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ApPENDIX: EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS AND THE DOCUMENTS CITED
CHRONOLOGY
BIOGRAP H I CAL SKETC H ES
BIBL I OGRAPHY
•• • •••
••••••
177
183
•••• ••
' • • •••
193
AUT H ORS / WRITINGS INDEX
••••••
SUB1EC T INDEX
201
' ••• ••
SCRIPT U RE INDEX' ••• ••
20..;:
185
G B NE R AL INTROD UCT IO N
n.. Ancimr O>Mian Cornnwllrary on Striprurt (herufrer Aces) is a lWCllry..ight
O'OIumt
patriJ.ticcommalW')'on Scripturt.. The patriltic ~riod, the time of the fathen of'mechurch.lpani the e.... from Oemelll of Rome (fl.c. 95) 10)ohll ofDam.lICUI (c.645...:. 749). TMcommentary thus CO¥'
pour tcehnology.1! Kt'Va at. a pountial modelof' an evolving. promiling. teehnologiallr pragmatic. meolopcally inugno,ed method for doing ruarch ill \h( huro"}' of' cngesis. Thr purp<>K of' thi. gcncralimroductiontomeserieailtopreumthi5appro.:lchandac.countforitsmethodoJogiaJpran. This IS a Jong..:ldaya! uoigrumn. in biblical and hismricaJ scholarship' rrintrodudng in a COlI",,· nient form key tcxts of early Chrilliall commentary On the whole ofScripturt.. To that elld. hisrorians. lnnJlarors.cligiul,echnician$, andbiblialandpalrisnc od>o!.arshawcoUabor::nedilltheruk of praenting IOrthc fint time in manycenturia theM: tau from mearly history ofChristl&ll Ue·
gesis.
He~
the inte,p~ti"" gloSlU.
~netratillg
reflections. debateS. contemplatioru and dclibcra·
lions of urly ChristiaN. are orderal venc by ven.c: from Gellesis 10 Ikvd.ation. Also included arc
patri$tic comments on the d.etnemcanonical wrirings ( ... metimes r:alled the ApocTyph.a) that
~re
considc~d Scriptu~ 11)' the Fathers. Thi, il a fuU·.scaJe duoic commentary On Scripture consilting
of Kkctions ill modem transbtion from the ancient ChristWl writers..
Tnt Ancient ChrutW. Commentary on Scripture has th ..... goals: the rencwal of ChrlS'l&II prr<>
wish to think with me urly church about me anonial ten. and the lCimuJ..tion of Chruri.an historicalbibLcaI.thcoIogiaJ andputoral~""'"lrdfurthe,
IJM!Wry"in.om..mpruralinrer· pretation.of mean""n,Chrisdanwri.en. Onearop.agetheScripture.cxri. ucompaniedbythcmos.lKMe........m)· rcm.orksoflu)'COfIKft $.w cngnltS of the early O>risrian Ct:II"","- This fomuJ arrangemen' follows app.....,im.ow)' the lraditional partcmof'lhepublilhedluuo£theTalmudanetme invention of printing and o( the
:U>- orJ'......... thalprectdedprilllillg.' 'S"'O'-J .. T........ w i l - i r _ ..... __ J..,........-.n..T_ ... _ _ _
Tbett is an emerging &:I, nood among dlverse Christian commu""ua m~, these tUU be accurately ..,coverN and studied. Recent biblical Kholarship has so foc:wcd anention on post-Enli,t"enmen, historia.llnd1iter~rymn:hods.thuithuleftlhi,longingLargelyunallendedandurucrviccd.
Aftn yea ... of quiet gestation and ..,fleaion on the bare idell of I plt.i,tit commen,a...,·, a feasibil · ,ty consultation ,,'u drawn togemu 11 the invitation of
0..,,,, University
in Novem be. 1993 in
ne. This ",ri,.. emerged from du., conswution and 'lI ensuing .fuaw;ion.o. Enen · &;..., funhcr (OnSwcJ.[ions we.., underuken during 1994 and rlw:rcafter lI\ Rome, Tiibingcn, Oxford, Washington,
Cambndge. AthtJU. Alaandna and btanl».d, _king me advice of me m05! rompetcnt intema· tional KhoIan in rlw: his,oty of ucga~ Among disdnguished Khol~rs whoconmbll,ed wd'IC urty layen of the consull~dve procc.. wc •• leading wdun on urly chllret. hi, mry, hCTnten"",i,,, homi· led" , hiAlo'}' of cxtg""is. 'p. emo.k theology and pastoral theology. Among kading internat;onal authorities consulted early on in the proj«t design ""'.., Si. Henry Chad",ick of Oxford: Sish0p5 Kalhnos Wan of Oxford, Rov.·an WoIll" .... of Monmouth and S,ephm S)'1cu of El)' (all form" patrisna prckuon at 0d0rd or Cambridge); Profeswn Angelo Oi Bcnrdino and Bui! Sruder of the Pal"",,, lrurirute ofRame; and I'Toftsoon Karlfri«l Froc:hl,cn "nd Brucc M. Mct::gnofPnn« • •on. They _re uccptionally helpful ;n map'"' our I..t of voIllme cdi"..... Wc an: cspccWIj' indebted to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholon'lC... and Ed ... ~rd IdnACardinal Cauid)' of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Ch,;",i"n Unity, the Va~ian. for Ihcir blessing, stead), Auppon , and wi.., ooun..,1 in de'""'ioping and adv~ncing IM Orcw Univcni'}' Pam$lic Corn· m~nuryl'Toject
Tl'IC OUtcOfm of ~ fe:wbilil}' COrllwtaOOrll "·U genem agrccm~nt thal iM project ,,-as pm. l1IIusu.ai ugcrncss m set OUt upon tht f""':itct. ,·aIid.o ,ed b)' a to commit •..Juablt Timt m accomplish ,t. At iM J>lce of three or four voium" per year. the commentaty 11 ta'1"'ted fu,- completion ""thin the first d ecade of the m il· foundlr needed, accomfWUCd by an willingness on the J>lrt of many lennium, Thi. se.. i" stands ull.lpologerkall)· as a practical homiletic and devotioll.lJ guide to the earliest layers of dusk Chnstian rt:aci,nll' of biblical tuu. It intends ro be. brief compendium of reil .....
0"'" on parricular Stpruagin•• Old Larin and Ne..' Tcstament teXU bj'iMirariicst Ch riJtian ;n,(1" prcrcn. Hen« " is not a COtnJIItfttar')' b)' modem .undarch. but " is • commenW}' nandardsof thoae who anteceded and formed the wis of the modern commentary.
Manl' useful contemporary idloWiy drom art und~rway and art conmbu.ring 'ignificand)' ro the r«OV.ry of ,tau;.: Christian ten.. Notable in English among thut. a~ th~ Fau.. .. of the Church Un i~nicy of Am.n.:a Pr..,), Ancient Christian Write .. (Paullst), Cilttn:Un Studits (Cilterrian Publications), TheChurch'. Biblt (Etrdmaru)_ M_goof ch. Fame .. of me Oturch (Mic:hacl Glazic.., liturgical Prest.) andTau and Srudits (Cambridge). In odlttlanguaga.imilar
..,ries (utholi,
tA'Oru an: conopicuouoll' found UI SouKca Oorm.nllC$, Corp.u Ooristianonun (Seriu Graeca and Latiruo), Corpw Scriptorum Chrisrian01\lm Ori~nulium. Corpw Scriptorum Ecd..wticorum t.orinorum, Text. und Unr.rsuchungtn :ur Gachichtt d.r a1",hri.dimtn UU'ran1f. Die gricch;'. chcn christlim.n SchrilUt.U.r,Patrologia OritnwiJ. Pauologia Syriaca.. Bibliom::a p.a, ....rica..L4 P.ra da ... b for, CoIuruo di Tcsti Patnatici,
I..trru~
crUlIllfI. lkU. origini, L.mure crisrian. del
pnmomillcnruo.CuItura crisua... anria, Thcs.aunu Lingua. Larinae, ~ LinguuGnecac: and the Ctttdoc ..,rics, whim offi:rJ in digiw IOnn the voIu ..... of Corpw Chrisnanorum. The Ancitnt Christian Comm.ntary on Scripture builds On ch. JPl.ndid work of all thut. ltudi.., but
foc:u.ou prim.orily and modestly
on the
recov.ry ofpaui.oric biblical wisdom fOr con.cmporary
pruching and by apiritml I"ormation. Digital Resea rch Tool ••"d Result. The volume editon
ha~
been IUpportc
identified th .... classic ccimn,.nts b)' pcrformingglobal .... rch .. oftb. Grc.k and Latinpatristi, corpus. The,.
ha~
..,arched for.msc taU in th. Thcs.aurus Lingux Graccac (Tt.G ) digiuliud
Greckdatabasc.tbeCtudoceditionofm.Larinu:n:sofCorpusChrurianorumfrom m.un .... de
m.
tn.itement ekctroniquc des documents (Un,vcnit" cath.oliquoe de Lou,-ain), Chadwyck·HeaI~ llatrologia Latiruo Oaabasc (Mignc) and the Pacbrd Humanitia Institu.. !.ann dal3bascs. W. h,Vfc also utiliud rh. CD· ROM surchabl. v.nion of m. Early Church Fath.n.of whidt the Dw..· University project ...... an early cmponsor along with the Ekctronic Bible Sod«}·. Thi. ha. resul,ed in a plethon of raW G~ck and Lann ,anul materials from which the voIum. editonIuVfcmaded.ucrim.inating chota$.l lnthis.-aytheprojtctofficcha.alreadrsuppliedlOeach voIumctditor'a5ubounrial rc..ad ...... t of Greek and La,ingioNco, up/anationJ.obo<: ....·a,ionsand comm.n.. on each ,'cne or pcrio>pc ofScriprurc
-J-a..--------
oi u
ha.< in fact made the gnde of 01,1' selection muria. But such is the poignant work of the "'Ienin. Or of any compiler of a compendium for general uu. The inunt of tM exerc~ is to achieve brevity and eoonomyof upl"U$ian by exclusion of ex
.... ge •. \VIletc ...... ~, an efficient and co,,·eA"«otive deploymen, ofhunun Tt...,u" ... and an abundance of potential material for future studies in the hi,
couldhardlrhavebttn
produced. short ofa ,'..,.,my ofr..u"hers workingbylaboriou
&Om'
.. orcd·memor), hypertut IQrmar. We con
At: chap.ers of all sixt)··.ix book> of the traditional ProtCSCOnl canom~al corp"" "al'e reu lved
dolii>erate oroc.:..ional p.;I"is,ic uegctical or homil.,i, t .... <men,. This ocri .. also ind ucie. pa";", , commencorr On 'Uts not found in the Jewish canon (otten designated the Apocrrpn" ar ci eutoroca· non;caJ writings) but that were included in ancien: Gr..,k Bibles (th. Sepruagint l. Tne~. I~ts. almough no:pre"seir m e sam e tcxuin each tr:>di,ion. temain parr of th e rec,,!:,ni:ec ,,,non ,o: Iil.
Roman Catholic and Onhodoz rradiriom.. While SOme booIu of Ihe Bibk a..., rich in wne·br·vene p;nrin;c commenta.ries (nolabl)· Gene·
5;'. PJajnu, Song of$olomon.lsaiah. Matthew.john arw:! Rontan$). the..., are many othen du, art lacking in ;n"","" (ommena"", from this earlypcriod. Henu W1: have not limited our seard.es [0 these IOrmal commm=iao. but sought a1lusiolli. analogies. crosJ
aI
Origen. Cyril of Alaand.u. Theodoret of Crr.
John ChryaD$IOIn,jerome. Augustinc and Bede) and from ochei' literary genru. Oue of a lunm of rnulnng raw ""'Ierull. the O'OIume edJtofS ha ... been in""ed looclec:t the bcs:.. wilat and mO$t rq>lUCllta.ti... refl,ctions of ancient Chriatian wnren on a gi... n biblical paauge For \\'hom b T hi, Co mpe ndium Duigncdl WehawchoscnandonlertdthtiCsckctionsprimarilrforagenerallayreadingaudienaof"""J'fD' ~
who srud)' the Bible reguIarIj' and who urnest!y wiah ro have dusic Chtiman obscr....
IIOIU on the tUt
tead~)'
a'-.ilabk ro them. In vud)' difFcnng culrural ...rnnS'. comcmporary la)'
readen are uking h"",.. Ihq· mighl grasp the meaning of oacrcd "",.. unOltontglmtherigorouJreqwrcmencsarw:! nttda of :IoCIdanoc ruden who up 10 now hll"t had l tark/r hnuccd fClDUtceS and compendia in the huwrrof uegesis. lhe .. ri.., which is being cn.rulatcd intO
om bngwp ofhalf the WOrid'l popu'
lation. i. designed ro ~ public Lbraries. uniwnmes. cl"OA<:Ulrurallrudics and hi"oricaI infCusa worldwide. It unapologctically daiml and ""ctU its due and rightful place aJ a .ta.ple source book forlhthinoryofWel1em!ite<arurt Our varied audiences (la)'. puronJ and academic) are much broadt-t than the highly lechnical and spccialiud schobrl)' 6dd of patnl1>C ""diu. TheJ' are f'>Ol limiced
to
uniw ..... q- scholars con·
CCIIlralingon the arud)'ofthe hinorl' oflne IJ'Jnlmission ofthccuc or co m..... with h>gh~'~ mCert.Jts in taNal mo.phology- or hi.roncai-crillcal issues arw:! ipccularions. Though thac ",main crucialconccmlfor ipccialilts.the),arcno!!heparamounlintel'Cllofehet<\itorsof the Ancicnt ChnlCian Commentary On Scriptnr~. Our work is largd), tatg('tcd ttraighta,,·a)· for a puronJ alldi · cnceandmDtt~~'loltarg.-:faudienuoflaity..t.o ...an![Ordlcctandmedita.tcWlthth.carI)'
church abou: the plaIn
5c1Ue.
theolopcal ,,'IJOoIh. and mor::aI and Iplnrua! murung of particuia:
There art .-arious legiumatt competmg vISIOn' 0: how ollch a patriaeic commentary should be dewlopcd, each of which were carefull)' pond.red in our ieuibilit}" 5flId)' and its
follow.u~.
\-Vim
high rupeet project has
<0
~cn
alternative conceptions, there are compelling reasons why the Drew UnivcrJity conceived as a practically ~lc commenury addrcMCd firsl of all
to
infonned lay
rcadc:n and mOre broadly to pastors of Prolestant. Catholic and Onhodo" rnLditions. Onl)· in an ancillary way do wc ""vc in mind as our p;trticul.ar audience the guild of p;ttrUtic academics. although we wekome their crirical U&eSlment of Our m.thods. If WC succeed in serving lay and pas
toral reade .. practically and well. wc apect thcs.c: lens will aJ.ro be advanug<'ously UoN by collcgt and IW'minarycouncs in Bible. hermcnculics, church history.hislorical theology.ndhomilerics, siru;. th.y arc not easily acccssibl. oth.rwise. The series seeks to offer to Chrisrian laity what the Talmud and Midrashim have long offered 10 Jewish r,aden, Thcs.c: found.arional $Ourc•• are finding their way into many public school
mediution and spirimal formation. Thcs.c: communities.rc uking for primary $Ourc. le" .. of spirimal fO"",,"I;on prcs.c:med in accessible form. well-grounded in reliable schobrthip and de
pretatiolUofancientexcgtlcsone.a
to
:umO$t nom
ingbymtnincteenlhcenruryandhasnoruntilnowbeenrevitalizcdinthispo$tCTi1lcal situalion. Ironically. it U wimin our own $O-cilled progressive and broad-minded ce nrury that mese len.. havr bttn more sy,,~nu.ically hidden aw.y and ignored than in ""y prtviow century ofChtistian scholarship. With all Our historical and publishing compercru;ics, .hue tex .. havt bun rcgrc""blr d(nied to hare .. of Christian preaching in our rime. thw revealing
thed~ticbiascs
of mode,.-
My (modem chauvinism. narunlism and a,nonortKlUl individu.alam). N;netetT\th.and~nri(th-cmruryu~lwfnqU(ntlrdUplayNaphilosophiaJ blasroo<m
narundistic reductionilm. MO&t of the J>&rticipmts in the ACCS
pro;ea haw: livtd through douns
of iterations of these crel .. of [jurary and hisrorical criliciJm. ",dong earnestly
(ro1.IbI«I ...·'un of asscnw;\ ~~n and trc..w within acadmtk criticism. Prud>cnha..., atttmpWII<> Wgutand utiliuthcacapproacha.yethavtofunfound the ouf£OmeS daappointing. l"be..., is an increa:I:ing awat'tRCSI of the ap«Ulariw: ucusu and the .pinru.al and homiletic Iimit300ns of much f'06'·Enligh.enmen( cri.iciam. Meanwhile the: motifs. mtrhods and apprna<::hts of ancien. uegeIes haw: ...,main.d ahockingl)" unfllttiliar no. onlrrnordaintdckrgy but I<> oth ....... ;"'highlylit.tat.biblical$Cho~"'.ttain«l uhaUlIi...,ly in the m.thods of lCitntific criticism. Amid the VUt t""gcrical Labori of rh. Wt two ctn[\l~ the :oru::ient Qu;"ian utgt'tU have ,ddom b«n revisited, and then onl)' margin.>llj' and cit.n t.nd.:ntiowJ,.. W. haw: clear and indisputabkcvidcnoc of the: prevailing modem contempt fur dauic uegais. namely m..t the ut.",.;w: and once lWthoritatlw: da.uic commtnUrle$ on Scnprurt W1l ",oWn unrran$lawl into modem languages.. Even in Chma this Iw not happened ", dauic Buddhm and Confucian rommcntarieo.. This "Y"Ctn.lrX mndem ICholarlj' neglect is S«tl nOI only among Protuun .... bUI all<> is wide· Ip...,ad among Cathnlics and cy.n OrthndOl:, wh • ..., ironi<:aUr the Fath.", art 5Om.,im., piousl)'
puron ha...,
~ the
... n.raudwhiknolbeingen.rg.riallr ..... d. So twO powerful complcm.nu.ry conumpnrary f"orra are al work rn dr:aw OUr lar auditnct once
"I!aU. coward these rcru and 10 &et th.m from p"""""" llmiled premisu: Firsl. this stnU IS a rc$ponK .., the dttp hungu for dauicaI Christian ucgcsis and for the his.o!}· of UtgcII1. parUl' ~itlwbnnl<>longncglectod.Stc:ond,thtreisagrowutgdtmoraLi:.ationl1\...,IaIlOntoactual
UKful utgttical OulCOm" of f'06'.Enhgh •• nment historiCllt and n.atur:ali.!ric·...,ductionisl cririciJm. Both of these animating .n.rgi.. ue found among la)" r.adtn of Roman. Ea.1.rn and Pro'Hta.lt Through the
~
of the chronologicalli... and biographICal ~"th( back of ucb volume,
ttadencan Iocau in timc and pIaa: the voica dUplayal in the eugws of a panirular pericopt. The chairu (caltnac) ofinlcrpreurionofaparricularbiblicalpalPgemUlprovideglimr-iNoththio. 101")' of the imtrprctation of a glw:n ...rr. This f'lrttrn
Ius w:nnabk ant«edenu in parristic and
meditval.",tgcsis of both Ea.um and Wesum rntdilions. u """U u impon::anl upressions in lhe ]Y,formariontradi.inn.
Th. Ecumtniclll Rang ( and lnt. nt Rtcogninon of need fer. the Fathers' wisdom ran~ ""er man)' d,WTR Ii:mm of Chruriarut)·. Th;,
has necusi ...,ed ,he (oop,,,.';on of .. hoLan of widdy diven<: Christian communilics 10 accomplish
cm task fainy and in a NLmc:ed "'a}'. It hasb«n a rNjorm.unenic:al un.ckruking. Under rnis d.u.s1C.extuai umbrelL.. this ... ncs brings lovrner in common apint O uurians who have long di .... nctd ,htm..dves from urn o.her through "'JW"te and onen competing church m('Tnohts. LIn
o.thodo>t. Bapnsu Wlrn Roman Cornolics. Rdonned wich Armin,:ms and charlsmaria. AngLcans wilh Pcnteco.sw... high with low ch urch adhere nu. and prcm<>
me... .radlU«lS can. without a sacrifice of in.dlec:t. come togc:lhCT 10 study lens common.o
Ihcmall. Th,"",dassk.ex.. ha,""dec:isivd)'shapedtheenrin:l~uenl hi .. ory ofexcgCl". Pro... · lants haw: a right 10 .he Fathers. Athan;l.i'''' is nOl OWll(d b)' Copu. nor is Augwrine owned b)'
North Afncaru. T'hue nunds a", tht common possosion of the whok mun:h. The OrthodM do no: have exclusive rights O,'er Buil. nOt do Ihe RomaJU over G"'go.,· Ihe Greal . Christims eve!')" whtrc have equal c:latm mmcse rochCland arc discovering them a:u! glimpsin(; their unit)· Inthl bOOyofChron.
From man)'varied Chri$ri.tn t,",ch.ions th .. projec:t has enli.ud u
v~ume
edium a tUm oflea
Ing inferna.ional ",hola.. in ancient Christian writings and the hisl0t')· of exegesis. Among Easlern Orthodoxcontribu.on an: Profcsa.onAndrc ... Louth olDurham University in England and ~ Dragas ofHol)' Croa (Greek 0nh0
cm volume on Ma. ·
ch",· offered b). olic authonn' in the histot'). of e.upis. Manllo Sirnonm:, of me Univenllr of Rome. Among Anglican communion con.ributorl ore Mark Edwords Bishop Kcnncm Ste\VUOO (Fareham. Hampshire. in England),
J.
(O~ford).
Roben Wrigh. (Ne..' YOrk).
Anckrs Bc:rgquist (SI. AIbans). ~ter Goniar (Atlanta) and Gcn.Id Bray (Cambtidgt. England. anc Slrmlngham. Alabama ). Among Lutheran (Ontnbul0n a", Quen!;n Wes.selsch m;d: (5:. LO\ns ;. Phiilp K"'r anc Eric Hecn (Philil
J. Ligon Frank.
Duncan
(H~tfield,
m ( ~, Mississippi ), Thomas McCuIlough
(D,""ville. Kt:ntud
Pcn ... yl~ania) and Mark Elliott (HO)'('
livupool).
Uni~n.iry
The intem.>,iorW .eam of MOOn. ...... ..,Itacd in part 00 «flea mil ecumenical rangt. They wtrt choIen on me prcm.iK
icam voices within it. 1My ru.~ lUrched insofar u possible for mo..., comments mat ..,]f~ndr
would ~ mn", widely received gentnUy by the whole church of all generations. eut and W... Thi l i, no. TO ,uggU\ o. imply ma. all panuric writers agr«. Onc will immediately on upon ...,ading .hae sekaion.c mat within the boundaries of orthodo%).. ma. is. adudingOUlrigh. dl:nIllls of ccwncnically ruciwd uaching. thcrfc arc man)' views poa.ible aboot a pvc:n rat 01" idu;tnr;l mat
preeminen. in in.ernational biblical and pa.nsti<: IICholarship.
and wW: in me, hiJ.oryof acgcsis. Wc have no. been
n.. pro:jcct cdiron ru...., IlrTvcn fora h.gh level oIconsisrcncy ;tnr;Illter:aryqual.ry . - . mc coulV of,his Krics..A5wimrnollJ'f"":i«uolm"son, thecdirorialVliJOflandprncedurua""progy-cw,·dr ~ingrc6ncdand"'arpmedandfcdlw:kinlothecdirorialproc:cu.
HonoringThco logiulRcalOning since;1 ,,,,ndsin the..,mceof the won.hip,ngrommulU!}·, the Aces un.aOuhcdly em~u auciaI ecwncn>ealp«miocsuthefoun.d.ationfo.iumcthodofcdirorial..,Iccrions:...,vcl.ation in his""}" trlni"''''''n roh • ...,ncc,div'n. provid.ncein hi"o!}·,rhtChn'u;I.{1~ . "X"l.ofiJri n (Qnwu ("the rule o(f:o.ith and Ion"), .he mnvertillg work of the Hol)' Spirtt. The.., arc rommOll auumptions of the living communiriu of v.ror5hip that "'" ..,rved br the commentary. I, i. common in this transgcnerarion.al commUlli
me e~rly COf\Jt1Uual
ecIIlMnical WKhers wc", led 1»' me Spirit in their inu:rprctivt. dioru and in Ihelr 'rllUmitring of
me ha::ardi of hIllO<")·. "Tilcse taU auume lOme ],e,"! of IIn;ry and CODlinuiq' of eeumenical COIlSCnl lll in th. m;lld of me believing church , a CO""'n"" mO..., dea"r grasped in
a.'Llnan truth amid
the pal.ill;c period ,han auumpl;oru
[0
~Icr.
W. would be 1_ ,han lrue 10 the nc:n:d lexl if wc allow..! mode."
Ovt.rrun theu prcmiseJ.
An exu:ndcd proJ«"I furl> as this requires a wcU .... dlncd
ob:r«ti~ !ha,..,rvcI
O
illh~n""
lI"I
(on.sta.ntly u the
...n.a: .art of babncc. Th"
ill complui<)' a... rn.lIUged. T lli l object, ...
hu al!Udr been JIImmariuQ in the Inree goah mentiolled at the begmning of .nll int.ooucnon. To al,er '""}' onc of theK goah would. .ignifi: antir alt.,. th. cru.raacr of me whok taSk. W. vie,,' Oil:
work nor only as an a<:adcmic exercise ... ith lcginmalC peer review in the academic community. but al..oasa vocation. a tuk primarily undertaken
:::.O::i:~:;.~~:c~;:~:~:.~~ :~~n:r=:n::::::! ~::i'n;:::~ :~:);:=; Chri"ian .hough•. Th" approach does no< pit theology against critical meo.}": in ..ea.d. i, incorpo· nlles (tltieal rnethocb and brings rhem in.o mordinau: xcountabilllY ... ithin iu ow ... tdI'ng hon,,' IctOf·rheolog.cal·pastoral J"'rpo>$CS- Such .n enduV'Or does nor CI .....O an)· cad..., of mod.... id.· oIog.a.ladv"'aq·. \Vhy Evangelical. Arc Inueuingly Dn ... n To ... ard PUd l l; C Eugui.
SurpruU\g to SOInt.. the 1I'\0I0' exl~l1lIi"" n.... emergen. audirna: forpa.rUric ex~i.u. found .mon!; th. upanding ...-orldwt& aud.enu of "'ang'local rCaMn who 1ft now burgeoning from I h"->' of ...,vn'alum that has often been thought III be hillorica!ly una"'aft. Thi' is a t ... wIion dut has often been cariu",...,d as crincall)" Nck" 'ard and hermeneuticaUy chaUcngt:d. Nov.· B..pni! and Pemec... · tal lai'rare redJsrov.ring the hiswry oflhe Holr Spirit. Thi, iu.clfil ~ra work oflhe Hoh· Sp.rit. A. rl>oM in .hut tradi.ioru conlinuc 10 m....ure. they r«Ogniu tMir need for biblical l"CSOuI"CesthatFOfarbeyondthoscw.havcbeenmad•••..u\.abIewthcminbodlmcl"cO$ocand hmoncal-c Enhghtenment wcrc largclr.grecdin uprcu,ngdisd.ain for patrisri<: and cia"ie forms of (Xcgeail. Vi,aI preach ing and .ugesi. mw, no.... "" ntu..., beyond ,he conltrictions of h15wnaJ-cririaJ work of the cen turr following Sch.....,itur and beyoM the pcnona1exillCnri:aJ Kory ' rclhngofpi«istn. DUring the nme I ha,~ IICrVCd as KNot ~.'" and uccutiv • ...n.M of Cbrut"",,?, T..u,-. ] havc beenpnvi]e~mlurf",mea.,voIan1candu"ting'...'".ea.]th.ubeenform~ {asarhtologianof: Jibe ... J mainli n. communIon) like an ongoin!; $Cminar in learning to .mpathiu .... ith the tcruioru n.ceuitiea andh ungcrl ofthevuthetcrogcneowc,·angelicalaudieru::t.. S\I: wh)· jus, no.... il this ... cd for pa,riltic wisdom fell panu:ularly b)· O\'an1'I,(aI leaden and Iamo; Wh)" ,,-orld...,Qf ..."angclica4inc....uinglyC1en: u~is;V.'h.a: accoun,. for rh" rapid and balic rcvfl"lai of mood among the inherilon of che lrad,tioru of Prmcaan, rcvn-al · "m!!tI.pamrbccaUlt,h.C\·angclicaln'ad"ionh.... beenlongdcpnvcdo:anr '·,talcontactwm: theMe patn.tic &ourcu lIn« ,h. dars oflu.hcr. c..lvin and WtlIler. ... ho kII . ,,· them wet.
=
Thil commmtary iI dediated to allowing ancient Chriltian extgeles to sPc»: for d>tmsclvcs. h will not becorn~ fixo..d unilaterally on conrcmporarycriricilm.lt wm provid<, new ttKru.a1 ffJOur«S for me lay reader, tucbet lnd pastor mat bave lai n inaccessible during the last two <enturi"". With· out avoiding bistorical-airical iuua thathavc a1rady n:ceivcd a:.enJivc cxpIOf"lIticn in our rime. it will_k to make aV3i1able 10 our pratnH:Uy audience the: mulriculrural. oba. on Wues maliuve plagued them for ttnturics:justific:atioa. authoriTY. Chrisrology. uncrific.atioa and eochazolog)" \Vb)" Because they can find in J>ft-Reform..o.cion tUts a common faith to which Chrisu..ns can appeal. And thil is an arena in which ProteStants distinctively I"ttl at home: biblical authority and inlctprttation. A profound yumingbroods within the heart of evangdicals for the recovery oftht hlsmry of enguis as l~forthe~-alofprcadlin£.ThisSCOCl'oKr:nl"C$(lUJQ"S_that~-al.
S.tp. To ... ardS tltcrion.
In moving from u .... da .. fO making ""'nions. the volume editors bave been encouraged to move judicious.l),througbthr«ItCJ>$: Step I: ~"t <WInl Gm*.....! LItl" t""' .......to>ria.. The volume editors have bttn rcaponsibk for auniningme lLM-by-linecommenuncsand homilies on tht reno m.eir voIumccovcn..Mud. of mil material mnains untranslated into Englim and JOme of it mto an)' modem language. Step 2: RMewtnl d'g
in cases when: the reoulu of me digital 1oUn:nes have bttn th,n. Thm the \'OIume edlrOf$ baw de.er. mined from mcoc potential digital hits and from puhlilhed teXU thOle tlut mould be regarded u more scrious pou.ibilifics for indusion. Step 3. MoW""f ..Ittllo,U. Having assembled vcrv-br-vcrv commenn from the Grftk. and Latin digital d.aW>ascs. from cnan. commen<arics.and from a1rud)' tra!Ul.at«\ Englah lIOUn:es. either on d.ul; or ,n pape pnmouu. the \'OIume ccIltoti ha,'. mm "Iccud me 00: commen.. and n:fltctiotu of anom, Chnsn.an ....... teti on a pven biblICal rcr.. follOWIng a~rccd upon critena.. The in.en. iolO ftllp"rtmof'{c... " nrences orparagraphiofpltriSliccommentfhatbe.ln:flectthemindof th. bdie"In~,nun:hontha:pcricope.
The Mc,ho d of M aking Selectio ns It i. wcful
to
provide an erplicit account of procisdy how wc made th...,selectioru. We invite others
ro anemp' similot procedures and compare outcomes on particular p:lA$.O.ges.' We wekome the counsel of oth .... who might roviewour choices and sugges, how they migh' ha...., been boner made We hav• ...,ugh. [0 avoid unconsciomlrbiuingour ..lecri ...... and wc ha""soIicited Counse lrohelp In order that ,he whole projea might umain cohesive. the protocol. for making commenu,.,: sclectionshavebeen joind)·agreeduponandstateddcarlrinad,·anccbrtheeditors. publishers. translators and research , ... nu of the ACCS. \Vha, fonows is <>ur checklist in assembling ,hcs<
Thfol«>",;ngprinciplt.<.! •• ltcti." have been mutu.tllragrecd upon roguide the editots in mak inf spMc. wise. m... ningful ca«n. selections from the ,...., patristic rorp"': I. From
OUt
huge d.ltab .... with iu profuse arr~r of po... iblc comments, we ha ... preferred those
p:lA$.O.gestha,h2veenduringrele.. ance.penctratingsign;fic.aru::e.cTOSSOtlro
calst .. ng'h~nds.:lf.evidentpersuasivepow".Suquir identify the mos, vivid commen" and bring them ,ransl:>tion.
to ~crur~ ..
Wc hope tha, in moS! c.ases selection.< will be pungcnt, memorable, quotable. aphoristic and short (often a ftw sentences or a single paragraph ) rather than e""en.
~It.mpt to
Ih~
belie,'!nf
id.nt;f), con&ensual
s[rains of eX'1:.si< ,han sh«:r s~culuive brilliance or erruic inno,·ation. The 'hought or inter· the pre[ation can emcrge Out ofindividu.al cr
nat
apo$folicttaditiontuch .. andwhatchechurchbelie ..... \Vhatth.consensualtraditiontrusls leaSt is individualistic inno"a!ion that ha.; not yet subdy leam«l wha: the ...orshiping communi,,' Hence"..,~ ..
rcpruent the ccnmJ flow of ~ial conJmIual eugWs. jwt what is untnl is
left for me fair pro&wonal judgment of our ecumenically disringuishccl Orthodo.:. Pr,""manl and Catholic "Olumccditors to disum. Wc ba"" indudccl.. for example. many sdections from among me but COmmcnU of Origen :and Ttrrullian, Dut n01 moat authors' peculiar eccentric:itiu mat ho"" b«n widely di5tTwted by thcancitnt ccumcnkaltradi tion. 4. We have espcc:ially IOUght out for inclusion rho..c: coru.cnsus-baring authors who ha"" been
rdatiwlydisrcgardecirooc:iallocuionorbnguageornarionalit)·. iruofaru thei' work is IUOlWlt with the mainm-eam of an~nt COOKflIual exegesis. This is wh)' _ ha"" sought OUI
spccial c:onsulunu in Synac.Coptic: and Anncnian.
S. We ha"" sought to cull out annoying. coane, gracdcs.. ablurdl)· allcgonar or r..:i:olly offen · sive infCrprctations. But whercour selections mal' haye some of lhox cdgts. _ ha"" supplied foot . notes loaui51reaclcrsbcncttoundemandmeCOl1tutandintcntofthc ten 6. Wc haye constantly $OUght an appropriate balance of Ea.fCrn. Western and African tradi. t ions. Wc ha"" inlCnrionall)' al1empocd to include Alexandrian. Antiochenc. Rom..n, Syriac. CoptiC and Annenian traditions of interprcution. Above all. wc "'lint to p"",idc 5OU/Id.llimubting. rdiabk UtgeslS and inumi",..ing c:oposition of the ten
hJ' the whole IJ'KfI'Um of cbwc Chril'
7. We haye nude a special effort where possible
indude the voices of women' .uch as
to
MaCTina.' Eudo~ia, Egcria. 'Fallonia Bctit;" Proba. the Sayinga of me o.:SCrt Moth ers and othe n; who report the biblical interpretations of women of me ancient Chril tian tradition S. ln order to anchor the: commentary solidi)" in prinury IOUtCcs 10 as 10 allow the: ancient Chri,· .tan wntCrl 10 address us on their own terms. the focuo is on the tera of the ancienl ChriJltan Wrif _ ers dIcmsc]yes. "'" on mookm commen .........· views or opinions of the ancienl wriltfS. We how looked for chow rommmU on Scriprurc ma, will assist the confcm~rr reader to enCOUnter ,he decpcstle"c) ofpcnetrarionofme tutmathasbcenrcachcdb,·is hestinttrprcters lh·;ng amid highlydi""rgc:nturlJ'ChriltiansociaJsettinp Our pUrpo$" is not to engage in crirical specula';"", on IC.t1ual ,·,riants or Itemma of ,he: text . or
mosr di$<:erning COmments of me ancient Christian write .. with a minimum
of di.otracrion. This p'OjKt would bt entirely mi.oconai""d if mought of as a moru:m commentary onpam.tlccommentana. 9. We have intentionally !-Ought out and gamered comments th.u will aid effi:criv. preaching. comments that give US a firmer grasp of m~ pl:ain:s.c1lS<': of me tut. itS aumorioJ intent. and its 'piri· tu.tl meaning for the worshiping communi~" We want access
to
to
help Bible readers and teachers gain read)"
the do:epe!lt reflKtion of the ancient Christian community offaim on any particuI...r tut of
Scripture It would have inordinatdy increased the word count and cost if our intenrio n had been to am.us exhawti""l)' all th.:!.t h:od eVer bten s.aid about a Scriprure tUt b)" every ancient Otr istian wtiter. Rather we have ddibtratcl)" :s.cIK.ed Out of mis imm. nu d.:ota stream the StrOngest patri.ric imer· pretive rcflKtiolU on the.ut and sougllT to do:liver them inaccurate Eng!ish translari on. To refine and develop mue guidelines. we have sought to ..,Ie't as volume editor. eimer patristic. scholars who undeutand the nature of preaching and the history 0 fuegesis.orbibliClI ",holar, who are at ease working with dassical Greek and Latin SOurCes. We have preferred edi· to .. who are sympathetic
to
the nuds of lay person. and pastors alike. who ate generally familiar
with the parri,ticcorpus in itS fuJl range. and who inruitive!y undersrand the dilemma of preach. ingtod:ly. The intcrnarionaland ecdesiasticallydivcr:s.cchara.::,crs.fthisreamofeditorscorte. sponds with the global range of our ,ask and audience. which bridge aJl major communion. of Chri..ianity.
Is the ACeS a Commentaryl
w. have chosen to call our work a commentary, and with good reason. A commen....!)·. in itS plain :s.cnse definition. is "a ~tia of illus.rar;ve or uplalUtory OOt •• on any important work. :u On the Scriptures." C"",mmr." i. an Anglici:ed form of the Latin ,,,,,,mmr.rn.s (an "annotation" or"mem· o~" ona.ubj«:tortextoruriesof.venrs).lnjtStheologi,almeaningi'islworkthatexplains.
analr...sorexpoundsaportionofScriprur •. lnantiquityitw:u~bookofno.esexplai ning some ear· lier work such :u Julius Hyginw'$ comment.ari(s on Virgil in the fint «ntu!)·. )erome menrions many commentators on se<:ular tars btfo", his rime The commentary i, qtpically preceded by a proem in which the qU""tiolU are
~d:
who WtOt(
it; why! when! 10 whomi etc. Commenrs may deal with grammltiw or lexiw problems in the text An anemp' is made fO provide me gi" of me au.hor". thought or moti'"arion. and perhaps to do:aI with sociocultural influences at work ,n the .ex. or philological nuances. A commentary wuall)"
GlNZ ...... I><TIOODUCT10Ol
tUa aKCtion of achsaial tat and...du to make iu muningckar to readers roda)", or pro.a:im.otdy cIcartt,in!uw:withdlecintenlofdw:aumor.
1lM: W... tmlitmlry gmn: ofamunmwyisddinilively WpN bydlechisroryof url)'Chrislian conunmtaria on Saipruf(, &om Origen and Hilary throughjohn Chrysostom and Cynl of AlH-
andria 10 1lIonw ..... quinas and NicoLu of lyra.. I. Leav.. toO much unsaid o.impIy IOU<""'" tha • .m Christian biblical cornnwtwy took a pll:";owJy 1tXQf1. lirerary genn: and rubap<:d i. for Chrillian IHU- Rather il is mon:accurllte lO .... ymat dIec Western lilerarygenrt of mtcommontary (and espt· cia1Iyme biblital commen .... ry) has rarrisricromm ....u.riu as iu demi"" pattern and ptotorypt_and
cl>osc rommtmariu ha"" .. rongl)' influ"",td me whok W... ern conception of me g.oonn: of com menta.r}", Only in !he Ias. rwo cenmri... sinu me dewlopmtn. of modtm his.oricisl me.hods of ctitic:ism, ha"" some .molars sought 10 delimit me definition of a commentary mOll: .. rictJr 10 as to include only hisroriciJt inltt'tll:i-philological andgnmm.otial inlighu. inquiria inroaumor. .b.e and Ktting. or imo sociopoIitic.aI Or ecotIomic: cil'CUllUtanCtI, or Ii.erary anaIysesolgcnn:, m\lctUIl: and funcrion of the: IU!, or queaoom of tutuaI cnticism and n:liabilit)·. TIK ..... ces cd.ton do not Manr UNte readen of modem commenan.. an lCU.dl' 1"'I-ff of om of mrir mOlt ptnlJtem habits of mind, control of the <=< by me inleT""e •• wherebl' me and .....
tat
romes under .he
pow... (valUtl. asiumptiom. predispositioni. ideological biuu.) of me mootm interpretet. This habit iJ bucd upon a ilrger pattern of modern chauvini.m that view, laur critical sourc ... as mon: worthy than ... rlier_ Thil pn:judice unds 10 view the biblical ttn primarily Or sometimes Hdu.ivel), mroughhurorkai-crilicalkrucsxcommodarive tomodernit),. Although...., respta!hut viewsandour volume edi.on arc moroughl)' t"amifulr with contempo· rary biblial criticism,!he .....ces cdiron fTedy take me ",umption mal the Chrisaan carMX1 is.o be respuud as the: church'. "",red <=<" 1lM: 'H':" auwnpriono about iudf cannot be made I.... impor,21U than modem asswnptions 3bout k. The reading church's lite_ 1lM: ce:nlral
ho~
~nd
pracbing of Scriprun: art V1u] ro the
of me ..... ces en.ck.ovor is du, it might
rnnmbu~
in some ,mall
war
10 the rtVit.tlt:ation ofmal lifcthrougfl a rencweddiliCOWt'}' oflhe carlicsl readings ofthcchurrh'l
Scripcur... ..... Ge lltl e C .... u. ror ThO le \¥ho E:rptCI ..... nci.nt W ri te .. . o Conrorm to Mod .. rll If one begin. b)' asauming U lIormariw for a commentary me typical modem Hpreuion of what a col1'U1\tnu'1' is and me precmplive l",thfu1nuo of modern critical methods. m. daY" Christian Hegt'''' an: by definition al"",.. going 10 appear as .bud, q"",int. pn:modcm, hence inadaJua.e,
and in
IOfT\C
mstanc:u ronuc or even mcan-opinud, P"'Jud,ud, unjust and <>pp<eut""- So .n the
in.......: ofhermmeutl: faim ..... " is recommended
m..: the modem rude: n
Christi:ln atg(.u lotdj'
ad>ie~nI
mO
ancIen. ChrUtian wriceri consQndr and on~n indttd camounagcd
chaJlen~ w~t
mod~rn
This s.tt1U d~ noc _k.o
...,soI~c
were lo.er 10 become thac
u~n,
hidden
iWumptiom. the dd.ue bcrwecn the m.riu of ancinu and modern arge'
sis in urn.ut uamind. Romer;. OttJu m• ...,Iy.o pra.:n• .m accrpred commenu of me an""n. "\lcrprtUrswidlalkwdi..,xrio"'alP""'ble..W.willlu""h ... oo:htts ...
~thtmcriaof
100CO' ~,",U$ modcm me,hods of aegaU. But "",n mi, conno'! .... donc adcq ..... rc1r wtmom attn·
.,...,1)' uamining dlfc .au of ancien. ucgcsi,. And until no'" bibJjc.ol scholari ha..., 001 had eu) access ... manr0f
1\01 ~ <0
,,'u recommended
IKI often
li .... in
ICrmI
of iu ,,"...,Lotion, i ..~ 10 practice it in order to hear ;,. as
in the dasaJc tradinon.
Thc palristir modd. of ncgaisoftcn do not ronfonn ... modem _~ttry iW umplions mat tend .n ruin or ....1. ou. chains of ocripruraJ reference. Thuc are oncn deme.oncd u deplorable proof.texting. BUI among .he ancien, Ch..urlan writH' such chains 'o f bib!ical...,krc:nct were very Imporunt in thinkIng about .he ",Xt in relation
.0 me whole teStimony of ucrtd Scriprurc b)' me
analogy offaith, rompanng tut wim ,en, on m. prcmiu c~. Jtr'P' ....... a KI"'P'''''' clCJ'lil~""""' .... ("Scnpruccubco,,,,,pIamcdfrom Scripru,.."). \I/c beg ...,..]us
00' ...
fora: me iWumptoo", of
~riem""nrury
fundamentalllm on me:
ancien. Christian wrilCri, who thcmselVelO knc:,,' nomingof what wc: now CllI fundtRlc:ntalism.1t uncriric.al IOcondudc
.~.
,$
th.)" w ... I;mpl. fundamentalists;n the modcrnsen ... r..,rio.ic ""rge.1S
llOIIlIm. TherwerctonSlantl)" protesnnga mcrclylitcr.ol or p!am.sensc..;....,of th.tnt , alv..." lonkingfOr iu opt"'\laI and moral and typological n..... ncu. Modem fundamenallsm GppO.itel)" dcferwve response branching
0\1.
11.
and awa)" from mod •• n hi5toriciJm, which looks fa. morc like
modem hi«orici.m than ancient typological reasoning. Ironically, m;, makes both liberal and fun · damcntalis, ucgai. much more Iikt each oth •• than cime. arc like me ancien, Chri.,WI ercga ... b.ccauoe mn' Doch .end to appoc:.aI br
to
.anonallltic and historicis: auumprioru rwcd 10 me forefron:
m. Enhgi"cnm.nl. Si nce m. pnnciplc pt"'''L1s in ancien! Christian urgesu ma: e.och un " iIlununcd b)' omcr
'U" and b)" me whol. of the history of revelation, we find III paln";c cOmmenU on a go;""" le,,:
many othtr $ublertS i'lU:rwoven in order to mumine thal text. '#hen ancitn. atgesis wuves many ScriptUra together. it does not limil iu fOcus ro a single la. U mum modem exegesis prefer.. bUI consuntly rdares it ro other rexu by analogy. imensivdy using typological reasoning as did rhe.-abbinictndition. The ato:empr 10 read the New Testamenl while ruling oUI all theological and mor.>l. 10 say noth· ing of w:lesiutical, ",cramenlal and dogmatic assumptions thar haY<': pm·ailed generally in the community of faith that wro.e i••
seetru
to many who participate in that communil), .ocby •
VU}·
Ihin enrerpri5f: indm. '#hen we Iry 10 make 5f:nse of Ihe New Testament while rulingOUllhe plou· sibiliry of the incarna.ion and resurnrnon, the effort appears arrogant and di.torted. One who len· delllious!y re..uone page ofpatri.tic extgesi •• gups and TOSSes iT away b
~5tening
to the ancient ecu-
menical teachers_ The issue deserves some reframing and careful argumentarion Although these are challengeable assumptions. and highly oonrroY<':rted. i, i. my view Ihat mod· orn racial anti _Semitism ,,-as nO' in the minds of the .ncient Chri.tian writers. Their argumenu were nOt framed in regard tothe h.tred of .....ce.bu. rather the place of the elect people of God. the
jews. in the hi.tory of the divine-human covetan. tha, is fulfilled in.Jesus Chri". Parri,ric a..-gu. menU may have had the uninrended efi"«r of b
In
,daliGn to the whole trend of th. hi$lory of revdalion and which ,·iew, the difl"t...,nce
betweenJe,,·andGentileunder chti.. ological .... umption.andnotmerely ... marr.. ofgenericsot :OY<':n in thei,. harsh .., .mccuu, agains' Judai:ing threaa to th. go.pel. tht)· did not con,id.,.
~ws as
racially or gcnttocallr ,nfenor pcopIe.:as modem ann'Stmires are prone ro do, E~cn in meir
comm",.. on PaW ', srnCtUrc$ agalns. won",n ruming, ther lho~ little or no aNmUl against dw: kmale gender auum, but rather aalttd..-omen u"thcglory of mm: Compa..., me ",riring. of Rosemary Radfo
ofpa.ruricinrmt. A No.con P d.giu. The JOkerion ~rireri. do not rule ou, POU$.OS" from PdagiUl', commentari.. at thOK poin" .t which .hey provide good uege.is, Thi. requires spcci.aJ aplanation, i( we • ..., to hold fast.o our crI ' tcnonofcons<:ouua!i,y,
n.c htera!'}' corpus of Priapus remaIns highly COf\'roYffttd. Though Pdagous
"'15
by general
""""n. dw: arch-here ... of the early fifth ttnN!'}', PdaglUl'1 edited commentaries.;u wc now !u,~ them high~' worlr.!:d <wer b)' Ia,er orrhodor ",ri.el'$, wcre ",ide~' rad and preserved for fuN .. gen' .... tlOIU under omer namCi-So Prlag;us prurnu US with a tarual dilemma. U,,{iI1934 III wc had "·u
I
corrupted tom of hi I Paulon. commen.arr and fragmenn '1unted b~
Augustine, Since then hi. works ba"" been much ,rudied and d.baied, and we now
!rn,",: tbl! ,he
Vd'gWl corpus has been SO .... rped b)' a hiJrory ofla«r rcdactol"l mat we might be «mp,ed not to quote it at all, BUI i. doeJ ...,main a SIgnificant sou",e of fifth-cenrury comment on Paul, So...., can· not
wnpl)' ignore it. Mr "'ggallOll" .!ut me reader is ,,'ell advistd not to ~qua..., the fiIm-cenrun'
PrlaglllS too e:asilr with later Standard nel'eOt)'peIi of me arch·heres)' of I'elagianism. " It has.o b< ...,membcrcd .hat The ta. ofPclagiw on Paul alwc nOOl' ha"" it " '15 plUervcd In m. COrpUI of~rome a nd probabl)' reworked in me sixm crnturr by eith.r Primaliu! or Cusiod.orw Or bo.h. The•• commentaries wer. repea,edly recycled .nd rcdacte&, SO what we have today m'r b. regude&alCCllliOnan,wim much S[lndard Ia.er parrosllc thought andacgesis,aduding.ofcou rse. ,har whim is ectunenicall), cc",urcd aI "Pclagianism: 1'w:lagiw" original.a.w.. in ~w2ysprcsurnahl.)'apl>cidyhcrctical.but whalwc!u~e""",' ll large~' unuceptional, "en if "" still~ •• n
We may ha~ been ill-advised 10 qUOlC mis matcrW ,.."Pda&1\1.1".and perh.ap$ m;gtn ha~ quoted it ,.."PKudo-Pclagiw" or"Anonymow;:bul here we follow colllempo .... ry ref(r~ncc p .... ctl(t.
Wh u
.0E..ptct fro m Ih e inlroclllctionl , Ovc ....ie.... a n cl lh e D uign of .he Co mm t nu '1'
In writing me irnroduction for .. p.artia>br voIurm. me ooIume td.i.o< r;ypic:aUy ducwaa me opin.
"'" of me Famen rtgarding ' "
.ion afford< me opponuniry m frune the en.ire commentary ,n a manner chat ",ill help the general
ruder undenund the 11.1"'' ' and Iigni6anot of "misric comment on ch. biblical IcxU under con· ,idcraoon, and m IM:Ip ruden find their bunngs .and IlK cm commenwy in an tnformcd .."" . The purp<>K ofche_~ is rogive rudena brief glimp" Inmm. cumulatiw argument of the pericope, identifying iu major ~ttinic con.tibu,o.... This i. a .:!.5lof .ummari:.ing. W. here...d.: m render a ",... icc m rcadc:rs by It.ating thcgill ofpatristi,argumtnt on a M:ries of ... rKS. ldca lly thc ovcrviewahould.!'1ld; a reasonably cobc:,..i ... thread of argument among palriSlic commenU on the pericopt. even though tM)' are derived from divtnt $OUrca.and "m", n.. dtSign of m. .,.....,,;e..· ma), ,'at)' 1OInt'IIo'Iu., from voIumt m volume of this oeM. depending on the: requlrementi of cm .pccific book of Scripture. The purpo.. of the sdernon "'".!i"Kio to introduce rudtcs quickly in.o the subject mallet of that "Iu.;on.ln this .....)' readers an quickly gnip what is coming bt· gUncing over the head,ng. and .,..trvie..,Usuallrit isevidcn'upon_·~ronthalsomc:phruc:inthe",lccUonnalUrallr dcfines
the:.ub)cct of the heading. ~v.raI ... rsc:s ma), be Jinktd wg«IM:r forcommcnt. Smcc biographical mformation on each ancient Christian .... rit~r is 111 abundant Alpply In "Inous gencralreftn:ru:e
WO"". dictionaries and encyclopedias. the ACCS has no ruson.o duplicate mese
.A'oru. Bu, we have provided;n each volume a.im ple chronologicalli" of thost quoted in chat vol· um., and.an alphabetical .. t ofbiognphic:al sketches with minimal (cdesi.o.stical,juril(!,,,,iona/ and
placeidc:nrificarions.. Each puuge ofScnprure presenu iu own distinctlC1 of proble .... concerning Ioorh .. kerion and eranw,uon. The sheet quanei')' of .urua.I nurerial.s tha. h,.. been searched our, :aJ$.C. . .d and revi.....edvlrieswidclrfrombookrobook.Thtrearealsowidtvaria,;oruin th.d.pthofparri"i' iru.ighr into
I ... U,
the rompkxiry of rolturally wIped a1huioRl and ,he modern rcl.,,,,n
ma'triW examined.. I. h,.. been .. challenge 10 each volume edtlOf to draw
togcchcr and dcveiop.
rusonabI)' rohesi~ leC!uena of u:xnW 'n.erpr ...... tioru from all of mis dJvcrsi<),
The foomOtCS In.end '0 1.$iU, "",dc:" w"h obocuri,... .and p"'enual ronfusiolU. In me anno ...· tiON ~ ha... identified 1II1n)' of me Scrip",re all\l.l;oru and h"toricalref.rences embedded wirn;n thcrexu..
Th~
aim of our ~"ng i. to hdp rude .. move easily from tut to ter! through a deliberate cdito·
rial linking procus mat is Sttn in the overvif:ws. hc.ad.ings and anno .... tions. We ha...., limited the
footnotCl to roughly Icu than a orw: tn Im ratio to the parrisrictcxta themselves. Abbrevi.mons an uW in the foomoteS. and aliJI ofabbrcvi.arionsis includcdin uch volume. Wc found thu thelalk of editor;a1linbgc nud not be rorc.,d ;nloa single pattern fur all biblical booIuo but mwt N molded
10)' mal particular book. The COmplcmul .....;'y of In ...d ;,dplin a ry R uca . ch M c.ho.u in Th i. Invu tigation The ACes i, intrinsically an interdi.dplinary .e"arch cndcavor. I. conjo;nd)' employ. "vera! d,,,~
but ,n.erui.:ucd memods of ruurch. ea.ch of which is a dts.tnC't field of inquiry in iu 0WtI
nght. Pnnop.al among mHC mctbot;b arc the follOWing: T<SII"tl ",1101",. No literarure 15 CVCl' transmItted by handwritten
~UKtipU
without the risk
of sontC '_ri:ttions ;n the teXt creeping in. Because we are working with andent tau. frequcndr
recoptcd. we are obUgcd 10 employ all met:hods of;nqulryappropnatcrothe.....dj· ofancicnt . uu.. To that cnd . we ha"" depended havilr on me most ..,Iiablc 'UHtiticaI scholarship employed
In
both bibliul Ind patri.. k lrudiu. Thc work of '''''Iual cririQ in thcae fields has been invaluable in pl'OViding
US
with dw: mO$l aumori ....tiw and ",liable ~iON of an~.lt tens currcnd)· a,.ilable
Wc have gralcfuli)' emplo~d the ateNi"" cntieal arWyscs used
In
CTcating the Thesaurus Ltnguat
Inrespcct.oth.bibitcalluu.ourdaubasercscarchersandvolumcedilOrsha""oftenbttniaccd w;m me challenge of COIUldering whil:h ,.rUne. w;min the biblical.at i,"1f an usumcd in a pat. llcular5d«non.hisnotah._YS5CIf-1'riden.wbichtraJUlariortorJwrrunaofmeb.blicalta."bcmg ~mploycd wh~re
10). me anclenl commenlalOr. Wc have . upplied explana.ory· footnol ... in somc ClOCS
the pro
are m061 appropri.:ttt 10 the biblical pu.sage ar hand. Howtver. OUr I'I'IWion is not primarilr lodisnw dtcseconIUtJ~~·O
socW Iocaoon of n~"er interesting or C\'OCIli~ rhesc mal' be. Some of these queslions. however. Cln be trea.od bricfi,' In the: IOotnottJ whcrcvcr the: volume ahtors deem 1\CCaIar}' Tnougn ........ mo
of each patn.,ic [Ut. That would
ma, f'«!",rc a r"a,
and briUland)·.1n some casu apboriltiQ1l)·. withOUt th~ n«
~pugnant.gLor.
inglr chauvininicj and tho,", that are intrinsically ambiguow or .hO# that would SImpl)'!)( sel(. eridtntlyalienatingtothemodernll.ldW:nce. ~1fm..pracriaolaoci&l·historicaIcontcmWi:arionislCCOndaryrom.purp
ACCS.rbt cmpIwir. on tboughtNJ
oc_~tatonhavediscovuedinm.bt'bli<:alren.OurpurpoteisfllXtopl'OYi
dcrnythologizcd. ucpric modem interpretation of the ancient commcntalOn. On act.
Scripturco [Ut but ro allow their commentS ro speak for m~ln5"l""" from within thtir own won.w;'w. In thi. scricl the term cu:au is w.ed ITIOf'1' often in;ts dwic than in in modemsCI.... ln ludu· JJC
sense, atpis includes cfforu to aplain, intcrpm and comment on a
.a,. its meming. IU
conn«tions with other ta;rs.i, implies a cIoM: ruding of the 'U'I, wing wha.e""" I",· gulW" hiJmrical.litcnty or thcologicalruouKcS a~ a,... ilable 10 explain the .e:n. lE """muted wim tIStfI'.Iu. whldl impliu th.:It the in~rpre<er has impo-! his or Mt own pel$On.al OP"'H)Il$ Ot
1OUrtU. iu
H5umptionsonthetcxt. The I"-rris';' wri ..... ac.i':c1y praniccd iMlr.. tcxtuaJ exegesis. which seek. the exact wording of
th~
to
dd'n c and idcmifr
.a•. its grammatical stT\lcturo and the IntcroonnC<'tc
1<1
pam..
They Wo ptactic«I =textualacgesis. oeeking to disc~m the geogt2phicaJ. historocal or C'Ulrural con.c:rt in wtoich the text "'as wnnen. Mos' intpon2llt • .my ~ aJso vny .... U'PrKnccd In """,. tcxtlLl! CXtgeslS, seeking to discern the maning of a ten by comparing" with other tau.
m.
H.............. o<.s. We an: ~r ancnti"" to the ""')'I in witich ancien, Ch ..."an ",",en ducrib«l cMir own interproting pl'OCU$otS. ThiJ hermcneuric self·analys" .. csped"Ur neh In .h~ ,~nectionJ of Origen. Tcrtulli.n.Jeromt. Augusrine and Vinctnt of Urin&." Although most of (lUe
1'olumt edi,ors arc thoroughlJ' f.miliar with contemporary critical d.isc ....iotu of h~rm~n.u,ic.J and lirerary methods. i. is not tcmed
to
m. purpose of ACes ro . ngag<' thuc issues diucri,·.IIl$t~ad. W<:.~ con·
of Scripture. chiefly 1»' !cuing the ","un opeok in their own
tnmL
H",,,i)ttiu. One of the pracrical soW of the Aces is tM mle,,-al of contempora.,· f'l'UChln~ on m. ligh. of th~ wis.dom. of anc;"nt Christian prudting. With thIS go.aI in mind. many o( th. mOS: t"=nch.nl .nd ilIuminaring commcnu included arc selected not from forma! romme,,:ane> bu'
Gl>IU" I'" from the homilies of the ancic:nt Christian writerl. It comes ill no IUrpriSC that the mOIt mIOWned
among these early prad>en ww: a40 thot£ moo. act:iwly mvgal in me task of preaching. ~ prototypical Fa!htrs who aff mon utule al deicnbinll !htiT own homiletic usumptiolU and meth · 00... art. GTegory the Great, Leo the Great. Augustine. Cyril of )erusaJem.John ChryJG&tom, Pcter ChrysologusandCaeu;riuaofArla"
"'",,,...&1 "'"'. Another intmady pn.mal goal of the ACes is to.-mew OUr ruden' '''"lrm"" of the ancient t",dition of J>U.oral care and ministry to perso .... Among the leading Fath.rt who excel inpa5loralwi.Jdomarw:linapplic.ationofdw:Bibl.todw:......n:ofminiluy:on:Grcgo'1'of~.
John Chrysos.orn. Augustin •. and Grtgor}' the Great.. Our editors hue presen.ed this monummal pas.oraI wisdom In
I
guildcu war thar i, no. inunda.ed by the pr.m;"" of tont.m porarr psrch<>.
"'crap)·. lOcioIog)· andnatun.li'licrod .. ctioniam. T"","",,,,,, tlotory. Each \IOI..mt. is compoiod of dir«t quotlOOOU in dynamic oqui,.um. English t",ouI'Oon of anCIent Ch..uti.an write ... I",ndated. from the originallangulge in iu belt received
.crI.The adcq..acy of a given a[tempt al translation is al"",l" chaIImgubI~ The task of I",oulation ;..ntnlUic.allydcb.atabk..W.ha"" .....ghtdynamic.quivalcncy" withoutlaps.ingin ... panphrue. and. b.crary .ranslatiOll without lapsing in.o wooden li.eralism. W. have rri.d ron,ist.nd), 10 makc:ac,cuihl.,o,onrcmporaryrcadcnthcvitalnwonc.. andcnergiesofthc languagesof anliq. wt)". Whm....". pouible .... have opted for metaphors and •• l11li that:on: normalJr wed b)' commu , n,ca.Ortt todar· \\llu, Have W. Achin.d! We h,,'c desIgned the first full·sale earl)' Chrilt1an commentary on Scripturt. in the last five hun· dred yean. An)' future a"cmpu a. ,Chr,,,ian Talmud or p,tr"ric commentary on Scrip.u,.., will tirl>crfoUowmuchofourdcsignoTatanclinaomc:.;gnif"t.cantlUf'O'UCtoit.
W. h,,,,, sucuu/Ull)' brought together a distinguished international nClWOr-K of Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox scholars. dirors and.ranslarors ofthc h.ighes< q..witj' and reputltlon.o accomplishthia da'~. '.",. .......,.".,........~
tut .. an amumg _'" and a distinct new ecummiaJ realny in iuelf. ku jointly brought inro for· mulanon the buic pattern and direction of the pro:jtct, gndtWi)' amending and correcting it as needed. We havc provided an inlOrdis.riplinaryexpc:r;mc:ntal re..,arch model for the integt;lt ion or digitalKaTChttchniqu .... withthesrudrofthehi.toryofexcpis.. At thIS nmc:of writing. W't-are appl'O%ima.e1y half....ay through !he a.rnu.l producuon of me K..... and about hiliwa), through the time frame of the pn:;tct, having dewLoped the design .a a po.nt where It is nOt likel), .achang. , ignificancl)·. We have made time·dated rontracU wim all valumeedi· ton for m. remainder of the yolum<:$. We are thw well on our "")' """"rd bnnglnj; the English ACes to compienan. We ha •.., entnded and enhanad our inrenunonal ncrwon.. m a pomt wt.ore
we are 00'" poiled to proceed into modem non·English Language vcn.OIU of ACCS. W. alreod)' havc ill2Ugurat,d edi.iolU in Span;';'. Chin.sc. Arabic. RIlIS;an and Italtan, and are prep"ring for tdiuon'ln Arabic and German, with scvcral more languages under roowd'r1tion. We hay. recciyec! thefu!l cooper1rionandlupportofDrev.·Uruven,c,' u academIC spo....... of m. projcct-a dminguished universic,' that h.:ts a umar\cabl. runrd of supporting major in"rN ' tiorul publication projccu that ha""remaincd in print for long pc:riods of time, in many Casei O>'t r one·hundred )'Un. The mWt widdr used Bibl, concordance and biblical word·rehrcntt .Y'...... In thcW
&haul".. Umc",""",crf doe 8iWt rest$oo the shel.... of 0\0$' paoror1llibr.!rits in the EngIUh-opuk· mg world oy.r a hundred ycanlf"ter iu fint publication. Simibrlr the Nt-v,' )i>rl: r,,,,ts'. Amo ~ has hpr in prin' the major multivolume Du,,' University work of John M'ClinlOck and jamea Scrong. TIocoicf..:.!fI1td~.!~... Thenujortdi ..onofO'risri.anclassiainO'inesc ...as done al Ore ...' Uni,..,rsic,' fin,· years ago and is .till in prin ... Drew Univcniry' has wppUcd mud> of the leadership. 'pac., libr1!"}" won.·study auistancc and "rvie.. that ha.... enabled th..., dUr1bl • •mcrNtionalKholarl),projccumbcund.rtaUn. Our .dflCN bcnefacwn tu..., prcfCrr«l m remain ilIlOI>ym<Ml$- Thq ha .... been weIl·informed . • rove parmen.n ,u conccptuali:ation and dc:...,lopment, and unflagg1Rg advoc.o.res and cou1UCl~ .n the support of thi.length)' and eo;sdr effort. The K ria h... h«n bleucd br &lead)' and generow .uppor.. andaccomp"nied bJ'1R numerablegifuofprovid.ncc. TnomasC.oaen Henry An""" Ihot!: PmfelSOr ofTh.olog)·. Dr.... Uni .... rsiry, General Ecinor, ACes
A
GUIDE TO U S ING THI S CO MM ENTAR.Y
$eYe"! fu[Uru havc bttn incorpor.ot«! jnh) me design of mis commentary. The following corn· rrltntlareintclKkdto;tUistl"UdcrsinmUingNlluseofmilWliumc.. Pericopu ofScri p.".c Thel<:np[Ur.>l.""'h ... bttndividrointo~ricopt$.orpu.agcs,,,ou.al.lrsc:vcral"erouinlen~. Each of pmcopa is pen a heading. ..mid! appcan at me btginning of me ptrirope. For
mc.sc
cumple. the first pcrioopc in me commentary on Genesi. io'I:1 The Beginning of Crcarion: Tn ... he>ding u fOllowed by me Scripru,.., passage quoted in me Revised S"",dard Version (RSV ) ""mu the NIl width of the ","gc.. The Scriptun: puoage is prorided for the COIl",nima: of TUdcn. but ,t U also in hepmg wim medic,,,", p.. ri.ric commentaries, in which the citalio", of the Fathers wc,.., arranged around the ten of Scripture..
FoUOWlng each ~rico~ of text i.J In overv,ew of the patn"i, commentS on that ~rkopc.. The for. mat ofd"s ovcrview varies W1min m.: WliumeoofmisKoo,depcn.dingon me~ircmcntSofthe sp«ilk book of Scriprurc.. The funcrion of me ovcrview is to provide a brief summar}' of all me commentS 10 roUo.... It rrad<S a rclSOrulbl)' oohcli", thread of argument among patriotic commentS. evcn though they a,..,duivcd fromdiw:nclOUn:aand generaI10"'. Th", thc.umm.oorieldo nO! p<"O'
pnruc. metaphor or idu. TIt" f"'nm: pm.
vides a bridgco by which m...urn rud~rs can ~nter into me heart of me patrinic comm ent. Identifying t he Patri n i. Tun Following the lopical heading of each section of comment, the name of the patristic COmmentator is given. An English ""i.:lIly valuable. A footllote number dirccu me reader 10 Ih. notes al the bottom of the righl.hand column. where in addirion ID other notations (darificotion. or biblical CIDSS refcrcnces) one will find information on Englishtr:mslaliom (wherea,.,.;]able) and standard originaJ·]anguagco editions of the work cited. An abbreviatedcita,ion (normaJlydrin gthebook.vol· ume and page number) of ,he won: i. pIDvided except in ascs where a line·by·line commemary is beingquoled.in which case thc biblical rererences will lead. directly ID Ihe..,lcction.A ke)'to the abbrcviation.i.providedonJ»ges"".""i _Wh erctherci$anrseriousambiguitrortc~tualproblem
in mc..,leaion, we have tried to reOect thebes,a"ailable lenua.l ttadition. For the convcnience of computer datain.se users the digital database rcfertnceo a ... pl"tWided t 0 either the Thesaurus Lingua Gtaeae (Greek lexu ) 01" 10 me Cel.dO(" (Latin texts) in the appendix foundonpagesln.s2.
A BBR I! V I AT I O NS
Anocnt Q,.,.1lMI Writ • .., PraJ..1946·.
n... Work. of rh< Fotl>on.., T....w.,,"". Mahwlh. N.J., Paul",
W. W. Harvq. ed. s-n m-; quu,; Loop ...... Cambridgc:AadarUcPtu£,18S7.
u.... .Qo<~ ............ H...ma. 2 voIs.
I'.S
GIouceau: •• Muo..:Pet.rSmith.l97l . OSW
Ori~.Sc/ot'" Wrih"t'- Translawl by Rowan A. Gtur. o-.a olWcstC'" Spin,"...hry: A Libnzy ol d.. Gt-a. Spin
j.·P.MlJMoed.P:ou-ologUGnta..l66vo1s.Par",M'g»£.I8S7.1886.
H.tkI.uNt<.J.DanlWnnh. N:J..: Paul ..... 1980. n.~ "The tomplete tm eompiledby SI. Nikodimoo ofrk, Ho/)' MountaIn""" St. MV:.arioo of Corinth. Tranil ... d and ,diwl by G. E. H. Palm.r.l'lliUp Sh.errard and Ka/.lisros
Watt.4vo1.a.London: Fobe.&: Fabe •• 1979·]99S.
I N TRODU C T I ON TO GIlN IlS J S J - U
The urly chap.en of Gmcsu had arguabI)' agnate. ;nfll,l(llu on the devdopmell' of ChrU.iu> me· ology dun did :lfI)' oIher fW"' of the OIdTt$<=Ient.ln m_ early ch:opccn the Fathcn MVfc 5C'I <>Ill the fulldamenw ranernsofChrisnan lheologr. Here mere w» affirmed m.. dOCTrinc of CTc
oomedung "a.:ttdmgly good. (Gen 1:31 ). Onc of me most popular genres of KripruraJ commen ·
Plry among the Fame" ""'" commentary on me I'" days of elUtion. Ifw: Hcucmeron. 1boK
1»'
Buil the Great and AmbroK arc ""map' the mo" famous. Although Augusl ine gave mi . tide 10 none o(h(, booIu., he mu.ned a.1QlI five rimes In up<»irion of me fir,.. chapter of Genesi. and mre<: rimes carried his commcn~ beyond dw: fim chapcc. (T.... BooIo:l ... Gmnu Al"'~" tM MQn"'-' .... O"IMUltl''''Jn~ of~'' :lfIdCily ofGod II-16). The Famen also found in Genes'J the doctrine of humankind [lUted "according 10 rn. image and lhncs.Camen:foUowsanacooumofthcestablishmcntofthchurnanrauou[lide .hc"p.araWKof dcligl..:me constant Itrugglc fOl" . urvi,...t in a naru.ral ~vironmcm now unfricn.dlJ' or evenacnvdyhoorik.theaprudofsinandcrimc.brginningaFrcrhumaniry·16ntclisabedimcc.,,~m
Cain's munkr of his bro
IIOOn
foundcred in me proIif...... ion of
....ickcdncu by humankind, which ......wept a"",y by the flood, Noah and his family >.lone survivins.
wgcdw:. with reprtsmUII ..... of the whok anirnal Iungdom. Sudl ...t.oIc:$>.Ic pwUshrnem of hunun wickedna. ...·as not,how.:¥u, to be thc rult.and thc rainbov.. bcamethe sign and pLedge ofGod',_·· enan[ with humankind. made with Noah (me Noachkcoyonan,. Gen ~8-1 7). After lhe flood, Noah and his dtsCe,.,\an[l btgan on« again 10 csub\i$h a wa)' of He in lhe fall.n world. No..h bccam.c" farmer and planlW a ";ncr~,":1 (Gcn ~20). His first upmments WIth .... n. m.olung, howeVI'T,we", unl"orrunatc: h. succumbed rodrunk.nf\Cl,Sandendcd up " . etched OUI ,n his tent with hi' clothes in diumI)·.ln thi' phase ofhuman development. citic, began to be estab· lished.: Sabylon and Nm ... eh an mentioned (Gm 10:10-11), Bul il became :opparcn: tha, human lIII>damr manif..s: in ti>o building up of otd.rtd human communirios, IUch as ci';"". could ;,... d>r«ted
11\
pride agaJl\st God and hi, purposc.s for humankind. and al the [owe. ofBabcl (or ·con·
fusion: as the Scptu.aglm has it) human soIidaritr was broken by lhe confusion of longues. the c... · ation ofdiffCf'C'"languages.
Ir wa$ in rhil divided work! thar Ab",m wuoom among the ChaJdcaru.. (N~im~rrheGtftk Sepruagint nor the Latin Vulpre rccogniud Ur ua place name:: u.. Grttk rnns.Lara" as"place: Je.ome We. it to mean "fin" and. in a lcamtd note. connccu it with the fi~ won.lllp of the: ancient ~.ria",.) GeneJU 11 ends with Abnham leaving the Chaldean. and ",rding in Ha .... n in Mcsopoto.mU. wh....., he rtaiYCd God', eaU (0 joumcy "ill further and become the father of a ra. I'IlI.tion (~I2:I .}).Withthatcall~com"",natheM"«>Unuofu..p...riuch " ofthcKYeW>OIl of the God of Abnham and iAac and Jacob. of the caJ]ing of the people of ls",d and the whole IIOry
of rhe Old TeJ.ament. in which rhe~ emetge5. so Chri •• ian. with the Fn""rs believe. me hO!'" for .he coming Mcui2h. a hop<: fuUilltd in the incam.a,ion of u.. Son of God uJc:$u$ olN=cth. C r itical Proble m. of ,h, Tut Wc shall look in mort deuil at the theology the nthers d~w DU. of,heKch.ap'..-, ls.eron. bur fin. vanom criucal problems ntc
IS.
can)' acer«io", 10 the text : for instance at Mk 9:29. but theK arc few). Bur with rhe Old T .. tament. rhe~
is . major
diffe~n<1t.
For the OlnJnan Old Ttsram.." ..... the Grttlo; Scpruagtn. (~l)' n~nJ for IC'YCIIry). whe ...... what .. rnnslattd;n OUr Bibles " the
abbttvia•• d .as LXX. u.. Larm
Hebrew ~Xl. of ""'i," the Scpn.L.tgint wu an earl)' tnnllaoon. Dijfrnnw Iotr ........ rlx HtIrr.,.. Bibk~".j rht s.pr""f.IIl. The ten of the Hebrew Bible and th •• of !h~ Scpnugin. du.pIa)' oom. InllJO' ~es. The Scpruagrnr .ndudes book.s sum as EccIe$.a.sucus (or Sirach. an abb~vi.a.ion of the fuU "de Thc Wisdom ofJcsus th~ Son ofSirach ) and th. Wisdom of Solomon that arc nOl induded in tht Hcbn", Bible. Some boolu ;n the Sep'Wlgim ..cm ro be lar..- expanded vcnionsofthe Heb~ ... original: for ~xampk, Esther and Daniel. which in the Scpru· agin' includes..".... abo\Jr Susann.a and Bel and the Dragon.and an upandtd:lo/XOW\' of the Thrtt \'Oung Men in the 6~ry furnace (iodwLng the """S'sung 1». them In prai'" of God and cr(aOon). ln other CUf". ,he S.pnugint pracnu the rcxr in a rcarrangcd ordcr (•. g.,rhebookofjcremiah .which nas addi.ions u weU). The.., an a40 marI}' minor ~gr«mCf1u between the GTttk and Hcbnw It i. general!.. hcld that the Sc~ruaE'nt'l ' !;r •.,., embeU .. hed ~c ..ion of the original Hd,,,, .... ex'. But this is onl)' partlr rruc. Sometimes. as the Qumran disc<werla hay: r.vcaled. the S.PruaF,n.
preserves......n:.. tha, rrughr have been 'Muded by rhe rabOis 10 the H ..........· Bible had me Hcbu..· ongmal no. bttn 10"' b)' the early ""nruna of th.Chrutun .,... (or the common e~ thougn.t IS no:
h.nOI)IlCT'OHT<:>GVlUIS'·"
dur to whom il is common, ap.art from Chrilmru and poa·ChriSliaM}; &lIch is
..ch.
Furthe~
me ta. of the Hd>rcw Bibk duo WC'
ha~.
me caw with Sir·
the ao-callt
ruult of criric.aJ enduvors on the part of nbbiJ in tht KCOn.d IWf of tht first millenn.ium.lt is, then, a good dullaler than the HebKYo" lal thal would have been available .o the Gretk mruJalors of the xpruaglnt. Vananta in it mll' "",11 \)t wirnasa tooklCT and \)tnt' read.ngs than IIM»t found ,he Muoretic le,;!. (This, lOO. has been supported by the biblical lens msawered at Qumran.)'
In
Tb< Srpt~IIl' Tb< Cbru",," OIJ Tcs""",,,,u. Theurly Christia", WC're well awarec( mue discrep· anciu berwccn th. Gre.k O ld Tuum.n. arw:I m. Hebrew Bible. bUI a1moR univcnally .m,. ",,!!"a,dtd the ScplWlginl and traruJ.al1on. from il. nOllbl,. th. Old Lann version. as Ihe aUlhor;...",', rext of m. Old TUfIm<1It of their Chrurian Scriprures. Th. mlln
I'UM>n
for mis "'U dur m. Scp.
rua£ln, was the version of the Old T."am.n. ma. m.,. "'.re acc ....lIom.d
10
that Chriltianinean world. and
11 Wli
wing. It wu in Gre.k tht SoplWIg,n•• o
which Chrislian preach.", and mi$lionariu appealed as m. Scripture. The s..ptuaginl l ion
quoted and
~ 10.
for m. mO$t part, in Ih. N.wTut
li ,
IS
me ......
of COurU, in Ih.
Gre.k of the first Christian miuionariHand Quutian communiriu. The Old Latin venion (or ver· . ,on.j "'as a lraruJ.arion of the s..ptuaginl and remain.d theprinciJ>a!texlofth.5cnpru rufor,h"". ,,-hoapokeLarinmroughourthep.auu.ic pcriod. When Chri'lianity ulabli,hed itself among the Armenians. lhe Copta and Ih. Georgians. the xpIWI£1m formed the basis for dM:ir ~macuJar Old Tuumtnt. I;ven among In.: Sy"an~ , who
spoke a s..miti,
langw~.
Syria.:. thti, trllnWtion , the: !>eshina, though NturaUl' a tranWlIOR of
lh.dO$c!r relarcd Hebre,,·. is nOl ",ithOllt thc influencc of inlcrprelalions ins piredb)· lh.s..p ...... gint. Tht e"liest dissenting ,-oi,. from the primac), of the s..pruagint &eenU.o have been Ih. Latin ocholarjerom • •whosclranslation , """"' caUedthtVulgat.. " .... i"'p'redh,.h is id ... lofHebrewtrum (HtI...."," v.. itllJj, thougheven here.dcspi,.hi. shriUdefi:rucofth.p',orityoftheHebre.... h.. vef •
'1On /Tcqutndr follows the ,"x, of rn, s.pruagint.' At the Rcfonnation, .h,
RenailQ.n,e idul or ""
fim'"
("to Iht sources") led 10 ProICSUnt vemacul.ar lra",larions of the Old Testament \)ting Iw.c.l on .h. Hebre\\·. and Ihence.o Ihe idea tha, .h. Heb..,,· Bibl. is Ihe Christian Old Testament. Al,t-.gh the: Roman Cao:holIC Chun:h m;mn,· ...... ed thu and '''''Hed on rlH: author,,)" of Ih. Lad n Vulga ... Roman Calholi< Kholanhip in rlH: latter half of the ~ntieth untu.), hu .enlkd
to
foIlo,,' the Reform ..... Christians of the Orthodox , ... dirion (whether Gre.k. Ruuian. Romanian or olher SITl1nds) stici: lomctradifiona.lnocionofln.s..pruaginllWlranslatloou ofil u theCh ... llan
"s...,_fo.Go-.C.T. R . - . ; -I _ l l - - .. c . - (o.;..,La....--.I19S
,,/;
OldTesr.amtn,,;md they m: mo",d up in this position by thttnormow imporr:ana: ofth. lirurgical textS that a",!naked in allusions 10 ~nd quOtatioru; from tht GTUk IUt of the Stpruagint.ln tht West, Onhodox Christians an: a minorit}', but i! is worth noting mat "'''''ndy a called for a "'turn
to
the original Christian tradition, according
to
re", scholars hav~
which th. Chrisri"" Old Tes".·
m.ntisth~'xptuagint.'
Th< kgcrniO!II><S
to
be identical.' Such stories of in minculow r",rularion naruralJy enhanced
the authoriry of the Stptuagint (the ridederivtd from the number of the tnnWton) amongGrrek· speakingJews,especiallyinAlexandria,andth.namongChri.tia= n..s.pruoginr ktwtm Cl",;,",", ~"dJ< ..... By the second ""nrut'}' A.Do, however. the
ust
of tht Sop.
magin[ among Christians was producing a reaction against ir in.Jewish circles, espccioll)' . hOlle rit des influenced by the growing rmbinic movemen,. which emphasiud the sup",me authority of the H. br ....• venion. This division betwren Christian Greek and Jewish Hobre'" w'" deepened by Christian in[up.. r.atioru of verses from the Greek Stptuagin. ma. had no
5UPPOl'!
from the
Htbre",ren, rho most famous of these being the use of Isaiah 7:14 (1sai2h's prnphecyrha'"avirgin shall conceive and bear a son and his n.ame shall be called EmmanuelO) ",a prnphec), of lhe virgin.ol con""prion ofJesw Christ (a1read')' found in Ihe N. ... Testament a: Mt 1:23). Whil e the ,Xptuagin, p~rthen.,.
unambiguousl), means-virgin: the Hobre,,' word so [nnsla.. d ('al"u;h) means a 'young
woman: Such di.!crq>ancies betwun tht So:pmagin' and the Htb..", Bible, especiall)' where th e G .... k vo .. ion rould be read asa prophecy ofChris., beame ont of ,ho principal issu<s of early Jewim·Chrisrian polomic (.re especially Jusrin Marryr's Diak>pt ",ill, TrypI>o tbtJ<w.• WQrl< belonging to rnt m;d·serond cenrury). NMl' 1.... mJ..lioru, 11>< Hu4pk In the rouUe of the .econc cen",ry·. "anous tr""sla,ocs - Aq ui!a, and Loter Symmachus and TneOOo[ion-proviGtd G",d: versions closer
quem tnCOUragcmen. co Lurn Hcbrt,,· within nhbinicJudaism. Uvt in the fragmeno dw survive of a nwsivt .ooIlOrbiblical scholarship.me Huapla, compiltd by cMgrelt thitd
=
of Aqui~. Symrnxh w. the Stpruagint and
Thcodotion (though cM", isoome dispuleabout meeua shapeofthc Haapla°). "is """ dear what iu purpaoc
W K.
though it would alert Chriatian:apologists co places whc ...
th . Hebre", tendidnotluppon the Stpruagint. 'Whal happcnedwas tha, the Haapla l uppl.· mcncedtheunoftheStptuagintandprovidoclabroadc,rturualbuislOrocripmr:Uullerpret&Clon: this mal' havtbem Origen" purpose. for it i. horn. OUt by his excgerical practi", in h'H ommenlaT ita and homili ...... Buc i. aUo enabled Origm and other scholars co conuc the Stptu.IgulI against the
Hob...,w (whm: it wu obacure, for iTIWII'ICC). 10 lupplement the Stpruaginc by the Hcbrev.· where .he ~ttcr was fuller and.o a1cn the Chri.ti.,. a.c:holar 10 places in the Scpruagim when: the Heb",,,' ...·u lacIuns. ~n apfW'endl' wed the marks of ancien. ac:hoLarship. the obelus (+) and the as.er· islo: (0). co mdia •• pau.agcs unique co the Stptuagin. and those passages tha, had been adckd." ,h.
