hoth...ndh.ving des,ro)'<'dou,f.Uow,h,pof'p"i.bydive ..illelof opin,onh.vcbecomealmotlmoreinhum.n.nd Java""ooneano.M"hanev.n,hebarba,i.n. who.renoweng.g.dinwar.g.instu •. band.d ,0geth •• ag.,nltu.by,h.T,initywhomw.have "p"ratcd.We.,.n",r"reigne"m.king{ony' .ndraidluponf",etgn... ",n.ti".... "fadiffcren, I.ngu.ge.wh,ch "",m.litd.,on..,I."on ,n,h. cal.mi'y.Bu, ....... m.k,ngw.ruponon •• no.h· .... nd.lmoltuponth" ... of,h... m.hou .. hold. Or if you will. w••h.: membe,. of ,h...m. body ...."n,um,ng.ndbe,ngcon,umdbyone.n. "thc,. No,tJ ,htl. bad .. "i •. ,he """,n. of"", calamny.fo,we"""n'eg.udou.diminullon ...

170

6,6-7 \Viii

0ff.ri~g.

pr.".e,b. Lord!

S,,,, NOT Rao ....... aT Ou . S "'''T 0 ..... · .... " •• A .....on: For wha ... ..J<.d of you. manl Only Th .. you fca, God: _k fo, h,m. w.lk after h,m.foIl""" ,n h .. w')'J." 'With .. h.. >hall I w,nov.,.h.l".d!Shalll .. inh,rn .... erwnh bo,n,off..;ngol" TheLordilno, .. concdd.nor ... I,n. red.,.mtd.w,th ten . "fthouJand.of youngg"",tlo"houoand."fram.",wtth.h. f,uiuofunh"line ... bu.thtg..,.of.htl"rd,. w"n with. gnod life. FUGHT no .. TIU WO"'""

°

6.)3."

You C.NNOT W , ... G ..... c •. CC . ... NT o. Acu· .... o.'.:tJev.. yonewh"i •• u'n'ngf,"m.'n." r.i.h.,u,n,ngfromJ",fuJp.u"",.(.. ,{,hcy wcrehtlmD.h.r).oliftlI sh.llcall,nnid.nc•

o""of,h"wtiocprophcts.who .. y. , "Am],o ... k<.nofTtringofmyfin,bo,n.onfo,myim' p",yIShouldlofT.. ,h,fmi,ofmywombfo, ,...inofmy.ou]>"C.n,hcmo,herbuyherw.y wGod by gioing up hcr fimbornl Thi. mu" "o,l>c,.kcn .... n.".ckonth.word.·incru~ Lnnumbc .... " Mic.. hi . n.ming.byu.ing,h. o,ord,'"p;,tJ. ,hcfi,ltimpuJ.... ftcrbirth. .. ki
6:8

.ningdisciplinc.n.....ingGod.ndpand.. ing'0 ,h.ms
°

T.. C"'''''TH.T.. tJT '' .... OI)O'NGGOOO WORJL:s.Bm",H."i'''pri.stwhos<no.....v. try hour wi,h grcat fcar while w.. lking humbly wi,h ,h. Lord hi. God in.rcord.nce wi,h ,h. wordofth.prophct.Mcanwhil.anotherpri."i • hardlycapabl.ofh.ving,h .. tmuchfcarcv.nwhcn hei ••bou"odie.ndentc.in,o,hclastjudgmtn, ~forchi.Lord.Bu'fh.fullcxprc .. ionof,h. pri.sthoodi.compristdofth<,combina,ionof,h. ,caching of tru,h wi,h good worh. Thi. i. in ac· cordwi,h blt.. cd Lukc·"omm.n, ,hat in wri,ing hi,Go.p
Wh~tIJGood

