Pollution Engineering February 2012

POLLUTION CONTROL SOLUTIONS FOR AIR, WATER, WASTE AND REMEDIATION

FEBRUARY 2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

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INSIDE 27

FEBRUARY 2012

VOLUME 44

NO. 2

FEATURES Pollution Engineering’s 2011 Capital Expenditure Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 With uncertain economic conditions, we wanted to learn what our audience thought about environmental spending.

30

Continuous Stack Monitoring with GC-FID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 What exactly are the benefits to operating an explosion proof onsite zero air generator, rather than gas cylinders?

Teaming with a Quality Vendor . . . . . . . 30 Proper preparation and planning will make every project much more satisfying.

2012 Environmental Software Review . . . 35 Finding the software to meet demand can be a daunting task. The following information will streamline the task.

35

MATS Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 In the middle of December, the EPA announced their latest new air regulation.

COLUMNS The Editor’s Desk

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07 Have you ever wondered just how much authority the EPA actually has? By Roy Bigham

Legal Lookout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 What impact will HeiQ AGS-20, a nanosilver-silca composite, have on the future well-being of humans – and the environment? By Lynn L. Bergeson

Casebook Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Although municipal drinking water is considered safe for consumption, does it have a negative impact on contaminated site cleanups? By Dr. Dianne Saxe

Practical Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Not engaging a properly qualified professional to accomplish due diligence will nearly always be a costly mistake. By Norman Wei

The Environmental Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 This month we look at two more groundwater contamination treatment methods that were commonly used in the past – in situ flushing and permeable reactive barriers. By Christopher Young

State Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Environmental Rules change daily. BLR brings a few of the latest changes needed to stay in compliance. By BLR Cover caption: Designed by Art Director Tammie Gizicki.

DEPARTMENTS EnviroNews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 PE Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 Sampling Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Software Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 PE Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Classified Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Advertisers Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

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NEW!

PE White Paper from Thermo Fisher discussing real-time measurement of Greenhouse Gases.

PE Video from Air Liquide that discusses how to safely handle compressed air tanks.

Our editor shares his opinion on environmental topics in the PE CoffeeHaus blog center on Pollution Engineering’s website. A preview of the latest blog entry...

Is the Sun Setting on Solar? Companies that supply solar energy panels seem to be dropping out of the market like golden leaves from the trees in October. Is this a sign of the bust of the industry or the beginning of something better?

What is a Virtual Expo? A gathering of people sharing an online environment to create an interactive experience. It can be considered the online equivalent of a traditional trade show -- and much more! Check out PE’s upcoming virtual show, PE Learning Center on May 16th at www.pelearningcenter.com.

The 2012 Air & Waste Management Associations Conference & Exhibition,

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All points of view are

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June 19-22, in San Antonio, brings together more than 2,000 environmental industry professionals for three days of the best technical program in the industry. 500 presentations, two poster sessions with over 150 posters displayed, over 150 exhibitors and networking events that create new relationships to help boost your career.

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

the

ALERT

EDITOR'SDESK EPA Jurisdiction Questioned Have you ever wondered just how much authority the EPA actually has?

E

nvironmental rules and regulations are expected to be known by virtually everyone. Recent actions by EPA have demonstrated that it is actually the case. As residents of a small town in Idaho, Michael and Chantell Sackett purchased property in a developing subdivision. Although the property was a modest 0.63 acres, they still planned to build a home and a workshop on the site. A wetland was located adjacent to their property, while paved roads had previously been placed in the front and back of the site. In addition, another home had already been built on the other side of the property. Prior to building their new home, the Sacketts exercised normal due diligence and obtained permits to construct from the local authorities. Since they wanted to level the property, a contractor began to prepare the land after the couple received their permits. In the meantime, it appears that someone unknown to the couple complained. The person’s identity was protected against disclosure. The EPA showed up at the property and noted the contractor adding fill material to the site and ordered them to cease all activity because the agency considered the property to be a wetland. According to documents that the property owners sent to the Army Corps of Engineers, the Shaketts asked the EPA representative how they could determine the property was a wetland; in response, the EPA representative stated that a “little water was visible.” The couple had sold their home before the housing bubble burst and they were living in temporary quarters until construction was completed. They tried to contact the EPA to see what could be worked out. They were rebuffed. So, they took the only recourse left to them by filing a lawsuit. EPA filed a motion to dismiss and the judge granted it. When their lawyer filed for clarification and reconsideration, the judge again denied their request, concluding that his decision did not require clarification. The couple met with legal walls at every turn. EPA sent a letter to the Sacketts demanding that they restore the property to its original condition. Further, they told the couple that penalties for failure to comply could cost them as much as $37,500 per day. The order further described in some detail the quantity and types of plants that must be placed – and where. They were also told to monitor the site to ensure that the plants had survived. EPA demanded full access to the property and required

the couple to disclose the agency documents to any future potential purchaser. The maze of legal twists and turns seem unimaginable. Reading some of the Ninth Circuit Court decisions seemed like watching the movie, Catch 22. What is a private citizen or even a small business to do? Fortunately, the wetland topic has never been completely addressed by the courts and some corporations thought this might be a good opportunity to obtain a ruling from the best legal minds in the land. On Monday, Jan. 9, 2012, lawyers presented arguments to the Supreme Court justices. Several corporate interests have joined the process to add their