Th.. IUC-the Stpruagim augmented bl' pau.agcs fTom the IrarulatiolU of cM Hob",,,·. oome· .imes with che obeli and asterisks wtitten in, ",,"erima wilh. ~ om'tted-came 10 circula.e among ChrulWlS. upeciaIIl' fTom the fourth "'nrury onW1!'ds, when me c:xpatWOn of the now roI· cra,ed Chit .....,. church led.o ,he ckttand for copies of ,he Scriptures (c.g.. m. filly copia of ch. Scnpturn ordered from Ewcbiw of Caesarea by the emperor Con.acantinc for .... in churcha;
througbth.bner.bu,onlythroughth.proph. m... showing ma, m... all _n .. m _ _ re prophrts.llk..wi.. h. spol<e... h.pleued.oom.mingsmroughu.a;m.om'r1mroughJeremW,."ilIom... througho~<)!' .noth.. propnet. or m. umeming. bu'm difl'tren,form through the bncrprophe< "" ....II .. m. form ... Moreover.anythingma, is found in bo
I'" VuIE'"'' Among the Greeks, mi$ view held 5way wimoU[ an)' ..,riow opposition.
Th. onl)' real dissent cam. in th. West from Jcrome. who .. Latin tr.nsllltion . which Came to b<: called th. Vulgate (the common Bible) , was made in the cas<: of the Old Tesumen •• in principl •. from the Hebrew. ~v.rthel ..... even h. included the book. of the s.ptwlgint that aTt no. found in the Heb",,,·. and frequentl)' hi, rnn,l.tioru, which w.'" generall), ",lIi.ioru of the Old Latin rather th.n fresh ....."'La.ioru. ",flect the interpretation of me Sc?"",gin •. Jeromi. prm",na for H.b",w ,rum"osalonelY'tana:and.n:r.cted,riticism from,arnong others. Augustine.' ltwuonl),gradu all)' ma, m. Vulgate establimed it&elf againn th. Old La,in. and in
m. c... of th. Psal.e•. Jcrome's
version from the Hebrew ne~er c5tablimed iTSelf in liturgical
at me "er), ieast hallecontained teadings d.tived from the Hexapla.
In misvolume we have printed the trans.!.,ion of the Revised Standard V...ion andnotedrlte ,·ari.tion$ of this ,a, from th e Septuagin: (in Rahlf"5 criticaleditlon ).ln the •• r1)'ch.ptel'$ of Gen .
esu!he Scptuagint follows tht Hebnw closely, thue Ottm [0 be no Heupbrk readings.. the '·arill· tion. from the Htb",w being m.o.inJy "",nerl of inte'V"'tation 0( Ihe Hcb",w lexl Or """,etimes wimessing 10 allighdy dilfeunl form of !he lat than !he Maso",tic text. Bu •. ,.. the ",a<\er will KC. almostall!he ''3rianlreaWngsoithtSq>ruaginraTCp=ofthtrutmatthtFad>enhadbei'ou them and on whid. they WCTC rommenting.
s.p'''''f'''' ,,,"","1>Jrvm I.... HoMo",;" G......'l .ll. Aput from individual varillllt readings. thcu au twO
uriking group' 0( varianu in the firs. deven chap.ers of GeneroU. born of which m.o.nifcst them-
slop). llwo fin. con«nu nam<':$. the second the period. of
YUrlmentioned.nthtgenealog.es. The "anatiOtlJ in the nam<':$ aTC of TWO kinds. Most commonl)·. these "ariantl au due to djfficul · ties of rnauli.enrion befWCen languages wim diA'eTCIlt alplW>eu (e.g.. N,mrod bccomero Nebrod [Gen 10-.8]). But l! U SOInetLIn<':$1 miner of Interpretation, the Scptuagin. nu)' m,etpr<:' the r."her than ,nnslnenting it (t.g., at iu first mennon. the name E... iI tnn.slat"!
nam<
ZO"."Iik," ....the.
than Innslileuled;"BabeI" in Gen 1I i. trasula.ed "confusion"). Or it mal' do the ",vu..,. taking a word 10 be a name where modem ... ruJ.aron see a noun (e.g .• in Gen 2>3. wheu Ad.tm i. I.. nwttd
1>]' modern traJUlafions ,.."the m.o.o," ..-hile the Scptuagim seca lhe name Ad..m). Or.t ..... y idmtify a Hebw.' pbce name (thc mOl'l mwng aampk being the idmrifiC1DOn of rhe "B:abe[" of Ge-n 10:10 with &bylon ) Or fail to idmtify a place name identified by modem scholars (e.g.. in Gcn 10:6. 13. wher<: the Scptuagim fail. to identif)' Me. raim ... Egypt). AU lillnifican. vanadoru in namu a"" .ndica.ed 1>]' additional notu.o the RSV .at., l'ht: discrepancy berwcm the periods 01 rurl ruord"! in the genealogiu bctwun the Scprua· gmt and the Hcbuw lal (preJ.umlblydue
to
m •• reading Hcbrc ..· numerals) w,.. notICed in anCIen:
{imco.The,·anation>arccuriousinth:otthej'usuallyhavctheefFcctol'lOmeof,hcpatriarch,h:oving children Ia.er in Life. while the acnW length Hcbre,,·. Acta", became Scth',
(~thcr ..... en
01 their livu rem.ohu the WTle (e'G-. accordillj; to Ihe
he "'IS 130 and then livd for an<>th"r 800 years. where ...
the Scprwtll"'t ha. him bca...>Jng Seth·. father II o:hcagt of230and j,ving for another 700 run: see Gen 5:3·;). The.., discrepancie" however. cawed a problem. In the case of Mtthwelah (or Ma · thousala ).the Hcbr<:w calcularion has him dying. al the agc of969. in ,he rea,olth.nood (hulOn Lamcch. born in hil 187th rear [Gen 5:25 J. becamc Noah ', father "'h"", he wa. 182 {Gm 5:28]; Noahwa.600inthtycaroflheAood: 18i .. 182 .. 600 .. 969), ..t.creas !he Scptuagml
cakuia._
has him dying 14 yean af'tcr Ihe flood (Lamech, born in Methwelah·. 167th rear. becomu Noah·. fathecinhil188th ycar: Noah"'1I 600 in the ycarofthe lhon ofhil death at age 969).
nood:
167- 188 _ 600 . 95S.14yu"
s.." Methus..!ah"'lI not in the an.:. 00 howdi.d he .urv,w:;
)cromc. In hIS H........ Qw.".... OIl G........ soIvd the pmbltm b.,• ...ferm« to d.c Hebt-M" . a aoIu · ..on acc"l"..! 1>], Augustine. who h""· ..·er nottO ma: $udl concct>On of the Scpruagin: br
Ih~
Hcbnwwu warnulltd only if rMre war. rc»on COlUppoK that mett had bttna simpk rnisuh. for me oevcnry wen: co be regarded, as we have seen.
not
simply 1.1 t .... nslato ... but as enjoying the free-
domofproph«£.· C r iticI1Proble".. ofC<> mpo"itionandA uthonh ip MOAt modem rudcn of me Ptntauudl. the 6rst 6w booIu of me Bible m:.1 constituted the Hd>re,,·\aw. or Torah. are aware of something of me raulu of modem sdtolarship
1.1
ro compooi·
tioo andaumorship. For nurlYfWOccnruri"' ;1 has generally though nOt un;"ersall Y bc:en heLd ma, the l'enattueh war. compile.:! in dw: posttzilic period (that ~ ••M the aik or Babrlonian captivity,
which luted from about 597 to 539 B.C. ). making wc of earlier materials-hiRoriu.legonds and law codci-and giving them a narrative .tl'UCtun beginning wim the CTUtion of the world or per·
hapf; woriUng them into an alrudyuisring narntive mucwn. The~iI forthis mtor)' (for It ilno mou: man that) iI the aisrenceof paral!d pa$$ageS in which the same event IttfIUI to be: .....ted twice and m e way in which God is ttl1:rw:! to in diffettnt pas. sages.So. in dw:chapterll we = conct:rne
nuls alen into the arlc one account ....... to erwiu.ge pai.... whik the «her ... visages rwo grotlf" of anima!o. mo .. rirually clean a nd
mox ritually undun, the former being p
Lartt •• re pl"l:SCl"YU! in pai... (cf. Gen 6:18-22 with Gen 7,1·5). The difference in the ,,·a)· God i. referf"td. to :appears in our chapters in mat in Genesi, 1,1 ·2,41.
..,rn . ..-hile the
;,1·32.6:9·22.7:6·10.8:1·19 and 9:1·17 God is rel1:rn:d to as God (H dlttw 't/.rJ. ElKwht:tt God is rekrred to by l1Iing theucred Tem.gn.mmaton. YHWH (tn.lUlated into Gttd: u kyriM. "Lord: a praaice p .....rvd in English u·.nal.atioru until recently and written in capnals.
LOaD, u in the RS V [Ut). the divine name-on!)' pronounced by the priest in mt ttmpk litu'iJ· ( 1.1 I
result _do not kncnohow" is pronounad and can only gueu). Following uptheat;duel.KhoI·
anhavediningu ishedse"eraldiffertntlou rcesforthePentale uch. often refe ...d tobJ' initials·
J (the Yahwist. or Jahwi$t. YHWH). E (the Elohist
source. whe'" God is called from mc beginning
SOW«
th.ar call5 God
~lOlu",) .
hr the
divine name
D (the Deu,e_~ · source. connected
with the ",form jl1l1 prior to me ""ile) and P {me PriudJ' sour«. much concerned wim liturgical
and kgaI matten). For Genesis 1·11 theptincipalJOUrCUa!kgtd=J and P (,,-him adopts the Eloh"'practiceofn:ft.rrinStoGodaseliHIi"'priortohi,revdationroMo"'inEKodw;3:1}.ISj. The Fathen knew naming of ail m is. mnugh thO!· wett awan: of the diff.,.elKCJ that have L.d to
Ih. pootulanonofthueooun::..... Suchdifi'en.n.ce:o they tendtd to 1n'erpret in cemu.ofthe ped.agogi.
[NTIOODUCT'OH TOCltPIU'$ "11
caJ purpoK of the ~ml[or who i. I(llinga 1I0ry on diffi:um ievels (in this th(y mighllK claimed m haw anoopaled some of the rn<>K nomt Wbions in Ole! Tc:stamlt1lt .mobrship). For them th( ~r ramr "'as Mott:$. This conviction me "'IrIr Ch.urianJ ~aud wim me j!:ws, bUI rn( thrological importan« ofGrnuis, 10 which
W(
~ih in cM Chrislun p««ption
of the lignilicanu of the figurtof MO$($.as comp'-~ wilh duI of
. haIlshortly tum. and esp«ially iu acCOunt of creation, led 10 a
""J<w>.
For the Jews, Mo.ca was the greal legislalor, the onc wOO had received the law On Mt. Sinai; the /Or them the Torah. CiuUmn inrCfCSr in the law had been deflected by the unrra)
~nt:lleuch W&J
"gnifianc<: cM)' atud.ed m Chns< and 10 faim in him. MO$($ U lIiIl cM laws"'., •• the 0.... who rt«ivtd the law on Sinai. bUI u aut!mr of thc book of Ge nuil,he i. the onc whovvean acoo unrof crearinn,onewhooouldcon,cmplatcandaccurarcl),dc:scribcthccn:a.cdordcr:uGodin<end.edit. 1hrcf1oryofcMc.euionand.ofcMfall"''aSfuIJofhinuand~aboufcMcOll\J/\gofChrutand.
the tatonlion of the
00$",0$
in him, according 10 the Fathel$. Conn(jucnd),
Moac:s
wu as much a
prophctualawgivcrandumucbpriudforhi.insigbtinmcrealionasforhisauthoritYaJrecciver of cM la ...·. T heolog ical'-... u l,migbtS«m"",n~thaltheFathcl$invaltd'<)much,ognificance",thcearlrchaptcnofGent·
Jis.. 1be panem du, il p......id.. of creation and fall i. not """.ming thal the JcWl detCC1ed in it, fur rhem Ihe ran "'as not and Ui nor a ca,ady,mic event in the hinory oI'humanlcind; it Ui bur onc of nun)' uampLcs
ofhurnan failure: m live within the COV(nanL. Wh)' do the un)' ch:rp,tn of<XncsUi
USumc I Uch lignifi.can« fur palmnc and mOSl laler Christian theologr. AJ., ... Gnd ChriJt O ne reason i, Paul', understanding of)csus ... Ih. Second Adom. "As in Adam all die,
10
also in Chrisl shall all be made
alivc"O Cor 15:22); "i' is wrim:n.'The firs,
man Adam
beamt a HYing being'; the!.ul Adom became, Iat1;iving spirit. ... The fim man was tTom the earth,a man of dwt; the second man is from heaven." of dust, we
~aU
.JUS! U
we have borne the imagt of Ih. man
also beat theinagt of the man ofhc.avcn" (1 Cor 1$:45,41,49). If thesigniliancc
of Chrw is Iwnmcd up through ,..cb connul between him and Adom, then the lCCount of Adom himself USumes auhetypal 5ignilia nce for understanding the fallen human conditIon.
TJPGIoo. 1be tragic parallelilm of Adom and. Chrill bcc;lm( a key 10 undastanding Chri,t', Jig. nifican«: Adam·. disobcdicnc. is ma.chcd by Christ'. obcdicncc. the tree of the
knowkd~ of good
and.,.;! is matdled b)' ,ht [,« /wood oftht cm.. (up«iaU)' when the same word, "y/om '" Greek.
lig>'u", in Lann. mUnS both ""ttc" and "wood"), E.... is matdl.d ~. Mary (woo lruly becomes "mother of the living" [cf. Gm 3:20), .....nile Eve had become rather thc mother of tb.I;"',ng dead). We Cln KC in thi. a principle of ocriprural interpretation, para.lldmS m( fo""alion of th e Ci",~,ur. Bible ... consisting of Old Te~tamen' and Ne,,' Tuumcn: , Lt IS commonl)' called typology, Ihough
this modem term uifiu something that was for the Fathers more a habit of thought than a method or doctrine, The Fathen called it, in the East most commonl)', 'Mor;", contemplacion. looking mort d«ply into the mcaningofScriprure. while the Lacin fawn came m we the term for the metoria) figurtthatexpfCS$CSonethingthroughanother:"rkxo>"".aU~~'.
This practice of making the ten of Scripturt shine like a beam of light. as it Wert, through the prism offaith in Chri.t. in whom Adam 'S lin and ours u. anccled and in whom the hopes of Isrul and the whole ofhumankind havc Men fuJfilled. is perhaps. m begin with, the stl11ng"'t thing about the Fathers' appro;!ch m Scripture. Another way of putting it. drawing on some remark. by the French Catholic poet and diplomat Paul ClaudeL i. m 11« the SCriptu .... not as an arsenal of argu' ments with which to attaCk Orw: another (as Catholics and Prot.. tants have been doing for years) but as a treasury of the manifold rich.. of God', grace. a trusu~' of symbols (for no human words can capture the richt.S ofGod'sgracc) thufind their proper orientarion in the magneti c field of the rule of bith (an ancient exprCMion for what is nowadays . ummed up in the ~. or symbol of faith). n.. me of such ima~ry m express what is involved in scriptural interprttation points uS in the righ,dirtction to begin to grasp the appro.:lm of the Fathers, which i. less scientifi.c than poetic and often finds its fullt.St expression in the liturgical hymns ofw church. woven OUl of the imagery C"'41i,,". The Fathers' SCnSC of the fundamental place of crution in Chri5[ian doctrine was a con· sciowly maintained theological premise. Athana5im. at the beginning ofhis tua,ise On d,e In''''''''_ " ""' asserts: "Bm as _ proceed in our exposition of this [me incamarion of w Woed]. _ mu.t firs, speak aboUl the crtalion of me univcne and its creator, God, SO that in this war wc mar consider as fitring that its renewal was effected by the Woed who c..... ted it in the beginning .... It,sonlyagainstthebackgroundofaproperundentandingofmedoctfineofcrcatiorl thatwe are abl e to grasp .he significance of the iru::amation of m~ Word. \Vhar creation mun s. as Atllan..iw goes on to make clur. is mat me universe has been created Out of nothing br the \\ioed of God. h follows from this thar the universe is good, that the reason for its present lamentable sra,c is not tt> be sought in the Creator but in th~ fact mat me high~sr crea,ed sta,. is thar of a ~e ... tional Ming "" that Create a universe capabl~ of containing the highestfonn of goodness ".", to create a uni-
Mings to remain faimful to the good. That failure leeings. and merebr to encounter ,he powen of corruption and death . unleashed in the cosmo. b)' the human fail u~ '0 cleave to me good, to conquer them in his dum
and thereby to reveal the power oflife in theresurna;on andd",w humankind inro hi, dn,;nc li k, whue they will be S«\Ire in the good. lM whok picture is of an an: of the: d",ine putpOK fWSing from craoon rolKifiation ( 10 use the: tndirional.erm in Greckpatriltiarnrthe:finalgl<>rific,"ion of cram"" induding humankind), traruccnding rh. lcucr arc n «cuil.:lled by human frail.,. pUlling &om foil to redemption. Seen in this con.exl, the incarruotion is of more than merely bu~ &ignificana: but involYcs the whole toImic ord.er. Hu,""niry in If.>. i""'g< ofGooi. The co.o mic dimension of cre"ion·incarnalion.deifica.ion does not supplant the: human lignifiance of thc: d"""" of oution;tnd redemption. In (Kt, nther the oppo. si ..... for the human .u.:ifhao a toInUc role acoon:Iing 10 the Grttk I1othcn. Thos is cxpruscd. partly m the docrrin.of the human u a microcosm.a"linlccosmo.o;;n w hich the grcucr cosm <>.l i, .. el1ected, a doctrine thar the Famers found in u... daukal philosophtn. notabl)· Pla.o. There is a tcrKkncy in
!he Fathers m tad !heOUOOfl r>arr.ltM:ofGencWIn terlNofmetolmoiogKal mythofPlaw·.
T, ........' and vi« VerA. As m'CT0C05m , me hu~ bemg i. scen u in tegral 10 me co.mac, U me -bond (IyIIdcJ1PlOs) of the cOlm",." For mil 1Uo"'n. the f:ill ofhumankind hu cosmic co....,quencu: it is noeJIUt humankind mat Iw bccnsubjcaed toconuptionand tic.am btu the wholccosouc ord .... (d". Rom 8:20-23 ). BUI
.he u1rimale iU!cificarion rnr the high doctrine of me ~mic role of humankind hu in m e
doctnM.llSeT«d in Genesis 1:26,th..t human beings wct"Coutcd-m the 'mage ancIlikcncuof God.-lM doctrine of human bemgs u bearing the dJvtnc image 11 nol a donnn. thal recurs much in Ihe Old Tutamenl; outside Genesis th.n: an: occu,on.al echoes, no morc (e.g.. P. 8:6. W;' 2:23 ). Nor .. it very promment in the Nc...·T...tamo;ure andofthc.u!"'rruoo;ural. !he mys.Cf)' of deificaonn. me meoiogr of the 'l'lritu.1l likanclthe:
1a....,ofiu de'·e!0?1nemandofiuprogreS$."" It .. ccntn!. onc might argue. because the donrin. of
10
h< r.l.tionai. the Grttk
for which IS /ogitm. God ou.cd
through his word ("He,pokc •.. and il"'u so"),thal Li,throUgh h ll LogIII,the Logo, lhat ,as John telll us. wu ·in the beginning." wu ·with God· and • ..·u God" (}n 1:1). This sUy<$u • d":!",r mearungofh
the One who was inalmate as Christ (cf.Jn 1:14 ). The language of Genesis 1:l6 fits in weU with this, for it 5tates that human beings wen cre....:d accnrding 10 Ihe image of God, I:a!' tiJ:Qnn ,ou tlu"".ln other W<>t"d$, there is an image of God. in accordance with which human being.< are fashiolled, and that image is the Logm (cf. 2 Cor 4:4, which speaks of'Christ, who is the image of God: cf.l Cor 11:7; Col 1:15). And thal i.......ge i. ilio Ihat imo which wc arc transformed. or transfigured. bl' our resporuc to the grace of God (cf. 2 Cor 3:18, where we
2U
uid '0 be ' changed inlO the wrtc image from glory to glory: and Rom 8:29.
where wc are desrined to be'conformed to the i.......ge of hi. Son'). The no,ion then of being fashioned in the image dcepeM the norion of wha. i[ is [0 be human. I. mnesrarionalil}' apan:icip.1.rion in the creatiyc Logos of God and linb the origin.o.l human State of being in the image of God with our fin.:tI s","e.[ransfigurcd by the glory of God imo[he irrulgc ofhi, Son. Bcingka,' cikona (which in loter Chrisrian Guck becomes. noun phrase, 10 !:at' cikona, 'the state of being in me image') is then fundamental to undct'standing wha. it i, to be human and what " .. to be rutoud to communion with God. Thi. dynamic OCfISC of. movement in which the fundamental cruted potentiali'}' of human be,ngs i,reycaled is linked bymo.lt oftheGrcek famers to the other word u&cd in Gen .. is 1:l6, which5OY' that humans were nude in God's i""'f" ~nd liltm ..., kat" cii:Dna ... kai ... homo"",;". For the Gred: word homoi;,sis ,uggestsa process ramCT than •• tate {the .ute of likeness wouIdbc homo;QmiJ Or /wmoit)lts): i. was the word used by Plato to denote"likening to God" O'":a.<.
10 God " (homoio"" hco), which was for him the goal of philosoph)·... be remark.< in a phrase much qUOled by the Fathers (ThtoWtt«< 176h). Hwnan being.< are Cruled in the im
c of God bl' prayer and :l demanding life of love
bring.<:aOOut an .... imilation lO God in which humans find their crea.ed fulfiUment': this :a.<.Ien.ialil}· for deification. bee..... th.y are created in accordance with Christ. who is the inuge of God. E~.n in thi.
<.011 <et
h......· the notion of the imag<' of God i, an architcctonicterm
In me theology of the Fathers.onc in which all the dimensions of their theology converge:. This real· ,u,.ion perhaps found nowherc.uch dur ."Pu.ssion as inJohn of Damascus. the PaI..rinian monk who oppo$CCI the destruction of images (iconoclasm ) by the Br..antinr emperor Leo at Ihe beginningof theei!!hthcenrurrlnh i.C
I;,raTliSlic image, such as the icol'>OCias..emperordisplayed,thrcatened
The foil ~"d ong;""II'''. Genesis 3 beam. for Chri"ian theologians an .rplalUrion of why Ihe erc·
ated order. fashioned by Godu"uettdingly good,",' fuJI of evil and wickedness. AI wc havc alrady rnn.ukrd. the fundamental ';gni6eana
Ken
in the aaowt. of hwnnUty', 61'S'! dUobtdienct iI I\Ol
",meth,ng Ouurians inheri.ed fromjewU.h inuq>~.ion ofGroeai' but ~bIy has much wirh the way in which .he IIOr)' of Adam is SUn
to
.0 do
mi rror in revcn.c: .he story ofCh r i!! the Second
Adam. By his disobcdiet>«. Adam destroyed thc rmrioruhip that God had establishe
Ex:actlr ho,,' Adam cam.
10
diJObey God is ",m.thing which the Fathers ponde",d. and they
ca"", Ilf' with difi"crent ooJ.urionl. u will be discover"'! in thc p"-.rl$tic comrmn
m.. sensc oi...mngone·. odfllf'agairu. God and igr-inghil will. giv1ng ,n m m.. allun:
men. of the lCnKII.ndooJ.idarity on Adam·. pan with hi. misguided wife an: all ;nrerpn:urioru lug_ gesrcd b)' the Fath ..... Ther alJO makr much of the
identif}· with SaClfl • ...no had been ettated 11 the STUteS' of the a... f!C'u but fell, eIther because of pride that would not pcnnit God 10 detcrmi ...e his moral world or mon: commonly beca"", of en")' (cf. Wu 2:23·24). envy of the human being whom God had m.a
Thi. coam ic role that the human ""ing WII =r«l1O fuJ6J] i, invoked by the G r.d; fathers to not just himM:lf but also hi. daccnd..anu. A. Athal'lasius
explain the fan that Adam·s.in aJl«tcd pl" it. and foUowing him mou of
m.. Greek fathers. u. resuI. of Adam·,lin. conuplion and death
haye been unleasheOllikeayengingangt:u (Stto" Thi. c... m;' und.rltanding of the effects of the fall. char:ac.erist;' of the Gredo: fathers. is in wme Cont.U! ro Augwlinc'. idn of m. fall and originaI';n (an idea alrudy developed by me unktt.own Luin fathe.c.illed Ambrosiu.er. hotausc hu works an: prucrvcd;unong the writiogs of Ambrooc ). that evennuJJr came to be dominant in the WeI., Augwtine saw Adam', pcr",nal sin and guil' ... inherited 1»' his cia«ndan... 1O dUI they an: guilt)' of original';n and jusdy suffi:t IU consequences, hotausc mC}' all .inned in Ad..am (..... ich he found affirmed on Rom S:12,accordml: to hu ,n.e<prCU·
,ion of the rradirional Latin ve"ion ). The term <>rigi"Q] lin i. not found in the Greek fathe .., who in con,,·u••pcU of the rathcr different concept ofancutral.in (prop..,criU Ioamarfi,,).
Tht .... ~ <1,0"1.1 t/Gnwu Jar w 1iItM.. After the fim thrtt m:ap<ers ofG ......;•. tht ...am of p;lmsticcom"",nt becomu much rhinoe •. Th. account
or me Aood i. paid ",me anen.io ... and seen
as a prcfigunti01l of Christian baptism (cf. 1 Per3:20·21 ).ButtherCi:ofthtKCoumoftneo.",,]ormm, ofhuman
OO(I(ty,
the leCming p;lralld growth ofhuman Ikills and cnfu and human wICked·
ness. aftr:lCt$ httlf COmmm:. Nonetheless these chapters proyidfd preronccptiOnl rhat affect pa,ri"ic though. in , ubliminal \OIaVS. The ambi.&lence of might in the battl.of.he gian .. in Gm"",.
6:I-4orinmefiguncofNimrod (orNrotod) who,mme~t,isdacriNd ua nug!ttyhuntcr
ag:unlt me Lord. is an example. Mon: obvious and Itrilcing iI me way in whlch rh< origin ofm( dififft:n, human languagu in
KmUnt
of me
m. srory ofdK rowcrafBabd (or a.bylon. or"conN-
lian· ) prU(nu the varietyofhumanlangua~asaru""tep.a""ring hum
another, in cantrast to Our modem inclination, me product ofRom.o.nticism, to tee me multitude of diffi:~nt langua~
as wimeu to the untold
~ari«r
ofhullW\ uperience.
Th. Fath... read me fin. cftap
In
10
help tht rt.adI:r
10
pro'" from wet. an
'" what much modn-n Kholanhip rtprds"" aDOI'n. Itgencb oflimit:ed thcoIog>aI ,
mllKO~nng
WOmen tod:lr will find accus la Ihe depms af a meological traditian that stiD has much ,a say to ,h.m-IhiJ iI .h. foundation On which .h. Ancient Christian Commentary on S<:tipntU h", been conctivee." The IJ'Id.work for mil anthology of passa~ from the Famen was done
bJ'
Dr. Marm Coon.
though me final ~rsion is the lUulr of our coIlabonriv<: dfon. The Introduction is minc.ln the pas. ",""l.mee,. nuntber of alreadyu,"en. tnmJations ha~ boten UKd. oftcn modified In the mtcr· iWI
of accuI"Vr or clantr- No ancmpt has been ~ .. howev.r.
to
intrnduc<: mdW:;Ye ~nder
language: ,hi, would h."" been an ..1.00"',( ruk, .ince 10 mum of Gcncs;s 1-\\ concCmJ the human condirion. and in steking a "anct)' of ""'tegie.! '0 avoid wing the term ""'" wt would have run the nsk afobs.curingthc Fathcn'thought.Thc ...dtrlhould bear in mind that inthc original
languages used by the Fathen the noun translated "man" (in Grttk (J/UMDpoS. in Lantlllonoo) .mbnccobothm.alcandf..mak. Un,"",'tyofDu.+wn Durham, U.K.
Ov..,v •• w, God e.... ul heav"n and UTlh •h..,,,ghtl.. Word.,inc~"in.h.bc:ginning"·u .h. WOTd' (AOOUST' ....). God mad. h .. ven .ndurthinlh.beginn,ng.notinlhcbc:gin· ningof time bUIin Chrill {O ..lGaN.CHaYsoJI . yo,.. AoousT'Na}. Godcrcl",dheavenond unh.lh •• i •.• h.monerof.hehuvcn •• nd th.m.nerof.h.urth . whichcame.obc f.om IIOIhing ( Su,.. N~"ssll1S OF EMuA). Th. bi •• h oflhc wo,ld ,,·a' p..,.d.d by 0 con · dilionof,hing,.uitabl.forth.cxerci •• of • upcma,u"']po ...e n. Thcm.. ningof cr... ion " k.no ... n from d""ne r.vcl ..;on {BAS'L). To Mo .... God·. r
u r,h " ..... h.e,·.ng<[,njohn.loo .. y. inth. bcg'nni ngofh ll GOIpcl: lnlhcbegllln'ng ....... Ih.Word . andth.Word ..... wilh GocI.• nd .he Word ....s God. The um. " ' U ,n Ih. bcginn ,ng ..."h GocI. All.h,ng,w..e m.d. by h,m. and ..."hou,h,m no,hlllgw,,, m"';c:' HO"'L'.'O .. G~N.'IS'.I.· TH S S .G'H HI/.ohTH,WO .... 0 8lG'H" ScriplU'. i.nol . pcak>nghcreofany temporal beginning. bu,,,uYI .har.he hcav.nl and,h • canh.nd .ll.h>ngs ,ha....cremad. ...... mad. "'n.h. b'g,nn,ng: ,hal,""n,hcS.",ot. HO"'L'UONGINUIS,., .' H iI"'I~' .. ND E.. IlT H A .. . THE FO ...OLISS MATTK .. OF T" H UN ,v ... n. Aum'S T'N" SCT1p"". call td heaven an d earth .h.. form . I••• m ..... of Ihe un;v. rs<:, whIch ..... chonged,n.oformed.ndbuu.ifu l n.. u,u bl' God ', 'neffoblecommand .... Tb .. h,ov~n and u"b .... b,eh "'... rn nfuu'; and m,~(d up. ... ere au",d.o ' '''t,v. form . from God rh ..,.
',T...,nl. 'Coil'"' 1"",),
·FC ~"'7.
'Fe?",,.
maker. 0 .. THB L'TlR.U I"TUP~BTAT'O" OF G"NES 'S;.,O.' GO t> C ~.AT E D T H B MATT E ~ A.. t> T H E F O ~M oF Huv""'SA .. n EARTH.Bu' "THB GnAT: [The Maniduun. a .. ut .ha. ) th. formoftheworldi.du.tothewi.domofthe . uprem. Art ificer; man.r c.me.o the Cre· atorfrom without; and thu. , h. world ... ul .. f.oma double origin. It h ....c.ived from ouuid. in m • .,u and ill .... ncc and from God in fcrm and figu.e. Th.)· thus ,cm. to d. ny that th mighty God ha. p.u ided otthe fcrmationofth. univ ..... ndprct.nd that h.h .. cniyb.ough,.crowningconltibution '0 a CCmmon work . rha, he h •• o nly con"ib· u..dsom •• m.11 po"ion to the g.neli. of b.ing •. Th.)· ... incapabl.from'hed.b... mentof,h.irreucningc(ui , ing , htir glance. to th. h.ight of truth. H.re belo'" aru ....ub"'1u.nttom .. rer-introduced ,ntolif.bj· ,heindisp.n •• bl.ncedof,h.m. Wcol .. i ...d before weaving mad. itlupply cneofnatu ••• impe,fe"ion •. Wood ..i...d b.fo.. c•• p.nt .. ingtco~pouu.ionofi,and tr.nsform.dit.achd.yto.upplyn.wwanu and mad. u.... all th •• dvanrag .. d.riv.d from it. giving th. oar to th. uilot. the win· nowingfan to ,h. laborer.the lanc. '0 th. $oldi ... But God. befo.. all ,he .. ,hing.that now.""ct our nc,ice ui.ted •• fte, caSting .bon,inhi.mind.ndde .. rminingtobring in'o being ,ime which had no b.ing. imas· in.d the wc.ld . uch .. i,cught to b•• nd cr.· ... d matter in harmony with th. form that h.wi.h.dtogivei'.H.... ign.dtoth. h.a v. • n.thtn.tu .. adaptedforth.heav.n,.nd pv."'th•• arth.n .... ncein.ac,dance " ·irhi"form.H .form.d .•sh, ,,·i.h.d.fi ... a .. . nd ...·... r .• ndg.v.toeachth..... nce ,i""h.o;'jec,ofiuui ... nce re'luir.d
Finally,h.w.ld.dallth.div.... parucfth. univnse by li nk. ofindi •• oluble attachm.n. andest.blish.db.twccnth.m.opcrf.". f.llow.hip and harmcny.har ,he mo.. dis· t.n'.in . pi .. of,heirdi.. ance .• pp....d unitcd in one u nive .. al Iympathy. Lct.ho.. menth..dc .. renou nc. ,h.irf.b ulousimag_ inuion ...... ho.in . pitcofthew.akn ••• of th.ir.rgum.nr.pr ... ndtom ••• u ... power •• incompreh.n.ibl.toman·s ..aoon .. i,i. unutter.bl.b)· m.n·. voic •. Godc .....dth. heav.n. and theearrh. bu. no. onl)' half- h. cre",edall.he h..vens and all the •• .,h.c re . atingth.es.. ncewithth.form.HIl;u., M" ..ON ~'~'J .' GOO C".ATln T H,,...GS OuT Of NOT H,,...G. NBMHStUSOFEM ESA:Ev.nifirisgr.n .. d . ha. the God ofall.hi ngl follo wed an order [inth." •• tion J. hei •• howntob.God.nd Creatorandtoh. v.brough,allthing,in.o bcingou, of nothing. ON THiI NATUU Of MA .. ~6.· T H. CO" D' T ' O ~' B~FO" . THil I.h u H 0. TKE WORLO.BAS'LTHiGRIlAt:lr ' ppears, indced,that.v.n bcfore.hi,world.norderof thing.exi ...d ofwhich our mind c.n form an id •• bu.of whichw.canu)"no,hing.btcausr i. i,tcolofr)" a'llbject for men who are but beginne.. and ... "illbab•• inknowl.dge The birth of the world wuprcced.d by. condi,ionofthing," u;ubl.forthee~erci .. or . upern.tu..1pow.... outltripping th. hmiu oftim ••• tern.l.ndinfinit •. Th.C ....or.nd D.miutg.ofth. uni v.... pcrf.c..d hi. work. in it.spiri.u.aJligiuforme "appin... ofall ... ho 10.... ,h. Lord. in.. U.ctual. nd ",vi.ibl<
naru •••• aUth.o.d.rlyar.ang.m.ntofpur. int.llig.nc•• whoanbeyondth.r.achofou. mind and of ...nom we canno. n.n diacover the name •. They fill th. _"". of .hi. invi,i. ble world.uP.ul.u(huu,.-Forbyhimwer. • Uthing.cr.. ,.dtha' .r.;nh ....n.nd .ha' ... innrth.~ilibl.and;n~ilibl •. wh.th.r Ih.y .... thronuordomin'on.o.p.indpaliti •• orpow..... or ... inuuo.ho.uof.ng.l.o.lh. digni .... of.rch.ng.b.To.hi.world.,lu. i. w •• ntce""<)' .o .dd.n.... wo.ld.bo.h. Khool.nd ...iningpbce ",h••• m. soul. of m.n.houldMuugh •• nd.hom.fo ..... ing. d..,in.d'0 b.bo.n and , .. dle.Tltu. """"· ...d.of.n.ru...n.logou. ,otharofthi. ",orldandth."nim.blndplanuwh,chliv• on".th • • ucc .... ionoftim •• fo ..v.rpr ...ing onandpu.inglwayandn.v •• ltoppinginifl cou.... I. no"hi.lh.n.. ur.ofrim •. wh ... .h. pu.;. no mo...,. the fu.u,. dou no. uil<. andth.p' ... n.to.capu .... fo •• M'ng ..cog. ",%.d!And.uchalloll.h.nlegan
.u
T.uSTGoo·, a.. ........T' ON TO Mosu. CH"Y· ,OITOOI: L.c. u. accept what .. . ... d ", •• h much grnitud •. no'ov ..... pping,hcprope.lomil no. bu.ying ouuclv..... "h m." ... beyond .... TIt .. iJ the beu"'ng weakn ... of .ncm ... of
.=
'C..t ",6, "NPN Fa ,s.o..Ss. " FC _ l. "Fc7401H:',PG
chccru,h,wilhinguthcydo,oal.lignncry manc.co chclTown",uoningandlackingchc . uh:a';onchacni.hcyondlhccapadlyof hu mannacurc.oplumbGod '.crc..ion, H oM'uu 01< GINU'S a.s."
ccmplc".roofmadchcfo",itspavcmcnc?God i. not.ubjKc '0 narurc·.dcmands nor '0 ch. n>1 •• of •• chnique. God i. thcc,ea.o •• nd
T .. . E ....T .. W .. S Fo ...... ns M .. TT ....
AUGUSn"'l:Th.carch,,·uinyi.ibleand unorg.niud,and darknc .. "·uov.. ,h. aby... Formle.. ne.....ugg.".dbyche •• word.,IOTha,,,,emigh,gn.$p,hemeaningb)· d'g •• " •. forWfcare"nabk.othinkcognlll yc1j" abo".anablol"lCp.wa,ionofformthatllill do •• nOI go u far ao norhing. From thll, anothcrYL.iblcandorg.nhcdhuvenand carch ... uCtOMmade.Col
noweu, and wha ,ucr,hingl,pJ>Uud on .arth . li roebterby , hccomm.ndofGod ,o .dorn lhe;r mother.S ,nceao yet th . r. wu nothingofthii,lhes.:riptu re realonably .pokcof;,ao in~ompl .. e.Wemigh,uythe umc al ... about the hu ... n.; . ha, the y were noryc,broughtloperfnoonthemuJ.... nor had they rec.ivd lhelr proper adornment , IIncc , h.y wcrenolyetl;ghledaro" ndbr lhe moon nor Ih •• lln. nOfcrown.d by th. choifl of.hellan.Forthuelh,ngoh.dnolyelb•• n made. Therefore you ... ilI nOt err from Ihe tru.hifyou ... ythatthe huveni al ... wn. ,ncomplete. H lll ...... I O", :.,.'
C . ...TI NG P .. I C. OB' O.oa. ,NG, A .. ..on The good archi,ecr IaYI the fo " nda,ion fi ... and.f.crwan:l , when.hefounda.ionh" bun la,d.plou.hevaflOU'p • .,. of . hebu;ld,ng, one aftef the oth.r. and ,hen add. to 11 th. o'n.ment..ion ..•• s.:"plurepo ... '" ourthar ,h,ng l werefi ..,crca,ed . nd.ftcf,,'udpul,n ord.,leltirbcluppo"ed,hltlherwcrcnor a"u.II), crc ..cd and Ihar th. y had no begin· n'ng,Ju.... if .he n.. u'eof ,hingsbadbcen. uil wtrC. gcnef..edf.om.hcbcj!lnn,ngand d,dnolappearlobc ... mcthmgadd.dafte. · .... rd.HBX .. R.. eao ... '.;.'
GOD D"'IILT n .. SUP •• N"l L' Gon S .,o,u C ....TI ... G" D,. '•• IINT P .. TIIC .. lL ,OHT. IIUOU JTINt: ·A ndd ••knUI ... uovcrlhe abr ...· Th. M. n;chaunl fi nd fa ,,11 ... ilh Ih" • nd •• )·. ·W.. Godth.n ... darkn . ... bcforch. mad. the ligh" ·Thcy th.moel .. cs are "uly In . h. darknc .. of 'gno.. ncc. and for.h .. rea ..... •i"=J'do norundcrlundthehgh"n ... hlCh Go.d ..·.. bcfor.h.m.dc lh,,/igh,.Fo. lher knowonh·(h.h~hr(h.yoecwlfh,h.cyuof
the fluh.A nd therefore they wonluplh, ,"un ,ha'£vcry~rea,urclcu.Butl£tul llndc ... and th at th orci•• dirrercn, lightinwhichGo.d dweU•. Two Bool(5 ON GaNlS l S AC;,,'NU TliEM"N'CH""'''Sl.j.6.' TH ' D" , IN.n .... 0 TH' D••• A•• TH ' M I • • AIUNC I OF L,G" T. AUOUJT, ... a: Onc who diligently co nliden whal darknu. 11 rcally find. on]y Ihe ab.enc~of light. Thus 11 •• id,·darkn • ., w • • over thc .by.,; .. iflour. · Ther. WaI no hgh' ov.r Ihe . b)'lO.· Hence, this maller d'lll uord.red and d,mngullhed bythenutwofkof God llcaned lhe'n~isibl e
and .. nf",m.dcarlh.nd.hcdecp ,ha,il lack· in gligh •. Thi.il whafw ...bovecollcdhc... cn . ndcarth . lik •• h.,eedof he.ven.nd .... h. ON THR L'TR.,u INTE . .. UTATmN Of Gm... . "54.11.'
1:2c TIo_ Spirit "j th.Wat.r.
W~ .
Mo.';"!
~v_r
110.
F~c.
C.... T.O . T THIi S . ..IT. A .....OSR: The Spiri,fimngly movcdovc. th... nh.dcsrincd .obcar f..",bccaul cb)" hc.,dofth.Spi... " hdd Ihe ICed. of nc,,· b,.,h which wue'O ge f' min ....ccordi ng.oth.wordl oflh.prophet: · Sendforthlhy Spiril. ndthey . h.llbccr.· u.d.nd.holl l h.1trcn ..... h. facr of .h. u.,h." H u ,.. . .. nON ,.5:
W.. T•• b BUlLT M""". L.
Foa" Lu~
M .. TTI • . A .. (;UST' ... ~: The mUter "fiut called by th. nam.of th .un;vc .... th., i•• of hca .. en.nd .. "h.rO'lh ...koof ,..hi'hit ..·.. made from .bs.ol", c1 r no,b,n,.Sccond .iu
formlcuncu i, eonveycdby the mention of •hcunformedcanhandrhelby ... becau.. Imong III ,he demenlt earth i, more formic .. and Icub righ.thal1 the re. •. Third. by the namc_ .... ,heTt I.$"gni6.dml.""th.t.,i. • ubJCct to.h ....orlr.of,h. M.... e•• fo ......et can be movcd "'''Tt euil)' Ih.n urth. And ,hu. "naccounroftheulincubywhichite.n bcwo,kedandmoyed.,hema"erlubject.o the Maker.houldbecllled wa.er rl
GI"""4,' j.' ASU'.OLo. S .... ns ... Juo .. s:!nth. bcg,nningofG.nCli •. h i. writt.n:·Andth. Spi,i,wa' llirring.bo.c .hewa.e .. :You lu. rhen . wha,i, ... y. ifllhc bcg,nningofGen •• il. Now for It, "'Y'lic.1 mun,ng- ·Thc 5pint ..·ul."ringaboverhe"·.' . ..· -.lrud)' 1t Ihlrtuncb.aptismwubcingfo,•• hadowcd.h couldnolbctrucblp.i' III,,,,~e .ur •• withou. ,he 5pirit . HO."LIlS 10.'
m.. n.. h.l.ino,d.,.om ...... h.mf."il •. Th.actionof.h.n;.,imilar.\t lilloniu ·W·makingthcmfe"ilelhroughlhc ... armlh ofincub •• ion. H ... Ih.n.rh. Holr 5piru fo,ah.d...... the ..cram. n, ofholy b.p,,"m. pr.figuring "" I .... iwal. 10 th •• th. ",••• n mad • f...i1.brrh.J.ov.ringofth.. ... m.dw,n. 5piritmigh.giv.birth.othcchildrcn of God.CO .. "' ... TAUO .. GIi .. iSlS,. '" T .. , 5.' ''' T H Ov .... I>. E....... THI Su· , .....:!t w...pprop,;at.'o.evu.lhc.. lh.,the Spi,ilh....... d lnl>rdc,fo'Ultol...nth.,th. workofcrca.ionwuh.ldineommonoy th( Spirit w itbth.Fath(rlndlhe50n. Th( Fath(r 5poke . The Son crcatcd. And 51> i,w.. abo,igh.th.ttheSpiri.ofi.. " . work.clc •• lr shown ,htougio iu hovcring, in ordcr lod(m. onnrlt(iuunltywi,bth.othcrpcuonJ.. Tltu,wclurnrh.,aUw.. orough"opc,f.c. ,ion.ndlccl>mpli.h.dby.heT.ini,)'.COM' ..... T ..... O ..
G... I5I~
I. "
C.UT ' ON I ."n"'T.I1TH.OUG"T M ~
5.' . ' T. E.M .... TMB Sn.'A>I: (The Holr Sp.... ] wlrm.d.hc "·I.e.. w"h. k.ind of wital ,,·arm.h •• v.nb,inging.h.m.olboil.h,ough
lAnd God .~id, "Le! tbne b. ligbt"; and thtrt ",as light. ' And God ,~'" tb •• tb . light ,,'41 good; ~nd God Jrp~r~!cd !he ligh! Jrolll Iht darlr.nm. 'God caUed Iht [igh! Da,. and Ibt .:i,ritMuh.,al!cdNigb!. And !liert1&las tveninga ndlbere 1&I, . ... orning. onld" . Ov •• v,Bw,·L."hcr.belogh, " wu'poken Indfahl)·. T1te light.h., God crea..d i. ,he
not.ha.h.fo .. ndbeforehimagood.hath. had no. known (AUGUST''''). God i. ,h. aUlhoroflighl (A .. non). Ligh,iniup.i. mordtalfotmdidnorcom.ftomch•• un, which had no, y•• be.nc.....d (EPHU"). ·GodcaUcd,hcligh,day,and ,h cd.arkncu h. called n'gh,-mcanl ,ha, God mad. a dis';nc· ,ion bet.... n Iigh. and dackn ... (S ..sn. EPHIUIII.AUGulT,,...).The fi ... da)'and nigh, ..... no. rul.d ye,byaobrmotron (B,u'L). Theconccp,of l-day "il no.,ob.allegoria.d (EPHIUIII ). Th.'nvi.ihl.lpiri.ual .....,ldilcr.· a..dbefor •• h'phy"icaJ ... orld (A... ROSa. E~HR .., ). C ... ';onout o(no'hin gi.di .. in . g.. ish.dfcomth..... hichilc' u ••dou.of wha,ulI •• d b.fore (EPHIUIII ).
l:3 Ltt T1:mrBr Lifbt T HI AUT HOJ; 0' L' GHT.A". lI.oSl:God i. •h•• ulhor o(ligh., and th. pl.ac. andcauoe of darkn ... i• • h.wo,ld.SII,th'goodAu.h or utlcred ,h. word lip, loo th •• h. might .. ~cal thcwo.ld by infuliog hngh.ncu ,h..cin and .htU m.kci.... p•• ' buu.ifuI.S ... dd.n1r,h.n, th. air bccam. bright and d.arknulmrank in fC,rorftomthcbril\ianccofth.noYclbrigh,· n.II.Hn .. u,uoN,.g.' IN ...... LIlCo ...... Nn.AuGUST'I'I~:W. ought tound ..... nd th.t Goddid not oay"Lct th ..cb.ligh."byaloundbcoughtforlhfrom th. lungl or bj·,hc .onguc and I . . th. Such thoughta ... ,hooeofp.rton.phy,icallyprc· occup,.d.Tobcwiocin.ccord w ithth.f1 ..... IId. llh .-Lclth ... bchght- wa"pokcn,neffabl)·. O ... TH IL rn ...... LINT~RPRITA.TIO .. OF G~ .. U1S;.>g.'
AUGUST ...., AI Ih ...ordllh.mselyu ...... k. l uffici.ntly clut, w.a.. 'old ,h.t th"light was m.d •. Thcligh.bo", from God i, on • •hing;chcligh •• hat God made .. ano.h ••. Th. ligh' born f,om God i. th e ~cr)' Wlldom of God.bu •• h.ligh.madcbyGodiloomethmg mu.abl •. whcthc •• orpnrulorinco.porcal ON THI L rTI R" ~ I NT~R~~.T"T'ON Of G~N I' "Is·ao.' T HE L' OHT D IU NOT CO",. PlO", TU,SUN. EPHU... TH.Sn ... ":n..hght ...... rcl ....d lo.har11 migh'"preadov.,.verylh,ng"'IIh _ ou, beingfutcn.d down. It di'pe rHd th. d.arknUllhll"·u(W.'.~crythingalthough,,
did nOt mOv'. It wa.only wh.n (th. )ight ] wen • • ".~y ~nd wh.n it ca m. that it moved . forwh.n (.h.light] went ...·.yth.rul.,,·u giv.ntothcnigh,.and.,[th.ligh,'. ) commg th ... wouldbean.nd,o !,h"nigh t',]rol •. M.ct,h.cbrigh.n... [of th.ligh. ] rcnde ..dll • u,vk.fo"hruday •... ,hc l unw.. inth. firmam.n, in o,d.,.o ripen whucvcr had .ptou•• d "nd., ,h •• 6'11 liGh,.Co..... Nnu 0"GIl .. IlS ,s, .8.);g.;.'
1 ,4 TIt. Ligl!! Wa . Good S ..........T' o" o .L, .. HT P.O .. O... O:I'I.U. S .. S'LTHEG.uT:Ev.ninj;,thcn.i.acom· monboundary lin . of d.)" Ind nigh " and ,im,· larlymorninj;i •• h.partofnigh,bord
TH ~ L'CHT S O""'ROMGooD"TlI'I'
GU .. HIO
~J;OM
THH Ll CHT .... OE BY Goo.
'FC '~. 'FCM"~~1.
'FCM,UI. 'FCtlar
which wa) 0pPO"~d.o (h~ day was nigh,. Hu.......o .. ".8.'
nam~d
GOD A p p~oy .. HIS Wo..,. AUGUS'-.M.: W~ . hould "nd ..,.ana .h., .hisl~ n(~nc~ docs nOt "gnifr joy;u ifovcr.n "n... pec.~dgood b".an appro""lofth~ wo.k.For ... ha.".a,d mon fittingly ofGod-,nsofa." It Can b< humanlruid_thanwhcnScrip,,,,,pu,"it .hilw·t·:·h',pokc: and ·"wu mad.:·it plu..,d h,m: ThuI...., und.round in'he lpolt.·h ...........'gn.y.'n·"wumad.·hll pow«andin·,tpluudh im·h"goodnu •. Thcl"incff"able thingl had to be uid in thi. wayh)'am.n.orn.n ..... h •••hcymigh.p .... fi. alL.O .. ,-HEL,T.U~I .. T.....IT..TtoNO. GINlS'SS.,~.·
Iight . y., Godm.deadiv;.ionbefwe.nligh. Inddlrlr.n.u..SO.oo....,molr.~ .... undhycry. ,ng Wt, and w~ m.h,. w~nu. by nO, making lOund,b
I
NOT RULID I Y SOU t Mo n o N. 6.. s'~ THI Now, h.n.~fo"h, af... ,he .re..ion of rhe.un,i.i,d.ywhcndtc." .. iLlumin...d by,h",,,nlhiningondtch.mi.ph~re.bo •• th" .. "h,andn'gh,u,h.darknclI l>f,h. ur,hwh.n,hclun,. hiddcn,Y,,;,wlSno.a: rhattim.acco.dlftg.o .... Larmotlon,hu.tl w.. wh.nthl.firo •• reatcdligh.w.. diffu,,,dand aglin drawn in Icco.ding.o the m... UT< G~"'T:
AUGUST'NI:·God",,·,h.,.h.ligh.w.. good: and thclc worda do nO. rnun dtu God foundb
1:5a D", ... J Ni,hr D,n' '' CT lo" 81,.",u .. L,G .. T .... 0 O.. ~,,· N.... AuGUITI .. ~'·AndGoddi"idedth. light.nd the darknu•. and God call.d.h. ligh,day.nd hCIIl.d th.d •• kn • • s night : h d,dno,sarhc •• "Godmadrtheda.kn.u.: b
ord.in~dhyGod.,hltdarcl m(lnd n igh,
l ucu.. d.d.
Ex.GITtC Ho."u 8l~.a."
O'.n ..ou .... , .. G C~ ••n oM OUT o.
NOT .. •
, .. G ' .O M ALL Eu. C ...... '-" U O UT o. W ....T E:n I TID 8 .. ot~, E.HUM '-HO SU. ' .. N: Heav.n, earth, fire, ... ,nd and ...aICe wne ctea.ed frorn no'h,ns 11 Scnrture beau w,' , n.... wh ..u . th.ltght.wh,ehc.m.tobeon th~fiu.day.longwith .h •• u,ofthcthingl ,h.t c. m••ob
... ~op.. _ 'FC"~l. _ .... _ _ d.ubao_ 'FC*"".'FC"'lS..". 'FC.!06S. '"!h.tGK ................ op.. ___ ........ Iop< ....
"K~ ... l."fC*1J
.0mething.... Thecefo,..,tho.efivecrea<ed .hings were created from nothing. and every .hingelsrwu madefrom.hose (fiveJ thing. .ha. camctobefcomnothing.CO "MB"TAU ONGS"'BSISJ.l4.J;lp." Ta . Sl% D AYS All. R"U A.. LY Due" IP' TU' • . EPHUM THB SYBlAN: So let nO one think that thccr i•• nythingallegorical in.he wo. ksofth c.ix day• . No onc can righdy oay tha, the.hing. peTuining.o the .e day. wc,.., 'r mbolic. nOcCOn On c uy that they w. ,.., meaningl. n nam •• or.hatothecthing.were oymbol iz.dfor u.by th.irnameo .Ratber.ler u . know inJuOf what manner heaven and earth wece cr....d in the Mginning.Th.y were truly hea.en and .. rth. There WH no othec.hing'igni6edbythenamcs"he.ven" and".acth."TheT<$tof.hewock •• ndthin g. mad.thatfoHow.dwerenotm.. ningl ....iS· ni6cation •• ither.focthe.ubnan ce.of ,heir na.urescorreopond,owha,theirname •• ig nifj·. CO .... BNTA ..YON GSNES1S .. '. " T .. IIC ...... TIONOFSp' .. ' TU .. L B .. ' N(l$ . BA SIL TH R G "~AT: ln fact . ther. did cxiot .romcthing.u it.ecm •• even before thi. world
which our mind Can attain by con .. mpla,ion b",whicbhubeenld.uninvestiga..d bc,au.riti$no •• d.ptedtotho • • whoare beginnersand .. y.,infant.inunders.anding Thil wu a cert.in cond ition older than the birthoftheworldandpro per . o th •• up .. _ mundanepow .... on .t.eyond,im •.• verlast · ing. withou,t.eginningor.nd. ln ;,thr C r...orandProducerof.llthins· pu{.,cted tbework.ofhi.arl .• •pir; ruall ighrb.fittins th. bleSledne.. of tho .. who lov . tht LOTd. .. tional.nd invi.ibl. na
DFCiUI. ''FC 9L,74. '"FC4ld-i. "FC42.1&.
1:6-8 CREATION OF T H E FIRMAME NT
' And God s~id. "Le, ,bue be a f irmllm em in ,b. mids, of ,bt wa'us.' and It, i" ' parat . ,be wllterS from tb . "'Il'ers. "· ' ' A"d God mad. the fir mament a"d separAted rh. waters ,,,hi'h WtT, wnd er the fir ",a", ,", from the ",aters wbi'h "'ere abov, Ihe firma mtnt . {And it ",as so.}' ' And God <"lied ,hefir ... "m,", Heaven. ' A"d there was t vening ana ,ber, ",liS morni"g.a,",o ndd"y.
OvnVI.w, God formed the.tablelubltance of the firnum.n, by ,,"nJformins ,he narurally nuid WaI'" (C....ILOf' JlRUUIDI). Tbe firmam. nt oeparatedthecorporealmltterof ,,;'ibl.thing.f.-omthc,nCorp<>rcal mattcrof ,nv;l;bl. Ih,ngJ (AUIH/srn;. ). Tb. wot." Ihal abov. and und.r Ih. firnum.nt do not Iymbohu lp""ual,;ncorporwpo"." (B"s'L). Tb.firmamen,i.,h.corporul hUYen. whICh God mad. af"r era"'ng ,h. h.a".nl(O .. ,.., .... ).H.eall.d,h.firm.m.n' h.a".nbecl,,,.,,divid .. ,h.hu,,enJy nullcr from Ih. p.. "hlbl. nu".. (Aoousn .... ).
belicv.thatth.firmam.nrofhuv.nlCp" ra'edth.eorporc.lma.... ofvjsible.h,ng, from.h.inc0'J'O
u.
M..... 'CH ....... I ',".' 7.'
AUGUST ' ''.' Tb. ma" ....... npar ...d by .he ;n,erpolition ofth. fi ....... men' oo.ha, dr.. lower matter il ,hltofbodiu and th.highcr m,"e.tha.ofoouU.O"'T HI L'T.... l l ... TI.· '''. TAT'ON
OF G, .. u,s 8.". '
RIDU C'D TO S ~""O U O"'Ly.B.. s' LT ... G .....T:Bu, .. f.r"con . ctrnlthtup.ntionofthcwa.cr. lam obiisedtocont.lI,b.opin'onofccrla;nwrit · ... in ,hcchllrch ",ho.llnder th.lhado .. o( h.gh and IlIbiimecoocep"onl, t..,vtlaunch.d oll'in'Omtl.phor.ndh."•• ccn;n.h . ....,... only a figurc.odenolC Ip""ual.nd incotpo. powc... In the h'ghe. rcgion •. accord • ingly,abo" •• h.firmamen,.dweU.hebene,: in.h.low.. reSion .. .... rth.ndm.,ttr ... ,h. dw.ilingpl.ccof,htmaJigna n,.So'''yth.,·, God i. p•• iudhy.he ..." ... thll arc abo"c the hu".nl, lhll "'O",·.by the good pow· cr.,th.pllrityofwholCooul malt •• th.m ... o.· mylo.ing.h.prai ... ofGod.Andth....... .. thatar.undcr .hehuvonl •• p.utn,rh • w;ck.d'pirl<., .. hof.-om,h.irnal"ralh.'gh, h.... fallcnin,o,h •• byuof.v,I.Tllrbul.n" ..,di,iou•.• gitat.d by.h.tllmultllow ,,·av •• o( piUl,on"h.yhav...ccivcdth.nam.of.ca, beu"," of ,h. inltabili.,· and th. inconJuncy of .hei. mO".m.nU. Let u. reject: thu. theo· n .... d .. aml andold .. om.o·.,.I••. H"x .... ....o",.g.· TH I WATIU NOT
1:6 A Fi,I,,,u,,. lI li,,d,. W"fc'S N .. T" .. I Of T II . FrU......... T.CU'L or JnU IALi.. : Forwhll faul,h.v.theytofind w"h ,he v.., e...atlon ofGod,whoou\o(,h. fluidnaru ... oflhe,,·It.nform~th.ltabl. • ubstanc. of the hu".nll ForGod ...,d,"Le-! ,h.... beafirmam.n';nlh.m,dllofth.,.,a.... .. God lpokeonccforall,and 11 ltands f.. t, .....u fail,nG' Cn.cHnlc.. L L~CTUazS 9.S. '
...1
BUILTHEG •• n:Andl"rely",en«dno, beli.v.,becauu[th.firmam.n, ).ocml to ha". had itfo"gin,.cco.d'ng 10 th. s.ncraJ und.rlland,ng, from "·..cr, that it i.lil:. • "hcrfrounw..croroom •• uchmatcrialthll ul: .. ".ons,nf.-omrhepercollnono(moil' tu .. ,.uchal ill cry.'ailin •• ock.Hu ... ·
.. ,ao,,;.I.'
T .. EF, ............ rD,v' onVu" .Li ..... "
l",'",.u TH,,"CI. Auc"n, ... ~ Tb......." .... rcd,vid.doo,h.toom.w •• e .bo".,hefi.· mam.n' and oth." belo... Ihe firm.men:. S,ncc ....... ,d,h.rmattcr,,-alcaU.d,,·at«.' 1
Gn.T: Som"'ru! mar_a!< .hi,: Why does ,he Scripoure ,educe to a commlnd oftheC...,· Ofortha,.cndencrtoflowdownwudwhich bdongJ nOfu,.. lIy ,ow.. terl ... If water ha. ,h il tendency by nuu
....0,.,
4.~.'
H ..... v. ,.,. O.IG.,.,: Allhough God had alrcadr previolUly made hcaven. now he make. the firmamen •. For h. made henen fi .. , .• bou, which he l ay":H uvcn i. my. hrone."' Bu t .fur that he maku .he firmament . •h .. i •.• h. corpo rcalheaven.Forcve.yco rporcalobjee , il .... ithollt doub<.firmandoolid:lndi.ilthi. rna,"di"ideslhewa.efwh;chi • • bov(huvcn from the w.,.t which .. belo ... huyen." Ho .. ·
'Lln 0 ... G'''U 'I'.~.· T ... M.TTa.Sno ..·TU. F, ... ...... T 15 Co.Po . . ..... AUGII5TIN.:S 'nccScrlptu ... called he... n the fi,mamen,. wc un wirhou' Iblurdnyholdtha,anrthingbdowrh.erh•. rcalhuven.,nwhieh.nrytl"ng"pel'cful .nd ... bl.... more mu ... bkandpc",h. bl. andil, l<Jndofcorporulmallcrpr,o.tolh e recepllonofbcautrandlhed,sdncnonof forms. O"TU. L'T" .... L l"n."UTATION 0. G .... BS ' S'.~9 ...
):9· )0 THE DRY LAND AND T HE SEA S APPEAR
' And God l aid, "Ltllb. walrrl " wndrr IbtbtJl~.n l " "rgalhrrrdtogrt".r ,nloonrpl"ct, and It! lb. dry land "ppur." And il ..·"l 50.' JOGod ull.d Ibr dry lAnd E"rlh. "nd ID' "·"IHllb"l wrrrg"lhtrrdrogrlhrrh.,,,llrdSru. And Godl",,' rh41 il "'''I good. ·L n _ I ....... ·La ........... _ _ . . _ _ ....... _ _ ..... ...,.,. .... _ _ ~
TO .. ). Th. wa,e.. may Iymboliu the .in. and vi,e.of,hcbody,whkh mu .. bc •• par...d from ,he dry land"ha, i., fl"Om the deed. done in ,h.f1.sh (ORlGHN).h il impo.. ibl. for ,h. human mind to fathom how pr.cisely God creatc. (Guoo1l.yoFNyss .. j.
1:9-10 C,ution ojEarlb
""dS.".
How THE Sus WHIO.HFOIl"BD. JO"NOF D ......sc".: Now. the fac, ,hat Scrip' "'' .pulu of on. gathering doc. no. mean tha. they werega'hered ,ogethr inlO on. pla,. , fornoticethataf.er,hi,i,uy,, ·Andth'gath· .. ing,og.the,ofth.water. heOX F.. tTtI::·9· ' TIl .... SPOR.... TIO .. OFT HE Foll .. LUs M .. T. THR. AUGUST ' ''E: Now when Scripture uy •. "l., ,he " 'atc' which i,be!ow the hu"cn, be ga.heredinroon.g.thering:the•• word. meantha"hi.corporealma.teri • •obe formed into tht bnu,y ,ha, the •• "i.ible ,,' ..e.. ho.e,Thi.ga.hcringinroontpl.ce i. .h. formation of.he. e W'''r$ that we .. t and louch. For e"err form i. reduced.o a rule of uni'),.\Vharel ••• houldw.u nde.$tandi. mcan,byth.word.-Iet.hedryla ndappcar · .hanthi. m.nerrec.i"e. thevi,ibl. formtha. thi.nrth ,ho, w~.<:eand touch no'" ha., H.n.. th.pr ..·ioll'Up.... ion·,h ...rth,,· ... in,·i.ible and wi.hou. form" "gnir..d rh. con · fu.ionandob.curit)·ofman.r.and.h • • xpreuion·rht ,,·a •• roverwhich rh • •piritof God"·a.born '- lisnifiedtha.umema,,~c.
But now.hi.watcr.nd .. "hareformed from ,harmar,,:r,ha,wascan.dbyth.irnam .. beforeithadtec.ived,h.fo,ms,ha,w.no"· Two Boo". ON GENUIS AGAINST THB M .. N'C .... UN51.t:.IS.'
l e<:.
TH~ Eu .. mNTG RmCE' VE TH ml .. F.... ,LI .. .. FOIl .. . . AUGUST.wa:H.nce.atth.wOTd. ·le, ,h. w.,.rs b.gathered together, and let drr land appcar.".he •• rwo thing. ( • .,thand w... r J r ...ived rheir proper form. familiar.o uS andp.rceiv.d b)"our •• n... , warer being mad. fluid and earth IOlid. Ofwarer. ther. fore. i,i. nid:L • • i. be gathered": ofcarth, -Le,itappear."Forw.tertcnd5toebband flow, bu, urth rtmain. im mobil •. 0 .. TH" L,YBAAL l wTBapUT .. Tlo,",OFG"WUIS
,.11.>4. '
T HH LO"D N.... n n"l EU'UWTS. CHaY. sosToM:H,v·rou ... n.d •• rbrother,ho\\" God. in a •• n..... ripp.d,h •• arth, wh ich "'... invi.ibl.andforml.... and,,·.. coveredbr·h. w..... asifth.yw ..eveil •.• nd.how.du.iu face, after he had impo.ed anappropriatt n.meonita.well'·Andthegathering.ofth. wa .. "h.call.d.ea.:So.h.watcrsal.ogo, ,heir nam •. In fact .... an excell.n. craft.man , whos.uou"omaktwi,h hi. art a cerr.;n ,·a. e,d.,."nO. gi"e it a namt lln,il ht has com· plet.d it, so tn . good lord do-e. nO. impo •• n.me. on ,he elements until ne ha. put them in their pl"Oper pl ace according to hi. com · mand.Thereforeafterth ...rthhadreceiv.d itlnam.andhadreach.di"propcrform.the ga'hered watt" we .. callcd with ,heit own name. HO"'LIU ON GEN~S" $.'0.'
G ... Ul5"U·',
Su• • ous ,. O. THI S ....... NO THI DU L .... O.O .. 'GIN:l.cfUllabof,rhcreforc, to guher·rh.waterrha,isunderhel ... n·and ,asti,fromulrha,'thedryland:whi,hilou, de.d. done in ,h. nub. migh, appear. When ,h ,.hubc:endone ,·m.n ..cingourgood worlu may glorify OUr Father who il in h....,en."' For if wc ha ... no''''pua,cd fromUJ ,hOleW.lCn ,hll.rcundc,heav.n.,hllil, ,he.iru and""Clofourbody.ou.drylan.d will no. bc:abl.,oappcarnor h.". ,he eourag< ,o.dv.nc.,o.h.logh, ••.. Th • .dryl.nd.aft.' ,he ",al.r WII rcmo ....d from i •. did no,con · "nucfunh.,u"d'ylan.d·bu,,,·unamc.d •.... h·byGood· i ••• if,hils'pa.. ,ionftom,hcmtakupl.c., will no longerrcmain"dry lan.d:The), ",ill. on meconrrary·. N,aJI.d"..rth"bccall..,th.y,an no ..' NarfrllnforGod.Ho"'LlHso .. GE" ~'
b.ani .... italtogcth.rfromourdiscUJIion.E~cn in m. cue of m,ngs which are quite ""mm the grupofollrunderll .. ndingand ofwhich wchavc..,nliblcpcrccpt;on.i,wouldbc: impouiblcforlhc&pcculuivcrcuon,ogr;lIp th.·how · of.hcp.od"Clionofth cphcnome· non.1tI mIlChIO,ha,ucn inlpi,cd and o.indy mcnhavcdccmcdlllchqllu"on.,nltllllbl• . Fo,in,"ncc.thc .. pootlcuyl,·Throughf.nh wcundCf$landlh .. ,th.wo,ld.wCfefram.d by,h....ordofGo
5,5 ,.~.'
SOU~""DTHI RI5V~UCTIO""
Ho .. ' 0 10 GOD C~~"Tlt GUGo~r OF Nrss..:Asforlhequcnionofprecilcl),ho,,· .n)·"nglclh,ng,.. mClnloulslcncc,w.mulI
'M,s"6.'FClI.-50-SI.'l-W>II," ""1'NFlS,,S'-s&..
1:11.13 THE CREATION OF PLAN T S
" Ana Goa uia. 'La Iht tarth put forth Vtgtl
0" ..", ....: S,nce plan ts .... diffe .. n, In 'P'" , ,., from • .,Ih and "·lIcr. th.r"c ercOfcd
nparlld)' f,om ,hol<: clom<:nu (AuGu!
vegetuion"beume a law of nuu .. and .. main.d in th.urth {B ... SIL).Th.carth did nolofit.clfp
NySSA ).
THS G.UT: Afte •• h.carth.tidofth._ight of the w... t, had rc ..ed,th. command had. cometoi"obringfonhfi.Jlth.he.bs,thenth. Ire«.An<1thi. we .." .. iU happcningeven a, the p.... n, tim •. Fo. ,h. voi.. th., w""then h.ardan<1,h.fi .... ,commandb<:cam•. asi'_re. • lawofnaturc an<1.emained in th.carth.giv· ingitth.po_rtoproduceandbea.fruitforall .ucceed.ingtime.HHx,o,".. BRONS.'.' P L "NTSC RBAT~DTHRO UGH THUWORU. BAs'LTHRGRuT:VJh.nthecarthhe.fd.
" Ler it bring fOrlh v.geution and thefrui,
,rce.; it did not p.oduc. plants.ha, it had hidden.nit;no,didi •• endup ,othe.urface the palmor.h. oakot ,he cypress that had been hidde n somewhere down r..,low in irs womb. On the contrary, it i~ th e divine Wor<1 .h.tis theofiginof,hingsmad •. H ux ... E ' .,noN S.I.'
PUNTSC....·... I> S .........;.BLTF. OM
TH ~I\.t,R"'CLIIOFVHG6T"," H) ". B" 5 ' ~ TH i
E ... RTH ...."'W...TH R. AuGUSTINE:H ... w.
GIlS ... T: "LCl'he eafthbringforrh horb.: Andin.h.bri.f... momen,of,im.the •• fth , beginningwithgerminationinorder.ha,i, mightkcepth.lawl oftheCteatot.p.ssing through.very form ofinc.ease. immediately brought th • • hoo," ", perfect ion. The mead · ow. we •• deepwithth eabu nd . ntgrau "he r."il. plain •. tippling wlth.unding crop', prc.entcdthepictureofa.welling sea with iu moving heads of grain. Andevety herb an<1 everr kind of vegetable and wh.,.ver .hrub.andl.gum •• ther. wereros. from ,h. eatth at that time in all profu.ion. Hnu· M ~ "O" S.S"6.'
mu .. nOl. th. plan of the Rul er of the wo.ld. Sincethec.opsandtrees"eat.darediffu. en' in spuiesffom ea"h and ,,·... r.nd 10 canno' be cou nted.mong 'he e!emenu. the decruby ",·hich th. )· ... '0 proceed from the •• "h is given.eparatel)·. and ,hecuSlomary phrasesd.scribingthei."u,ion ... pu, down.epar.tcl)·.ThusScriptures.y.,"And ..,i,wasdone." andrh.ntherci • • r.petition of .... h.tw •• don •. Ther.i ••• p.ra'. m.nt;on also of the fact ,hat God ..,,· tha. itwu goo<1.Bu,.incethe.ecreatur.. clingf... to the.a"han<1arejoined,oirby,hi,
T ."GU... ''' ...T10!
1:12 Bri" gi ngFor/J, V'gehltion
G.,..,sIS''''''J F. " .. T H . E ... 1l C ...... T Ha G ..... , ... GIlIlGOU Of Nus ... , In ,h~ beginning. we .u. it was nOI .n ur
wat ,huI m.de read,·. And Ihe n ew ( Om .h •• wouldbt food fo. Adam and hi. de",.ndan ... who would hc,h,..., ... n ou' ofpa •• di, < four diy' I.,er. will UtlU p.(p •• cd. CO.... UIT U.~ O... G I"ISls , .n.l·~,·
u.. neT'"''' ' T ... PO ...... OU' .... DT., ..... T PL .... TI. AUGU ST' .. !: The M.n;chaun • • r•• ccu.· ,omcd.o ",', - If God comm.nded rh •• the "dibl. plant • • nd.hf,ui,,,eu (omefonb tTo",.hcu. .. h, ... hocommanded.h .. there come fon" '0 m.ny.hQ.ny orp","onollJ plan .. . ha,a"u,eICNforfood and.., many • ...,c. , ...,bearnofru'tl" ..• We.hould . ay .hen that ,"e ea .. h wu ( uned br re...,n of t ... .'n of m.n .o th.t it bt.n thorn •. no. .h•• i"hould luffe'puni.h m. n,.",ce i, .. ... i.houtl-CnOluonblltlha'"lhouldalway' bef".e.h. eya ofman.h.judgmcn, upon hum.n II n. Thu. me n migh, be admoni,hcd byit.o.urnawlrf,o",sin, and."tt"n.o God'. comm.ndm.n ... Po,.ono". pl.n" Wcr. cre ..cd .. a puni,bmen. o,a,. «,.1 for mo, ,.1.. All ,hi, i, .he ,e,ult of "n. T wo BOO1<5 o .. G . Hu ' sAG .. ' ..STTH iM .. NtCH .......S
Do NOT Wo .., .. ,,, THKSUN. B"'ILT .. [ G .....T: The adOtTlmen, of me carlh is old"r
,h.n thc.un . •h., ,hose who hove bun mislcd may ccuc wor.hip,ngmeoun ...heo.iginof life. H.X ..... B.""
T H. SUN D ID NOT CIlUTti V.Gn .. T, ,, .. . A"uoSB:Le,e~eryone be informedth •• ,h< .un .. no.rhc.urho,ofvegc:ta.lOn ..•. Howtan ,he.ungwc rhe facul
,.,).151·"
,heJ,fo.-gw,ng n"a"vepowc
TH ~ E".T H
PUT FOIlT" V.C.T.. T' ..... BU ' l THIG~"'T:A, th".aying all ,h.d.nu wOO
youngc:' than theg<e<:rI u,oot.youngc:rth.n the g,un plant. H ax"'MEIlON J.6.' H " ... T H .PUNTSA" ..... . . o .E"H U .. THI
Su., .... : AI.hough .he gru.u wc •• onlr . mQmcn.old ••• heitn ... ,;on •• b"y.pp..... d U if .her wue mon.b, old. Likewi,,,, the ••cu .• hhoughonlra d.y old ... hcn.hcy ' p,ou,ed forth. wne n""crlhelc" like treu ycanolduthcy wc,e fullyg,ownandfru". "·ero.I,ead,·budd,ngo,,.hcorbnnchu. The g,u, .h.....ollldb.'equ'.eda, foodf",'h.
'NPN FB"'~. 'K_~.
arum.I"".''''''T< '0 bccr....dtwo.uy'I ..cr
'l=C7_PGSIM.. 'FC
':ba7. 'K"!II(l."'Fc~
j;"
an daborat~ .y.t~m which brought to p<:rf~c· ,ion mo.~ .wifd)· than OUT ,hough, ,h Count· 1." prop~r'i",ofplanu.HiXA6"'6RONS.6,
le,"
whocon.ideuhim.elfwi •• r,hantherevcla_ tions of ,he Spiri'and introdueu hi. own iden in preten .. of an ~xp!anation. Th.rdor~. leti,beund... tooda.ith ... b.enwril1en. HSX .. SM"RO.,g.I. "
V~GBTAT IONNoTASTM"OL.BASllTHE
G ....T:Whenlhu,·grau,·I,hi nkofgraS$,
andanox.lnd~ed.·lamnOluhamedof,h.
GOO,NOTT ... SU",C RBATllnDAT.jo.. " CHRYSOSTOM: H. er~at~d th~ 5un on the fourth day I... you ,hink it i. the causr of the da)·.HoMluESoNGsNBS1S6.' .... "
..'FC74
1:14'19 CREATION OF THE HEAVENLY BODIES "Alld God Inid, "Ltt rba. b. Iigb(, in rh. firm~m.n' of lb . beavt nl" to Uparal. rb. dn),frDm 110. nighl; ~nd It! Ibem b. for lignl nnd for . UIDn l nnd for daylllnd yrnn, " and l.r Ih.m brlighr.' in Ihcfirmam.nl of rb. heauen l 10 giu.lighl wpen 110 • • ar l b: And;( Wn $ 10. " And God mad. th . rwogrtalligbll, Ibr gr.altr I;gbt (0 rwl . rb. dn)" and rh,ltller ligb( (0 rwl. 110. n;gbt; b. madr (h. 51~rJ nlIO. 17 A nd God Itl rh.m in th. firma m.nt of lb. b.ou.n," 10 giuelight wpon 110, eartb , " 10 rwle ouer lb. day and ou.r tb . nigb:. ~nd ro l.pa rare rh e lighr from rh. dnrk" e". And God In", t~nl ir w~ 1 toed. " And I~crr ",al rvening and Iher. ",al morning. ~fowrlh day. ·U:O: _ _ (.......J ·u:x .... Ioo .... _
" .... _·J.Xl Ioo _ _
The heav.nly bodi ......he ..ctp.aduof.he primordial light, which God cru •• d On ,he fi.ft dal' ( jOHNOfDAMA:;COS) Their function i. 10 rule the day •. th~ .~a..,n ' OV ....VIllW'
.nd'hey~a n { BAsIL.CnJLoFj.RUSAL.M ).
Th." .is n,fixdi5finctin .. ",.I.of"m~ (AUGUST,,
Star., the .un and th ~ moon "'e .. er~a,~d. ,he dal' and th~ nigh, w~r~ divided among ,h. heavenl,. bodi~,. Th~ h~av.nly bodi .. muS< be oDservedHnaruralphenomen.bu' nO' in ord.. ,ofor~ca",h.futurc (AUGUSTI"E ) .Th. s"n.ymboli~ .. ,h.d;vin·soodn.&. (Pnul>Q· D10 ...... SIVS) . Th •• un and mOOn .ymboli:e Chri .. and.hechurcb.rneltarsarcsymbol.
,h.
ofth.uin"andthcproph~ts(OR1G1!"').
1: 14-15 Liglm ill Ib,Fir"""lIf ll!
U .. oIUllon. HUAI ....ON 6.'"
N... TUI. 0' THa H .... v ... u Boo •••. JOH"
Wu~·O IDn.aD
D........scul: Fir. i. on. of th. four eJ.· m.nu.huloghrandmo
J...uuuM:Menough, loh •...,b.,.nal'on·
OF
clc. OnHoDOzF"'TH~.7.'
T HE'. FUNI;T.Oo;. BU'LTH~ G ....T: "l., ,h.m l ....c; h"'Y'."fur ,h"fi",ingofd. y.; no,form.k>ngd" Ylbutforord ... ngth .d.y". Fo,d.)· .ndn'ghl ••• earli.rlh.nlh.g.n ... · ,ionoflh.luminari • •.' Thi.,hcp.. lm dcd •• uto ul wh.n"o.yo: "H.pla..dth •• un '0 rul . ,h. d'r. Ih. moon and ..... ' 0 rul. ,h. night:' Ho ...·. ,h.n.d"". ,h•• unrul.,h.d·r! Bec.u... ... h.n"".' ,h•• un.nrrying,h. I'gh, aroundw,lhil . riIClab.w.ourhOTl:on.;, pu...n.ndlothcdarknu. andbrongoulrh. d.)·. Th.ufouon....ouldno'.nifh...... uld d.fincrh.d.)· u .... logh,.db),th •• un.oru ,h. m ... ul"fc of Um. in ... hich ,h. oun .. "iu ,nth.h.m"phc.. abov.lh.urth.Butlh. . un.ndth.moonw.... I.o.ppoinl.d,ob. for Ih. yea ... The mOOn. whcn it h.. corn· pl«.diucou ..c,wcl ... ,im ••• m... urel a year.urcp"harirfr.'1 u.ndrnccd •• ninl.r· cala'l·monthforth •• ccurlt.d.,crm,n.,ion of,h • • cuon,.u,h.H.brc .... . nd,h.moit anCICntGr.ckaformc.lrm.uurcd,h.ycar, ThcJOlaryca,"lh.rc,urnoflheJunfrom. corta,n"gn,o,hltum."gn;n,utcgular
MovaM ... T5. CU'll o~
i.h.d and amaud DOl onlr at the arTang.ment of .hc.un.nd mOOn but aboat ,h.wdl. o.dendmo ... men •• of.h...... "ndrhci• unfuluedc"urus.nd.h.limcly.i.ing"f ..cb "frh.m;ho..·.om.".. lign.of . umm.r. (I.h ... "f ...intcr:h"w l omeindical.lh."m t fo •• o... ing, olhe ...h•• imn"f navig""on . C"TlcH.Tlc ~ Ll!cTU"U9 ·8.'
W""TV .. aca" B" THBSuo;. A"'''OII:look fl ..ton,h.firmam.n,ofh ..... n.wh"h ..... madcbcf.... thelun.lookfin'on.h.earth . wh,chbcg.n,obcY;I;bl •• nd,,·al .lr.adr formed bcf... c,h•• un PUt in 'u appc ...nce. I..ookat .hcplan uoflh.urth.wh.chpr •• uded In \lm. rh. Ioghl Oflh.l un. Th. bum . blcpt.ced.dth • • un.Thcbladcofguu .. old.r,hanthcm.o<>n.Th.rcfore.donol believc tha, obJecl '0 bc a god 1o which.h. gifllofGod ... ..,.n'obcp..r.... d.Thr.. dayl hav.p . ...d.No"n •. mcanwhilc. h .. looItedfo,thc,un.yc, .h.brilliance ofl'ght ha.bccn.nu,dcnuntrywhuc.Fo.rh.da)" 100h&$,ul'ght.wh"hiollSclf 'hcprccurJOr of rhc Sun. Hn .. IMuoo;"" ,· T HE 0 . " .. OF C." ..T I O ... C HUIOSTOM: For.h., rca'(In ,h. ble".d M"ns. ,nsp".d b)' .h.d,v,n.Sp"".,uche.usw"hgrurprcc,. sion.I .. , .... fa!1vlC,iml(1,h" .. me,hi ng' " ,hey.;nltud "fbcingablc .o knowdear!r b(lrhrhc.cquenc.ofcr.at.drhings andh",,· cachlh,ngwucr."cd. You.., •• if God,nh"
GDlU""""l can for 0 ... J,llvl.ion had nOl diruud m. longue of ,he hibl ical autho. in thia way. i. would hlvcbccn auffic;cn, ,oaay ,ha, God m.d.hea... n.ndur.h " h •• uandli .'ng ,hing,.andno •• dd,h.ord.rof.hdlya nor wha. wu cr. u .d fin • • nd what latu. HOMIlIUO",G . NUI57. IO.'
noth.ldbackbrth.wot.u·andev.n,"gQm~
andmorningnm.,.. fa.w .... th .. thi.c.n . no, naw ,ak. placo ,.,i,haut th~ mo... mcn. of th ••"n. Hcn cc wc • •• lcnwiththci n,e,p •• t. · .ionth.t in,b"p"riadof ,ime chcdivi.iona hetw..nth .... orluw... call.dc .. ~ning heca .... of thccompletionofthcworkth.t "''aldan•• ndmomingbccau.. oftheheg,n· ningoflh • .,orlo:.ocom•. Scripturcuy•• h .. aftct.helihne.. ofhumanworka. I1nce,h.y gen...llyheg,n,n,hemorn;ngand.ndlt ucning .... {Then Scrop.u •• "rs. "And God , ctthem ;n.h.fi rm. mcntof.hch.,.vcna tO giv.ligh,uponth ••• "h .•arul.o •• rthcday I ndov.rlhcnigh •. and.odividc.helight from the da,kn . ..:j Ag',n ther aak,"Ho... did Godp.. yio",ly d,v;d.th.lighl.ndth. darknclI " ifh. mad. ,b. h.... nlr hod,es on ,bi. ,herourtbda)·!'Thc ..fo ••• hesewo.d" ",odi. ;d.th.lightfromth.darkn... ; m,"n ",odivid •• mong.h.m.clvc •• be logh. and ,b. d..kn .... lOthlt ,h. d.)' i.gi •• n ,o.h •• un .nd,h.nigh.,o.h.moonand.h.o,h.r ltau."Th.d,)· and.henigbrh.d.lr.ad r he• n di."ngulJh.d " but nOt yct in relanon to.h. h....nly bod,es. Two BooKS 0 .. G .....I S AGA INJTTHIM .... ,C.. AUNS'.14.10-~J."