00<8 WHO K "o w~ Go". T.HULL'A'" "Bu, God:(adult...... ndfo'nicato" ... y.j"i.good .. nd rt'IOS,kind:H.i. "m.rciful.compusion.... nd nminmcrcy:" which"hep,cfc"to.v.ryucri. fi<.:" ·H.d•• ircsno,somuch,h.d..,h.sth.rr· ptntanceof,h • • inner:" Hei.·,h.S.viorof .. ll ptop!c,andcspui.llyof,h.f.i,hful:" Th.rcforc th.childrenofGodmustaJ,obc"merciful"" .. nd ·pt".m.. ~.r$:n ·forgiving ..cho,her .. Ch,i" ollOforg.v.u':" ·no'judging,I.. 'w.~ Judgrd'-" For,o·hi.m..,,,r .. m.. n ... nd.orf.ll.; who,reyou,ojudg.,hts
Lov a ofGoD ANDN. ,GHBOR. THWDOUOF M o.suun~,Forg.. abou,bu,ntoffering., coun,l... ucrificcs.ndoblation.offirstborn.h. you are concern.d to.ppe ... ,he di· vinify.practi«wh .. t Godordtr.dyouin,h.~. ginning,h,oughMo .... Whatinf.. cti.tha'ITo dcliverf.irjudgmen,.nddoei.ionin.llca... whercyouh.vetoch"".. be"erfromwo"e.,o con,in"cgiv;ngcvidtnceof .. llpo.. ibl.lov... nd rellow·feeling,oyourncighbor.• ndbcrc.dyr"

i ...ying, If

pu'in,opra"i<"whati.pl
w.,.. He mun., in .hort, ·You wiU love God with .U your he.rt, aU your mind and aU you r.oul. .. ndyouwiUI(}veyourneighbor.syour",lf:"as wa. s.id of old through Mo.",. Do ,hi •• he i. uy' ing. as some,hing prefeuble to sacrificeo in God's qu. CO .. .. S"YHY ON MtC~H 6.6-8.'"

Forwh.t d •• douth. Lord ",.k of you but you! Be
TH B LOllo R BQU 'Il BS "'H. S. ~"' AUGUSTtNE YOli ask wh., you ,hould off.r, ofT
7:1-13 THE SIN AND MISERY OF !SRA EL

' Woeilme!Forfhavehuome M when rh. l~mmU fr~il · b"l httn

garhtred. Dl whtn rbtvimagtbalbtt ngltDntd: .htnilllOc/ulltrtOtM, nofim-riptfigwbich mYlouldelirtl. lTbtgodlymD n ha,ptri,htdfrom rht eorth.

and !but i, nOnt upright among mtn; tbey all lit in woitforblood. andtMhhUnllhishrotbtrwitbantl. 'Thtir handl aTe UpOn what il tvif, to do il diligtntly: tbtp rin ctandtht)wdgtalltforobriht. andthtgrt,,! man ulUTI the tvil delirt of billowl; !bWl thtywtavtittogtlhu. 'Th.b .. tof!bem is like a hriu, the mOll uprigb.ofthtma rbornbtdgt. Tbt day of thtir' watchmtn. of thtir' punilhmtnt, ba, eomt; nowtheir,onfusion is ar hand. 'pu! nO trull in a neighbor, havt nO confidtnu in afritnd;

gUDrdthtdOOrlofyourmou .b from htr who/i.s in your bo,om; 'fo r tht IOn trtats the fMhu with ,onltmp', rhtdaugb.trrim upagainllhtrmothtr. tbtdaughrtr-in.lawagaimthtrmothr-in law; a man 's entmits art tht mtn of his OWn house.

' But alfor mt, I will look totbt LOJlD. I will wai, for tht God of,.,y la/valion; my God wi11 ~.ar mt. 'Rtjoict notovtTmt,Ornytntmy; w~tn Ifall.11hallri
m.

M,c.o.,,;r.,'" '1111 tblJl dlJl tbq ",ill come 11J10U, f,omA,Il,i a lglEVPI, andfTom Eopt to Ihc Rivrr. from Ita 10 If" "lid from mount"in to

'W"trcrJl"cLoIID1IJu,GlJd~'

M,tJc, ""I/glo," 0",' ba, ~o ... Iht ... ,/1 be trodden do ... " fikr the mirc of the lIrfW, HA d~l for the hilding of llJ~r ",al"! In thotda,the bcullda'lIhllll bcfllr (.ttclldcd.