E... CT M ... .. 'NGO. "S' G...."Auo ...n",.: W •• houldno.in.crp.c.th...gnauaom..h,ngo.h.,.h.n"mu.ForS"ip....,ci,now .puldngof.he.. "me.thuby.hc,rd""nc< inltrvlbconv.y .o .. , .h•• u.rni'yrcml'ru; ,mmutabl•• bo .. e ,hem 10 .hl. rim. migh, appcaru • • ign,.hat i.,aa I vu.igfc of •••• • nn)·. Likewi.., wh.n; • • d.u,".nd ford.ya.nd foryu ..;n.hoWJ ofwh .. t'mesi.i"pc.k· ,ng.Thucdar.comeabo",hy ,h. rcvol .. t'on of,h.find .....,.ndfTomthi.;tbccom.a o!>Violl. wh.nth •• un compl., • • ,ultlrry '0",.. ,n ap." i, .. I.ry.... ONT HI L'TI ..... L INTHPUT..T'ONoFGBNU,",).)a.'
T HISTA • • Do NOT FO R.C .... T THM F"TUR', AUGUST' NE: Evcryo nc un dcratandl tb.,tb.r.;•• grutdiff.renccbctw•• n.nrolog,c.lp..d,'"on.ndoo...... ingth ••,... u nalu ..lph.nom ......, in,h ...... y th.: farm ... anduilo .. do , eithcr.ov.,ifyg.",raph".! . ..... ar'o .... r,hircourse ... m.wh.r.,u piloll of.h,p' do. and Itavel... , mlking.bClt ....)'.h,ougb,h... ndrwa .... of,n..lOu.h
_t.
'Fc,._, PGSl'os.'fC..,Ln-_ ...... c.-I ....S. ''etc.-L.... S. "Fe_...
H
L~t .... I'LI.
"'C1
wnh nolu", p.th;or touplaon OOmt poi1lf of doctrin.bymcn.ioni ngoomcoflh.luraua uscfulmu"ruion.AII ... id . • herc lIlg",a, diff.rcncc be,ween,h"'pra
:~6hS;;;.~ .har. in light. D'''''' B N"MBS S,," .... o MOOh'AIIlS" ".'O. TH . T.UH L":HT.O. ,GI,.'AI thooclighllofhca"en ,h ..... c ... h.".bc..... t·for"gns.nd..,.· ... nll ndday".ndy •• n:lh .. th'j'm'ghtg'''. light from ,hcfirm.men, ofhu"en to thos. whoar.ontheurth . ..,alloC h"ll.illumi· natinghllchu,ch.gi ...... ign.brh"p.... pn. ,h., on. m'ght know ho ...·. wh.n thclignhu
bccn r«ciycd . 10 uapc.hc· .......,h to come:" lut·th. td.yovnl.akchimlik•• th, .r:"bu, th.trath .. h.ca .. "''''h· th.acecp .. bl.yurof .h.Lord:"Chri l t.lh.",for •• i.th."tru.ligh, which.nlighlCnJ C"" ' j' man coming inlo thil world:" From hi. !ight th.chu,ch ill. lfallo h."ingbc.n.nligh.. n.di. m.d."th.lightof !h. world · enligl... ningtho.. ·w ho ... in darkn.u:"u aiJoCh,i .. h.moclf .. nifies.o hisd,lCipl..... ying.·l"ou ... th.logh,o( th. world:- H OluulS 0 .. G Il NUIS 1.6." T HBST"UUSYM_OLS.O .. ,GIIN ,JUllut h. .un.ndth.moon .....id,ob. th .g..11 ligh lli nthcfl rm.m.n.ofhuv.n.ooabo ... Chri.. and Ih . ch urch in us. Bu t sinccGod atlopl.ecd ..... in.h. firmam.n'.lc,usoc. ...hlt a.~ at ........ In UI. th ..... in!he heaven ofourhUrI.MoIClila.tar ,nu, .... hich ohin ••• ndenbghICnl ul brh ...cn.Andoo ...Abraham .haac.Jacob.lsaiah.Jer.miah. Ezckicl. Da"id. Da nicl. and all to whom Ih . HoJ yS"ipl ur...... ifythal,h·rpl.u.dGod. Forju.... ·l1ar diff... from ..arinSl0'Y· .. oo al$ouchof,h .... in ... acco.d,ng.ohtsown grcalneu •• hcd.o his lighr upon UI. HOM'M HJ ON G.NI5J5J.'."
1:20·23 GOD C RE ATES THE BIRDS AND THE AQUATIC CREATURES
:Ill
A"d God loid. "Ltl lb. ",oftrs &"i"gforlb ,,,,Orml of livi"g (rtOlwrel ... "d [It! Ioirdl fl,)"
"(
·u:x-.ol_ ....
'UI ~"""._
... ·u:x_'l..a.. . -.... lWJ. _ _
OVu.v , ....,Godg...( ......... ,h.."p.op<. o.namcnrbr,,,,allngl.... mm,ngcr ... I<m'I,nd bmu (BUlL), The bird. did nol ongina •• from "'a'u".d m.hcground .... prcfigura"onof,h .... u.· rec"on (A.. BIIOS&.Gucou· Oof NY&SA).
,h.
AOOItt<'t
GUAT,Ancr ,h. crca own plan ... Th. huven. had r •.:c;y.dth.flo",... oflL1 ...ndhadbccn adorned with ,wogrcat ligh .... ifwnh ,h. .adianccof,wineycs.It •• rnaincdfo •• h. wa,.ra" oo.tobcgiycnrhtITf"Opcroma· men •. The command ,amc. l mmed,a,c1r ....... w••• producri ..e, and marlhyl.k •• wcrc fruit· rulof'p
8"SlCTH I Gun:Godallou.id ."l..o lbirdl fir above Ih~ unh "non Ih~ firmamenl of Iheheavenl" Whrdidh~g,v .... 'ngcdc.ca· ru.el lllolhciro.iginf.omlhewarefl! Beclule lhe flyinganimabhaveace,, "in .clltion. hip. u i, were. wilh Ihole Ih., Iwim. FO' Julf II Ih. fi.h "",h. wa'e •• gOing for· wlrdwilh,hemo,ionof,helrfin l .ndguid · Ing,he"'urnl andforw ..dmo~menllbr .he ,h.ngeof ,hei,nib .... . J... 'n Ihe caJ~of b"d •• lh~rcanbelunculUng.ndmo"lng Ihrough ... onw,ng.i n .h.,.mc manncr. H UA . ....o!<8.:.' S I.. I1LT .... BOl1iCIl~ ATIO .. OF M .... y L.' v . , .. c: S .".Oi . ... .. BII.OsE'Theflven ...er.in labo,.ThcI.kclp ro
,.' 8 , ,.oiG'''''''AT,o . llo .. A,,.SATI1IU1TI,, w, T.. W.. TI,.. "'"Gusn ... , [The Man"hac · an l ) u.uall)·fl ndf.ult.qu."ioningl ndoft. n mi"cpru.ntlngSnip.urtfor ur;ng,h .. no. m.r.ly ,ho.... nimll. ,hlt] iv. In ,h. ,nICtbu, .. I.... hou,h",fly,n.h.'".nd all w,ngcd cru.ure. wert born from ,h. ,.·...... l., .h.mltno"· ,h., lurned men whoc... fully "",u ttg ... ,h . .. matt. fl uJu, allri nd ude with Ihe .... ,e r lhi.doudr .nd moi" .i. In whi ch ,he bird . fl y. Fo,itcome. ,,,suh •• and b.,omu d.n .. "'"h Ih~ U· hola"on'"nd wha, I m'si>, caU vaPOfl of
the.UlO fhali,canluppo.lfh.fligh,o( birds. ThUI on calm nigh .. i'pftlQueu dew. andd, op" of,h,.dc,,· ••e fo und On Ih. g••1J in . h. morning. Two f!.oou 0'" G . ... .,s ... " .. ' ..ST TH 8 MA .. 'C .. AIIA"' S
S .....OLl . .. O. TH BSW ..... ' .. " ..... oF LTl N.. C,. ...TI1 tlS.OIIlGI":Acco.diogto Ih., le" . ... lw'mmingcr.atur~I" .nd" bi .do ·are bftlugh. fo"h by .ht,,·a,en at 'he comma nd of God . • ndw. rccogni2tbr whomlh ... Ihi ngl that w•• '" h.n hen made. lIuIle, u• ..., how a!,o· lhu . ... m. thingleom • •ob. in ou, firm .. m.n, ofhu... n. rhar i •• in ,h. fi,m. nelJ of Our mind or h."r,. I ,hi nk . hat ifou. mindhllbc.oenlightenedbyCh.ill, ou. l un . i.,.ord.redafte ...... ard.ob.ing forthfrom ,hue "'".n chat are in i'·lw;mminl e rU ' lu.cl" . nd"b"do ch.,fl,·:,hat,•. • ob" ngou , in.o . h.optn go-odornil . h"ugb u ,h."herc m;gh,bc l di"inctionof.hego-od ,hough .. from rhe uil. wh icb
WH Y THE 5 ... MO .. JTI U W.,.. C,.... y.". B.. S' LY HI G ... AT'·Godc .....d .h. g r..'"ca mon"e n ..... nd ..... bec.ul.,h.y .r.larger Ihanlhelh.imp and h.rring ltt,h cyutled grca,.bu,bccaUICwith.heirimmenoehod'.1
S •• ( ' U P.CU LI .... P .. O....T' u RICI' VID GO D.A....o ..: lnth.p'n. con. naN .. ..,.mt to upr ... an ,mag. of iuelI. h prc •• rvCJiupcculiarp.opcrtictwh"hil ..ce;v.df.... mthatdivin~.ndcel.nioJcorn· mand . and't «pcauinth•• ,onand order ofth. yean ".g. nention un.il,hc.nd o(um.ilfulfill.d.Hn.. EMII.ON).,6.6a. "
."0"
u" ...
D, ... aINc" SU,T.. 'NBD. AM.aon: Th. Word of God pc~mu.~ '''''Tf c,uru.. ,n tht con.mu.ion ofthewodd. H.nce. as God had ordained.allk'nd.oflivinJ;c ..atur •• wer. '1 ukklypradllc.df.... m ,h.u ..h.lncornpli• ancewithafi..dla .. theyall.ucceed.ach o.h •• from'g•• oag.according.olh.i r upcct and kind. The lion g.netate. a lion;.h. , iger. a rig .. ; th.o~,anol ; .h. Jwln .llwln;lndrht ugl•. lneagl •• Wh",,·uonc •• nJOin.d becamtiflflaN",ahabi,foraU.ime.H.nc< rh... nhhal no. ccued ,ooff... hchomlg. ofitl •• rvicc. The o.iginal.peciu of living c«atu ••• i'''p.oouc.dfo,futu«I,.,bylUc, c
6.).,." SUCCUS ' O" P Il15l"vID. S ..SILTHI G ... n:Th.nltu",ofulldngobjeC'l.,lCr ,n mo.ion by onc commlnd, pules through n .... 'ioow"holl.chang•. byg.ne... ion.nd dUt,uuion.preouvingth.lllcc...iono(rh. k,nd. th,ough.eaemblanccuntilltruchu •h''''''Yend.ltbcg.uahor..,uth •• ucc.uor ofaho'lC.ahonofalion.ndanuglcofan cagl •. h continu • • topr.... v.eachofth. Inimab by unint.rruprcd.uccu.sionl until •h. con.ummauon of rh. un'v ...... No i.ngrhofllmccau.urh.,pccificcharacr•• II' uClof.hcan,mab,ob.corrupredotex",,,, •• bll •. uifes.ablilh.dju .. recend),.nl.ure •• v.. fr.,h. move. along ... "h "m•• HEL...... O~· 9·~· ..
H" •• ' DS A-"I T H I Wo ... Of H" .... N5, NOT OF GOD. A.. non: \Vh., pu... nd .. nllrnioh.dgene.a.iorufoUowwi'holl'in ••• · minglingon.afr.tanothct.lo .ha,athymal • lll.prnducuathymallus:alu.wolf.a.u. wolf.Th.....aco.pion .• oo. pr... rv • • un ..ain.di .. marriag.lHd... . Fi.h •• h.... fo •• ,kno ..'nothingofunionwlfha.lienlpc· ...., Th.y do nOt hav. unnatunl bct .... ,hal.
.uchuac.d~$ign.dlrbc<>llghtabolltbctwcc~ animaboftwodiffc
for rhc marc. <>"gain the femal.d<>nk'yandth.h<> .... b<>,b being uampl .. ofllnnaturalllnion.C.rtainlytbeu .rccas .. ;nwh;chn.tur•• uff... m<>rtintht n.turc<>fdefilem.ntnthcrth.nth.t<>finjurr .<>th.i~div;duaI.Man .. anab.tt<>cofhrb';d b.rrennc.. i. re'p<>nsibJtforthi •. Hec<>n,id . en a m<>ngrel animal m<>rc v.luable than <>nt <>fagcnuine.pccie •. Y<>umixt<>gethocalitn .peci ... ndy<>umingl.divers....d •. HBxAE . MEROl< S.j·9·" insnkcya~d
S1IBD.P .. BF ' CU .. "R BSU .... H<; T'O l<. AMSROSE,S •• d. ofonekindcann<>.be changtdin,oanoth .. kind<>fpla ntnocbring focth pr<>ducedifftcing from iu own seed., so that men should spring from l erpcnto and n •• h from teeth. How much more, indeed. is i"obebelievedtha,whatcvcrhube.ns<>wn ris ...gain in iu own narurcand th., cr<>psdo not differ from their .. ed.thatsof"hings d<> nOt.pringfr<>mbardnothardfrom.oft.nor i'p<>i'<>nchangedi n,oblo<>d.bllttha.ncsbi. ru.o .. d fcom A.sh. hone from bone. blood from blood. th. hum<> .. <>fthe Ix>dy fr<>m hllm<>rs.Ol
B<>,,>' I I
G RECORY OF Nus.;., Wc learn from Scriptur. in.h ••"<>un,<>fth.firs,crcui<>nrharfi,,t th. urth brought forth "the green herb" {as the narrativcuys). andrh.nfr<>mthis pl.n, ..ed ...·•• yiclded.fr<>mwhich . whtnit ...... • h.d<>n,h.~r<>llnd.,heumef<><m<>flhe<>rig_ ;nal plant again.pb.crv.d. .Ands<>
wcleunfr<>mhim.hef.crn<>,onlytha'ou r hum.n;rywiJlbe,henchangedim<>romc· thingn<>ble.bllt.J&<>tha,whatwchav• ,h.... int<>cxpecti.nothingel.. th.nth.t which wu a. ,he beginning. ON THB SOU~ "NDTH~RBSU"U<;T!Ol<. "
S o uu 0 0 NOT M t C.... TB. GRI!COIlY Of Nvss.;.: Th<>.e who w<>uld contend that ,he .«>lllmigcatcointonaru.c.div.rg.ntftom each<>,he...cm,ome to<>bliter.tcaJlna ,uc.l distinction._to blend and c<>nfusc .og.therineverrpo.. iblc rcspectth.rati<>nal. irrational,the.cnrien, and the inun.... : if. that i•• all thcse arc t<>pus in,o each <>,her with no d;otinct natural <>rder sedllding tbcmf.<>mmutualrransition.Tourth.,<>nc
.n.
.ndth.um.s<>ul.<>n,cc<>lln,of . p.cti~llla,
envir<>nmen,<>fbod)·.i,"<>nctim. antional andin,dlecrual'<>lll •• ndthatth.niti scav. erncd along with the reptiles, or hcrd. with th.bicds.ocis.b..st<>fburden.or.carniv<> . r<>uS one.<>"wim, in th c d.ep; <>rev.n drop. downt<>anin •• n .... thing"' •• 'ostcikeou' I'O<>U <>r become a c<>mpl""tTc•• p,<>ducing bud. <>n branches. andf,<>m tho .. bud • • fl<>wcr.<>r. th<>m. <>rafruitcdiblcorn<>x· i<>",-,ouythi,isn<>.hing shonofmaking .11 ,hing'the ume and belieyingth., <>nc .;n· glenuurcrun.througb.l1b .. ings:tbatth ..c i. a c<>nn.cri<>n b.twun them which blend. andc<>nfu ... hopele ..lr·llthc marlub), whicb <>n.c<>llld bcdistinguished from an<>the •. 01< THE SOUL .. HD THE RUUUBC' TJOI<. "
"1'C41d66. SM-l.
""'l'Nn, ,,, , ~;,
"NPNFH"6;. "NPNF2
Pu .... o u Of THti BUUINC. AIJCU5TINB: God wan,.d rhe ble.. ing'o hav.the power of fecundi,y. which is r.v •• I.d in rh. Jucce .. ion ofoffJpring.Thus.thoughth.animal,wer. made weak and mona!. th.r might by that
ble..ing pre.erv. rheir kind by giving binh. ON TH ! LITBllAlINTBRP~ITAT ' ON O~G"N~. 515'5.50." - - ------
1:24·25 CREATION OF THE ANIMALS OF THE EA R TH
Z'A nd Go d said. "Ltr rb t tartb bring fortb lli~i ng crealuresj" according 10 rbtir kin d, ,alt!' and crttping thing' and br4IfI 0flbttarthauordinglO tbdrkind,. " A nd;rw4 'so l' And God mad. th e b."m aflb•• artb according 10 their kind, and th. ",uI. "ccording 10 Ih t;r bnd" and t~uy.hing .bar crup' wpon .bt grownd M,ording to il l kind. And God ,aW Iba l ir walgood. ·ux ."-l .... (IOoI)'L.U,.......,.. O ....... ,B"·:Th •• nimal.ofth ....th ar. no! cr.lled by the earth bu,by God on ,h. earth throughrh.divin.Word.God·scommandto .h.unhremains.andthe ..rthcontinu •• •o brlngfonhanimals (BASll). The se ncral descriprioninGen •• i.l:24·Z;mightn':ferto th . cr.ationof.hr .. di$linctda .... of . ni. malo: reptil ••• pr.darors and h.rd. (Au(;us· TtNB). EachJpecie. of.nimaJruemblesvari· ou.human charac«ri"ic,(CYIIJlOFJ ERUU· lEM ). Theanimaliofrb...nh.ymbolize,h. ,mpul •• , of rh. outer.• arthlr person (0.,· GEN). Th • ..,ul.ofbeaoudidno,exi"b.fore nution( BAStl).ThcglorrofGodi.revealcd Inthcbeaut)·andwcalthofnc.tedbeing$ (C HRYSOSTOM ).
SOULS OF BUSTS Dto NOT EXtST BB.OR B CRHAT ION . BASIL THB GUAT: Th •• oul of bru,tbea".didnot.mc.g<"ft.rh.vingbecn hiddenin,hc .. rth.buti,waoc.llcdinto exi .. enccof,hctim
CRBATIID By GOD INT HEEAaTH. BAStLTHE GRur:FormerlyGodhadsaid:"Lc'th. ",.tersbringforthcrawling cruturc.th .. have life: ' hue."Let ,hc.a rthbring forth liv· ing crea,ure.: 10 ,h. carth. thcn . poss....d of life, And do ,hc mad.minded Manich •• an. hold.headnnug •.• in<.thc ,.assum. rha, tht ea"hha••• ou!'No.whenhe .. id ."Le,it
1:24· 25 Crta .io" of Btu lS oflht E4rtb
2'
bring fon h: it did not produce whu W>5 .tored up in;,. but h. who gave ,he command also butowed upon it th e power to bring for
scrib.dbod i.. le. uJ conceive of him whois infinite and imm.n.. and who surpasse. all unders.anding in the pl.nitude of hi. power. FOf~v'n;fwe.reignorantofrhing'mad.,y~t
atleast.h .. whichingeneralcomesunderour ob.er~uion is wonderful ,h., e~.n mOJlaculCmindi.showntob••, a lo .. a. regard. ,h e I.... ofth. thing. in rhe world, ei.hcrin.heabili.yto.xplainitworthilrorto render due prai •• '0 ,h. Creotor. ro whom he allgl0'l·. hO,nor and power f"nver. HUAl'
.0
,h,
of.c"veforce.H~XAa"uoN8.J .' GOD'~
Co ...... "'" R. .. A'N' CONSTA"' TLY
ACT ' \'I,.BAS'LTN~G.UT: " Lct.he.arth
bring forth living cr.aru,",according.o.h.ir kind.: canl •• ndc ... ping.hing. and bc .... of ,h••• rth ac
"' ~ "O" 9.:.' Hy .. " OF PRA'SH FoaT HB S U UTY 0" C a ti· AT tO".S""lTH. Gu.n:Lu u. glorify rhe Crafuman for all th., ha, been don. wiselr and skillfullJ.. and from the bcautr of 'he l·iJible ,hmg. let uS form an ideaofh,m ,,'hoi. morcth.nbeautifuLAndfromth. greun."of .huc!"'re
M.""
T HB WE .. LT H OV G(m's C "u:r,o><s. CH "" . SOSTO.. : [, ",'asn't Jimplr for our u.. rh., h. producedall.hc.ething.,irwa.al.oforour benefitin.h... n.. tha.w.migh, ... the ovcrflowingabund.nceofhi,creuur...nd b."vcrwhelmcdat.h. C.ea,or·, powet,.nd be in a po.ition to know tha,all.hese.h ings "'ere produced by a ccrta,n wISdom a nd in· effable love ou,ofrcgard for the human being rh., "'U d • .,ined.o COme into being. HOMt LI£SO~· GB"U'Si·I; .' T H" U CL .. SSBS Of AN ' .. .. LSI
AUGUSTtN ~
Wemigh.infcrtha.beca".e,h.wri'~t,ay.
rhr •• um .. "auording . o ,h,i, kinds:our .t<entioni.c.Ucdtothre.da..... Fir.. qu.d rupeds and creeping thing. a
Ih.l.rm·cr •• ping,hings:Wi lhlhi.invie ..·• h.didno,say .i mply ·crecpinglhing.· bu, ra,h .. ·alIcr<:.pinglhing.ofurth:·Ofcarth· Ii ldd.dbcuuulhnea.e:040cr•• pingthings 'n,h ....."t •••• and·all·i.addd,oindud. tho .. also.hatmov.onfou.&e<. lhed .... Ipedficallyintended"Dovebylhetcrm'i"4J. '''p<J.Ncn.lh.bcullar. anoth.rd"u .i ndi· Cllcd al.o by the upr.uion·accordmgm Ihcirkin.u:and.h.y .... all.ho•• animau. ududing rep,il. I •• ha,p,owlabou.wi,hfear. IOm' mOut hl .. nd cl .. w•. Finall)·. ,h. herd. make lip ath,,·.J dUi d •• ignited by .he ph ..... ·according.orheirkin.u:ThCHhavcnolllch ficrceandv;oIentway."' .... ildh<:u ... although . omcmlyam",kw;ththc;,hornl. ONTHBlITIIlAL1HTU.UTAT,OHO,G.H.· 5 15).". 1,. '
T H.A ....... u R..... . L B D, ., ••• I
(nrwh.naman.p.ndsanidlcyou,h,.hcnhc i.inJtructcdhy.h.i.."tiona! (ul1 ur<: •. b.ing chi.J • .Jby th. ncrc.J Scripture. which "'y'. · Go.o rh. an, .O oJuggani. and con,idcring h.rway •. cmula •• h.raodbccom .....;..,t.han .h.:·Fo, wh.n you ob..,tv. hu " .... uri ns up (oodfor hcr. el(ingood u:uon.imita •• h.r. Tr<: ... urc up for you".lfthc (r uII.ofgood works fo. thc.,orld.ocomc .CATICHIT,CA L lICTU"U9.')' " T n .. AN ..... USn.. o LIZ. H u .. u: 1... uLus. O" .. IN; In.h. p.c..,n, ,Ut. I thinkth.impuI",.o(ou.ouICrman.th",i •. ofourcltnalandcanhl),man.ar<:indicl1.nmyflc"'·" andth",·lh.w;.domofth.flclhi. ho"il •• o God:"lholCareccruinl)',hing.,ha,.hc urth . ,h..... our fl .. h.p'oduc ... HO .. ,L,U O"GSN .... t.tI .'·
'1tCVo·'10t6.""""W."FCtU91.n"Cf.Gool~
""'-7oIL"II-Io'1."FCno6O-tl.
I :26-27 GOD CREATES MAN AND WOMAN
1
~avt
ovtraUrbtcanb,andovcT.vtryu"pi"glbingrhalerupsupontb,cartb.""So God ert·
includedbothth.coeporealand.pjri,ual upec,ofma".M"st.h"w.vu,f"undj,in man·•• oul"r.piritu.l .. pect ( O~I(;H".JoHN C"sSI"".AMBROsa).Acc"rdingc"Sahd"n. thec"ncep' "f,h.;mage "fG"d in man had
O""".V'Bw'Th ••• v....sar.p.rnap.tn. v.rses of ,h. Old T... am.n, mo" corn· men,.d on by the Fuh.rs. The doe "in. of man',crea,ion in Ihe imag. of God i.lh. fou nd.tionofpatri"ican,hropology.The men,ionofhi, lihn ... ,oGodpoin .. ,o,he d''''nyofhis lanceification and glorification. On,hatcommonbaoi'lhe Fuh.rs d.velop ,h.,u, in '·ari"u, way •. Manr eomrn.n' on God ·, addre .. lOhim.elfin,heplu rala. r.ferrinj; fO the Trini,y (PRUD2"T 'U S).Mo", of,h •• atl)· FOfh... ndl ... rGr •• kfa,he .. ,ake the imag
~.ped.ll)· an e,hicalc"nno,~,ion:man
a,hiend a lihn eu.o God wh.n he w", renewed in rh< Chei.ti." faith. Apeeuliar vi.w wao uprel •.ed b)· P",amiu. "f Li.b"". who.awth. actual human body .. a c"ncre.. repr ••• n<.tion"flh.Trini,y ( POT..... 1US).h ref... ,ob",b "urrela,i"n.hip '0 G"d and ourbeingplacedoverth
2i
theblu.ing·inctea •• and multiply·a1lo .... ed human beings to reprodua through the unio n of mal . and female (O'UGBH ). Humandigni.y i. honored by the unique triunecon.ulurion prior.o the creation of Adam. as revealed in Scripture (B"stt.. CHRY SOSTO.. ). ·The image of God· is . compreh.n· .in phr... (Gu GORYQFNyss,,)_ lt is given; thelikene$$ i,tol>efreelychooen(B"s'L).The twofoldnatureofhumanityi ...eninth. '.rm.i"'agr.ndlihw"' . • nd ..... and ...."'•• (G" !GORYo. Nnu ). Th. fall prec.d.d
1:26. Ltt Us M"h Mer..ion .... Th .... ,hough. w.r. befor. (thr cre.,ion of ) human •. For human •• th ..e wudelil>era,ion. H. did not nr.uhe d id whencreatingother.hings.·Le,thereb. a human : S" how worrh)' you are! Youtorigin • • reno,in . nimperativ •. lns ...d.Goddelib.r.ted.bou"h,best way '0 bring '0 lif. acr,ation worthy of honor. ON THEO R' Gt,; OF M",;. ' HUM aN D rGNITT H ON O... O ET THU Dn rU .... TION. CH ..T50STO .. :Tob.gin.iti. worthwhile IQ a.k why God did no, 53)'. when ,h. hcaven ' w.re crca"d.-Let uS mak. the heav.n, " bu,inst""d.·let ,he" be a heaven. ... Let ,h ... l>elight:and .i mil.rlrfo"uch oth",asp,,, of
pending creation is granted 10 great anhonor, h i,h um. nity. ,h. grea.e" and most marvelous of living bei ng•• and.hecr.ation mOst ....orth y ofhonorbtforeGod .... Therei.h.re thi.d.liberation.collaboratio" and communionno,bec. u.. Godn~cd.<.d"i<e_Godfor_ bidsaying.ucha .h ing!_but.othatthev.ry impa<. of the langu.ge of our creatinn would . howu.honor.SHIlMo"soNG."ESIS'.) .' AaCB"'''' ''" OM lOW ... TOH," HHR.GRHG_ O..YOF NTSSA.: If.• herefore. SCTip,ur" ten. us that man was mad,l.st .•fter ~ver)' animate 'hing. the lawgiver i. doing nothing elsc ,nan d.d.ringtou. thedo«rineof ,h •• oul.con _ .idering that wh .. i'pcrf<:c, COmes laSt, according,o . c~rainn<:cusu)· .. quencein ,h. orderofthing •. ... Thu.w. may.uppo •• that nature m.k .. an asctnt'"i,we"by ... p. -lm..nth .... riou.prop.rti.. nflifefrom ,h. low...o the perfect form. ON THB CRH ATtON OF M"N 8.7.' THI C ........ ,0 N OF HUMaNIT T. G'UGO RYOF N¥SSA,Scrip,ureinforms u$ thatth.Deity procced.d by a.orl ofg.. du.tedand ordered ad"an<e to ,he creation of man. Af,e, ,h. foun· da,ionsofth.universtwerelaid.a.thehistory record$,mandidnotappearonth •• anh .. once, but th . crc.';on of the brut.. pr«eded him. and th. plants prec.dcd.hem. Thereby Scrip,uro .hows.h.t the vital force.blend.d wi,h.heworldofm""er.
intO hl/nHlf c~cry angle form o{lif'.. born mal of planu and tha. wh,cb 1.1 Hen 1ft b..... u.Hi. nounoJlIncn,ondgn>W.hhcdtr;"elf'romY~.
•• hle1ifc;foreYenin~cgetabluluchprocusc< .r•• obcHcn whcna!imcn, i. being drawn in byth.irro<>u .. ndgiyenoffinfrui.andl~Yu H .. Hn,i.n.organi;anonhcdcriycl f'romth. b.... fCcr~"on.61l,hi.fa(ultyofthough.and rcuoniloncommunieablc.andapccul ... rgihin ourn.. urc .... I ... notpouibl. for m .. rcason · ,ng faculty to.I'"m the lif.tof'he bodywl
Thein'piTtdhistorianmlkui,v.r)'cl.ar Th .... carrh·. dlwn.h.F.,h.rno,.lon. Nor wi.hou, Ch ..., hil n.,,·crullon form.d. ·Godf.. h,on.dm.n:he .... y•• ·.ndg.YC
CH .. ' .TT H . I .... (lB.CU..... TOfALiU..-· o., .. :For·,h."n.~ofGod. -ll h"Word (.nd ,h. d,vm<\\/or
ia. me ..und in nun . ....... on mi. ;l(coun, ,.said h.avt bc.n cna",d·inth. imagc· ofGodand ·mhiolik.ne..:bec'llH.hroughh"undcr· ... ndingt.c... h.i.olftad.likcrhcdiYlneWord or Rca... nfL"f",J•• ndlon.icmalfloziWJ. EXHO.T"T'O"ToTH~Gn ..'s,o" 10
... CCO .. D'NGT.. Ou.I .... GK.M .. ~'UIV,C · TO .., .. US: MOI£ ..... y.wh .. , "'11 u,d by God: ·Le, w mu£ m.on .oc~o ·accordmg ou.,m ..ge: Thcrdoreborh FarhcrandSon arc onc ,m.g •. AG ..... ST .... 'U5 , .....
,h.
.0
DUiT ' NCT ' O"8I
0:
.... oL,,,.· " u,.O. ,o .."lnrecording,hcfiu,c,.."on of man. MOl e. b.forc all o,h ... .. y'. · ... nd God laid. Le. u. mah man ,n OUr own ,mage and Iikcne.. :Thcn he add. .fugh.h .
GIU
honorofthe -,m.g.; ht,houldin th •• nd through Ih.accomplilhment of the •• worlu obull1forhim.. lflh.~rf.ct - likcnc ..: 0" FllSTP."
likcnc... as " .. hav ....id.,h., man il'pok.n ofu·.ftcrou.im'gc:and.o·our:[ha,man mlgh' b. an image of ,h. Trini,y. Thi. image i. nOlcqu.alloth.T.. nll)·.... . h.SOni • •ou.. F"hcr.b,,"approach,ngil. asi ....;'l.,by.ccr· uin lik.nCII;a. In d"ng' di.dnel th ... can be c!ouncu. no,howcve rinmi.e..euifa.p'· ".1 dOICnu. hUI by ,mita,;on. ON THI T.",, · 'TT,.6.!:.AUGU5 T'NE, NOI.v.rythingtharamongcrca· ru ... bu....om.lik.ne.. [oGodi. righdy call.dhi.im.. g... b",only,hat,h.n .... hich God alon .. i. mo .. culted. Th.I 11 di..ctly d.. wn from him. ifho« ",..,n him ..M .nd il ,h ••• i. n oinl.rpo ... dnanu e.ONT H5 T.,I<. 'TTU.,.S." AUGUST"'!: For God •• ,d. ·Le, \11 mah man 'nou.' mag •• ndlihn . ..·:.lLltlelu... h,,"' . evcr.It i. said·And God mod. m.n in ,h.
;m.~ of God: It would cenli nly not be COf' rcc,u,.ay·ou.:becau.u.hcnum!>cri'pl"",l. ifmanw... madcinlh.imai:.ofoncperoon, whcm.rFather.SonorHoly Sptril. Bu, becau.uhei,madeinlh.imlgco(lh.Trinity. conl.'1 ".ndyi''''.... id·ino'',im·s·:Ag.in. le"wcehoo.c 10 believe in m r ... god.s in m . Trinity•• inc.,htumtTrinity;,on.God .hc hid, -And God mad. m.n in hi. 'ma~: as if h.wcr.[ou)" ";nhi. [own,,;uM[ ,m.g':
O"'TH ~T.'N'TY '~.6.6. "
W HoSp ....... O.·Ou.·!FU~G.NTIU50. RV.,l: Th.nfon IctlU hold lha, ,h. Father and m.Son Ind Ihc Holy Sp"" arc by natun on.God;ntithc,i,d..,F"m.,.henncwh" " thtSon.north.Sonlh.onewh"i. lhe Fa,h.r. nor me HolrSpiri[lhe whoi. m. F.,he. 01" m. Son. For me ~Me • • ha. which lhcG ... kacaJllh'~M.",.ofmcFa,hnandth. Son andme H"JrSp;rit i. "n•. ;n which eucnc.m.Flth.rilnolonc,hingand,h. Son. ucond rhins .ndu.. Hol)"Spirit.
on.
bcr.h,,,y" -im.~: h.ohow. 'hallh . na
i. on •• in who.. im.ge the human being wu m.d.,Bu,wh.nh· ... Y··"u .. inth.plu ..l. h. ohow. ,ha, u.. ... ry ... me God In whole im.g. Ih. human beinS wo, made i. nOl on. in per · IOn.Fo'ifin.hlL"ne~nc.. ofFaLher.Son and Holy Spiril.ht.ewer. On. pcr,,,n.-.o",>r
"OfpN4.'5CSM."FC4~
imag~·wouldno,havebeen.pokenhut - inm)'
thuiof.ohioncd ."fromthc . limeof th. cartb: U Bu,i,io our inner man. invisibl •• incorporeal.incorrup,;hleandirnmortal. tbat is mad. "accordingto thc imagc of God : For it ilin.uchqualiri .... 'h cs. thatth . image of Godil morcrorrutlyundustood.Butifany· one l uppo,.s thatthi,manwho i,mad. "a.co rding,o,h.imag •• ndlikcn ... ofGod " iim.dcofflcoh.h .... illappcartorepreo.nt God him.clf .. mad. offl •• h and in human form. It i, moll d.arly impiou. to think this ab<>ut God. HOMt~tesON G~,.es,s ,."."
image : Nor would he ha~e said-le' U5 mah" bu'"lshallmake:lfinr'Calityin'hose'hru po<son. mru,uh5tanceo w e rctohc u ndcr. "oodorhclic~cd,"toourimag<'-wouldno'
havcbecn n id;rathcr,"toourimages-;for therccould not be onc imageofthrce unequal narur ... Butwhilc thc hum.nbeingi' l.idto be made according 10 the onc imagc of thc one God,.hedivinityofthcHolyTrinityinonc u.ocncci.announocd.Thcnand l hordythcrc · aftor. in pl.cc of what he had ..id abovc,"Let u. make human hcing. in Our image .nd likc· nc,,:ScriptUrc thU"Oldofthcmakingofthc human beinghy .aying."And God crcatod huma nkind in hio image: in the im.ge of God hc" ....:dthem: ToPETIIRONTHBFA,THS, "
ht AGIIS P ''''T''ALLT I NTE''~''' T HD.JOHN
CASSIAN: Placing him in ,he mid., of all ,h. hro,hen,h. inquirwl)· oound of,helc"e, but;n a.p;rirual ,,·ar.and he proved ,hi' '''ith a long di.cour .. and many.xampl« from Scrip.urc.ohowing,ha,no,hingof this.ort could be th. asc wi,h that immeaourahl •• nd incomprchcnoible .ndinvi.ihl.majesry _ th., it could hccircumicr ih.d in a humanform andlik.neol,tharindeed a narur.,hatw ", incoq><>rcal a nduncompo •• dand.impl.could bcapprchcndcdhythccycorsci%cdh)"hc
TH E I "" ' S I B~BFATHIIIITHIIOUGH T HEVI5.
IBLBWOIIU.)U"AIIUS: )nprcvioU$timu man. i.i."ue.wu .... idtoh.vehecnm.d. ocrording ro th. imagc of God. hut he wu not r
mind.CONF6U,. CalO.,,~·j-" SPATIA~ ANO VI 'UA~ MUAPHOBS PH' CB,"lIo IH THII Pow ..; Of THB M,ND • AMBROSE:Bu,letu , definemo .. arC llratcl r ,he meaningof,h.p hr ... · to the imagc of
0 .. S~''''TUAd OR.G I": Wc do not under· " and . howevcr. thi o m.nindccdwhomScrip· •urcsayo w.. madc · lCcording.o.heimagcof God".ohc rorpotcal. Fur ,hc form of ,he bod)'doc$ nOt contain ,he Imag.ofGod ,nor is ,hc.orporeal said to h.-mad,·hu, ·for mcd,· .. i,.,.,ri"cn in ,he words ,h.. fol· 10.... For th , tnt
31
God."billrll.lhlllh.fluhi,mad. "corh. ,mag.ofGod"llnchafcaoe... fh • ...,canh,n God. &i nc. fl ....... of urtM b God corpor.al. rhari • •"Ia)·..... al::andlubj."lik.ch.f1uh t"th.pu.i"nIIP.rh"pilh.hud may"ecm ro you r" ~ made in rh. like ne" of God ~cautc ".cand.aloft.orcheercl~ca ... cthey ob •• rv.orlh.can~uul.th.yhcar!A.to lh.qlleollonofh.,ght.u..... 'ocon,id.rollr. ,clv.. to~uUJu.tbtcau •• _.owC<.J..d. ovcr ,h•••"M Ar • ...., nO. uhamd '0 be ,hollghtofu lik.toGodm.. cly~,.u •• w. .rt tall.. rhan .. rp.n .. oroth .. ""pIng c... · furcl o,e y enrhandccr•• hccporwolve.11n Ih.t ••• po:cr. how much uJI ......I.ph.n.. ... dClm.I,ln(ompali"" .....,thllsiS'ghtll ,mpo.unltou. ,no,dcrc".nablcullo b.hold Ihe thIngs of the wo.ld.nd,o h.v. knowl.dgcoiwha.i.noltcpo".dby.n)'pcr. Ion but IS grupo:d by our tcnSC ofl1ght . H",,· I1gnificant, In f.ct,ii Ihi .plctouewh.llJbeh,nd me. ! h.vc no v'ew of my ncck ofth.back ofmyh •• d,.ndlcannol ..emyloin •. lnlih manner .... h......ili.ou' •• n.. ofh.. 'ingif _un .. o.c"hcr",.o,hca, ... har,.only' .ho"d".. nulw.yllf .... ll •• hould,n .. rv.n •• bo,h lighl and huringar. Impcdcd .Fu"h ... morc.ou.bo
0.
are.bletoenvi"g• • ndrcllc(1on.ll.hing'. W. who now in I..Jy hlv, in mind .. ha, ... m"opcrtaln.oaff.in;nth.Eu.o,;nlhe W.n. Wc ..em.o h.ve dealing. with m.n who dweU in p., .. ia,We.nvi.ion mo •• who hav. the;rhom .. in Afric•• ifm.rc happo:n '0 ~.cquain,"ncC$ofou .. ..-honlJo)'th.h(llpl· t11i,y of ,hll land. W•• «ompa .. y.he.epco · plton .hei,d'partllrc andd ..",nearloth.m in,h."voyag<'.br~d.W•• rcone"'ichth.m ,nrhe".bs.n••. Thol.whoarclCp.....dfl1 fromu.engag.u"ncon"crullon.W•• rollu Ih.d.ade.enlomllfual in.uchangeof moughuandc ... b,aceth.muiftheywerc .,il]liv,.. g.We .... nl°tomcpolnlo(conr... " .. gonlhcscpeopl.,h.uug ••• ndCIIstom, OfOllrd.ilrlif•. ThIl . •h ...ro,c.,. madeIO ,he imag. of God that i. pcrcCI".d not br th. powcrofthebodybu.by.ha.of .h.mlnd.h lith.'powct,hllbchold.,h••lucnt.nd embr,ccl iniu.i"oncountrit. b.yo nd rh. horizon. I .. vilion cro.... bollnd .. ri ••• nd gucl Inrcntiy on what .. h,dd.n. In on. mom.nl . heutmOllboundlof,h ....orld.nd ill 'emOte lccrcl p!acc, are und.r i" ken. God i.att.ined . • nd Ch,i"i"ppt<.ach.d.Th..ci. • d.Ken"nloh.ll .• ndalof<,nme.ky.h ... i• ... uc:enfin'oh.. ven.H .... thcn .... ha'SC"p· .lIrcuy.:Blllou,d,i"" ... hipi.inhea ven:h no •• h.t • •h...forc.in which God il 'v", plucn. made to th. likenca of God! Listcn.o whll.h'.po.tleuy.infhllrcgard:"W•• U. ,h..dorc. withflCe.un v cil.d, ..f1ccllngu,n • mir''''lh. glo'r of God. arc bcing ... n •• rorm.di .. tohi,.cryim'g.rromglory.o glor)·,ao through fh. Spiri.ofme Lord:" Hu:" ..'noI<6.1· ... ·.s·,.
ar.
,,::c..J.lL"FC.~~
H U,.. .... ,Tr R.CB IVn L , B ..... I To GOD IT 8 . co .. " .G" L,V I NG S .. C; •••• CI.S .. HDQ ....: The.t ar •• h. v,,'u" .hat man "ct"iru by conoicluinga nclcontroUingh i.own .enoeo. H. ·take. off .ht old ma n. who w.a corrup.ecl In rbcconvolutions of hi I cno.:"""ancl wuro .h.newunc.whoi.ru,whiltlh~orh~rhu be.nlcfllncompl...:.hili' lOlhaly<>u m igh, comple.ti.youuelfandmigh.bewo.. h),of .h. rew ••c1 ,,·hick C.. mU flom God. 0" THE 011.1(;'''0' M ....:."
T Ha H u .... " S OOf .. PHn ' C"L E.,TO .. . O. TH. T ... HITY.POT..... u$0.L.5 110"" , lno.c1e. thattheuni.yiuel(of , ht,hrtefoldm.jury a nd imprin •• houldtncountcr ou.undcr· ..ancling.,h.invi.ibl.maj ... yi •• df .... ulo: "le,u.mahm.ninourimagt.ndacc... ding .0 0 .. , likon ....:Look! He hu demo n.rra.. d ..h ...... beli.v •. Godhucng ....cdh" imag• on ,h, foc,ofthe human and hu u. ld"ln 0... Image." The knowl.dgt of F.. h.r and Son Il Imp.eu cclupon.h.faceofman:.ncl,h,,,,,)" fUtll'Cl of h .. fa ... br munaof.he day b)· whi ch we arc formed .•• vul.d In th. numan o.iginal m odclbow.heFa.her . ... c1.hcSon were , 'o that man could aclmir. God in man LITTI II.ONTH~SUUT"NCI H6·64 ." H U.... NIUNDUFuISH .. HDS ...'T.G.KG · ou O. N .. ZI4NZU S: ThIS w., .o .how ,ha. he couldc.llin,obeingno,on1I'anaru,eakIRro him.dfbu •• l... on"ahog",hc,ali.n, .. him Fo.akin.oDc"yarc,bolenaturel whicha.. m•• llc"ualanclonly.obecomprchtncl.c1b)" mind;b .. ,allofwhich •• noecan.akecognl · :.an....e .. n.rly ah.nto; •.• nclofrhcsc.h. fu .. he" .. mov.c1fromi' ....U.h....,wh,ch .."tnll.dy cle,,;.u •• o(50ulanclpowc.of Mincl .• h.n.andstn .. _.bul dilllnguilhed from .ach o.h.-h.c1 remained wi.h,n rh .. , ownbound.. ieo andborcin.h.m •• lve • • h. magnificcnceof lh.Crcllor'\),'orcl .• ilcn. pr....... ndlhrillingh.ralcllof hllmlgh.y work. No.yc ...·.. rhe ... ny mlnghngofboth . nor any m i""u .. ofth",. oppome •• •ok.n. of a g,clter w"c1om and gentro,,1)' in.h" c•• · ."onofna.u.cl:nOful"'".!crc.htwnol.
richu of g<>OdllUJ mad~ kllowII. Now .he Creator·Word. determining 10 uhibi' this and lOproduc. allngle1i~ingbcingout of bo,h {.hein"i,ibleand ,he "iliblccr...,ion. I mun ) fashions man, and .alting a body from alrudy uittingm.. and pllcingin i •• br.ath u.k.n r.om himulf {which the Word kn .... 10 bc an ,ntelhg<:nt.oul and th. imlg. or God), as .. lO"ofucond ... oridg .... I.nhnl.· n.... h.pl .. cedh,mon.h.... "h-a n... .ngol .• mingl.dworJhipe,initi ...dfully info .h.yilibl.e.u.. onbllfonlYP"nilllyin.olh. in •• llcc."al,k,ngo{ .lIonunhbu.lllb}cct.o .ho King .. boy.:urthly and huycnly: •• mpo· r.llndy<:,immon .. I:Yllibl•• ndy ••• n..ll.e · '"II: halfwarbclwe.ngru.nul.ndlowli· nu.,;i n onc p•• lOn combining Jpirit and f1uh. Spirttbcealllcoftheflyorbcllo.... donhim. f1uhon ..uolln,o{.h.h.igh ••owh,doh.had bc.nnoi..,d;.h.on•• ha.he.",ghtcon.inll"o Iov•• nd glorify hi. bcnefac.t or.th.o,hcrtha, h.mighf.uff.r .. ndbyauff.ringb.pulin rcm.mbr.. ncc, .. ndbccor..".difh.bcc1m. p,olldinhllg.... n...; .. Ii..ingcr..'ur •. •rainedher<:.nd.h.nmov.d.locwh ...,.nd .o.ompl.tc the my""y. mad. godly by i .. inclination 10 God. S~cot
,.t.
T HE h ..... >; o p GOD I ... CO"P"' " .N"V~ PH.... n.GuGono.Nnu: Godc ..at ... man for noo,h.r , ...on than th •• Godi. good; Ind bc,ng'llcn. lnd hning,h i... hi. rUlOn fo,en,c"ngupon the c... uon of 011. natllr<:.h .... Ollldno, .. hibi •• h.po ..... of.hi. ,oodn... in an ,mperf." r",m, gi ... ing 0,,, na,u .. l om.on. "r,h. Ihingl a. hi l di'p" •• l .ndgrudg,nglfalha,.in.n",h.r:but.h. p".f."ro..mofgoodn... " h ....obc . ..nby h,"bo.hbTlng,ngmln,nlobc,ngfromnoth· ' n~andfulll'"upplyinghim ..."hal1g00dgifu
SII,aince Ih. 1;11 or individual ,oodgif,,;, . longon •. i.ilou.ofth.qll... i"nloapp ..' h.ndi,nllm.rically.Th.langll.lgcofScrip' rur•• h ... r" .. up" ..... i,cont"dyb)'1 compreh.nll". ph.lU, in oaying Ihl. man w", mod.-i n Ihc image of G<>
C.UTtOOl0' M .. t<.6.,O.1O
O.
O.F IN.TION TM' hU G,. G • • con OF Nns..: Lc,w.dd,hlt [man',[cr<:l"on in,h. imag.of.h.nl.ur.thotg" •• rn la lld.m"n· ....... p..cilclJ·.h., h.h .. fr"m Ih.bcgin· "inga royal nao\lr •. FoIJ<>wiflg common lI. .g•• pa;nt.n"rportnoitaofprinc..... w.U .... p· r..en,ing .h.ir {.... ur ••. up ..... hcir.oyal digni'ybygltm.n .. ofpurpl •. lndbcfor.,h" image On' is.CCII..omed,o ' 'y·,h. king: Thuoh"m.nnl'u' •. cr.....d,orul.,h.w",ld bec.u.uofhi•• o.«mblanccroth.uniycr..1 King.h.. bc.nmod.lil<.al,vingimaSClha. parrkipl1.. in.h.afChcrypebydigni'J·.ndby nlm •. H. i. no,do.h.dinpllrpl..... p.. t.nd dildem.fo,.h.Kdono,"ignifyhi. digni.y (.he Irch.'YP" himKlf d<>u nOt poue.. ,h.m ).But'npl.... ofpurpl •• h.i.d".h.d wi,hvir", •.• h.m" .. roj·alofgarm.nu In ....dofa ... p.. r,h.i •• ndow.dwilh bl ..... dimmoruH.y.ln .....do{ar"yaldil · d.m.h.bcano.hccrownofjus"cc.in.ucha wlyml..... ry.hingabou.h,mmanif.... roraldigflit)·.b)' hi •• uc.liken.lI ,o.h. b.,u'J·of.he ..che'ype.OOlTHt:CUATIOJ<
0' M.. " •."
1", .. "~"'''DLlltBN R SS.JOHNOf D .. MASCtlS
wil1be,o",ard yourhu .b and,a nd h~willtUl.
Sine. ,his ;, ,0. God c.ut. d man ou, ofvi.i· bl •• nd inv;.ibl. natu,"" wi,h hi. OWn hand. 3Ccording.o the imag. and liken.u, forming th.bot in • uchlikeneuinvirtue:uispollible.OaTHo. DOX h ITH ~.,~ ."
you:" Thi. i. why man is Ihe image of God H e has no cr.. rure over him. and therei. nobody over God;he rule. onevery,hing. Woman.on.heotherhand. i. rhegloryof man .becau.e,hei••"bje".om.n.SBRMONS O",GfiNEStS,."
I", .. " m op CO ........ D. CH"YSOSTO"': Som. o.h.rS base them.elves on our arguments by .1I.rting.h •• Go
1:27 Mal.
a~d
Fc malt Crtaud in God',
Im ag• Wo .... '" '''' Goo's I"'''''B. GaEGoayo.NysSA:L.. ".catefullyexamjn~ th ..eupre..ions.W•• halldi.cover,hio: what is in .h. image;. on. ,hing. wha, we .u nOw in ourunhappin . .. i. another."God mad. man ; say. Scrip'ure. 'He mad. him;n the image of God: On. who i. mad. in ,he image of God has the taskofb.comingwhohe is. Then Scripture,ak.. up.he account of err· ationand .. ys."G odm.d.,hemmalrand f.mal. :Everyon.ekno..... l.hlnk.thatthi • aspecti.exdudedfrom,hearch etype:ln ChristJe.us."a<,heapo.. lesars.·,h .. ri.n.i· Iher male no, fem.le '-" And ret Scrip.ure affirm. Ihat man ha. been divided .exuall)·. Thus .hecreationofo urnaturemu .. in.ome ""Y have beendoubl.: ,hat which renders us lik.Godand,hatwhich .... blish .. ,h rd,vi· .ion ofth •• u ... And mdeed such an inter· pre,ationis. ugge"edby thevery orderofth. accoun,.Scrip,ur'''y,in rh e firstpiace ,"God m.de man; in the image of God, h. mad. him : Only after Iha, i.;: add. d , "He mad • them mal. and female; a di,·i.ion foreign to ,h. divineattribu .... O"'T HB Cn ..TION o. M .. ",,6." BOTH )\.1..", .. ,.D
"Fc)7,;t)4·)S··. -IC..lFlI_'·
~PG
EV~W.lS ,I< A D...... T TH~ Mo" 'NT D. H u C"UT ' D'" EPH ..... TH~ SY..' .. N: Th~n Mm", »id. "Male and f.mol. h. cru,~d Ih~m; '0 make known that EY~ wu aJ...,adr 'n.id~ Adom. in th. rib that was drown DU' from him. AI'hough Ih. wu not in hi. mind I h.w.. inhi.bodJ'.and.h~w .. no.onlyin h,.hodrwi.hhimbu.al ... in ... uJand'piri. wothh,m.fOTGododdedno.h,ng,o.ha,rib th .. ht,oo!
Therefort.lhatthertmightb.nodoub. abourhi. bleu'ngtha,i.,ocome.,heru, say •• "Male ~ nd (~male h. mad • •h.m," For ill .hil mannerrnall.ueingtheconlequenccof ,ncr...ingand mu\tiplyingro be from th. fac, .hatlhef.m.lt wa.joi nedrohim.could chuilha mortcerta inhopeinth.divi n. blcuillg. For if,h.Scrip,ure hid sa,d. "Increuc.ndmuJ.ipl)'a"dfill.hcurthand ho •• dom'nionovcri, ," no,add,ng.h ... "Male and f. mI J~ h. m.d •• hem," doubtl ... h.wouldhlvedi,btliued,h.divin.bl . ...
"'NTAU D~' GaNIS ls I.ag.~."
l ....... .. NDt''' ....... M .. LlI .. NDF~ .... LI. Gal(;O" YOfNyss..:I ,h inkthllby,h ••• word'HolyScriprureconv~y. 'ou'a gr ... andlofty doctf;ne. and.h.doctrtn. i• •h". \VhilclWOnlluru-lh.d,.;n.,nd,ncorpo-
ing.Ho .. 'll uoNG.IIU'SI., • ."
J) .. ODVCT,V.CoNcollo BBTw U NMA LE AND F ..... u.. O .. '(; .N: Ou"nnu man con· .II<1of.p"i, and.ouJ.Th •• idtobt m.I<;,h.... ulc.nbtcall.df.mal •. lfth... h ....
p,," ......
reaJnlrure.~ndtheirra"onallifcofbrutc.
a...epara..dfrom ... ho.h"' ..... tr<:m ••. human naturc i• •h. mean buwc<:n.h.m. For in the compound natur
ANT ,c ,p"T' N" HD .... '" R.P .. ODUCT ' Ol< T ...ou""TN,UN,o",oFM .. u .. No Fa"A L~. Ok ' (;IN:[I .. em'lob.woTlh 'nquiringin.hi·p .... seho,,·,.ceordi nglo ,h. lelter. wh.n ,he woman wu no. ye. made •• h. Sc"p.ure.ayo."Male and fem ale h. mad. ,hem," Perhap •• u I.h,nk." i. btcau •• of,h.ble.. ingwi'hwh,chh.bJ ....d ,h.muying."lncr.u. and multiply and All ,he .. nh'"" A n.icipatingwho,,..a •• o b•.• h. le'" say •• "M.I • • nd f. mal. h. mad •• h.m," ., ncemd... dmancould no,o.h •• w". ,n"..... ndm u l"pll'uc.p:,.."h,h.f..... I•.
w.
"
inu... n. impbntinginmankind,'nltwoflhe angd'Cmaje,ty of naru.c . thal ammal and I.radonal mod. oy which they now , ...,uN onc anolh ••. 0.. TH~ CRUTION Of MM" ,6.'-9; 11-4."
T,,. FA .... PUle.oBD COHA.'TAT 'ON. CHU. 10iTO .., Conoid.. when ,hil haPJH'ned. Aner ,he .. dl ... ~dicncc.an .. ,he irlo"of th.Jar· den.,hcn i,wu ,ha, ,h. p.u,iuofin'u· (o"'lCh.d"o beglnning. rou oee.~fo .. ,h.ir d,oobed,ence .hey followed a life like dll'of .hcang.b. and.h ..e ,,·unomen,ionofi n'e,· counc. Ho,,· co uld ,here oc when ,hcy w"'c
no"ubject to the need. of the body~ So a. the oU'H,.ndffOmtht~ginning'he prac'ic.of
1:28 HUMAN P ROCREATION AND LORDSHIP OVER C R EAT ION
ll"nd God /tlcurd 11,.,,,. and God loid II' 11..,,,. "Sc / ruil/>l1 a"d m>lllip l" And flU Ihr rarth andJ>l.bd wr il;andha"cdomi,,;on ovcr th rjiJ h o/lhr ..a and.wcrlh. /ti.d. o/thr" .. anJ Q~r' r~.r, lIving Ihing ILal movu upon ILt .",,1.." The ,n,reue of .he hum.n race poftdproblcml fo. ,h eFatheu.Gc lleu lly the), .ffi,medtha,thec<>mnu.ndto in"eau
OVU.VIIIW:
andmul"plrrdcrr~d.<>.hcp""odb.f<>reth.
fall. when human rcprodu Cfion would ha ... ,akcnplu.bysomemeanoothertha n th,<>ugbluualintcre<>u,n(AUGIISTII<E., M.u· ,,,,us THiCoNFESSOII.). for ,hcyscnenlly maln.aincd,ha,AdamandEvcha.d~en
in.cndcdtoformav;rginalcouplc.Augu.. ine. howcvcr.camctothev,.,,·.ha,.uualdiffe,· entlatlon and ,uual uni<>n wc .. plrt of God·,
original plan.eventh<>ugh.he fall in.crvcned The eXOent <>fhuman au,hori,y <>vcrthc anj · mab "·u a I;gn of God ·, love for humanlt)· (CltIlY50Sro.. ). However. thll powe, "·u 101< an .. ,hc .;n(AuGusn ... ). MaJe and femal. arc commanckd '0 ;ncrun and multiply OOHN OF O"' ...Uc:IIS) . Therc"nodcprecia"ono{marr,aSCln,h. patron, m.nprct.ation of Gcnw. 1:211 (Gall(;. o ay 0' NySu). Tw~ kind. of ;ncrcal. mu" be dillinguil hed: ofbod)" and of.oul ( BASI~). Since ou,humani'r panakuo(,he.nimal
GP.Hu,s ':J.I natu r~ (G ...GO"V Of !'
c'~n'gractwup.oviditdforhono",blenup,ia1
.. nion,.h~gLoryofwhich ,. in ,he nUrfll.eof child ren (A"""ST,,,,.j. Two K,,,,oi OF l "'c ..... ".G ... OOUOf NUSA:Th.'" a.e r...., way. to·;ncr .....·' in rh. body and in the l oul . Th. 10111 inc.u... byedllcation,prog",u,ng ,o"'ard completion; rh. bodl' ,ncr.asu (by gro"'ing) from .mall ro large. H. ,old,thc •• fon, ,hc nnltl ••• an i. malo ' 0 inc", .... by ,h.deye!opm.nt of,he body. Bu•• o 11. h..... id·lI\c"'a.. • in th. inn.r pe'JOn along "'"yo ",hlCh Lcod.o",..d God. Thi,waowh atPau ldid,inhi lfl rc"hingou, ,owardwha,layahcad.ndfo.gcmng .. hatli. behind. ' Th'$ io godly ,n.. ~. 0 ... THE 0 ..,·
pcrmi"ed,ounde..,andit'pinruaJlyand.o bclicv(fhat;t ...",(hang~di n.o.uu .. lf(cun. diryaft.r.in.Forrh.rcwufirltrhe,hu.e unionofm alcandf.male. of.hefo rmcr,o .111., oflh. Iattcr.oobcy, and.h.'" ,,·u.h • opiritualoff,pflngofin,clhgibleand,mmo.· taljoy.filLing.hecanh, th., il. g;ving lif. '0 th.body andruJingn.Tha,il. manJOheld !thcbod,].ubj«ltb",heupericn,edfrom it nO oppo.i .ionor.ro uble .We.ho uld b..li .....h •• i..... uthil way,.in.. . he y wcr. no.ye.childrenofthilworldbdorc.he y . inned . Fo. the children oflhioworldgcner· atc and a. e gen.ratcd,u.he l..ord UYI . when he.howl lhuw.lho .. !drcJati~eJrdilr.glrd thilcarnalgcnerallonincompa"oonwnh.h. fururcliferhatilpromi •• d,o ...,Two Boo"J ONG."lIlsAC:;"'NsTTH~M"N ' ' CH ..... NS I., ~.JO.·
.. ,"'0' M..... !
W H n H • • C H .... T
O" ...CO .... TUB Or", .
1. 01< BaTwuH M .. u .. N D F ..... u . M .. x,·
.. us THBCONPUSOa: l"d«dbcins inhimnJf
No O .... IC' .. VIO .. OF M ...... , .. o •. G ...,.O"y or Nnu:Le,noon •• h,nk.ha,wed.prcci· at. marri.s.ao an inlri,",ion. W •• r.w.n .." ·•••• ha ,,,i.nota.,,ang•• ,oGod·. bJ.... 'ng.... B..,our¥,... ofm.o" ... g....hio,that whilcrh.purounofhuvcnlyth,ng • • houldbe a man ·ofi,.,co rc.y.'ifhecan ... t .hcadvan. tag.. of marriagc with oob.i.tyand modcra· "on.h~nudno,d •• pioe'hi.wayof"",ins· O"VI.,.'NITV8. '
.heun,v.ru!un,onofall,!Chrilt] h... llan.d wirhou'{lu uaI Jdivi.ionandbccom.th. pe.f.c, humanbc,nS, huingf.orn .... onollt accoun, and in acCotd..a" cc wlthollt na,urc. .v.rythinstha'w...... nd lack.ngnoth,n g. ·.p.rtfrom lill :' andhav in~ no need Oflh. naturalint...ou.lCofmarriag •• ln.hiowayh. ohowitd, l.hink,.hatrhe"w;llpcmapo anoth.. ",a)·.fo.el<nown.o God. for human bcingl,oincrca..,if ,h.fi ... human bcinS had kcp' th.commandmen, and not cu,him· sclfdown,oananinuJ.u.tbrabusinshll own prope, powe". Th ... God. mad.· ... an hu dOlltaway wi,hlh.difi'e •• n.eandd,y,"ionof
"INC. IlAU .. NDMIILT I PL... R ...... TDTH .
1'."' 00 6 ~FD ... S'I<.AIIGU$T'N""Onei. compl .. clyright'Oalkin wh",". n ocw~ Ihould undernandth ... n,onofmaLc and f.m .J.bcforclin.aowellao.h.bL ...ing.hll oa.d·ln... ",. andmllluply,andg.neratcand fill th. nrth: Should w. .. ndcmandi.in .. phyoicalmanncro.opiflluaUy,Fo• ...,arc
'1'IIiI.I
'Hoi> .. L).
1I
naOJI'fc'nromalcandkmalc .... hichhum .. n n.OJrc'nno ..... yneedcdfor8cn~ .. tion.u oom~hold,andwithoulwhichit ... ouldper· hap. h .... Men pOSlil>1e. Boo~ o~ DI~.'CUl· TIU4'! AD ........ 0 EVil .. SIIJ: U.. l COU~LI B •• olIlI THIF.. LL.Au(lU ST, ...olfonelhouldllk ... hy It WU nccu .....r th .. t .. helper l>c made for man •• h... nl .... cr.h.....elnlmoltprol>.l>I.i. .h.tlt ..·.. for.hcpn><:rutionofchi!dr~n.ju .. • , the ~.rth il" helpcrforth~ n~d," .he pro· ducuon of .. plan. from the union of.he rwo, Thil purpo.e w15 d.dared in .h. original cr.· ".,on of Ih. worldo"M .. le Ind fem .. l. he mad • •hem. And God blas.d them .nd ..,id. ·Jncrcu... ndmul.iplyandfiU.hcc .... hand .ubdllelt:"Thi.realOnfor cnuionllnd unIon ofm .. le and femalc .... wcll .... hi. t.1 ..... tng . ..·... no,al>tog .. ted .. ftcr th. "n.nd pun· .. hm.ntofm .. n.lti. l>y .. irtu.ofrhi.l>leOling rh .. ,hc .. rrh is nowfill.d with humlnl>e;ng. ..... olul>duci •. Althoughit ....... f... , ... upllllion of the m.. n and wom.n from par... dl ......... thcyc..m •• og•• hcrin.ulI .. lintcr· rou" •• ndMgotchild.. n, .. ccordingto SC"ptur •. nncrthc!e ... ldonor ........... could h..... prohil>it.d them from h.onor.. l>Ic nup" .. Junionand"thel>cdundcfil.d"' .v.nin p.... di.c.God could h.v.granted them lhi. if thcyhadlivcdin.fai,hflllandjuumanncrin obcdicnlandholY,"T'V'cctohim .•o.h .. , wlt"ou,,"etumultuOIlI.rdorofp.uion .. nd wllhou, .. nylal>o ... ndpainof c.. lldl>i ..h.of{. .prlng ...ouldl>cl>ornfromthcir.«d. ln'''i. cI.$C.thcpurpo.cwould noll>cloh.vcchil. dr.nlucucdingparcnuwhod,.. R.. lhcr tho" ,,·hoh.d t.cgo,tenchildren "'ould rcmlin ln.heprimcoflife . ndwouldmlin. u,nth.orphy&icaJur.ngthfromth.t •• eof Ilfcthuh .. dl>c .. npl .. n.cdinparadl".Thol"
... howouldl>cl>orn would devtlop,(>theum. .. a.. and ewenll1 ..11,·. w".n ,h. dctcrmlncd numl>cr ...ouldMcompICle,ifaIlHwejll"and ol>.di.n,liwU,thu.. wouldl>c.rran.(orm .. · ,ion.ThIl.wi.houtanrdu,hrheirnatllr.. l I>odi •• wouldrcc.iv... n ...... quality.inc •• he)' obcycdcnrycornmandofthe,plritthatrulcd th .. rn.Wi,hth ... pi.i."lone¥ivifying .... rn, wi.hou ... nyhclpfromrorpor ... lnouruh · mcnt,.hcywouldl>cc"n.dlp",ru .. lho,h ... Thu could hu.l>ccn if.h. ,,"nlgn.IIDn of God ·.comm.ndhadnotm.rit.d th'pun,,", mcn,ofdu,h.O"THaL'TfiRA L IHTUPUTA TIQNO.G1NU'S9+S·6.'
T H.
NUPT''' L BUU U"G RII .. "' ... " AFTU. S IN A .... .. 1I.0.AuGusTl .. ~: F... l>c " ,hen from .... tol>cli~¥c.ha. thecouple.h •• wcr. p]uNlnp .. r.d, .. wouldhuer,.lfincd throughthi.luSl .which,hlmcd,h.mln ,o covering.ho.eorg.n.,th . ... ord. pronounccd l>y GocI in hi. l>1.uing:"lncrc .. " and mulripl l Indfill,h curth :Fori. waoonl)'.ftcrman .inncd.luthi. JuJlarole;i.wuaircrman linn.dlhathi.n .. rurall>cing. ......'nlngth. len.. oflh .. mcl>u.losing'h .. tdomln .. nc~lo which.h·l>ody"·u.,,l>jcctlncvcrypart , fe!: ..ndno.iccd ..... nl>huhcdll and conc ... l.d thltlult .The nupti .. ll>lc •• int;.howeve., whercb,· .hepait,join.dinmarriagt, w.rcto incrclle .. ndmultiplr .. ndfillth.... rth . rcm .. in.d m force ev.n ... he" .hc), SInned, ~'.. ir ..·... g'ycnl>cforc .... cy."'nec!., forlupur . po........om .. kci.d ... r.ha'thepn><:rc .... on of children p"rlOflh. glory o(marriage Indno.ofth'pun"hmcntof"n.C'TYOP GOD,..1I,'
"a
G .. " ....O DO.. , .. ,O .. OV •• TH' 8 .... TS W'T HIN. GUGOn OF Nnu: "You will .ul. ovu uvag. hus ..: How ,hough. you may uk •• "IC"I h ... ea bu" ... i,h,n!AcruaIJy. Ih ..eau.myriad .• countlusnumbuof beuts wilhinyou.You.houldno,,..ke off.n •• inlh... wo.d •. Ragei,a.m.lJbeul. y" ... h.n;'~rowil;nlh.hurli • • nydoll morc.n·ag.! I. nO'lhetrucherollllollJ like f.c.h h ...... k.d in fron, of. be.... d.n! !s nOI.hchypocri .. abcall! ... [Rul.j .h.n o~ •• 'h.bea"" n.id.you.RuJ.your Ihoullhu , o,ha,you w illb.com •• ruluov .. aIJ.hinll'. SOlh ..... m.on.whopro~idcslh. pl)WOT 10 .ul'l)v•• alllivinll.h ing' prl)~id • • powcrfl)ru'tl).ul,I)~ .. ou.",,1 ..... 0"'TH. O"rG'"Of M ..... IO H u ...... ,TTP...T.. " .. o.A .. ..... LN..Tu ...;. GlIGoar or Nnu: A,bru.. lif. firs. cn .. r.d,nlOlhcworldandman ...•ook IOmcth,ngofthcirnuurc {lmcan.h.mod.of g.n.rauon ).hcaccl)rd,nllly,ooka,.hc .. mc lime a Ih..eof,heo,herau.ibu, •• contcm· pl...d,n,haln.ture. Fo.theliken ... ofman • 0 God Ii not found in angcr.nor i. pl ... u•• • m.rkof.hc.upcriornaturc;c""·ard,,•• IIO. .ndholdn•••• and.h.d •• ircofga'n •• nd,h. d.. lihoflo... and.lI.h.lik •• aref.... mo ... d f.om.ha'J•• C ....T'O .. OF M ..s,8"" ." AU T>.O.'TYO.... 6 . .. UI R........ CT.G oO'. LOVB FOll; HII ...... 'TY. C.. ",nOSTO .. , So. .. f"r .... y'ng·mal.a ndf.mal.h.mad•• h.m· ...hougbtohc"o,,·a blc,"ngonncbof ,h.m.b.go~. on"Godbl .... d.h.m'"th. word •. ·lncr.... andmulliplr·fillth.cartb .nd~a,"domin,onov.r".andha ... con.rolof
th.S.hof.hc ....:·fkhold.h...markahk ch.raCt.rof,h~blu.ing!lmcan"ho.. word., ";nc..&KandmulliplyandfiUth...rth:any' on.could ... .....id of . h. b,u .. t.e ... ,. and thc"p,ileoalik •. wh.reu·llaind""""ionand hn. con. rol " arc dir."ed.o . he man and woma",S", ,h. Lord ·.lo.. ingkindn ....: .... " beforccrc.llng,h.m. h.makesth.mlha.. in .hi. con.rol and bcs,ow. o" ,h.m.hehl...ing. "Ha... con.rol".h•• cE,"ay •• "oflh.fi.hofth. , ... ch.bird,ofhu... nandallth.....l•. th. whol...rth and all the repcil .. crcep,ng"" ,heurth:DidyounO'ic~!h.d.fini'i ... ch .. · acterofthli.uthority!Didyounot'ceallct< • ...dlh inll·placedllnd
'°.9.') Hu ...... P o wn. OV B. T .. B 6 .un. AUGu. , T",.,A,
pow~r tha< h rule. many animals. For rhough h~ un b~ killed by man)' wild animals on accounr of.be fragili.y of hi. bod)'. he can be .am~d by non~, although h tarn", vuy man)' and nearly ail of .hem. Two BOOKSONGBN E'
slsAG"1NSTT H ~M"N l <; H"HAN Sj.18.19."
b.CR ...n .. NPMu LT' 1'Cy, JO HNOFD.. · .... scus:Af,.rth~tra n .g r ...ion, ... tOpre. "enj,beweartngoutandd.,truc.ionof.h. nc.bydea.h ,marriag. "" u devi .ed.ha"h. ncc of men maybe preseTVed.hcough ,he
frui,ful and multipl y" does no, al together ref~rtotbe mu ltiplyingby,hemarriagecon
nection, For God had power t o mul.iply.he raceaJ.oindiffe .... ntwayo,ir.h~J' kept ,he precep. unbrohn '0 the end. But God. who Itnow.allthi ng,b~foretherhaveui"cnc •• Itnowinginhi.ro .... knowledgethat.hey would fall intotran.grellion inlhefu.ur~and be co ndemned.ode.. h. anticipated this and madc "mole and female: and bade ,hem "b~ frui.ful and mulfiplj"." 0..' TH! ORTHO<>OX FAITH ......."
proc ru,jonofchildr~n.
But.hel'will perhap. aok, Wha. then is the meaningof-maleondfemol.-and"Befruitful and multiply ", ln on.wer welh.U .ay that "Be
1:29 30 PLANTS AND FRUITS A R E FOOD FO R HUMANS AND BEASTS
Z'A lld God ,aid, "Bt hold. I h~vt givtn YOIl tvcry pl~nt yidding .ud which i. "POll Ihc facT of allth. e~Tfh, and r vrry Iru with jud in il< fT wil : yow sbaH hav. thtm for food. )
Ovn.V1HW: Originally God permitteci ,h. use of foods fTom vogeu.ion.fba,i •.• egeable. .nd the frui" of ,h•• r ... (ORlGE",N""ATfA" GR1!GOR" OF NYSSA). Borh .n ... m.lo and f.m.le,u.ed ,n" food for ,h. bodj' ,ha< fh. other animal. u•• d and Tcceived fi" in~ . u... · nance from" (AIIGIIST'NB). Th. food fTom
veg~ta.ion
also
srmboli~u
human affcc,""",
(ORlGll" ),
1,29·30 God Gi,'" PI"nu far Food T HB FfRST Foou \\'''5 FRO'"' VIlGBT"no". ORIG 1! '" The hi"or;cal meaning. a: least. of
thi'ICntcnccinruutuclurly thuoriginally Godpcrrn",.dth.uuaffoodafromvcgcu· ...",.
,.".' H ..... LlNG TO LoWLY SOli.• NoyAT, .... : Man·.fi ... foodwu.olclyfnlltandp'od .... fram ...... Man·sguih.ub •• '1 u• nd yin .....· d .. c.d.h..... ofb,cad.Th. po ...... ofhi. body.ho .... fonhth.'u .. afh .. conoci.nu. AI long a. ma,,·. conoci.ncc did nOt r.p.oach him . innoc.nccraiocdhimup.owardth. huv".,..a pl .. ek. h.. food from the [ftu. Onc. "" had be."
IU'U. Narurt had nOI yel ben divided ; uUylhing ..·a. cornpl~uly f, uh. Hun".. did nOt caplUrt p.ey•• ince people did nOt yet practlcethi •• Thebeu,.didno'ycttu. apartp.cy•• inccthcywcrtno'm.a'u .... y...... So was thefi .. t erealion.and.o ,hi. creu ionwillb.ru,o •• daftc,.hi.[ag' ]. Hurnan. wiU.ctu.n.othci.o
n .. .,lmY".lfholdwilhthoHwho.con.id.r·
ingth.",o •.u."MoJ.andf.makh.",u."d th.m .... ying.·Jnet.u.and multipl)·and fill .hturth:·' inttrp.ct.hcmlJref."ing.ovlJ' ibl •• ndbodily ....:. Thi.lldur. ,ny....· of what follows:"And God ...,d. ·lkhold . 1 have giycnyo".vtryplan.yicldinglccdwhichi, .. ponth.fu.of.U,h.urth .• ndcvery .... wlth ...din1t.f,uII:y""Jhallhavcth.mfat food.And.o ..... ybclJ.of.h. urth.and '0 .v.rybirdaf.heait,and.oey.rything.hat ""p.onth.carth.cvcrylhingd""w,h. b.cathoflik I ha ... gi... n.vcry g.ctn plan • fo. food:" No •• ,hat both mal. and f<:mal. uHd Ih. food fa. ,he body ~hlt
To EVlu B ~"'T I Hum G'VI'" EVltr PUNT. GlIGOtY Of Nus .., W. 1\0" . ho ... · .vCf.many",ildbcaoudono.catfru,<.\Vh.t fr"i,doc • • hepan,h ••• a,!\l/ha.f... itmak •• ,h. lion ...ong! Bu, neverthdUI ,heo.e eru · "".I ... hen • .,bm""ng.ath.la"l ofnoturc. atcf... II •. Andlikew',"whtn .h t [firs, ] m.n ch angedhll waroflif.and~o;ded.h.l imi u
•• , upon h,m •• h. Lord. af"tc. th. flood. kno ... · 'nghuman. ,.,.....·ao..ful.allowed,h.m.o .... all foods: · E.. cv.ry food .. if" wet •• di · bl. plan..." Sin". (human. ] w.,.allow.d thi . r,oncuSlon].th.oth.ranima!s [aIJol rc, .. vtd ,he libcn T to u,. So the lioo ,s [now [ a m.,,·u.et.and.h.vul.ur.loQkJf.,.,.clt. B.,tv .. h .. rc.w.n n'.. yet"i .dlng"bo~. thecarrh.afindu'Tlanwh.n .hcan;mal! ''''gin".d:noth,ngcrca«dnarim·llincd had yet d,ed In order '0 be food for ,h. ~ .. I.
ne.cuitiu wer. taken Can of by the pro~r funCliOM of the membcrs. witbout arousing lwt. AGA'NSTJuUAN 4.4.69.'
the t.cc oflife. le., thcy dic of old agc. I would ne.eT bdieve that. in aplac. of such gT
1:31 GOD SEES THAT CREATION IS VERY G OOD
J' And God .' O. N.,sA). The conc.pt of" "da)··cannotbercduccd.o aninnantbut impIJ •• a proccso (C Har505TQM ).
Goo SA'" T . . .T T .. ~ ENT'R~ CaBAT'O" WA S GO OD. AUGUSTINE, Cu, ... inl), W< .hould no, earcl ...lypassovcr.h. word.of Scrip'"'' ,ha' .. y.·A ndGod . ... ,,· th ... U the .hing•• ha,h. had made wcr. vcry good." For wh~nd.alingwi ,h individual ,hing •. it onl)' .,ayo," Go.::!uwth.,itilgood: butin'p.ak. ingofall.hing •. it .... asno'. noughtooay "good"wi,hout adding"very" .. ,,·cll. For if prud.ntob.~rv.n
1:3 1 God Sn· E,·crythillg Th
43
GaNUI."JI TH.M .... ,CH ........ , ••
'.p.'
5 ... IL... ,TT BITW .. H C .. IAT.. U TH'N"S .. NO C ...... TO... A"IlUIT .... : No on.doubu .h .. God himuLf i • •ho primal good. L nd~~d Ihlng.c.nb....id,obclimil .. ,oGodin many wly" Some. etea.ed in ..aocdanct wi.h power and w;ldom. Ire . imill<'o God bcuu.ouncruledpowerlndwi.domarein him. Olher c.ea,ed ,hing. arc .imil .. '0 God in 'hcllmple r.",h., the y arealive •• nd Godi.incomp... blyalive.ndthe.ourcoof LikO.hcrcrca,ed.h ,ng • • r••,mil.rtoGod ,nlhlt.heyh.vcbc,ng,fo.Godiltnenign· ,"bcing.nd.ne$Ourc~ofbcing.Andcven
tnoKtningalhal me.dy UJ,' and ye. do no. It •• o.knOwlre,nhi.!ihnc.... nOICOm ·
plClelybul,n •• ltgh,degree,bccauuuen .ner,rcgood,nlh."ownord.r.whil.God i.incomparablygood,n,,,·artr.nlCending .ll other good. and from ,":,homev.rything good p.ocudl,E,GHTY·THul QUfiST IONS
i1.·.' T H' D,v'N~ Goon C .... lh Pu c..,v"o THIOUGH C.UT IO... A","ose: From Ihe good.othlt,nherc,n,nen.turcofcrca.ion.hcyarc,ndocdyerygood. cvenasthoLo.d ...,d _onoc.nlppre hendthc.up.emeand evcrlu,ing good. The o.dtrof.ht univeue. ,,,,,,"ngement and ,u bcauty-i. not a man movedbj·lhll tolovcni .Cre"or.ev.nifnei. .lnwin abili.yl For ifw. love our parenu becauletherhavep.oduc.dul.howmuch mo.oougntwc.o lovc.hcCreltorofourpar. tnu and our own Cr • .,or! Therefore Ihe power of GO
T H. S U:T H D .. T 0"1' H " ...... C .....TION "NU TH . S ' ZT H AIl.oP TH. H UM.... RA c •• AU"USTIN.. :Sac,~dSc.,ptul'<'cornmcndJlh~ puf~ct;on of Ih~ number aix 10 u, up<:cl.1.Lly In Ih;l, tha, God compl~l~d hi. woru on lix daYI and mad~ man in th~ image of God on Ih. lix.hda)'.Andth~SonofGodclmcin.h.
,ixlh ageof.hc human raCc I ndwaamlde the Son of man. on order to rc-form u. in Ihc imagcofGod.Thi,i.theagein ... hichwc.ro atpr<:lent.whe.hcr • •hou ... nd~arl.r<: alligncd.oeach.georwhe.hcrwclCltlo uponmemorabLeandnotablop
1.".0
I .. A S , r
ncuandgoodntuthathcnutcdtvcrything; Iccordinglyhccru.tdthing"nH'IUtnccand p...,. idcd ulwith.clclfiru,ructionabou,,, ... •• cd,hing" hrough.h • • ongu
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2: 1 ·3 GOD RESTS ON THE SEVEN TH DAY
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' Thlll the h."vtlll· "nd th e urth ", ••• finilh.d, alld the holt}' oftbtm. lAnd on th e ltV, nlh' day Godfillilhtd hll work' ",hich h. had don., a"d h. rested On Ih.Jtv,"lh day fro lll all hi! ",ork' whi ch h. had don t. ' So God bltjj.d Ih. ltv. nth .la] and h"lIowrd il. b.UIIJtOIl it God r.lltdfrom allhil work whi ch h, haddon!incrtAlioll.
O .... ......w :Go(l".rcSfon.hclCv.nthd.oy ila mttaphor.ha,dcpku .h.mYllcryof.hc.ru. rcltg ,vtn,op
'I compn.~d of SIX period •. lead humanity.o ... bba,h .• ha, lS.,0~.crn.l,cs. ( 6to l). Th. u v(n.bda),il ... ncrifitdbrGod·,rclt. Th. fa"Mul will bca.cycnm da,· wh~n .hcy.hall bcfillcd "·,,hGod·. ble... ng (AuGuST''''. ), God rCI'.on th ••• ven.h da)"but hi'gov ••. nanc. con.inu •• (C HMnoSTo", ). Cru,urc.
God (E ......... ) In the (A.....olI).
Ipr;ng"m~
of «ea.ion
2: 1-2 God ReJledo" th e S."tlll hV"J' T H t M ...... , ..... Of GOD'S RalT. E PH ..... TH. 5 ... , .... , From wh ...oil did God rcItIFor.h. cr.. ,urc.,h .. clm.lO bcon.hcfi ... daycamc ,obcbyimplk.uion,c:tccp.fo•• h.ligb •. which cl me.hrougb hi. word.· And.ht rCII of.hcworJu,hllcamc.obcaftcrwardcamc tob •• hroughhi, word. \Vha •• oillS,h.r.for
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u.whcn we.peakon. word! So wh .. ,oil could.h ... havcb..en for God.ospeak One word a day! Mo.!u,whodivid.d.h • •ubyhis word and his rod. did not.i ... joshua. son of Nun. who restrained th. lumin.ries by hi. word. did not tire.Sowhat.oil could the .. havehecn for God wh.n he created.hesea .nd . h. luminariuby hi. word! I.,..•• not becau •• he .. Sted On th.t day that God. who do • • not w...y. bl ....d.nd .. nctifi.d th ••• v· .nth da)" Nor wu it becau.e he wu to give it 10 that peopk, whodid no. und ... und th •• Jinc. th.yw... frced from th.ir •• rv;tud • • •h,ywere,ogive .... ,o thcir.crv.n...nd maidJervan\&. H.gav. it to th.m .o th.t ,.v.n if they h.d.o be pu, under rcquiremen,. they would re".h was given to.h.m in ord.r to depictby. remporal rest , whichhegaveto a remporalpeopl •• th e mysteryofth.tru...n whichwillb.giv.nto.h....rnalpeopl.in .h....rn.lworld.Co .. ME~TARYONG.N.S'S ',P· H· ' GOD'~ RUT A"' D C '''U ST'S RUU"' ''' .CT ION. LfiTTBROF BARNHAS'God.ay • •oth.j,wJ "! will no,abid. your ne'"moons.nd your sabb.. h.:' You wh.t he means: The p ...cn,ubb.,h •• rc not.ccep •• blc.o me. but th.tsabb.th which I have made, in which. alicr giving re" to all thi ngs. 1 will mak. th. b.ginningofth•• ighth dar.th., i•. th. begin· ningofanoth.rworld. Th.rcforc.we al.occl .b.... withjo)'.h.eighthd.)· onwhich j .." . a!Joro .. fromth.d.ad.fterhi,rcst.,,·a. mad. manifest and ascended into hcav.n. L~TT."OF BARNABAS 1;.8:
se.