"Swlrhcurlb ... ,II".dflo/QIf bctUIfIJ/'ill inh"biluII,

fO.fbff·NIlOffbci.dlJingl.

()y. . v.. w,~li.ve ... reth.nngofme$lubblein,'" /wn ..... ..,n,"" '" rh. w,nnow,ng of Ihe "n' JU" or ch.ff.nlh,n,h. hUfO'}'0fulv."on.fromC.,n.ndAbcl,o,he unf."hf.. lnn.a in MM'" .ime (Cn'L o. Jnu"". wo),lkan.n,iverOlh...condaryunintend.d """"quencc,of,clling,he/ru,h{jo".. ..... ).Ifoneh .. bc.n .. g.n.rared'n'o.childof God.>lm""bcfefl.".din.hen .... r.f.{GIlIIG· "'OI'N..ss.;,).Both u •• nd.wo,d.r"ymbol. ofrhcworlcof,heHoIySpirir .... ho .. p...,n goodfrom.vil(Guoouo.N ..:t,.... z ..s).God m, ... ,ho..... hoha ... f.llenininfirmi'yCAM· ...... ). Th. con..qu.nc .. of.in .• venr.ptn .. d ol,mu"bc born. wi.h humili.y. Repentance 11 the .... y'oper .. v... inh.roicp.. i.nc.... hil •• h. Lordjo,n. ,n.hebatll. again .. ,he dcv,l (fMs'L).

..,r•

c..s.

$ince,h... ",.m.nyf.uh • • mongth.p.gann.· ,ion.bu,.ltoamong,h()$.wh"ar.'uppoud."bc from ,h. chutch .• h.prophc.I.mcn".ndmourn l forour .. n....... nhe .. y•. ·\\/oe .. m•• for 1 h•• c b«orne ........... hoga,he .. ""'''':Lc••...t.of ... ocru.im:< himself. Is he an ••• of corn! Will , ... SonoiGoddJ.l,c"",."""".hing.nh,m"'J"Cknr h.J'VUf,Do .... find ,h",.,,,,,,,of .... .., ,,,,," ,w'p,by.hc w ind!E •• n 2l_h.v... iIlah,d.,n ou".lv••. 'wo or ,h"", kernd •. Our "n. a.., m.ny ag.inllll •. !iftingth.,th.chllrch.. ,or.h.... to. caJled,.r
WHO la Ruo'r FO" H""un/ 0.,,, ... , Who "'f"ak,ngwhenth'prophet··ro,·Woei.m •. lOul.forlh •• eh«nmcolW:a'g.,hc"ngll" ... in n.~ ..!"Fo.did'h.ptopht'h,uaJJy·g"h... o< .... n .... n"n·ga,h ...!Ooo,.th.prophe.h."". fmn! Anyw.y, ,he only ..... who rrghdy gathe.. frnm ...h....... bttnplan..dlO.harnM .. ...,.'... f"t'Ph
173

on.d"".norf.ilwhni.lik.,h."".d,h .. f.lI.nd sp .. ngup, .• ugm.nt.d.ndin .....edbyvcry m.ny fmi".' And . n ,h. proph. r •• y•. ·\V"" i. me!F<.rl"mbtcnm.".nn.whog•• h."the "ubbl.in,h.harv.,,:Thu.wick.dn... i.cnm· paredwirh ,h. "ubbl •. whi.h i.qui.klyburn.d. .ndwi,hthedUSl.Andoo,Job .. id.ub..qu.ntly. ·Th'ywillb.like,h.ffdriv.n by ,h. wind:' and .,,,,,ceh •• dded,,bridlin •• nd$.1id, ·orlike du",h., rh. wind huc>r,i.doff:lndeed .• o ,h",youm"yknow,h.rrh.wick.dper
7,2 Tbe Godly P.,i,b TUB U .. . BM .... T
JBIlUS~LBM:C.in.ndAbtlfoUowedinth.gene .. ·

'ion of hum.nkind .• nd C.in wu ,h. firs, murder cr. Af.. rw.rd$ . de!uge.ngulf.d ,h.carrh b«.u.., of.xce.dingwicktdne.. ofhum.ni'Y.Fire
wi,hcords andhungv.il.nexr,o,h •• J.. r: " C~T ECHET'CAL L~CTUIlB ".6. "

7,5Glla rd YDllrSp.«b UN'NTBN OBOCO NSBQU ..." u opTIlUTH T nLlNG. JOHN C~Sst~N' [In.piritu. ldi KiplineJ. rhcdi.po.i,ionof,h.doeri'giv.nmo.. wcight ,h.ntherhing,ha
'1,"0.,0""" 7;6En'miesi"Onr',HQ"1< 'K~J64. "Eo:1Il 14. "P>1"'] ''I\l(l6;11(los.]1LXX~ '"AmoolollJ<X.

'Uu. 'IoI>IIoUI. '1'01"(IULXX~

"Ho,,"'l.

''l'C6hl30-11. ·'Sornll1'" "I Sorn22:9-1o. "'PoS2>S(Sl,1 LXX~ "ACWsum.j"

.\I~ U CLU"" W HO YO UR f~T H BR Is. GUGORY A man. Ihen. who ,emain. ,he ume ,ndyetp,.,de•• ohim.elfaboullhechang.for th,bc"uld •• rtndlowh.IPauluy,,"lf.nyon. th,nhh.i.,omelhingwh.nh.;sno,hing,h.d.·
0' NYSSA:

D,V'''.JUDGM . .. TSHPA RAT RS GOOO PRO'' h 'L.GUGOR' Q.NAZ'ANZUS;JuS!wh.,i.,he .....,kofth•• xe!Th.uci.ionof,h,soulthati.in. cur.blyfruid.... like Ih. ,...,.v.n . f,.r ,h. dung has been.pplied.'" And wh.t does ,h. sword do! n.,wordof'he Word cu's ,hrough d.f.nscs.h does ,he worl< ofscp...,ing,hcworscfrom th. bct,,,.>t h.ctu. l1ycre ..... division be,ween ,h. f.ilhfuland rh. unbeliev
175

n.w Elijah." you who are morc than a proph«. in· .. much.s you saw him of whom you did prophuy. you ,h. m. di .. orof the Old .nd N.w T.... m.nu. Wh.,i.,hi.l",ch..!hi.pr«i •• lylh.m....g.of Ih •• d,'.n,.,h. incarnation. No on. c"n m.ke i, h"ppen-n.itherrho,,)·«carn. l.ndhabe.in Chri.. nor'ho .. who .... kintoJohninspiri'. ONTHZHol" L'GHT5.0 .... T'O .. J9"I'"

7:8 I Sb,,/l Arilt THB W'U TO R, n. AMnos., The f.ll of infir· mi,y is no'gra •• iffree from ,he d«i ... of,he will. H.v. Ih. wiU ro ri •• _H. i,., h.nd who will c.u.. you ,o,i... E~ POS ITIO" ON "HE PSALMS 37"1."

B "' ~J" G D,VI .. ~ J UDG .. B.. TOFOURS'N S. BA.,lTHBGu AT:W•• om.rim •• bearill n....s. punishmen, for sin intended fo, O~r com·ngyou. • nd ..,m.ha•• di.d.Bulifw.wouldjudg.ourselvrs. w•• hould notbejudged.w.... ch •• ti ..d by ,he Lord tha< wc be no,con.umn.dwi,h ,h,world ."JO Con'<"<Juently. when w. who belong'" rhi. dus h••• r..ogniud Our
"(;.J6<J. PJ.lol2_ ~~I"oI6(1" ' 1 6U141!J(1#.9UlS(91, 16U
"lnIM.