Go .. R UTS IIUT Ht. GO"B ", N,,"'':::E CON. TINU.S. C HRYSOSTO .. , You .... in .. yingat .hi, poin, ,ha, God rtoted from hi' works, Scripturc tcach .. u' ,ha. h.ceas.dcr.ating
and bringing from nonbeing in'o b..ingon th. .even,hda)·. whe.usCh.is,.inuyingtha, "myfatheTisatworkupun.ilnowandlama. work:' ruulshisuncouingcarefotus:h. calb"work"themain,enanceofcrea«d thing•• be .. owal of perm an enc. on ,hem and governance of them 'hTOUgh all time. If,hi. wasn·t.o.afut.lI. how wou ldne'Ything han sub. iSted,without the guiding hand above di r • ."ing all vi.ible things and the human .ac. as wdl~ HOM' Ll ES 0" G."u.s 10 .• S.'
TH. Goo .. W o .. " . DO..,E ' ''' l l ~1 LB .. V To ET . .. ..,.OL R UT. BIOE' Under ,he law Ih. p.ople wereorder.d 10 work for si% d.y • • nd tot ..,ontheocven,h ... b...usc,h eLord compl."d the CTeaUOn of th e "·oddin Jixd.y' .ndd ..i...dfromhi . wotkon.h •• even,h. Mystic.llrspeaking. we arc coun •• I.d br.lI ,hi•• h.,tho •• who in lif.devote th.mJel ... to good works for tbe Lord·•••k•• r. in th. futurel.dbv . he Lordto .. bbath"ha, is.to .. crnal"JI.Ho"'UESo"'T H EGosPBLS ~.17.'
2:3 Th.
S.~r " t" D~y H~lIl) .... d
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...... , I. wufimng.h •• me bcg,n n ,ngof . hr yt:arbcthebcg'nningofgcnuarion.Hax .... MI.0 .....
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T H.F.. ' TH " ' LW ' LLlb .. SIVINTHD.. T. AUGII.TINB, Hcav.n. IOO .... iIIbc.hc fulfill · ... enlof.h.,ubba.h ... ,fo,e,oId,n.heco ... · ... and,·8e&. iUandsee.h., I a ... GocI:IO Thi •. ,ndecd.",Hlbc.ha.u]um. ..... bb"lth.ha,hu noeven ,ng andlh ... h. Lord forelhadowed in ,h ••"oun,of hi . c,ea';on,·AndGocIre".d onth •• eventh day from all hi. work ,ha,h. had done. And heble..cd , he.ne n,h da)' a nd ... n<:tified,,:becaust i""hehad ,,,..edfrom all h" ... ork ,h • • GocI " ....d and mad.: And we our"l"". ",ill be,·"ven,h d.y · ... hen_ .hall be fiUed "" th h,. bl" ... ,ng and rcmad. br hi .... n
tion thal could ncver be gained by duen;on. For ",heTCdid thedoing ...;tholll God end hll' in the IIndoingofman th rough the anger of God!Onl), ... hen .... a",remadch)"God and pcrf<:credbragr.a .. rgraa ohallwe h avethe e.un.1 "iIl ne... of that ,,,.. in whi,h we.hall see ,h., h. i. God. CITY OFGOU n.)o." ALLTH . F ,.aT C . ....TU.U W • • • BOT H l'O"HG .... OO LD.E .. HU .. TH.SU" ....: JUIl as,he ..eu,.heyegcta' ion.,heammal •• •h~ bird.andevenbllmankindweTCold .•oalw we,,, ,he ryollng.The y wtr
2:4-7 GOD FO R MS MAN OUT OF D UST
' {Tbtlt IItt Ibt gt",,"r,onJ], of Ilu !..nt'" an d rbt uTrb ",brn rbc] IIIttt eruud. JII rb. day rbar lb. Low Gad mad. lb . carl ~ IIlId I~t be a~cnJ,' Iw btn n ~ plam of lb. {trld Wa l] rI;" tb. ea'l~ IIl1d n o bcrb of tb. fitld bad ]cr Ip rung up-for Ib t Lo." God bad 1101 t /lwSt.! ;rlO ra;" wpon lb . ta rlb , ILnd rbe rt Wa l 11 0 mall tDlill d" growlld ; tbwI' m; sl" II'CIII wp from tbe tllrrh "lid waltltd rb. wbol . f"ct of Ihe gro wn d- 'Iho .. rh. Lo." Go.!
formed m.. n of aUir from Ib e gfl}llnd.
OV • • v,".... ,Mo ••• rtturn • •orcia<eho... cr.· adon "'as fir't adorned {EpHlta .. j. The vege'ation of the carth and 'he rain m.. y be vitwtdas m.uphors of ,h. nunur. and gro ... th ofth. hum .. n.oul in
"mixed with the du.t of Ih ....th ( GUGo.~ oFNAZ'ANZUS).Th •• ouli, ,,.at.d;lhen •• h i.·fuhion.d: Th. greatn .... and ,h.lowlin." ofhumanityis •• eninth.brea,hingofaliving ,oul into
2,4-6 Tb t Gt ltNli""i 0flhrH.u,from thercfer.ncetothe.etwothatlllvi.ibl. Ihing,areofnece ..itycontain.dinthi. hook . bOlhtho.. inhelv.nandlho •• on.arth HO .. 'LluoNGBNEslsn.4.' THB LORD M .. DB EVBU H B" •. CH"UOSTOM: Th. earlh in compliance with the Lord '. wordlnddirectionproduc.dplan u and"·,, stirr.dintopang.offe"iht}'w;thou,d'p"nd· ingon the.un fo,;usisrlnce (ho,,' could it. after all. the , un nOt yet being cru •• dn. nOr on the moiotu« from lhower •. nor on human labor (humanh
o nur.,.
.. ~re finw.~d and God had blulCd th~ ....!>bath d.ar....ho
af,.r.h.day, of«ea,ionhadbc.nfini,h.d "Th... ar •• h.g.n.rationlof.h.hcav.nland
.hcurlh:tha.i •. thisi, .hcaccoun,o(rh. fuh,on'ngof hcavcnandurlhon 'hcdar ,,·h.n rhc I..ord madc hcavcn and unh. for U ,..,,"noplan.of .hcficld,,·u,n.hcunhand noh.rbof.hcficldhady...prungup."E¥cnif th ..c,h,ns,w... no,acoualiycrca •• don.hc r,n,day-forthc)·hadbun mad. on ,he rhird day- .. iII Mo.c, did nOlruhlrin,rod ucc.on ,hcfir.. da)·.,h.reporloftholCthing •• ha. .... r.crea •• donth.,h,rddar·ForMou.uid, ·Nopianrofthcficld"""yc, ,nthcca.,hand nohctbofth.fi.ldhadyulp.ungup-forth. I..o.d God had no'ca .... d "'0 ra,n upon th. c.. nh ,butam .., .... n,upf
cv.. ythmgd"I ha.b.cnhornand ... illbchorn
from Ih.carth will b. Ihrough ,heconjuncrion of ....,.randur,h.Mo... und • .,,,,,k,olho," thalnoplan,o,vcg.tattonhadbo.ncn:a.cd along .."h ,hc .. "".hccauJC ,h. ra,n had not yet COme dow ... Bu. after m. grur mm <0. . up f
..,ut,
adds·hefor.th.y ...... uponth .....h;wh.ch mcan, ·bcforerh• ..,ul.inned ." Foroncorh( .oul ""...oil.dw,th carthlyd..iru. it "'uu if .h.... ulwuhornonrhe ... rth.ori ...... nce derlyed (
AUCUST'''.' Now God aI ... make. ,he ¥.g«a· "onof,h.field,bu.hyram,ngupon.h. ea"h, .ha, il.h.mak...oubhccom.grccn againbyh ..... ord.Bu,h......... ,h.m(rotr. rhccloud •. ,h •• i•. from,h .... n.ing,of .he pr<>phetl and oponl... Two Boou ON G~"'E' IISAo .. ''''TTN. M.. N'CH ..... Sl· .. ·S·'
THI S •• "oc SU'.OLl ~U CH II. UT. MAII.'l·~ V":TOo.l"us,Chri" is ,ha. spr'ngo{,,·h,ch ,he prophct uy.:h irrisa, •• and ,,·a.er, ,h. M'hoic",rrh."Bu,Chrisrirris,,,,,rhrM'hoie univerl •• ho,hY"ibl"nd tnYlsiblo:",nh ,h. Iprin'oflif.he ...... rs,h •• ub".nc.oiev.".. ,hinsrha'.¥Il".\'.'in.of.rash.1lI,f•. h." Ch".. : 'n... faraoh.,,· ...... h. "th.Hoh· Sp",,, .l\t-Oiatao h. is the pow.. of¥nah'r. '" "Fotheran.d God;bu. ,h. whol... oneGO
.arth.,h .. i•. ,hed'B... lyof,h ..... h. may'" correcdy "iewcd .. ,he mo.hcr oi,he Lord . ,h.Vir"nM.ry·. who ..·al .......edbyth. HolrSp"u.whoislignificd,n,h.Gospclb • rh. term ""'.... ' T ...o Boo"so" G"NESI' AC"''''JTTHiM"",cH .. a''Ns~ ''4. J1.·
2: 7 God Forms Man fr om the Ground GOD FORM S M .... FRo M M il D. AUGlISTlNE: Fimofall .• hefact ma, God fonnedman from the mud of.be eanh usually rai. e•• qu ...ion about ,h • ."n ofmud it wu or th. kind of mat«i.a! the term m~d .ignifi..... Thou enemies of the Old Book [the Manichaoaru J, looki ng ..t .verylhingin.carnalmann.randlhe~for.
a.lway. bcinginerro.,bilinglyfindfaullwilh .hispoin.a. we!1,nameiy;lhaIGodformed man from Ihe mud of the eanh. For they"r, "Why did God makt man from mud, Did h. !ack .. bctterandh.avcnlrmatcrial fTom which h. could make man,lhat he fonned him fT.gil. and mOfla.l from thi.eanhly conuption,"To bcgin with. they do no, undemand howmanr meanings etther.arth Or Wal<. has in the Scrip. lur.s,formudis.mixlU~ofcatlhandw ••er Aloow...y,ha.thchumanbodybegan.o wastea",·arand.obc fn.gileand mortal after .in.Bntth< Maniche.n< abho. in <>u,bodyonly th. m<>"alid mad. man from the mud of Ihi. earth ... illwh.'isthe~lh.'isllrang.ordiffi· cuh for God in ma.lcingthe human body such ,h., i,would no,be . ubject tocorroprion if. in obcdienc. '0 God·.commandmen,. he had not willdto .in! For wt oay that mebeau
w;.h .helow~SI"""h,aligh'entombedin a cav.,ye,whollydivineandunqu.nchabk ... Hespoke,andtaking..,m.oflh.new1r minledunhhisimmotut<>f du ... having ,e<:eived ,hc ini>rc.alning, ,he bru,h oflifc:,"bec" m. a living soul:Wha, doe."a living .<>ul"me.n!i\n acr iv. soul. wh ich h•• th.membenof.h.bod)· as ,he implem.n.lofi ...cti"i.i ••.• ubmi •• iv.toi.. will. H OMILIES ON GENESIS I:.,S ."
mudofth.earth..,thalbefo~ l in;taff1icted
O ... " ' ''O F T N mSOuL. T~RT ULL ' ..."Th< soul has iu oTigin in IhebTea lh <>fG<>
man with no ,rouble or nedand wa ..edawa)" from no corruption, Two BOOKS os GBNBS," AG .. tN $TT,uM"N,cN" BAN '~.7.8.·
GO D UN ITU THmHu .... " So on TO THII BODVlLvH . s B..... TH. AUGIISTL"II:Scrip·
T HB BRIIAT H OF GOD M'XII5 WIT H DUST, GUGORY OF NAZ'ANZUS: Th~ soul i• •h~ b,.. [hofGod .•• u;' ... nc~ofhca".n mixed
tII",u.y.,·Andh.brcath.din.ohimth. b... thorlif•• andmanbec.m~.li .. inglO .. l: lfupto.h '"f"',n,.he•• waoonl),.h.bod)·.w • • ho .. ld .. nd .... ~nd .hl. thclOul ..·u atth" f"',n'Joined '0 the bod)"Pcrhlpl thclO ..1had be.n.lrudym.d.h.. tw .... illuifin.hc mo .. thofGod.d.. ,il.inhi.".. thlndw ... dom.Bu."didno,d.p."from.hc,,"if • "p.....d by pllcu. when i,wasbr... h.d fo .. h.Fo.Godilnoteonuin.dbypllccbu, il prennt eYerywh .... Two BOOKS 0 .. GB ... ' 5.sAoAINITTH.M .. NICN ..... NS1.5 .• 0." Nnu •• O' TH. SOUL. A.. non: n,.,.~fon: th.lOullfnotblood.bcca ..... blood .. ofth. fklh; nor '. ,bc 10..1a hannony. bcca..... ha.· monyof,hi ........ il alooofthcfll$h:""ith~r" thcI0Il1 .... b«auHblown bruthioonethinl; and,h.IO .. llOmcthingelH.ThelOuli.nOlfi",. no ... ,h•• o.. l lCluoh'y.b .., thc soul i.living. f.".Adam·beclm.alivinglOuI:linccthclOul rul~'.ndgl,.e. lir.:.o,h.hod)·.whichi. w"ho .. t lif.orr.:ding.lu .. c.oRT H HSoul~.4 ."
FU' H F... H.O,..n,SoULC....·... n.GUG· OaY o. Nus..: God made the inner person: h.mold.dth.ou .. r.·Moldin~·i. l .. iublefor cby.b ..,"mlkmg"tI [fitungJ for.n,m'g• . $o on th. Onc b.nd. hc·molded·flcsb.bul on tb. OIher. he·mad.·th~.oul.O>
MA,.. " T HB G ....TNU. AN" LO"'LtNU' Of H" . MAN'TT. GUGOlty n. Nnu:-God ,ook of •h.d .... o(,h ••• .,h.ndf.. hion.dman:ln .h .. wo.ldI h.,..dioc..... crcdthc.W< TlU O .'G.'" OF M",•. "
TH. UNITY O .
BOOT .. N O Som•• GUGOU
o. N ..., ..: Oth~u,on the contrary. mark,ng Iheorderoflhemakingofmanulta,.dby MOIC •• uyth~lth'IO .. lillCcondtothebody ,norderoflime,linccGodfifSttookd.... from the carlh and fonned man. and then ani · mated th.heingthllSformcd by h"brurh. B" ,hi.argum.ntth'yprove,ha,th.f1nhi, more nohle , han ,h••oul. th .. which wupr •. vio ... l)' formed (moTC nohleJ than th.t wh kh w...f,uw.rdinf.... din.o ...... No •• g.in I • • w.,no .. tdo.::trin.tobegln by m.king up mlnlih •• byfigur.and.ou."d,.,th.IOU! c~m.in .obcingfot,h.»keof .h ... forl .. rcly In .hl\ c~ ... th. intell.ctu.l n.tu", .... ould be Iho ... n.obcl... prcclOlU.h.nth.d~r figu",. S.., as man ilonc.th.beingconllJungoflo..1 .ndbodr,we.""oluPf>OIe.h., the begIn . ningofhi.ni ... ncci.on •. common.obo.h lI""cu.lo,h.. h•• ho .. ld no, b. fo"nd '0 b. In..c. d.n'.ndpo ....ior'oh,m •• lf... ifth. hodil)·.l.mcn, wc .. fi.1t In point of,im •• nd ,h.o.hcrw.r•• I.tct.ddi"on.Q"TN,C" , .. T' ONOF M .. ,,1&,'·l9.I.'· GOO PU C.. AS HA•• OFH,.G .... c • •'" TH.SOU L. B..StL THE G ....T: wAnd hc b.... h.d Into hi ...... tfil.:.h~t 11 to "'y. h. plac«!'nm... ..,m•• ha.. ofhl ........ ngrac: • . m ord.rth.th~might r
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H ow GOD C....T. D H U.... " I ' N .. D, ' ... · I NT WUF.O.. AN..... l.5.G.'GDaYDF Nn, .., Abo.e, the ,cxl l ayl Ihll Godcreucd; hcr. i, .. y. how God crca,ed. Ifthevcrle had .i mpl)"uidlh .. Godcrcaled,youcouldhav• bcb.v.d tha,hecrca,.d (human"y ) " he did ford•• bc"[$,for ,h .... ild animaL •. for ,he planflfOrtmgTUl.Thi.i.",h,·. •o.voidyour plaClngh,m.nlhecl. .. of",lIdan,maLs. lhe dIV,no word hu made known the p.rtlcular artwh ochGodhll ul edforyou:'God tookof th.dulI of Ihe caTlh.· 0" THIO"G'''OF M .. N.'"
T HI SOllL M.. " .. U'"OF Bo olL' M'M' ..... C N..UOSTO .. : Thus wh.n you hur ,h.. God·b.uthtd,n.o h•• fao:c the bruthofH£c.· .. nderAandthatjus, .. heOrnughtforthth< bodil... pow....... aLsoh ...·.. pLcamlh.. ,he bodyofm.n.crc.,.do.. lofdulI .• houLdha ••• rallonalloulwhicncQuLd"'. k..... ofth. bodilymembcr •. HO M'LllSoN G .... SlS 1).9." T H.Nuu •• o.Goo W... NOTT" . ... o ' '''TO THI SOU L OF M.. N. AUGUST"'I' Wc ough,lound •••tand ,hi. p....g.... ,h., w. dono"akc,h ....o.ds·h.bTu.h.d,n,oh,m ,heb.u,hoflif•.• ndm.nbcoc.m•• 1iving ooul"'om .. nth'.part .... i,w.... of.h. nllurcofGod ,,·.. ,u l n.d,ntolhetoulof man .... Th. na,uI. of God i. no, mu,abl •• d""" no'.rrandi.no'corrup,.dbylhe .... n. ofvico •• nd."...... SC .. p,urcclcally .. y. ,h.. ,h.... ul w.. m.d.byth. a1m.gh
· S.fore I form.dyouinthewomb,l knew you'-" lfGod form . ... in m. womb. h••"",
~;:~~:;;o~~~dh;:~da~nd'~;e~~~~~~~~: him
~::;;·.~e O~~i~; ~~::o~~dw~;ah:~o~;own man . 0 .. T HE SoUL ~6.S"· H U....... TT R ... uo AG ... N T .. tOUGH H n
a ......T"' ..G.AuIOUST.NE:Aft uhi ' ,CIU'TCC· .ion . ... hen h~ fitll .ppcued.o hi, d"c'pl ... h. la idlo.htm.· R. cciv.th.HolrSpili,." Abou, Ihll giving.lh.n. il ""15 . . id.·Th~ Spi';lhadno,y.. bc.ngi... nbccaulc.luul hadnolynbeenglorified: 'Andheblnlhed upon Ihe,r face:" Tho On. "'ho fir .. ga .. lif• '0 m.n by breath,ngand'llSCd h,m up from th.m,.candbrbru.h,ngg .... a loultoh .. membcorl i. ,he oamo Onc who brc.thed .. pon .heitf.«th., ,h.ymight .... up f.om ,ht slim •• nd .. nounccfil .h)· work,;.T .... cTATu 0" T" .G05 PI L O'JO""J~.6. )."
o.
FOt .. . " D UST I t Go ",', O""N H .... o i. THIOOO." O. Cn: When wc hcor MOlel' wliungodeK ribchowGod.ookd.UI from m. unh """b hll hand. in order.o ",.k. man . w' ''1· ,ound.I... ndwha, ... chl.nguag'''''gh, mun.hmun • •his:th .. whol e ofGod u had . l pecial,nttrellinth."tat ionof thehuman nllun . Thtgle.. prophe,proclaim.,hll ve
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W" 'N GOD FoaM " Us , ~. T" . WO MI, HI a ....T" U ON U•. T."Tun' .. N: Thu. yo~ rc.dlh, w01"dofGod.lpokcn,ojcTC",i.h,
tht·_«Goo!.·11Iood.Mrt .. bm
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1 ~
c .... u.S;,..., embrrollplonted in Ihc mOlhc"" womb and devdopl from rh. ma,.,ial which hu IU,· round.d it from th. beginning.... IlsoGod wI ....d,o'lko,hcmltuiaJfor,h.hum'" body from ,h. earth. Thul. d.y be •• me nuh • ndblood •• "d.kin .• ndn.rv .... nd ... inl. .ndl ..." ... . nd,h.b..in.lndbon.mar"'''· .nd.uppo.. ingbon.... nd10 on.Co"PI .. o' U.. o.H.Rn 'CALMYTHS.-
DAMASCUS' From me urth he formed hll bodJ'sndbJ'hilowni"brea.hingglv<:h,ml n.ionallndunderlunding loul.whichw.u,· ill he divineimlge ..•. Th.bod)·and .h •• o..1 w. r. formed ...h. lame rime-nor on • beforelndlheothcrafrerwlrd.utherav,"g" ofOrige" would ha"" it. 0" THI! ORTHooor FAITH ~.r •. "
T ... SOU L 010 NOT PI.-."tlT.JO"" OF
2:8·9 THE GARDEN OF EDEN AND THE TREE OF LIFE
'A~d Ihr LOAD God pl~nrrd ag~rdtn' in Edrn. ! in Ibt tllll; ~nd Ihr.t ht p,,1 Ih. mlln whom hr h
1111110
Ofllubo ll.lrdzr Of good Illldtvil.
O,·.unw,Edc .. i.lhcl ...dofp.r,d, •• •h., God m.dc b.for. he form.d m.n (EPItUM . AUC;USTI" ' )' h.llOprcfigllrcl .he church (Cn......" ). Th ...... pl.nled ,n ,h. middle of Ihegardcolymboli::c iifc,kno",lcdgclndw;'. dom (LIlTTI.. TO D.OGNBT\Js.Ju.o ... j . Christ fC.,orulIl,oJifethroughth ...uoflife (GUOOIY 01' NAzI ..",zus). From I)au! we learn ,ha:,hcl"cali"n"fpar.d"."no"ob... mp!illically,. u,<:d .•ine
bcfin;ns ,0God {C .. "YSOSTo.. l .
ED." W ... CRUTIID 0" 1' HII T ",,,o 0 ..,.. E.H~'" TH' SYIIAI<: Ed.n ;llh.l.nd ofpa,· .di .... nd God had.ltudyplon.edltDnth. Ihir~ da,·. MO$<" up!.in • •h" br ")· I n~ . ·rn< Lord c. u•• d CV<'r ,,<:e.'u, " plu.. n, ,,,,h· ,ighta"dgoodforfood''''prou"orrhrro".. Ih ... rth : And.o Ih" ..· .ha, h. ....... lk,n~ .boutpar.d,u.h •• ddcd..·And.n..... ofl i',
was in ,he mids,ofparad is•. and th ..... of th . knowledge ofgoO
GO"PL .. NTRD .. G .... ""N.C HkYSOSTOM Andwhen . dearl)·b.loved.youh.atthat"Go
paudi,<.en€lo ••• fru itfult ... swithiniu waU s.Fromthe. e wh .. everdoesno,make good frui! i. cu,offandcaS! in'o the fire. LlITTSU71. IO .' W HBTH. .. P...... D' n Is , ..... SPRC,.,C T"" B,S"'CILoc..TJON.AMRIlOsE: l fpara. di.e.lhen,i.of.uch . nature that Paul al",,< • oronelikePlul.rouIJuaraly.ee il whil e aliv. and "ill "" u unabl.", remember wh.,herh. oawi, in the body o,ou' of the body. and mo .. · o~erh.ardwo.d.< lha,h<waJ,forbiddenro
.e"..l_if ,hisbe tru e, how will it b-e possible for u. 10 declare the po,i';onofpa •• diot which w.h.veno,b-eenable,o ,..and.evenif w.hld succ.ed.din , ecingit, w.woul dbefornidden ' 0 ,harewi,h olhers! And again .• ince Paul . hrankfromenhinghimselfbrrea.onofth. .ublimityof th e revelation, how much mo .. oughtwetosr.iveno,tob-e,on.nxiouJ:,odi,. do.e thlt which I.ad" odangerbyiu very rev· el.tion!Th • • ubje"of p.... di.e.hould not, therefore.b-e " ...ed lignti)·. P"UDt51 I.' WH y CH .. JST' .... S P .. uFAC' .. GE .. n. a"s'"TH E G RuT:For.hi. reasonw.allloo~
'0 th .
eaS! in our pr. y.... but f.w kno.... ,h., ,h i.i.becau.ew.a ..... king,hra nci.n' fatherland. which God planted in Eden , ,o",·ard.he eas;.ONTHE HOLV SP'RIT 27.66.'
2,9 Th. Tnt of Lift And the Tr.. of ,,,. Knowl.dg. of Good And Ev il TH IIC ~oSB"n . D. THB T .. II .. S''''''.JIIS TH I C Lon RBLATIO" a.TW •• " L'Pfi .. "D KNOWLEDG •• ANONYMOUS: Indeed. the .. i• •
d. •• pmun;ng;nthep.. ug.ofScripfurc th. t tdl.howGod inmcbf,g,nningplan ..d."cr ofkno ... lcd.~.ndat ru oflifein 'h.mi.u,of paudi ••• toal!o,,·,harlif.ilanaincdthrough knowl.dg •. ltwu bccau ,efhe fin'mendid. nO' un thi. knowlrdgc ... lIh dun he.." ,ha! theyweu.1r1pp<dofitbrth.deccitof ,hr KrpG"IT\l5n.~: THBT. no.L ,.BS,..• • OU :US W "OO .. """C H"' I T.J.II0MB,Now ifwiodom " ,h. ".., oflif.. Wiodom ;,nlf ""ieed i.Chrill.' ' '''' und. ...undno ..· ,h .. th.m.nwhoi.ble...d .ndholri.compar.d to,h i. , .... - th., i•• h. i. comp .... d 10 Wiodom. COnKquenu)".,..... Ott .ootha,theJuJlrrun,th.,blNJ.dmanwho huno,foUow.dth.roun .. Jof ,hc..;,k.d",ho h .. no,don. th'Ibu lha. don
liketh.truthat ilplantednearrunn;ng w.t.r.· H.i •• inorh ....... rd&,li kc Chri ... ln.. · much .. hc·n.i..dwup.ogethc.and ... tedw 'og
C H. ..T R..To .... US To L' .""r TH I T .... OP L, .... Guc;ou N"<:'''''<:lIs: Ch.", " brough,up.o,h. "cc . ndnailed ,on-yttb), . h.t.reoflif. h• •u .o,u ul. Ye • . hruv •• ucna,h i.fcrllcificdw;thhim;hewrap• • 1I
lOA riwr flowed OWl of Ede,,' le waler Ib~ garder..' ""d d,err it divid ed And bnAmt fowr rivers.' " Tht tlAmt ofthtfi,s,;s Pilhon; ' it il th t Oll t whi,hflOWJ arol
H"vilah,' wbt rt ,here;1 gold; 'lll nd tht gold of thllt [alld 11 good; [bdelli"", an d onyx 1I0 Ilt }" art ,here. " Tbt nllme of tht s",ond rivtr is Giho!!;" 11 ;1 th t Ont whirh flow l dro"r.d tht whole land of CUlh ." " And th e nAm t of rht third river il Tig,is. which flow s (,"stof1H Allyri ... Andthtfowrrhrivrril ,heEl
·U2r.- ·:.:a: ....... loiooooo>":..o: ... _
·......,_ux_':.n_·=_ -...u_ ...
0 """'·,8"" W'ntn .h. "vcr of Ed.n flo .... oll, of Ih. guden.1t d,~id .. InlO fou, flV tn. "'I,,,h
, • •• n.a,ionofthcrclourccful,comMnin,lnd hft1l,wing
2: 10· 14 A R i~,~ Flow.dfro ... Ed,n DUC .. ' ~TIO ..
OF TH HR IV.. o. Eoil ... E' HluorH IISY. ,u,:MoltS turn.dtow rtt. abou,chc.,vutha,flowcdou,fromp.r.dllt and,h,.onc.ouuidcof i"dwidtdin,ofou r di .. inct.ou".' .... ying.·Attvorflow.doulof Ed.n'o 'n'.rp;lr.di ••.· H.r •• ooM""ucall. ,hcdolightful"ndofparad"" Ed.n. If ,h, nvorhadindeedwa .."td p...di ••. i,would "0' h ••• divid.d in,o.h. fou', " •• r.o u"id. n.l would . ugg"" ,ha, " " .... p".h'p.du. ,0 conv.nuon,h ..,u .. "".d",o,,·.,cr;.,ncc.h. ' p",fual'T.uofpaTadi •• h.dnon".dof war"r.Bu, if..,m.on •• hould"'r th., b"cau •• ,h·r"·c1pi.;,uat.h.yd.inkfrom.h.bl",ud and.p .. iruol w... r. ,h .... 1 wouldno'qu . .... l ""...h".Th. four r,v .... ha,flow"d from ,h .. ttlvcrwcrcnor.i mi lar,nlu
S.cau.tpl",dilti, .tton a grea,hcigh •.• he ,.;veu.rc'..... UoWi:dup.ga.n,.nd,h.yg" doW'nto,h.uaui f ,hrougha,,,n ... atcrduc, . .nd lo.hcypa .. . hrough,h.careh.h •• i. under.h •• cainto,hi.land.Theca"h,h.n Ipiuou.cachon. of ,h.m:.h.Oanubc.which ,. ,hc P,. hon . in.hc,.,..." h"Gihon,n'f.( ,otl,h: and th. Euphra,... nd.h eTigri . in th. noe.n , Co....... uuo"G ..... ' s a.6 .'
Sy...OLlC/lohA .. ' .. COF TM tiFolI .. R.vti .... A .. IRon, · Th.riy.,:we.r" .old: i... p'· ra •• din,ofourbranch ..:Thcn.nteofon.i, Piohon, whieh .ne"d",allth," ndofH.vi ... ...hercth."ulold.And thcgoldo£lh .... nd " good: bdellium and onr~ .re ,here. Th. nlm , of.hc .. nc ,hi..,. I", him . ome '0 m. and d .. nk."' Wiodom i •• foun,.cco.ding ,o.h'proph.,,·Comc and u.m)'b ...adanddtltu.tl'ltw,ncwhidtlhlYc m'ngled for .......:' AI \Yiodom i •• h. MUntam oflif•. ,t "aUo,hefounla,n of.piriruolgn a . hi, . I.o tn.founta,nof o,h. , .·;,ruc. lha:
f I
guideu.""hecouneofe.. moJlife.Therefort, ,he.tream . horirriga"'paradi.eri.ufTomthe .oul when well.illed. nO. f.om the.oul tha, lies uncultivated.Th. r.sulnfromitarefruir"cu of diverse vir.u ••. Ther. a•• fou r principal "e•• •ha.con
.hrough Lydi. and not merclraround one n.tion. for Wisdom. whicn i. ofbcn.fit.o all m.n.i.productin.ndustful.Hcncc.if.p... sonwctc,olcovcparadis ••• hi. r ivcrofWi.· dom would be ,he firs. obj.ct he would meet Thu. he may no. become inert ,tndarid and hi . return ,op.radi.e m.ybcf.eili t.ted. Many mcnreJOn,o,hi • • i~Cf.whichi.con.idercd,o have mac"clous bcautyand fecundity. Accord· ingl)·lti. rcgardcda< a figu •• ofWi.dom • whichconferom.nifoldfTu".In.h.comingo( th. Lord ofulvation. It Aow •• o.he very end. of,he .. rtn.bceausebr Wi,domallh.v.bcen r.deemed. ThU$ it i. w,""en:" Th .ir sound ha< gon.fo .. hin.oall.h..... h.ndthClrworw unto the end of.h. wo.ld." Th •• ceondriv.ri.Gihon.brwhich. when .herwerc.ojourningin Egyp'. " ... laid down .h. l.wofth. Jsr.eli .... ha"her.hould depa" from Egyp • .' and having girded th.ir loino,h.)·.hould •••• ignof."mpcr.R«p ... .. kcof . l.mb.lt.i. fittingthatth. ch .... and ,h •• anctificd,ho"ldcel.",.te th , Paschof ,h. Lo.d. For rhat ....on •• h. ob •• rv.nce of .h.l.wwa$fi."carrlCdou.bc.idetha.rivct. • he nam.ofwhich signifieo an openingof.he .arth . Ther.forc.ju.... an op.ning.b ... rb • th • •• "h.ndwh. .. ~.tdefilcm.n ...nd.cfusc ,hcrcm·r brini:. inlikcm.nncrchutiq tend • •o coniume.n.h. p.s"ono of ,h. body Approp"atel)·. then. ,h.ob",,·.ncc of rh. e"abll.hedl.,.,fimrookplacc . here.bcc.u.. carnal.in " .b.orbcd b)" ,h. law. And ' 0 Gihon . which ... figurcofcnasti.)".i ... id.o .urroundthelandofEthiopi. inordtrto ,,·.. haw.)' ourlowi )· bodit
m Latln,," ;'o,)"and,·il.: \\rn,,:i . more io,,·I)".
.. ha, is mOr<: 1iI•• E.hiopia. man ou.bodiu. blacken.d. 100. by cht darkn .... of ~ in! Tht third ,iyer i. th. uS',a. which f10wa by .htASlyrianl.nd.To.hil.iv••• h. d"uiv". b.ul was dragged as. prison.,. Thi' """,il thclwin.-s,ofoll , i""".TheAasy,ianJ d..... Ubyi.,gua.d;ngiucourat-for,hilil ch. m.an,ng of ill nam •. H.nc. cho..... ho by .h."formud.hold,nch«kch"guilcfulvicu ofthcbody.nddi •• c•• hem..lv •• ,ohigher thing.arcthougl"tohav.... m•• hin~Incom · mon with ,h .. fi"" •. For that »m ••• uon for· "tud •• man .... frOnl,ha, JOU'CCin p,r.di, •. Fonirudc in t<. rapid COlI . . . toUCS lIide .vuy.hinlllu ndlng.nitJp.,h.ndlike.hi. .iv.ril no,hindu.dbyanymu... ialobnad •. Th. fOIl •• h """,i.th. Euphra.... which mcan.inLa.in"i«lIndityandabundanc.of fr"i":ltp.uen".'ymbolofj .... i«.thtnou'· ,ohm.. n. of""'Y ... II!. No .imK produc.. more.buncUntNnd'tJth.n."uiryo'junice. which i,morcconc.,n.d ... i.h o.h... than with .... If. n.glecting iu own ad".nuSU and p",f.,. nng,h.commongood.Manyd.ri"cEuphrat •• from ,h. G....,k.~ I.... '-rl>r.,~ •• d,.u ••h .. iI. from.·f.... ingofllladn...:bo:c.usc th. human nc •• ejo,cuinnothingmore.hani.doe.in j".nc•• nd."ut<)·,Th."u ..."",as,owhy. al.houghth.locanon,...,lfof'o,h«n"".. iI .. port .. d.w.n. ...... noducrip,ionofth.r.gioOi .hrougnwh,chth...,,«Euphra ••• flo .... cal .. io •• nan ...·".Tn...·." ... ofth .. riv.r.rccon · .id ...d,oh.v•• v;talqualirylh.. fo ... " grtt ... thand,ncreasc. 'Nhcr.forethcwIKm.n • monglh.H.br ..... andth.ASlynan.c.ll.d ,hu rlvcr Awr.n [·;ncrcu ..·j ,ncontrad,.. inc . •""',o.h....... rofooh ..,rt".rs.T... opp<>£>· I>on nu b'en well utlbl"".d ~.w ... n w",;om .nd mal"c. {or"tude.M'n....,'oil.ty... mper . • t>Ce. aMocn.'''"'u.j ... rlCC,onth.orn .. hand'"titemosr,mpo"an:u,:rcprc'. nt$r'' '
concordof'allth.oth.rv,r.u••. H.ncei,i. not known {rttm the pl.ce. frttm which i. f1owl. th",il lolay.;,i.nOlknown;npan.j...,icc .. nOldiv;.ible ;nlOp ..... hi •• uh ..., •• th. mOlh.. ofall~irtu.a. l nm ... follrr""'n ... .ymbolizcdthcrcfo.. th. rourprincipal "i.· tu .... P...... o' u J.,.·,8.·
R.... LR," ..... CHtt.Y50STo.. 'p.,rh.p •. ho .... ev .... ,ho.. peopl.wholik•• <>t.lkfrttm.h.ir oWn w;.aom cIo no,conccdeaga;n.har ,hen "v.... rcriv... orthu......... "'.lll'w..... bu.propound ,Om. diff.re nr;nt.rprcu,ionto peopk ...dytol.ndth.mlh.,.ca ... l.e ..... howcv... INgyou.not~convinccdbyth.m bur ble>ck Our ura ag.inlt them ; In ... inn.ad place ollrcrcoi.nct;n»crcd Scriptllr•• nd h ..d ... hari •• oldusthe ••. H<>M'Lu$O~·
G.,..SlS,;.1",6! T H. R,,,,,, OP EO. N b
THE
Ocu" T ' U
T
ENC I.CUS T H II E....TH. JO H>I o~ D"H .. s, cus:Thenthc.. ilrhee>c •• ndt arenci.dClrh. . nti"'urdtlik.....rtofrivcr.ndtowhichi r ...m.,omedtatScrip.urcrc~rrcd ... hen" ui-dthar·.ri ... rflowcdoutofpa ..d...:hh.. ....etpot.ble ..·.... and.llppli ••• h........ but bccauscthc ..·a'er"'mainutlgnan.inth....as for a long Ome It ~'omCl bracki.h. Th •• lln and ,h. ,,·at.tIpoull ar. con ..antly d..... ingup th.l ... d • ...., ... a.. r•• ndfromth .. ,hcdoll.u arc fo,med and ,h. ralO come •• ,h. w.ter b.. • comini:.wect by fil ..a<;"n. Thil ocean isdi. vided,n'ofourhca.ds.offournv.... Th.nam. o(th.6.., is PlJhon;,h,. i.th.Gansuoflndi •. Th. name of the KCOnd IS G.hon; ,hu i•• h• Nil •• wh,ch (omeo down frttm E.h'opia 10'0 Egypt.Tncnamcoftitc.hirdtlT,gri•.• ndof'
'FCf:!'2'».I)OJ.'l'GU:UO;FC1.,177.7l.
IlKfourth,EllphraIU,OkTHODOXF"'TH~.~. "
TK. Rn' •• OF ED."
SYMaO~";"~LT
P ....
p,oUaIl TH I!C HaI IT ,u,C Huac;u.Cyp· ~ IAN ' The ,hu r,h ~ndo'el f.ui,flll
r'
THIIC"OLlNG ST ... AMS 0' V...... D'U. CHUSO$TOM: AW";n'pi,ing, in trulh,are the my""'" o( ,he church. Awuom. tru,h i. '" "ha"Afounlainsprangupoutofpa ..d,se,
..ndingforthnotonlyv,.ibleu rumlbulal ... 'p,ri lual.trum.ari.ingu a foun,.in from ,h"high,ablrland.Along.ide .hi.folln..in th ..chavcgrown, no, willowlwi,hou,f.ui, bu,abundan,rru. r.ach ing.ohu ycniu.lf, wi,hf,ui.cvor inICuonand.emliningltill incorrup •. lfl
and from Ih.", il .. fcd. Many arc th. "rclm$ o(thllfoun,.. n,."eamsthlllheParad... ICnd.forlh:andlhcSonbccomultICUJlO· d,an, not heping".chann,l opcn w"ha m.. · lockb ..,b)'mak,ngourhea'"rfCCP"VC, HOM'~IISO"'JO"~' 46.4."
2:1; l i GOD COMMANDS THE MAN NOT TO EAT
OF THE TREE OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOOD AND EVIL
Il Tht LoaD God look Iht ma"' ~"d pili bim ," Iht gardtn ~fE.lt" · ID till "
QYla" l Bw:To lilla"d kocr ,h , glrd.n mean, ,obelocv. ,"Godandlokccrln. comma"';.
m,"" (C H~V50STOM) .Th. firn man " "$ eT<' a .. d pc.foc: In,! io·tnll rcaSon "'upjacc
Ed.n,ogua,di, (OR,GEN j. Heworkedand guordedthegard.nofEd.n.buth i,workwa. not toil.ome (AUGUSTINS). Tho work of the ma" demons".... that there i.a natural b.nt fo, work in man (Sn. eoN THB NBW T"."LOGIANj. Th.,... ofknowlodgeisa bound. ry toth o inner<egionofpaTOdis« EpHRBN).Theneeof the knowledgeofgoodand.vil gOt its namo bdore man brokt God', command m.n, by touch1ng it (AUGUSTINBj . God', d.cr ••. which "a,.. tha'manmustnot",ofth~'T<e . is. sign of his grace (ATH"""slus). The d<.,h Impotod b)' God on ,ho.. whowiU "ansgr... hi. decree i•• complet. du,h (AUGUST'NB). Th. " .. brought moruliTJ' to mm. but in th. rormof.h
fi,,,
2,15
n,. M~ .. Put in th. Gilrd,n 10 Till Jt
T H. F'RST Mu, PU.CBO IN E OBN a UCAun OF H, s P."'IICT ION. O "".:aN: How would Godh.Yepl.cedwh.t", •• altog~th .. imper. fec,.nparadi .. " , workandguardi t fFo.b< wbo " capabieof .. ndi n g -tn.tre.oflif."an~ .ve,.'n l" gtha ,Godpi.n,~d .nduu •• d to spri n£ upaf.. rw.rd.wouldnot •• u onahl r h. :aUedimp
WH p~rf~«. h. bocamo impufocr in som. w'), b"'\lStofh;srr.n'grusionandwa.inn..d of one to perfect him from hi. imperfection AndrheSav io,was.~n' for.h~.e reason •.
COMMU"TARYO"J"HN'J.~40-41"
MAN's WOR>, IN EDEN WAS NOT TOll ' SOME. AUGUSTH
G .... 01JN. SnvuuNoF C .. uL .. :Tillingth•••• th. ko.ping th< commandmena of God and fide!· ity totho5uld di •. butifh~didn<>t.h.wouldli ••. "Work" wa. kceping,h. spiritual word •.. Tho tut uy. "wo.l:· and · protect it." From what, There were no thieve •. ,ravel..o or peo · plc with bad in.. n,ion,,'Pro«cr i,· from whu , From him ..lf. Do nO, lo.~ i, b)' «an" gre..ing,he command.ln....d.h.wouldprt· .. rverhecommandm.ntandin ,od<>ing pres.rvenim. elfinpa,adi ••. ONTHfCU' ATIONOFT HHWOUO S-s. '
T, LLl NG .. NO K n "'N G T .. .
T HIS WOR>' OENONST"A.TU M .. N'. " ..T.... "'ALB.NTPO,, ' VO R>,. $V MBONT HENE"
THBOLOG,,,r<:]n the bcg;nn;ng man "'ascrta,.dw;thanlture;nc!ined
WH ~" D IO THE TlllIlI Of THII KNOWL HOG H Of Gooo ANO Ev il. G ilT ITs N u u! AVGVSTI" H:WithoutgO<>drca.onccrtainwritcn ..e dccplypunlcdwhcnthcy . .. k.odi.covet hQW the t ..e ofthc knowledge ofgO<>d and ev;lcouldhavchccn,Q,all.db.fore man b.ok.God ·.commandmcntby.ouching;, and from expcrienccdi.ccrning the diff..enc" betwecn thc good that h e lost and the evil ,ha, h e cQmmitted.NQw,lhi."ccwugiven.his
2, 16 -17 ltfAn Forbidd.n roE ..lof lht Tret of Ih. Know!edgt of Good An d Evil
Iheprohibi'ionandn<>'toucbit,taking carc 10 avoid suffcringthc con.eque"ce. of,ouch ;ng;' aga,n" ,h e prohibit;on. Ir was no, becau.. thcysubsequentl),wenraga,n .. ,h e co.nmandmen,anda.. th efru;"ha"bctru became the "ee of the knowledgeofg<><>d a nd eviL Even if the), had remained obcdicn' and h.d,.ken nothing.gai n" ,hat command· ment.i,w<>uldbec<>rrcct!ycalledbrwh., w<>uldhappcn 1<> them th ..c ifthcr had taken .h. fruit. ON T.U L'TU,A L I"T>lU,," UT"'~' oFGaNUIs&.I$.j)."
name,<>.hatourfir"parc""m;~h,observc
T HE T .. HE OF KNOWLe D GE
A
S OUN """'t
M A ", ,,_E~ H RBMTHBSYR"," :
In.hcvuy mids,hcpl.nted Ihe Tree of Knowledge. cndQwing 11 with wonder. hedging i,in with dread oOlhati,mightstraighrw.yse.V<' boundary to.he inner rtg,onof parad,.c_ Two rhing. did Adorn hut in.hatsingltdu..., tha •• hey.hould not ea'Qfi, and.hat.bY l hrinkingfmmi" they shQuld perccive.h.. it wu no, lawful IOpenetraICfurthtt.beyondth.t,,« HYMNso"P"""",sa,.,.'
u.
T .n V"LUE OF EVIlItY T llu.JOH" OF DA' MAScu s:ForGod"rl."Ofevery rreeofpara d .. eYQu.hancu,"rncaning.lthink,bymeans of all creatcd things you wili be drawn up.o me .• heirCrea am .hclrue life. Let .11 ,hings bt f,uitfuliif.t<>you,anci m.kep .,· ,ic,pati<>ninmt.obttht.ubstanccofy<>u" ownexistence.f<>r,nu' y<>u,hallb.,mmof · .. 1.0RT HoooxhITH~ ." .'
T HE Two TIl>lIl •. SaV>lIl'"'' OF GAUL,<: Th. TreeofLif" .. ood in the midd le of paradi •• like ...ophJ'.ThtTrC<' ofKn<>wlcdgc.,ood a. a con,ut. If you keep.hc commandmcn, of thi,trcc.youwiJlrccc;vea prize_Socon.id .. this marvelous dlOught: Evttv rrccin parad,.e ,,'as in blo<>m.and fruit wa. 10 abundanmpe",,<>n and .. ruggl., O~ THB CU4T'O" OFTH~WORLD6.J.·
Goo's P IlOHIBI T]O"" S ,,,,, OF H ,. G ..... C E. ATH"""S,,)s:K nowingon cc morcho"' ,he
willofmlncouldlwly.oti.hulidc. inlll.ic· 'pacioIlGoducurcd.hc,racc,i<'1'lIlhemby' commlndandbytheplaccwherchcplll.hem. Forh.b.ough •• hcminlohi.own,udcnand g.vcthemlllw.orha,.iflberkeplthegrace and rcm.incd good. lhey mighl "ill kccpthe life.npar.diuwi,holl.oorn)wo'p.ino,eare. "".,dcl having thc prom.lCofil\Corn.tpuon in hu ... n. Bill if,hcytranlg,eucdand,",ncd back.nd""elm.e"i1. the r m,gh,kn ..... ,hat th.y .... crc'ncllrrlng,hllcorrllpllonindea.h .hatwUlhclf.byna.u.e.noLongertoilvein plf.diubu,ClJlou,ofilf.om,hatumcforth ,od,c.nd abicie in cicath and corrup.ion. 0"
hehadullblilhedillpaculiu::·ln,he .... Y .halyolllh.llu.ofit.yolllhalldietht deuh ." H; . Ihceal illcluded 110. ollly.hefirll partof.hefj",deuh •• hui •• •helolll'lde. privatioll of God; no. only . he Iccond pari of thefjratdeath. thotil.thcbody·ldeprivation of.helolll:llo,onlythewholcofthefjn. dcuhill",hich,hclolIl.lcpauI.df,ombo.h God alldthe body. i.punUh.d;bu .... hllucr ofdcathllllp.olndindlld,ngtlta••I..o. IIl.clyfjll.l.nd.o.caHedluonddcuh . .. ln which.hclolIl.dcp.ivedofGodbllluniled rothebod)·,llffcrl elCrnalp"n ilhmcnt. C.TYOFGooI1·t1·"
TH I I .. C .........T'O ... 1.•. '
TH I Low G,V.", ToAo.... ,''' P....... o.u. GUGO",Y OF N .. z ...",zus: [God gavc A.um] I 1...• .. ,mar.".lfo.hl$fr.....ill .oac.on. 10... WII a commandmen ....o whit pl.onuhe m'ghl pl,,"k.o(.~d ... hich One h. migh,nol,ollch.Thi,la.,er ... uthctfeeo( knowkdgc:no •. ho ..."v ••. ""call•• i, ...·uevil from the ""''''ntngwhenplan.ed.nor wu11
nu.
forb,dtlen""ClII",Godgrudgcdnloll,-I~t
nOllh •• nem'CJofGod ...·a~thcirlon"'Clin .haldlf.."onor,mltll•• h."'rpcn:.BII.il wouldhave""~ngood ifparlahnofal .he proper "me. Th. Irf:~ ....... ac
TH. T".I .... THI Fo".. OF THI C .. OU 6"'''GI S.. LUT IO" TO H u ....... TT. C""' LO~ JUIIUU .. : Al,hougb ,0 A.um I,"'U wd "Fo,thedaryolI ... ofi •. youmulld,e: .oday"rouh .vebcenfa;.hfuI.Todarwill b.ingyollul""ion.The tree brollghlrll,n'o Adam;.hct.tt [of life I lhaHbringyo .. ,n.o p.radlle. Fur nO. ,be le'p.nt: h. , hallno: e",I YO" Ollt. for he hu f,Hen from huv~n.l urno. to YOII.·Thi.d.aYYOu5halldep''': bUI"Th" day y..... hall "" with me.""C..n. CHIT.CAlLICTII"U',·ll."
Of "' .. owLa " Ga Rlln,IU "'T I T H . Pow." 0 . D , sc. " "' .. . ,,T.JoH I
'NPNFH'I;."-'"NPNF21"~."I'CI"'.l15.l6", u .... ""
_ " ........... ~""bo.fo-."UlJ,.1 "FCM;J4.2S
walk~d in the contemplation of God-for them that hav.nof.arofchanging,becau,.in thccouneof.ime.heyhaveacquir.dacenain habirof.uchconte mplorion.lti,notgood, however,for.uch as arenill young and arc moreg.cedyin theitappetit ••. who,buau.c of,h.uncenaintyofth.irp.... veranc. inth. trut good and l>
T MBTI""o.L, n .Jo""orD"",,,scus· Some hav. imagined paradise.o have bcen m.te,ial.whileother,haveimaginedi"o havcbc.nspiri.ual.How.ver.i'$Ocm"ome ,hatjuSta.<m.nw.,cre...dbo,h •• nsi.ivc .ndintell.ctual"odidthi'mo.. ucr~d domainofhish.vethetwofolda.pectofbcing
p..ceptibl.bo.h to the •• n .. , and to th. mind. For while in hi,bodj' he dweh in ,hi. mo .. ucredandluperblybeaulifulpl.«.a. we hove.elatcd.spiritually he resid.d in . loftier.ndfar more beautiful place. n ..e ht hod the indwelling God as a dwelling place and wore him as a glo.ious g•• rnent, H. was wrapped abo u. wi.h hi. g,aa. and like SOme One of th e ang<:1s he.ejoiced in the.njoymen. of,ha,ontmo".we.. f.ui,whichis.h.con · ternplaO" F"IT" ~.". "
18·20 A HELPER FIT FOR THE M AN IS NOT YET FOUND
"Then th. LOIlD God said. "It IJ nOt good tha : th t man should bt alone; I",;li m4kl him a he!pH fir for hi",: "So ow l of Ih. gro w" d th . LOIlD God fo rm ed tVI,y btut of Ih . fir1d an d tvery bird of the air, and brought th rm to th. man" to st. whM h. would <41l th .... , a"d whalt"er Ihe man" ,aUrd tvtry livi ng ,,,atll'e, tha t wc. its name. ~Th t m4n" gave nam" to all utile, and 10 Ih e birds oflhe air, and to tVtTY beaJl ofth. field: bllt for th t mar. " Ihtrt was lIotfounda htlptrfi:for him.
O VIIRVt"W, Man n..cied a nel!,~r Decau.. he "ill had to bt .. ~.nera .. d In Ch,.;" (CH"'"
&O$TO", ). God Dmugh: tne >nlmal . 10 Adorn b,' t" . minist ry of angel , (AlJ(:unl"Ej ;r.
ord.rtodemonltrat(th~ta(ompl ••• haT' mon y be.ween man and .h. anim.l. uill.d befor.,he . ,n(EPH ..... ) and.ha'th.m~nw&l l uperior.oth.m.ll ( .... llGu5TIN.). lnourag. , .h.nla.oChri•• , lh.humbl.peopl. ~..., l .. at.dbr"nim~lllik •• h.Il,,'man,nEd.n ( lsucofN""svsHj. Inlhenamingof.nimal.,humani·ri,hon . or.d(CHIlYSOSTO .. )..... d.muhibi ... wi •• 10... for .h•• nim.l. (bHu,,). which .r. brough •• ohimby lh.Lord(CHIlTSOSTONj. H .." ,h.domln,on of •• uono ... rn .. h" m.'n •• 'n.d ( ...... BIlOS.j.
2: 18 Ml r l . NPf Gp~d Th ... the Man S"o ~ld 8 e Alonc" M .. ", NIIOBD .. Hu... 8 .,0 ... H u R.."."' ......TIO'" ' '''C H....T.CH ..noSTo .. ' ..... th a. um. ' God .. id,·(..e,u.m .. kefor him . he1p.r:bu, in Ih • •• um u '. God uy. nO ouch ,h,n~. Willh.whoh ur.c.iv.dth.gr.c.of
,h. Spm, need.ny o.h.r h.lp' Ho,,' much nc.dof ..".unco,nlh.fu,ureh • • h.who IlIl.ou •• h.bod}, ofChrUl I ....,.h.,"m.h. m.. d. man to ,h. ,m'ge of God. bu, now h. huuni •• dhim.oGodh,m •• lf....."ha•• im. h.com n.. nd.d,h. m.n.orul".wu.h.fl , he. . nd.h.be..n •. No,,·h.hu •• ~.iv.d("LrIl .., . ltnr'nhe.~.n.No"· h.h •• g,v.nwth,p"TI ' d".,o ,nh.bi,i,. No ...' h.h .. opcn.d ,h. g••• ofh..... n .OIU ..... ' Ih., urn. m.n wu formed on ,h. "nh dar.bec.uu ,h . ..on h.d 10 be ,0mplc«d.Nowhei , form.don,h.flrJld.y • ndfrom.h.beginninglnd,n,h.ligh •. Ho",u~,oNJoH"'. S .•.' Wo ........ .. Run, ..". TuTulu ..... : jln good . nU, God) pN>V,d.d .. loolh. lp m• .,fo, I.h. man l th.t tnere might no.b•• ny,hinginhi l 10; tha: " .•• no' ilo"'!. Fo, God uid that ,ti,
notgood for.hem.n .obellon•. Hekn.,,· full w.ll what . blc" ing .h. gender of Ma." would be to him and.lso 10 th. ch ureh A" .. ,NST M....c 'o" , ... .'
.... n.... ·' H o .. . W.u P..... o . ... S.Vu.,.. " Of G ...... L .. : Whil e Adam had b.rn gi •• n .h. whol.,.arth ,he hadb •• ngiv.np .... dll.for hi. hom • . H. couldluvc .. ndgooulofp ..... di..,bul.ht: .. wuno •• habitabl'plac.for hum.n. wyond iu bo,d.n-only for ••".., I"" In,m.b , four .footed .n,mali. wild mOn o ... ".nd , .. w!ingb ug •. Hi . ·b. .. mea·and · palacc· wuloc.«dinparadi.. . s.u"""of.hi •. GodbtolLgh , ,h.llVing (:Tutu,uto .... d..n; .h·rh.dbe.nupltr...d f"rnmh,m . For.l.v • • do no,.I .... y...andin Ih.i. m....", pr •• cncc;.h.,. ... pru.n, onl)· wh.n n.ed.d. The living (f.ature! w ... nam.dlndimm.di..ely •• n'a"·.'·..... dam. how....., .. main.din p...d, ... O!
........ ldundetsundanclob<:)'.Ik .... uandbirc!1 baveno••ueivec!.ucbp
A C., .. PUTI H A.... " .. Y B.TWU N M.. ~· .... DTH IA .. " ... u.E.HU .. THBSUJ .... :
M",cl laic!."God brougb, ,bem '" Adam: Thll bap"",ned In o.d .. ,hI< God mlgb, make known ,he wlwom of Acbm and .he ha.mon)· ,hI! e~;oted betw •• n ,he animalo and Adam beforeh.'''''"g.elled,hec"mmandmen'. Th. anImal. c. me 10 Adam u '" ,lOVIng lh.ph.rc.Wi'h"ulfearlheypauedbcfor. himlnorderlyfuhl"n.bylunc!sandbyl~ ·
. ,n. Thcy WCf. nCld••• af.aid nfhim no, w... ,h.yaf.aidof.acholher.A'p<:ciuofprec!o . '''ry .",m.l, w"uld pUI by wi . h a Ipeciu nr animo.lthll .. p,.y.dup"nfollnwingoafely flgh,behinc.CO ..... NT .. noNG ..... , $
•.t·): M .... II SU .... IO .. ToA .. y A .. ' ....... AUGUI· TlNm, Gnd fiut Ihnwed man hn .... mu ch bCI ' le. h. wu.han callI. and aU irrational ani· mab . Thil is .. gnin.d by .h. IIU.m.n' Ih .. al l Iheanimals "",rebrn.. gh"" h,rn.th"h . mlllh,.cc,,·h.,newn .. ldcall tne ..... ndgw. ,h.m name • . Th" Ihn ..·• '"at man " be".: .~ .. 'ppeci than ,h • • nlmalo in ,.;" ... " f •• ,· .nn ... nee nnh· re .."n ,h .. judg • • concern; n ~
themio ableloc! ..,inguilhanc!knnwthcm by name. The on. ic!u is an no r onc In Ilrup.forman~uickly " nderltand . ,hlth .;.
l>.ttuequipped,hancutle.Theo.h •• idcai. a difficuh one '0 grasp. namel)·.• h.. br whichheunc!u.. and<,h",h~ .. "nno.lpart in him ,h ..... Iel 11 di .. in" f• ,he ammal parI . whI ch il rultd. Two BooII ' ON G~"l' SlsA"" ' ''STTHl M.. "'C ....... "' 5~ .".,(\. '
.,m
TH B H U... L. M ....; Is L , ••
A D .... I .. En.",. Is....c O. N, ... VBH, Ht who .peau contemp' tuously ago"UI .he humble man and does n,,: c"nliderh,mananimate,realUr.ll1ih"ne wh" h .. opened hi,m"Ulh'g.inll Go-ci. And ,bn .. gh,hehumbltmani.cnntemp,ibl.inhil eye •• hllhnnn.llu.eem.dbr · llcr.. "nn Th. humble m.n app .....,he•• aven"us beu... and ... hen,helfguetclt. up
wildnU$ I1 .. mec!. Tbty come .. p In him ... '" thtirM"IO,.wall·hei. h.. d.anduil • • nd lick hi. hand. and f.c,. f". Ih.y I m.Ucom,ng fmm hIm ,h ....m. letn' .h., uhaltd &om Ad.mbefo.e lh.fo.ll . whenlh.y .... r.gath · ered,osetherbef.,..him.ndhegave,h.m n.mes in paradIse. Th ....... taken a..·.y f.nm w.b",Jesus h.. re new.d i,ancl g,ven il back .0u, .h.nullhh iscnmmg.Th ,.il ... hath ... IweClened.hefug.anc. "f.h.rac. ofmen. Ascn ,c.u HO"'LIES 17.'
A'''''''L'.
( "~O.T ...,c.o.N"" ' ''CT... C .. usoSYo .. , Th"se nam ... ha. (Adam ] impo$cdnn,hemr.m.inup,o.h'p,escn, .ime. In ,hi . ... ay Gnd determined ,h., ... e mig], tr ...,nacnn... n'TCmind",nf ,he ..'.e.... wh,ch.hthumanb.,n,from.h.n ..i · .e,recclv.dfrom';'cLordof ,nan nm lgh ,
attribu,erupon,ibilityforittremovalloa perlOn who by lin PUI an abrllp' end 10 hi' au,hority.Ho .. ,L' B50NGINu ' 5'.:10." A .. , .... Li R ••• BIBNT H " .... NP.... ' ON ••
A ....on: The tKuu of Ihe field and .he birdJof,hea" ... hich...,RbroughtloAdom Ire ouri.ndonal lenses. bocallle bult la nd animals r'preoen, ,he diverse pauions o{lhe
.0 you.hepower oftKingable.o dilcern by thc.pplic... ionofoobcrl<>gJC .Mlpeciao{ cKhand.v.ryobj.ninord"rthuyollmaybo indllced to form 1jlldgmen,onaU oflhem. God uJlcd them all ,oyour ...ention lO.ha. you might reahzcthat your mh.diS l upe.ior 10 all of them. P..... o'u '''S' ·S1.''
bodr·whc.he.of.h~mo'''vlolen.kindor
ev.O of the mOR.empe...e .... Godg.. n.ed
2:21·2; GOD CREATES WOMAN
I' SD
Ih~ LO~I>
God cllumi ° dup 'leep" 10 fll!1 upon Ihe mlln ,! IIl1d whil. h, $Jepr rook on, I>f "p it! pillet w;lh finh; " lInd rbe rib which tb. Low God hlld IlIken from ;1110 11 wOmOn IInd bro"ghl hr' 11> 110. mllO . u Th.n Iht man ' 'lIid,
on,jlt,h. " "nd Ih, mllnllndhi' '''if' w•• e bOlhnalted,lInd",,,. norll,hllmcd
Q v."v ,. w: 11 "out of. bare bone thu God ,n"and), crealCllhe full boaul)' of Wom1n (EI'HIlDt.CNuSOSTWI ). AI Eve ...... born wllnou, a mOlher.1O ..·... Jesus born wllholl'. iath.r (Cu, c o. JE1I.USALE.. ). God willed Ina, Ih" ,wn. mal e and female. be es.abli.ned.. one (AMnon ). Eye', creatIon ,,'U p.inl .... '0 ,h. unf.lien Ad.m. ln cantru, witn Ine p''''
of.hc fallen Eve', birth_giving (CHUSOSro.. ). The wOman w... mad~ in order 10 help man ,n good worlu (AIIGUST,S.) bUI .boye all for Ihe like of boating . hHdren (A.. ftIlOSE .... UGUS· TrNI). She "·.. Iuper;or 10 an)' an,mal In he, abH,,}" to help ( E,I
him (En<). The fin. man poo. n ... ed.hcpowe.ofproph.cy(CLI .. I>
.u ..
O. J~"uJ AL.": Of wham In Ine 1H:~'nn'nj: "'as Ev. be1o"en; Wnl< mo';•• , ca ncc,ved ne,.
do.ma.h.rI.u?Bu,lheSCrip'" ...... Y'.h .. ' ,h~ .... lborno .. ,ofAd.am·I'id •. lIEv.lh.n bo.noulofman·•• idcwilhaul.moth •••• nd il a child nOI 10 be!>orn wilhoul o fathcr. ofo vi.gi,,·, womb!Thi.dcbtofgratil .. de,,· .. dlle 10 m.n f.om womankind: for Eve ..•.. bega'· I.n of Ad am and no' cancciv.d ofo mo.hct. bllluitwc,..,broughtfanhofmonalone. C.oT.CH.T,CU LIiCT .... U 1•.•9. ' A D ... Su • •. CH~YSOSTO'" "God cau.ed drow.,nUI.o (amo upon Adom; ,he teX, oar', "andhe.lepl:l, ,,·.. n·toimpl,drawJl nu.,n .. t came .. panhimnarnormal.l~.p:inllead.ne wiscandlkillfulcrea,o-rofou, n .. ture,u • obo .."a •• moveaneofAdam·l ribJ,.lul.h. up"".ncc callH Adorn .. fru,,·ud 10 be b.adl)' di'poud.o ... ard do. cruture formed from h.. rib and throullh m.mOl'}·ofthe pa.nbeara grudg.oga,n., Ihi.being .. " . forma"on. God induc
F"o"" AO.oN·' R, •. 55""".0'; orG ..... L.o Did Adam nal suffer pain! D.d h. no: up"'" .n.. ogonyfAlingl.hai ri 'pluck.dfrom,he bod)' and wC fed pain. Enn ifone "dccplr aol.. p, he wiJ].,...k. from thep.,n, He ••. haw.~ ••• manrhai .. arepl .. ckedou •. e":n a dblarnau"and,heolccp.. do.. no,awoke! Goddidnol..,movothe.ihvlOlend)·.wh"h would ..... kenAd.m. H.d,d no. ",.encb il all'. In.. cad SC.ip...... d•• lflng.a , ......1.". '1 .. ickne ... ofGod " tcchnique.up"h.took ~ .iboutofh,mlndhed,dno:."·.kt:O,,THfi CnnlO.. ofTHEWOILDS·S '
'NP"-'J' :"40.
'PGS"'»'FC7~,'"
'I"G_I.c.
.ionof th~hum .. nltockh .. elim,nued,h. pouibil,ry
T H. S b Now BONBO. M, BONB. EPHlI .. THBS'.. ' .. N:"Thil now"-l h... il.lheon. wha h... com. 10 me .. f,e. ,h~ an'maJ. _is na, l uchuthcy;thcycamefromth.carth,but I h.i. "bon.of mybon.and Au hof myAuh: Adam ... idthi •• itherinapropheticway or,u nOledabow. ,according,oh ...isianln.l... p. Andj u,,",on thi. daj" .. n .he .. nimllo r.c.h,.d from Adam.htir nam ..... ccordinglo Ihcirk,nd ........ l.... th.bon ... m.. d .. 'n.o .. wnm"n. he ulLd n", by h.. , proper name. Ewc.butb)· lhcnam.of wom .. n .• h.n .. m. bcl onging.o .h. whol.kind.Co.... fiNT.... IES ONG ~ NfiS'S ~"l.~.·
.:tp<'''.n~e.W'''t howpcoplelnh'lhand TH ~
Wo ....... b M .. N·' HUPfi ... AUGU i' • ha,.h ....aman"· ... m.d .... man·lhclptr .a d.. ,by.piri' ... al un,anlh.mlgh,brtngforrhlp,ritualoff· 'pro nl!, .ha.IO" h'goodworuofd,,"ln. pr.i.."whil. he rule. and , he obey •. He 11 ruled b,. wi.dom: sh ... b)' .h~ man. For Chri.. lI .h.. h..dof.he m.n, .. ndth.m .. n, • •ht
,mpon.n,officu often .. nlt".h. hdpofpeo. pi, who arc bdow .h.m in r. n ~ and ,, 'eem.
TI .. B:Scr>p'ur..... y•
P...... OISlI 0.4 8 .'
A H . LPB .. po .. S .......,GC.. ,U' ... "'. AUGu. TJN.:Now,uppo •• th. ",omanwu no,mad.farthcman'ob . hi ,h dpc,m btg.",ngchildr.n.tittnho.. wouldsnc be Ihl. ,ohdph ,ml lt ..ouldh .. rdI)· bt.b,u... lhat , h, "'aul dbc m.. d. '0 ,iU ,h . .. " hw"h him , for.h.r .. "'.. , no, yet u), !..oor r.'1ui r.d '0 m .. ke h•• h.lp n.ccllarr. In Inr c. ... if .here_.t.ny ... ch n•• d.1 m.. l. he!ptr would be be"... and th .... m.co.. l.d b•• a,dof.h. comfo.tofano.her' pruenceifA d.mw .... pe.hapl wcaryoflOli •.,d• . Hawmucnmort agrecablyco .. ldrwomalef... nd.s. rarh.,.,nan I m.nand awam.. n. enJo)'co mJ"'n,,,n.h,p and conve .... ';on in. lift , har.d .og~.h.r. And if.he)" had '0 m.k .... n ..... ng.m.nl in ,helt commonlif.. foron.to (ommand.ndth. otb ••• oaber ino. d.,.omlke . urelh., oppo. inr will. woul
hud " f th ....."m.. n. ' Two 8001<5 0'" G!J<ES,sAa,,'NSTT HBM"J< lcH .. aANs
THB \1.'0 ....... b C ..... T.D PO .. 8 ..... , .. G C H'LD ....... A ..... on: No, ",i,hou , "snifi. ,"nc~. ''''', i• •h~ f.ct .ha, ",,,man " ·U m.. d.. ootofth.rib"fAdam.Sh....aono.mad.of .he nm. urth wi.h which h. wu formed, in order.na,_migh,ruliu.ha,.h.phy.i.al na,ur. ofbo.h man an d woman i.id.nti •• J and.ha •• hue,,·.. onelo... «for,h'propaga· tlonofth.hum .. nn
~'H(!s'
6'
',Got,u..
~M,II I.
' F: 4lol:-
,hehouJehold"h.rew"uldhavebcenprop.r .. nk ,,,auuuthi••• inccone wo uldb.crutcd f!nt and ,h. othcr.ccond,and thi$ would be further rdnforad if ,he «cond were made from ,he fint.aJ wa. ,h. ca.e with ,h. w"m.n.Surelr noon.will.ayth.,God ,.... • bl •• o m.ktf.om ,he.ib of,he man only 0 woman and no, al.oam.n ifhehad wi.hed to do so. C"nsequ.nrl)·. 1 do not.ee in wh .. .enn th< woman wao made a•• helper for th. man ifno,fot ,he,akeofbcuing children O ... TMEL'TO .... "I ... TB"p"BT ... T'o~·opGs"E· SIS 9.S.~. · TH ~
A"".... L~ NOT ABU TO HELP MA" U THH WOM ...... EpHllllMTH~SYIl'A": l n.id. the p.radi ••• the wOman was verr diHgenr:.h. ,,·.. also a".nt;ve to Ih • • h•• p and attl., the h.,d,.nddrov.sth .. w.reinth.field •. Sh" would.l,ohdp,hem.n wi,h the buildings . pens .• ndw;,h.nyo,htr,ask,h ...hewa, "ap.hlc ofdoin£.Th•• nimal •. even ,hough ,h.)" wcr •• ub •• tl·ient. w• ..., nor abl. 10 h.lp h,mwithth ••• thing •. For,hi .....onGod m.d. for the man I helper who would b. ,On· amed for every.hing for which G"d hims.lf ",,,uldb.conarned.She w,,uldind •• dhelp h,m in man)" ,hings. COMMB"T ... IlY ON GBN.·
5'5'.".' A ,,..M DRUM S" W HEN WOM ... N W ... S CR. ' ..THO .EpHIlEM THE Sn, ... ,,:Tha,m.n, • ,,·ake,.noinredwi,h'plendor.andwhodid n"'yerkno", . l'.p.fellonlh ••••,hnak.d and,l.p,.hi,likelj·,h.. Adam",,·inhi. d ... mwh.t\\,•• don."'hima'ifh.w • ..., ."·.ke.Af,,,, Adam'. rib h.d been raken"u, ,n tn e ,wlnkilOg": an eye,G"dd" ..dup,he f,e.hrn" ' plac
all tn ' ''e.utr ", . ",Om'n. God then brought
h.r '" Adam, wh" w.s b"th "ne .nd 'wo. H • ",a, on" in ,h.. he ",a, Adam •• n d he "'•• ' wo Mc.u.. h.h"dbunn ....d m.l •• nd f.m.le.'· CO .. Il. o~· GaNuls ~.,~. "
M." . . .
GO"PRonU CHSI ... THB F'Rn M .. NT H• EC5T .. U o~ OR II ..M. TU TUlU .. ,,: W. h"ld the."ul,,,b.p..enniallyactivebecau •• o(i,, con,inualmovement.whichi ••• ignb"th,,( itodivinitya"di";mm",,alilj"So. then, wh.n .e$l cornu-re... ,h .. 'peci.] c"mfo« oflx>di .. _,he.oul di.darn ••" idl.n .... h., is alien ,,,i,,natur.and,d.prrvedof,h.fac· ul'ieo of ,he b"d)·. makes u.e of iu own. Thi. pow.r w. call ...... y. Thi. occurs ""he" w. a•• d.pr;v.d "f,h.... iv;')· "f,h...n ••• L.cking.en."rr inpu"he."ulref1ec.. condi,ion,,,kinroddirium." Thus,in,h. b.ginning •• l .. p .... a.pr ...d.dbyec,,·'r· a• w. rud:"God .. or an ec"",y upon Adarn , • nd h•• lep,:Sleepb.ough,res, '0 ,h.b"dr bu,ecsr"yc.mooo" the."ul andprev." .. d it from resring .• nd from tha"ime.hi . cornbin.,ionconsrifu... ,h.n.rurai.nd ""tm.l form "r,h. d ..arn. 0" THE SOU" 45. 1.;. "
TR I F'R n M A,,' P"snsnD THII POW U. OF P IlOPHHCT .. CUMB ... TOf ALIXA"OIlI ... Am" ngrheH.bre,...rh.propheU'p"kebr ,h.p"w", ond in'piu,i"" "fGod. Ber",. Ih< law Iher. was Adom, wh" u.ed a power ,,( p'''phecy"v.rlhewom."and"nrthen.m . ins"f.nimab;N"ah,pr •• chingup
Ahrah.m,!sucandJacoboA'or'ngadurfon. • hadowingofa la'lc numb<: r of evenll future orimmincn •. ST.oM ..Ta ls I.IJS.J." AD..... UN O...T..... D); . .. H " Ec' T.. n W .. ...T \5 TO COM); . AUGU STIN E: H.nce we '''jU5dfi.dinconcludin&.hat,hcultuyin whICh Aclam wu caught up when God cas, him ;n,o a , l •• p ,,·.. giv.n 10 him 10 ,h., hi, mindm,hll ..... mij!h'panicipa,.wi.hth. hOllofangcband ,.n •• .,n&.n,o.hc.anelua ry "fGod, u"d.n,.nd what ..... finallr 10
'wo in on. fluh··!'·From thi . ..... hould und.r... nd . •hcr.fo .... h.. bcuu •• of,h. u" .. y .ha,Ad.mhaci jlU, uperi.nc.dh. " ·...bl •• o .. Y'h ,, • •• prDph.,und.rdivin. guid. ncc.ONT .. . LIT . .... L I"T .....T.. no N OFG,"ESI59·19·)6."
T u ! ' .... 0 .... '" b O"m W .TH T H E M .. " ... s C H al5T 150... W'THT H I C H u a CH. AUGUST.NE: Enn ,n the bcg,nnlOt:. wh.n wDm anw .. m .d.from . ribin,h. 'id.Df.h~
Ilup;n&man.lba'hadnol. .. . purpo.. ,han • ,o.ymboliu prophuic.Il)· thrunion of Chrill.nd h ilchu r ch.Adlm·. Il •• p"''' , myotic.1 fDruhadowing ofChrin·. duth, and wh.nhi. deadboclyhangingfromth.crou w.. p;ctc~dby th.lan't,it ..."'ffombi'"id. 'hllthU.i" u.dfonbthl'blood.nd ......, Ihat. a. we kn""".ignifie. , hcucram.nu by which ,h. church i. buil,up.- Built" i. the v...... word SUlp'U .. uoe' ,n co nn.«ion wi,hE •• :· H.buil"h •• ibin.o ....om.n." .• So ,00 St. P. ul Ip •• k. of· bu ild inll up.h. bodyofChri..:" ... hichl. h "church. Th .... fur. wOman i.u mu.h th"nutlon ofGod .. man ... If .h.... o. mad. from .he mIn . •hi. w.. to. howhuDn.n .... withhim:.ndif,h. ...... m.d.inth ...... yah.wu.lhi.w...op... figure th.onen . .. ofChrilt and thr churCh.
,h.
C'TYO.G ODU.'7." T .. I C .... no ..
o. TH5 Wo .. .." S n' .OL'
'''' .. TH.C .....T IONO. TH .C HU .. CH.J . ..
,ooi:.
o .. I :-God rib from the side DfAclam iUld m.d. i. in,o I womiUl." Hen: SCTipturc ..id •• dif",~.'f (·huih-). Th.conccptofbuildi ng inttndl.odenoc.th.conltrucllon of agrea, houoc; _ qumdyAdam·l .ibf.. hlon.din." a wom.n , ignifiu, hy apol tolicauthori,),," Chrilt :oru:lth. church, andthat is ... hySCrip· tur ...idhc fonncd (..dijit... u) a woman from th. rib. W.h.v. hcardahou,th.firltAd.m,l.r uo com. no'" IDthe _ond Adam and ... now th.church"mad· (...!!fi,·,·dfrom h...iae. Th •• id. Dfth. LordS,vloruh. hunllon th . crouilpi.rccdwitbalancc. andfrom i• •hcrc cDm.. fortb blood and ...·.,••. w.... J.:l you lilr..to kno ... how the church " buil< up f,om ..... er
crown"h •• difice, HOMILtHS 66." TH! C HU .. CH AS MOTHU. OP THII
NIIW
H U M"' N T Ty.QUOO~ULTOIIU5:Tht.poIIl.
P.ul,."ificsch31 chi. passage hu bo,h a plain and an alJegorical meaning. Oiscuuing i,inhi.I.... r,o,h.Eph.ian •. he ..,Hr., "Thi. i.agrea,mY"·fj··bu,I'peakconce rn . ing Chrisr and rh. church."" Thtgrea, my.· ICT)'is ,h31 Adam hop.s afrer receiving ,h. p,omi ••. H •••• s,hac,h •• pou.. inwhomh. bc1i.~td i. now united '0 him. ThH.fo« he Iymbolicall)" annou nc.. '0 u' ,h •• rhrough f.i,h ,h. church will .... ,h. mo,h.rofhum .. n· kind.lti.uidtn"ha'$inctE~ehadbeen
crea,.d from ,he $ide of the al"ping Adom. heh .. fo,.,een,ha,f,omrhe.ideofChr;st hongingonrhecross.hechurch,whichi
2 :24 Bu om;"gO" . F1 .. h M....... " I) WOM.. " U"'Tti AGA ' ''. EPHREM THE STRIAN: Then Adorn said:L.. ,h. man leovehisfather.ndhi.mo,h.,.nddins,o hi , wife.orha"heymigh,bejoi11.dand,he twomighrbecom.one"withou,divil;onas th.y w..e from rhe beginning. COMMti"TAU ONGBNESIS~, lJ.J, " U N,o"o~MAl
0" .. UN ION TO THIIC HU.. CH AND TO CH.. ,s •• AuGuS"NE:Sc"p,ureuid,"Am .. n willl",'ef.. ncrandmother'''ndhe,,'iUclin~
rohil wif•. and rhey wi!l be two in one fl.sh," Thi$iowh"gener .. Uyhappen.in!h.human race. There is no orher war roview iu plain. hi .. orical.ens •. Bu, mnre 10. ,hi. i. all proph. e9', and th."po$lle remind. u. of ,hi. whcn he sayo, - Fnr ,hi. reuon a man will leav" hi. father and mo,herand he will dins '0 hi. wife, and they will .... 'wo in one fle.h. Thi. is • grear my"er)'; I mean in Ch.in and in th. church."" Two BOOKS ON GENESIS A""'''ST TH.M"N'CHAI"'''S~·'l·'9, ''
T,, " BoNIAN n F LU HO fT HII C HUI< CII. AMBROSE: IfcheunionofAdamand Ev. i• • great my.tcrrin Christ and in the church. it i. certain !n..! as Ev.w.. bon. of rh. bone. of hcrhusbandandfleshnfhi.fluh.we also .... mcmb ... ofChri .. ·.bnd)·.bone.ofhisbon.. andfl".h of hi. fl .. b. LHTSRS ToLHMEh' 8S·'"
CL U V"" GToGb" .. " ,, CLUV ING TO THE W ORLn. A~H""HAT: From ,h. law w' hear';: "Thereforeamanl.ave.hisfatnerandhi. mo,hcrandclu"es,ohiswife.andrheywili becom. on. fluh:This i•• gre., .. nd.ublim. prophecy.Whoactuallyle .. ~ .. ni.fa,h.rand moth .. when he !ak.... wife, Thi. is ,h. m.oningoflhe words: man in hi. original COn d;'ion lovcdandworshipedGod,hisfathe, and.h. Holr Spiri., hi. mo,her. H. did not ha~ean)'o'hrlov •. lnorder
div.rted br,hi. world. Hi. soul and mind are dri~en aw .. y from God and drawn in,o this
world that he ,doru ,nd 10~eJ"u a man Iov.. th.wif.ofhi.youth:" n.lovefOJrthi, wifc i.difl'... n, from th. lov. for Ih.falh.r,nd the mo,hcr. Sc:riptur•• dd.s. "Th.ywill bc.omcon.nuh."lti" m.th.,uoorn.rn.n makcon.nuhandl-OuJwithth.,.wif••• nd th."m;ndand,hOJughn • ...,dr'v.n.wayf.om ,heir f.. h.r and mOlh.r. l o tholC who ncy.r ,.kc.wifc.nd",)·aloncmayh.v.al,nglc ' p"" and m,ndw"h,h."fath.r.D ... o .. · n ....T'o .. sII. ' o. ".'"
A M..... S"All CLlI ...,·. TO H" W, ••. C.. u. SO$To.. ,Wh.... ,.lIm •• didlh.lClhing. (om. f,om for IIIm 10 ""cr' From wh., I-OU«. didh.ga,nknowl.dg.offu,ur •• vcnn.nd ,h. f ... ,hat ,h. ru. ofhum.n b•.,ngo oho,,1d g......· ,n,ol'·u'numbc,,\Vh.ncc•• ft.r.l1. didh •• om. '0 know th., ,h..e wo"ldbc ,n,..co" ... belw•• n man and woman, I m.an . ,h.con. umm.,ionoflha"n,.rcouru "".urr.daf,.rlhcf.lI:uplillthlflirnc,hcy wtreltvinglik.angcl.o,npuad, .. and l-O w,,, nOt b... nmg w"h dui ••• nO'Ulluhcd by olh.rp.nion •. no, . ubj ..,toth c n•• d.of nlfu ..;onth.conlrary.th'ywc...,c..al.d incorrup,ibl. Ind immonal..nd on that aecoun,.,.nyr ... lh.yhadnon.cdlowcar do,hu. ... So from what l-O.trcc.lell m•• did ,h ..eti,ing.comtfo,lltm,o .. " ..,Surelyi'" obv;ou.th.lbefor.hi, dilObedi."".hch.d a ohu.'npropn.ticgrac•• nd .... w.vcryth,ng ,hrough Ih •• y•• of ,h. Spirtl. HO"'LJlS ON G'''UISIS''''''
2:25 Both Won N~hd
~lI d
W••• Nor
A,b~"ItI:I
withwhichth.yw.recloth.d. l,wuwh.n ,hi'glo, y walllrippcdf,om th.m.ft"lhey h"dt.. rug .....dth.commandm.nlthatth·r w~ .... ham.dbce.u •• ,h.yw... nlkcd. CO .... I .. T ....YO .. G .... UtSl.14.~ •.,
THI I.
S." II"' ~
O. GMU
COII1" NOT
0 . , .... 11. AUGUITlI'.:
{Man and woman} .,....,.w.... ofcouru. of ch." n.k.dn ...... bu, they f
C".,STI..... , A., B .... T' ""," N ... ".".