",rtan,s. THE loNG Ruu.$ SS ...

h,mu,fMw"Ulmlghtya.!.,,t MWIC p",,,,naolhlS

7:14-20 SALVATION OF ISRAEL

"S btpbuJ IbJ p,opl, wilb Ib] lI~fJ. Ibt flock of IhJ inbtfil~nCt, ",bo d"'tll ~/ont in ~fOrtSI inlbtmidllofofardtnlud; Itrlhtmfmlll'lBolh"n an dCiltad 4Is'''lhtdDJsofold. "Asrn Ibtd4lJl ",bt,,]owramtOlllof1b, '4Indof EllPI 1 ",iIIshowtbtm'morvtlollslbingl.

",o"gbo/ds, rbtJ,baUtllrn in JruJto thc LORD 011.

God, andlbt]sballftarhuaIlSloftbtt. "!Nbois"GoJliltt ,btt,paNolI'"grn'<jIlI/] andp4llSingoVC"rrralls,![Ttssioll forlbtWllnantof"ili"btritanct! Htdotlnor rtlainbilangnfortvtr buallltbtdtligbtlinsludfalllovt. " Htwi1!againbav,mmpollionupcnuJ. bcwilllr.adollriniqllititlllnJtffool. T"ow willC"11 all 011"" sim intDlbtdtPlbIOfl",I,a. M-rbo ll wihlbowfailhflllntsllojacoh a"dluadfalllovtlOAhrabam,

" Tbtnationllballsttandb,asbamtd "faUtbti,migbl; IbtJsbaUlo]lbtirhandI9llIb,irmolllbs;

IbtirtarllbaUbtdtoJ "lbt]lboUlitk,htdlllrlik.4Istrptnl, /ik"hcra",linglhing,ofIIJttarrb, Ibt] sball comt Iwnblingolll oftbtir

"I 1"41" "OSII",Grn IDGllrf4llb"l

from IhcdaJl oJold.

Ova.V ' KW' Th~ nodu. f,nm Egyp •• nd .he promi.e ofboing shown m.rve!nus rhing. il r~' vul~d in ,h~ Mw Covenant. The Egyptians w~,~ a .ypcnf.,n.ha.lnp.i. md,owned .• hple by implor· ingupon.hem'mpolS,bI.rul~sandr~ula.ion •. Ch"Jf·.abilrtr'o,~kcawayunrigh",ou .... lSwao for .. nldby,hep,nph~I(CH.YSO$TOM). In lufferrng ..... 11 nn,.odt'pairan.d,h,nk thatGodh .. alnn.donedrh~luffeur.hilth. dt",lwhnll'ry,ng,odue,v<.hebohev
176

pl.n"n&gru~

dnuln (A ... "",,_). The .un,c of ",I.

".'ionmullbogiv
,h •• i.,h",.whodnMtlov
T ... E"o Du. P... ,GD ... B... T,. ... Auau'· T'''l.:

Hur what i •• v~n moI"e W<>I1d~rful, thallh.

h,dd~n.nd.",I.dmysl
",,~"'lIKd~g,eerevul.dby'h.a""'.ntproph­

.... Fo,Moc:.h,lKproplK,"poIt.,hu•. ·A•• o,d. ,ogro,h.d'l"0(l"'urconl,ngou,o(Egyp, .. iUI ,/IQ.. un,ohinlnlarve!Qul(hingl: ... Ou,"nl .... ""u .. helnl.d. ndcxll ngui'hedlnb.pmm. J.., .. ,h.Egyp,i.ntwcr
7:18 Tb. SIt~df~JI, Loving God

G.," A~ON . H .u

AIITHO.U... Y TO fOll"' VI

S"... CHRY50STO'"forwh .. w""J.,ul·d.· u.."o .... ,dl·Norrunc.nforg, ••• 'nl,bu(God aIonc:'ln.. much.h.cn .. th.cy.h.nlWlvnb,d down,hlldcfinlUon.,h.y,h.crnocl .... ,n,roduud thc ru1 •• ,h.yth.mICI ... dcd ...d.h.law.H. thcnpr« •• ded.o.n,.ngl.,h.mbymunlof kcl"'u~·.nd Ih.cn Ind,c'''''Ihllopur Godl"' \Vh.n w•• ufJ".. scv'''p"n w' mu" ,h.:nbcw... ofhi. ,.mpu,iono. for h. iJ "y,ng lud aslC"Y ,he w ... y sou!. S<:eing ,he wondcrful wo,k.ofGod. ,h. ",ul .. ill behold iu.lfal,udy .. ,fin huv.n.w"h ,he d.v,l crup,ng.round hk.aln~kcon'hc""h.Thu.'h.p,ophCl ..id. ·\VI>o,".Godhkcyou.p.ardonms,n'qulty .."d p>II'ngo....... nJg ....ion for ,h. rcmn.n, ofh"

'0

,~hcttl.nc.!"l.TTU+S.·

A. GOD fOR .. ' ''U, So \ VB FO RUI" •• O.,GI .. : \V•• houldgiv•• ,u nie'oon.whohasnon.... 1I Whoi l, h.pctlonwhod"".no,h ..... 'uniclh il On' who u" ..ly iack. God.Th...for.... .houldd,..... ou .... tv...ndg,y. '00". who '" n.· ked. On. has God; ano,hcr do.. IlOl han God at all.Wes,vt,o,h.oncwhoOOcsno,h.v.God. n.p"'ph •• 'nSC.ip'u ..... Y'.·W.ahouldc... ou'"n.in'o,h.d.p,h.of,h....:.!ohncon"n· uco, ·H. who ha. food .h.,uld do likew".... Whoev.. hu food .hould give .om. '0 on. who h.. non •. H •• houldgcn
h. ,,11. ,h.

,8.8."

'NPNFlt65I).S'. 'Mltl=]. 'r--.'I'N"'tJ,r. 'MI<'"o.M.oI 1::11 ' R ; _ 'U).I1. 'K-. 'l\ltIO(:f"OUOl~ ·CU"l~(lI,wUOl~'"fC46
NAHUM

O "n"' MW, Nahum (Heb na~~",) i. very likely a ,horler version of the name N.humi.h, whi~h mean. ·Yahweh comfo,,,: AU we know .bout N.humi.hi.n.me.Hei.cal!edtheElkoohitein ,eference to. town not mentioned anywhett elk in the S"ipturc•• ndwhose loc.,ionto,hisdayis unknown. Thelx>ok i. numbered ,eventh .mong •h.MinorProphe".N.huml:Z·lOis anincom_ plete"",o.. i~p$almd ..c,ibinga,hcophanyand judgmentof Yahweh. Jn/':Jah um 1:11. 13·]4 one find. numcrous ,h,ea" made again" A.. yria fol. lowed in ~onrrao' to promi,.. '0 Judah. N.hum 2:1,1·13dese.ib<s,h e l>ckingofNin.vehand ,h.ok refers '0 ,hecap'u"and d..truction of Nineveh by ,he Babylonian.anJ Med •• in 612 B.c..culmina,ing • camp.ign tha, began in62, to overthrow the A.. yrian Empire. The book k.m ••o be la.. , ,han663B.C.,thed.,eof,hed.... uctionof ThebcsbytheAnyrian •. bu,nol ..ee,han609 B.c..markingthtd.athofJo.iah Although Nahumi.amongthe.hortestof,he

l78

Minor Prophets. thi. f.ct did no,inhibi,.he church fa,hcrs from cxploi'ing ifS rich conlCnt, as did ,he New Te"amen, w,ite ... There i. a dit
'pa.d... D' V'N. Rn.," uTJON Tow.. ..,,, N' N.". H. THiooollUoFM"psu.sTtA:Whil.,hep,oph« jon.h t
N~HU ... 1NT~ODUCTION.'

1:1 IS GOD'S PUNISHMENT OF NINEVEH

'An oNd. con"r"i"g Ni"!v!h. Tb! book of ,Ilt vilion of N~hwm of Ellto,h 'Tb. LORD il ~ jt~low, God ~"d u'"g'"g. ,b. LORD iJ A~."gillg ~lId ",rGlhf"l; LOUI 1~1t" ~'lg'''"c(OIl bil "dVtrlllritl Alldltupl ",rMhfo,hil.ntmitJ. ' Tb. Lo~o illlow/04I1g" and ofgrta, migbt. And ,b. LOlO will by 110 m."nl dur Ibt gw,bJ.