C ...UOliTO .. : An...trlpping YOII of your robe •• h.pric.,himIClflud.syoudowninto th.nowtng"·atcrl. Ru,,,,hynak.d'H. ..m'nd. yo .. ofyourformcrnakcdn....... h.n YOllw... ,nparadi•• andyouw.rcno, .. h.m.d. For Holy Wm "Y'."Adam and Ev. ",.renakcd.ndwe.. no, .. hlmed:un,iI,h.y look up ,heg.rm.nlof"n .• garmcn,huvy wi,h.b"ndantlh'm •. B... 'TIS", ... lll'STIUCTlo ...
II.18."
N ... ..:." I UT NOT As ........ D. C .. "YS05TO.. :
"Thcy w ... bolhnaked: ch ...x, uy •. remember, "and wc.. nOt Ilh.mcd:You .... whil.,in.nd disob.di.n<e had no: yet
M ... ", ... ",,,\VO ..... NW ..,.CLOT II.,O"· ,Tt< GLO'TR. . o.~S I .... E'' ' ' IMT .. tSy.r ...... :
""-!ioll..
n.,.~
",'06. ''Fe ,.,)1'9.
..
no: uh.m.d beeau •• of Ih.
Fl",~'
"PS I 1._::' MP:;;5I:I2I:R;:'oI.2C1H. "Fe ~ACW)!MC. ~
II.:!): FC lOJOl
RUII ••• CTIO,," RU Toa .. P....... Dl SR LosT. GUCOU or Nu",: The <,glnnlng • ..,henGod crc.uedman.heK,him In J>4Iradlse (as the d,vine hol), Scnplureuyt) .dorncd..,ith every VI.tuc and g.vc him. commln
dioe.inpraycrandcon,empl • .,on,nlhem,dJt ofhono •• n
3:1·6 THE DECEIT OF THE SERPENT
' No", t~ . "rp.nl 11101 more lub!l. Ih"n "I'll other ",ild ,nOlwr, ,hol Ih c Low God h"d m"d r. Ht I"id ,~Ih. lIIoman. "Did God '''y. 'Yo u I),,,n 1'101 1"1 of ony ITU of Ih . g"rdr~·'"· ' And lb. wOm"~ I"id I~ Ibt .rTpt~l. moy tot of Iht frwil of Ih t 1rt< 1 of Ih. garat~ ;· IbwI God I"id. " row Ihall ~Ol tal of Iht fruil of Iht Irt< which i, in Ih. mid" of Ih. ,,,rdcn: ~ Iilhrr Ih~1I yow louch il. I'll you dit.' "'Bwl Iht lup.nllaid 10 Ibt woman. "}'ou will Hot di •. IFor God h01ll1 Ih", w"'nyow "" oJil yowr ,ycl ",ill bt oprntd. and yow ",i/l bt Iik ~ God.l:no,,'i~g f ood "nd "'i!." ' 50 IIIhtn Ih. lIIom"n IO W ' Iba I Ib! Irc~ " '<11 good fo r Jooi on d lbolll w"'" drllghllo Ih t tyel. IInd Ih"ll~t Irll 111111 10 b. d.lI1td 10 m"h Ont W"t Ih t 'ook of IIlfruII and Olt; and Ih . 0110 go~t lomt 10 htr hUlb"nd, "nd in "".
·W.
O"....."IB...' Thele'pen, ..... more dever Ihan IhcOlhc,Malllb".wunOlrliHd,otheleve! ofhuman ... ttORality {E,HUIot). 8do...... r.U ,h. Hr!"'n. WIJ on in.ima.. ,erm, with man (jO H.. OFO......S<;l,Js).Th.le'!"'n... c.ca ..d WU winsome and abl. ,0 ,omm"nic". wi,h .... dam and Eyc. and h.nce MUm •• ,001 of d.ception uHd by ,he d.vil (CH"Ysosro ... EpHUI .. ). who ..... cnv 'oulof .... damandE".·1 Ipccial rol.'np.radil. ( .........ns.).8yq.... · "on,ng Ey. Ih. H'pcn, u.ceruin.d .... my.' ...,. of.h. I .... {EPHllDt).Th. d.vil . pok. fir •• '" t he wOman .part from the man . who h.d rec.ived dir.ctly f.om God .h. command no, '0 Ut of .h. "CC (A... _ .). Th. le.pcn. .uh•• d.h ... Godh:odfo..,.... rn.d .... dam.nd E"eabout u .nlooking l •• hetTccino.d .. ,h ••• h.yno.bt:com •• n.mo •• dby;uMau,y ( EPHUM). The u,!",n, Iymboli%u piu... .., ( ....... _ I). h.ll<>lignifiulh.d.vil (Aooul·
T''''). Th. worw of th. Jc'pcn •. "You Ih.Jl M • • llodJ:dcmon."... th.'p"d .... h.bcg,nnin~ of .U.in ( .... OOUIT'NX). H .. m.nl we.., h.rm.d b)' ,h.itown d ..iT. {EpH.... j.Theyhld.l. rudybcgun in a prclimina,y "'")' IOleek .. ,· i.foction,nlh.mulvc.wh.n,hcy_re .. mpt.dbrth...Tpcn •. lnpuadi.... bclhon bt:ganinth •• oulwithlh.breakingofth. commandment. The whole p...on commi n .d thc Jin (.... UGUST' ... j . .... dam and Ev. did no: prckr\'c,em!"'Tanc.b.. tvol .. nt.l.i1rl
lakenby"omef.,he .. ,oMlnul u'puionof hiIMadship(EPHUM).
T... C...." .... US Of TRI Slll,. .. T W.u L ' .. 'T.D.E.H ..... THISY .. ' .. N:Alrhough
~~;:~:~:a:~:::::~,:~.~~~~:::!:::r:nd w" only mOre craftyrh.n the animau th.. had nom,nd. For tt 11 clca. tha, th ••erpcnt. which did no, hav. th. mind o(man. did nOI poll." ,h~ wi.dom of ",ankind..... dam ""'. all og.utc.lhanth.urpcntby lhcw.ym w.. fo.m.d.byht.ooul.brhi.mind.byhi. glorrandbrh i.place. Th... forci.i • .,viden. Ih., incunn ing.l.oAdam .... ,nfinit~ly gn... r,h.nth.krpcn'.CO ....... NT.... Ol< G"'U152. IS·,· t WH1' THi S' .. PI NT WU.ToOL.O .. O lelPTloN. SI"I"'''': G ..... L.. : Do no, Ih,nkofth •• n.kcth...·lj· h.curr.ndy ... Ilncc now run from him and aredi.g"'ICd bj·him.It ..·.. not'ni . "'ayin,hcb.ginning; ,hc.nak...·.. . fri.ndofhumanllr· ev• n •h• clonllof.e..... n... 'Wha:,lh.n, mad. h,m our tn.my! The d.tlarattonofGod:"'·ou are more cUTlcd ,b.n.1l ,he catd •• and mOre than cv •• j' wild an imal. I wiU plac. hOlli li tr be,w.cn you .n.d Ih. wom.n:' Thil ho.,ihty ci..,roycd ,he fro.ndlhip.I'.j··frlCnwb'p,·b.. tl dono: mcan.n'n .. n." ... I •.,."onlb ,p." ..... ao
o.
w.
! l
1!
in ... ad onewhi.hmindlc •• crcaturc,uc capableof having.Thc.nakcu.edtol.. ve Ituman 6.:.'
th.'1UUlion in hi. mind and spe.,d, wa.givon ro i"orSatan$OughtttomGod,hat'pe«hk g;vcn to ,h •• erpent for •• horl tim e. C" .. · ... HNT ... RYO"GHNES,S •. 16.,.'
Th .... pent could nol .nrerporadi,e. for ncither a nimal ,,'a'permiued,o app.oach th .o ut
H owT HBSn."BNTW,.s ON I ... T' MATE Tfi IlM swrT H M"'''.JOH ... OF O" ... "SCus Bcfo.. thefall,aillhingswe.. subject lothe control of m.n. beon rhar ,he devil. who i. th •• ource of evil , made ,hat mO" evil. uggesrion '0 ou,first paren".O~TH"POX FAlTH •. 10.'
TO Loo", U""NT " B T" H~. EpHREMTH ESvo.,,, ... ,Th.,,,mprer ,h en turntdi"mind,othecommandmon, of th e One wh o h.d .tt down ,he commandmen, Ada m a nd Eve we" comman".d no, onl,. ' 0
EV il ENT I C BO
Ho,,' THB Su,nNT C" ...... UN ' eATit> W'TH EPHRBM TH~SUI ... ",A.forth•• erp.n' ·" peech, e;,h er Ad.m uno orst""d ,he .erp.nt'. OWn mod. of co mmuniUlion, 0' Sa .. nsp<>k.lh , ough;,.o,th""penlpo.ed
M"".
73
not cat f.om ,h. " ••,but.h.y were not even todr.wncartoit.Th.... p.n"h.nrcaliz.d ,hat God had forewarned them about.v.n looking at i,l ... thty b.com •• nttappedby in bcautr.Wi ,h ,hi. in mind.,he .. rpent en,iced Ev. to look upon it. C O .... ENT .. U ON GBNf.· SIS :.~O.,. ' THE OBVIL'S ENV y.A .. BROSE: Th. cauoe of .nvy .... a•• h.h.ppin ••• ofm.nplacedinpu • . d,.., baau •• ,ht d.vil could not brook the favou ..ceiv.d by m.n. Hi •• nvy",.sa roused because man, though fo.rned in sltm •. was cho.entob<:aninhabiuntofparadise.Th. d.vilb<:g.n to.dlec, ,hat m.n w.. an in ferior creature ye, had hop<s of an et.rn.l life. where.. h•.• creature of.uperior nature,h.d fall.n.ndh.d .... com.partoflhi. mundane existence. P.. un'n u.· TH.S .... PBNTu .. STO.~OLO.PLHASu .. lI. AMBRou:Since.verycrearurei •• ubject,o pu.ion. lu., stole into man·s.ff.crion with th."e.lth of .... p.n'.Mo.....·•• qui .. right inrepre.. nringpleasureinthlikene.. ofa •• rpen<.Plca.urei.pron.oniuhellylik • • • erpenl.nolwolkingonf• .,orr.isedonl.g•. ltglide •• long .•o.o.pe.k.withthe.lippeq· folded curv •• ofiu whol. bodJ". Earth i.... food. a. il i. the ... pent"., for i,ha.no corn · prehen.ion of h.avenlj· f<>Od. It feed. on
~umVtn'
Adam by mcans of the "'oman. He did no, aCCO" ,hm.n who h.d in his prel' tnce received the he.venly command. He .cco.. td her who h.d learnedofir from her husbandandwhoh.dnotreceivedfromGnd thecomm.ndwhichwasrobeobs.rved. Th ..ei.no$[atemen,du,God spoketoth. woman. We know th., he spoke .0 Adam. H.nce w. mult conclude ,hat the command was communicat.d through Adom to the wom. n.hRADISHI:. " T Hll SI RUNTSlGNlF. B5T HBOllVSl.. AUGUSTINE: Th •• erpent signifies th. d.vil.
... iserth.nollth.beall •. The •• rpentwas not uid '0 b. In p...dise. though Ihe'''p.n,w;u amongth .....a.u ,h .. God m.d•. Fotp.ra· dise.ignifi.. ,h. happr life. from which th • • """nlw•• obsent .•in«i, ,,· ••• Ire.dr,h. dcviI.H~hadf.lIenftomhi . bea,itude
bec.u.~h.didnot"'l',n ,h. "It,h. And .... mustnotb.confusedas.ohowth • •upen, could.peaktoth.woman, wh.n.h.wasi n par.dis •• ndit,,· .. no •. Ti, ... rpententered •hoparodi.. spiti.ualll'.ndnotbodil)·.a. th • apo.tl •• uggtsts:"rouwer.livingb),th.prin· cipl •• of.hi.world.ob~r,ng,h.rul .. who domin .... th. air.th •• piri,who i ... work 10 those who reb.L olI Two 800"SON G."ESIS
'hmg.of.h~bodj'.andi'i .ch.n~edintom.n)"
AG"'''STTH~M''NICH''.''NS:.14.10 .''
T HfiDllv ,L 'SSTRATBGy.CH ..Y50STO .. :Do you ••• ho"· the devil led her~.p"ve . hondi ·
T HEDBvtL Too"A"'·""'T"GEOFT HB WOM .. N. AM"ROse: [Th. Devil ] aimed '0 cit·
Pa ID I I. TIUlh'UNN ' NG o~ Au AUGUST INm, Suri,i l molt rruIY l" id .. · Prid<"lhchegin nin gof all . in;" fo.i,waI rhi" ,n,huovc "h,ew ,h.devil.f,omwhom orOK,hcoT1glnof.inandwho.,h ,ough.ub· ,c'Iucn,c n..,·.ovCrlurncdlhcmanwhowaf ".nd, ng In thc rlgh,coulncu from which he h.df.U.n.Forthc ... pcn', • ...,king. "·.Y 1o .n.. ,.durlyoolIgh'lhcdoorofp.>dc,whcn h. dcd.red, · Yolllh.1I be u go,b:Tha,;' ",hrn l. ",,,,.. n,"Prid.i.,h.bcginningof.n Iln;" .nd"Th.beglnningof ,h
AU"llIT INI, Th.concluo;onio ,h .. the devil would nOt h.vebeglln by anop<=n andobviouo IIn to
T I NPT.D IT TH.,. 0", .. D . ..... EPKUJoI THI SU, .. N: The words of ,he ,.mpter would n OlhaY<:.allud l hosctwo ,obcttmp,~d,o
lin i{ ,heirn.ricchadno.becn$Ohelpn.l .o .h~ .. mp .. r.Ev.nif
OU ...V.D I Y A o u , ..NO Ev •• A.....o .. : I. " I.mpc .... c•• h.,
"ra,
H .. ppy L1Fa~.8.1l
"1'Gn'I5:FC7~l ..
''l'C-.... -,:c,u,.·
"S.t1l"'S."Sor,o.lI "S.-10I1'
"FC":)Il"'\' '"FC'.:I(IOI..-,:cJs..·
Til l SI"." DIJT.... <;T TH. H . ... T. 0''' 00' <;lIuSOF PHOTIC.: E~.iJlhcfirJt.o.uchlU
rh ••• igh •• lu ••• nd.heother..,n.,.. ... h.n u..dwi . holl'moder •• i.. n. di ....ctrhehcan f
hu Men gi¥en "'. ma, i. '0 uy. a 'ur~ po.m by ..... ich _ may come'" God. For WC who 1>... fallen m0'11 pcroon ,h •• humilit}' which IJ th. p.,h o¥crwhich .... have 1o tnvel on our rc
S" .... u ' ..GA " .... '. H u o . ..... EpH ..... T... Sy., .. N:SII.han. " ,d,oea,bcfor.h.. hul' band,hlllhe m'gh.becom.h •• dnverll .. hcad . lha,"hem'gh.becom•• h.on •• og,~. command ... Ill., .. ne by whom Ihe ,,·u .o be
S . N OF
T .. .
Ft kn W O....... AM.L."·
.... T.".YT .. . O ... '>l wHc. orM .. IlT.lu..... "S: A. Eve .... I ..dueed by the word nfa [fallen j ang.llofl.. frDmGDd,h.ving reben.dag.inlthii word .•oMarrby.hc wordofanangclrcuivtd.htgladtidingl thll .b. would bear God b,· ...... ying h .. Th • former ... ao ..duud to d"ob.y God [and 10 r.n ).bu.,h.la... r .... a.per.uad.d,oobey God. 10 that .h. V"sin Mary migh' become tht advoca.tof lh.¥irginEH.AI .hchuman .... ..,...lIbJ."ed,od.... hthfOugh.n ••"nf
woro.
a",rgin.",,,,Uitu.ndbr.,,,rgin •• ndthw
AGA' NST H"..Es ' ISS"9. " "
~;a~;~~;;~;::;~:;:·!ta:o:~:~ci'elY
..-._=,:;:.~~------
3:7·8 THE FALL
' Tlot.. llor ryt! ofbolh "'trr opt .. td. and IIo'yltn.wlb"r dory wtrr n
figJt
p.n,""
·LU_·UX,......·ur ..... O ...."'EW' The ,emp",;on mo .. ed from ,h. ey.' 10 di.ob.di.nc. ( CHU50STuld no, hav.dcocr ... dgrca, pralS. ifh ....u good for ,h •• ,mpl. r.uon ,h",h" "'",ne",, tcmp •.,d.o bt wick.d (AuGUSTlNI ). Aftc.,h.lln,h"yc.ofun •• wcrc <>pen.d.whU.,heeyuof,h.mind.,htollgh ... h .. h Ad"m and E". had I>cheld God . .... rc clol.d (Oll.'GIN). N"... ,h'yn... ,hed,ff•• · • nc.b ....... n,h.good,hcJ·hadloltlnd.he ."iI,n,owhlCh.h'y h.dfaUcn {Aooll$TlNI) . And ,h.i•• olll I".. mU'trj' 0.... ,ht body (AuGusT,NI). F'gl .... um'j'.)'mi>oli:c .h t pl •• III.oofly, ng (Aooun'NI) . •h ... ndcnc)' ,,,,,,.,d li n {SloB) o•• nac,ofrc?<=n,an« (IUN,"illS).
Ihe .... 'end.ringlhc.....,lves unworlhrof,u~h wond •• ful ....e.... H.nce SC'ip'u,.'.ltc,up Ihepo;nliniUOlf,oma'1'waywi,h,h. wo.d •. "Th.y bolh 11•. Thei •• yet We'. "pcned.and,h.yrul;z.dth.ywe •• naltcd: fkcau..,,,flhefaUtheyw ..eltrippcdofg.aco f'''m above. and u.ey fd,u.e KnK "fthei. ob.iownak.dneu.",hat,hroughrheoham. ,ha,oveTcam.th.mth·rm,ghtknowp"· coKly wharpc.il th.y had be." led ,,,,,,br b,eak.n, the Lo.d·.,,,mmand. HO."Lln.,N GINiJ,s,6.t4. ' T ... L ... w C"'NNOT BB CONI ........ ., T H ~ C ... un O. TH B F... LL. C H..ysono .. , I know
•ha ..... m•• ,thi.poin'migh'lCcuxth.l.w. g'~randuse .. u..t.helaw .. ,h.c.u.eofthe fall.W.ab .... lul.lymu.toppoKthata.gu· m.n,.W.mu .. plai"IYlrgueanddemonl"ate thaIGodgave,h.lawno,b.cauKh.ha,ed hum.n''Y0...·.. n..dlom.orkou.n .. urewi.h . hamebutbec,u •• h.Jovedu. .. "dcl,.dfot u•. In o,de, Ihat you lurn that Ih. l.wwu g,vc" ... m ... n.tohdp.h ..en,olh.wo •.uof 1»,lh,He ga~ ,h. Law tn .... , luppon:' One whopunuesha ...dd"", no.glVeh.oIp.Again .h.proph.td.da.... ·You,wo.d,. ,h.l.mp gu,d,ngmy ".pi.nd th. Jight for my pa,h. : ' Bu,,,n.whopunue. ha,,edd,,,, . notdi'pel ,h.darkn." withhil lamp.nord"", h.p'ovid.liglll.oonewhoi.wandering.Solomon » Y'. ·Th. command of .h.ll .. i, .hellmp. .h.hght • •h.life •• h.r.p.(>a(handu..tul . .... s...h. l.wi, no,onlj·.h.clp."o,onJy alamp bu l al .... hgh,.ndlikTh.r.for •• h" ••
T . ...T .D~ AUGUST'N~: If . omeone uk •• u..,.fore. why God allowed m,n.obe ,empt.d when he f"reknew .hl' mln w"uld yi.Ld.o.h.,.mp.er.lcanno .... und,ht d.p,h.ofd;vin.wi.dom.andlconf~lIlh.,
~:r~u;;~~d~e~:!:::~~:;.7.:e.:: ~L;:o j IhoK who are berterlnd holi.,.han I. not becau.. of.hei.muiubut.implybyrhegrac. ofGod.Bul,nsofaruGodg,veom•• heol>il· "J· .ound~UI.ndoranow. m •• o.pcak. !do no"h,nklha, a manwouLddu.rvegrtat p,"il eifhehldbeenabLe.oliv•• goGdliferor ,he 'impLe realon rha,nobody.emp •• d him to L,~ •• badon • . Fo.byn.", .. h.wouLdh.veit m h"powe, 1o ",m not lorieLd IOlh •
1
::;~e:~:~~::: a~~Pg~:e~';::; :~:~u::~~:1>o j humbl .... Why. Ih.n. would God no, all_' 1 mantobe .. mpted.a.Iu.ougbh.rortknewh. wouLdyi.Ld! For ,he mln wouLd do ,he decd bj· h"ownfretwiIL.nd,hll. ,ncurguilt .• nd h.wo"ldha ... toundcrgopun"hmen,.((o.d_ ingtoGo,hJuoticelob-crescoredlonghl o.d.,. Thw God would....m known hll will '" IproudsouJfot.h.in..."c"onol.hcu,n .. ,nag...",ome.Forwlldyhtuou ev.nbad will. of,ouL, wh.",herperv ..."J), abulC th."na'u ...... hichi.good.ONTH . L1TU... L INTup"IT... TloN o. GaNBS's Jt .... 6: AFT •• THKS . ", THI E'-RI .,~ SRN . . An OnNoD. The eyu of o.n.. were .henopcn«i.wh,cbth·r haddontw.U.o ke.pohu, • •hl"h.ymigh,oo.bedi....c•• d andh,nd ...dfrom .... nS"'i.hlh •• v.. of,h • m,nd . l:,,·ulhoi.eyc"ofth.m;ndwtuchin
0.,,, ... ,
G I Nu ,s8 .' 'PGS),1)1,FC74ol1 ...... a.n
_1' ·' .... H. '''CW ~ 1JC
.... U l<. OS.
" ' - 6o:J. 'PG
cons~qu~nce
of sin. as I imagine. were then
do.~d.Toth .. ttim
This ,wofold kind of yi.ion in us was familia, our Savio •• who said .· Forjudgment I have come into.hi. wodd . that tho .. who . u not might ... and that tho.e who.eemigh,bt made blind·' - mcaningb)' · ,he eyu that •••
,0
no. " 'heeye. ofth~mind.whicha
cnedbyhisteaching;and·thcey.. th., ••• ; mcaninsth.eyesofoensc.whichhis wo,d, .. ndcrblind.AcA'NSTCELSU'7.J9.' A''''M AN I> EV B SEB THE EV'"'PlTO W 'U Ctt Ttt BT H "vIIFALLIIN.A uGUST''''2:1twuno, inordcrro • ..,ou,,,·a,d,hing• •ha," th.ir.y" w.linc· tion.!t,akes ,hecxpcci.nceofthcpainsof ,ickn ..s.oopenou,eyu,otheplcauntn .., ofh •• l'h.CITYo~Gol>'4·'7." T HE'I< SOUL LOSES h. MA'TU;Y O"HI< Ttt H 8 00\'. AUGU'TINE; As soon a. ou.fi .., pa" enU had disobeyed God ', commandm.n. ,h ey wccci mm.di ..elrdep.iycdofdivm. grarcandwercasham.dnftheirnakednu •. Thc)·covercd,h.moelv •• withfigl.aves. whichp.,hap.wercth.fir.. ,hingno.icedb)· th.troubledp.ir,Tht p.,ucovcr.drcmain.d unchanged.x«p"ha'pu,·iou$lytherocc" ",oncd no .h.me. They fcl, for .he fi,,: time. moo.men,ofdi.robcdien «in .h.irfie.h.as ,noughthtpuni.hmen,weumcant,ofittht crimtof,heltowndiso;'edlCnc.,oGn
f.cti.thatth.,oul.whichhadtakenperverst deligh,ini .. ownlihertranddisdainedtht se,victofGod,waonnwdep rivedofiuorigi. "alma$teryover,hebndr,B.c.u •• i,had d~libera.elyd ..ert.dtheLordwhowa,ov.. i"i,nolong.. b.nt,nitswillth.ser\,an, bclo", it,b.ing unable cn hold the ncsh COm · plet.lyin.ubjec,inna.would.lway.have bc.n'h.c •••• ifonlyth •• oulhadrcm.in.d subjeCt to God. Frnm this mom~n' or. . th.n, .h.n<$hb'gan,nlu"'g.inst,n.spitll. With ,hi.reb.llion w.arcborn.ju.... ,...arc doom.dtodi.andbecau.~of,h.fi ..,s'nto bear. in nu. membetJ and vi,i., .. d na,ure . eitherth.b.ttltwi,ho,defu,by.hen •• h CITY OF GOD IJ.'J. " SY","OLlS",OFTH. F".L.AVIlS .AUGUS TINE: Then.h.y uw that th.ywere n.ked br pe,vert.d eyes, Th.ir original simplicitr•• ignifiedbythe,erm".~,J" .... nowseem
T HH T BI'< DHPlCY TowAI
·j ~ Oj,J9 . ·A''F406JI;-, ~C 'H90:_
"anlgr."ion. mad. apronl for themulvc. from fig leaves. ,he fig "CC can fillinglydclignalc ,he tc"d.n
I."."
T H" , CLOT HING.luN ...US: No","thcfc.. of,hcLo.d i.thcbcg;nningofwildom:"Th. undcn,anding of lTanlgfc.llon lead. ,opcn,' l~nce.andGodu •• nd.oh .. kindnc .. ,otho.. "'ho .... pcnt.For {Adam ).how~dh, ••• p.n. , when ,hefe wefe man y oth. 1r"I.hatwouldh.y~ir"uf.dhi.bodr Jc .. , He, ho"'ever, in awe of God. made a cloth,ng ,h"m... h.dhi.d ..obcdi.ncc.... Andh. would .. odo"hlhavolr.optthi.do,h,ngfof' ever. if God in hi. mcrty had nOtdOlhcd Ihcm whh,,,niClof.kin inlludoffigle avc •. AG"'NnHH.uIISJ.~J'S. "
p ..... ~nce! Can he for whom huv~n i, Ihrone and cUll.. . foolltool bc confi ned to Ihe gar_ den! What right-minded pc ..on (o"ld uy thil; So Whll 11 Ihc meaning oflhi. lIa,cmcn,. "They heard the SOLlnd of the Lord Goduhc ... ollcdin,h~g ..dcninthccv.n,ng!·Hc wanted 10 providc Ihem wi,h ' Llch anupe'i_ ence .. W
GO D W .. LII S ' N T HE COOL Of TH_ DU. j • .,o..., We read in Gcnesi. ,h.. when Ad.m """ug'~lIcd.wh.nh~p.jdh .. d ,o.he ...· pcn.rath.rlhantoGod,wh.nhch,dh,m..lf from.h.f..cofGod •• hen Godclme inlo ,he gar
,."
TH'sOUNO0' Goo',FOOT,T"" E. H.... THEsn'''I<,hwllnotonlybythepatiencc hee~hibit.dthatGodwi.h.dtohc!pthcm;
p.. ~ .... d •• t.h.too"nd .•o m.kc,,,pp],ca,,on b-cfo.. himwhom.d.lh.,OU"d.Co ..... N. T.. UON GBNUI S;.H.'," 0011 Goo H .. vl FliT! CH.,nono .. ; What ..... rOIl .. v;n~-Godlfroll.! Are _ alllgn·
T HE P ... NU .. ..... T O f OUT" M •• C l fULLT O.U"fiO. C HRVS05To.. ;sce,heLo.d·$lov. ingk;ndn.lI.ndlh•• urpa"ingdegr.eofhi. long-."ff.rlflg.l mean.,ho"llhbc ,ng,napo.i. .;on '0 b-cgtudle."ch g,'" 11""0" ,h~ righl of..,pl)· and.arher.han.oconaign them at on.~,oth.punLlhmenlh
Ingfee'10hirn;Hav~_ noeul.edconcep .
lion of him' No. God doeln 't Itroll-p" ... h ,helho"g-h,. Ho"·collldh~.pr •• enl .. everrwher. and fjlling.v.rrthins with hll
h. "
"HO(;I ,I7). '"Polt(klo. "LQAH:,Il$. "FC'I,Uj. "x; I UJ!;FC?4.:::1J."FC ""1"-
UIYUIO Ihal h~ mighl I~iz. Ih~ oppo.. uni.y ,0duphyhll(ha.a"•• i."(lav.,n .... 'ard,a th •• ,nn~n,.Y.nd.,p".,h.,.fal].Ho .. ,Ll IS ONG.,USII".'J." Aa ........ ., By. H .. y" LIPT , H I LIGHT of T" .TIIUTt,.AUGUSTu<m:To,,·ard. v.nlng Godwal"·alkingi .. pandi ••• thati •• h...... com ... g 10 judge th.m. H. wu ..iIl walki .. g 1n p••• diui>cfo •• thcirpuni.hm.nt.lha,i •• th. p••..,nc.ofGodllill mov.damo .. gth.m. wh.nth~y ...,long.,"O<>d6.minh .. com· m.. nd . Lt" filling that h.tOmUlow.rd .v.n.n~that .. ,wh~nth •• un"'·ual .... ady""· "ngforlh.m.lh.. , ",wh... lh.interiorligh, ofth~ ,rulh WaI bel .. g I.. k ... from Ih.m. Th~r hurd hIJvOlc . .. nd hid from hi •• igh,,'Nho h,duf.omlh."gh,ofGodbu,h.whohu abandon.dhim ...dil .. owbegIRmng,aloYc whlli.hilown!f,).,heyno,,'w.r.dolh.d
.poem
wilh .. Ii.... nd h. who . Ii. 'puu from wh.:u i, hi, Own. Thi, i, why Ih.y ....... id 10 hide nca. 10 th. tr •• ,hat WU1n ,he middl. of pand,... lhati •.• n.... th.m..,lyc.whow••• Jelln th~ middle .ank of thing. i>cnu,h God a.,dabov.bodiu.H.ntcth.J'b.c.. m.hidd~n ,o,h.m•• lvulO.hatth.ymigh,be , roubl.d bythci.w •• ,ch.d . rro ....f,cr,h.yh.dl.ft Ih.light o(trutht h "lh~yw. rc no"For lh. hum .. n.oult.nb •• p .....kerin.h."u,h.bul th.truthil lhe;mmutabl.Godabov.". H.nc .... hocvC
3:9·13 GOD QUESTIONS ADAM AND EVE
' BI/r tlu L....DGod uned 10 rhe mlln,' IInd $lIid 10 him, ·Whtr~ IIr~ YOI/,"' '"And he III,d.•, htllrd rht 10l/nd' ofrbtc illlbclllrdtn.' lInd /wlllllfTllid. """l/le J WOI ,,"ited: IInd I bId myulf." " He ,"id. 'Who told yow thor you wen IIl1hd! HII~t YOI/ tllte~ ofrht Irtt' of which I ,ommll~dedyou "or ro till," "The mlln ' 'Qid. "Tht WOmlln whom Ihowgllvelllo be wir h mt. lhc gQve me fruir of rh e ITU. lI~d I IIl e." "Th e~ Ih e LOlD God laid 10 rh e WOmlln, ' Whal il tbil IhAI yow hllve dOlle!" Tht womll~ laid. "Tht serpenl begwiltd Mt. An d I Al e."
Qv ••", .... : God', word, ·\1,'h~r.... you!' mun ,ha, ,her...... nowhere Ad .. m could be, onc. God ..... no< ,n him u. con.."".nc. of
h...... (AUGUST""')' The "UeJ"on ",elf "' .. • r~!,roof (A.....osl). I, "'H no, .. k.d as
'houSh God dId no, ;'no...' ,h. a ........ (CHIIY '
5Osrolllj. Theyalloemphui:crh c fooli,h. nes. of Adam and Eve'. rran'grellion (&..< ..... ) b,,'a'u.cumetim.p..dicrrhc . alvationofhumal'lkindiI'lChrin (Nov...
uked Ad.m, who wu be.ide h,m.df wilh
T' .... ).
order '0 Kold A"am hy remindinghim.hat .h••• rc.ally ..... no"'h.rerha.hc ..... ldhc. on" God was nOt in him. C ,TY O. GOD I}" $.'
Adam·. anlwcr to God ', q"uuon i •• ... retchederror. halloreveabth •• Adam .hinkl th.,hiltranlgre .. ioni.me,clyveni.l (AUGUSTINIl).God"pallcn,withAdam.to whom hcglv" ,heoppoft"nity to reply. Bu, Adam .. f" ••• •oconfe •• hi •• inandpIlI, . h. blam.onEve (SYllliO"YH.NBwTHaoI.O· G' .. N). Byuying.hat h•• innedh..au •• of Ih. ",oman gl~.n to him by G<>
3:9 GodC,.lurorb.,\h" T HEQUUT ' O... AMuon:\Vharlhendou h. mean by"Adam. where ar< rhoul- Doel h. no, mun'in wha, citcuml
Go,,', WO .. o5Co"D8M ... H uM ..... FooLISH ' ... u. E PH UM THB SUI ..": 'Whe.. ar. YOIl. Adam!- Ar~ YDU rrapp<:d in Ih. ,mag'l\(d god . lihnt l$ rh."he .. rp<:ntfa1nly prom>led you! Or a,t you propared for rhe dearh rhat 1. ,h. Lo,d,d.crco:d fo'you, W""ld.h.. yo" hid colU,dcr.dtht rrults! Suppo ••. Adam. rharinltudof ••• rp.n.whomightboth. mOIt dup..:.biec ..... u'eofall , .n.ng.1or . god hadcom. '0 you! Would you hav. dup"td Ihe comman"ment of him ... ho g.... Y"".Uthestthinp.he.dinginllud.h.coun. .ciofon .... hohadnorye,don.you.nygood! W""ldyou,henhavccon.id ...d.vil,h.ve'Y On. who formed you 010' of noth,ng! Would youdupi ,e lh.Ontwhomadeyou •• ccond godove,c.ealion! Would youdar. inlt.ad '0 con.idergood.h.vcryf.U.nonewhogav• you onl y a v.rbal p.omi •• of lome good! If .nothe, god w.n '0 com. ' 0 you in po ...... Ihould you no,hue rcje«ed hi. advI<e! Ho ..' muchmort,heninlh.caJcofa$erp<:nt ... ho (lme.oyou wim nO pow••• wnh ""wondrous d•• d.bu'lVithonlrtheemprYlVO,d.h.,i, Ipokc.oyOlllCOMMINUkYONG."U,S •.• 6.1" .'
0150'4 .70.:
GO O·5S ... " ,. Dou NOT I .. PL, \ .... o· ..... ..,,5.Nov..T' .. N:Th. fac, .h.. God ' Clrchc.for [Adam J docono'proc •• dfrorr.
Goo D ......TIA ...... '. SOUL. AUGUST'N I: Inoofar ua r .... II,onof .n.f1uh.g.. n".h. rebel],ou . ... ul promp'ed ou~pa<en" .0COVCt IhClt I'umc. th ey up.".nccdon. kind " ..,n _God ·' ''... r
0:
"
\ t
~nr
ignorance on rhe pan of God. bur i, m~ni· ftns m.n'. hope of. futu« di.covu)' and ••1. ,·.,ion in Ch,i". 0" TH~ T .. ''''TY I.n.'
.ny,hing of hi. own. Two ROOKS ON GENUIS ACA.'NST TNE MA.NICH"~A.NS ~ . ,6.~4 .' A nA.. Don NOT R... LI ZB THII G RAVIT YOF H u T .... NsG .. USl ON.AuGlJsTlNB:ln.ofar •• h.a.< yet had no .~pc';.nceofrhe divine lever;tj-. Adam could b.dccei ved inbcli.ving rhathi, rran·sre .. ionwa>mercl)·v.niaJ.And rhercforc h. was ar lUll not dcc.;vcdin,hc ", me "" 'y th., Ev.,,· ... H.,,·.. mcrcly mi.· rak.nconccrningth.judgm.nt rha' .... ould follow hi. attempt ,o.xcu •• him",lf,The woman you placed., my . idcgav. me f,ui, from rh. trce. and la,e:To.ummari%. bri.fl)': rhough no, equally dc
WHY D,u Gou ASI
uk<:d th.m but rath
3:10· 12 Ft .. ring .. nd Hidingjrom God THaATT BMP T .. TSnp·Jun' PIC.. TIO ". Ep"UMTHlSn., .. ,,:ln...adofconfe ..ing wha. he had don., which would have helped h,m.h.rela,edwha.hadb<:endone,ohim. whichdidno,helphimat.1L ... Adam.gain fa;lcd t<> confc .. hi. follr and blamed rh. woman. CO""B"T"'~V ON GUN!SlS •.• ;.,.,'
T ... L4C"O~ R. PINT .. NCB.E .... RE .. T.. E SVR'A.": !fAdam and Ev. had.ought '0 rcpc ....ftcrth.,· h.d tran.gr ....d ,h. com· m.ndment , even rhough thc)" would no, hav. regain.d.ha'wh;ch.h.yh.dpo ....."dbef".. •he"tranogreuionof,hec"mmandm
GOD b NOT O F "N D ~" ...T H U" " N N .. KBo, NBO$.A"cUST,N E: V,'h.nAdamh.ardGod'. voice. he an,w.r.d that h. hid becau •• he wa, naked. Hi, anlwer WH . w,
A DA. .. H ID H, s DBCBPT IO N.SYMBOl< TH~ N~"· THBOlOG'4":Dorou ... ,de.rfricnd . ho'"pa.icnt God i.f Forwhcn h.uid. "Ad orn. where arc you'" and when Adam did ROI •• on«confu.hi •• inbutsaid."lhcard your voicc. 0 Lord. and rulizcdtha, I am na~.d.ndhidm)".df: God"·asno,.ng.rcd .
nordid".imm.di .. cl y .urn,w.)·. Rath ... . h.
·FC67~ j. 'PGSJ" "" F(17~3, "FC~',"
'FCIO'i-1'J."FC9U,.·!S
C"
gav~ him
.h.opponuni'yorl .eco ndrcpl y and »id."Who.old you.ha. you are naked! UlIlcnyoual,ofthc,r,cofwhichlcom. mlndedyaullo"oca,:Conlidcrhawprafo und arc the word. of God'. wi sdam. H. IIY'."Why do you lIy tha, you are lIaked bu. hide YOUt lOll! Doyou ... Uy.hinkth.. IH. only your body bu. do nO'''' yourh .....nd yo ur .haugh"r Sinc. Ad.m wu deceiv.d hc hopcdthatGodwouldnotknowhi ,.i ll.H~
•• ,d.omcth,nglik. thll to h,mlclf,"lfl "y thltlamnakcd.God,nhi.,gnoranc.will 1I)·.·\VhYlrcyou nakcdI'Thenlolullh l v, '0 deny and.a)·,' ldo nOt know:and .o1 Ihall not bc caught by h,m and he will give m.backlhegarm.n, ,ha, I had a, fir... If nO'.I. longuhcdocl no,ca" me OUI. h. will nO, uil. m.~" While h. Wa> thillking th.Hthought •.•. God.unwiUing'omuh,· ply hi. guil""YI."Ho"· did you ...liu ,h .. you a .. nakcd~Unleuyo" ... ofth. tr •• of which I commanded younot,oeat: l. ilu though he .. ,d."Oo you rnllythink thll you can hide from m., 00 you ,magine Iha,1 do no,kno,,· ,.,ha,you have don., Will you no, u)·.'lha v .lln n.d tS'y.Oacound ..l. ' Yc • . it 11 ' ru'. M ...e•• I h.vc tun.grcucd your command . lhov.f.Ucnbyh ..cningto.h. woman·,counJc1.I am grcatlyat fauhfo, doi ng whIt Ih ... id Ind di.ob.ying your wo,d. HIve me,,), on m.!'" But h.do .. not humbl.h,mlclf.hcdoclno.b""d.Th.ncck ofhllheanIlHkealln ••· oflton!Foth.dh. .. ,d ,hi. h.migh.h.".... y.dinp ... d" •. By .h "on.wotdhcmigh,hav"paccdhimlclf du. whol e cyde of nib wllhaut number tha:h.cndurcdbrhllcxpul .. onand,n Ipcndin g.oma n)·ccntu"co ,nhell.O'I· COll IlS flS·S·"
TO GO D. AucUST'N~: Th.n.11 il quite com. mon in C&ael of p.id •• he dOCl nOt acclilC him. u lf ofh.ring (onunted to Ihe woman b...t pU.hClthef.u!t off upon,h ...omon.Thus. u if outaf .clevcrnClI .h' poo,fellowhadcon_ uived,hecunningly,rlcd,o ... ribu«hlllln· nin"oGodh,m..lf.Forhcdod notjUlluy. ",he woman gon.o me: but Iddedon."he womln you glvc.o m.: Nothin, is .. char&<. tcrift'cof.i nn ... u.a .... n"a ... ribu,.'o God enrythin, for which ,her areacCUl(d . Thll ari ..1 from Ihl' v. in of prid •. For m.n .inned in wi,h,n"o bc like God .• hat i., ."be f.e• from his dom,nion, u God il fre. from all dom,n,on,a,ncc he il ,he Lo.d ofalJ.Two Boou 01< G."u" ACAI .. ST TOn MAN 'CH A..... ':.';. ~5. "
3: 13 God QII.Jl ioIU 11.. WG"'~II E".·, EVU'O NI. EPH •• OI THBSn'AN:Sincc Ad .mdidno,wilh,ocanfeuhilfollr· God camedo ... nt0'luu,ionE ... lnduidtohc •• ·Whui• •hi.,h .. )'Ouh .... donc~"EY.too. ,n" ..dofm.kinglupplicldonwi,hh .. ,elrs Indbe..ingtherlul.her, clf lO ,h.,merc)· might ,ake hold of both hc,"ndhcrhulband. ,e'ponded by uy,ng no,"Th.,upcnt cou"· Hied or seduced me'but "Th, lupcnl deceivedm •• ndI atc: When the 'wo of,h.m hadheen '1uc.< lIoncdandwenbo.hfourul,al>c ... antlng,n remor .. o,uu.conui"on. God ... en.down,o the.erpcn,no"omoktin'lu''1'bu •• orendcr puni.h men "Forwh... ,he.e;l opportun,,)' ror rcpcn,. nc•. 11 would be righ. toin'lu"e . bur .0 one who i. I .... ng~r torepcn,"n«, Jud,me ntufiltl ng.CO .... £NTA.YOl
E... A... o R..", .. TO CO ... . . . H •• S, ,,. Snllo" TH& NI ... THROW"' .... : Moo God hldl.ftAd ..".h..cam. ,oE.... H ...... n ..d,o . howhor,hllshe,oowouldbtuIIOUI.if.he w... unwilli ng'ore p.nt.Soh.... id.·\Vh.oti. .h",ha,youhav. don.!"lothar.h•• tluJI "ugh,belble,o"'r:lhav.ltnn.d." MydK d,dGodn ..d.olpeakth ......ord.,oh... unl.N ,nd..d'o.nabl. h.r ,o .... )·.· ln my foUr. OM ..... r.I..lowlr wre•ch.h.u.don. th, •• .nd h."., d,oobeyed you. H."" m" cron me?" Bu, .hed,d notur,h, •. MI.did.he .. y' ·Th ••• rpen' beguiled m.: How .en.deu? 50 youh ..clpokcn with.he lc rpen •. wholpe"lu Iglln1.yourM ..... r,Himyouhav.preferred .0 God who mad. you. You have valu.d hi. Idv".morehighlr .. ndheldlt.obt.ruer.han .he comnu ndmen. of your Mu ...! 50. when Ev •• GQ'..a.un .. bl •• o ...,·.·lh......1Rn.d: bo.hwer.cu,outfromtheplauofenjoy· m.n, . Ther w... ban .. hed from p.rad ... and from God. D'SCOltMSas s.6. " T HB U"W ' LLI .. GNUI
T O R .PI"T.
Do.·
OTHlulOf GAz.o.:Aga,n.If•• tAd.omh .. d don ........ ngGodgav.h,ml chlnco.o r.pen. and bt forg,v.n.1nd "",he kepI on bt,ng ..i!f· n«ked Indunrepentan •. For God Um.10 h,m .. nd .... id.·... d.m.wh ...... you,· inl.ud of uy,ng.·From whl'glory a•• yo" (ome ,0 .h,,1 Ar. you no. u h.medl Why did you.in!
My did you go .... ntr.·-IIifu'lli nghim oh .. p1r·o ... r··Forgiwm.!·Bu.,h.r ....... no .ignofhumili' r-Ther,,,·unoch.ngeofheul bUI ralh .. ,h. contra!"}'. H... pl ied:ne wife thllyougav.m."- mlrkyou. nol · mr wilfe" - ·d.ceind me:" Th~ wife th ... }.~ gave me :aJif .ouy.· .hi.d.i'lSterJl'~placedonmr
head:50itiJ. my brethren. when.manh ... nOI.he gull 1<>&CCuse himul{. he dou no. Kntpl~.o aCCuse God h'mKlf. Then God came 10 E~~ .. ndu.id 10 h •. ·Whrdid you no, ke.pth~commandlg.v.youl"uif5lring." lf
you would onlr.a)·.·Forgi v. me:.o humble rour50ulandbtforgiyen:"'ndagain.no,. word! No · forgiye m.: Sh~ onl)" In.w..ed. "The.erpen,dccciycdm.:·-Ilif,o",)·.if .h....rpen' did wrong..wh .. , concern i•• h ...o melW'h.., Ire yo .. doing. yo ....... «h ..! Knee l ,n .. penllnct ... cknowkdg. your f•.,h. lake pity on yo .. r nakedne ... BUlnei.herlheon. nor Ihe olher ••ooped '0 aelf·.ccu.. "on. no ...cc ofhumilily wu found in eilher of Ihem And no'"look and conlider ho,,' Ih",,'" onlr.n .nttcipa,ion ofourown ....e!S •• how m.nr lndg.... "'....iLo i,h ... b,ough,on u.-.h" ..lf.j .... ific... ion.lhi' hold,og f....o our o.. n wiU •• h .. <>buinaq-,n betngour own guidt.Sp''''Tu''ll"STlWCTtO><'.''
,-
3:14·15 THE P UNIS HMENT OF T H E SER P ENT
"Tb t L,,~God.ojdfDfb tJerp.nI, ·Btc~" •• YDU h~v. ~D" t
Ihi.,
,w rJe~
art YDU abov. aH,~ult, abDvr ~I! ",H~ Dnima!s; wpan'yawrb,UYJDulhaUgo, an~ ~wsr l YDU lball tal all ~~}l of yaur lif. "I ",ill pur . nm;,y n you an~ tb . WDman, andbttwun yowrlt.d andb.rlt.d; h.' .hall &rw;I(' y"ur h.~d, andyo" lb~!1 brwil.' h;, h.d," ~" ~
,h.
b.,,,,••
OVIlIt.VIB,,·:Godpuni.he.lhe •• rpenrwirh ou,inquiringb.cau •• iti,aJlranger'o r.p.nranc •. Godcu .... th •• erpentabov
3:14GoJ C"r. t.lh.Strptnr T HII SIIIlP''''T Is .. ST .... NG II .. TO REPBN ' T"NCII.EpHRIIM THE SVRUN; \Vh.n [Adam and Eve ] h ad bccn quurioncdand wc .. borh foundtobewa n,inginre moru o,tru
Goo Cu •• u IT ABo" . ALL B ....T •• E.Hu"'THBST.u.N:·C"rud .....,yo" ...bo •• .".rybnll,"b.C... " a. yo"dccc,v.drhouwho rul.o •• raUrh.bc: .... ".hllt.adofb.'ngmor. d ov.rrhanall.he buJI,youwHlbe mor. ,urud tban all the b ....... and ' on your beUj' ,hall yougo:b.cluoughr b,. th pang. uponlh.rac.ofwom.n.And·dultyouohall n'a!I.uy,ofyourlik·be ......uyou
PllN"""'.NTO f n ' ID.",L.AuoU ITII
CO"""NT"B~ ON G~NU'S ;.;9.1.' o~ CO .. o ..... "TlON. A.. BBUSE Th.nrp.nti.a 'yp.oflh.plu.uruof,h. bodj'. Th. woman Itand. forour •• n.e. and .h.manfo.ourm;nd•. PL.aourell,,,,h. .. n•••• wh,ch ,n ,urn h••• Ih.".ffecl on th. "u"d.PL.asure. ,h.refore.i.lh'pnm ... ..y sour<.of. ,n. Fo"his reuon. do nOt wonder 11 thc faCl tha, by Go..r.judgm.nt Ih ••<:rpen. wao flrlt cond.mned. then Ih. woman .nd finally rh. man. The ord., of cond.mnu,on. ,oo.corre'ponded to Ih ... t of th. C"m• • corn· m,,,.d . forpL.asureu.ualLycapt;'·a,u,h. • en ..a. andthe .. n.u c.p".a.e.h.m,nd.To convu" . you th.... ,h."rpen, "th. type of pluau.e • •akenot.ofh"condemnallon.·On your br ••".nd on yourb.Uy.haU you crawl: w.rcad.Onlytho •• whohv.forlh.pLu."re. o{,h
T HM0 ... 0 . .
bcuunh. '~JO"".ovCt.hlfunh"'pprpo""",
wh.rcubcforeh,.fallh.".....ccw,omed.o "JO,cc,nlhe.ubhmc .. u.h" nwhochh.d,d no...maln.H.ncc.".n,h.caltlc.r.... .h.... dofh,m.no.'npo ..c,buf ln fh.prc.cr. ,·."on of th."n ..,u, •. Fo,ca" le did nn,lo... hca.enly happ,n .... ,ha"h· t·nc"cr h ... db .. , hv •• hc"lif.,n,hcn.tur.th.,.hey ..cClv.d . HcnuGod'l,dfohlm.· You will c... p upon you,cb.... ndbcUy."\V.can ..eth .. 'n.h. .nak..... w.U • • ndth.e:r.p ..... 'nn' . ... n.· f....dfromlh.,.isibL.an'maJ.o,hll,nv.. ibJ~ cnemyofou.r •. Fo.(h.(crm,I>tJlllgnifiu ·p,id.·bccauu,he",ongd rivcaof,h.loul ruJe,hcre.Th. termi>dIYOLgnif,.."carnal d ..... ·beclulCth"pa"ofthebod)'",ecog n,zedu.oflC,.S,nccbyth •• cmcan.h. nups upOntno .. whomh."... nutodece,v •. Ge>daa,d,'YouwiILcrccp upon your ch .. , and bell)': Two 800)[s 0 .. GaNu,s.I,,:aINST TH£ M"N'CH"UH.~.17.~6.·
,.
GaKa,.):,,,,,S T" . DIVIL DU T.on THon WHO A •• E .... T"U· M,ND .... C .. I .....,US OF Aun: God laid 10 th~ d.vil :·Olllt you Ih .. ll u,: b i',h..... thth .. tw.'re .. dllnd.rf_tthatthc devil UII, bre,hren! No, It i, peopl~ who Ire u .. hlym.ndcd.lCnlll.!andproud .......,IOYc thcunh."dp!ac •• ll,h.irhopeoinit.Th.y l.bor.ntircly forcar".l Idv."..g.....,h., {or Illch pl.uu r•• ,.nd think littl.or nothing of •h.uJu.io"oflh.irlOut...~opl.lik.th.lC. .h.", ,h. d.villCd.... H. "'cmllo do 10 junl)', {or,h.ywcr.usigncdtohim.,lh.bcglnn",g of,h.world ... h.ni .... u •• id.ohim,·Dw, fOu .h.1I ut.·Therefore I., e.ch Onc I_I. 10 hi.owncons.ci.nco.lfh.lccolhalh.hu gru,crcar.fo,hilbodylhan{o,hi•• ouJ.lu h,m fur that h. will bnome the food ofthc urpcnt. SU"OH5 116.'
): 1; E"",ifyBetw."" fht S.rp""tandtlJt Woma" Sn..o Ll cM ...... , .. G
o 'THIE"' .. ,TT.
AuQuST,N~:EnmiuCllreno.lCtbc.w •• nth. ICrp4'n,"ndtbcm.nbu,bcrwc.nthcICrpcnt .. nd ,he WOman. Thi ... lurcll' nOt beuu.. h. f.ilo,od.c.iv •• ndt.mp.mcn, i.itIOn,h. contra'r,iti.dea,lhalh.doc.dcceivcthcm. O.i."bccau•• hcdidnoldeccivcAd .. mbut hi . womanIBu,il,h.urp4'n,thcnno,thc enemy of ,h. mln 10 whom .hlt deception came ,hrougb h"womln , eopcciaUy,in.e·l ",m pllcc.nmitybe,we.nyou.nd.he ... om.n·iln.t.dinlh.fu,u,.l lfth .....oni. thath.didnotth •• caftcrde.eiv.Adam,itil al... trU.thlfh.didnotlh.relh.rdcc.i..., E.n.Hcncc.",hydoc,Scrop.urcpu,i"hi. ""rITo';'o,,· dca,h-,h., "'. can"", bc I.mpt.dbl, th.d.vil .. ccp"h.oughtha,ani· mal part ...."ic" .. y.ab,"o,o . puk. ,h. imag. 0< uemp!ification of ,h. woman in ,he on.
m.. n. Two Boou 0'" G8"'IS IS AG ... ,,,,sTT,,.M ... ,,,,cH ... uNs •. 18 .• a.' whol~
Do .. NOT OUTaOY TM . S •••• "'T. A....on: Godjudgcd tha' n~ ..... '0 be held in (hnk for a tirn. rather than tobc de"roy.d,10 t .. a,h ..... y.,o.helCrpcnt,·J will pu, .nmi,y b..",un fOu and ,h ~ ",om.n, and b""'~en your I(~d and ,h ....d of ,h • wom .. n.Sh •• haUwatehforrourhcadand you for hcrhccl.· Wh.re.nmine. remain . ,h..crema",ldn(ord.ndth.d..".,odo harm.\\'h.reth.'.i..... d... ".,odoharm, ,h........ i1I1C1tablilhed. Th.reforethe •• " d'JCordbcrwccnth.IC'pcn.andlh.woman. Evil i. at th.bucofdis.co,d: ,hu, evil hll nOt bcen,ncda,,·ay.lnde.d.ilh .. b.:enrc..... cd forth.ocrp4'nl , lh .. h.m'gh,watchfor,h .. woman', h.eland ,h~ h.... l ofhet ICed, ... a. 10 doharm .. ndlnfulehi'poi.on. Thereforel.t ul no, .... alkinearthlything.,.nd,h •• crp.n, will not beabl. '0 harm u•. L., u'pu, on ,an dal.ofth.golpcl,hat.hutou"helC'pcn,·, poi ... nandblun,hi.bi,.. ,h.,,,,.m.ybcpro. ¥idcdwithcoveri ngonou,f.. etbJ'rhegOlpcl.
GOD
FUGOlTHOlolTOlIWOJl.LD7.4 l." ENIoI,TYA PJI. . . ' GUIAT10NO.TMBV,C TO.T OFCM."TO"I.T Ol K O~V ' L.I.'NAHU5:
Ch';lIcompl...I)'renc",edall,hi"gl,both .. king up the battl.againlt our cn.my.nd cnuhingh,m ...hoatthebcgonningh.dl.dw cap.iv. in Adam, trampling on hi. hud ... you find in Gcnc.i. th .. God lIid '0 th ••• r· pcnl,· lwillpulenmi'ybctweonyouand,h. ... oman. andbc.w •• nyourIC.dand,h .. sud of the woman. H~ will be on the watch £0" yo .. rh ..d.lndyou ..·illbeonth ......chro"
"
hi. h~~l.· FT<>m thn"n it wa. procl1.im~d that hewhowa>t"b~bornofavitgin.aft .. the likene ... ofAd.m. wouldbeon,hewa"hf"r .he.erpen... h..d.Thi.i.th.seedofwhich .he,poSlle .. y. in.he lettu '0 the Galatian •. ·The law of wo,tu was established until the .eed should come.o whom the prom i•• wu made.'" Heshow • •hi... illmo",clearl)'in .h ..... me.pi.d.wh.nh. sayo. ·Bu, when the fulln e... of'im< ,...,15
man fram the beginning •• etting himself up in app".ition to man. Bccau5eofthi"he Lard alsadeclareshimoelflObe.heSonafMan, .a renewing in him.elf .ha. primal man from wham .he farmatian af man by wam an began, that aI ou' racewen,dnwn.ndeath by a man whn avercame. and asdea.h wOn rhc palm af vic.nryav.. usbyaman . • nwemightb)·. man receive.he palm nfvictory over de.th AGA'NST Hnuns ~.~J.I."
3:16-19 THE P UNISHMENT OF ADAM AND EVE
"T~ t~ r w~",a~ b. ,aid.
0J will gr'~ tly multiply JOw, pai~ in ,hildb,ari~g; in pain JOu s~al1 bringfortb ,bildr,n. yowrhsband. ~~d h~ 5b~!1 rwl, opu JOw.· " And to Ad a", b'l4id. ·B,,~use JOu b~v, lilf~n~d to th. VO;ct of yowr wife. ~nd ~~v. t4 t'n oftbe trre of whicb J 'omm~ndrd JOu. TowshallnOlr4foJil: ,wr>cd is Ih, ground [brc ~Ulf of you];' in toil JOU sh~1l ,al of il ~JJ tb~ days of Jour life; "fbM"l and thilfl~l it shall bringfort~ I~ JOu; dn': yow .h~ll e~! th . pl~ms of Ihr fiei': " j~ rh. lw. ~t of Jour f~" JO~ shall ,a: ~rr a d fm_yOW ,etur" t~ Ih . gro un oi . Jt!Jowrd.sirrsb~l1b'for
foroutof;tJou ... trtt~hn; JOU ~r' dust. ' And todult' JovlbAllrtturn:
Ov..v,n,: The Inah il punilhed fin, in ordII ). Thcthomothatgrow on earth.ymbohu.h•• inoofhumankind r.mov.d by Christ (TuruLu4",j. Death "'11 not impo •• d by God on Adlmand Ev. bUI wu •• onnqu.n.. of.heird.liher....in (A.....osl).·Youshallr.. urnrodw.·d .... no,mean,h.uh"mannuhpcrioh.. com . pl.,oJy bu,u,I.i.il ff.nlformedinotd
AFT • • T" ,S"PI"' T'& P u .. " .. "'u .. T.A o.... .. .. oEv. Do NOT RBPB .. T. E.HB", T N I Sr••"N:Th'p"ni.hmenld.".td'glinlrlh. . erpent "'... Jwdy d....,.d. Whyllkuu •• if ,,·ufitt;nglhllp"niohm.n.rc,urn.o.h. placewh ... follj'Mgino. Th •• n.ire,u.on G<>d b'gln wi.h Ihil impiou5 CrUlure wao 1<1 that,wh.nju.IIC.lppc ••• diuan,.,r<>n.hi. crta."rc.AdamandE"•• houJdgro... afraid and .. pcn..... ha' ,h... rn'ghlhe. pouibility fo·S .... ·oprele ..... th.mfrom.he cll.... of j".. icc,B".... h.n,h...,?
G....IlS ~.Jo.,.'
T,, " WO...... ·5 Cu . n.C H.nono .. , S.~ .h.Lord·lgoodnc.o. howmllchmildn ... ho .mploj'l do'pi"I"ch 1 •• rribJ. falL · ! will g...dyaggr.,,"!C.h.p.inofyourlabor.· MJ· intenlion hadbe.n. h.;1 n r ing. for you to h,vcllif.f..,.ofll'
.herrunningrinl,a ndJsen.enceyou.opain _ fullabor."Jwillgreatly oggravatethepainof your labor; in pain you will bcarchildren: I will ensure. hei.uying.tha.thegen ..a· rionofchildren.arearonforgreat.ari.f.c· tion.foryouwi ll beginwithpainwth •• each timewi.hou. fail you will perlon.lly have a rom tnder.through the di.tres. and the p.in of e.chbirth.ofthemagnirudeofthi•• inofdi.· ob.dience .... lntheb.ginninglcre ••• dyou equal in esteem to your husbond. ond my in.. ntion ...·.. th.rineverythingyouwould shartwithhtma.anequal.andaslentru..ed cnntrolofevery,hingto your hu.band. ".did I to you, but ynuabu.ed your equalit)· of ...• ,us.Htncel.ubje« you '0 ynut hu.band Ho.,'lIesoo. AUGIJSTlNE: Ther. i.no que ..ionaboutth.puni.hmentofth. woman. For.h. cI.arly h •• her p.in •• nd .igh,multipli.dinth.woeoofthi. lif. Although htr bearing her chi ldren in pain i, fulfilled inthi. visibl. woman. Our consid.r· arion.houldnever,hel... b.... oll.d.o,h.t more hidden WOman. For even in anima!. th . femal •• bearoff.pringwithpoin •• ndthi.i . in ,heir .... thc condition ofmortali,y r.therth.n.hepunishmcntof . in.Hcnce. it i'pouibleth.tth"b•• h. condi,ionofmor· t.lbodi .. eveninthefem.lesofhum.n •. But rhi.i.thegreatpuni.hment:theyh. v.com. coth'p...entbodilymortali'rfromth.ir (ormer immo"alitj"Still there i • • great mysterr inthi •• entcncc,beuu •• therei,no rUtUln, ftom catnal desire. which does no, havepam ,n,hco.g,nnms·un,i lh.bithas been bcn, ,o"'a rd improvement. When thi ' has come abou,. it is as rhough a child i. born , .h., IS . ,h. ~ood hab!! dispo ... Our
in ten,ions ,owatd ,h. good d • .,d. In order tha. t his habit might be born. t herc w ••• painfulnrugglewithb.dh.bit.Scripturc add • • f«rth.birth."You will rurn to youc man . • ndhe willruleoveryou." ... Wh.t canthi. me.nuceptth.t when tha, parr o( the.o ul held by carnal joys has. in will ing to conquerabadhabit .• uffereddifficult),.nd pain.ndinthi , w·rbroughtforth.good habit. it now morccarefully.nd dilignd), ob.y.rcasonuits hu.b.nd'Andtaught b)' itspaino,itturn.,o rea.on.ndwilling!r obeys i .. command. leSf it again d.dinc to some harmful habit. Two BOO KS o~· GBN •. S,S AOA1NST TH. MAN'C HA"AN. 1.t9.19.' M " RR t AO E DEV t " D ~O" T H B P". SB "VA·
TWN O~ HllMA " ' TY.JO"~· 0_ DAMASCU S ViTginit)·waspracticedinpar.di.e. !nd.ed. sacred Scripture ny' th.t",her ",erenaktd, <0 wit. Adom ond Ev., .nd were not ashamed," However.onceth·rh.dfall.n.the),kn.,,· th .. they ...·eren.ked , .ndbeins ..h.med,h.)· sewed together.pton, focthcm.e!ve •. Af.er the fall. when Adam hcard"Du.s. ,hou . ... and unrodustyou&hoU •• turn:.nddeo,hen .. rcd into ,h. world through tran,sre ..ion, th.n Adom knew hi. wife. who conceived .nd broughtforth.And.o,o kt.prhcr.cefroR'. dwindling and being destroyed by dcath. m.r · ri.ge ..... ' d.v .. ed •• o that by the beJ;erringof children ,h. r.ce of men might bepre.ervtd O"THOOo~FA'YH4"4.·
P"o CRIl .. n ON WO IJ LOH AVETAE HNPLACIl t NPA"A O' S~.A"GuSTlNe:Why,therefore
may w.nOl au um.,h.t ,h. fir.' couplebefor< ,her 'i nned could h."'gi'·.n. command ' 0
GDlg"F'''''9 thci.",niuJ organ, for ,he purpo.., ofproc.. • ation U they did to the other m.mbeutha, thc.ouli. accultom.dlomov.loperrorm nrioUAu,luwi.hou,any.roubl.lndwithou. any cnving for pl.uur.! For.h •• lmigh.y Crutor,worthyofprai...... yond.llword •. who i.great .... n in ,he l.uI of hi. worlu. hu gi,..ntoth ....... th.po ... rof"'producing ,h.iryoungjuJtu.h.yproduc.wuand honey. Wh)·. ,h.n, .hould;' •• cm Myond M' I,cf,h.,hcm.d.,h.bod, •• oflhcfiro,human bc,ng.,n.ucha .... y,ha'.if,hcyhldno, . inncd.ndh:u:lno,immcd,alCly,h ..cupon con ..""..d. d,HUC that would brongdcath. ,hey would move ,he m.m""ro by which off· Ipring ... g.ncr...d in th. lam ..... y ,hat on. command.hi,f.., .. h.nh...alh.JO ,hat conc.puonwouldukcplacc ... ilhoutdi,or· d..cdpauionlandbi"hwi,hou'p.in!Bu,al it ... hydtsobcy,ngGod·.commandlh.)· d• ..,,.,...d.o expertence,~ th.ir m.mM .., wh.r. dc.,h no'"r.ign.d . ,h. mov.m.n, of . la... at war wi.h ,1..1.... of Ih. m,n4. Thi. 11 I m"nm.n, ,h., marelag. rcgulatu .nd
A"u,', RUPo"" .,U'T ~o~ E,," D I PAULTEO. CH1t.YSOSTOM: Af•• r Ill. you.re h.adofyour ... if••• nd . h.h.. bc.ncr....d foryour .. k.:b",youh .... inv....dth. propcrorder:no,onlrhlvcyouf.ilcd,oltccp h.ron,heltraigh,andnarro,,·bl>tY°l>navc b•• ndrlgg.ddownwithh.r,.ndwh ...... h • ... tofthcbodt'lbouldfollo.· th.hcad .•he cOntrl'1,ha.,nfactocc .. rr.c!,.heh.ac!follow. ingth.r."of.hebody.'I>rningthing • .,p,idc
down. Ho>OlUU
ON GINISI5
".,1.'
5"" UTu .. lAlnCT Of'K.PU N,I HMI NT IMP ola o oH TH I M .. ".AuGUST ' ...: \V!,a, .hall ...... y.bo .. ,d.. judg rn.n.pronouacec! again .. ,h. man! Are pc rhap • •othink tha, u.erich,for .. homth.nc« ..iticsoflifecom. .uily.ndwhodonolLaboron,hc ..nh.hn. .",ap.d Ihi' pua i.hmen.! h ""y.:Th. carth .. ill bcc.. BCdfo.you in all yourworlu.and YOUlhlllca,fromnino.adne.. andgroaniag all .h. day. of your life. h will brong forth ,hor", and u.i.du for you. and you will ca, .b.guin of your 6.ld. In ,hc.w... of your yourbrud un .il you return brow you will .o . he earth from which you .... re takcn.fo. you Ire carth, andyou will r«urn'0 th, ..nh .- Itilcc""lnJydurtha,noone ..cap.' thilu nrcncc. For anyon. born in thtl lif. 1.1. difficultyiadac"".ring.h.....,hbcc...... of th.corruptibl.bodr.Foru Solornon say •• "Th.bodr·ha,i.
w.
ca.
T HII PH n ' C"LAsPlCTOFTHIIPUN ' SH' MI N' OF M....... CH~TSO'TOM: 5"",< man had .h"wnsrca,dilobcdi. ncc.Godc.... h,mfonh from hi. life in paradiu. God c.. rl>cd min'. Ip"nformcfu.urc.lO.b"hemtgh:no,l.ap far,h., 'wn. H. cond.mn.d inm to . life 0:
'ci.,.-...<*
'1>1."15. 'FCM, '15
toilandbbor •• pcakinglohiminlOm •• uch fuhion at thil:Th~ ~ue and l ecudt)' Ihlt we .. youu in abundanco led you to mil grtl. di.oNdien,e. They mad. you fo.get my (om' mandmenu. You hid nOlhing to do. ThaI I.d you tOlhink Ihough u 100 blughty fo. your o... nnllu ....... Th ••• [(ond.mnyoulo toilandbbor.lOlhal w hil'lillinglheearm. you may n.¥e,fo'gel yourdi,oNdi.nco Ind th.vil.n ... ofyournatu •• : S .. PTt S.... L
ror •.
1.. sT .. uCTtON'·4·S," ST ... O Ll S .. Of TM BTH O . ." . T ... TulU .. N:
Towha, kind ofl crown. I Ilk you. did Ch. iItJuus.ubmi,forlhelah·ationo(bo,h luu! H.",hoil,h.headof manand,h. gloty of woman Ind ,he hu.baodof,he (hu.ch-wha, kind of crown! It wal mlde from thornl and thiltlu. They llood 11 a .ymbolofthe.in llhalthelOiloflheflub b,ough,for,hfo.ulbu,tha"b.poweto( ,h.cro....mo¥.d.blun.ing.v..)".tlnSo( du,h "need... hud o(,h. Lord bor. iu pl'n.And"""ide,h~lymbol.w,"",.,
mind.d.lloofth.uornfv.l.bu ••. th.degra· dat,onlnd th. "il.n.... of hi. C.llel ,orm.n · '0'"O" THEC ..OWl< 14.]. " Mu .. "." O . THB
Cvaul. CH~rsOSTO":
Ikholdth.reminde .. oflh.cu.u:thornlit willl>nng fofth. h''''Y'. lnd ,h;.des 10 I. '0 Il'¥. nU 10 PUt llbo. and dil.comfo ... lnd [ ,,·ill.nlun' you pUI ,h. "'hol.'im...."h plin 10 tha. ,hil <xp~.,~nco ma)" pro¥•• buk~ on you'g.ni ngidelllboveyou.lu.ion.andy"" may inllead havo a Iho"gh,loyou, own mlk.llpandn.vcrl~ .. n""u,o""d.ce,vedin thes.ma"e". "YOll are .., ea,oflhegrallofthe field. In ,h •• we., of you r b"""mal' you elt your · b.. Id.:Seeho"·lft.rhildilOb.di.nc ..... ry_
youin,o.hc world. h. is aaying. wutha'r"u ,houldliveyourlif.withou,!""inor.oil,diffi· cultyorlw.... and.h .. yoll,hould""'na "ate ofenJ"ym.nt Ind p'OlPf'''ty.lnd nor"" , ubjcc. 10 Ihcnudsofmcbod,' bu, ""f.« f.omal1.lIchlndh .... th.goodfortune,o upc.ien ecc"mplete freedom. Since. howe¥er, l uchindulgcnc.wuofnobenefi lloyoc. occord",glylcllrlelh.g.oundlothll"",m no.infv.turc y,c1d,uh ..."estuNfo•• wilh oU'lilhngandplOvcconunu.algui
P$.U'>O·
M.e .. u "" Adam was created pur. by God fo,hil..,.v"•. All,helec.utu'ClweregwOH to him 10 Ie.v. h'm. He wu dunned 10 "" Ih. 10.dandkingofallerea,urc.,Su,whcn.he ev;l ... ordClme,ohimlndeon¥cr..,d ..·;th him. h. firlt rec.iv.di"hrough Inuternal hu,ing.Thc n"p
-"(;\\' 11_1. ,"" "PMfSH,!
"K~S .
UPG ll d"',K1. ,~
ODORSTopCn: 6 •• ausc rhc devil w .. envi· ou •• ndthewom.nw.. gullible,hum.nkind w•• imm.di."'lyca.. ou,ofp.r.disc.h .... u made .o walk .he ve.y ear.h from which Adam hadju .. been neated. inheriting.wea., toil .nd hardlabo •. Alongwi.h Adam,thc c.cth . nd all living.hingsthat followed wer •• ub· jc".dtoevil,beingr ••"ain.dlike .horsc that i. bridl.d. Fot.inc. Adam did not use goodjudgm.ntduring.he.g.ofparadi.e~
an ag. whkh wa. fr.e from .orrow and pain-hew •• join.d.oadvcrSi.)".Throughhis suff
ver)" punishment h. abo d.mon .....ed hi. 10v~fo,u$.Hebound.ina n dd ... h .ogether when he gave the b,,', placing th •• inn.r und.r puni.hmentofdeath.Andye.he ordcred thing,in . uch a wa)" that the puni.hm.nt mign.ini ..elfs.rv.th'f:0alof .. h· •• ion.For d ••• hb.ing.abou".para.;onfrom.hislif. .ndbringsevilwork<.oanend.ltS.t$u.f... f.om labor , sw ••• and pain. and cnd. the . uffcringofthc bodr.Thu. the Judg. mix •• hi. lov.fo.uswithpuni,hmcnt.ONTHBINC""· NATtON OF THI loRD 6.,." Gon DO HS NOT l .. po SB O ...T H 0" An ....
.. "n EVE. A .. uou: Still anothcr problem ari .... ·From wh ••• ourctdiddca,h tOm. TO Adam! Was it from ,h e nature ofa trec of thi •• o" ora"ually f,om God,' Ifwc aacribc thi . tothcnatureofth e tr .. ,th.nthefrui.of thi . " .....rn, to b•• uperio·.o.h. "h'if)"lng pow",ofth:bre.. hofGod."n:ci .. f,ui. would iJave drown in.o cicath·. ,oil. him on whom the d,vine breath had b."owed lif•. l f wem.inuinth.:Gocii , the re.ponsibl,
cauleofd.ath,th.n we can be beld.oaccuse him of incon.iSlen')'. Wc SUrn'O ,le"". him ofbcing 00 d"void ofbencficcncc as to be unwil1ing to pardon when he had the power to do 0<, or ofb.ing power!u. ifhe wu unabl. to forgi "e. Lc. us •••. th.rcfor •. how thil 'lu.st ion can be rcsolved. Thc.olu.ion, unle .. lammistaken,liesinthefa"rhat $inc.di.ob.di.nc. .... asth.cau •• ofdcath. for.hat v.ry r.Uon no. God bu. man him· .elfwu ,h.'gen' ofhi,own death. If,fo, cxarnpl.,.physicianwero,op ••• cribe.o. p.ticnt what h. thought Ihou ld b. avoided, .ndifthepa.i.n.felt.ha.theuprohibitions w",eunn<cu.a'j",th.phY lieian i. not .espon.ibl.for thcpati.nt'.de.th.Surclrin th.,c •• eth.pa.ienti.guiltyofcausinghi$ o .... ndea.h. He n.. God as. good phyoici.n forbade Adam to wh •• would beinjuriou$ to him. P.. RAO . . . ?JS. "
ea.
HUM .. N FUS H DOBS NOT P u"s " Co .. · PLIIT~u.O.'(laN:OU.ncsh inoe.di.con.id· eredb)"th.uncducated.ndbyunbeli.v....o p.ti.h .ocompl.telyaf•• rd ....,h,ha.no.hing wha ••".rofiu .ub"anceis left. W.,how.v ... who believe in its re.urr.ction. kno",that death onl)"Clu.... andi,reotored.o life again at a d.finite tim e by th. w;ll ofits Crutor and on.. mor.undergoe. a ttan.for· muion.\Vh .. ",asa.firstflesh, · f,omth • earth,.m.nofdust;'· and",a.thendissol".d tnroughdea.handagainm.dedu... nd .. he.-for"dustyou.r.;i.i . written,".nd un.odu".hallyoureturn"_i,rai •• dag.in from .h. utth. Afterward., as the merit> of .i>:indwellingooullhalld.man.:, th.perlOn
t,
I
.dv.ncurotbcgloryof.api.iru.lbody." Ot< F,UTP"'t
II.
goncin,or".carth.took.nearthlrbodl',... t he might carryi,r.i •• d upfrom .... h 10 h.aven.Andlhc u ....ioninlhel .... th •• th c higbpr;elli .cl"th.d"",ith.li ntntunir·,,,n· uin.th,.mr ..ery.Bu •• h .. i,.ddcd"co ..... crarcd·mu.. no,bch ...duIUpc.f1uolU.For .h,".unic·,h.. wu ,he f1uh or Ch.ill "·u ·con•• cr...d:ror; ...... .. oteoncclv.df.om .h.sccdormanbu.begc"tenorrh.H"ly Sp;ri .. HO"'LIBSO" Lmv1T,,;u59.~.)."
3:20·21 GOD CLOTHES ADAM AND EVE WITH GARMENTS OF SKIN
»rh.
.b.
m~n ull.J !,i. ",if" ..am. be.'· bUA .. « "'~$ rb. morhrr of IIlIli~i"g. l' And rh. Loan God mild. for Ad"m And for hi. "'if, gArmenfl of ,kin,. ond clolhed rh.",.
OV'. V"W: Th.nh.o ,h. knowledg. ",i. h whIch Ad.m "·U .ndow.d by GocI. h. wlI
inn""cncc.nd,mmon~hlJ·· anddu e'othc ..
.bl"ogi~.n.mtlfirltto.Urhean'm.ll.nd
T.... ). The.. gum en.. of ok,n an a .ymbol of .hemorlahlytha'Ad.m"cClv~dbccau •• of hi •• kinandofh"f•• illJ··whichcamcfrom .heeorrupt ionof,hefl •• h(O .. Hll".GIUGO"Y OF NuSA) .
,hen.o Ev. (E..u.....). Ev . . ..·ho ,nlu.tcd tr.n.grcu ion .... ucaJl.d·Lifc·bcca" ••• h. wa.giv.nr •• ?On.ibiliryforthe.uccu.iono€ ,ho •• ",hoc.me.oblf,h (CU5HIi ..,o,ALU· ...,.".... ). Th. ~armen .. of .kin "'~n prob.bI~ "u.~d by Go
pridelhe y .~cel~edgumen"o("""' ( AuGu5'
A D AM F."TOPU"~UBKNO"'·UDGL. EPH .....
TIUS" .. ,A":
I
Wilhlhalmanifulknowledg. which God gave ro Adam. whcreby he gave nam...o Eve .nd,olh.,,, imol., Goddid reveal di"'ovcriu of'hing"ha,wercconccaled: bu"n,hec... e of,ha,hidd.nknowledvfrom,hc •• oudownw ••d, Adomw•• oblc.op ..n ... .nquiry,n.oali Ihll ll w"h,n.hi.univ..... HYMI<SO" P" ..... ols',.. ' 6.'
,,0,
,h.
EVI b C"LLIO 1,. ' 0$. CL''''Iocam •• obirrh and "nn.d. Sh. Ih ... became mOlhcroflh. righ ..o.... ndunrightco .... lik •. Elchon.of .... how. h,m.clf.obej ... torwillf.. ll)'r.n. d. uhi m. elfdi.obedi.n<.ST.".. n.,sJ.6s.,'
3,21 God C'or'm Ad~ ... . ".1
"'.deathof"'eirownbo
"'af
E~.
TH s G ...... "Ti"FSI< ,NC ....T.o . TG" o. E~H .... TH~ ST.' ..", W... th.H glrmen .. from.h •• k,n, ofanimait!Orw.", ,be}' c",' 0,.<1 lik. ,h •• hi.d •• and.ho.n • •hat w.", cr.· lI.d.fle
Til l G......,.U OF 5" ..... S ....OLOF MO ..TA. Ll TT. 0 ..", ... : I. iI ...id ,ha, God mad •• hol< m;.. rabl. gannenlJ ... "h wh,.h ",.fi",rnan",.. doth.danerh.haalln"ea. '1'<>. Goa made .kin tun; .. an d clothed Ad,m an
... iUdrc •• youwichagarmcncofincorrupcibil,rylo.ha,·your.hamemlync~Ctapp"' ''lnd
·,hal wh., i. motul may be owaUow.d up by lif..... Ho .. 'lI uo .. 1..VITICIls6.:.'.' 0"01011 .. NO 0 1 011. G".GORY of Nnu: In me .. me .... y, when OUr n.ture bccomulubject,o,h.di•• quilibrium.nd p.ro~y.mofdi.otdc«dp ... ion.,itcneoun · ..",ho.. condi.ion • •h.'ncc.... rilyfollow • hclifcofthep:utiOIU.Butwhcn;.rc.u,n. • glln.omebl<»cdncu oflnotdcrcdcmotivc lifc, .... iIl nolongcrcncou nterm econ.., · '1u.ncc. ofcYil.Sinc.wh •• e~.rw ... . dd.dlo hum.n naturc from Ihcirr•• ional life wao no, ;nul bcforchumanilyfcUin.opau;on.wc .haJl also lcavcbch",d all chc condi,;ono that Ippc.talong w;,hp.u,on.lflm.nwcaring' rlggtd runIc should bc denuded nfhilg.rmcnc, he would nn Inngtc' ... on h,m.clflhc
3:22-24 ADAM AND EVE ARE EXILED FROM THE GA RDE N OF EDEN
llTbtn Ibt Loan God illid. "Btbold , Ibt mlln' bQ J buomt liltt Ont of ul, .It.no ....
o ,·.. V' ."~ God l~mpoon. Ad~m wh~n h. u ,·I. ·H.i..... bccom. lik.on. ofu •. know'ng Af..r .n".inAdam
goodand~v;I· ( EpHl\fi .. ).
conc'l\"u kno"i.dg
nave. but nc doc. no:lolC Ine kno"'led1f 0'goodthl: he Ilrcldr had (JOH Nc..U ' .. N,.
Ewen .hough .he .ree of which Ad.am and Eve u.lGu"., ... j . The cherubim. whom God placulnp"rad,uulheSU"rdof.hctruof life"cprcunuthc-fullncu ofknowl.dgc: whilcthcturnlng. wo.d.ignillel .hc".emporal puni,hm.n," (AUGuST, ... j. Th. chcrubim bclongto.hchighcl1hiul.chicalo.dc. (PsI UDO·O'ONVS,ul). Chru,remov.:d.h. .wordfrom Ih.en.ryrop.radtH (EPH ..... ). The flame by which the ch.rub.m bloc:kcd the cnlrym,op •• ld' •• ,luttngul
whe.us in.wity.hcy wouLd tas,e only uil. Forrheglorywi.hwhich.heyhadbcen clo,hed pauitd Iway from them , .... hiLe plin anddi.ulOthllhldbe.nk.pl ..... yfrom them nOw Clme.o hold ' way Over Ihem. Co ..., II>< G.><1I5.S ~.J4.1·~" A" .... Do.. NOT Lo •• H .. KN<:>WUO". OF GOOO.JOH .. C.OSsl ....:Andh<:>w .... i1I.h.a, £...,.m.n,of,hcl<>rd .... nd •• fr ...h.alnof .h. fir" mln:"B.h<:>ld. Ad.am i£ become lik. One ofu •. knowlngg<><>lLr'gnorant of good. O.herwin." mtU."oc .dmiucd .h.. h. ,,"Ucrcatedlikcani.rationalandnnnleu anim..J:andlhl''''1uite ai>£urdlndf",clgn,a .hc Carh<:>llC f.i.h. No .... hcr... ccordlng.a th. pronouncemen.of.hemo.twIKSoLomon, -God made m.n righ,:' . ha, 1£. ' 0 cnJoyc<:>n. ,inually,heknowlcdg.ofgood alon •. Bu•• he), .ough.m.ny,haugh".$orh.,. ..cr. m.d •.•• i,,,·uuid,"kn<:>"·lnggood.nde.il.-Afr.r,he fall,rhercfo •• ,Adam conceived a knowl.dgc of c.il , wh,ch hedld have. But h. did 10lC .heknowkdgeofgood.whicbh.d,dh••c. Co........ eE).lu·~.·
'0
no.
Go" L.... ,.oo ... A" ..... E~H .... THI Sy.· I.... : God lald,-Ikhold. Ad.m hu become lihoncoful.knowinggnodlndcvil."Ev.n .h<:>ughbyuying."H.hube,omelikeoM<:>f u, : h"ymboli"Ur·evcal •• heTrin;ty,.he po,n, 11 .a.her ,hat God WIJ moc:king Adorn ,n tha, Adam had p.cvlously bc.n ,old:rou willb<>d .• nd '''er nUr, abau,evilonlrbrnearu,..Af... ,h·r"' howcv.r.lch.ns·oc:curred.o.hllnaw,hey wouIOonl)· h.u.b<:>utgoodbr r.Clu.. r
no.