,&.

darkntH. ' Wba,doyowploragAlnJrrhrLollo! Ht will malt. afwll.nd; br w,llnol ,altr v.ngtancl On I", fMI.' ,eLitr.n,,,ngltd,bornllbty,,,,roIlJ,,m.d.'

,w".

Iik.drJllubbl •. " Did on. not' comt ow,from JOw. ",ho ploll.d .vil agAinlt ,h. Lo~o.

AlldroWllltl.dviI/AinJ!

UTh"1 I"JI lb. LORD. -Tbowgh,b<]btllrongAndmonJ!

Hilw"1iJin wbirlwindalldllorm. And ,b. doudl art ,b. dWII of~il fw.

,btJ ",i1/b.cut 0fJAndP"JI "wA1. Tbowgh I haVtAffiiCltdy"u. Iwil/"ffiiClyow nomorr " And "0'" I will bruk hil J0ltr from ofJ JOW alldwillhTIIJourbolldlaJulldrr.' "Th. LOllo bal glvtll command",.n, ~bowr

'H. r.bwlttl ,bt itA Alld mah, U dry. btdri" up alllht riVtrl; BOlh,," A"dC"rmt/",ilhtr. rbtblo"mofLtba"ollfadts. JTb.mown,,, inl 'lwalttbtfartb,,".

,&tbillsmtlr,

JO'" 'Nomorrlh"IIJowrno",tbtpt'pt,uAI.d; jromtb.howltojyow'godJ/wil/,.,ofJ ,b'grav,n imag
rb ••arrb il laid ",ambtf0rt b,m. rb. ",orld""dalltb,,,dwtll ,bmin.

' Who can lta"dbtfor!hil illd'gIlA/ion~ Who cAII'lldwr.lb.b.at ofhil ""grr! HilwrA,hilpow"dowrlilttfirr.

a"dtbtrodrJ"rrbrotr""JundrrbJhi",. ' Th. LOllo ilgood. A mOllgbold ill Ibtday of,rowblt; h.howltholtwbo,aittr
A"d ",iIIpurJw.biJ.II.mitJ inlO

179

'''B.bold. on ,IK mo",,'ailll ,In ftn ofb,m ",b.lbringl goodlidingl. wboprod,,;mJpta,,! Kttpyow,'raJlI.OjwJah. j"lfilyowrvowl. jornrvrrag .. in !han ,Ilt wicktd '~mt agA,nJ/yOW. b.i! ulltr'Jcw, ofJ·

Ov ..v, .... , Nahum', 'ond•• gain" Nint.th'i, through thegrac. of the Holy Spirit. whostiud the mind of rhe proph... re •• alingh,ddtn thIngs (THt;OOO~.). Go.h forg,.en ... i, unmeri",d; ,h ... fo", ,h..ei. no room forptni .. n".op.ide ,"'mJeI.u(ju o.t.}. Ou.ofhi'p"';encc.ndlov· ,ng!r;indne" •• heLordd.I'Y'punoshmen.of.in· n""in.n.".mp ••ob"ng.hem.oreptn,ance. Howtv",.if.htydono ... ptn ••• l>c:puni.hmtm i.ccrt.in ( TH_~). Th. proph ... of ,h. Old T." ..... ntfo ..... w.h •• bili,yofJ.." • •ow.lkon w...... hereby dtmon" ... ing hi, lortbhip OWe • 11 ,,,,.don. Hi. w.lking on wa.e. wu N.hum·1 ,.buk.of.h.st•• ndmaltingi.dty.oo.o.ptu, '0 w.lk on (TIUl1.UAN). God i. no. unm .. rciful. (On.rHY'O wh.t .he h.... i" ..IU' (O~Ic.dmon"'on ofN.humtok"p.h.r..... i•• loo.caJl.o Chti .. iont "I.bra'" .h. pu
,0

Oa.o.cu. ANO V' "0'" •• 0 .. TH' HOLT S .'JUT. T"~ODO.1 of MO~SU UTIA: Som.thing ofthi. kindi • •h. muning of th. word orult: in hIS wish rogivt.h. proph.toan illSlghtoh.n pro· dutli •• ofrap.un.Godcaustda.uddtntran,Kw. m •• ionoftheirmind.o.h •• whil.in.hi. condttion.h.y might r«.i ••• h. knowlcdge of .l>c:fu,u •• w"hdttptrfta..H.eal!si,·oracl • ..htn. Slnc<,hegrac.oftheSpiri.,uthough.udd.nly .. kingholdof.h.proph.t'lmind ...anl· fo.m~ i. w"h •• i.w.., .h. ", •• b ....... of wh., was '0 bo modt de ... H.,. ... ying.'" ... me .hmg h.... <00: ',n orad. of Nine. eh,. bookof.he.i· ,ionofN.hum.h.ElkOlhi,c.- •• if.ouy.• h.. proph.. ·• mInd w.. , ,,dd.n[y stl:t«l by.h.gr..:. of .h. Sp"" and "an.fo.... cdooas.oronttm. pl .... ho •• thing. through which h.l.arnedof ,h.r.«ofNin •• th.ndwhichh.providtd.ohi, ['..en..... ,n... uCllon'nwh •• w.. IIh_n.o h'm. CO"'U"T.. U 0 .. N .... " .. I.,. '

'80

1:3 Th. LOtd Will Not

EXGII~rat.

th. Guilt]

Do NOT BOAIT E •• N ' N fO .." ' UN .... Juo .. ., And ag .. n: - I will ...... bli. h my co...,. n.n.wi.hyou, .ndyou.h.llknow tha,l.m Lo.d.,h •• youm.y .. mtmN.andbotonfounded .nd m.y no mo .. opt'n yo'" mo".h 1>«0 .... of yo".confu.ion,wh.nl.h.llboplCifi.dto ...... rd yo"for.Jl.h .. yo"h ••• don ....ys.h.lo,d God:' Thu< i. il durly indicated by .h... .1,.",,: word. wh .. was mean, in ono.h,. ploee by ,he ..... m~n. -And .hough d •• n.ing you h~.h.1l no, ..... luyoui nnoun': ' E•• n.h.ju ... being ... .. 01t
WAU '" '' 010 \VAT ..., P Il.O' CT~D. TUTU l ' ., .... : lfi'i.(M ..eion·.JCh"... h.. i,m .. n•• h~ wlllno.bol1rong...han.h.".~.n,"of.h. C ... ,o •.' lwouldh ••• boen conten, ..... nh.heu·

.dlpltllhav.,hownyoU .. lfhou ... dding.ny' ,hmg(ue,h.e.Bu,h ..... prcdiClionof[Chrilll .,.,Jxlngon,hcw.,erprecede.hi,.dven,ao ...1I.Theword,of,h.p.. lma.e,inf.. «.JCcom. ph'hed by Ch,i,,', cfOI01ng ov •• ,h. Wt •. ·Th. L..d:U.Y' ,h. p... lm .... "11 upon nuny w.· ....." When h. ocottcflIUW'VU, HaNHu~·. .."rdl ... fulfilledwhu.h."ys,·'€I".,inglhe .......... h.w .. lkJ ... Wh.n .. hi.,.buke,h •••• lIu!m.d.N .. humi.allo ...ifi.d: 'H••• buk.. tht ... ·ndm.ke.i'dry: ...cr.ning'o.h. .,,,d.,h.. h,ddisturbcd,h..... A""'NST /oboe,o .....o."

1:9 God PWllidm Only Dlitt GOD', M...cy O"nNo l oAc"'NST H u-

0.,.., ... :

If'C'. Ac<:or
1:14. I SCuUillgOff l4ol,udK"pirlg Fu.ES

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