TH .. DBV1LLI>l51 .. P.<:>.. " . .... TH ..TT H ~ T ..... G.vu K"<:>WL. DCB. C HkTSOSTO .. : It i. now necClury'o uy wh,.. even though man didno,.cce •• ethcknowl.dg.f.om,herrc •. " ilc.Ucd-.herre •• h"giv.. ,h.knowlcdZ·of goodandc.. i!r fo.i.i, no:atr;n.tolcarn wh), .. ,,..huluchan.mc.lnfac.thedcvil uid."On.h.d.)"whenrou .... of,he fru"af .h.. " •• . v<:>u,eyc, will be opcncQ Ind you will bclikegod • . knawinggood.ndevil."' H",,·
10
can you mainuin , you uk me, that it did not provide him with the knowledge of good and evillWho.aid ,in fact ,thOl irprovidedhim withthi.knowledgeiThedevH,youwill • n,wer.Sodoyoupu,for,,·.rd.he .u.imony of the ene my.nd the con'pirarot' The d.vil .. id,"You wi!1begod.:Did.hcyrully bccomegodsiTherefore.since . heydidn<>< bccome gods. they did no. tocoivethe knowl. edge ofgood.nd ev il.i.htr. For.hc devil isa harandneverspuk • •hetru.h.lnf'CI.he GOlpcl say •. "He never "'y' in.h ...u.h:'
belowrhefoo
Ao .... P IlO .. E"T ' '''''OF THE TIlIIII OF L' PE.EpHU" TH BSYIl''''<' If Ad.mh.dtuhly.a.enfromthetrceof knowledge he w.s commanded nor.out.ho,,· much f.oter would he ha .. en to thettee oflif. .bou, which h. had not becnso command.dl Bu,i,wunowdecreed.hatthey . houldliv. ;n toil. in sweat. in pains and in pangs. Therc fore. le.. Adam and Evc .•fterhavingutcn of thi, .. ct. live forever and remain;n eternal liv", of suffering, God forbade rhem.o eat. aftcrthe),wercclothedwirha,urse. th., wh;chhehadbcenprep.redtogive.h.m ...forethej·in,urred ,h.cu ....ndwh.n.he)' we .... illclothdwi.hglorr·Co .. MEt
3:23 God
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PARAD'U.
AUGUST'''t,"Andlhen.le"Adamstrctch forth his h.nd fO ,he trct oflife.nd live forever. God dismined him from paud;se: It is wellpu,."h~di.mi .. ed:andno t"heex_ cluded:so tha,h. migh • • eem.o be drawn down by the ",eight ofhi. OWn 5in. to a place th., ,ui .. him. A bad man generallr uptri_ enc.. ,hi. wh en he begins fO livc among good men.ifh.isunwilling.ochange for theb., -
HO"'L'ESON GENESIS 7.'
!Cr.Heisdrive~ftomth.
men by th. weight of hi' bad h.b,: .• nd ,he y do no, exclude him ag.in .. hi. will but di.mits him in accord.n« with his wilL Two B OO KS ON G tH tS'S AGAINST T H E M .. N
3:24 Tb. Cb. ru bim .. "d" Fla",;,,: Sword T H E C H ~ R1J"" .. NI> THE S WORD . AUGUS_ T, .. e: "Godpl.cedcnerubimand.flaming Iword that mov .. "-thi. could b •• aid inthe oneword",,,,,.bl.-",oguatdtncwarto.h. , ... of lif.: Thol. who tr.n.latc ,h. Heb ..", word. in Scr;p,ur
Evefrom tb.
G"rden GOD B..... ,S .. IIDA D.... "IlOMT HBG " 'DIt<_ EPHREMTHESVRlAt<: When Adam ,'nned God CUt him forth from paradise. but in hi. graoo he gramed him ,he Iow ground beyond i: .
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uri.r)·.lriscall.dflamingb.caus•• ve·r l •ib . ulationbUTnssome howorolh.r.Buriti , on e thing to be bu,ned un,il ron.um.d.anoth.rto b. bu,ned until purifi.d. Two SOOKS ON GBNUtsAG .. tNSTTfuMuIIC H.. It .. NS
ou"ha. throlIgh ,hc ",atcr of ,he b",h of rebirth, ,h~ fliduing flam r -by which .h. cherubim gua rd ian blochd the enlrr intopa,' Idi.c wh.n ,h. firs, Adam wa •• xpeUed-
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outwi.hhi.wif•. havingbc.nconqlIeredby hi • • n.m)·.• h.rc rh.o rhet might rcturn with hi • • polIJ«I1amcly• •h.chur
O~ THE CHIIIlU"'M IN TH" CIIUSTl " ~ H I . R" RC H ~. PuuOO·DtONY· S'U" The name ,b
TH" POS ITION
C "~UT'ALH''''A ''C H'BS7. 10SB·20SC.''
C HR.ST HA S R" MOVBD TH" F~"M IN <) SWO RD . EPHRB'" TH~STIl'A": Bl.... di.h. who "'as pie".d and so rcm"v.d ,he sword fromrh.enrrr,oparadis •. Hn''' so ~·P...... · OIS~
wOlIldb.cer'i ngui.h.d.\Vheretheon~"'cn'
THIlGosPlul.r~. "
MAaTTIlDoMA5A WuTHJl OV<)KT HI C KBa".'M AND TH IISWOllO. O R'<)EN ThroughOlIt martyrdomJuu s is wi.h rou 10 .howyouth. ","y.othcpa,adi •• ofGodand how you may p... throughth . cherubim and th. flaming.word.ha, tu,ns.vcr)· w.y and guard,th. war 10 th. tree of life. For both . evenif ,hcrguard th .warl opaulhrough", .he. ,eeoflif• . gua.ditJO,ha,nooneunwo.· 'h r mar lurn ,hat way I" pas. th.olIgh toth. ,rc."flife. Th. flaming sw"rd will h"ld fasl Iho •• ,.,h"haveb uilllIponthefoundotion rha,i. laid.Je.u.Ch rin . withwood.haror . tta .... '· andrh~woodofdcnial.ifl mar call;, th •• , which cI"hufirc very euilr and burn, all .he more . BUllh.chcr ubimwillrcceive Iho.e whobr naturc u nno,b.hcldbr ,h. fl.ming.word.becalIle ther hlv.bui!t with no.hinglhat cancarchfir• . Th.ywiUescot! ,hcm.o.hetrecof lift.: and.o all.hetre • • God plan,.d in ,h. a"d made.ogro,,· ou, of .h.ground.ExHoo.TATtO,,"TOM ... Tyo.OOM
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4:}·7 CAIN AND ABEL BRI N G OFFERINGS TO T HE LORD
' Now Ad"m knew Eve his wife, and ,he (o nrtived and bor< C"i". '''yi''g.·' h"ve gOlw,! ~ ma" with Ih . help of the Lon>.· 'A" d "g"i". ,h. Itore his brorher Ab.1. NOli' Altt! was" h epe. of ,hup. "nd Cain " tiller of Ihe gro un d. " n Ih e (o urse of rim. Cain brought 10 Ih . LORD a" offering of the fruit of the groun d, · .,nd Abd bro~ght of rh. jirsrli"gs of his flock ""d of their fa, portions. A"d the LORD h"d regard for Abd "lid his offering, 'but for C"i"
""d his offering h. h"d no regard. So Cai" was very ""gry, ""d his COIlIlItIl"n" fdL ' Th e Lo~o said ID Cai". 'My are yOIl a"gry. a"d why ha s yowr counun"na fall e,,! ' If JOII do wdl, wil! JOII liar b. ""'pud! And if JOII do 1101 do wrll. ,in is couching at tb. door; ifS d.,jrrisfaryall. b~lyou mll,rmaSferir. "
O"~."' BW' Whil ~ Chrysoslom argu~s Iha< Ih.r.wuno< THE NEW THEOLOecauseh. kno"'s ilia: ni , heu:" wick.d (OR I (:~" ,. Cain '. COUnl.nanCe r.l1 when hi. offering " ... r.j ••,.d.nd hi s broth.r'. ,.. •• acc.pt.d (CH R" SOSToM j. The first sin of C.in i• • nvy fo, nlJ;
broth er Abel. Ca in T~fuscs God ', . ugg~S!ion ,odobetterwilhanewoffering (CHIU''-OS' TOM. EPH""M ).
4,1 · 2 Tbt Birth. ofC"in "nd A& d AOAM K .. ~ ..· E .. ~. CHUSOSTO"': After hIS di. obediencr. af'er Ih~ir loss of Ihe garden . ,h.n i,waslna'th.practiceof in,~rcou ..e hadiub'ginning.You .e•. bdor.,heird ... obedience ,he)' followed 0 life likr ,h.t of angel •. and th«. "'•• "0' m~ntionof inte , coUrs •. HOMIL1I!SONGENU'S .8.• : : CA'N \V.... CoNC."·." BIJC .. us lI AOA'" T"""'BD H IS Lov. '1"0 V[SI.I. . O .' BC"'~' SYMEOO< T H ~ NI'" T HloWC1AN: Since Ado", had been blind.d in rh . efes ofh" ,oul and had fallen fTom thr lif. imperi.habk he b.gar. ,0ioo~wi,hi". phy",
le
yi,;onofbi ,cye. on .. isibloobj.c.. with.ffcc. 'IOn.,cdeain.nd"knewE... hi. wifc. and.h. concclvcdandbo.cC.in."Suehknowlcdri, in ruli.yignor.n<eofallgoodn.... for had h. nOt fit$' fallen from th. knowlcdg.and con· ,.mpla,ion of God h. would no,h .... bc.n brought down.o.hi.knowlcdgc. 0'5 ' (OUUU ' S.':
M ....."NG O.TH~ N ..... C.. , "'. AUGUfn ... : No.ctha"hcn.m.c..inmuRI"own... hip: wh,chnpl.u'lwh""·asnid.,,he,im.of h"btrlh brhi , f.. h.rormo,hcr:1 ha ... come ,n.oposs.slionofamanth.oug:hGod:C'TY O.GOD'p;. '
AnL Sn• • ouzu Tlt E CITY OF GOD. AUG UST'NE' Cai n was followcd br Abel. who "·U kill.d by hi,b ro,h ••• nd Hr .. cd as th. r.m proph...c Iymbol of the C"yofGod.H. wulik •• nali.nonu.th,4·..incdto,uffc. cr,,~1 p~ .. ccudon' at ,hch.nd.ofth.wickcd ",cnwhocanp.ope.lybccaUednattv•• of urth bccau ,~ ,h.y lo~. ,h LS world u th ... ho",~andfind .b~i.happ,ne u ,n .h,wo.ldly f.hci:y<>fthe .. rthly'ity.C'TYQ~GOO
of.h~fruiuofthcClr.handAbcJof.h~fi,Jt.
ling.ofhilfloclu. Weans....,rthu,hecon. cI.";on'obcduwnfromi'i',h.....crifini, a .. eryancientcunom,bceaulCourtrucand ne ,.dBook, wa,nu" h .. iti'RO ...,bc offered ncept,olheonctrueGod.Bul God doel Ro,needncrificu.ui. mOltdearly npr~".d in .h. ume ... cr.d BookA,"[ u id .o.h.lo.d,.houartmyGod.{o"houhan non •• dofmygood.:' becauu,naccep"ng or rdluingo.rcc.iy,ng.hcm ho .. lool.. ng only to man'. good. God dou no. ci
AnLC HoOUI Hu Of'III, NO' WITH C ..... E.H ..MTH .SYI.. AN'Abtl,,· •• ver)· di"crninginhi, choic.ofoff."nll,·wherca, C.in,ho...dnoluchdi ..c.nmcn •. Abcl 1.ICCl~d and off.nd .h. cho,,,,, .. ofbisnn.· bo,n.ndofhi , f.,on ••. whil.C.in.i,h. , off.,.dyounggr.in.o.c....'nfrui .. ,ha' ... founda,th.",me.im.uth.yo"ngll··,nl. E.. cnifhLSoffc.ingh.dbten.mallerlhan.hat ofhtsbro,her.i,wo.,ldhavcbccn • • acccpt · abl....heofferingofhi.bro,he •. h.dh.not b.o .. gh'i'wi.h,uchcar.I ... n.... Tb.)·mad • •hcir offering, ahernatclr' on. offered a l.",b ofhi,fl",k,.h.o.hcr,hcfrutt,of .h.carth. B."bcca",eCainhaduk.nl"chlittlcn~ard
GOD 01,111 NOT NUl> S.. u .•• ,,;u. AUGU~' TIS": [The p.gan< la)', "Th.Ch""ian,]cen· ,.,re theccre",on'~.of,.criflcc • •h ....ttml. ,nccnseand the r..,.wh,ch ... u,.d in tcm · pl.worship,r.tth...... e .. nmonicsof,ac· .ificc werco"ll,natcdby.h.mHj"",o.by '''cgodri,.)'"",roh,p.,np"mLttvc"m ... wnen·8od,,·a,a .. umcd.c necdthciroR'..· ,ng' of first fr u, .. :Thi'<jU"l,ion i,e vidcnrlr d.C1".
fo.,hcr.ro,off."ng.harh.off•• cd.God dtoaccepltt,nordc •• OIUchC.>nho.' hc ..·.. tom.k •• noff.ring. CO .... I"'T.. lYO~· GaNlSlS ~.~., .'
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w;ckcdnu,didnotb,ginwbcn"ckillcdhi, brothcr.ForcycnbcforethatGod,whoknow, thc"un,hadno rcgard for Cain and hi.uc.ifkc. Bu,hi.bucnu. was made cvidcn, w"cn"ckilledAbcI.ONP""Tuallola.'
,·& COU'!1· ... A ..CI FaLL.C.....nO$To.. ,
C ....
n ••• Wc" ,wo •• uon. for hi•• nnoyance:
nO'J\lJ •• hat".,alonehadbccn,.j.c •• dbu, al"".ha,h"b.-o,hu·'gifthadbccnacc'p,cd. HO."UuoNGH .... ".a.lI.' C ... .. ·.ANGBI..E.H ..... T ... SV .. ' .....:Ca'n ,,·uang'rbcca\lJc,h.offumgofhi,bro.hc, had bun accep .. d. Ca,n becamc.ngry on accoun,of,he r.rc ,ha, had com. down and dildnzu"hcdbcrwccn rheoffe.ingl.H" fau bccamcgloomybccauKlhcrcwul.ughlcrin .hceyc,of hupa.. n .. and hill, .. crswh.n hi. off..ing ...... '.j.ct.d.n.y had oc.n that C.in·.offcnnghadb-«ttplaccd ,n.hcmido.or th.r.rc,ndy.tth.r. .. d idnot.ouch".COM' .. iNT ....TONG ... UIS).}.) ...
if You Do W ILL, W ,u You NOT BI Acc • .,TaolCHUSOSTO":God "".hel10 def..sc.hc .... ildfr.n%yandrcmov.thc.ngcr brmun.ofhi.word •. Yo ......... ob... v.d tb.uagc.ofC.in·• •hinkingand,co.lludth. ""·ag.ryofb"dcadlymten"on;",,h.,n.cnd. a•• hil urly .. ag •• olcdatchi • •hinkingand br;ngrepo.c,oh"mJRdbypl.cmg hi. bro.h.,.ubJeClloh,mandno... nd.. m,n,ng h" ...,ho",)·.Bu,.v.nd.'p"•• uchg,ca,con· ccrnand ... chpo,cn.rcm.di ••. Caingaincd
'Cain said 10 Abd "is hOI".T, "L.I us go OUI 10 I"C field .... And whcn Ihcy wtn in rh. fidd. Cain 'e>S< up ag4illll his b,Olhtr Abe!. 411.1 killed him. ' Then Iht LORD said 10 Cain, "Mrrt i, Abtfyou. b,olbt.?" H. 14id,"1 do nOI kne>w: am I my b,orbt, 's kupt.?" '~Alld tbt LORD IlIid, "M41 hA~t you don.? Tht ~oirt elf you. b.Ofh.r's blood il cTying 10 mt from Iht g.ownd. "Alld nOli' you aTt cu.sedfrom Iht g.o und, which has opentd ilS moulh to ,tcri"tyoll.b,orb.r', bloodf'e>m yu.h4nd. Il Menyollli/llht.tTOWlld, illhaU nolollgt. yiddloyo u ilJslTtnglh:yow l"e>Ubt IIfugitiv. and 11 w4ndtrt. On l"tta,lh.""C4in laid 10 Ih. LORD, "My puni,hmtn, is gfta, •• than 1 (an btaf. "Btbold. thou hllll dri"tn mt Ihil day away from th. g,ound: and f Tom ,hy fact I shall be hiddtn: and I Ib,,1I b. "fwg;ri~t and 4 wllnd"., 011 I"t .1I.,h, II nd W"Ot"., finds mt wiU sl4y mt." UThtn ,,,. LORD s"id fO b'm, "Nor so!' If ""J Ollt IIAJS C"in, ~tngtallct ,",,11 ht ,,,Iltll 011 h,m 1t~.lIfold.· And Ih. LoRD pUla mQf~OIl C4in .lt$! Ilny wh o CUlt upon "im Iho uld kill him.
OV ....VIBW I C"n buorn., ., rnurd~r~. by hi. o.... n.vil wil! (Sn •• o .. 'H. NEW TH.OLOO,.... ). Th. mludo"" of Abtl un bt undo,.. ood as a prmgu.ingof.h.pau,on orJu", (s....). Af,~. th~ murd~r God '1ue"")II, C.in wilh .olici,ude rolha, h~migi" rcp-ent,buICain .how. no rcp-en,anu (EPHIlDI ). H~ Imaginu ,ha, ht mal· hid~ h .. Cf1m~ f.... m God ( S"~V"'N 'H~ PUSBTTU.). Th~ inn""en, blood'pill.d by Cain CTle'Ou' nO' br word. bu,bri .. v~'rcxi.,~nce ( M.u:,,,usOf'Tu-.JN) . Th ll inn""~nl blood.!.o 'ymboli1u the blood of .he manr" (O-.JGIl>I). The puni.h· men. impaled on Cain rc.ull God ·, g.eat fo,buun« (CHII.TSOSTO") and m~rcy fOl the mll.d.... (CY-.J~OF JUUfA.LDI). Coin recelVu a mar!.: .o .hot no on. mlgh. kill h,m. Thllll •0 Indica, e.ho,.,·ili.no,delt,oye
C.in, like
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4:8C.iIlKiluAbtl C.""·iEvl~
WlLL.ST .. EO .. THRN ....·THIO·
~OG,AN,\VhrdidCainbtcom.aframcidel
Wu" no. by hlleyil willl H. prrre"ed h,m · .elf 10 hi. Cru.o. and fonow~d afr .. nil .hough"and ,obocam,.b.ndone
Ho ..· 'HO K,LLING O~ A .. ~ P.. u IGu.n PUSlON 0' CHIU ST. BIOI: Som~ "nd~"land Ihe murd~rer Cain u th~Jcwl·lack offai.h .... ekilhngofAbtluthcpauloOnofthe Lo,d and $.av,o,.and"'. ur.h Iha, "P"ned " • mou.h and ,e cei~ed Aber. blood from C,in·, THI
hand u .h e ch urch (which receiv.d. in ,ht mystery of ill renewal, ,h. blood ofCh.u, poure
4:9- 10 AIo.I ', BI""d Criosfro," rh Gro .. "d GOoG,vIIC .. , .. THI Pon ' I TLlT T TO RIPB .. T. E,.HI.I .. TH,Sy ......,Godappea ..d .0 Cain wi,h kindn .... 00 ,ha,ifh. r.p.n .. d. •h •• in o{mu.d" Ih., hi . I'l ng... had commi,· ,.dmigh,bedTa«dby,hecompunctionon hll Lip •. lfhcdid not •• pcn',h ....... vct•• h • .., wouLdbcd"..,.donh,mabi"trpuni.hmtn, In proponionmhi.eviL foUr,CO",,,,, .. TAU ONGINU,,}.6.,.' C .. , NR •• ".II TO R . .... Y.E.HI.I .. YH. SU.'41'"Bu.C.inwuI'lU.dwi,hwra,h instead of compuncllon. To him who know. all.whoukcdhimai>ou,hi.b.othct , no.d., . owlnh,mhack.ulntuo.. cdangrilrand uid."l do nOl know. am I myb.oth .... kc.pc.!· ... VJhu.h.n would you"y. Cain' ShouldJumcetak. v.ngun« fo. ,h. bLood .ba.crl.do".toitfO.no.!Didi.no,ddayoo tha'youmigh.rcpcn.!DidJlIl.iccnotd,,· ,an ccillelffromiuownknowl.dg•• nduk yo" ... ifitdidno.kno.·.Joth"youmlgh, confoul\Vha ....... id 10 you did no. plca.. YOu"oyoll came", Ih •• 'in 10 which it had wamed yOIl bcfo.,hand nOt tocome.Co .. "BNT.. uON GINlSIS).6,':).7.1.' C .. , .. T HI .. '" H. M ..T CO"... H .. C ..... , . SAL"'''''' YH I P RunflR: Cain wu al oner Th.mo""·lCkcdandfoolllhof m.nlnb.liev. Inj:(ha:fo.commi",nj;,hcg.u.eJ.of, rome.
;twouldb-c . ufficientifh. avoid.do.h .. human wilnouto. ln f... God was .h. pit . mary wi.n"".o hIS f.... ri(ide. Be(au.. of Th ... l.hink h eThenlha.ed.beop,nionhcldby m.ny.od.)·: .h.,God p.y' no .... nllon.o canh ly .ffair., nei,h«do<:, h. &c •• ho.~ don~ by wicked men. Th... is no doubt ,hat CaIn • ..,h.nsllmmoncdhyth.wo.dofGodaf,.,h .. mi . d"d,.nsweTed.ha.h.k n,,,·nothingo( hi.b,otheT·.murdcr. Hebel ,u.dGod wu.o ,gnoran.ofwha.hadbcendone.h•• bo: .hough•• hlt mOI.dudly(nme (ollldbccoy' ... dbya lt c.8u,,,.urn.dou.othorwi.. lhan h •• hough,. WhM God cond.m n.d him , h • u:al,ud.ha, God .... hom h•• hough,had no, lun hi. 'rome of mllTder. had ... n h.m . Go", ... N""'CI Of GOII ,.6. ' I", .. OC . .. T BLOOD C., u OUT .T IT, V.u E...TRNC •• M .. x , .. us Of T"R'N: Th~ d,vIn. Scrip.u",alway.critJou.and'pc.ko;h.n« Godalso.ay •• o·C.in ."Th.voic.ofytlu. bro.hcr. blood (tie. 011' 10 m •. " Blood. ,obc 'IITC.hasnovo.. e,hu',nnoc.n,blood.ha,hu bc.n.pill.d ..... id,o cl"}·ou'no,brwo.d.bu: by;tlVCfr·X;."ncc,lhmah.jd.mand, of (h. Lord no, w;,hcloquen,dil-Cou ... bu, wi.h angerowcr.h.cTlmecomml".d.ltdoc.no, a",u .. . h. "'rongdoc,w"h word .... m"ch a. bind him by Ih •• ccusat ion o(h,.own con· Ki.ncc. Th. evil deed ma y ,eem .0 b. nOll,ed wh.ni'lSnplainedu,·ar wl,hwords.8111 ' : canno,bcncul.dif""madep",.. n:lo.ne conKi.nce.Forln.ilenccandw Lthou. con ..a. di ctlon.ht ... rongdocr,conJ(ienc •• h.-.y' convict. and Judge. him . SIl"'-ONS U .• •'
T HE B LO O D O~ A.IlL Sn'"OU:I; Il D T U II BLOOD Of TUBMA IlTU;S . O M.Cil<:We.l.o know .hat wha, 10.'" said of Abe!. when he wao .L.inbyth.widt.dmu,d.... (ain. i•• ui .. bL. for.nwhoo<:bLoodh .. b•• n.hcdwkkedL)·. Let Il, . uppos • •ha. t h. ver.. "Thevoia of yourbrothe"i bLo<>discrying.om.&om , nt ground " i, .. idaswcllforuchofthema .. yrS. ,h. voice ofwno .. bLood cri •• ",God from ,h. g.ound. EXHORTATtON ToMART ..... DO .. so.'
G O D ', S IlN TlNCIlIs L, G HT.Cnr.'LOfJU.IJS·
ALE .. : Do you. who hav. but La,clycom.to th.,u. chui •• wish ,o •• e ,he loving kindne .. ofGodl WouLd you "'· ant tob.:hold ,he Loving kindn ... ofGodaodtheuten.ofhi. forbe ... .oc.1 Li ... n to rh. "oryofICaioJ .... Cain. the fi rJloorn man. becam•• frllricide. from whose wicked d•• igoing. fi,", st.mm.d mll,· deca ndenvy.Y.,canlidcrni ••• n,.nc.fo, slaying hi. b,o. h.r."Groaning and trembling .halL you be upon .he.a"h:· Though the , in was g.Ut .• he senrence was ligh'. CATIlCHU· 'CALLfCTV"U~.;."
c.... "'.
T" B MA ..... OP A",uos~: Indeed. i, w.. notwi,houtre..on.hat.h.markw...., upon C.in.that no on e might kill him. Thll. it wa. indicat.d ,hat evil i. no. d....oyedot removed from the e.r,h. C. in ,,·.s . fnid rh .. ne migh,be kiU.d. becau •• he did no, know how to flee. Fo,evil i"ugmen,ed.nd .m ....d by the practic. of ,,,il,and i,ui ... wi.houtmod ... ,iono,limlt.fighu,hrough guile.nd dec.i, and i. reve.led by its deed.s .ndby,hebloodo(th.olain. evena. Cainabo w.. re.,...I.d..FLtGHT."O"TH~WORLD
GOp·SSO Ll CITU DB f O.. C.... "'.CHRYSOS· TO",: The punishm.nt "r wh ich G"d .pokt .e.m. '0 be ex« .. iveLy harsh.bll,rightl) und .."""di'gin. u• • gLimpseofhi.grcat solici.ud •. God wanted m.nof Later ,im .. '0 ..,erd••• eLf·con
7·J9· "
Ev .... S ," ..... 1s L' IU CA I N. A .. uou: Like • • la .. e. C.in,.c<:iv.d. mark,"dhe couldno, •• captd..,h.Thu.i.,h•• inn". .Iav.. ,or..t, •• lav.,od.. i... . . l•••• ogr..d, • sl ... e", lust . • • l.ve '0 'in . • sl .... '0 anger. Though.uch.m .. napp .... tohim.eJ((r ... h.is mo.. . . l.v.th.nifh.wtr."nd.. tyr.nu.LETTi~5TOP"'UTS S "' . "
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C .. , ... L"'IT ,, ~SII PB" T. CI,.ed hi. hand,narmed ......."h.ga,n"himand mined murd ... Hence, •• God . aid 1<> the Je rpent . ·C".,ed a~ you Myond.1I the wild anImal. of the .anh:,., to Cain tOO whcn h. cnmmltted the u.rn. evil u the "'1"'nl. H o .. ·
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C" 'N Co ...... u Too LATa. C HU50STOM SomlOOncm.y ... )"."fkholdhehucon fuacd, .ndconfcucdwlIhgrca'p.«uion"_butaU ,0 no.n.il.dur!ybclov.d:,h. confeuion (o mu ,on I"". You ne. hc. ho"ldha .. e done ,hi••, righ" ime when hewu in a po.i· ,;on to find mc,'1' from ,heJ"dge.Ho.uulS
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ONGINU ' S'9·j·"
IUUO ... G.NUIS'9 · 1I· "
4:16·22 CAIN AND HIS DESCENDANTS
IOTbrn C'Un ... r n' " ....., fro m Ihr prucncr of Ih. LORD. "nd dwd, in Ih. ialld of Nod, "
ral/'ofEd.n. "Cain "nr.. ' hil ....ifr. "nd lbt CGntti~td "nd 1>0ft Eno,h; .IId br b.. illl ClIJ' "nd {IIUtd Ihf ndm f IIf Ih, {il] IIfln lb. nlm f of hi' Ion. Eno{h. "To EnOlh ...."1 b~rll /r.O::' ;' and I.. d' wal Ihr fMhr. of Mr.huj".d.' "nd Mr .h ..j •. d' Ih. fdlbtr of Mr·lbulb,,·eI,' "nd Mt·lh.Ilha·e/' Ih, flllhrr of Lamuh. " Alld Lamuh loolt 1 .... 0 wwtJ ; Ih, nllm, of 11" ant Wil l Adllh. "lid Ibt ""mt of Ih, Olhtr Zillah. " :IllAaah 1>0 .. }abll!;" h, ..... , Ibt fllher of 11,0" who dwrU III trnll ,,"d b"~r ("llir. ll Hil brolher ', "amr WIl }.. bl/; ht WI I Ihr farbtr of Ill! IbOl( .... b~ pllly Ib~ IJ" and pip" " JJZi!I"h" boTt TubAI'{";n; H ht wa s Iht fo,g .. of .11 ,nHrUm,nll ofl>rlllu.nd iron. Tbt lilt" <>fTwblll,clli"u 111111 NIIAmAh.~
OV...VI.W' Ca in lU"~1 .he presence of Gni bccaLl" ofh .. "·1Ck.dn~1I (Ant ....."" ... ,). He
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.cpau,~.h,m.elff.omhi . k,n.hccaulehr
ICCO that ,he)" woula no, ,n,erma.,y ... IIh ;um (E...... uo ). Tnepla<....it••• h.g.,.•• naaweli;
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Nu.. NO D. CLI.UNT O. AUI4I
which .hctnn'gr • ....,rwlSupcll.dcon"n.d in faith. knowl.dg~. pc:ac~. Tho •• wi.. 11\ th.irown.ya ...... h.ppr'o ".n.fer lo.h. di .. .,rb.n€< of a.ou;ng •• a.Th.ydrop from Ih.knowlcdgcof.h.On. who kn"",. no b,nh.o ,he .~alm ofbinh ud dum. The" op,nion,ar.con".nd),£hanglng.STao· ....TH .. ~.S"4 ·S.' A,.,... c...' ... TH.F.... lLy SI(;.uo ~ D,v , O.D. E.HUMTH"Sn.......; Thue the fami[,~ • Oflh.lwobroth... h.d"patl«d: Cain WCDt off by hi""elf and Jived ,n the l.nd of Nod. aplacclow.rnill ,hanthltofSelh andEnoAh ; but ,ho.~ who hyedon hIgher groun.d. .,howcrecalled ·lh.childr~nof God:
ltftl heirow nregion .ndcamedown ,0 \.h",ive. from,h.daugh .... ofC.ondownbclo .... Hr .. "so>
T n" N..... Noo MLo.N . -"'''''';O U. ' NG.E.H.U' THK Sy., ..." Th~ land of Nod i. so c.lI~d because i, ....... Iheland in which Cain w.nd'f~d .....". in fur and .. embling. But ,h. land also "'C~IVed. second 01'0' when God uid."Wh.n rou till the earth It Ih.lI nO 10ngerr,eld {oyocn.orre nj!tr.:CoMMI><·
h ENOC;N C."N·, F'.IT SON! AUGUST'N!; ConJ idcr nO'" the 'ut,A nd C.i n kn~ ... hil ",;f~, and the conceived •• nd brought forth Enoch; and he built. d.y and call.d .h. name .h~..,ofbr the name ofh" ,on Enoch: It do..
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nI" a. all follow &om Iheu worw Ihat wc mUJ{bdicycC.in·. fi,,,.on wuEnocn ... ,hough·Cainkn.... hi. wi{e· mu"...,fu.o •ncirflro.inltrc(>uuc.l'(>uha"".hcoamc upreuionUI.do{.hcfir"fa,ncr.Adam.bu, no. only in r.r••enct.(>.h. concep.;on of Ca'n, ... ho .... m• •oh.vebc:.nh .. fi,,,born. ,ince a li . rl.la,crScr' p,ur ••• cord •. "Ad.m Ir:new hi. wift. and.h. conc.,,,.d and btough, f(>r.h"",,"ndcalledh .. nam.Suh:' C,TY oFG(>D'S.S.' C ... , .. BlII ~ DS A C ,n·. W H' U AUL BUILT NO .. B.AUGU5T' .. E:No,,·.tti.r.cord.d(>f C .. n.h., h.b .. ih. d.)'. whi)e Abc:l, ... though h.w."'m.rell'" pilg"mon .... h.buihnon. F(>t.h •• ru.d'l' 0f.h ••• intsi. inhuven. .hough he", onnt\h "produ,c. cuiuIU In whom ",,·ande.. ason. pilgrim.gc.h!'Ough ttm.look.insfor lhclr:ingd(>m(>f ... rnity. \Vhcnma,dal'comcs." ... illguhcr,ogt.hcr all,houwho.m'ng'n.heirbod ..... haUh. v• Ih.,I"n~domglVen'o.hem'nwhlCh •• long wuh.hc"PTlnre.thcK,nsofE.. mi,),.• hc), sh.llrClgnfottv... ndc,,
,p.' 4:18·22 r h.
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T H.S.'· ... G .... aAT 'O.. SOpC ... E~HU" THI SnlM;: Tha. Ca In remained ahv• .,n,;].he .. venlhgencr;,,"(>n .. dear. Fi .. ' ... . tth.db •• n.o".crcedc(>nccrn' ns him.S.cond .lhelengthof.h.liv•• of.h(>... fiutg.n.r."o ....loo,u,ificoloit.n.rifhi. fath.rAdamrcm.ined.liveundl,hen,nlh
genera,i(>n • •h.. ofLamcch.and",uguhcred from lh. worldin.h.fifty·.ix. h ycaror Lamech.it il nogre.,mingma,Coin.ho.. Jd ...,main .. nril.he ...""n.h g.nera';on. Co .. . M.N T... UON G.NIS IS).Il.,. ,'''
CA,l<·. D ..c ... DA Nn R . . .......TT ... EA..THLyC ,TT.AUGU5TIN ., Th.,.,.,r .. n. "Me.hll.haclbcgo,L.mech. who.ooktwO ",;ve" the name of ,h. one wu Ad ••• nd.he nameoflh.o.hcrScIl •. AndAdabrough. f(>rthJobcl;who,,·uthcfa.hcrof ... ch .. dwell in tcn .... ndofhcrd.m.n. H .. bro,h.... n .m~ wu Jllbal. H. was .he r.ther (>r all.h,," who pby ,he puhel)' and cltura. Sell. bore Tobcl:h.,,·...h.rorgeror.lli ns'rum.n .. (>f bron%.andiron.n.lilt(f(>fTobcl ..·.. N""ma." Thi.,.a.fa':lI,hthn"ofdcoct n, fromCain lsc'rricd.Thcr•• , •• igh'genetl · too ... ,n .11 , incl .. d,ng Adam. Th e .. ven.h .. Ih.. (>fLamcch . ... howaI.he h,,"lNtnd of twO w;ve. ;.he.ighthl • •hatofhi lchildrcn . am(>ns whom tI.he woman who il mentioned byn.me. V.'h.,IIh ... del!utcl)',n"matcd" .h."o.hcvcrycndofi.. .,.i.tcnc,,-,hc ..rth1r cil)·willbc:p,opagatcdbl'phyucalblfm. pro. ,cedIng from .ht uni(>n of the .e~U. Thi. i. whyw•• regiven.h.propcrn.m .. ofth. w;vu (>f Ihet ..., man m.nlloned ... bc:ge"'n~ childrcn_apr:ac,ice un hurdorbcro .. . h. flood . uc.pt in ,h...... (>fE" •. C ,TY (>. G(>I>
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4:23 24 LAMECH COMMITS MURDER
1JLamt,b said I~ bis Wi~tl: 'AdabandZiUab ,'btar my~''''tl y~v
... lVtS of Lamtd" b.ark.n 10 ... Ioal I say' Jlain a man for wounding mc , ayovng manforllrik;ng me. IOIfea;" uatltngedJttlufold, Inly Lamulo stvtnly.st~.nfold. ·
I
ba~r
Ovn.vuWlI..am.chkilbl ... anandayou ng man in ordur(>propagalO furrh •• rh. g.n .... · ti(>n.(>fC.>n.Acc(>rdingro. diff• ...,n' in"rpr.· unon. Lam., kill fW(> unknown 1"" __ bur Cam him..,lf (EPtlu,.. ). Th. mu.· d.r(>fC.'nbylh.hlndof.L.mcch,".I'g.nd .... ilhoulfoundllion.L.m.ch i•• mu.d ••• rwho doa nOI ppo"" Sui!". poinrofvi.",.ndbcli.vCltharLomcchcon.id· ... rh. u.mplcof Cain and Ihrough " .. brough"o.opontan.owconr.....iOllm..' .nabl.. himrolimi,h"punishmcn,(CH"vlOS' TO" ). Theodor." how ... er, , tU paralleli,m h......d.rg .. C$ th •• L.m«hiocontUoi ..glo Ir.ilhng"""ro .. ngman ( T,,~oooRBT).
Ihe lineofrhcirgen ..... on would bccut off. Th'l'",e.cgiving bir mal., bUI 10 f. m.l.sonl,.. forMo ••••• id rhlfi ' ..·... ·wh.n ... enm .. lupllCdonth... rrwoundingm.anda yo .. ,hf(>,str;k"'gm •. j"", .. Godc."..d Cam ,o r~mal n ... ';'a,.ev.ngencra"on. would p.",h wuh him .... God will ca".. nit ro remain.bO:Clu"1 hav. killed.wo. 00 Ihar .. ven,y· • .,vcn Jcncra,ionl,hould die ",uh m• • 8cf(> .... h....... cnty· oenn re n ... .,onl ,.,.,ver. Wt will d, •. , " d through rh. cupofdeath.h .. w. ,.$I. ...c w ill ..c. pcfrom .h.. p.. ni.hm.ntwftich.bcca .... ofm . . ....m u<endtooev.n'y·...enJ.ncr.
l."M BC HM, C; HT B BT >l B MU II; D U. I II;Of
C .. , N.E .. HU .. THSSY''' .. N:S'ilIo,h ..... y tha, Lam.eh . who was cunning and erany. .. w 'he plight of hi. gencca,ion: tha, ,he S
hep them from tyrann i:ing each o,her. bmechnid,ohi,wiv.. uifin •• ere,:A man and ayou(hhav.beon killed.bu"ak. andadocoyourdaugh,cnfor,h.,on.ofSeth. a.uu.eof ,hcmurd..s that I have commi".d and becaust of ,he ado,nmen' and buu'l'of your daught.,.. ,ho.e who rcfu ..d tobf, mac· ri.dtou.in,h'pu,.ixgeneraIlOn . migh, now eon•• nt '0 marry wilh u. in our g.nera· ,ion:CoMM.NTARYONGENES1S4.}.I·,.' T H E H YPOT H ESt S T H ..T L ... MICH MUR· DSRllOCA'NMUSTBI R IjBCTBO.aASt LT H E
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GRE ..T: Som. ,hink Cain wu d.stroyed bj'La mechon,hrgrounds , h",heliveduntiI ch a' tlm. ,opa)',helongcrpcnalt,·.But ,h.i.i. no,true.FotLa mecl,.eem.,oha•• pcrp. ,ratcd,womutd... f,om wha, h. ,,:11. u•. "l have killed a man and a you,h"- ,hc man for woundins and ,he rou,h fo, brui$ing. No,,·. a wound 15 on. 'h,ng and a brui .. another:.nd • mar, i. on e th'n~ ane a ~·outh anothe~.· Fo,. :.,n . nall h< av.ny~d .ev~nfold. bu, Lam.ch •• \'O ntJ· "m .... v.nfol .!: I' .. ri~htfo,me to uncier~o fou, hundred and "'netreha"i •• ·
menl$. if truly God'. judgmcot agalnU Cain i. jUSl,tha,he.houldundergo •• vcnpuni.h · ment1.1n faet ... he did not I• .,nromu,der from ano(h ....o h. did no,sc< ,h. murd.Tet undergoing,hep.nal()·. Bu,l.havingbf,for. m)' eyc. ,h. man groaning and ,remblingand al.o (h. greatne •• of (he anger of God. "·as no,brough, '0 my.en... by.he example. Thercforeld.... v.(oparfourhund ..dand ninety p.nah i... LBTTB .. ' 160." THROUG H CON FItSS ION L..... . C H L,M,TS H,s PUN1SHMBNT. CHRY SOSTO .. : "Lamech ..id:, hc,utinfac'goc.on.",ohi.w;v<s Ada and Sclla.' Li"en to my voic., w;v<> of Lamech.hcark.n.o mr wo,ds: l killedaman for wounding me.and. youn g man for.rrik. ingme. On Cain fell s.vcnfold veng •• nce, bu, on Lamcch l c .. nfytim •••• ven fold:App1r your ",.. n,ion '0 ,h. Ulmo.u. I b ...cch you. pu, a.idc all worldly ,houghtsa nd let u. stud) ,h,,, word. wi,h ,p.cci.ionso,ha,no,h,ng mayucap"us,bu,ratherwe.houldp,oc.e d tothei,deepe$tmea ningandb,,"ble roJ igh' uponthe treasureconceaJedinthe.ebri.r phra .... ·L.mcch •• idtohi .. w'vc .Ada.nd Sella:,h.,u,say•. · Li..en
o{theinlpi,..,d .. ri,.r," He who a(cuael him · Kl{lIth.beginningof,helpcechilinch. .igh•." YouK •. con{ulioni.o{,heg'u,." tffica
"0."
'0 the (ri mu comm;tt.d by Ca ll', h.li m... d the p"nilhm.n, coming.o him . H o.tl uu ON G gNISISIO.6·7.' L .... . c;H K.LUD OM. YO UT H. T HBoooUT OF Cn.: Somc ,n,ccp.e.e"" ,,dcr.u.n d ,hi. no,o{,wome n or.aao,h ... fanlui z•• o{ C.in.bu,o{on.and,h.... m.Y""nl!mln:·. mln I hav. killed for wounding me and. youngmanfo,b,ullingm.:na,i•. lyou"g manapp,o.. hingmlluri, )·. H .eJ.Clpe ••• n. g
nounClngjudgm.n,onhlm'l/clf.hcpr~.n"
divm.jlldgmenl.QUISTlONSON G INBS1S 44 . -
,0
4:2;·26 ADAM AND EVE BEG ET SETH
" And Adllm I." ..., hil wift again, ud .bt ~nT' a 10" a"d ,.U.d bi. lIam t Srrh.fnr ,b. laid, "God hal appo;""d for mt a"otb .. ,bild inl.ead of [Abd, for Cain , ltM' him ].'· " T.. SdI. GIn" .0" wa , &or n. a"d IIf ,,,Iled hi. ""me Eno.h. At Iha, lim. {me" &'g""'o caUl' MpOn Ihe ""meoflh. LORD.
O ....... , ....:Th.ton..pllonofS.,ltby ... dlm and Ev •• ignifi., ,h. harmonJ' of"'pon.ibl. marria ge (CL. M ~ 0' ALlXANO .... ). Th. g~ner .. ionl orij!inaflnj; from 5.';, '~p.<sen' ,h. hu.en1r d,y of God (AUGUIT1N.). S,nct S .. h •• para, • • him .dffrom.n~hou .eof Clin.hi.flmily iscaUed·,heJullpeopl to( d,e Lord' (EtoHIlDO ). Aht. nil "lfth ,he Ho],'
4:26 Stlllile, C .. U " PO" God TNt SITN' TU Rap •• uNT THBC ,T. OF GO D. A"eUS"N.: \Vc have IWO linu of I UC' ce.. ,on. onc de.ccnding from C.inand the o.he. from th o Ion who wu born 10 Adam In order!ob.!he hetr ofAbc! who wu killed .nd,owhomAdamsa".,h.n.mcofSe,h. H ... r.fc ..cd '0 ,n Ihc wo.d.·God huglvcn me ano.her •• ed. for Ab.1 whom Cam .1"..·.Thu."i"hllthe,wo •• riuofgener ..;on. Ihll arek.p, . odi .. inc •.• heon~from Scth and.hco,herfrorn Cain.lymboli:e,he twO c"' .....·"hwh"hI.md •• ltngir:ln ....·ork • •n ehcav<"nlr,ltr ,nuil.onU,.lnand,he ca .. h l),ci .}". wholConl r·u rchandsalllflc, ,'Or: arc for and in tncjoy, of ear,h.CITY O~ GOI"i·1i.'
TH.S.TH'T ISAIITHBJU.TP.OPLB OF GOO. EPHU .. THB Sn., .... , Afur S(th bcg'" En".h.M,,"(lwro,e"at,hatll m chcbcganto eaU on ,h. nam. oflhe Lord."' BUauuSclh had.cparalcdh'mlclffrom,hchous On. 10 Abrah.m. loa.. .ndJacob.C"Tlc"0T Ic"L LlcTuus,6.~7.·
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M''''''"I;; THI N "" u AI,.. ... 51TH E,.OS H.A"I;;UITt"'., Se,h m.. n.·re.llrrec· .ion:and,htnamcofhilH>nEno.hm.an• "m.n'-Th. nlme Adam 11.0 rnun, ·man: hut in Hebre ..·i.can b<:u.c
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5:1-8 SETH AND HIS SON ENOSH
'Tb'l ;1 tbe 10001: I>f tbr genrrariolll of Adom. " Wbe~ God truwl man , be made bim ill rbe likeneJl of God. 'Malt ud fem~lt he created them, and he &Ieued rbem alld named tbem Man! ",hrn rbe] ",rre cruud. JWhrn Adam bad li~rd ~ bwndred' and rblrty ]earl, be bteame tb e fMber I>f a lOll in hi' own lihnell, aflfr b'l image, and 1I0med him Srth. 'The dOYl I>f Adam after be becom, the fathrr of Seth ",ue eight bwndrea' ]Url: and h, baa otber lI>nl and dugbtrrl. ITb'/J olllb, dOll thll! Adam Ii~.d IVfrr nill' h~lIdrtnl IInd da~gh . urs. ' TbuIIIUtb.daYJafStth",.rell'nrbundrrd"ndllllrlve]rIlTJ;lIndbe d,ed.
O ...,.." .... 'Th.beginnlllgaf ... orldch.ono!· oSJ·uno,rcckon.dfrom.h ... rthlycIIY· nOI from Ih . gcncr.. ion of Cai". Th~ huv . cnlyci'j· ill ymbo1ind in ,he on. "man" (Ena.h ) ba.nof.h."rClurreclion"(S.. h) of ,h. man who WII olain (Abel), lymboli:'ng ,h. un"yaf,hc whol.hcav.nlycil)·.Thil 11 ,heprapu "'IY.o p'Clen, Ih. nl"a,;ve of worl.:! h.'110rl· 11 Iymb-oli:ed byth.,wacII· ,Cl (A""USTINI). Th.liltc"ul berw •• " Adlma ndh ,,"onSerhi,areflec,iono(.h. unilrbetween ,h c Fa,hcrand,hc San (0 ..,· I;DI). I,i. likdy,hatS.rh·, delccndann buihc;I1ulnd,nhab;udlhcm,e v."rbough .h.r.i.namentlonaf,hue ... cn .. ,nrbc Scrip, urel( AuI;USTlNB).
5:1-2 The G.llwlI iOIlJ of AJ"", W Olf 0011 T,n N ........ Tt\·lI ap GBNU' 5 Go lI .. c" TO A Il" " ~ AUGU'TIN~: Th.rulon fo,. ,hi. btuk ,,,.h.,,,,,,,,,,. !i".h, ~ucn!'''onof.htg.ncaJog,u.o·;'·f100d 1
,,·u, l,ahi,.rhllrh ... ri,er.u thaughb,d . den by Gad ..... al Un .... illing.o ha". th.beg,n· "inga(warld chranalogyr.cl Adam fa, a nc'" beg,nnlng. l f .... ul< whJ ,hi l rcrurn,oreclp"ulue,,·umadcimmcd i. aIClyaf.ermen,ioningSerh·, .an. ' .htman .... hohapedtocallupon.h.nam. af.h.Lard God.,h.an ..... e,mu .. be,har.h i.wlI.h. p,opu "'al' 10 p, ••• n,.he t."o cniu. Th. aM bcg"'l andcndlwilhamu.dercr, for Lamcch , 100. U hc Idm",.d.o hll tWO .;VCl. WU I murdu ••. ' Th. a.h,r c"y be,," 1 w"h ,hc man wha hop.d '0 caU upon rh. nlmtaf IhcLard Gad. for rh. invon. ian afGod 11 rhcwhalc and ,he high • ., p,.occupationaf .he city of God dUring '1$ pilg"mag~ 'n .hi, world. I: " Iv mboh=.o 'nTne One "man" (Enalh.) born af ,hc·r.,urrc ~ "or. ·( S.lh ) of
1,
1
,h~ man who wu ,I"in (Abd). Th ... ont m.. n inf"crua'ymbolof.htun"yof.h.wholt huv.n ly "t}'. wh,ch U nOr y.t in rh. fulln." 'ha'i,i.d.nin.dlo ..... h .. ndwhi.hi • .. dumb,at.din,hi'p,ophClicfigu ••. CITf OF GOD IJ.:'. '
5:3·5
AJ~m·. San S~tb ill
Hi. Li/m•• u
TH.U" ' T"O'T H MF"TH ~."" " T H ESO .. b
1' • • flO'..'."' .. A 'u....... "S.T .... O~'(iI .. Ch.",i • •h.inv,.,bl.,mag."f,h. ,nv llibl. God.Julla, a((o.d ,n gl<>rh.Scrop'urcnar· ...'v. we la)' rha •• h. ,mag. of Ad.m ·...u h .. .onSClh.hi,w r;Ue"thu,,"AndAd.. m bego,Sethaf,.rh,.ownimag... ndaf, •• h" ownk,nd:Thi.,mag'pr ••• rv.I,h.unurof na,u.eand.ub" .. "c.common,o .. r.,h .. a"d ...on. Fo,"whueve•• h. Fa,hc.dou. rhcSondoulikew, .. :' jn rhlfnryfacrrha'lh.Sondo .... llrh,ng.Jullurhc Farhc,dou-th.F... h .... 'm .. g.i ' .. pro· duc.d ""h. Son. who,. b,nh from.b.
Fuh .. i.ui'w..... n .. cl0f hi .wilJp.0. cccdi"gfrom.he mind. O"f 'IlSTP,,' .. e', PLlSI.l.6. '
D'oTH B O ..eBlw ..... TlO.SBTH Bu.~o CIT'''! AOGUSTI ...: Now notic •• ha. wh.n ,h"nspircdw",cr..,,,forrh,h.l.ngthofrh. hvuof.h.m."h.m.nllonl.th.na .... "v. ah.... y•• "d. wi'h,h.formul. ·a" dh.b·Sot .on'."dda ughr.r .... ndallrh.tJm.d...,." .nd"'llnd wu."' ..... nrrcar' • • ndb.di.d: Con.id..ingthatth •• ewn.anddaugh ........ nOlnam.dandrem.mb.,inghowlongpcople li ... d,nrha,firllperiodofourh",ory.an anyon.,.fu ••• obehewetha.wgrca,.mul,,· .udcofmenwubornurohlvcbeenabl•. in group •.• o build I great number ofd.i ••! C ' TY OF GOD IS.'"
;:9·14 ENOSH AND HIS SON KENAN
' "'btll EII~.b h~d li~to: ~i.my· yt~r. , h~ btum~ fht fQlhfT IIf Ktll~lI .' t"Ellolb lived ~fttr fht ,",rtb of Ktll~II ' tlthf b.. "drtJ· Q"d fifteu ytf1.rl , allJ had ofhrr lOllS and dawg;' . UTI. " T;' ... all tbt Jays of Ellosb wtTt "ill t b""arrd a"d fiVt ytars; and Itt ditd. " Wbrll K~"ar. · had lived UV~ "I.r' YUTI. h~ ;,uam~ tb~ fafht< of Ma.h~I
j"' to: Afl rt fb.junh af Ma·ha l~l.r "lbt ",,"a .. d' a"d faTlY Y'~rs, ud h~d OIh.r 10." .. ".: aa"ghl :rs. " Th" j alld.. daYl llf K.llan · ..,.rtnintb"na,tJa"azrnytamaIfJ"tJita.
O V•• V' RW ' Th. name EnO£h mean." ma n" in ",.languag.ofd,eChaldun... _U .. ,n Hebn,., {A"'II05I).'
pl.uu,n.cI.vu .hi'J<)ulandd""''',,·ay from ,he bod}" Thil i"oirnow oRClclf. man-"",,, in Lad n bUI E~OI" ,n ,hel .. ngut~ of,hcCh .. ldc:ln'.!s.....C.o" T" .SO\lC,.,. '
519· 11 Enod, all d Hi. D •• unJa nl. M.....' ..CO. TH. N.u .. EHO. H.Aoo.II05.,For .... i•• man.hould ... move h,mulffromfluh)'
'CI._,,"Goo~
'Fe"",
;:15·20 JARED BECOMES THE FATHER OF ENOCH
" Wlo e" M~·b~I,lltl " b~J lived ml.ty.J;~r' Yfa ••. b. b.,,,m. ,b. fllrlm of J~r.d. '·M~·"~lal.l " lived ~fu, ' ''' bi• •" ofJ~rfd fig'" "~ n drtd' and ,bi.IY ytan. and had orht. ,0'" and dugb'.Tl. " Thw. d"y' of Ma·halaltl" ",efr tigh' hWlldf.d and ni"Clylive
all,,,.
YUf.;udh.d,rd. " Wlor" Ja ftd had livrd a Lwndwl and .ilr'y'I"''' y.ar. h. bUllmt I". J:uh •• "f En"'I.. "JIITtd !i,·.d il/ur lb. birlh of Ell"," rigb, bWll dwlytllr •. and bad olher IOn. and .laugh· ,t ... .. Tbw .III1,"td"yJofJllrtdlUtrt n;n."wnd•• dllnd.ixly., ...oJ. IITJ;"ndh.dit':.
O vl.v,.,,·,Enoch .... hoi •• h••• v.n.hinth. hne of ducenl from Adam. prdigu« • •he u"· enfold giflf of .h. Spin< ,ha. would com •• o , ..,inCi","{BI OR).
T H I eo .. C.PT ' O,.. OF E,.. OC H PIl I~' GU . 1i T H"T oFC Haon. B201:Enoch,ln,nath • ..·u .ng.nd.... duv.n,h,n,h.hn.ofdu,. " , ftom ... dam . pr.figured InU ,h. Lord """.. Id ~roncc'v.d.ndhorr.no"nlh . ..... al ..·a)'o:
HolrSp,,,,.wh,ch .. d... ri~dbr'h.prophe, u.cv.nfold. ' wo .. ldcom •• or."uponC..... ' ;na.!"'cial " ·'J· wh.r.hcw.. . boullob.botn. And h. wouLdbap,in ,n.h. Holy Spiri,and g,,·•• h.gifuof.n.Spiri •• o ,ho •• whobdi .... ,r. nim . How'lf .. Oh' TH~ GOSPU5 ;.,~. '
5:21-27 ENOCH IS TAKEN BY GOD AND BROUGHT TO HEAVEN
"Whe~ E ~a(h had lived six ty-five" years. h~ be!a"'e Ih~ father of M ~lhu5 e1ah_ l llEno(h walked wilb ' God afler Ib c birth oJ Melbustlah l tb,et hund ,ed' yea,s. and blld oIb .. sons and daughl!rs. 11Th"s all thr days of Enorh were th,ee hund,td and sixly-five ycars. "Eno!h walked wilh God; and he was no! .for God look hi",: tS WhenMelhustlah f hadlivtaahund,tdanaeighIJ-stve~-'yrars . he brcam e fh'falhe r
of La ",e,h. t6Me!h"ulah ' livta aflH Ih r birth of Lamuh ,tven h"nd,.d and e'gh!y-!w,," _wars. ana haa othu SO n5 ana daughun. "Th"s all th, days of Metbu5dah' ..... crl nin ~ hl/n· drtaand,iXly.ninrytars:anab,di.a ·!..U. _
OV,,",vra,,·: Enoch i,snatched up 10 heaven on Ihe wing' of fire of th e HolrSpir;, (AMSMOSI).,h ow;ngAdamthlfp..ad;se;s th e meeting place of the faith ful (EPHUM). God"ke,Enoch.ndbring.himtop...dise beC3us.h.i'p l.ui ngin,h •• igh,ofGoJ (Cyp,,' .... j. lti. uncuumwheth ... hi'i$. co n$e'luena''' . preconditionofEnoch·. comp.. hen.ionofGod ·1i n.ture (GM'GOII.YOf NAz,ANzus).Enoch·. lif.d.mons<,a<<:Ifhat human fle.h doe. no, pr.ve n' numa nsfTom becomm g.aint«C....SOSTOM} .ndtn.tone whohopn in God do •• not dwell on eaTth but i. ,ransported and d •• ve. to God (AMUOSE). Enochdo<snotexpcricnadca.h but " ... n •. ported 10 immorulitr b)" God (AUCUSTlNI). Enochi.ootendowed ,.,ith ... rnallife.bu, hi,deatni.onlrpOstpon.d (TERTULU ...") Enoch "·.,nolong.,.found.mid,n~'·anitrof
th. world (JO.. ",CASSIAN). Methu .. lah. th •• on of Enoch .di., in ,h. r.a, ,,·h.n ,n< flood h'g,n •. Th. disct'pancie,
in th.figur.. mention.d.boveare di,cUS$cd b)· J.rome. who ",Ive. ,ne appHent a nomalr ofMer hu .. l.h·, dyingaf,e,thefloodbr recoutse,oth.H.hrew(JERoME).Thedi._ crepanciu bet,.,een ,ne Hebrew a nd the Ser tuagi ntareal$odi$Cu$$cdbrAugu.tine
5:21-24Ellocb W..lk.d ... itbGod E",oc .. 1s T""IIJ< T O Huvu, BY T II ~ Ho~Y S PIRIT. AMaROsr: The Holr Spirit aloo "m. down ".nd filled the whol. nou ••. wher. ".r)' m.nrw.re l itting •• ndthereappuredpartcd tongues a.offire:' Good are ,he..,ing.of lov •• tne true wing. that flew.hout ,hrougb themouth.of th • • polflu.andth.,.,ingsof fir. ,ha'"pok. ,h. pure wotd.On ,h ue ",-inr s Enoch fle"· when he wu snatched up hu"er.. ls"Ac. oR"'''ESou~E.'7. '
'0
A'>AatW.TNU'U THI EuNT.EpHUatTHI SY"'~N: Some Ill' that whil. Adam ...'a,look· 'ng la, Enoch J God ,ranlport~d hIm to pan· d". I.., Adam ,hink .ha, Enoch wu killed:as was Abel and 10 be: gri.ved, Thil wu 10 Ihat Adam mlgh. allO be: comfoned by Ihil jUII lonofhila nd.h .. hemigh,kno", .ha,forall ",ho ...e,"likethiIOn~,wh •• h
yourCrc.,or.Fo.,f.hcfluh mok.""mpo"i. ble.o PO'"" vi ...... <, ,hefaull 11 no. oun. How.y.., ,h. company of Ih. la",. . has lhown tha, in reahty i,doc. no,mak • •hi. impo"ibl. Th. narurcof.h./l •• h did no. peevcnt Paul, for ,nsu.nce. frombc:<:omingsuchau,n,uhe b,," mcorPu.tf.omrecciving,h.keYlof hcaven. Furthe •• E1IOCh , .hollgh po_dof .he fluh, ...u taken by God and ... n no moee. HO."'.J uo",)oHN,!.'
SUS, •• I}
ENOC .. Puu u GOD. C H .. UN: W. abo nnd.ha.Enoch , whopleu.dGod ... u.ra .... poned , u d,vln. SCTlprurcteuifiu 'n G.nu" and" YI,"A ndEnochpleuedGodandwaI no ...cnla.erbecau.. God,ookh,m:Th," wu plUl,ng in the "ght of God_.ha, Enoch mer;,edbc,ngtranlportedf,omthccon.agion o{,h" world. Su,th. HoIl'$pin. ",achu.11O .h,oughSolomon' ,ha"hollwhoplu.eGod .r.,.kenfromheue",lterandmorc'!ulCk11' ... f,,,,,.lc., whilc.hcl' au tarr'T,n, '00 long ,nu, ISworldthcyb.,o.rup,edbl'familiaru y with che ",o,ld. ON MO"T"~JTY ~}.' HOPI "'c TO lNvOJ< ti TH I LORD. Guco "v O. NAZ'''Nzus:Enoch"hopcdto1n yol<.thc lord."Hjlaccomplilhmen,conl,".~dnotln
hop ,ngfor knowlcdgc. mark you. but rather ,n hop,ngfor,nyoca"onof.hcLon:l..Enochw.. -,ranlfc.,cd"-yu, but U ,,
T HonWHo H op. , ... GO D D o NOT D"'~LL o~· E ....TH.A ...... o$E : Enoch call.d upon Godinhopt.ndlO,sthough,tohuet...n tranlpo.tod.Andooonlrthu man whoputJ his hopc in God ••• ms.obc·man:' Morc· ""cr, th.dur and tru,hful ",n .. of,h. p... IIgc i. tha, ono wh o put, hi. hope m God dOClnotdwcllonu.thbu, '" tran.pon.d.1O .olpcak.ln.dcleav.l .oGod. ls ..... c.O. THH SOUL'.', " ENOC H T ....... C .... OID T H ~ V ..... , Ty O f TR" WO .. LD. JON'" CUS'A"': The mind il j.O caugnt up in ,h'" WI)' ,hat che h.ar'ngno Jongcr,akCl'nthcvooceiouuideand,magel of pa.... br no long.. come '0 light and .h•• yenolongcr".llhemoundJconfron.i ng 11 Or th.g,~anticobJ .. tlriling up again .. i,. No onc will po..." .h ...u.h Ind th. power of III ,hil unl ...... hu d ...c, uptr,. .nc• •o.u,hh,m. Th. Lord will have ,urned ,hc eyCl ofh" hu".wlY frtlm nery'hing of .h.h..c.ndn ....·.• ndh .... lIl,h,nkof,h..eu nO'trlnlllo
,h.
Iik.Enoch.Hcilgoncfromahumanwayof lifc.fromhumanconccrna. H. ,a nolonllcrro bcfoundamid .h.,·.ni'l'of.hllp.cun. world. Th. ' u ' o[GenU ,s ,c la.u .ha. thi, ac.u.!lyhappcncd ,oEnochin .h.body: "Enoch walked wi.h God .nd wu '0 M foundMcauo.Godh.d.akcnh,m.w. )·"" Th •• pold.... ys.·B. cau.cofh ,. r... h. Enoch wu •• kcnup.o,ha.h.d,dno.han.o .ncoun ... d ... h .. " eo........c.j..,."
no.
E .. OCHOouNoT EI ....... c. I'.BIBNT OUT ... AUGU5T'NE: Then ,hc Scrop,u,. ....., ,h ...r,.r ,Om,"m' h.d.l.p •• d , ,h.... wu a m.n nam.d Enoch . who ... jUlliu mU· Itcdal1 ngul•• p.ivil.gc:.ha,hc.houldno, cXp""cnuprc«ntd..,hhut.houldM
on.
ENOC H'. DB~T H Is ONLT POnI'ON BP. TH' TULLI"N: Enoch.nd Ehj.h w... ".nlp""ed h.nc..."hout , uff."ngdu,h, ... h,ch ..·., only po"'poncd.Th. day ",;U.om. wh.n ,h.y wiIJac.uallyd,.,h.,.hcymarullngullh An uchr"' ..."h.hc .. blood. Th .......... I.g· .ndtha'S.. John . h.E,·.ng.h ....·u ,ol;v.' ili ,he ucond coming. but hedi.d.ON THfi SOUL
,0.,."
D,u, ... TH . Yu. Of THE FLOO'" JUOOOE: Th.re i•• f.mou. '!uu"on th.thubcenairedb)·d"c\lU,on,n.1l chur • flC,thcnood.h.pp.ara.ha:in ,hi.c..... ,nmanvo.h .... inth.S.p'u."n:tr.nllauon
M .T H u n U H
ofth.Sibl.th.rcil an.r ... r, n tbcnumbcn. Amonirh.H.bre... . nd.h.booklof.h. Sa", •• iunl.[havefound ,hc ru, ... ri".n thu l: ·M.,h\la~lah liv~d a hundred and~igh,y· •• v.n yca .. and bccame ,h e fathu of Lamech , M.. huICI.h Iov.d.ftcr ,h. b,,,h of Lamech lu .. n hund,cd.nd.illhty·,woy.... andbad o,her,on.anddaughttn. Thuaall . btday.of Mc.b ... elahw.rcninehundredandll • .,..nine yca .. :a nd bed ,ed.And t..:uncch hved on. hund •• dandc'gh'r,woycarsandMso, N".h '- "'ccord,ngl,..,hcrc 369 y.... f.nm ,hcda,.ofM. ,hu •• lah '.birth.o.hcd.yo( No.h'.bor,h: ,,,,h... . ddNo ah·ali. h.. nd •• d y..tI.I,ncothc noodoccurrlOd in ,h. liS hun· d ..dthyu,ofb"lif•.• ndln"wo.luo ... th., Me,hu.clahdicdin.bcn",th .."drcd.""y. nlOtb~ •• of h l£1if.:.'n .bcum.~ ..... b.n Ih. flood bcg.n. Hu ....' Qu.n,o... so ..
ar.
GlI"'.S'S"l",~." A~ OLOGl " .. o .. · D'S C .. BP ..... C ' 1i BGT" II~' Hu .....· ..... o SlP"'U"GI"TVIU ' O " ~. AUGUIT' ....: Mo .. ovuthedifT... nc.'nnum· M ... h., .... findbc,w•• n the H.br .... tcx. .nd 0 .. , " ... ,, "COOltJ ...,U no diug .... mcn' .bo.. tth"longu''Yor.hcanc'c"". lfanvd" crcpancy 11 luch ,hat ,h. two v''',On. cannO' bo.hbctr.... .... muJt.c.l.:.h.auth.noic a"oun,o(cv.n ui n,h.lang .. agcf.omwhlCr "urtut"·u tranll ...d.Tho"gh,"",,pp""" nllyllun'v ..... Ur anil.bl.t".ho,c ... how .... ,o .. kc':,re<· £I,nific. n, lvtno ..,h. no"n.iI • • v.n'ur .. d ,,,co,,..... h.Scp ...· ll'n:v...lOn from ,h. Hebr .... 'Ut in .h. Hry manr place. ... h.r. "".m' to ofi...... m.. h,ng difi... n: Th • •c..on ... h.ttho.. difi.r.nc.. ...... no ·
con,idored fabificationl,nor do I think ,ha, ,hey IhouLd b<: 10 reprded;n any war. Rathtr, where no error by the copyill iluccnained andwherclhc,enuwouLdb<:humonioul w;,hthe,.u,h.ndwouLd procL.im,helfulh, wc , houJd b<:licvtth., they wtrc moved by IhcHol)·Spi"'IonrlOlllc,hingdiffe.end)·,
no,up."of ,h c..,rvicelh." heydidu ... nlluo., h.. ,uuuci.ing ,h.f•••dom,h .. Ihcycnjoycd upropheu.C' Tl Of Go I)
'5, '4."
5:28 · 32 LAMECH B EGE T S NOAH
).I WIJt~ Lamerb had lived /I hu nd.ed /lnd eighly,lwo' Jelln, he hUll me !befll!her of a lOll, n " nd ,,,Ued bil llllm. NOllb,' 1",Ying, "O UI Of!bt ground ... hifb!br LOUlbIU curud !bil 0,," 110/111 bring uS .tlief from our work And from !be loil of 0". b/lndl." "'Lam"b livrd IIf!er !be blftb of Nollb' fr"t bundrtli IInd nintIJ-frve' Juri, IInd blld otbrT 1011 1 alld daugbtrn. " Thus AI! dllJl of Lam~,b ....rr Itv.n bundred and I~Ven!J 'leven Jun;' IInd be ditd. l1After NOllh ' Will frV; hundrtd Jra" old, NOllh' be,amt !ht fll!her of ShUI:, Ha"' , "
No"" WI LL SR' .. " RaLla. TO HU ...... ,T~. E ~"u'" TH a S n,,,"': Enoch beg": Me,h"'e· lah . an.! Mc,hu. clahb<:go: Llmcch .• n
~
_ _ . . """ .. _ ....... _ _ . . pooooI ...
-ux O'-
proph •• iedabou< GU
th. indiyiduall.v.bofth.dw.nings [inth •• rk builrbyN .... hduring,h.l100d.j.on.arriv•• a. N<>ab hi m.dr. whose name mu ns reSl Or righ •. • 0Lls.who isJ"u.ChriSl.For wha. Lamech his fuhetsays is no,appropria,.,o th" ancien, Noah.Fo,·,hi.on.;h'''Y' ."w,in Ih. time. ofNoah:Juus onIJ' has giv.n .. $t to humanity.ndh .. frcedth ••• rthfromth . cur.. with which th. Lord God cUrSed it. HO .. 'I. I ESONGENtiS.S •. ;.'
.c....
5:32 Noa!. ,b. Fatb •• of Sb.m, Ham fInd
J.. pbdb NO .. HI G.... E" .."' .. uo.V, .. TUB.EpHR.., TH.SYR, .... :Aher recoun. ingth"eng.nera· .io". from Adam .o Noah. Mose. said. "Noah w• • fi v. hu"dred yur.oldandb.go.Sh.m and H . m. ndJapheth," During thi. enti.. tim.Noah w.. an.xample tohisoon.byhis ,·!ttu•. for h. had preserv.d virginit)· for fivr hundr.dye.u.mo ngthos.ofwhomi,,,·a. ..id.·AlIfI .. h
6:1 4 THE SONS OF GOD UNITE WIT H THE DAUGHTERS OF MEN
' Whe" men b.ga" 10 mulliply or. Ih! f"er of Ibe gro und, ,,"d daLlgble.1 wne born 10 th.m. ' 11. , lonl of God la ... tbal the dawgbltrl of m' n w'" jair; and Ib.y look /0 wife lu(h of Ibm: al Ib.y (bplr. 'Th.n 11., LORlllaid, OM), >pi.it ,hall 11 01 "bid. ill mall fo. ev.r. for b. is fl ..b, bUI bil dayss ha!1 b. a hundr.a' ""a' rwt"ly ytars: 'Tb. N.pbili m · ...... ~II rb e ta.rb ;11 11."" dap . alld al,~ at".wa.a', whtll Ih. lOll l of God ,ame ir. 10 Ih. cia~gbltrs of lII e", and rb.y bort cbildrtll ro rb ..". Tb.H w'rr. rh . migh ry m'n ' Ihal wcrr of old. Ib~ mtr.
'f""'w, OYB'IYJ R" "The spn. ofGod.r.a"gel,,.,ho fors.ke the b •• utr of God fo," p.",habi. b •• ut)' and unite thems.lve5 wi.h women (CLfi.. E"TOfAlE ...... NO~lA ). Thei, desires were sO! on rhinj!s of •• rth (N e"Es,,,sOFEMES"~,
Otne" argu . th.1 ,he Jons of God au rh . sons pfSerh , wno "'''''r thedauj!nten of Cam (E p>I:. Tnowo,d," m,·sp;r>lshaUno,.bici. in man ' oemon"ratethat tn. ,,'hol. "'an h.d
btenchange
EPHUM THIS, .., .. N: [MOIu) caU.d ,he IoOIU ofSe,h"..,nsofGo
6, }·2 Tb. Sonl ofG~d, th. Daugb t. ' I o f
6:3 Hwm."u· Lifu,.~n Limit.d
u.
...1fn FALLI",ANGIUE"'TI CI OI TEAIT HU BIAU TT. CUMBNT Of ALU .. NOR' .. ' Th. mindislcda.. ,aJ'byple&lurc.and.hcvirgin cen,erof .hcmind. ifno,d'lC.plin.dbyth. \\'o.d.
0 .. , .... SaT 00; THINGS o. E....TH. N~Mu,tl s o.EME5 ..:0fd.e'nco.poreal bcing •. only.ngd. feU ..... J·. and not all of .hem.b"•• nmeonl)·. •ha.indined.o.hing. btlo,,·and ..,th.ir
TH It~
AD .... ·S S'o; H .... C H.. NGSO HU.... N'Tf ,NTOSO .. ITN,NcWo .. n.A uGUIT' NE,By thJul1ic.ofGod.h.wholc human rac ...... d.h ....d in.o.h. pow.r of. h.devil .• he.in of.her.rf.manp... ,oSOt'il,n.lly,ntoall p"rlon.ofbo.hu.... wh"wtreborn ,hro"ghconjug.lllnion .• h.d.b.ofourfirl, par.n" binding all their po •• er'tJ·.Thi. dcliv."ng ..·.. r.rl1'ndicaICd,nG.n • • i • • whu ..... h.ntt ....... id.o.h •• erp"nt. "Earth.hall you ca.;' i. "'... lIid.o ,he man. "Earth you arc. and into u"h Ih.1l you .. 'urn."· Th.dead,of,h.body ..... for ..old b,·",n,ocatth.hallyou .et"r n:bccau •• he would no. haveupe"encod "ifh.had .. m.in.d "prigh, .. he h.d been c...... d.ij,,: wh.,h ...y.,n,heli"ing",an:carthyo" ,re:.ho"",,hat.h.whol.mlnhasOc.n ch.ng.d, n.olom ..h,ngwo ..... fo, · .. rthvou
"':ll.l,o.l l
THISO,., or Gon Au Till SONI OF 51TH.
"
'LCC~" 1CI.
'F:,,,.....
H. 'Ga. k ••
'Ga.
ar~"i , jU$t th~ $am~ a$ uying"My 'pi,i, .hall nor remain intho •• m~n.b~cau.e rh.y are flesh: Hence God.how.d rh.fh. had then ddiver.dm.nto fh. devil. fO whom he had said."Earth.hallyoueu."ONTH~TRI NITY
IJ.n.f6.' T,.u, G .. ANT BD TO TH IO GBNH .... TION ~O" R BP BNTANCII_EpHRBMTHBSY R'AN:Thi, generuionwill no, live nine hundred yca .. likerhepreviou.g.neration •• foriri.fle.h anditsday.a..,filledwi,hrhede.d,offl •• h Therefore. th.ir d.y. will be On' hundred.nd fWenf)' y..rs. If they repenf during,hi"ime. ,h.ywillbeuvedfromrhewruhrha,i. .bou, ",.omeupon them. But if they do no, repen,.by th.ir d..d,fhey will call down wfa,h upon ,hem.elv... Gf.cegran'ed one hundr.dand'w.n'yyeaC$forr~p.nun(.to a
generation that, according rojuSlice. wu no, worthy of ~.pent.nc •. CO .... fiNTUlY ON GBN-
T HB T, .. B FOR R BI' BNTA NcB.JuoME: Fur.h .. more.le., [God[ may •• emtobecruel in th., h.hadno'gi"en.o .i nncc"plac. for rep.nt.n(~. he add.d. "But ,h~ir day' will b~ 120 y....:,h.ti •• th.ywil!h.v.120ycarsto dor'penunce. lti.no,fher.fotcth., human lifrwucon,r.c<ed,o 120 year •. as many w.onglyauert.buttha, llOrearowereg;".n rothat generation forrepentance .• ince ind.~d w. find that .ft~r the floo-d Al!raham I;,·.d 17; yean andotherl more th.n 200 and 300y..... Sinc.inde.d,h.yde.pi..dfOdo repenunce. God wa. unwilling for hi . decr., fOOl,·.i,ifS,im •. bu,.uffingo(f,h"pa.. of f ..... nfrr .. rsnebrougnfOnthefioodinfhe on. hundredth yeu rhaf had been d ...ined fo,doingrepenf.nce. QUEST'ONON GBNES'S
6.,.'
6:4 The M~" of R~"o ... " THE G' ''N T8 o~ OLD . EP HllEM TH~ SHlAN' Th.hou.eofCain. b.cau ••• heearthhad be.n cuned.o as not ,ogi"e ,hem i.. .. rength.produc.d.mallharv ..... d.pri".dof i".trengrh.ju.... it i. ,odar,h.,.om....d•. frui ...ndgr ..... gi"..... ng.hand.om.dn nOf.Bec.u."a" h.f,im.,hc)' wer.curt.d .nd.on.ofthe.u ..edand .... tredwtllingin th.!andofcu ..... ,hc)·wouldp,her and .. , produce that I.d:.d nu ..ifion .• nd ,ho.. who atcfhe .. ,.,..e .... i,nout .... ng.hjuc who.tethuproduce .. rong.ndpowerful CO"' .. UNTAllYONGIINE",s6 .S.t .' T HE NUH.L. '" ARB" RacB OF G."NTS. AUGun.NE:All,h.,wt,ndubi,.blrlmo,,'. from th. au,hen,ic Scripture in tn . Heb..,,· andChri .. iantradi,ions.i,thefactth .. ,nrh. period before th. f100
d,.,
migh,hav. no moTOuluc thanhodilybcau. y. C ITY O fGo n IS·~}·"
Fllo..
F .. LL ... ANG.U UN I T I NG TO MO"TAL
A ....O SE: "Thc tianu ( Ncphilim ) w.TOon.he urth in.hooe day"." Thc.u.hot of.h.d,vln c Suipturcdou nolmun.hat tholcg.anttmustbcconlid..ed , l ccord,ng'o ,hc rrad"iono("""u,lIlOnlof ,he e..th " but u.cr .. ,h.t ,ho.c whom hc dcflnCl with l uch.n.mebccauuof thccnraordinary .i ze ofthc .. body ....TOg.nc....dby .ngcl• • nd ... omcn.Andl«ul.c.wh.. huby anychancc the mcn who only tah carc of their body and no,ofthctr l oul ITc.i milar '0 ,he Ncphilim and at tl>e ... me tlme .O.hOK g,an .. who wc .. born from theurth according to thc.alu of thcpoc tl .nd dClplled th e authority of the god. by confiding in.hc huscnc .. of ,hci r hod)·.Mult w. rcallyconl ldcr udifietcn. from gl.nu ,hou mcn who.. cycn though they arc compo.cd of body and loul,dclpiu the mo»'p ..doul good of the lOul,that i., th. """"yo(.hc mind .a ndshow,hemlclvCl ,o b.,m ltalor, of ,hi, flClh. a. ifconfirmingtha, ,h·r wcnh .... of ,hettownm oth.r"l fool" h. nc ... " They only I
WO ..... .
bo.liue ,hat th'r will conquer.hc huven with .hci.bolddutrulnd.hctrtlrthlracti"m ... On the contrary, by choo.tng a lowcr w.y of lif•• nd dcopi.ing the highcr lifc. the)' arc con. dcmnedwithS·ca,.... vcri'j' ''n«dtcr"rc gui!t y o(volun,ary ,in •. ON NOAN a.I." STIl.NCT H E u C I TIA .... oo .... Cl.B .. SILTH l
GlluT:S.rcngthof .rm,.",innclSoffoo. lnd comcli nu.ofbody-thc,poil,of.ickn . .. and the plundcrof.ime-al l<) awakcn prid. in m.n, una ...... u hc to .h.. "A II ncsh " gtUO .nd.Uthcgloryof man u rh .no",."of.h( fldd . Th( gt",, ;1 withered and the nOWet i. fallcn :" Suchwuth(arrogancc ofdtc,ian .. bcc.ulcof.hclf .. rcngth ."Suchalso ...... . h" God ·d( fyi ng ptid e ofdt.... itl(" Golt .. ,h." HOM1 LY'O,OfHu MILITl"."
6 :;· 7 THE LORD DECIDES TO PUNISH H UMAN WI C KED NESS
,r."t
' Tb~ LO&l> "'" I;'~ I lb. ""rllt4i"~JJ of III ~n ...", In lb • • " nb . ~"d Ib"l .v~r;r IIII"g;' n~"an ~f In. Ih"~gb fj "fb" b,,,rt wu o" I~' .vil '",,' inwa/ /J' Ih, Lo .." "'". 'a,,] Ih,,: ", had m"d. man on Ih, t a.lb, ~nd it gri. vt d bim ID hi l h."r:.· 'S" Ib ~ Lo.n .aid. "/ "'ill
·Ana
bl"r " .. : mu ",;,on I h "v ~ c,.IIled f rom ''' ~ jQc, of lb. gr" ~" ,",
"'" ... nd
it.",; Qn d Hrt!,i"E
OVuv II "" Aner the union of the Ion. of Scth with the daugh.enofCain, the wicked· neuofhumanlcind incrcase. {EpH ..... }. ln hi. condcmnauon of hutnMlity God lhow. bo.h sohc "ude and .. verity {S.uvl""THll'auav· T..). God·langer.CJ
6,5 The WiCkedn w of HMlllanif)' Was GrUf CONUQUINC;U OF THB UN ION BBT"'. '" THISONiO,S.T H .. NOT HI D .. UGHTI I S O.C.. ,N.E.H .... THISYIO.'AN 'Af.erMoscs lpoke aDou, the millh.y men ' ",ho_rebotn ill.o .he tribe oreain. whon women .• v.n though beautiful, ..... r. nev."hele,,"mall .. ,llIn.he lo n.of Selh.hethen l lid.· neLord ....' .h...he wicked ne " of man wu grul in .hcu"hand.ha•• vetyind,nationof ehe .hough" of hIS hun was .I>.... yl .vil: (or in .h·Y.... g'ven.oth.mfo... pen'.nc. ' .h.y h:odincr....d,h.it.in •. ·Th.w;ckcdneuof mank,ndwugrc ..,inth...rth ,·,b., •• , cvil utend.d.nd.pread throughout Doth rho•• .rib••. · Theindm.tionofth.though .. of thcirhurllw ....I..·.y. cvi1."for,h.".ino wercno,comm,tt.donlyoccalionally, but .h.""n. ... er.in...... n,,N,Sh •• ndd.vtner
wouldno,deai"from.hitwickcd,hough" CO .... . "'TAU ON GBNOS' S 6.6.1. '
G OD '.C ..... SO • • O..· .. ND Sllv•• 'TT TOW .. . DH u .... NS ' N.SALV' .. NT" .P.BUV. Tu,ulu.con.idcrhowbo,b,h.Jol'Cl'ud. and le"e ri'yof ,htLoTdar< .how".qulllyin all thut word l. F'r$t, he oaid,'And God •• ,,· th .. , tht w.ck.d "e" of man ,,'U grut .· Second,hc ...d,·H ....a • • ouchedin"-ardlj'w;th ... rro ..·ofbun."Thi rd.·J will de...o), m.n whom I h.""crulCd.·Jn ,h. fir.,.ut<mtn" wh.r.'n" ..... id(h.,God .. uoll,h,"g •. h •• provid.n".JClTti•• hown.ln,h c.ta t.me n, ,h.,h.h,"lorro... i•• hownh, .oo1rdt .. d. .mid.he drcld of hi. wrath. Th •• tatem.n: IDout h .. pun'"hm.n'.hm.,.hilnv.rttj· ... j ..dgc.HolrScriptun ... y•. ·Godrepenred .hat he had m.d. m.n on urth:Th" dM. no,meanlh.,Godi.aIT....dbj' fmo.ionOr i. l ubJCC'!.o ln Yf>l..ion.R.,hcr• • h.D,Y,II. Word.,o,mp"nmortfullj',ou"'ru.under· .u nding of ,hc Scriptu ..., lpeak.·u if ' in te rm.o( hum.n.mo,ionl. l)y ,u,ns,ir.,e,m ·'
.en.cncc on IIn.And ... hcn GodF,hlnlu and .hcnha...condthoughu:.hi.rnutlrrnun • • h•• ch.ngcabl. rcali,i •• comeintonlatlon with hi. imrnuuble reason. Fo. God cl nno' -ropen.:alh .. rnanbcing ... pent,ofwh • • he has done. lincc ,n rog •• d '0 everything hi . Judgrncn.i.asfiudashi.fo.el<nowlcdvi. dcu . 6u.i.i.onlyby.hcUlcof.uchhurn.n ""pnu,onl .hll Scnp.ure can m.h III man)· lundlof ruden",hom i, ,,,.n,".ohclp,of«1. aI"wert,a,home.Only.hulcanSe,'p.u re f.ightcn.hcp .oud.ndarou...he.lolhful, provoke in'l .. iric • • nd provide food for the convlnced. Tbi.il pouibl.onl)·wh. nScril'. ru.egell.ighldowntothelcvtlof.htlowlt. eJt.uden. C'TToFGoDIS.1S.' WH YDo .. GOD A .... ou .. c;. T .. , O,..TH OF THIA" 'M AL.IAuGusTI .. r:'WhenGod announce •• hedu.hofallanimal. onth • ... "h.nd,n,h •• ir.lhcinren"oni •• od.clarc rhcm.gnitud.ofthccomingdi ....cr.Tbcrcil n0'l .... .,onhercof puni.h,ngwi.hd... hi ... ·
,;onal.nimal. u ohough oh.,. wuc guil,y of lin.C'TTo.GoD'S·lS" A " ' M~ LI O UTIOT' D Bac ...... T HIT H "D B.. " C . ' ~T' O 'O' THBS"I
'FCL4>l76-77.'FC !o"'77. 'Pll'~CSEJ..U>4!'.
6:8 10 NOAH IS A RIGHT EOUS MAN IN A CO RR UP TED WORLD
' B.II NOllh' fOllndf"~or in tht tJt' oftht LOIlD. t Tbeu IIrt rht g,nmlliO"1 of NOli},.' NOli}, ' IVIII G .it bttOIlI man, bla ... dW -.n billt"m.llo,, · Koa'" IVGlired will,' God. IOlL nd NOG'" bGd Ihfte 10"1, Sbell:, HGm,' lIndJaphetb.
TO .. }. Nolh"·.1 pc.fe« u fie .. ''''!cn' of Ih. CIty of God can be. pcrft:ct due,ng ,n." pi! .
grimage in this prcs.n, .. "hly lif. {A IJGus, TINB). He was pi"u. by his own choiu al" rim. when the obstad •• 10 virtu. were many (CNIOYSO!lTOM ).
6,g ·9NoAhFOMndFlU'S
1>< WHAT S~", u PU.UCT~ AUGUSTINE SpcakingofNo.h.our unerring Scrip,ur • • reil us that nc",..as.just "nd perfecr m.~ in hi. genera
thatimmortallif.inwhichrhcywillbeup.t f." u .h. ang.b of God. C'T\' OF GOt> 'S.~6.'
H,.
No .. " P ,OUS "y C " o,c~.C"lt.Ysos· TOM: Do you sec how th. Lordcrea«dou. n",urc loenjo)'frccwiU'lmean, howdidil h.ppcn.tcllme.• harwnil.thol.peoplc .howeden'hu.iasmfor .. ickedn....nd.cn · d ..ed,hclJ\Jol" •• li.bletopuni. hm.n,.thi. m.noprcdforv",uc .• hunnedas.ocia,ion wi,h,n.mand,hu.fel,no.ff.«ofpuni.h · men,! 10 " nOl e'y". l d ••• ,hal each p...on cho.. wickedne.. or virtue of his own volo · 'ion:\"ou .... if.ha'w..cnol 'h. n••• nd fre.domdidnotnav.; .. roo .. ;~ournarure . ,nooc pcople would not hav.be. n puni.hcd. norwouldo,hc...ueivc ..,..ardfor,hcir.ir· me. Sincc, how."cr,every,nmg ha.b.cn allow.d '0 remam with our choice owing 'o gracc from on high,puni'hmcnt duly "",.ito tne .inn .... andreward.ndrecompen •• tho •• who prae,icc"iffue-. HOM'"'esO'"GE"!SI S ll·S· '
I" NO .. H· S OAU iT WAS EXTIlBMBL\' D,PF, · "tiLT TO lh Ih ..... uSS.CHIl .. OSTOM Tnercfo.e.inprai.eofNoah.S
6:11-16 GOD ORDERS NOAH TO MAKE AN ARK
UNolI' 'ht tar,h was
Ov ••v, .... , Th~ W'~CI
prae,.,,~d
for ,h~ir husband.s·$ak(. lr ,$ bc:c.unof,h,$ wantonnco.thal .... an~dboth
of the 00111 of Soth. after bc:ing abandoned b)' ,h.ir hUlband$. who marricdthdaugh .... ofCain.lo.e thdt modnt y. 10 that".1I f1uh coirup.ed in path"
"Allfl .. hcorrup,~d i.. pa,h:Co..... NT...1"
( EPHRUt ) .S'C,ul"of.h,.wick.d n~". nd
O",G'NIS, s6.).).'
corruption GD
ALLFuIHCO .... U.T. D.E.H ..... TN . Sy.. · 1"":lkcauu'h'Kln.ofs..'hw~ .. goingin'o th.Qaughl.uofCam • •h~y."rn.da"·arfrom thd,foral wiv., whom'''e,. had provioualr uk.n.T".n.h"'.wl V • • • • oo.d"daln.dth.i. ownconun.ncrandno,,·.bc:cau.eof.h<:i.hu.s. u. ndJ.qu,dtlrbcgan ro.banQon thc" mod· c,,,·. ,,·;"Ucn up until th.: time th'r h.d
,h.m~nandthcW<>m.ntha'Scrip'urcuyl.
GOD CoNOI .. N, HU .... NITY .0.. V.'t eE'DHus.AUGUST' WE:Som.bocIr may oay'o m •. "W.. Ad .m, cr....d by God as ,h. fin. ",.nin th.original 1<. . . of.h .... o.ld. con· dcmn.dfo,l.ckoff.i,horfor,in! " I, ,,·uno.increduli,)· bu,disobcdicnc e ,ha, ..... ,h. eau.. fo.hilcond.mn .l1on and tn • • ~ ..onwhy.lIh;.po.. eritrarepun;ahd. C.in ,GQw'Icondemn.d.not for lock of r.i,h hut Mcau.. he l.:iIl.d hi. broth... Vlhyncedln.kfurtherproofwh.nlrcad .ha'.hi.whol.world ,,·ud.... oy~dno,fo, incredu];tybu,forwick.dn.u.CHu'T' .. " LIFEt).'
6:14IIIJtrllcr;o"JforMakj"gt/,tA rk
,
MYSY'CAL MBAN'NG OF YKB D,M BN8 ,ON S O~ YK II AR" . JUO .. B: W. read in Gene.i. • har.neark.hatNoanb uihwaothre.hun· d .. d cubi .. long. fift)' cubits wide and IhiTfj' cubiu hign. Notice,nemy.. ical.ignificanc. of.h.numbe ... · lnthenumberfifrj".pen. anai •• ymboliudbec.u.etnefi ftieln pulm of King D.vid i.th.praye rofni. cepentancc. ' Three nundred contain.th. .ymbolofcrucifi xion.TneletterTi.,he "gn foe tnree hundred. wnence Ezd,ielsay •. ' Mad, THAV on .n. fo •• hud of ,ho •• who mOan: and do not kill any marked with THAV: No on. marked wi,h ,h •• ign of the crosoonhisfoTCh.adcanh'''rud,hy,h. d.vil:h .i$ not.hletoeffae.,hi •• ign.onlr .in can.Weh.v•• poken of rh. ark. of the number fiftj·. ofth. numb.rlhre. hundred. LCf uscommc", on,hc number thirtj" buau •• ,h.ark ...... thirtj·cubitohigh.nd fini.hed.bove in one cubi"Firot,w, repen, i",henumbeefif'l·:,h.n.,hroughp.nance. w. arnve ,It the my..ec), of.h cross: we reach the my.t.c), of th. cro •• through th. !,.rfcct Word tha, i.Chri".A •• m.tterof fac,. when Je .u. ,,'u b.ptized. according to Luk•. ·h.w.. ,hirtrr·· .. of .g.: Th ... um.thic'l·cubiuw.rcfi nl $h.doffon. cubit.bov •. Fiflj·.andlhreehundred •• nd d,irtr ..... r. fini.h.d.bov. in on. cubit. ' ,hat i • . inon . · f.ithofGod. ' HOMll.IuS4. ' T HRAll" AS .. SnnoLoFCHR'STANOHIS CHURC H. AuGIIST'NE;Undoub,.dlj'the.rk is a s),mbol of the
menuofl.ngth.heightandbreadthof,heack ar< mean'fopoint to the reali.y of the human bod),intowhithhec.meaait..-uforClold that he would come. \t will be recalled th., th. length of. nocmalbOe mad. ou,of'quared,i mb.rs-a'ymbol of the four· .quar.... hiliryof.holylif•• which.lik •• cuM .• und.firmhoweve,i, .. ,u.ned.Soi,i, "",,,h.v.ryo,herdetailof,h.a,k·.consnuc. tion .'O Theraceall . ymbolsof.omcthmgin theth nreh.CtTYOFGoPJ$.!(i. "
6:17-22 GOD INSTRUCTS NOAH TO BRING HIS FAMILY AND TWO OF EVERY SO RT OF ANIMAL IN T O THE AR K
" Fa.lrtl,old.J",illlorillg"flol>dof"''' ltfl wpalllbtr .. rlh,lodwr''1''Ufl' ,b,n",/,irbllfbt Io"",h of lift fro,., .mdt. I,e"ven; tVU,I";ng 11,.. 1;, 0" lI,t r""b 11,,,// di~. " Bw. J ",illtll""_ li,I, my cotle""nl ",ill, YO II; .. nd YOIIIl, ,,11 Comt i"l o lI,t "Tk.JOII .,OIl. lon~, ,011' wifc. ""d 'OIlT ~on~' ",iVtl ",,11, JO ... " And of Cvt"living fb"fg of flub , ' Jail 11,,,11 brin: I11'o I>f tvtrJIOTl "nolbt .. rl::.loltttP l bt m"lw(",ill,JolI: Ibc,lb"Ub.m"lt"ndftm .. !r. IGOflbt birdl .. "".dinglolbrirltind! ... ndoflbt .. nim .. l!""ord;nglotb.i .J.indl.ofrtl"JfTttping tbing of'br , ... wnd ""o.din: 10 it! J.ind, IWl> "fHer] lOTI lb,,1I Comt III 10 JOw. 10 kCCp Ihcm "I,tlc: II AIJO I"kc ""Ib '0" cve.] 11>.1 of food 11,"1 i! uun. and no •• it wp; "nd It sb"l1 unt A!foodfo. JOu ""dfo. Ibtm:Z1No.. b' did Ibis; br did ,,11 Ib"l God co",,,,,,nd• .! him .
"u
·ur_oI ..... ___ ... _
... -'oI .... _-'oI....
O"...",.w, God .nnounc., that h. will wuh ."-." wllh,,·u.rlh.,,n • .,fth.w.,rld {)oHt< Of O ... M ... SCUS). The word. - I ....m•• ublllh ",). co".nan, withyou - ..c.ddru.ed ,,,all ,ho •• who ... flgh,cO"I(AM.ROSI}_ GO
·LU_..-'_ ·ur,.
T HU" WoaDI ADoauno TO TJt B R ' CHTIOU I.A"uOII:Evcry .. n:h~· ,h,ngd,.. w'lh,h.dcl"gc andonlr,h.r'gh,eou.li ... for.ver. Thw ,he word, - I will •• ublilh"'r c"".nln,,,,"h y",,-are addrcucd ' 0 ,h. "gh,ro",.H.;llhehclrofd,v'neEnc•. ,her.c,p'.ntof lheh ..... nl yi nhcritana.a.ha.erof 'hc .. errhol"~Ii.O"'No"'NIO. H.·
6:17-E,'.ryll/i"g Th .. 1 Is 0" tl/rE4rtb
5h4I1D;."
o.
Goo \\ U NU AW,\T TH. PO~LUT'O~' S' ...... ,T HW.T .... JOH"o .D~"' .. 5CUIi: F.omti"Mg' nnin~- lh •• p'."ofGod ... o.. ed
:.;;:
No..,' K .... H a So .. , SIIPA'LlT IID FIlO.. T H.,. W ' VIl.JO H.. O.O ......scul:\\!hefl N<»lt ... uorden:dtoen'orth~.rklnd ..·ai ~n,ngoftheoeedof ,he eanh. he w... giyen th .. eommand, which r .. ds:·Com~in toth.ark,you,you •• on., your wife afld your lon" ",wu," H. "'I'",...d ,hemf.omth.i.w;veo,lo,ha,w;th,h.hdp ofch""'y,h.ym,zhte",apeth.oc.. del',hlafld,h .. worldwided •• uuctiofl 0IlTHODoxF..,TH4·'S"
fI·,
6:19·21 Two DfE~erJ L;~ ;"g Tbi" g G OD 0. 0 •• , No.. .. TO BIl ING COU PUI O~ A ..... .. u INTO TOI l Au:.AUGUST'NE: A furthe''1u.ltlon uk.d by th. curioul con· ce.n.thOulln)·cr...... ' •••• maU.'ev.n,han miceandh:..d•.• uchulocu.n.beed ••. n .. , and.y.nn ..... W.n:the..,nOtmonofth.oe ,n ,he ark thin th. "umbe. pr.scrib.d by God! Thos.,.,ho r.... th .. difficulty mu .. fi ..t be rem>nded ,hat ,he word.",hlt creep on ,h. earth "i mplr th.t there ..·as no need to preury.ifl ,h•• rk Inimall that liY•• ith.rin th. ",·a, •• lik. fi.h •• oron ,h. "'· .. er .... ceruin b....h do. S"cond. th.,.,ord.$·mal. and femlle' 'mply'harth .....·unon •• d,oluy.in,h. arkJuchan,mal.u • ..,nOlborn,nrheno.mal "··rbU1popuJatefroml'""ido.inan;ma.. malte,. I O,ifrh.y ...... ,ntheark, rheycould h.,·.beenthe.. u,h·r · .. 'nou,hou.... and no[,nanrddin".numbet.Onth.orh ..
K... T ..... A u ..... E' ...... T .. BSYIl' .... : Onthafaam.day.l. phant.cam.fromth. ea.. , ap... nd pea(ockoapproac:hed from th. louth,oth.ran;m alsgl1h.,. dfromlh. w ell . .nd still olh~n hall.ned 10 com. from th~ north. Lion. came f.om rhcjungl .. ,.nd wild bc.... arrived from the" Oe.r.nd wild HO • • c.m. f.om the" l."d.,.nd .he moun •• ;n beaJtsga.hered from thc"moun .. in •. \Vhcn.ho •• ofthl,g.n... "ongath.rcd [.o ,ce] .hi. novel "gh,." wll no •• " r~pen' but rather 10 .mu.l" ,h""""lvu. Th~n ,n rh." very p •• •• nc. the lions began '0 cn,crth ••• k, ."d Ih. bulls, with nofea"hu •• i.d ,n "ghf on the" h.el. 10 Ic.krio.lr.rw;th the lton •. Thc
I., ...
_l~s.ndth.l.mb'.n'.n:dtog.'h.r,and
thehawuandthe.pa"owl log.thcrw;ththe doves and the eagl ... Co ...,~m...,. Of< GE"'.· ",,6.g... '
7:1·5 SEVEN PAIRS OF ALL CLEAN ANIMALS AND ONE PAIR OF ALL UNCLEAN ANIMALS
' Tb~n Iht LOIUI soid 10 NOllb,· "Go inlo Ibt ork. JOu lI"d 0/1 Jour bONltbold. for I bll~t Ittn rb4! JOu 4rt rigblto .. , Ittfort m. ,11 Ibil gUI,rlllion, l Tokt will. JOu I.V,,, p4i.s' of 1111 dun onimllll, Ibt mill. IInd bil mlllt;' lI"d a p"ir of lb. ""imols 11.41 tr. ,,01 d.o~. lb. mo lt .. "d I." "'''I';' ' u d Jtv.n pairs' of tbt blTd, of Ibt oir IIlso. mill. lI"d f.molc! 10 krrp Ibm k,nd alivr upon lb. faer of all Ibe .ar/b. 'For in ,.~.n daJ' I will "".1 roin upon lb • •orlb forrJ dtJs and forlJ "'ghl l; ""d rvt'J I,v'''g Ibillg' Ibllr I bo~t mod r I will biOI 0111 f rom lb. faIT of lb. grollnd." ' And No"b" did ,,11 Ibal lb. LOIW 1.".1 ,ommandrd him.
·1o,n,0 .hca,k:bt ly mboh,.U rcommandl th.rlgh'eoul to • •• kth<"uth.wh,ch .• mid ,bt dcJugt of pau lono. wi1l dlrc n him to u1· vallon.Th. numb. " leven and ,woof the p.inofclunandundeananimabrecelved m.oth. ark lrmbo[,~• • h.ptlnCLplCJofpcr· f,(1I0n and Impuf.."on (A .. 8IlQU). The ark r.uiying clean and undean animab prdig. urel lhechurch , whoc h allo",.lhou whoarc un c1ean '0 dweU u tare o "'ith th. clean onc. brrcasonof .oleranc.andnolbccaunofa ,0,alfa'lurcofdlsciphn e(AUGusTI... ). God dca,I)'lhowl ,h;.. ).
.- 1
i. in Ihe bod,·.1f Ih. mInd .. <"'1311' • •h. houleLlufc;thelou1i llafeiflh.loulil un;njurcd: Ihc n..hal", ,. un;njured. A ,cm· pc.ue mInd ' U I.a,nl
~:~:;;',:~::r~: ::~!;:
7:1 ·3 God Tt/[,No,bfoGo,lIfolbtArk
S ..... O LlS ..
Dn~M" MU"'NG OF THi \Vo .. ","Go ''''TO T H ~ A .. ,,; A....ost: B.. , a d.ep.r m .. n.n~ iud. u. 10 b.lIevc ,ha, Ih •• ".nglh of ,hc m,ndi n,hc.o ul andthc.oul,nthe _dYllwhallhcfatherof"famiJrio,nhi. nou ••. \Vh. , Ine mInd 11 In th •• oul.th •• oul
no,,· why ;1 "'''" n,duedtha. , ••• n male. and .e.en femalu of dun anImal . andt ... o mal •• and two fe mal.. of undean ono , we .. rtcelved
OF TH ~
P.. , ..,
OF
Cu ... ", ..... 0
U .. C L ...... AN ...... U. A ....ou,
:.~.
U,
U. I U
j
1 I
intothuk.sothatthe..,eda!lov~,the .. rth might be nourished. And. ao I bclieve. it i. said that. dean week begins. since pure and hol)'i . numb~r.even.!nfac'i'isun"ed,ono numb~,
and genera,ed by no number. Therefore i, is uid '0 be virgin. because i'g.nerate. nothing from iuelf. and we ma)' add tha, thi. i,uid with goodreaJon.Jincei,i. lacking a nd immune (corn maternal childbirth and (corn in«
T H B A " " AS
off.r~ducrific.toGodofth.d.an.notof,h.
unclean. But th •• rk "'u no, on.ha, aCC
t ioni,i.prophuied that in the church ther. w illb~lheimpurebyrea.onoftol erance.nor
becau.e ofcoTTup . ionofdoctri neordissolu· tion ofdiociplin •. Furthermore. 'he undun .." imal,d id nOt hrcak their ",ay in.o ,he ark thro ugh a nypartof,hest,ucture. hu,hecaus. thea,kwa~an integral ",hol •. ,hey.n,credh), theone .. ndo"l)'.n tr.n",h",he."hi .." hadrnade.F..tTHAN"WO"KS~7."g.·
7 :4-5 NOllh Did AI th e Lo rd Co"''''"nd . d Go" S HOWS THATTHBD nuGB Is CO",' NIi . EPHU", TH~ Snu.N: God granted one hun· d..dy... rswhil.th.ark",a$b.ingm.d.,o th.tgencution •• ndllm,h.ydidno,repent God,u mmonedbusts,ha,theyhadnever • .. n and uill th.j' , howed norcrnOrS<, H. c... hli.hed ... ateofp.",. berw.enthep«d· a,oryanimalo and ,ho.e who a« pr.yed upon , .. nd Ilill ,hey had no ...... God dclar.d Y" $even more day. for ,hem .• ven .f.. r No.h and eoery creature had entercd.h. ark, leaving ,he g... of.h. ark open to ,hcrn.This i•• wondrou.thi ng that nO lion remcmbtrcdits jungl. and no Ip.ci~. of he a., or bird vi~i .. d ill cu.. omarj'haunt~ Although ,ho.eof .ha, generationsa,,·.lIthatw.ntonoutJid.and in$id.th.ark.thcy ........ iIlnotp... uad.dw renounce .hclT ~vild .. d •. Co"'MBNTARyON GBN~SIS 6.,0.~ .'
'PL1.,197,CSELIZ.
7,6·9 NOAH GETS READY FOR THE COMING DELUGE
' NOQ~" III~I ,ix ~wndred yurl ord III~'" ,he }lood of 1II~lCr, '"'''' W pOIl th. unh. ' And No"h· "nd hil IOnl "lid hi, lIIif' "lid ~il lonl' ",i~CJ lIIil~ him lIIenl in,o 110, arlr.. 10 u'''P' ,he "'''ttTS of Ihe }lood. ' Of dUll ui",,,IJ , "nd of "n;",,,1I 110", "re nol dun . "nd of hird,. "ndof'Utr]lb'"glbQ' "rep' Oil Ib,trownd. ' ''ltO ""d,,,,,,. "''''' "ndf,m"le. "'enl inlO,b. "rk 111;,10 NOQb.· '" God had
O ......... ,.w,Noahp,.figu,.. Chri...ndth. wood afth. ark the ""'" wh,m carri.. '" '" d.h""r.ancc.Thef..milrofNo..hintheark .... , pr.figur.auon of&:hc ChnJllan church (Aucus· TlN.j. I,,&:hc.rkrru:nandwom.na..... p.....,.d. and dUhmc rul ... ob......d in ,h. church in Npdlm (C'lOJl.oFJEIt.IISAI.I Mj.
holr man. who alone in ,he whole hum.~ ract ,og.. herwilhhilwhol.hou"d."ry.dloh< dd,y...dfromlh.flood'Andilnollh. churchpr.r.g"redbrNoah.ndhiolonl~n..,.
Clcape ,he flood. wJ[;' wood {wh ,ch.ymbol· i~CI the crou l carry,ng Ih.m. TUCTATU 01< THIGOSPILOfJO " NII.7.~. '
M .. I< A.. DWa .. . " Mun Bs KIIP T SIIPA. .... T. ' " C" UIICH.CYI.'lOFJ • • USA~''': Du.;n"he.«u.luo~i.m ... hil.wa'''ngfa • •h. a,h.rI . lel men be with men Ind women wllh wom.n. For now I n.ed Noah', ark ,h., I marhly.Naahandhil ... no,og .. h." .. p" ruefrombilwife.ndhi,.onl·w,vu.Fot .llhough the .. kw",o n.lnd.bedoo, "'1. cl"ICd.y.. deco,umwuob,.,v.d .So no ..· .hough Ih. ch urch doo ..... barred and yo~ are.Uinlid •• I.tdlltinct;anlb.kcpt: m.n with m.n, wom.n with women. Le! not the
7,7·9 No ..b, Hi, F" mily "nd 'h. Alli mols EnltrthtArk NOAHANOTHIA."'ASS"UOUO. C ... UTA .. OTHINAT ' O.... AuCIIST' .. B Chd.. wual"'''prescn..d,nN""h.andth. warld.,n that ..k. Fo,why ..... all IIYlIIg c,.. ,u,.. lhu, upinth.,.rkexcep, .al ignify all the nuianl! Far God did nOt lICk Ih. cap •. bililj'ofcrullng.n.,,·.v.ry lpee;ei of living Ih,ngl.Forwbennocreatureiw.re,nui.I · .nc•• didhenol",)·."Letth... rthbring forlh"'andlh.eanhbroughlforlh!Sofrom th .... m...."rccuh.m.d.,h.mlh.n. h. could remlke ,h.m. God mode ,hem by a word .... God could remake .hem by. wa,d. T .... CTATU O"T". GO.PBLO.JO""9.H.: :
prin('pl.af"lya"onh<mode.prel<~lfo,
'pi.ilUallicenlC. KcepingclolC'''I•• hcrlll good rule . proy;ded . hlt palllOIl "kep'." di .. ance. C nlcHn,cuLBcTua u,. ·
THII CHII"C .. I~P"EF ' GU'1I0,,,NOA"AI
:~-
7:10 16 GOD CAUSES RAIN TO FALL FOR FORTY DAYS AND FORTY NIGHTS
'OAnd af,n uv.n daY' Ib r walrr, oftbeflDod ,,, me upon tb e uT,h. "In Ibes,xbw,,,ircdlbytarojNo,,b's' life. in ,heJCtond monlb.onl beltvenuenlb' d"y of lb. monlh. on ,ho( day all Ibe foun,a;'" of I~ e grra' dtcp bll.lt fo.lh, and Iht windowI' of ,lot b."vcrlJ ...ert optn.a. J1 And ,ain ftllllpon Ibt .a,lh jorry a"y, ""a forry nigb'l. liOn Ih t vcrys"mr day Nooh· ""a his 10"1. Shtm a"d Hom ' ""aJophtlh. ana NoahJ· "'ift and IhtlhrttWlUtl0fbulons",irb,h.mtnltrtalht",k, ",btJa"dtvcryhtolt ""otaing lom ki"d,a"d"llth""ult""o.dingtorhtirbnaJ.a"a,vtryerupingrhi"grh"I'rupsonl~'
earlh.",ordingloiu.l:ina. tvtry bird o"oraing 1o ill.l:ind.cvr,y&"aofevtrJso'l. UThry "'.", in/o Ihe "rk ",ilb No"h.· IW" "nd 'wo of all fltlh in whi ch therr "'''' ,b. hrto,h of lif. " Ana Ihry 110,,1 enur.d, m" ie .. nd f ...."ie of ,,11 fit,h, w'e" , ,n "I God haa com m .. "a.d him; and ,b,Lo_oshlll ~;III in .'
OV . .... ' RW: The
deluge
c. u,~d
b)' God demo
'matra,., how h. may ac,,,,ely 'n ....... n. In earlhly dfa,u ( Sa~y .... TH, Pau.rru.). God bTlng' un Ih.dtlugc ru. forry d.y, 10 th. , oom.m.nandwom.nmigh,"illr.pcn,and .omehow e".p' the .uin (CHIlYSOITOM ). Th. mo,,,h, and yeatS lI ,h. «• ...., h. dou not wan, Noah M dJ ....-.:I by me sigh. of .he d,"as,er (CH1t.Y&OSTOMj. Thon who have rno«n.obeouuid.rhedooranm ... p ... v.nt~d /Tom b.uk,ng Lt down (EPHU" ), Sin€< th. iamill' ofNoan ma, .nteU the ark cOllSllU of .. gn'ooull . ..,m.p...lml ..... nml.d·forth. ocu ••·u . .. f.... n«.o m.u •• d (j UO.. I ). God doKd the an:·from ""thou," not hy Quc.nd,n~physic.llrhut ... witn ... toh;.
,h.
.0
.Imighf)· pow~. (jO S1"lN M.UTH).
i:10·12 Th t Flood Co... " upa n ,b_ Earlb T HII
DRLUG.
Paovu T H.TGO D I"T. '"
VH"U ' NEA"TH LY AF."'''5.S''LV''''''TH~ P"SUT~": And I"C" what~"AIl Ih. foun · lainsof th.g rca,d •• pw... brokcnup.• nd .hcfloodg.. uofh •• v.nw ... opencd.And ,h .... nftllupon.h..... hfo.lj"d·YI.nd rortynighu:And.l"tI.later:Andallfl"h 'n.d ....oy.d.h .. 'mo ... duponl ......,h: L And again. "And NOIh onl)' ,emained a!i n Ind.hcrthltwe.. ",,,hh,m,n,hc.rk."' Her. and nO'" J wil h.o alk th.m who call G od ,ndiffucn, 10 hum. n Iff.... ",hc,h.r th.)· behcv.,ha: ",h"nm.h•• "hcrc...d fo,
canhlyaff"l'ro or in •• rv.n.d in Ih.m , Govu"'ANcaPFGoP '.1.' W",y 0015 GOD B. , ,,, .. 0 ... THI DILUGI • 0. FOITT D... ,,! CHU.O,TO.. , Tbe fac., ,oo,lhl,hcbrough.onthedclugcforfony daYI .ncl n'ghu furlher wonderful lign of h.. l"",ngkinclnu •. Hilpurpo •• inhil grca. goodnn........ . ha.lfl ......om.of.h.mmigh, com •• o .hctrscn ..... nd.lC.pc .ha"mcr rUln,hav,ngbeforc.hc"·YCl.h.lnnihil.,,on of,h."pcc ...ndth.d • .,ructlonabou••o o".rwh.lm.h.m.l m
11.
1''''
DU.A1'IO" Of 1'010"'1'''5 A",n 1''''11;5 AT THIT, ... OFTHIDILU01l.AuGU5n .... ,1t1l nn ... !lm.ln.uminclh •• vid.nc.,h"prO"CI con,,;ncingly Iha, ,he bibl,eal y.... , 10 f.. from hc ,ng onJI' one· •• nlh u lons .. oun, wercprccu.<':Iy .. long ...h. prcs.en, ool.at y..n.l1", ,,tt,,.of,h"yunu.,,dinglYlng Ihou urr.mcll' long lir•• pan •. It i....,d,fot ... mpl.,.hat.ht flood occur..d in .h.,,~ hundr.d.hy.arofNoah'.. lif•. Su.no.ic.,h. full ,u,,·Tb. ",.1 ... of ,h. flood overflow.d ,hecarrh,n,h.llzhundrcdlhy.uoflh.lif. of No.ah , on ,h. Iccond monln, in Ih. ' ..... n'y· .e,·.n,hd·rofth.monlh:No", .no", worcll art,n.xphc.bl.if'yca,,,·uoolhor:.nalit 'OO~ ,en of Ihem to mIke One of ou ... Tbll
wouldmeanlhatly,..rhadonlylh,rry-li~
d.y •. Forlolhon~year(ifi'wu.c.ualJy callcdayu,in.ndcn...... gt} either h.d no mon.h. 11 all,or if 11 h.d twcl"c monlh.,.hcn uchmon.hco"lclhuch1dbullhrccdays . Ho .... then , [an .. eJ uplain the wo...u of.he leXl,·inlheli~hundrcdmy.u."inlh._.
ondmonlh"nlh.,,,,enry-Ieven.hd.yof.h. mon.h." unlUI ,he mon.h. men ",Ut ,h. lime .. mey ... now! Tbe.. " no om.. "'ay ofupl~inlnghow.h.f100dcouldbc""cI.o
hlvehad.abcg,nn,ngonth.<wen'y' •• ~nth day of.he.econdmonth. ClTY Of GoP 'S,I • .'
7, 13- 16 Tb,
L~rd
Sbut Noa b;" Ib, Ark
Goo E""ulI;lS NOA H', W.LL-BII ..... C HU . S05TO.. , The .n'locs on, ·Th" Lord God .hu•• b •• rkf.om.b.ounid •.·Nouetin,hi. place loo Ih. eonlid.r •• en... in,h •• xp ... · lion·God lh utlh • .,kfrom,h.outlid.;,o tcach ullh.lh. h.d.n.urcd ,h. good man'. (ompl .....f.. y,Th.....onforadd,ng·from ch.ou."d.·.o·h•• bu'wUlha,.h.good m.nm'gh'no.Mlnth.pol,,,onof .... ing .h.d'lutcroc(urandluff"."ng."cngrcuer di .. r.... ! mean,ifh.b...,.,d.d over Ihlt tcr· ribl.f100dand 'Cli ndcliblyinhll m;ndlh . clCI.. uclionofch.humanracc,.h.complc.. .nnihil..iono(allb,u.. bca.uand,h.di.... p· pcaranc.,II"",cr<,ofpcopl.,animal.. a,," .h.urrh ,.ulf. ht would h'''CMCnd, • . ,urbcdand.ng .. "h.d.Ho"'LlIs o"GIN. '
s.. ~S .• ~.· Goo S Hun TH. 00011; To P"'''''''T T..ou OtlTlIDI'lI;o .. B.. u"",,.,,I,,,.E'HU .. THl S~"'A" ,· Th .:'or" ohu: .n.doo,befor.
Nnah."len tho.e left behind comeat.hr.ime ofthefloods.ndbreakdown.hegateoftbe ark.Tbedtlugec.me.nd"Godblouedoul.1I fle.h.OnlyNoah,.,asleft.nd,ho.etha,,,,ere withbimin,he.rk." The . pring,oftheaby.. .nd ,he floodgate. ofhuven wue "pen forty day•• ndf""y nlghu •• ndrh. "o.kwas.flool f"."ne bund.ed fiftyd.y.:' CO.""E"TA~Y o"Ge,us.s6.II.l ,· H ow TH. All>: WU CLOS.D "1l0M \V. T" · OUT.JU5T, ,,M""TTI,"G,,ddosed.h...k,,f Noah from without:' You should no. im.gine th .. theunb.gouenG"dhim.dfde..ended or uce nded from any pl.ce. Fo,.heineff.ble F•• her .ndL"rdofaHnei,hercome.to.n)· place,n"r ",.lks,nor $leep., n",.ri.e., bUI .lw.ysrema in .inhi'pl.ce,whereve,i,ma)
T,U OC TAV,,: Juo.u: [We..,e ,ha, ) eerUm p•• lm •• retided"fortheocuve: Thisi.rh. day"n which the.yn.gogu.co m.. '0 an end .ndlhechurchisbo,n."Thi'i.,hedayin,he number of which eight.oul. we.. pre.c.ved inthe.rkofNo.h,.nd"itscounterpart",,< church:.ay. Peter. "no,,'uve. you,"" Ho.,,· LIU93· "
'G-7.;<. 'FC91,HI. 'G.<.H6. "FC6.J.OS. ''Th<
7:17-24 THE DELUGE COVERS THE EARTH
" Tbejlood co n.inu edf(>Try day!' upon rh! .anb.and rbe warer>incr!aud. and borr up rb! arl:. and ir roH high above rb! Nrtb. " Tb! waur! prevailtd ana incre"ud guady "p"n tbr earrh; and !br ",k jloaud on th facc of tbe wafeT!. " And Ihe waleT! prevailed!o migb r. i1Yllpon theeartblbatallrbcbighmollntain! undertb! wholtbeaven Wtrl (ov/TelI,'Oth e
water! prevailea aoov! th, mountain! . covtring tblmfiftIC" c"bif! acep. " And alijl"h dild tbal moved upon tbl .arlb, bird!. "'Ilk beam. all swarming "ralu rc' Ihat .warm upon tb! earlb, and every man; ::evtrytbing on tbe dr)' land in wbolt nOllril. wa! Ih, brlatb of lift aird. ll HI blotua our rvery living rbing : that wM upon the fa" of tb , ground . man and animal> and creeping tbings and bird, of tb e air; they were bloma oll r from tb ~ cart;'. Only Noah ' wa,leJ:, and tbell tbal WIre witb him in rbe ar~. 2'A nd Ih , wal l" pr. vailrdupon IheraT!h" hundrtdandJiffyday> ·!.UMIo .............
'=.........,...
_
.,(_
) ·LUNo<
O ....V' ."" Th. del"g<'
u. by .h~ ,uum. of ""nu .nd ,he. .igh,~oU$_ n ..... of Our .. inu .... pre..,rv~d. For ,h, ~~.,. nm~ Ihing i. at i .. u. wilh '~g.,d 10 N .... h and inou,owndar:bap,i.mi • • nood. o th • • inncr Ind I consecration ro [hefai'hful: by .h,Lord·, wuhing • • ight
S ...MON S JO.:.' T HI D uuo.CO .....s T H a EllnH. CH.Y ' SOSTO.,: I, i. no, ... i,hou'purpo'" ,ha, Scrip.ure d~fCribc. all ,h i,.o u•. In" ..d • iupurpo,. i,foru • •o I,arn ,na' no. only pcoplc.cattl •• fou,·foo •• dbeulland"p,iJ" ",."d.own.d bu,alt.o ,h. bird. of h.... en .ndwha.ev(,inhabi,,,d,nemoun'ltlU. nlmely• • n'm.l • • ndo,h....ild cr""'u" •• H.nc.lh.,u, .. y•• ·Tbefloodro.. fif... n cub". l bo.... h.molln' .. n': fo. you '0 1...n,ha',h.exccu
1: 11-20110. Flood COJlli,uw!or FOri]
Do,.
Fo.,l' D.. u P .. IFlGU"'" L.... ' .... " R A~'n ... MIIK1"'USOf T.U ., ... :Rutl.tu• ••• ... h....hi.mo .. . IC..dnumb.. offonyd.y. hdll. b'ginning.W.r..dfiTlfin.h.Old Tes"m.n, ,h .. In ,h•• im. of NOlh . wh.n cTlm ,noj",,,kcdn . .. h.d .. ,=.d.h.whol. hum.nrau " orr~nuof"'"' .. pou.. dfonh f.omlh.op
'Cf,c...1,1.:II.1.'ef.' I'o< ,,zc,Z:_ 'The ""' ........ bop<_
.. ..........-._ • ...,-_._..
14 '
'-
· ~· S(l," '
'G.1
... ·''''''
mnl Iheir end. Then. ann luching 1,1.$ . h. g.eathe,ghl .nchedbylhef100d ... uerJ andthefactlhutheyrouafunhe.fineen ",bi" above .he mounuin pub. it funhe. add. ou. of fidelity '0 i"charlclerinic p.eci.;on ."Thereperi.hedall f1nhthal moved on ,he unh-birdl. In;m.b. every rep.ilethu moved on ,he ear
S,.,.... ,
Wilh th •• yeofmy mind Ign.duponpar.di.e. The , umm;, of cvef)· mountain "lowerlhan"• •ummi. IhecrefloftheflOO......."'u'....'
7:21·22 All F1t1b Ditd T HB BB ..TH o. L,n.Auc uITI NI: Th.n.a l"tl.fu.. hcron,nthe .. mebook {Genc ... j. one couldJu.... e.sil)· h.... noltccdthcv...e "Everythingonthedryl.nd.nwho•• noltril. ",·... hcb ... ,hoflif.died:Thil mUnJ thlf .... ry·dung.h.,IJV.don.h . .. rthpcr"h.din
[he flOO ... "
TH . D nuG.S r ... o Ll ZB5TH.)UDC ... Nr OFGoO .)UIT.",M.uru:\Vhenthe.acred ,u' llate " hat,he.n[itecanhw.. ,nun . dated ... ,he ...... , r... ch.d. h.,ghlof twenly·th
Lo .. ., l.o .. u R"::HT.OU ....'u. H ..TU INIQ U.Ty.BI02:W•• eadinthcnoryofholr Noahhowhcminculouslyucapcdthcflood whichdutmy.dlhci mpiou. b)·be in£pr ... . .rvedwHh hi, hou ... hold in ,hc a. ).;." From thi'H 11 evid.n, to.v.ryone that the Lord who lovu "gh,.ou.nuo Ind hit.. ,n,'1u"y" know.ho,,· .oddwuth'p'OUlfroml.mp"· ,iOllandto punllhth.;mp,oUJ wothlhrpun · i.hm.nlthc)· dc •• rv •. .. . Through.ptrltual
und~"Iand;ng .hillame rnr U Ihown ro bt fu.JJofmo..., ••crcdmy... riu .... henrhe ..kil di"e.ned u, lignify .heu.hol,cchllr
... hidl ..... I moorh ~nd co~m with pneh." rhereaeh~ .. whouc"al"·.~r ... , .. ultof their failh . ONTHB TUU.NACU '.7.69. "
--------------- "
8:j·; THE OCCUPANTS OF THE ARK STAY ABOA RD FOR A Y E AR
' BII! G,d reme",b.red Noab' Gnd GIl tb. b.~m and all tb. ,atrl.' tb~1 w.f • ... itb bim in tb. ~rk. And God ",~dt ~ ... ind blo ll' ov., rb ••"'Ib, ""d tb. wale'llllblidcd; ' tb.follnl"i"l of tb. dup alld lb. "';lIdD"'" of tb . "UV'II I wcr. cloud. lb. ,a;n from tb. b.aV.nl "'''' ,wr~illtd, ' ,,"d Ib t "'4.cr, r.ctd.dfrom lhe ."rtb contill .. ally_At lb • • lId of a bWlldru! "nd fiflydGY I lb...."Irrl b"d Gbaltd: ' IInd In lb. 5t~t nlb monll" on tb. irvtntttntb t dllY oftb. monlb. Ibt "rk 10 rtll "pon rb. mOUIIIII;n l of Ar","!. 'Alld Ibt ...au" (onunw.d 10 IIb"ltwllrillbtl.lltb molltb; ,n Ib.ltnlb mOlllb. or. tbtfiWd"yoflbtltlonlb. lbtlop' of
,a",.
.brmounlll;nl .... r.lttn . •uu;r
... .... _
. . . · 1 . U _ (..... _
0" ••,,' . ..., The love of God accompanIes No.h and.1I ,h. o<cupanu of rhe Irk .hroughou,.he deluge (CH~'~). Tnt wind ICIII by God II .he Holr Spi". (A....on). Th. ark rcmainl ano ... for l SO day •. "" I ,," occupanrocouLdnOILu y tll btfor.36S dIY·(EpH ....... ).
8:1 ·3 God R.m. mo.r.d Nub
l ur _
_
C HU.OSTO" : Sce how God did evcryrhins Out of 1., I ",.um for .he human bting. Al ln ,heClu of ,he dc",·ucrionofhumlnbt,ng.,n the flood ht du.royed 0.1&0 .. Long wlfh Ihem th~whol ~ rang<'ofbrure be..." .", In .hll c",
I ]
~
::';o:~~:rhl:~";=1;::~:~' ~;~~;:;;:~~r~:~
1
him.h . uttndl h"g""dne5l Io ,h • • nim.l kIngdom U ..... L1. Ih~ wild bea." . Ihe .. and Ihe rep,ilu. "God .... as mindful of No.h ; th.,u' ''''Y'."andof .U th. wild btas... aLL ,h.
i
,.d.
j
1
canJ.anda!lth.c~ptil.sthatw..."w;th him inth.nk.God •• ntawinduponth... rth . and th ....·... r.ubsid.d .. B.ing mindful of Noah. th. tex. uy •. and ofthos. with him in th.atk.h.dir.credth.f1oodofw ......ohah .otha.litd. bylittl.h.might l ho ...·hi.ch.c. acr.ri .. klov •• ndnowgiv.th.goO!at< of tranquili.ybygranringhim,h •• njoym.ntof d.ylight.ndabrearhoffruhair."God •• nr a wind upon the.arth.and ,h .......... ub.id.d. Th.lOrr.nlSof,h.d.p,h.and,h •• lui"galC$ of h.aven were .hu. off.. HOMIUU ON G""l' SIS ~6.10 .'
T HE W , ND StiNT BY GOD is n u Hou SPIRI T.AMBROSE: "And,heL<>rdKntabreach ovec ,h. eanh and ,he wa ... lub.id.d: I do nOf beli.v.th.tthi.h • • be.nsaidbecauseund.. th.nam.ofbr.athw.m·r·hinkof,h . ...·i nd. In fact th. wind had no po"'cr '0 dry ,he del· ug •. Oth.rwi •• th . .... wh ichi. mov.d .... eCJ da)' by the wind •. would become .mpty. How wnuld,h •••• becom.emptrbecauscofth • • ".ng,h of ,h. winds alon.1 Isn't ittru. thal ,h"'ceng,h ,hat nvcrCame th e deluge spr.ad all owr the unh ,n th • ..,-called ColumM of Hercul.,'andth. ,·ast.eaboilingov.tth.tnps ofthchigh.stmountain.!Ther.isnodoubt. ,hcrcfort"ha"har ddug. wu Jub.idcd br.h. i,,,,isibl. power of the Spirit. not thrnugh.h. wind .... uchbut,hroughdivin.in'.rvention ON NOAH ,6.S8. '
8:3-5 Tht W
th. fnllowing year, according to the lunar reckoning, th.re w... thr.. hundred.;~.y. fiv. daY"No';c. thcn tha,c".n the genera · tionofthehous.ofNoah.mploy.dthisreck . oningofthreehundr.d'ixty.fivcd.oysin a y.... \Vhy.h.n.houldyounyth.tit\\·uth. ChaJdun.andEgyptian, ,.,hoinv.ntcd.nd d.vclopedit~CoM"INTARYON GIN HSIS
OAr rhe uld ~ff~TI] do]. Noob' opened Ibe lIIi"dolll of Ibe art ... birh he bad IIIodr. ' and
unl f~ r rb a TO~CII; ' a"d ir wenl ID a"d fro' IInlif rhe walers were dried up from rb. ta rrb, 'Then be unlforrh a do~e from him.' I~ Jee if Ihe walefJ bad lllb.idrd fr~1I! Ihe face of IIw groM"d; ' bMr Ihe dovc f~lInd 1I~ plaer ID HI hu fOOl. a"d sbe Tcl ll rlled ID bill! 10 rh. ort.for tht wOltfS wtrt ' l iII On lb. fACt of lb. whol. urth. So h. pilI fOTlh hi. blllld and lOOt bu and &rollghl h.. inlO lb. II rt will, bill!. ' OHt wailed IInolb.r ,e~.n do], . alld again bt
""l
foTlb Ibcdovt 0111 oflbe art; " a nd rhe dove CAll!. bAct 10 bill! In Ibt tvrning, Gnd 1•• inb., m~lIlh A fft.hly plllettd oli~t Irof; ,. NOG!.' kn ... , Ihal lb. wOlen had , .. &.id.d frOlll lb. urth. u Tb.n h. wailed ollolh., Itvell do] •• and .. Ill f~rlh Iht do~t; alld .he did nOI mllTn lohilllally more.
o ...... "' ...·'Theraven ....hich,, lenrfo.rhby No.h.i. h id cap.iv. by glu .tony and don nOI retunl ,o.h •• rk (PauDI..-rIIlS, CH.YSOSTO.. ). Th • .oven ' Tmbol,zu rhos. Chd'"an. who havingbeenbapr;udhav.goneutral' (AUGlln' .... Bloa). Th. d""r . ... h,ch No.h .end. aftrt.h... ven.bring • • n ol,V. brand, back,o,hear~.Thi. b,.nchno'Dnly .. vul. ,h .. ,h.delugch...b••• dbutalJo ....ymbol ofth.p.Dm ... d.v.rlall;ng~ace ( AUGul· TI1"I}. The dov. i,a.ymbolofthe Hol),Splm (A .. llOOn.B.o l). oftheal>Din"ngbyoil,n chtllm •• ion (SI"') and of Ch, ill (MAX1"IIS "F TURIN). The end of.hr deluge can be com· p...dwithrhrrndof,hrpc,,,,,cullon. th.r .ho..... holiv.;nChri.th.v.rolufl'.. rin.h. wD.ld ( AuGUSTlNI).
D ' D Noy R .Tu . .... B. OE: Noah ",anltd '0 knou' ho'"tinng. 11""'; on th. f.a
T ... RAVE ...
ofrheearthwhenrheillulldniOllh.dco.... ro an end. and he lenrfor
lowingu.etior Ihing •• rhat i •• the dUI.es of ,h • ..-orl
R" u ... DOli
NOT R ITU .... TO T H E
A ••• ignth" Ih. flood had abaltd th. dovr u no'"bringing Rack.o,he ark,nh"b.. k
,hcbuddinggrccn branch of an olivc. Forthc tavcn.hdd captive hy glullony. d ungtofo"lbo
T... T,.ISOM. SOUNO OF TH IIC . O...·. AUOlIsnN" Yo"oonutk"owwh.n .ha.l.ut hou.i.goingtocome a"dy., youuy.· la m ..forming: \\'hen .... yoDgo'ng tur.fo.m~ \Vh.n are you go,ng toch .. ngcl - Tumurrow; you sa)·. Ekhold. h..... onen you uy:Tomorro .... 'omo'ro ....... Youhav ..... llyb.:comc .. cro,,·.Bchold.I"'y.oyouth ... ,,·h.nyoum..1« th. nor.., ur .. cro ..·• ruin il .h rut." ing you. For th .. 'crow wh .... u ..·.ngyou 'mit......... n.funh from ,h. "rL: .. nd d,d no, r.turn. S . .... ONS ON THiLI TURGICUS ....ON.U ....•
i.forcvcrin lcaf.C ... ,ST'A" I .. , TIlUCTrON ~.16 .1 • .' T .. s 0 0"1 AS A S .... aoL OP TNI HO LT Sp,arT. A .. non, Th.oil i. no, for ,h"yn2· gogue •• inc~ it don not pouu •• h. oli ..... nd did no, und ... und ,h. dove tha, brougb' Nclt.htoL ,ft bran.haher.h.nood. Fortha. dove de K.nd.d .f...wards.' wh.n C h.i.. wu bcingb .. p.i,..d .. nddw.ltwithh,m.,.. .... hn brough.w,.nc",n,heGoopeluy,ng, -I . . .., .h. Sprr1td..ccnd,ngfrumhcav.nu .. duv•. andit r.main.dupon him:' LITT.a s 40." . N
T .. . OU .. I B...... c ... S. oE:Ah.r(.herav.n ] h••• n' .. doy .... nducam.,oh,m'n,h. cv.nr ng, c.. rrying in UI mouth an oIiv.branch with gre.nleavc •. " \"OUI.. payinga"~n'ion.l b.:liev •. and ..ith your'nt.Uec.)'O".no"p ... rn .... 1 Ipulr..The oli ... branchwi.hg... nluyc... .h.g•• ce uf.heHolrSp;m • • ich,nth . .... o.d. uflife . th.fullneuofwhichrulluponChri" • (... ] thep ... lm ... ys,·God·rourGod.hao .norn,ed you wuh the oil ofgLadn ••• above your f.lIow,:" Co nce.ning ,h"gif. g,vcn '0 C h., ...l fdlo ......... hn .p"'ru'· \"ou h .. ye.h. "noln"ng from.h. holy on •• and you kno ..· all thing.:" And br a moot beautiful conJuncuon ,h cfigure i. inagre.m.n, wi,h.h. fulfill m.n, _acorporul doyeil roughtthcoLiv. branchtoth<arltwh,chwu",... hedt.,·tb< "·""r.of ,h.f100d;d"' Hol)"Sprr't';'OK.nd.~
T .. ~ CL ..•• B"ANCH SY>.IIouo:: n E.-Ma. LAliT ING P.ACIl.AuGU'TI"l, lt io not diffi · , ult .o ••• wh yu. rlaltingp... ' .....gnifi.d b,·th.oli,·.branchth",hedove.rClurn,ng. brough,back tothark. For we kno"· that th e .moo,hl urfaccofuili. not .... dilrhind ...d by .. diff.r.n'li'lu"!.And,h.o!r ...... r..elf
in ,iI.fo.mof.,orpo.... ldo .. cupon.h.Lo ,~ .... h. n h. wuhap'ilCdin.hew •• u.of .h.J .. r· dan. Not onl)"tht human b.:lngs bu t a1soth.
l,ving ching. which che ark contained. and allothe vtry wood from which cht ark Wal made. prtfigu,., III membtn orChri.. and of thechllrch .fterOllr reccp.ionofthcwuhing of ,he wl ,tr.of regcntration.ThrOllgh . hc anoinung of Ihe ,""cred m ri.m ma,. wc bt .. gntdwithlhcgraceoftheHol)·Spi ri,.and mayhcdcign.oktcpi'inviola.c'nll.... ho h,m ... lfgavci.[.ow].je.... Chnacoll.Lord whowirh.hc almigh'j'Flrhtt,nrhcllni, y o{ rht umc HoI)'Spiri. hvulnd,cIgrufo,alJ Ige •. Amen. HO .. ,LY I.,~." T H ti
Dovl ..s ..
S .... . O LO' CH .. lIT. MAlI, '
" "'O~T" "' N:Ch "" ""do",,btuu.c ht
commlnd..
dove,hl,oncc hutencd to No.h·. ark m ,he flood now cOmu.o Ch rilt"ochurch in b.ap. tilm.S .... oNS 64.~ ...
8, 11 · 12 Tb, Dour Don NOI RtfllrII TH S ENO O F TH B DBLOG Il Co ..... "." WITH P ...1l 5 CUT,o"a.AoGUST,W.t: The.ecularpow... of.en and for a long umc .pa rc the wicked from corporal puni.hmenl .nd ,.,Jiue ... m. of them from Ihelf ha ..,,,. menu. b,.. the helnl ofholr mtn nu .. hu. In)" "p"e un.iI.h ce ndof lh c world from Ih e .infulconduClofmen. ililthw .... h.v.
TlltiE .. oo,
H8."
8:13·19 NOAH. HIS FAMILY AND THE ANIMALS GO OUT O F THE ARK
Il l" Ihe six blmdred ,md frrst y'lJr. i" Ih' first monl h. Ih 'frrll .llly of lhe monlh. 11., "'!J urJ ",ne .lr ..dfr"m offlbe ellrlb; Qnd NOlJh' removed Ih, touering oftb. arl:, a"d bt nold . Ib t f!Jer of Ib ~ gro wn d wu dry. " In Ih, ,tro"d mO"lh. on Ihe 1I''''"I.~.lt v.nlb d"J of 11.. mO"lb. Ih. UTlh "'''' dTY. " Tb," God' , ,,id to No"h,' .. "Go jonh from dJ/ark. Y"" !Jlld JOII' "'ift. IJ nd YOII' JM' "nd your Ion, ' wiun will. YOll . " Brillg forlh wilh Jo" tvr ' yliv'"l"l hing lhlJt i, wilhJo", ojallfi"h-bird'lJ" dlJni ma l,andtvrry
Ov .......... '\VhenN""hd."''''bar\t' .llcr,h" ddugc. Godencollr<>.guh,m.n c"uy.h,ng (CH ..f50STO ... ). Chas"'y ... uob." ....edln .h~ a.k,blltafter.h.ddllgcm.rri'g'''p''.mi".d ag.'n ( Jo ..... ofD........ scus). Thi.i."'.d.cJu r e ... nin theord.rofb"arding.ndl.uing.h. • rk (A.... lIOu). ln".d ••• ha •• hcy might ... ul· ,iply,N".hbr;ngoou,<w<>byrwo,ho",whom heh.dbrough'inon.byon. (ErH .... ). The arkp •• figu.e.dehyennce,hrough,he €hurck', b'p,;.m in prep.,.,;on for thedi"ine judg... cn. (M"", .. us Of TU.'N). No.k pto . cl.im.d a neW birth to .h~ world (CU.... HT Of ROMti).
8:1S· 19 Evc rJ'";''' WCII' O il ' 0f'''c Ark No... " Rac. , v .. T H . BL." 'HGOf MULT" .uc ...T.o .. T H.TA" ..... H.oR.c., ,,.,,. CHU$OSTO.. ' nen.1I eru,ion "·u durucd as if of .om. blemish, remo ying.1I d.fiI.ment cau",din;, by hum.n witkodnell. IlIcou n,. · n.nc. wu .... d•• upl.nd.nr;God.h.nfln.llr command.d ,h. J UIt man 10 d".mbark from rh •• rk. frc. mghimftom.h., .... fulpfllOn ..,,,h,hcU' ... o.d•• ·Thcn.h.L... dGod ... ,d.o N""h,·D,,,,mb.rk, you and yo .......n'.y<>." ...;feandyo.. rlonl· ... i.... "·,,hyo... uweU • • .Un"h.itomb"d.,ocarde; u1reof!'w'lhyou .v.ry repdle,hal crawh upon ,h. ur,h. and incr...e.ndmuhiplj'on.h.ur,h."No.i,. God'. goodnelS.ho"·;n ev.ryrh,nghe.nc"ur· as" • •he jloodm.n.Afrerord."nsh,m,od".
~-r
....... _
_
....... _
...... _
_ _
.mbarlr.ftonl,h• .,kalong"'i.hhll ...."'.hi. wif., h, . .......• w;vu and all ,h. wild an,mal •. ,h.nlu.gr.. ,d .. co .... gem.n,.ho .. ldg.adu . allyovcruk.h,mby.hufur
",ouldb.onhi.own.dw.llingalon.in.uch • vu.upan •• or ..... h .... i'hnnon...l •• u l.. . ;ng, God 6n' , ..,d.·Di•• mbark fto .... he.,k . anduk.offevcry,hingwithy<> ..: .nd.hen add.d,"lncr..",.ndm.. l,ipl)·, .ndglln domin;ono~.rlh ... rth."Sceh ..... once.g"'n .hi. goodm.nr<:cc, .... ,ha,form .. blelling .hIlAdamkadr<:cc;".dbefor<:.hef.ll.Th. ume ... ord .... 11 m.n h.ard when h. wu CTu.ed,Godbl ••",d,h.min.h.word. "in".ueandmul,iplJ·.andgaindomln;on o~.r rh. unh'" So tOO do,. man nO ... hu .. Iheword. ",ncr<:I••• ndm .. lt>plyonthe •• r
cr.
G~"u. s .6.'6 .'
G...,..,. 1:1)"9 TH.A •• P. ..,O" ... DIlLl VIl .... NC. T H.ouO H TH . C HU. CH.Mn ... Of TU., .. : Fo< .... Noab', ark pr~,uv~d .Hn ~v~ryonc whom" bad taken in ",b~n Ih( worldwugo;ngunder.' ,o.l.op."t<·, cbu
ingtheSCnpturc .... n...ocmph..i:teth.ab..i. n.n«from,hcfaculryofgoncr"'ona"h.
Anduldov.brougb.tb."ignofpe.c~lo
h;1 IOnl, There;1 no mixing oflheoeno" th.
u.
Noab'. ark wh~n Ihe flood w •• OV.,. ' IO abo Chn"willbnnglhejoyofpeIC.,Op.,.. r'1 ch .. rchwhen.h.)udgment .. ov.,... nc~h. him.t1f i. dov.lndpuc .... h.promi ..d whenh.l.aid ."llhall""r<'u.glinandyour hea .. will r.joic . ... SII...ON S .9.).'
dienee and wu taken up w,dm,lt thtu being a tT:Oceofhi.duth. "Noabwufoundfaimfu! by reuon ofh,""e ..... ice;heproclaimeda new birrhtoth • ..,orld.and,h,ough him ,h. Lord laved,h. livingcru,u,u wh oen,.r.di nh ar·
mOIlYLlIIO the ark." Till LITTII TO Till CO",,'TIIIAI<S9.1·4," "GenU",HoI>II,S.''G.m6ol,1,I,HoI>IL'',ll'o<::s.~
8 : 20·22 NOAH OFFERS A SACRIFICE TO GOD
HThrn No~h' buill an ~llar I~ lb. LOIP. and look of c~e.y d,"n "lIi".,,1 4Ina of t v••y dun bira. "naofjrTCdbur nloifcringl On Ib r ahar, l' A nd IIIbr .. IhcLWtDI". rUrarbtplraj' ing odo •. Ibe Loao , .. id i" bit will nrVr. "gain Clmr riot ground buauu of "''''',for rb. ;"'''gln''I;OIl Itf ",.. n', burr Il rvilfrom bil Jowrb; ntirhr. wil11 t~tr again drmo] tvcr] Itvillg crtar".t Itl I blTv< ,jOllr. u \VLilt rbr t~rrb Trmai" I, ,«dri mr and h<>r~t'l . cold and bral.lummtrandwinltr. .lay "nJ lIigbl, ,haIIIlOlct"H. ·
1.,,,.1.. /
Noah off. ... ucrif'icu 10 God of the dun animall. nOt of ,he " .. dun {AII';;us, nN.}. ·The Lord .melled the pleulng odor· meanl thalhel
No .... 0 ....., S"C" ' ~ ' CU OF T II . CL"'N. AUCIIsnN" [The clean and me undean ) wcre "'gethe.>n ,he ari<, but mcy wcre no
Goo ACC"'T5 NO"H '~ S ..cau ' CI. CH_Y ' sOsTO .. : Th.S.rip........ y• . ·AndtheLo,d ImeU.d •• wcelodor: ma .... he.ccep ..dth. offcnn8~ 8"tdono.'maglll.tna.Godhas
I\OJtril, .•,nco,GodLlinvllibl' "!'Lnf. Yetwha. ,,',",ed "P from tn. altar 10 the odo •• nd $mok.fromb",nlllgbod,e....." d notlllngll
GIlPIUI.I:2
S ...... GTH.S .....1,.ICITfo'No.. H·s H ..... T, GooP.ul .... u.R ........... T. E' H.... THi Su, .... :·Th.Lord.m.lI.d·notth•• m.llof •h.nuhorth •• mokeofwood.bu.ntherh. lookedou,.nd •• ,."h•• implielfyofhea.. with which N""h off..ed ,h e ucrifice ftom all and On behalfof.U. And hil Lo,d'poke to him .•• h.d •• i •• d.hatNoahheat.·Becaul.of yourtlgl...ouln....... mn.nt w.. p....,rv.d .nddidnotperi.hinthatnoodthat.ook plac: • • And hec.u.. ofyourucrific. that w.. from.lln ... h.ndonhehalfof.lln.lh.lwill n.ver.gain bring a nood upon the ..rth:' Godthll.bollndhimlelf~foreh.ndbrthi.
promi ••• o th.t ... en ifmanltind were con· ... ntlrtcfollowth •• villhough,ofth.irindi. nallon. hewouldnev.taga,nbfLngaflood upon.h.m.Co ...."''T.... ro ... G .... utS 6.t).;.'
Pu .... u< ••",r ..... D1'0.<:,"."'.15 Co •• u· •• ",r... y. A.noSE: Le, UI .umine with sr.... ' ."cn'ion,h~m ..ningof th.wotd. ",he Lord •• id in hi. hnrt. (wil!n.v
,mas,nauonofman·. heart"uUfl"Omh" you,h:H~wLIJ not.ddth~th.,ntendJto
d..t.or .g~,n.lUhe h.d .Ireadrdone •• v.t)· h.. ingcrcatureforth•• nllredurlt;onofearth E... nthoughh.hadpllnllh.dth.... hol.of manktnd. he kn.,,·.h a:.h . pun"hm.n, of ,h.
uwi,mo,.,"iuhl • •oni,.karand,o .. ad! ,h.doc'rlnt.hantochange.h.nulI,•• hat c.nbccorr.«.dinoomep.opl.hll,no, ch.ng"d in "vuyhodt·. Thu.f
8:22
"Su
Cu,," GOD R"TO.U THE SU.SON . ro TH. E ••rH. EPH .... rH. Sr •• "'<:Andhe...... th... "·... n."h.rpluotingnor h.r ..."duronS thatyear.ndthe..,uon.lcrd ... hadbc.ndli· 'u,bcd ,God ....o..d.oth .....h th., whic:h h.db..n .. ken ...·.j· inh i•• ng.r.God,h.n nid."AII,hedar·of,h... "h.plan.ingand harvnt .•old and h .. t •• umm... nd winter ""rand night I haU no,eeaKfrom th...rth: rorthrollghoutth •• n,ireyear.un.ilth...rlh d,i.dup . ... 'n'..,withnolllmm
'l'C6I.1I. r.o.,."'H!. "R:91,H:!.'PLI",":CSEL ~,.ro.
'!=C t hlO
9:1 7 G OD GIVES FOOD AND D E Cl.ARES HIS CONDEMNATION OF MURDE R
' And God bJelSed No~h' ~nd his .on., and ~~id ID Ihem, "Bc fruitful ~nd mllhiply, ~nd dre~d of yOIl ~h~1I be IIpon every be~.t of the eMth, upon twry bird of the oir, upon everything Ih~t creep. on the ground ~ n d all the fi.h of th e Ha; inlO y"ur hand Ihey ~re delivered, ' Every moving thing Ib~t live. sholl be food for you: and a.l gove YOII the green plan/!, , give you eve rytbing. 'Only you .h~11 nol e~lj!e5b wilh iu life. Ihal i,. its blood. ' ' For you. lifeblood J will ~"rely require a recko ning; of every bea,t I wi!! "iuire il ~nd of m~n; of every man 's brother I will require tb. /jfef of man 'Whoever shed, th. blood of man, by mAn shall his blood bt .hed; for God m~d e mAn in his own image. ' Alld ,YOU, b. fruitful and multiply, bring forth abundantly on tbt earlh and muhiply i" il. "
fill 110. e~rth. ' IThe fe~r of you and the ~nd
O VII'.... 'IIW' God giv •• human b.ing •• very
that Noahwa5order.d,om.k. adi .. inc,ion
h. rbfor.ustenall« {JusT,t<MARTn ).H. orders'ha'peopledrain'hehloodofth. bea.ts,halrhe)·will ..r(EpHIlEhI)becau •• rh. bloodi, rh" b.... ·"oulandmu.rb••• ra.ide for him (C HRYSOSTOhI). Th. murd.r of human b.ingsiscondemn.dhJ'God {CHRYSOSTOM EPH IlIIM). When God proclaims ,ha, he will require rh. blood of human, at ,h< hand of
berw.entheh
9:3 God Gi"'I Noa;, Pla nts "IIIi A ll i",,,/, for Food T H£lIB I s r-.>o Ut
ut everrkind of herb. Such a condusioni. inadmissihle. I could eu ily prove. hut w< will not 'pend rh. ,;me now in doing . o, rh., .ver)" vege.. blei san hcrb and mayhe eate n Now, if w< make. distinction bel"'e.n ,hem and r.fu.<,ou •• om
9: 4 N OI E~ ting tbe B lood of A ni",a ll TH ~
SLOOO o~ At< 'M AU M UST B.
D"'A I t<~D. EpHREMTHESYRIA""Godalso
bles •• dNo.handhi,wnsthat.he),migh,h< fruitfulandmuhiply .nd,natfur
on dry Iand ."Only you lhall nO. ntfl •• h with i "lir• ."Thatm •• nsyou l h.llntnofl •• hthat ha. nor bun.llugh, ...d.nd who •• blood . ... h,ch i. u,lif•• hunotbund..intd.Co ... " ,,,T.. uo .. G ... u,s6.' ... t.'
A"' ..... L·. BLOOI> h iT. SOla.. C.. usos· To .. ,Fromthi . th .... ingof m•• , .. kc. its b.ginn ing. no,fo"h.purpo&Cofl',omprin g ,hemtoglutton)·. Bu,.incclom.ofth.pcopl. "lftn.bou,.oofieruc.ificc• • nd mw .hanlug,o>ng.othtLo.d.h.gnn ... htm Iutho,ur oOe, food and oboiu.... nr an>".f)· • bou,food. lur ,h.y . .. m'ob • • b.... ining from food,b." ..... ,h. y wu. notl"opcrlr conleCTlt.d."lhav.g;".nyou th.mlll;h. ... y,.·uldidlh.g'.. ns ....:Th.n ... inlh. c.... of Ad. m when h~ in",uCl~d him.o .h.. lln f. om the On. t.(C whilt enjoying th. o,h.".JOinthi.c .... ,oo.Aft .. pc'mitting ,h. contumpr;on of ,ll food. without h"ita· ,ion. h.sar, : ·xoep' you u.no"ou,fl.lh w"h,, " lifebJoodin i,:Sowha,docs . hi, ltatem.nt mun ~ It m• ..,.·.... ngkd: fo, an an,m.r.hLoodJ$ 'UlouI.So.,ncrther w", lbou,toofferlac.ifiu.,nth.formofan,. mall, h."tcachi ngth.minth... wo.d.rhat .. long u lheblood hu h.. n •• , lIide for me. th.ncahi.foryou.lndoingJO.how."er.h." in.. n.uponrclllting,nadunc•• nr impU!H •o .....d homici.dc . HO .. 'L' U ON G~"U'5
'1." .'
T" . Mu. o..
o~
Hu ...... BIt .. G' Is eo .. ·
o ... Gol>. C .. USOSTO .. ,·\Vhocy., In.d. ",m.one. blood. h" own will be Ih.d inpaym.nt for th., pcnon·. blood.becaule ! h.v. ml de the human p...on in God ', imag. ; Con.id.r.!ask you.ho ..· muchfcarhellruck
in th~m with that .emark. He ilhying eV~n if you are not rel trained from murd.roul hand. by kiruhipor b)' I &C nleoffellow. hil' of naturc.and ennifyou .hrus, uide.Ubro. h· .,If fcelingand become
1> . .... .
M" .. o ... I. ..... ACTO. i,. .. " .....' .. NO
'FC":IOJ. 'FCn,'7z- 'FC1,1,17J·. '&21.1 'I'C",14J
B"UTLT Cltll UT ~, AMUOSE: "For your lift, bloodandyourwul.) wiU""'1uirea...,d;.on. ing of evory b..Of and of,he hand ofm.n: Hc comparedhumaniniquir)' '0 bealtly wicked nU. and con.idered it robe CVCn morc'ulpa. bit ,han , he wildnu, of,he b... u. For he added:ofe.ery man'. brother I will re'lui..., ,ht 1ife of man : Acruall y b..". have nothing in common wi,h U&,are nor unitcd to u, by an)' fraternal bond. lftheyh arm a man,thc y harmsomebody",hoi.stranger,dono"ran•. gr..sthe righfS of nuure, do not oblitorate .htaffe"ion ofbrotherhood. Thcrer"reone who make.an ."emp' on hi. brothcr'. lif. commi ... more.eriou •• in.Forthi ,...,aoon the Lord tnrca,ened. mor... verepuni.b · ment bl'uYing"of thc nand of hi . brother) wiHrcquirt a reckoningof ,hebloodofm.n: hnotperhap.abro.hcr.omeoneofararional na,ure come forth from a ,crtain womb,.o ,har we ..e united by agc neration from tht samt mother! One . ingle nature i. mo.hu of all hum.nity.Thercfore we aTe all broth ... gencuredbyone.ndtheumemothera nd
un ited b)"he nme kin.hip, 0", NOAH z6.94 .' T H " R UlI RR" CT ' O'" O F TH B BOOT I . T U T' ·
' Tht" GoJ s"iJ 10 No"h" "n': IP hil lolll with him , " B~h IJ,l m"blilh my coven""t u·jrh every !;v;nJ; "taru .. th"t ;, w;rh you, with yo~ ,,"J ]on J~lanJ""1l "fur you , rh e birJ!, rhr ,afllt , ,,"d .vn~' D~"l' of the earth wirh you, M m,,"] "l ,,,m~ our of rh< "rk. 1 " / el rab lilh m]
'0,,".:
il with yo~. for 011 futu.t l'ntT~tiolll' III let my OOW ill fhe cloud. ~lId it 10,,11 &t
m.
m.
. .... .... """" .... _
_ .. _
" IJCI ,"," 'LU . . WooiGool
O""." '."·lGodmakuhi,c.. venant .. i,h N
""'.j.
9:8·11 EJ fabli.hi nga
CO~.II
GO D Mu, .. H ,. Cov...a .. T WIT" No" .. OUT O~ Lo .... CHRYSOSTO.., God', pu'pooc, .hu.f.....,. ..astodiminlt •• llappr.h.enl;on f.om NOlh '. thinking and for him to b. qui •• IIlu...,dch.cth;l w ouldnothappen ' g. in.H. ...,d, .. m.mbcr.·Jw,ulb .... uSh,onlh.d.l· ug~ou: oflov ..... as.o pu, . I<0P'o their wick.dn.uandpr.v.n,.h'''going, .. furth .. u"~m ...... In ch.i, cue 'oo it i, ou, .. f my l..... . ha,lp . .. m'nnn ..... doi.again . .., tha: YO" ml)' I,v. fr~~ofaJI drud and in .hi, "·' y..,e your pru .. nt life to iu d ... ~: Hen.. huid.·Beh .. ld,imakcm),,"vcnlr>,:,ha, ... 1 fo.mIn l,r«men'.Ju"'"in humin Iffll .. ... hen..",..on e mlkeo.prom,.. h~fo.m l ln
ag ••• m.n,andgi"... firm g.. aran'e ..... '00 th.goodLord,"id .·Seh.. ld . lmakemyc .." • • nln':Goddidn ...... y' ....'lhi s m.auiYCd,P$. ,er migh' corn. aglln ,... h.. n wh .. o;n. Ruh •• he,"id.·Beh .. ld. I rn.kt my,,,"e,,an, wi.h y..... "dJQKTolf'prj"l ·ft~JoK: S. •• h.l.ord ·• l""'ngltindneu, "", .. niy ... "h yOll.g<:n... . .ion.h.....y.,do1 form my ag ••• m.I\"bu, 11.0 in •• g..d.o III.ho •• , .. minglf•• r you 1 gi~,'hi I 6rmguarln.e •. Ho"'L,no"G.NI· 5,5.1.4.'
GOD W , LL N ....., B., NG" Nil'" DBU'GR ", PO",E".T H. EpHU/ltTHISYJ.I"""Andh.il Lordlpok., .. [No.ohj. uh.d .....d,ha' No.hhe..,·SccauJeofyourngh,coulneu •• •• mn.n,wll p ....."cdandd,dn..,perishin ,hllflood,hat.ookpllct.Andbcuu•• of your'lcrifictth""·I. fromallfl .. hlndon bchalfofalln.. h. l w iUne"crag" n b.ingl flood upon ,h. urth:God.nu . bound him · , el fbefor.handbyth '" p ... mi •• lOth.,.v.nif m.nkindw.r.con".ndrl .. f..llo.. th~,Yi! ,hough .. ofch."inchll.lu.. n.h ...ouldncv.r aga>n bring a flood upon ,h .. m. E ... T".'
eo ....
Oh· G ' '''BS1S6.1 ) .~.'
9:12·15 Thr Rllill&""'
H' $ COVIIN .. NT WIT H HU .... N1TY .. No EYIIU L,V ' NGC II .ATUII B. EPHRII)o!THE$Y RlAN:Anecth" •• ,hing.God made a covenant wi,h Noahand wi,h all,ho.e who came ou, of ,h e uk wi.h him. "ying. "All fl .. h.hallneveragainperi$hinthewa.ersofa flood. ! wilI."tmrbm,·in,h.douea.ignof,he.,erna!covenantbetween God a"d all fl •• h ,h., '$on.h
GOD W,LL NE""', fO.DIT H Is CoveNANT. GIlIIGOIIY OF NAZIAN:Z;US: Who"bindl "P ,he warCT in the doum.ming who«: ""'uft is '" flow. On dou
9:18·29 THE DRUN K ENNESS OF NOAH
"Tb, !O nJ ofNollh' ... bo ... tlltforthfrom tb r ark wur Sbrm. Ham,' allaJaphtth. Ham ' tb efMhcr ofC
Wa J
,artb wlI sp"opl,a IONo nb' wIIS tb'/irst tillu oftbt soil. H 'l'III IIUa 11 villtyllra; "alia ht arank of rb. "'illt. II nd be,am. drunk. IIl1d Ill)' uncovtr,d in biJ Itnt. llA na Hllm,' thtflltha of CIIIIII
"'Ht al,o saii. "altHed by lb . Lou, my God b. and It I C
,<
Sb.",; ~'
and It I him dwtU in ,h. rcnU ojShtm; and I" Canaall b. hil slav•. "
llAjur ,h. flood Noah" lived ,bTU hundred and fifty yeau. l'AII ,ht dll]! of Noah" "'cu ninch"ndredandfif'YYtarl;
OVIIRVIIIW, Noah'. dTUnhnne .. wu due
'0
I". Ignorance (TH ~ODORIIT).Hcgo,drunk
becausehe'pen,along,im<wi,hou,drinking an rwine (EpH...... ).Winei.not.vilini".lf but uthcr in i«abu$C (CHRYSOSTOM ). Noah'. yulnerabilitysymbolizesthep ••• ionofChrist
1 (~YPR'AN.JBROMa.AUGUST'NEj. Win.made
Noah vulnerable (L.ANon OF SBVllU). The LordbluscdthOfCwhocov..edhi,.hame (ClE MINTOfAlIXA NOR'A), Af.. rHam .... No.ahinhi'drunkcnne .. andnakednc$$,hiIIOnUnaani,(ur.ed. becau.. Ham.whohadbecnbl....dbyNo.ah ,,·henenteringthcark.couldn·o ,becuned no,,·( EpHIlEMj. C.n •• ni,curscdbyNoah bccausc the.on. are bound by . h•• in. nf.heir paten.. (AUGUST'NE.JUSTIN MA~Tn). Not onl),i.Canaanlubjcctcdtopuni.hmentbut .110 hi.fath .., and it i,likcly lhat C.naan him,c! f,o mmi"ed , in (CH RYSOSTOM , EPHR2 .. j. Noahi.naked.bu,hei,no, .. h.medhcc.uschei,fi U.dwi.h'piri.ual gl.dness.while.heoncwhomocklhim remain. upo.cd to rcproach. Canaan'. pun · i,hmcntdcmon"rateltOulabove.nebe whatgrca ,re Y
NOA H·s DRU NII:IINNUshDUB TOIGNO. RANCS. THaOI)O~ n of CU: \Vhy was Noah no,blamed forfaHinginlodrunkcnnc .. ' Hi , faUingwa. not ducto inlcmpcunce but inex· pcricnce. For he "'•• th e fir" man ' '0 pTC" Ihe fruit oflhe vine and wu ignoran' not only of ,he powcr of the drink but al.o of the kind of change it had undergone. Sccau•• it ought to bc mixcd fi ..1 bcfort bcingdTUnk. he.uffcreddrow.ineu ,Thrcwa& nothing new about the f.ct rhat he was naked. For even no"·.ome pcople sleep naked.
bring.ny win. on.o ,he ark. During ,h e year aftcr.hc flood Noahdid not drink anr ,,·;nc. In that fir .. ycar aftcr hr left ,h e ark. hc did not plan' a vin.yard. for he ,amc Out of the ark on ,hc twenty ..."enth oflyor. ,he time when , he fruit.hould be.urting to m.'ure
156
and nO'lh" Umc for planling I ~incrard. Th ...forc,.cc'nglha,,, wuin,hc,hird y<'a.,hl,h'plan,.dth.vin.y" .dfromth. gra~ .. on • • • hlfh.b.ough'withh'm on.h.I,klnd,h.. "wlI,h",.o.cv.nfOIl' y.,.nb.for •• hey wOllld hav. bccom. a p.od"c"v.v'n.yard.,hu.w.u.h.narl.... . ilyu.. d""ngwhich.hejlls.on.hadno, .u•• da n)·win •. CO.... BNT .. R.Y ONG BNU 's
7.'.'.' W , .. E I ~NoTEv 'L ' .. IT•• Lf.CHR.YS05· TO .. : P.rh'p •• on rh. o,ber h.nd .... m.onc m,gh.u)·.·\Vh)'wl sv 'n.drcssing....".ctnf ."ch •• "iblcwlCkedn... , ln"oduc.d,n.o life!· Do no. Idly bl" .. 0'" whit comeS ,n.n yourhud,Omln,.,ncd.eSSlng,.nn.w,chd nor llw ,n •• vil-ruhu"".".e",fthemtn • lC.SS. YolI .U.d.cadful lin • .,i•• no,from win. U IlIch b", from in'.m~ra,e .,.i,"d• • ofhllmlnd.pnvlt)·thltllnde,min •• hebcn. · fi.,hlt.hollld n.. "nlly c",m. from it.Th. rea.on,ha.nowaf... ,h.dclll,ehcshowsyou .h.. ".eof win.il tha,y<>uma)·Jea.n,h .. bcfo.e""ngw,ne,h. human rlcehld . ncom. •0g".ffromu.Bcfo.e ..,nehldeven 'ppuud,humln hut0'l' gav •• videncc of the u".m"rofl;nfuln.u.ndllnbridl.dhccn· .;"u.n.u.Th",,·u,ntcnd.d '0 ,cach you ,h .. wh.nyouluthcwl)· wme,.u •• d.yo"wm no, .."ihut"u.lltow,nculuchbutto d.pnv.dhumln,ntcntionbcnton.viI.Con· lidu ts~tll\\)" wnut Wmt hu prond usd"v.l, • nd ... mbl •. Omln. Fo. WtnC is used in good things brwhkhou,uh·..ioni. mld •• c.1. Tho ..... hohlv.lnin.igh,in.o.piri.ullr.II;· " •• und ..... nd .h"u,.,n~.Ho .. ,LI!'.So~·
d .. nkll ..... nulherri.. 'n.h~morn;ng •• nd hng.. in'othen;gh, ... hil ....'nelnflame. Ih.m~·' No;oh d .. nk win. and f.1I ,n.O a d,lInk.nnvporandbccam.nlk.d ,n ,he moulham.fv.lp;o,"ofhiJb<>dj·'lodtatyOOl mlykno,",lh.tthcm1ndofm .. nuj.Ocon . fOllnd.dbywin •• ndth,,,"sonof,hehum .. n m;ndil m.. d•• odllllth .. i,d,,·unothavecon · Ccrn ••• n for i .. clf. m" ch 1... fo. God .... Wh"n Lo, wu . oll •• d w;.h win., he (ommU' ,cd ,nc..t w;th h"daugh .... and did no! kno ... h"milllk.;fromthatpa.. iona,.un,on came ,h. MOlbll ••• nd the Ammonites. TilE TRAIN'NG Of NUNS '9.9: TH. LOI D I:I ~"UD T Hon " ·.. oCo..... o H ' 5 S H U'~. CUIoU"T Of AUX"'''D'' ' '': Tha, .. wh )' .hcdrunk.nn.u ofNo.h 1110 ha. bc.nd..cribcd.· ... tha' .... maygll..d .. g.. 'n.. drllnk.nn ..... much .. po..iblc .... i'h ,h. piclllrcoflllchafaUclca.l),de",rib.dbefDre ou. er" in Scripture.Tha'lS ... h)·.'OD .• h. Lordbl ....d.ho.cwhocov ..cdrh •• hlm.o( h, .drunk.nn. ". SCrtptul"<',lummmg •• eryth,ngup,non • IU(Clnct v."., h.....id. · " " n. I1 luffiCl.n. for Im.n .... UuIIght.lnduponh llbcd, h. lhaJl ru,."'C>tIUSTTHBE.ouc...TOR.1..1..j4. "
eo,·••• "
C ..... TITT W HAT O I "NK.,NN ... HAD Ex~on o.C.1M ..nof ALUA"o", .. : Th. chutc.on could no,.ndu,. Jookingupon the immock5' nlkcdnu. of I tood man; ,hu· tityco .....do .... whatdrun k..n n ..l hadu • pOlcdinltr.nlgrcSlioncommittcdil\ igno . ,lnccb".mlnif,,,,cIIl.CH.,sTTHIEuuc .. ·
To .. :.6·5'·"
G., .. u,sI9.'O.' M .. o~ No .... VU~N" RA .LE. LUNDHa Of S.VtLL~' • Woe .0 vou tna' ci~mand .. ronj; \ \I' NE
'!=C'ht ... 'KlUOSO. 'lol
No ..... ·, OaUW"IIr on ,h. croSl h. h.d drunk of the pau;on: 'Fa,h ... if ,tilpoSJiblc.lc,.hi.cuppu.aw.j' frommc.""H.dra nk .nd ... uin.bria ..d.lnd hlSthighlw.rcl.idba ..-thcduhonorofth. cfOSJ.Th.old•• bro,h.... thcjc ....... m. alon~.ndl.ugh.d;th.youn~,.lh.Gcntil • •• covcr.d up hi. ignominj"HO ... ,LllSowG.r<.·
.",;."
W HT C .. " .... ... Wu CUUIO. EpHa .... TH I SnIAW: No,"" curacd C.Rlan.laying, 'CurHd be Can.ul\. A don of .laY" ....nh. be ' 0 hi. broth eu."lIu .... h.t.incould CaRla nhavo commimd.v.n ifhchadbe.n right behind hi. fllher when Hlmob.., ... cd ,h. nalr.cdn . .. of Noah! Som. say .ha, bo:uu.J.e H.m hd be.nbl.SJ.dalongwi.htho..... ho<:ntcr.dlh. ark and c.mcou' of it. Noah did no. cu,ac Ham hi"""lf. ev.n .hough h ...on. w .. o ..... "'.... d.g ... vedh,m'".dy.Oth .... hoW<:v.r. oayfromthcf.c.,hatScriptur...y.,'Noah kn .....v.'Y.hingthlthi·TOun'.Jt.on .. a.d don. to hIm; 11 11 cl... th .. " .... no,H.m who ob.CTved h •• nlkcdncl$.for HIm wl.I.hc middl, "on .ndno,.h.youngtlt,Forrhilrc., 'on Ih'y"r1ha, Can.un .• h. younge., • •old of th. nu.dn ... of ,h. old mIn. Then Ham .... n'ou'.ndjokinglytoldh"broth .... Fo, ,hi ••caoon .h.n. l>'cn ,hough it might be thought.hatCanunw"cllracdunJ""dr,n u.athcdid ... h"hcdidinhisyou,h.lli1lh. wllcun.djuldyforh.wuno,cursedin.h. pJ..oof.no,h ••. Noah kn.,,· ,h., Canaan would d• .., .... ,h. clI l'$C;n hil oJd.gc, or ...... h....ouldno,hlvcbe.ncu...dinhlJyout ..... CO ....... NTAlYOWG.NESIS 7.).1·~,"
TH~S ' ''IOFTH .P'' • • ''Ti F.. LLO",TH I C .. ' LO.I ... Allcun,,<., \Vhy did Ham lin andyc,¥cngcanccwatdcdandagains,hil ... n Can .... n! \Vhy was the Ion of Solomon pllnilhedbychcbrukingupofchek.ing· doml"\Vhy ... uchclinofAhab.kingor bncl. viliccduponh ilpo"erit yl" Ho ... do werudin,hc ..crcdbooks:R«urning.h. iniqui,yof ,her.,heTlin.o . hebolomof,hcir childrcn.r,crthom"lnd"Viliting.h.i niqui.y of,ho r•• hc .. upon ,he child,en un,o ,he third and fou .. h gcno"'ionl"- The number heu can be: uhn fM III.h. ducondanO$. Ar. mu11... men .. fdul Who would "'y mi. bu, the mOI'''I'''n.n.",yof.h.d,..;n • ....,rd,1Th.n carn.lscn••a"o".""nof.h.pcopl.ofGodo( th.OldTc"amen,bi".uchildrcn(orthe .. nl ofthlTp.unll.Ac .. 'NSTJULI .. N6.lS.h."
W H'r TH BCU BU 8 ." .... W'TH T H ~ So..·s SON.)UST '''' M ....TU.: In th. bl...inglwilh which Noah blutel hi.lwo Ion •• h••100 curluh il.on·,.o".For .h.proph.IKSpiri, wouldno.cu .... h •• ,onhim ..lf•• incch.had alr •• drbe:cnbI .... dby God.'og«h., ... i,h .hco.h...onlo(Nolh. But .•i"" ••h. punisl!. m.n,of.h •• ,n ......obetranlmin.dd....".o all Ih. po"."ry of.hc Ion who !aughcd IIhil fa.hcr'1 "udll)', hc mao!c ch. curscbc:gi"wi,h .h'''''''I ... n.D'.~ocul'''ITHTu.HO'J9· ''
BOT H C ............. NDH .... A.IISU.J.CTBD TOGOO·'Pu .. " ....... T.CHUSOSTOM :To b.'Ur•• IOmewi!loar·lhillhoWl lh ... h.ru· .onhcdidnot cu ... Ham wu,ha,hch.d cnjoycd bl ...ing from God. Ncvc"htle..,wh)· "",ha;,houghH ..n ..·."h.,inn••• C.n.. n had ' 0 par ,h. pcnlltr !ThLl dou no,happcn ,d1r ."ncr. H.m d,d no, enu.... ho,,·mmanrcuc'
faoh.r,h.""beggcdto ...durcpun"hm.n.in placc .. rchcirchildrcn.Sccing.hcirchildr.n bcaflngpunilhm.n'prov••• morcg .. evoUl form of chaa.i.em.nt form. f•• hu • • han be:'nglubj.ct.oi,th.m.. I~ ... Ac
be: IC' on.dg..." "Th".oul.ha, Ihall d,c 11 lh.... ul!h .. lin ..." andagain."P.rcnulhall no,di.for,h."childrcn.n ... childr.nfo, ,heir paren..: » HOI•• uu 0" G."u. s
'"lI." T H! G .....TBlT R.'· .. II .... cllli Du .. TO Ou. r ....... T•. AMIAO.E: v.'bcn wc rcad ,hat hc ,,· •• blcllcdwho,,·ublc...dbrh .. r.. h ••• nd Ih •• h...·.. cu... dwho,,·.. cu ..cdhJ'hi. fach ••. wclcarnabovcall claewhllgrcatrc,·, c.cncc.olho,,·ourp.rcn ... AndGodg ... c
this ptivilcgr to parenn .oas to arou8c re. pect in ,he ch ildren . The formuion oflhc child ren is •• hen ,.he pre«>gaoive of dl. par· en... Thercforehonoryourfa,hertha.he m.yblc .. you.Pn"lARCHSI.I." THBWORDSuvtUUDJ'ORT HBF' RST T'MB,A uGUSTINE:\.Vh cnsubject;on ca mc , it ,,·u mcrel yacondi.ionde.ervcdlyimpo ..don • inful man.So, inScr;p,ure,therci. nom.n · nonof.hc wordJlaor un,il holy Noah u..d it ,nconnec"onw;,h,hecurs.onhi•• on'• .... rongdoing." CITY OF GOD 1\l. IS."
cuned through hi s onc .on. Noah blused Shem .. ndJ ..phe
9:26-29 Noah BI.ss" Two SO", ~FC6H<). ~olHtrr._
NO .. HBLIIUUSHU..... oJ .. PHnH. EPH"" .. T H ~SY1t.l .. ":AfterHamh.db.cn
10:1 32 THE DES CEN DANTS OF JAPHETH. HAM A N D SHEM
J Th.s~
art the gt nm'tions of thr so ns of Noah. ' Shem, Ham . and Japh.th; sO n, WeTe
born 10 th~m afl ~r th~Jlood. lTh. sons of Jap herh : Gom ~T, Magog, Madai . Javon, ' Tuba l. Mes huh, and Tiras. lTh~ son. of Gomer: Ashke"az, Ripharh. and TogaTmah. "The sons of Jailor.: Elishah , Tarsh ish. Kitrim, ar.a Dodonim. ' From th elt rh. roa.tl ar. d pcoplessprtad. Tbe .. aTl the sOns ofJoph. r rh' in Ih~irlands . • och "'ith hi" own langu age . by th eir f amili es, in Ih eir narion s.' 'Th. ~onl of Ham: Cush. Egypt,! PilI. and Canaa". 'Th. sons ofClIsh: 5. ha , Havilah, Sabtah. Roamah , and Sabr
fa lh er of Nimrod; b. was rhe fi rsr on rarlb ro b. a migh ly' mar. . ' H. was 0 mighr)" hunr er brfore" Ih. Lo.oo; rhereforc ir i. said, "Like Ni mrod a mighly' iH,"Ur before" Ihr Lou.." JOTh~ beginning of /:Ii, kingdom was Babd, Er~ch. a"d Accaa, a/l of Ihem" in th . la nd of Shinar. "From Ibar la nd h. 11'."1 inlO Allyria," and buil r Nir.
"nd "RUt" &CII"CC" Ninc"cb ,,"d C"I"h; rhar is rht trur 'ir]. UEgyprJ bwmH rh. jarbtr
O"U."'II"" Th. narn.;". of Genu;. men· ,ion l o.. ly thou ducendanu of Japhe.h. Ham and Sh.m who,,· . .... \>l. ,,, fo.m ,h.i.o,,·n famibeland.olp.ud.ndiff.r.nt ••• u ofth. M,ddJ.E ...: (Auou'n .... j.Qn.ofth.ducen. danllofHam"·"IN ,mroc!. ",nocnaledou: ,h.diff... ntnauonl .... th.u,h.y utd.d
- !.XI
aownin\"otioUI '.gion.tha,theLordh.. d anigned to ,hem ( fpM~.>e). Nimrod ,,'u ,h. fint '0 iCI:. dcopotic rul. over ,he peopl. ( JillO>el j .nd,,·.... olav.of.mbidon:h. ,,·.. ntedtol>e
16;
hroth ... { PIIUDO<TIUS). The p.. ugco in G.ncoi. 10:20. 10:31 and IO:32 (Kc alsolO,Sj. in .. hichthcdiffercnt n.llon.fo.mcdb), .hcduc.nciannofJapheth. H.m.ndSh.m .... d • ..,. ibcd... fcrIO.hc pc.iodfollow,ngth.fallofth.towcr. whcn th ... nation l alrcad),.poketh ... ownlan· gu.gcl (AOOuST.",.). Onc ofth.d •• ccndantl ofSh.m ..... Ebcr.from ..homthcHcb ..... oflg,n.tc(JEkO... j .
10: I Tbt Gumllio,u of Nul" SUI Duc:." D..... T'WHoFo . ... DF.."uu ... "nN..T' ONI.Au<.HlST'NE,WcmtU.rn..e. forcmtroduccinu.tni .... o.k.ncxplanallon ofthcgcne .. "on.oflh.lhrcclOR,ofNoah. 'nlOf.... rha.m·rillw ..... th.prog .... 'n timcofth.twOClliu.Scripturcr..,tm.ntionl .h. young ... IOn. who IlClllcdJ.>phcth. who h.d.'gh'lOnl, .ndby.wo"f.h .. elonl,.~en gr.ndchildr.n .• hrccbyon •• on.fourb)· .h. o.htr;,n all. fiflCcn d...cndan ••. Ham. N""h·. middJe Ion, had four .oni.and by on" ofth.mfi... grandlonl •• ndbyoncofthc.. .wog.... ·g.. ndlOnl;tn.U. dcv.n .Aft •• cno· m.r."ng .h ••• ,Scrip.u ..... urnl .o .h.r.... of,h •• on •• nd"YI ."Cu,hbcg.. Nimrocl;h • ... pnrobc.gi.n.on.h.c.. th:H.,,·... gi.nt huntc •• g.. inll.he Lo,dGod,hen,c,hey 1.I)·."N,mroclam,ghtyhuntcr bcforcthc Lo.d .. Andth.bcginn.ngof h.l k,ngdom ...•.. fubylon.Ercch.Accadanduln.h. inth.l.nd of Sh.nar. Out of that land w.n. forth Auur. .ndbuihN.n.v.h.R.hoboth-I •• ndulah • • ndR ... nb ....... nNin.v.h.nd C.lah,thi. ..... grc.. cnr'" No ...' rh .. CtUh.f.. h.rof.h. gi.ntN,mrod. ... ,h.fir... nam.d.mons·hc IOn' of H.m .• o whom fi~. IOn. and ''''0 gr.ndoon . ....... ibcd . Burh•• nh.rbcg.t rh" glan:.f.. , h" 1ranci.on. wc rcborn or
whichi,mo.cc...,diblc.Scripturc lpcwof him l cp ••• tcl yon accounlofh ilcmincnc •• fo. men.ion;1 also m.adc of hi, lungdom. whicl! began with th.t mag nificcnt d ry Babylon. and th.o.h •• pl.cc..... hcth., citiu ordiltricu. mcntioncd a1ong","h it. Dill wh.rilfUo •.ud of the l.nd of Shin ... whoch bclongcd.o Nim . ro,l". kingdom-that AlIu ..... n. fonb from il .ndbuihNincveh.nd,hco,he,c"'c' mcn. .ion.dwi.hit-h'ppc ncd long.ftc •. Bu.h. .u.uoccllion,o'pcu.ofi.herconl"olln, of,h'g.andcurof.h.Auy"anlr.ingdom. which wu wonde.full y u.cndcd by Ninus aonofBchu.an.dfounduofrhcg,ulc 1IY N.n ... ch. which wu nam.d .ftc. h.m. N,n' uch. f.omNinll •. ButAu llr.fathcrofth. Auyrian •• wu no. onc of.he 1 0no of Ham. Noah·l lon.bu."follndlmongtit • • onlof Shcm. h"cldeot.on.Whcnte "'pp"'.",h.t .mongShcm·l off.pnngrbucaro ... m.n who . f•• rward..ook po..... ion of~h .. tgi.n", kingdom. and ad" lnclng from i •. fOllndcd oth.r g,cal narra.iwci",ciu.llr aoc.nd.from.h.young· Ut. Du,.n Ih. comm.flCem.n: of ,he .. co.d of Shcm·•• on • • it.r. "ano;'tcuntytitatcalbfor
childrcnborn."Thisisthcorde,of,he .. o,cU: And '0 Shem was born Eb.r.cventohim.clf. tha'i'.f<)Shcmhiml~lf ...... bornEb.r• • nd Shcmi.,hefathcrofallhi.ehildrcn.Wc ..c intcndcd.ounder... nd.ha,Shcm il.h. pa.,ia,ch of all his po.. cri.y who w.r. ,obe mM.ioned.whcrh.r . on •. grands"n •• grur· g,a ndson. ord..c.ndan.. at any di. unce. For Shcmdid no. begctEber.who was ind •• din thcfifthg.ncra.ionftomhim.FotSh.m bcgat, among o.h ...on •• Arpachshad; Atp · ach.hadbcgatCainan.Cainanbeg.,Salah. Salah b.gat Ebc'. And i. wU wi.h good tU",n,h.thcwasn.mcdfirst.mongShcm·sof!"· spring . .. kingprcc.d.nc.cvcnofhi.",n • • .houghonlj·.grandchildofthcfifthgcnc.. tion.Fo,f,omhim .•s
.pp.",.Eb" .othcr ",ngavcbirchtotw.lvc .ons;con,cqu.ntl)·.JJ Shem', drsccnd.nrsat< twenty-feven. Th~ 'o,al number of ,h. pro~ . • nyofthcth,~e.o",ofNo.hi •• evcnry .• hrc., fift•• nbyJ.phcrh,thirty.on.b)"H.m. twenry .• evcnbrShcm.ThcnScrip.urcadd, ·Th •• c.rcthc.o",ofSh.m.after,hci,fami . li •••• ft .. th.i,.ongu ••• inth.i,lands.af.. , ,h.ir nation • ." And ",ofthc whol. numbcr · Th ...... th.f.m,li.. ofth •• on.ofNo.h .f... th.i'gencration •• in th.i,n" .. onl: and bythes.w..cth.i,l•• ofthenation,di,. pe..cdthroughth...rth.ftcrth e flood : F,om which wcgathcrtha,th ...v.nry-t h... {o'ra.h..... I.h.nprc •• ntl)·.ho,,·... v.nry · ,woj w.rcnorindividu.l.bu,nar;on • . Forina formcrpassage.when.heson.ofJ.phethwcr. 'numrra.. d.i,i... idinco ndu, ion."By ,h... wercth. idc. of.h. nation, divid.d in thci, lands"v.'Y0n.afterhi. l.ngu'g • • ,n.h. i, rrib... nd in th.irnation.: Bur nalion .... . xp .. ssly mcntion.d amongthc.on.ofHam.a.lsho,...d.hovc "/I.1;%raimbcga,rho.. ,.,ilO.rce.ncdL udim and.o.l.oof
'0 oth.r nation. and did not thcm.elve. b..om.nation· ·\.Vhrelsc i,i,d,..tnough eight.on. arcrcckoned.oJaphc.h . thc.o", ofonlytwoofthu .... m.n .. on.d;.nd I"ough four arc rcckon.d '0 Ham.onl)'th ... .rc .poken of as h"'in~ l onl: and {flOugh,,~ a .. rcekoncd ' 0 Shcm. th. dcsccnd.n" of onl)',woof,h.........ccd'Did.h e rcst rcmainehildlcss,Wccanno,.up?osc ,o; hu, ,n. ), did no, produce n.,ion . so ~r.. ' • • «
163
,,·arun •• hci.beingmenlionedbut w... ablnrbed,nlhenation • •o",hu:hrhcy belonged by birth. C'TY OF GOD ,6. ).' T ... P.UU .. .. IN GIINU1& R..... TO y" . P ... ,OOA . T. .. T.. . F.. LLOfTII .TOW.II;. AUGU$TINI: In th. nme book [of Genuu] . wh,(nth.generalion.orthelOn.ofN .... ha..., recaUed 10 ou, minds. wc tud.·n ... a..., .h. ,hildr.nofHam>nthc'r",bc.KCOtd,ng lo tho"rongueI.inth.irl ond.andn."on.:' AI.D. inenum.ta"ng .h. lOn.ofSh.m, .. 1J . aid .· n •• c ..c rh. child,cn of She m in the;, rribes ."ord,ngroth.;rtDngucs.inth.i, land.lndnadon.:' And,hi.i.add.d,nr.r.r. .ncc ,0.11 Df ,h.m:·n..... Irt the tribes of th. IOn.ofNolh."£co,di ng.n.hc,, Icnorl' tlon.on.daccord,ng.olh.;,narion •. From ,ho....... ,h.illand.of,hen ..ion ••uucr.d o".r ,hc .... h.fr.rthcflood.And.hewhDI. e'l'Ih ..'asontto nguo,andthc.o wason. 'pecchfo,IJI." And.o,t>ecau•• thi.nn.. nc. wasldd.d:·Andth •• a"h,,'uon
thetow.r.wh.nrhilpunishmtnrfor.he .. prid.wa.infl iclcdupon.hem by.hediv,n. judgm.nt. After . hil even' they w••• •u.· teredove rth.ea rthacco,ding.o .hc irlan, gulges.C .. _.ST, ..., I N5T .. UCTJON).)6. 5),'
N .....ou C ....... aVY T... N .. TION5 AccoaO'NG TO Go u·. W ,Ll.• E ........ TII. Sy .., .. N: Concern,ng Nimrod. Mo ••• uid, · Ht,,· .. am,ghtyhun ..,b.ro.. ,h~Lord : bc,"un,according . o .h~willo r, h tLord.,:
wo. hewhofoughlwi:h","ofthc.. na,ion . . ndch .... dlhemou' from ,h.r•.• o.hlt Ihcy would go ou, and l."leinlht rtg ion.tha, hid bo.n ... 1 ap ... for th~m by God. ·Th .... forti, ,"uid.liktN,mrodamigh,yh unlc r bcfo.. ,heLord:O n.u... d ,obltls.£h ,.ror arul.rbysay,ng.·M' yyo .. b.likcNlmrod •• migh, yhu n.cr who ..... ",cl<>riD... inth.b". cl .. Dr ,h. Lord: CO" M . ~· T~RY 0 .. GBNU'S
8.,.2.' N .... OD , . TH. F , UT TO RU LE o v." TH ~ P IO.U. )1100...: 'And Chus [Cush ] bog.: N'mrod. nil man bogln.o bo pG"",rful In tb~ .. " ..:And . ft.'al"d ...... hilt. illayli, ·A nd theboginni ngofh 'li kingdomwuB.abol IndArachInn arJ:N imrod. IOn of Chus...·u ,he Ar .. ,o •• i%Cd.'poric rul. 0"", .h.p"0plc....t"chmcnwc .. noly.. accus· ,omcd'o:lndhere'gn.dinB.abyloft,wh,ch ..'U clllcdBabol,boCl..... ,htllngulr sof th DIO build,ng ,h~ .ower w.... thrown inlo confu.. onthcrc.Fo.Bao..l$lgnif,c lconful1on.
Th.n he abo reigned in Arach, .hal la, In Edlloa:andinAchad,whichilno... caUed Nllibit;andinChalanne.whichwll la •• r ca1l.dSeleuciaaf.orkingStlellcu . ... h.niu nOm. had b •• n cha ng.d and which I. no'" in Jfac.call.dC ••• iphon.H ..... wQ".. · TIO",.ONG.",U,S,o.S·.o.'
.c....
N , ...OD O U ' .BDTO B.co".A K, ,,,c;. CHBUOfTO": Th.n sacrcd ScrlP'U'" ~ou on from th,. po,n, '0 ,cll o(,hcchild.en born.o Ih. ,on. in thclc wo.ds:Now. H am bnco( ..o>uingoll.wondcrlhrough him bycrcatingluch .... mark.bl. c... atu ... anddllplayiDghlmb
fOm.
gaUingob"acJ.,ocondi,ionloffr ..dom . ... h.nallrh.mo •• pow.ri ••,...dHdov • • f.... l"'0pl • . S..wha,ambi"onilguil.yor. Oblcrv.bodily.ucng.hnork"pins·oi .. limi .. burco n.. antly lu .. ing.flCrmo .e.nd cJurching (0. glorr. You I . . . ,he ordc .. [Nim· rod)sa~.w.'.no,.hoHOf.Lc.de,. R •• hc •• hccv.obuild.ci.ieowirllavicw .oru],ngon• •h•• n.rny. Ho .. ,uuo"'G ....SlJlg.• g.' N . .. . ODI ' .. TT .... "'T W HOF . GHTI AG A' Hn H ., S .oT H• • ,.P.U DBNT'Uf: A Nimrod. who Soc • •ound . h....orld. mad . rough W"hdccp .. vinu.ndwood~n ( "gl.and To"'*rl*)',om~bJ·fraud.ndleCrfclwil ... Tovanquuhoth.nbrhi,s,anta,ml And.prcad hi. d.adJy "iurnph,f...nd wide O • •G.NO.SUII •• ·.S!
T H. H ......., O UCIH D •• OM E •••. JaaoMa: £b(r. from ... hom .h. Hebr.w, d.H.nd.d.b
16,
G."u'S""-9 11:1-9 THE TOWER OF BA BEL
"".I
' Now Iht wholt t"rlh h"d O"t 1""g""gt ftw wo rJ~.· ',4. "J "I mt" mig ..utd from Ibe Ihryfo""J .. ploi" i" Iht lo"d ofShi"o,! "nd ultltd Ihlrt. JA"d Ihe)' laid.o ont uo.htr.' ·Com •• Irl NI maltr briclts. ""d b".n Ih.m Ihoro"ghl)".of And .ht)" had ".icltfor liOn •. olld bi.umr" for mO,la,. 'Th." Ih ry laid. "Com •• I'I"~ b"ild o",srlvrl a cilY. ""d a lown w;.h ill 101';11 Ih. ht,,~t"l. o"d I•• "I m"lt. a nOm . for o"'lrl~CI. 1'1' w. ". JCo.urrd .. broad "POll .hrf.. " oflbr wbol.urlb." ' A"d th. Loar>'"mt dow" 10 ,rr d f)"and .ltr lown. wb"h Ih. lOnl ofm," h .. d &"ill. fA lid 11" LoUts,,;d. "B,hold. Ibt)" a.. 0'" propk a"d.btyltovta!Jolltl""gw"gr;a"d.hil ilolll,lh'&'gi""i"gof whollhrywmdo;ud 1I0thillg .1,,,1 Ibt)" p,opOSt 10 Jo wi!1 "Ow b, i"'poUiDlt fo. th,m. ICo mt. ltt "I go .low". o"d .hrr, ,0llfWlt tlttir I""t"alr. that Ih.)" m"y IIOt ""drrJIand 0". ""ot"rTI Ipr.,"." 'So tht Loar> IUIIr ..d Ibt'" obroadfrom tbtrt ovr. Ih f",t of tb. t"rth. ""d Ih', Itft.offbllil.:!. j"t th. cily: ' Th.rrforr;1I "am, W"I uU,d B.. &d," b"",,1t thrr. th. Lo.D lo nfll,td' lb. Ja"l"ag'" of oJJ th. t"r th ; all.:! fro", thtT. Ih. Loo.» Ic"ttH.d Ih.m abroad ov .. Ih. fa .. of a!Jlh ••ortb.
oV'.'· ' Bw,ThtSep,u 'gin,rrnderoSabclu Sabylon ' andinthis pau.o.gttransl..."si,u ·confuJlon:Th. men who mlgu,. from ,h. ca.. ,n order to found Sabylon.rc led by amb;,ion and pride (CHOXSOSTOMj. Sohylonis fO\lndcdby Nimrod,.schecap".lofhi.lung· dom.Tntmh.biun .. ofSabyloncon.. ruCf Ih.towcrbeca"stln.hcuptid• •htywan.,o defy.ho power of God (AUGunt".). Tbe inhabotanll of Babylon ace g,.nu who build the.ow.cforth ... ownsaJ,· •• ion ( Ps~uoo. D'O""YSlU'j. \\lhen God "p,·Come.let u.'" dowII .nd ,h ... canf".tlhei,langu·s·:hei, addrcui ng ,heo,her pcnofU of ,h. Trinltr (AOGUntN.j. The Son 11 the 0"" who IS 'enl.O ,h< urlh In ord.t foconf" .. the lanj!"".ge (Nov.o.n ... ,. ). S".arh, ",h.hi,anuofBabrlon ",. ch. p"vi-
I'geofh.yingas;ngle!angu'g.forcyilp"r. pooc.GodconfuJ •• rheir'pc«h",fhu.hey '" nOI able to "ndeutand.ac:h o' n"'nr mO.. (CH~rsosTO" )' God ..... hu they ... abl ••obuildth.tow.rbcc..... lhey.pukfh. "me l.ngllage. Therefo.. he confwo,.. rho .. lInguag.ino,der,op.. ven,.hcmfromfini.h. in~
\Vh.n.hcinhabi[lnuofBabylonlo ••• h.ir l.ngll.ge ...... rbr..luo" •• mongth.m.Nlm· rod i"he one who winl rhi,,,·.. a ndhocom •• ,httul.rofS.bylon.fttcheh .. ".neud,ho J'OP"lationofth.citythroughoutth.carth (EPHRII .. ). Th. inhabitanu of Sabylon arr K.n • ...,d for the .. welf... 01110.. 11). The
. ).
doom of,h. ,0"'., ofB.bylon i,.con... n, w.. nin,fo •• ho .. .. howan'.o.,hi • • • f.m. by b"ild,ng Ipl.ndid ho ..... (CHIlTSOSTO .. j.
11,1·4 Tb. T" wrr of Babe' T HonWHoFoul< oJl DB AJln.o ... L 5,,5T A .. . 'TI O.... CH ..TSOJTO.. , ..Wh.n.h.y ..."'v. • l.df,om , h...... th. y foundopcncoun'ryin ,h. l.ndofSenn., (Shi nar).nd.."d.dth ...: Notic. ho ...· ,h.h"m.n ••••• 'n....d of m.n.,· ins '0 k«p '0 ". own boundari • • , alway. long.fotmorcandrcachuou,forg..a«r ,hings.Thi.iswh ...h.h .. m.nracchulol
"av.l.df.om.h.~. " h.J·foundopcn(oun·
"y in.h.landofS.nnar [Shinar) .nd •• ttlcd ,h ...: S..ho... ing ..d"al ..agui ...... h .. u' ,h. ,n ••• bihtyofth." ",,,tud•. Wh.n ,h.r •• w,h.op
N, .. ao" Is TOll FouNo. a 0 ' B.. lno". AUGUSTINE: Thu city n.. m.d "Confu"on"
wu non. othn than Babylon. to ... hou mar . velou •• on. " .. c,ionl'"ganhi.toryb"ng. t ... timon, u.ForB.bylonmun. "confu,inn." h would . eem,hat,h,foundcrof ,hc cltr "·u ,h. giant Nimrod ......·os nodu d .bo.e.' In mcn,ioniogh,m . 'he Sc rip.uro tdls u. ,h., B.bylon wu,heh.adofhi, k,ngdom.mun . ing., ,he hud of all th.o,hu c,,"u.thc'"r' i,al wh. r. ,h.gov •• nm.n, of ,h. kingdom hadiu . u"How.vcr.,hc d'y n•••:rru.h. d ,h.k,ndof .ompl • .,nn.h .. ,hcpridcof impious m.n had dream.d . Th. act .. al pl.n caU.d fo, an imm.n •• h.'gh.-It ...u mUn, .o.uch ,h •• kJ·. Thupcrhap. ref... 'OOnC of i ...ow .... which WaJ '0 b. highcr ,han.ll ,h.o,herl.orpcrh.ps ,h • ..""d ....... mun.U,he 'ow... m".ha.· ho ... • ..n mun ,ho"unds of ho ... m.n . C'T' 0 ' GoP
'rn.,.
.6.•. •
T NI BUI L"I'" o~ T N I To ....., Dan G OII. AUGU I TlN I:Af•••• h.• flO<>d.asif ...,.,ngto fOrlifyti>.m..,lv"'gainsrGOdif on.c"mcl"ttr.For th·rhadh ....d.nd ... . ll.d.h.,.I1'n'qu'q· hadbe.nd •• lroycdby.h.noocl.Th.y"''' • unwilling '0 .b.uin from ,n'qulty, Th~r IOIIghtth.h.igh'of • •o.... rag. m lt"flO<>d; th. y buih alofty .owcr.Godsawthmproci •• andh...u•• d.h,.di,orcicr,obc •• ntll!">" ,h.m• •h ...b.ymigh' .pc.kbu'no.unci~I' Itlndonc.no,h ... "nd,ongunbccam.diff... .n',hrough"r;d• . T ....CT.. T ISO~· TH a Gos· PlL orJoHl< 6"0.:. 1
TH E Tow .., Is BUILT BY THB G . .. NTi PSBu " o·D'ONYS'US: \Vha, abou, ,he w.rof .he gian ... described in Genelill !t is said, God wu.fraid of.ho.e powerful men.nd r,icked,hem,.ven.hough.heywe r.buildi ng th.ir tower nO. to hann anyon. bu,fortheir own pre •• ,,·a,ion. L6TTBU 9.11°5".'
11:4-8 God
Con/II'.' Th.ir Lllngllllg.
GOD RH FaaS TO TMB T .. n'ITT WM'" HB S... YS " Ln U~ Go DOWN.· AUGUSTINE: It i. conceiv.bl•• ha. he .. ,h ..e m.)" h,v.Men an • 1lu,ion,0IhcTrinity.ifwe.uppose.hat.h. Fatheruidto.h.Son.ndth.HolrSpi,it, "Com • • letu.duc.ndandconfoundtheir tongu • ."Th.s uppo.i,ioni,.ound.Su, ifso . wemu«,ulcoutthepos,ibilitrthatangel< "'"c meant. And surel)" it i. more proper for .he ang.l •• o come to God unbidd.n. mo"cd bj·gracc .• ha, i•. bj· the thoughts that make them d."ourlj·submi .. ivc tounch.nging rruth.as '0 , h..."n.l la,,· th .. rul .. ,heir heavenl)"courl.Th.ang.1sar.no,theirow n cri .."onoftruth,bu,.dependingoncre•• ;v. tru,h .• heymo".unbidd.ntowardi,as towa,d a founta;n oflife from which ,he)" must ;mbiM wh .t th.)· do no' have of ,h.m· .el"n.And theirmOl ion is ",ithoul change, since rhey hep coming. never rod'part.CtTY OFGOD,6.6.' T HB SON Is "l" H ~ ONB W HO DB5C5N"~ TO E..... TH ... ND Co o/ PUS .. THB L ... NGV ... GH . NOV...T1A,;:Mo'''''pre.. n"Godasdesceod· ing,o th ctowerthatth •• onsofme"",e .. building . ... k,ng.oin.peClit.nd •• l"ng, "Come.lc:us godo,,·nquickl)"..ndtherecon • fuS<'.'"",I.nguag •.• o that they may nO' under"andon •• nother"" p.ech: ,>,
,0 ,h. tower in.hi. p ....ge.nd then oought to vi.i, thue men! Was he God .h. Fuher! In that c... , God il enc1o.ed in a place. If .o, how.hendoe.h.embrac•• llthing.IO,i.i, po..ibleth.. he.p •• uofanangdd •• cending wi.ho.h ...nge!sand say ing,"c.,me, l•• lUg<> downquickly,.ndthe,econfw.theirlan . gu.g."1 On the contu C)·, we no.e in o.:ut.r· onom)"lh.titwuGodwhorecou nl
CONFU ~II THE LANGUAC; ~ ofTHBC'T'ZIINSOFB .. BYLON! CK ..nos· TOM: Thi. in fact i. the '.... rth. Lord is a«u. ,0m.d.oMh.v •. Thi,i,,,,hat he didin,he Mginninginth.c.. eofthe{first J womanas well.Sh.h.d.busedth.st.tu,confer •• don her.andfor.hatreuonh •• ubjecrcdher.c her hu.band.Again,r"",in ,h.
IM
G"'U'SU" lI l~rdlcUrthyidd: " Sowhen.hcp"oplein
th. p..,.. nt cue, who had beend'lniA.d wirh • imi!amyofl .nguag.,UlCd .h.prrwilegegiv.n .hemfor .vilpurpo •• s.h.pu....op.o.h. impuloc of th.ir wickedn ... through crea. ing diff.rcncc.inl.ngu.g •• - Lctulconfu •• • hcir .pcech:h ••• y.: ... . hlfthcy ... iIJbe IIn.bl •• o und ..... ndoncanothcr.l.ngu.ge: H lSpur· po..... u .h ... Ju.....imil.r"yofl.ngu.ge :.chi.v.d.h.irhving 'ogc.hcr.• odiA'e.encr,n Iangu.g. m"ln c.u.. d"p"tI.l.mongth.m . H O.. ' L"SOt
account o(thc d,'O';alOno that th~ languag.. broulht .mong them. Thus war broke 011• amongtho.e",hohadbccnbuild,ngthalfor· .ifi. d c" rou,offur of o,h . ... Andalltholt ",hohadb•• nk.cpi ng.h.mlcl."",,·ar from rh . ciry ",.rc ... "cf.d ,hroughou, ,n•• n"" .... h.Ir"'.. N,mrodwhoocan ...d ,h.m. h ......lsoh.who .... ~dBabclandbccam.'1S r. ..,.1l1... If Nimrod had no,oca. tcrcd,Mm
Go o P .~V"'TO T M B .. ~. o .. F"''' H' ''''' T HBI. T ow • • . CO.... OD' .... : Th.y foolilhly beg.n,obuilda.owcr.ha"ouchcd.henan .ndthoulhr thc" migh. be able tochmbth. ok,eowllhll.B".God, .ee;ngth •• th."work proc..dedbec.uscth.y.pok.rh..... m.l.n· gU'gc., n.c... cnedandcaw.d,h.m.o'puk diff... ntl.ngu.gos.Th.nhc,co"ercd,hem byiJOluing.hcmin,h.i,land, of.heu"h. loth., na"on, ,pukingdiff.rent 'ongu ••
Af T• • GOD CO,.u/US THI L.... o" ....... .. \V... lh .... " S O UT. EpHU .. TH.SYII,' .... : lt i.1ihly .hll .hr lo...h.ir.ommonl.nguage ,,·hen they Tecc,v.d.h... ne", langu.g ••. For iflhci.oTlg,nallangu1Ichad not perioh.d .h."fint .1 •• .1 w<>uld no. have cOm. to noth· 'ng.h ..·.. wh.n.h·rlotlth.i.o,;lin.ll.n· gu. g•. whtch ..... lotlby .Uth.n.tion•• wilh on. cxccp
T K' B,,,u>•• , A•• D. 5. "";'UII} po. T Hi n 0 ...... Wu.... '.JUO.. E: JuS! u when holr men ltv •• ogcthcr. 11 11 a gr"'grac. and ble.. · "'g; .... lik ....".,• • hlfcongr.g.'ion ll .h. wotl.k.ndwh.n"nn".. dwoJl'ogc,h'r.Th. mO' c,'nnttl th ... arc a' onc urn., th. wor.. .her ar •. Lnd •• d,wh. n th e.ower,,·ub.. nl; buil r upagllnltG od, tho," whn wcrcbuild,ng If w.r. d,.blnd.d for th.i.ow" ",.lfarc.Th. con'piracr ,,·...viLTh.dispc.. ion ,,· • • of trll.ben.f" ••• nro,ho ..... howcr.d,,· pc ... d.Ho" , ~,ull."
TH ,
000 .. Of THI Towu Mu n 6 , R .G ... ol " u" \\.'.. .. " I NG. CHlI.nOlTo .. : The.e ... manrp·opl •• ven,od ay,.,ho ,n ,m i. .ation of th.m want 10 b... mernbcred for . u.h a.hitvem.nlS,brb u;ldin, lpi.ndid hom.., bath., porch ••• nd av.nu ••. I mcan, if you .......oukuchofth.mlVh)·th.ytoil .nd labor and l.y outluchgrcat npen •• lo no gooc! purpo •• , you would h... noth"'E bu: th ... vcrr ... ord •. Th.y would be ICek,ng'o
''GtoJ,11. WFCll,l29. ''CCLIZ5:79.
"",XI.
"Fe"',.-""" ""e
G."U,s""-9 .n.u•• ,h •• • hc;rm"mory.u...,i¥urnp"rpcll'· uy ...d,oh .... "uid.h., · thi. i.,hchou.. belo .. gi ..g.olO-.nd-IO .... hi.i.,h. pr0p",ty or ...·.nd-IO:Th... onthccanl,."ry.;.worthy not of comm~moro,ion but of cond.m ... ';on Forhu duponlholewordlcamcathc. 'cm.rlu.quwa!cnl.oco .. nd" .. uc ..... ' ion.· belong'ng"•• o·.nd _lo,h.g .... pingmi.... d.. poile.ofwidow • • ndorphan.: So . uch beh...,o.,. ,alcula.cdno•• o urnrcmcm . bu n,ehu,cn cncounccrunrcm,c"ng.ccwa. tlon . . .. , hi cv. nocoriCly.frcrduchand,n' ''c ,"",onguuofon]ooh•• ,oulumny.ndcon· dcmn."anof,h.p" .... nwhoacquind.h .... gOO
IIlu;an.] will oh ..... y.... me w~y la , .. «ud 11\ being rememb..."d for every uhiu"menl and .1.o• • longwitha"u,"Uc .. t".me. topro~'de youndf ..ithg...,a,confid"nce;nth"agcto came. How rh~n will you manag" both 10 be ...,mcmb~...,d dar aft", dar an d all<> buo"", thcruipicnlof,ribu,c.ucnaftup .... 'n' f,omon.life'ath.nu.~ lfyoug1Vc."'. y
.hu.goo.uofyouui .. to.h.h . .. d.oflh, poot. I. ",nggoofpnc'Oll1 •• nnu. magnifi. con, hom u.p""p" ..ic. a.. dbarh •. H oM' L'U O .. G~N Uts)O . '."
10-28 THE NA RR A TI VE RET U RN S TO SHEM AND HIS DESCENDANTS
'"Tb,Jr 'He rb, d,su nd~n fj of Sbcm. Wb,n Sbrm 10101 ~ bundrrd ]"HI aid. br bream. lb. falb •• of Arp~dlJb"d IWo ]."r! after lb. flood; " ""d Sb,m liv.d afur lb. birlb of A.· pa,blb .. dfiwb l,"d rcd].orl . .. ndb" do lbcrso nla nddaugbltrl: " Whn Arp",blbad' bad lived Ibirly-fiv,' ]."rs. b. b.u ... r lb. f alb er ofSbd"b :' " "nd ArpMhlbad Iivrd afu • •10, b
an a doug~un.' ·
" \Vb.n Sbcl~b b"d livcd Ibirly" Y''''I. b. b"~mc Ib'f~lbt. of Eh.; u""d Sh.l"b lived "fter Ibc birth of Ebrr four bNndrrr an d 11,.« Jun. " li d h"d 0110.. Jonl ""d d"NghuTl. ' '. \Vb." Eb.r h"d liv.d IhirrJ-fo ur" J."r$. b. b"alll t Ib t f" lb .. of Ptl'g: " and Ebrr Irvtd "flt r birl h of Ptlttfo", bu"drcd'- " li d Ihi.rJ "lid had orher $ollS "na dugb. len.-
Ih
'."'1.
" WI"n Pdrg had livcd tbirty J,,,r$. · · br b..alll r rb. fa th" of R. u; """d Prlrf live.: "fUr lb. birth of Rc" IWo bndrrd ud ".n. ].ars, "n d bad olber $Onl all d dughl"l.' lII Whrn RCIl bad lil'ca thirl]_IWOH ]."rl. hr b.."mr rb. f..rhcr of Serug; :'~ n d Rr .. livcd aftrr lb. birlh of Stng I... ~ b,, " drur' " li d itve"yta.l, alld h"d olh •• 10111 "nd dOligbr .... 1
"When Serug ~ad lived t~jrry y.ar" ~t bua",. the fath.r of Nahor; "a~d Serug (ived afur the birth ..fN .. hor t", .. hundredye .. ", andh .. d other ,On, "nd d.. wghter,. ' "When Nahor had Jiv.d twe~ty_nin.··· y.ars, h. buamt th e father of Terah; " and N .. hor liv.d after t~. birth of Ter.. h a hundred .. nd ni~tru~ m yean . .. ~d had other 'o~, .. nddaughten.' l~ Whn Ttrah had lived uv,nfy years. he bu .. ",. the father of Abr.. ",. Na~or ... ~d H"Tan . l'No", theu are the descudants of Terah. Trrah w .. s t~ e father of Abr .. ",. Nahor, and Hara~; and Hara" was Ihe f .. thcr of Lot, "Haran di.d before his father Terah In th. land afhis birth, in Ur"' ofth. Ch"ldeans.
Af«, ducribingrhe earthlyeiry ofBabel.Scripfure,evert'forhepiou.patri••ch Shem. who.elineofdescendanu leads '0 Abr.h.m. The ~earo ftom ,h. flood to Abr •. h.m ... l.072.Abrah.mw.. bo.n;nth.l.nd of .h. Ch.ldea".. who Wete d.eply immened inunhol)'s uperltition •. Only,hef. mil yof Ab .. ham worohiped the 'nle God (Au(;vs· T'NB) andthe,eforewupenecu<edby.he Chaldean •. who even execu<ed Haran. the b.other ofAbraham (JBlt.OMB).
OVBI',VIBW'
11, 10-23 The Dme" aolltl "fSh"" SC ... PTu ... R Bv ... n TOSH..... ND H,s DlI5cBNo .. I
~-LU
............
"''''T''- ' ur_
patroarchsh ..nand.ocapitulateth e generafion, from him '0 Abraham, l pecifying fh , year in which each fafherllavebit.h ro ,he.on .hatbelonged,o.hi.lin.andhowlongh. lived.Andunque..,ionably i,i.thi. thatful fiH. ,h. ptomisc I made.tha,it . houldappe., wh y it i... idof.h • • on. ofE""t.·The nam t ofth.on.,u,P.leg.fo.inhis day •• heea •• h ,,·a,divided."' Forwhalcanweundennndbj' ,he di.i.ion of.he earth,if no, the div.ni,y of languag.. ' And. therefore. omufing fhe other .on< of shem . who ue no< concerned in ,n;, maue<.Scrip.u.egiv<stnegenealog),of .ho,e by whom the line run. on foAbraham, ao ...,fo.. rhefloodtho..... gi •• nwnocarrLed on ,he line to Noahf,omSeth . Acco,dingIJ ,hi , •• rie,ofgenecation. bell;n' thu,,· The,e arethegeneration.of Snem,Sh.m,,·z,ahun · dred years old and""ga, A.pachshad tWO year< aner ,he nooc!.And shemlived .f<e, h. begatA.p.chshadfiv. hund ..d y. ... .nd
NgU JOn' .nd daugl"~",: In lila mann~. I1 rcgillcrllhe,ul.naminglh.yearofhiahfo'n ... hich.achbcglllh.JOn ..... obclonge
beg<:nlngJOn.andd.ught.... tha ..... rn.yno. ch ildilhly l uppol.tha'th.m.nnam.dwu·. .h. only m.n, but th" w. may undultand ho ..·.h.popu!adon,ncuu.dandho ..· rtgion.andkingdom •• ovu,couldhepopu· la.cdby.l>cd..".ndantJofSh.rn.E'pc:cially th .. utrucof.hcklllgdomofAuyna. f.orn which Ninus l ubducdtho . urrounding n..iolU,"'gn,ng .. ithbrillt.n'pro'pc:.i'Y. nd b~~u.uh,ng.oh"d •• ccnd.n .. aullbu. th"roughlycon.olid.tcdcmpi ... whichh.ld 'OjI.,I>c. for m.ny •• nru ..CI. Crn Of GOD r6 .• 0 .'
11:24·28
n.• .AllctJlorlofJUro",
T H. T'''B S ... " B.T""" TKB FLOOD .... 0 A ...... H..... Auc:UST ... E: But to avoid n •• d. Ic .. p.ol,~")·.wt,hallmcntionnOlthcnum. bcrofy.... uchm.mbe.ofthi' ...i•• ],v.d bu,onl)· th'ycarofhlllif.,nwh,chh.g.vt birrh.ohi.h.it.tha,w.ma)· t hult.ckonth. n"mb.. of yu .. from th. flood to Ab •• h.m .ndmaya,th ... rnc"mcluv.room.o touch b... flr and cu rlorily upon lome o.hcr m.II... ncc.uuy,oourargumcnt.1nth • • econdy.... th.n .• ft .. th.flood.Sh.m wh.nh. wao 100 y.... old hegat Arp.ch.· had: Arp.chm.d wh.n h...•.. 135 y.... old heg.'Cai n.n:C.in.nwhenh.w•• 130y.... bcg.. Salah.S.I.hhim'.lf.too ...·u .h. um. • g."·n.nh~he,.:Eb.,. Eb .. liv.dI34yu" andb.gatP.l·Il,'nwhn.. d.y •• h ... rrh ..... divid.d. P.l<$h,rn •• lfl, ....d 130 y.... and beg.. R~u:and R~" loved 132 yea" andb.g.: s••ug;Secug 130. and b.gat Nahor;and
Nahor79,andb'gatT.rah;andT.uh70. andbcgat Abram .... ho, .nam. G<>
A ...... H ..... WOal " , •• o THI Ta"a Goo. AUGU5T' .. K:'Nh.n.lh ...for ...... loolrforth. e'tyofGodin .hu....... n'y.' ...onallon •• w• canno,affirmthatwhilclhcyhadbuton. tongu •. ,hll i •. on. languogc. th. human nce had d.paued from th. wouh,p of ,he true God.Norcan .... concl"d.lh.tzen"'n·Zodli. n.u had ,urvivcd only in tho,eg<: n ... t,on • •hlld.",.ndfromSh.m,hroughA'pach.h.d .ndr•• ch.oAbrah.m.Butfromth.tim. wh.nlh.yprolldlyb"ilta,owcrtohcav.n .• •ymbolofgo,UCI ••",ltllion.ti\Od,yo"oci. .'Ymth.w"k.dbccomu'pparcnt.'Nhnhcr i!wuonl)· di'gui •• dbcfo •• ornonui".nt. whcthcrbothci"u.cmain.daftcrth. f100d-thogoclly,nlh.twoooruofNoah wl!o w ... bl .... dandinth.irpo ... "')·.• ndth. ungodll' in th ••"rHdJOn an.d his d...,.n· dants.f.omwhomsprangthatmight),h"n.. , allainatthcLo, d-isno •• uilyd.t.rm",.d CrTTofGoDl0. l0." T H. F.""LY OF A ...... H...' Wu P ...... CUTaD pOa IT. P'.T1'.J ••O ... : "And Atan
[Haran ] di.d befor. hi. fathcr III tbeland In .....i,hh.wuborninth...mtorrofth • Ch.ldulU.·[np!ac:.of ... hat ......ad [Ill th. LXXju";nthet.rrtt0f}·ofth.Chaldean.:in
th. H.b...,,,, it h... "in ur Chudim: that i.,"in the fire of the Chald ... no: Moreover the Heb...,w., ta!r:ing the opporruniry afford"d by ,hi. ver", hand on astoryofthi •• onto ,h. effe" tha, Abraham "'aspu, into ,he firc becau.eherefu.ed,oworship.hcfi..."which theChalduruhonor,andtha,hee..,aped ,hrough God'. hdp and fled from the fire of idolar,)', What i.wri"en [in the LXX) in the following veroes, that Tha,a [Teuh ) with hi. off'prins"wen' ou, from th"err;,o,y ofthr
Chaldean.s:' standsinpla""ofwhati.con, ,a;ocd in theHeb,e"', "from the fi,e of the Chald... n.: And they maintain that thi . rorcrs towh.ti" aidinthi, vefK:"Arandicdb"fo,e ,h.fauofThara;nthelandofhi,binhin.hc fi,. oftheChaldean"; that i., becausc: he ,efu.cd tow"rship fire, he was consumed by fire, HU~ 8W QUIiSTtOI<S 01< GBNESIS 11.18,'
'Gm!1:ll."HQG4l,
29-32 ABRAHAM AND HIS FATHER, TERAH,
MOVE TO MESOPOTAMIA
"And AbTam and Na~or' look wivtJ; t~r nam r of Ab,am'J wife wa, Sor4;, and tbe name DJ Naho" wif., Mikah, Ih. daughur oJ Hara" tb. Jatht. DJ Mi!cab and l"01h, .oNow SaTa; wo, barrrn;.beh01d nO child. " Tn01h t ook Abram hil .011 and Lor th r Ion oJ Ha,an, his g,andlon, and Sarai hil daughrn.in.law, hi , '0" Ab,am', wife, and they w,nr Jorth togetber Jrom UTI DJ th, Chaldean' to go into the land DJ Canaan; but when they torne to Ha,an, I theJ ,wled there. " Thr .lap DJ Tnah Wc" two hundrcd and fivc J,ars; and Tcrah died in Haroll,'
Ovn.\·,mw, Abraham and hi. brothe, Naho, marrrSauiandMikha,Saraii.al.ocall.d Iscahinthebiblicalna"nive (AucusTlNt, Je~o .. ~J . Terah. Abnllam and hi. famil), leave the land "fthc Chalduni and move.o Me.o· potamia (AuGusnNE ),Abrahami ,theonc wholead,hi,ratherandhi,family,oMe,o·
po.amiaafrerGodhad.ppeareatohim (CHI\YSOSTOM ), Naho" Abnllam', broth.., lap.e,in,othe.uper"i,ionof"'eCnaldun, andlater,b),reasonofhi'rtpentance,tml' ,ra ... in,o Me,op",amia as Abraham had done bef"re (AucusTlNE). Terab di .. in Me$o. poramia , bu, i,tsnofpo..ibl •• o e$,abh$nthe
-, G ... u,s,,~
.u,.numbc:rofycuothath.hadlpcn.in ,ha. land (AUGUSTTN.).
,m all" Nahor
11 :29-30 AI...
Tak~
Wivu
IIC .. H!sT M,S"'U. .. SS....u.AUGUST'H I: -And Ab.. m nd N.h", took them w,vcl: .h. name of Abram', ",if. wu S.,a;; and Ih. name nfNahor'1 wif. Milcah .• h.d.ughtcrof Haran. ,h. f..h.rof Milcah , .nd ,h. fa,h,of bcah:Th,. iscah i. luppoud.o be .h.... m. as Sa.. ,. Ab.. h.",·. ... iu.CrT .. OFGoD ,6.,:.'
11 ,31 Tu,," L ...
v., Ur,,"" Sm lu ill
Har"" T .... .. ,A ..... ...... .... "T,, &, .F.... ILT l. ...... u •. AUGUST("., NUl If" ,d..... d ho ..·T...hwi,hhi.familrl.ft,h' ''''g,,,n ,,f th.Chald .... n... ndcam.'n'oMcsop"'amlll .ndd... cI"nHa.. n.Butn("h ,ngi.u;d .. bou, oncofh"lon.caUcdN.hor.a, ifAb,amh. d not t.k.n h,m.lonl:w;th him. For the na"a · tlv •• un.thu,, -AndT...h,ookAbramh .. ... n• • ndLo,th.sonofH ... n.h .. "'n·• ..,n. andS ••ahhi, daughrct.,n·la .... h'.",n Abum'o wife. and led them fOrlh oul of ,he rcs,on of th. Ch .. ld •• n, to So in'o th. land of Canun,. ndhe came in,o Ha.an. and d...1t ,h... : N.ho. and Milcah hi,wifc ..e nowh ••e named h.... C,T .. Of Go" ,6.t}.' R.L .. T ' ON5 HT PS\>," T H ' .. T H BE ..
t<' ....Tt .. G
F.... , L~.JBIlo .. E:Aran{HaranJ was,h •• onof Thara[T..ah j.th.b.o,h •• ofAbram.nd N.chor INahor ]. andhcf.. h...d,wodaugb . t.".Mclch... IMikh,j ."dSo ••,who••",. nam.d je"... l i..,.h ). h.d .... o namu.Of th •••. Nachor 1001: Meleha a. wif•• and Abram ,001: S.ral.becau•• m.. ",agub•• w•• nund • • • nd brolher' d.u~l"", h.d "Ot ye, b•• n forbid .
d."brtb.la ..·.E... nm .... ri.o.rsbc: ...... n bro,h.n.nd.incr' ''''.... con' .., •• damong Ihe fiuI human bc:ingi. HURBW QUUT(ON, ONG~NU ' 5, ... g.'
A....... .... l. . .. ". H, 5F.... ,UOUTOPTH. l. .. N" O.T H.CHAo LD... NS.C"USOSTO .. : S;nc•. howcy.r.rh ...~ madcmenIlOnofthc patriarch.l.tul pu,bcforcyourgoo-dnlvu .o-day·. ruding . if ynu do no, mind • .., ... to uplainitand.hu.«e theutrao.d,nary degu.: of the good man'. virtue.-Th... !Th ... ); .he tut oa)"l'.·,ook h .. ..,n. Ab.. · ham and Nacho •• h" ",,,'. s.o" Lot. and h.. daugh ...·in·I .... Sar.h.hi•• onAbr.m·.w;fc. and led th.m f.om th. land ofChald,.. to JOu.ney in'o ,he Londof the Ca"uni.c •. H. wcn, as far as Chart.n IHa.. n } .. nd «ttled .here. Than lov.d 'wo hundred and five yean inCh ...an .• ndd,cdinCharr ... n."l.c,,,. a".nd prccucll' ,o.hc r •• ding. I b.luch you. .0 .... '0 m.nag. 'og.... p.h< pl.,n •• n•• oflh. wri"ng•. Notc.,nfoe,.nghtmlilfbc:glnning .hue «eml 10 bc: ''1unnon ,n th. word. " •• d. Th .. bI.ued au.ho.-Mo .... r m..n. ar •• -Th.ra .ook Abrah,m and Nachor and l.d,h.mf,om,h.r .. ndofCh ... ldutojourney infOth.landol.h.C.. n .... nitu.H.w.n ... far a.Chart.".nd se.rI.d ,hu.: Th. bl.ucd S"phenwouldlalcrw-c:th.foUow,ngword. 'npra.. 'n~th."'ws:"ThcGodofgrory .ppca..d '0 our fathcr Ab.. h.m wh.n h ...·... ,nM
'NPNFl:H' .. 'N PNF1:,1IS.19.'HQC fl.,....,,n. ...,,
.,nee ,h~ 50n .... God·f~u'ng, God .ppeared ", h,m and eaU.dllpon him 1o mO¥e,huc . Hi. fuhn Tha.a. 'hollgh h. hlppcned.oh.:. he'lhen. nevor.h~lu.for,he.ffce' i(>nhc had
fn,hi.,on'gr •• d ,ooceomp.nJ·himinhi. m'grllion.H.wcn •• oCh.".n,IC.. lcdlherc .nd.h".cndcdh"lifc.ThcnuwUlha•• hc pu,,'reh movcd.o Canun I f God', bidding. Of [Oll'at. God did no..... n,f.. hIm from Ihcrc IInlil Th ••• p...ed on. HO'UUUON
G ....... )'.7.· N .. H O .. I.. ..T U . J01NS
H , s R . L.. TI V. . , N
M UO~OT .. .. IA . AUGUSTI .. U' Blit Ifterward,. when Ab,lhlm ocnl his ,ernnt.o Ilk. a wifc fn.h"5Onisllc.wcfindi,.hll.w", .. n,"And th."n·lnt.ook .. ncamdsof.hcumclsof h,.Io.d, "ndof.Jl.h.goodlofhi,10,d ....,th h,m, and ImIC, Ind w.n. In'O Muopolam"" In.o . heellyofNlhor."' Th,,"ndn.hu.elli. mon, •• ofrhis,lcredhistnry.ho"·lhlt N.ho,.Abrahlm·, bro.h ... h.dllool.f.lhc rcg,onor.he Chlldcan•• nd fi~.d hlllt>od. in Muopoum,a. wh ... Ab.lhlm dwelt with his fllhcr.'Nhr, . hcn.did rhc Sc"prufc no. m.n · "on h,m when T,,"h wi,h hIS flm ily w.n' fonhou.oflh.Chald.ann.tion.ndd....,II'n H.ran.Jlnce"mcnrinn,.hath. look wllh h'm no, only Abrahlm his..,n bUI 1110 Suah hlldlughtcr·in·lawandLothi,grond,on! Theonlj' rcl5nn w .can ,hinkofll.hatpcr· hap,heh.dl.p.. dfrnm.h,plClyofhufa,h" Indbro.her.lndadhc ..dtn.he.upernillon ofth~Chaldea .... ndh,dlftu,,·.,d' .. m,. g,ar.dth.......hcrthmughpenitcnnor
h.:cau •• h...... penecu'edu.luspe,..dpe,· "'n. CITY Of Goo ,6,'j.'
11 , 32 T.rahDin in H ar,," Co" T' ''U ' T ~ OFT....l 'IlO/ol AD.. ,. T O A ...... " .. ,.. AUGUIT"'!' On Terlh·. dUlh in M''''poum,a . whcr~ h. u said 10 hIve liv.d ...... hllndredandfi ... yee.lken .. if h.h.d .pen,allhisday. lh . rebll . lh.lh • •h... compl... d.h.d'ysofhi.lif•• wh"h ...·•••• wohundrcd.ndfiv.y ..... O.her..... " would not he kno .. n how many yea .. T.rah [n,,,,d •• ,nce"i.no...,dinwba'y... ofhlllif~ h."me,n.oH ... n.And" .. aMII.d.o.IlP· po.e'h.tin.h .. , ..... ofg.nu.tton •. wh ... il,.carefu llyrecord.dhowmanyyca •• ea(h on. lived.hi • • gc w.a . Ih. only One nOI pu,on •• cn.d. Fn,allhnugh onm. whom ."C.lmt Scripturcm.nllon.dnnn.h.v.lh''''ge ruord.d .• hcyorcno.in.hi,o.ri... ,nwh .. h th.",ckon,ngoftlmci.conrinuoulij· 'nci,· ,"edby.hcdu,hof . h.p"ren .. and,h •• uc· cc,,'onoflhe(hild,~n.For.hi'$Cn .... whi.ch i'g,v.n in o,der f, nm Adam.o NOlh and from h,m down.o Abraham. con , .in. no nne wi.h(>II" h. numbcr(>f.b~y, ... ofhi.lif. C1T\' Of GOD ,6., .... ' T H.
f J 17,
A p PENDIX
Early Christian Writers and the Documents Ciud
Tht following table lists aU
mt arly CbristUn Ooo.m~nts o;;••d in this voIum. 1»' .uthor. Whe...vail .
Th.odore,ofCyc ·Compn>dium of the H .... ticaJ Myth."(H""""Il~",m f.b.J4".m ,.",pmd..",) ·On Intama,icm of th. Lord" (0. j",anotl'lOft. dvm,ni) ·Qu... ion$onG~I$" (Q1u<"IOft
m.
IS:
TLG4089.031 TLG40S9.02! TlG40S9.022
CHRONOLO(l I CAL L I ST OF PERSONS &: WR I T I N(lS
Tb. following chronology will assiSt rude .. in locating pa";,,ic writ"". wri t ings and recip,en" oflene ...efer.edto;n,hispatr;"iccommenUC)·, Persons .... rr.ngcdch.onologicallraccord· mgto the ... minal date of the yea .. during which ,herfl"urished rfl. j 0•. wh.re th.,e.nno,'" determ,ned. the date of d.ath or approxim.te d.te of "'ridng or innuena. W.iting. are arrang.d .cco.ding to ,he approximate d3l. of composition. Tbisli" i. cummulative with r.spect to vol um .. ofth.ACCS •• I....dtod ••• Jo,cphus . FlavJUs.37_c. 101 Clement of Rome (pope j. r
S"."dLn",.j CI.",.", {so_caJled j.c.l;O PolycarpofSmyrna.c.69 -1;; Junin Marty. (ofFlavia N •• polis in Pal.,· ,inej. c. 100/ 1l0·165,n.c. 14S·161 Al."'~""1 Or.d ... c.lauerh.lf.2ndc.nt. Th.ophilu.ofAntioch. l ....e
Minuciu.FelixofRomc,n.2181235 OrigenofAleundri.,b.185.fl.c.200·254 NO\'l,ian of Rom., n. 235·2;S Cyprian of CarduS', f1. 24S·25S Diony.iu.theG.earofAI.nndria,n.c 247·265 Gregory Tbaumarurgu. {,he Wonder worker },c.213·270 / 275 Commodian.c.,hirdorfif,hu ntu.y Eu,h.lius.he Du
11.(.19; ·222 C.llistu, of Rome (pope). r
us
Acacl ... ofCularca, d. 366 Ma«donill,ofConlun';nopl • • d.c.362 Hi!a ryofPoi, ie ... c.3 I S·36?; fL3SO·36i Po.amill.ofLi.bon. fl.c.3S0·360 AthanuilllofAluandria.,.295·373;fi. 325-37) EphremtheSyriln.b. c. 306;fl.363·1n Mac.ina,heYo\lng.r. c.1 2?·380 Sal il,htGrn,ofCullrca, b.c.HO;fl.
GrcgoryofNa:... n%\lI.b.329/3 30.t1.1n.189 MacaroIlJofEgYP1 ,C. 300·c. 390 Pscldo· Mac'''"I.fl.c. 390 G ..goryofNy ..... c.335· 394 Amphiloch ,,," of lconillm. c. 340/ j.c4;·p""
Cy.il ofAluand.ia, 375--444; fl.412-444 P..,,,do·V,c,o.ofAn,ioch, fifchcen,",y Ammonilu,c.fifchc.nrury Pc •• rChrylOloglll.c.405-4SO Leo.h. Gr.a, of Rom. (POpc ) . ...,gn. 44(l·461 Th.odorc. ofCyr, 393-466; fi. 447-466 Sa,i l ofSel\lda,fi. 440-468 Salvian ,h. P.nbyt.r of Ma ... ill.. , c. 400.(.
.,
HilaryofArln.c. 401·449 E\lthymi\l. (Palc..in. j. 377·473 DiadCKhll . ofPho.iu.c.400·47~
Gcnnadhu of Cono •• ntinopl •. d. 471; n. 458-471 P""do·D ,onyll\ll 'h.Areop>g;,,,.c.~82·c.
S32:t1c. SOO Symmach ... of Rom. (~), ""In. 498·514 jacobofSarll,. 451 ·521 Philonn\l. of Mabbll,. c. 440·523 FlIlgen';\I,of R"'pc.c . 467·532 Sev(r\l,ofAn, ioch.c.465·538 Ca..arill' ofArln. 470·542 Oorothelll ofGa:.a.fl.c.525 Cyrilof Scythopoli •. b. 525;fl.c.5SO Puchuiw of Dllmillm. c. 515·,. 580 L... ndu.c.)4S·c.6O(l ()ocumcn, w .•,nhc.nrury G.c,,>r'Y .h.Gru. (P""!'<), 5-40-6O'I; ""gn.
,,,....
bidor.ofSeviUe.c.S60-'36 S.hdon. (M'''yri \ll j.f1.63;-640 Bra\llioofS .rago.... c.;8;.651 M..';mll • • hc Conf...or.c. 580.662 And.ca. (c .• cvcn,h ccnrury) baac of Nincvch. d. ,. 700 6cde.h.Vene.abl•• 6n·73; joh nofOamuclIl, c.6
B I OGRAPHICAL SKETCHES &: SHORT DESCRIPTIONS OF SELE C T ANONYMOUS WORKS
Thi'lining i. cumul .. iv~, indud'ng all the authue. and wudu; cited in this serin to date, Alua ndccufAluandeia (n.312·328 }. Bi.hopofAleundei~ ~ndp,..,de<eS$u,uf
Athan:uiu •. upon whom he a.. cned considc,' abl~ theological influence during ,he ri •• of Ariani . m. Alcund" u
I.'"
lea,d commentacr fcom ..clicc wTiten to form a catena un nrious bihlic.1 books , Aphrahat (c, 270,350 fl. 337·34S)."ThcPer. ,ianSage" .. ndfirotmajorSyeiac w,i. erwhu,e
::~: s;:;~ir:e:~c~e!. al,u known by hi. Greek Apo llinariu. ofLaodicu (31O_c.392 ). Bi.hoporLaodice. who wa'~tt~ckedby
Gregor)" of Nazian.u., Gregor)" of Nr'u and Thcodor
18_'
31~·)?)1 · BilhopofAlenndr ... from)l8, though oncn in «ik Ht WTOto hi. cla»i. po. IcmiClagainlt the Ari .. ns whHe moU of the e... ternbi.hop. wcnagainlt him. Athcnal" r •• (fI.176·180).EarlyChrini.n philOlophu .. nd apologist from Athenl, who$< only authnticat.d w'"ting.. A Pk. Rt· p 'd'ntO' ..."·IU,i. addrUHdtotheempcron M.. rau Aurotnu and Commod.'Ui, and do . fends Chriuian. from the common ..:nu.a. tlonlof uhellm,mce" ond c.n nibolilm . Augu .. i.. e of H ippo (354·430). Bllhopof Hippoondavoluminou.writcronphilofOph. ical,u.gClicaJ.rheologicaJand cccle.iological .opin. He formulated rhe Wutern doe"in Cf ofpndUlLna. ion andoriginaJ , in m hIS wri,· ,nv oS",nlt 'he Pclasian •. S.ba; .h, G.u. (d. 62B). Syro.ac monk who foundedamonuteryandKhool,nhilresion of B.,hZabda)· andla ••• • trvcd u thi,d , upc . roora. the Gn .. , Conven. of Mount lzlodu, · mS .. pcriodofcrisi.in,htNc"orianchutch. S.,H.h.Gru. (h.c.330,f).3S7·319).On.of .heCapp.doe'anfathe ... bllhopof C ...... ,ca .nd ch .. mpionof.h .....ch, ngonth.Tnniry propounded .. t N",cacain 325.H ....... grea. .dm,.. "truorandfound.d.mona"i( rulc. Balilid .. (fl . .."ond,en,ury ). Aleundri .. n hucucof . h· ... r1r ..condccn.urywhoi.... id .o havcbe],evcd.ha •• oul. migra,.frombody .obodyand,ha,w.donOllinifwclie.opro· tee, ,h. body from ma"yrdom. Bede .h. V.nerabl. (c. 672 / 613·7)S). O n. of .hcmOl,lcarnedmenofhi.arcandau.ho,of A_Ea"I .'Jardi ••
,1t.
cou .." and whkh.pccifk,Urde ..1 "'ith tlw: more.dvanced .... gClofgrn ... thi nthe.por'. tuallik BencdiClo(Nllflia (c.480·S41).Con.id.,.d ,hcmo"imporun,figurein ,h c hiJloryof W.ltern mon."ki.m. B.n.din found.d many mon ...eries .• hemOltno,ablc(ound., Mont.u» ino , bu.h,.I ...,inginflu.nCllay '" hi. famoUl Rule. Th, Rule out"n Cl the ,h«>. log.caland,n.p"."onalfound.ouonofth. mon." i, idul ",hil • • bo Icg.d."ng ,h•• h.. pc ondorglnizationofthecoenoboticlif. Braulioo(Saragoul(c.58;.65I ).Bi.hopof S .... go..a6H-6SI.ndno .. d ... rit.rof th. Vi.igoth .. .. n ......."c •. H" LijrofS, .A.mil· ia n... i. hi. crnwning li,crary Khi ..emen,. C ..... ria.ofA rl .. (c. 410·542 ). Bi.hopof Aries from SO) known primarily for h,. pu,o. ..lpreach,ng. Cu.i.n,Johll. (J60-4J2). Au,hot of.
18,.
Cypri.n ofCanh_g" (fl. 248·258). M~rf)' ... d bishopofCuthagc who maintained that tho.cbapll:cd by ochi.m•• ico and hCTOI1n hadnooha,.,nthcblutingsofthcthll.ch. Cyril ofAluand. i. (37S-4+I;fl.412-4+1). !'unuch of Aleund ... ..,ho.ellrongClpollsa! ofthcunlf)'0fCh.II.I.d,o.h.condcmnuion ofNello,;us;n43). Cy.iLofJcrll l&l.m (c.3IS·186; fLc .348). BI shop ofJcrllulcm af.. , 150 and all.ho, of C...dHII,aIH.",iI"•. Diad och ... of l>ho. icc (c. 400.474 ). Anti. monophYlheb"hopofEp,ruI Verus..,ho.e wo,k D",.~','.~ II>t AJ<'~"'" .fo... lA,dj<.ftJ Chri"cxened 'nfluenn,nbo,hthcE.u,and W.st through IU Chaleedon,an Ch.istologt·. Hc,"alKJ,helub)Cc.of,hemy,"caIV"""'·f SI.D"'o!oc],~I I".d'"p4p"",,(t'~Epr .....
Diol.o,I>t (c. 140). A ,ntofunknown.u,ho,· • hlp.th.,'ntt ...... ,ne. J..... i.he
.aJin.hecondemnat'onofOrogcn. Ephr.,.,•• h.Syrian (b.,.3(I6;n.].63-373). Sy.oanw.. terofcommenla,i.. "nddevo';onaJ bymn. wb .. b ..c oomttimu ug"rd~d as Tb, greatUllpccimcn.nfChriui.npoctf)'prio. .0D.n ... E.. che.iu. of Lyon. (f1.4 20_449 ). 8ilhopof Lyonsc.435-449.So rn into.nuiltocra"c f.mily. be. along with hi. wife a"d lon •• join.d ,h.monalle'r"U,in•• oon.f,e,i"found· Ing. E.. "omi.u (d. 393). Bi.hopofCj'Zky .., wh" was ~tt",hd by Suil.nd G"gory of Ny ..... fo,m.,n,.,nlnJ; fhat the Farh., and ,h. Son wcr.ofdiffucn, n .." ..... on~lng~ncr"'c . on" gcn,'lft. E....,bil.. ofCau.... (c. 260126l·340). 8ishopofea.sa,.... p.ni.... of.h.cmpc'0. Con.. anlU"lnd6 .. thisto,ianofth • Chrudanchu,ch. H. arg"cd m.. ,h . .. u,h oftbc gospclhadb.cnforuh.dowcd,n p.g.nw,iting.bu,hadtodefendhi,own doctrln •• gain ...ti.picionofAri.n,)·mp • • Ih,.s. E.. leb'ul o(Em ... (c . 300·c.3S9). Bi'hopof Emu. from c. 339. A biblic.I"".g....nd writuoncloctrinal • .,bjecu.hcdllplay.oome ..,ml.A"antcndencieoofhi.m. n,o,EulCb,u • ofCusau" E.. I.biulofVerceUi (f1. c. 360). 811hopof Vercelhwhosllppo"cdthctr,nita.. lnteach · Ingo(NlCle. {12S) wheni,,,·uM,nll .. nde •. m,ned by comp.omi•• in th~ W"". F...idi ... (c. follrth.fifthccn,,,r'CI). BrUlsb • .. tho,ofOn,I>tCb,,,,,an Lij•. Hei l bcheved ,,,h.v. w"tten . "m. works.tt.ibu,.d '0 1'< · log'u" F.... ti " ". (f1.380).Ap,iuI;n Rom cand ... p· p""crofLIlcifc,and .u,hot of ...e.t1.. on
RU'pc"ndlulho.ofm.nyorthodoxlCrmonl .ndtr.cu undcrth einfl ..enc.ofAugultinc. G.ud."'iulofS.ncl. (fl.39S). Succe..... of Fillltri ...... bishopofRrcocia.nd.uthorof Gen""dio,, ofConna",;nopl. (d.471 ). Pacri · Irch ofConltan
hetf:movcdabi,hopf. omhi'.Ulndap· pointed a new bilhop. Leodcmotcd Arl.. fromamctropolitanlCe t oabilhopri c tou ... tpapalpowcrovuthe church inGlul. Hiiarro(Poiliul {c. }I:;·367j. B!.Ihopof Poilieuand called thc "AthanuiuIOfth. W.,,"bea ... eofhlldefeme {lga,nl< thcAri. In sj of .hc common natu.c of Fa.hcr and Son. Hippo!y"n (fl .1l2·245 ). Rcccnt Ichol ... h,p plaec. Hippolylul in. PaJ ...inian ro nln •. pc.oonally fam ih.r wi.h Or.g.n. Though h. is known mOldy for ThtRtfo,." .. o/AIl H.,." ... hc "·upromarll,· lcommcn",.or",,Sc" ptUr. ( .. p«iaJly Ihc 01dT...amcnc ) and ochu ... · crcdt • .,,,. Ignuill.ofA ndoch (c.35·107 / 112j. 6il hop ofA ntioch ... howrocc.cvcr.ll...... . o locoJ churches whilehcing.alr.cn ITom Antioch to Rom. to be martyred. In the le...... wh.ch " ·.mlg.,nlthcruy. h ••,,cuc. orthodox Chri..olog,·. Ihc ce n...lif)· of ,he Eueha",. anduniqucrol cof.hc bishop inp reoc rv,ng .hc unity of th. chu.ch. I.cnulllof l.yon (c. 135·e.202j. Bllhopof l.yoIU who p.. blilhtd the moll fa moul lnd m' flucntiai refulllionofGnOl.ie .hough•. illlc ofNiBCnh (d.c. 700). AI.olr.nown .. l'lIc thcSyri.nor haacSy.u•. Th tl monaotic writu •.,... cd for a. hOff whilc as bishop of Nine "chbeforrruiring.oli.. c. "dud.d rno. n..ticlif•. H .... rillnglonale..ic.ubJccll .u""v. in the form of numUO", homili ... hho'dld of Mc ... (fl. c. 850). Nuto.i.n cOm· mcntatorof,hcn, nthec nrur,·. H cwrolCclpc· ciaUronJ.m ..,1 P..erandlJohn Juom. (c. 347.420}. Giftcd ucgclflnd upo' ncn'of. dalficoJ la,in lIyle. no""bu, known u thc ..ansJuo, of.h. la"n Vulg . ... He de· fcndtd the pcrpcru.oJ Y'rg,n,ry of M• .,·. u · uckcdO"g.na.ndPclagiUland.uppo".d uueme ..ccu c prac!Lcc, John Chry.otlo m (344 / 354.407: fl. 386·407).
J8f
Bilhop ofConstan.inople who wu famoUl for hilorlhodoEy.hi. d "'lucne.andhilanadu
on Ch",. ;an 1uil)' in high plae,.... John of DamucllO (c. 6SO·7S0). Arab mOn ... · ,ka nd ,h.ologianwho •• wri tin glc njoyed g,u,infl uenuinbo.h th.Eu.e ,nand We.t. un Churche •. H is m.... famou, wr"i ng was •h.Ortbold...,.F.i,i. John Ibc Elder k cighlh century). A 5yri;u: .uthor who belonged.o monuu,,1Tcle. of .h.Cbu,chofth. Eu. and IIY.d ,n.hc ' .gion of Moun. Qardu (no•• h Ita'!). Hi. mo .. im· twcnty •• wo homil iu and portan. wrmngs acoll cction offifty-onc. honle..... in wh ich h.ducribe •• h.myoticallifeuanan.icip.· .o'yupcrienceof ,he ,uurn.;:uonlife.,ho frUIIof.he.acramenuofbaptilmand,h.E,,· cha"... J,)J.ph.I. Fl... iUl (c.3i.c.IOI ) .~w,"hhi .. o. "anfromadll.ingui.hedp" ..dyflmilr·A,qua ,n•• d wi.h ,h. E ... nc. and Sadducc••. hc him.e1f1>.u m.a Phari .... Hejo,n ed.h. gr.a<Jewi.h r.vol • •h.,brokg1...g.,n .. bo.hpa· g.nlandJcW$.logy;h....... v.nru.lly m ...y ..d. Lu nd cr (c .;4;-c.600). L.. in.ccl.,iutical w",.r. of who •• work. onl)" .wo lu,viv •. H e ..... 'nltrumcn..li •• pre.din~Chriltiaoi.y Imong,heVi.igo. hs.gaini ngllgnifi"n, hi.·
at.
ror"alinflu.nccinSpa;ninhil .im•. Leo the G.u. ( ..gn.440-46I ). Bi.... opof Rom. who•• T..... f. Fl.wi.n hel p.d.o ,,,ik<. balanc.bu..... nN .. toria n andCy.ill in.po.i. .ion'"l lh.Co uncil ofChll..don in4S1. L
,.,.."i.....
much of th~ Ne-a' Te.um.nt, claiming Ih •• (h.F.. btrnfJ~'Il$Ch. ilt ",aIQ .h•• rh.n rhe C.ca",rGod (."G nonicl). M.riuI Vic. nrim.. (b. c. 280/285; fl. c. 355· 363 ). Grammarian who , •• n.lated "'0.1.. of Plaronoauand,ali.. hlll,tcconvc.. ion (c. 355). ulCd.hem·E·mlt.hcA... n•. Mark Ihe H.rmit (c .•inh c.n.ury ). Monk .... hohvcd nu.T."u. and productdwo.kl on .....,,<pract icc, .. wcUuchril
M.l h .. diul ofOlymp ... (fl . 290). Bil hopof Olympus whoccl.b ..... d .. i.ginny in. Syml"" "."'p,.!ll' modcl.donPLa, o'.dillogucof,hat M.. ,ui"O••.tI••. Anapocalyp.IClndst,.;ctl,· .scellcmo.. emcn,'t>cgun,nlhcl.ucrh.l fof th •• ccondccn'"'rbr"ccrt.,n Monunus ,n Ph,ygia,who .• lonsw"h ccrt.in of hi. follow . en,utt ••• dor .. dcs,hcrd.,m.dw..c in'pir.d brthcHolrSpmt.L"d.of.h""then,,cor.· d., .emamo and mOll of whit 'I knowo of Mootanoarn corn .. from rhe .",11..... who ,," 0'" .S"n" ,h. mo ... m.nl. Mon.,ni.m w •• formallj'condemn.d .... he,urbefor.hr
Aaiaricayno.b. Nemeo;1I1 of Em ... (f1, bte fourth «n.uey) . Bi.hop of Emua in Syri.. whoa. mOJt impoe. I.. nl woek. Ofl]" NalMrt of MG", de .. wo on an· oIor:al.ndphiIOM>phicallOUe(Olan
.,.I ....
!O,
P~lagi ... (c . 354·c. 420). ChTistian t.ach~r who.~ foUower. w• ..., cond.mned. in 418 and 431foTmainuiningthat.Chriotiancouldb. perfect.ndth.t nlva,iond.pendedonfre. will P.,,,, Chrysolog ... (c. 380·~;O). Latin arch· bi$h"p of R.."nna wh",. ,,,aching. inciuded .rgum. nu fOTth".uprem.cy of the papacy .nd,h"rela,ion.hipbetw".ngtaceandChTi•. 'ianliving Philonnu. of M.bb" g «. 440·SB ). Bi.hop of Mabb .. g (Hienpoli.) and. le.ding ,hinket in th •• arly Syri.n Orthodox Church. Hi. ex· '.n.ivrwri'ing.inSyriacindud•••• tofthi'· teen Di"ow,,",on 'h.Chrjni~"Lif, .•e.eral work. ontheincarna,ion.nd.numberof .. · .gericalwo, lu. Po~m~n (c. fifth c. ntury). A common tide among early Egyp,ian dun, ucttk • . One. stven,hof,h esayingsin.heSGyiftl,·j,b, D",,'F~,h .., ar.attribu,.dtoPoemen.which i,Gte.kf",.h.ph.td.ltis unknownwh",hr alloftnes.ying,comefTomoneperoon. PolyurpofSmyrna (c . 69·iS5}.Bi.hopof Smyrn.whovigorowlyfoughtneretics.uch .. the Marcioni'e'.ndV.len,inian • . He "·a. .h.ludingChri .. ianfigu.rin Roman Asi. in the middle of the •• cond c.ntur)" Po,amiu , ofL i.bon (fl.c .3S0·360 ). Bi.h"p of Usbon who join.d.h. Arian part)" in 3S7, but l ... r returned '0 ,h. Ca,holic fai.h (c 3S9!).Hi.work.frombothperiod,arecon· cern.d with th. larger Trinitarian d.ba ... of hi . ,im. Pruden.iu. (c. 348·c.~IO) . Latin pO~t . nd hymnwriterwhod ••" ..dhi . laterlif.to Chri.. ianwri,ing.H.w,otrdidacticpoem. onthe.neologyoftn.incarnation •• gain.tth. her.mM arcion. nd.gain ... h• ...,.urg.nceof pagan .. m P •• ud o·Dion y. i.... h. Areop.gi •• (fl.c.;OO). Au,hor who .ssumed the n.m" of DionYl iu.
the Areop.gite m.n.ioned in Acts 17:34. and who co mposed .h. works known a. the C.rp~' A,...p4g;t;'Jm (orDi"'.;Q'.m) ....1.h"ughthe au.hor".tt ... idcntityr~m.in •• mrsterr· Puudo·Macariu. (fl. c. 390 ). An imagina,iv. writer.nd .sc.ticfromM •• opotami.toeas. .rnAlia Minor wi,h ke.n inlightin.ohuman na.ureanddea. articula.io nof,h. ,heolog)· of'hc TTinity. Hi . work include.... m. one hundred di.cou .... . nd homili • • Quod v ultdcu.(fl.430}.Ca .. h...giniandcacon andfri.ndo(Augu ..incwho. nde •• or~dto .how,1t l~ngth how the N.w T .... men: fol· fin.d ,h. Old T .... ment R .. fi nu. of Aquileia (c. H;·41 I ). Orthodox Ch,istianthinkerandhi.torianwhononethe· 1....nn.l.t.dOrig.n.nddef.nd.dhim against th •• tric. ures ofJcTom. and Ep.ph.· Sabelliu.(fI.200).All.g.dlyth.au.hoTofthc hc .. sy which mai nt ains that the Fath. r and Son.re •• inglep".,on.Th'patrip ...ian,.ar i· .n,ofthi,n .... yita ... ,hat.heFather ,uf. (er.don,hecro.. Sahdona (f1.63S·640 ). Known in Greek a, Martyrius.Thi.Syriacaurho.wa.bis hopof Beth GaTm.i for •• hoTt tim •. Hi. mo .. im po".ntworki" hed.eplrscrip,u.aIS".oj Pcrj,"io". whichranksuoneofthem a.ter· picce.ofSyriacmona •• icli,eu,ure. S.I.i.n.hePr•• hyt~rofM.rseil1." ( .400·c 480 }. Animportant au,hor for rh. hi .. or)' of hi. own 'ime. Hc ,"w .he faU of Rom. n ci.iii. ~.,ion .othe b.rbarian. con •• quence of 'he..,prehen,ible condu," of Roman Chri,·
n,yof JohnChrylollom.Suc rian w.. , highl)' Tegard.d pTuch.. in Constatt.inople. paruclIlarlra,th.;mpcr,,]court, and IIhi· muely , id.d ... ilh ChrylOlt"m', accunu. Hi, •• rmon .... dom;natedby.ntihcTC.ical con . Sn.. uI ofA nlioch {c. 46S·S38). A mono· phy.i,.thcolog,an" on..'ra,edhip,opofAn. lIoch in 522.Scv.ru.belicved th .. Ch,;,,', humanna'ur .... u an annu.ohi.diyi nen • • ,ur.andarglled,h .. ifCh"ll w ••• bo,hd, · ~'ne andhuman ,h. wOll ldnecc .. ,rilyh,,~c been lWO pe'lOn. Sb'pb" dof H crrnu (I.colld ccntu,y). A Chri..i.n apoc.lyp .. di"id.d ,n.o fi~. \Ii"o~ •. .... cI~.M • ...t.I•• and,enS",,;IIIMd ... Wrntcn braformt. ,l.veandnamedfor.h.formof l econd ang.1 u;d to h ••• gn nt.d h;m hi. vi.ioRl. l hi ' ... orkwuhighlr · ..··m.dfor iu moralvalu.'nd"'.. u..d .... ,utbookro, u,tchumenl ,nth.unych...,h. Sulpiciu.Sucru. ((. 360..:.420). An ecc1cai. uncal wri.erbornof nohl. p",.n ... O.vodng h,mnlf .o mono ..ic """.men,. he became. pcroon,l fri.nd an d cnthus,unc dilC'ple of St. Mlr
,h.
gi •• andpol.mici •• wholaid.h.foundo.ioll.l ofCh. illologyand,. ini,a.i.an o."hodoryill . h. W.II, though h. hinuclf was u' ... IIged f.om,h.main churchbyiuluilY· Th e odorcof Mop. uu t ia (c.3S0·428) . BilhopofMop"u..,ia,round.rof,h.Ant;o· ch.n., o.li,tralin;c. ochoolofucguit..A gTCllmall;nhildar, hewula'crcondemn.d 11 'prccll rsorofN.llorilll Thcodo.c,ofC,... (c. 393·4(6 ). Bi,hopofCyr (Cy.. h... ). H .... uallopPOn.ntofCyril. whow doctrme or Ch,i..•• perlOn was finally y; nd;catedin4Slat,beCouncU,,{Chal,.don. Thcop hylac, of O h rid (c. HlSO·,. 1108). Byz· an rinearchbilhopof O h.id (or Ach,id.o) In wh,tilno",BlIlgar;".O"""""gonurli.. worlu. h. w.o,e ,ommen""o. on •• n ••l Old Telum.nt boolu . nd .llorth NewT.,u , men, exc.p' fo, Reyelation. Valnd n.lI (fl.c. I40). Alexand"anberc"c of th. mid·wcond ,. ntury ... ho taugh t that th. mllcrt,]wo,ldw... ,cat.d bylh.tnn'g re,. I;on of God ', Wi .dom.or Sopb .. {... Gno,. " co). v.l • • ; ... ofCim;u (fl.,.422·4)9 ). Bishop of Cim;n. H. particip.ted in ,h. coundl< of Ri e: (439) andV.;lon(422 ) w;th,y, .... ,0 • ... ng.heningchurchdiociplinc. H •• u p. pon.d Hilary of Arl.. ill '1",... 4 ..."h Pop< Leol . VincenlofLerino {d. 4}5). Monk whou · .rc.dcon. id.rabl.inflll.nccthroughh .. ....,i!· inglonorthodoldogma.;"heological m•• hod .... contr ... ,iOd .... i. hth .....oIogK.! melhod. ofm.h.'eli", .
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