“

The Sacketts should have received a helping hand from the EPA rather than being treated so poorly.

voices by filing friend-of-the-court briefs for the case. The wetland topic is one that is particularly difficult for even the most seasoned environmental professional, let alone a private landowner. In the past decade, arguments have progressed to the highest court in the land where the final decision was that the Army Corps of Engineers and EPA have overreached their authority in deciding what constitutes a wetland and navigable waters of the United States. I, for one, hope that the justices will make a clear declaration that will finally put this issue to bed and help corporations make better decisions. I also hope they find a way to help protect private citizens from what appears to be overzealous actions by government agents. The Sacketts should have received a helping hand from the EPA rather than being treated so poorly. If the property is a wetland, then there should have been a way to provide offsets or some other mechanism to help, rather than just slap the couple around and effectively confiscate their property. PE

”

Roy Bigham is Editor of Pollution Engineering. He can be contacted at [email protected]

FEBRUARY2012

www.pollutionengineering.com

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ENVIRONEWS PE Events MARCH 2012 6-9

WQA Aquatech 2012 USA, Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, www.wqa.org

10 Clean Energy Finalists Picked

Nearly 60 clean energy businesses from eight Midwest states entered the annual competition.

11-15 Pittcon Conference and Expo 2012,

Orlando, Fla., www.pittcon.org 13-15 Water, Energy, Technology and

Environment Exhibition 2012, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, www.wetex.ae

14-16 GLOBE 2012, Vancouver, British

Columbia, 2012.globeseries.com 14-16 Environmental Industry Summit, San

Diego, www.ebionline.org/environmental-industry-summit

19-23 8th International Conference on Air

Quality - Science Application, Athens, Greece, www.airqualityconference.org

27-29 7th AsiaWater 2012 Expo & Forum,

On Jan 12, 2012, the Clean Energy Trust announced the 10 companies that had reached the final stage in competing for the $100,000 grand prize at its second annual challenge in Chicago this year. Government and private enterprise have come together to fund and judge organizations that are working to provide clean solutions to the energy requirements faced by consumers and commercial enterprises in the United States. “These are highly competitive applications that really showcase the innovation coming out of the region’s universities, labs and incubators,” said Amy Francetic, the trust's executive director. “The most notable difference this year is the diversity of the new technologies being developed and a big emphasis on bio-fuels. Many of these businesses are developing prototypes, which makes the challenge’s ability to put them in front of venture capitalists and investors especially critical to their development.” The companies that made it this year are:

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,

www.asiawater.merebo.com

Finalist Company Algaeon

Indianapolis, Ind.

Biofuels

Plymouth, Mich.

Water Treatment

Dioxide Materials

16-20 11th World Filtration Congress, Graz, 18-20 The Carolinas Air Pollution Control

Association Spring Meeting, Asheville, N.C., www.capca-carolinas.org

24-26 Techtextil North America, Atlanta, www. techtextilna.com

MAY 2012 7-11

IFAT 2012, the 17th International Trade Fair for Water, Sewage, Refuse and Recycling, Munich, Germany, www.ifat.de/en/Home

21-23 Global Conference on Oceans, Climate

and Security, Boston, www.gcocs.org

1

Champaign, Ill.

Carbon Remediation

Freiezo

St. Louis, Mo.

Wind Energy

HEVT

Chicago, Ill.

Transportation

Hyrax Energy

Madison, Wisc.

Biomass

Phenometrics

Lansing, Mich.

Biofuels

SheerWind

Chaska, Minn.

Wind Energy

Chicago, Ill.

Energy efficiency

Stoddard, Wisc.

Green Building

Thermal Conservation Technologies WholeTrees

A total of $250,000 in prizes will be awarded. Five $10,000 state prizes will also be awarded to Student Challenge winners. Visit www.cleanenergytrust.org for additional information.

TAG -YOU'RE IT! If you have a mobile phone with a camera that is connected to the Internet, you can follow the steps below, and voila! You are linked to websites where you can find more information about the products you see featured in the magazine. The service is totally free. Try it out, and let us know if this helped you!

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Visit the Calendar of Events at www.pollutionengineering.com for additional information. 8

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

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ENVIRONEWS • •CO2 accounted for the largest share of direct GHG emissions with 95 percent, followed by methane with four percent, and nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases accounting for the remaining one percent. • •100 facilities each reported emissions

over 7 mmtCO2e, including 96 power plants, two iron and steel mills and two refineries. Access to EPA’s GHG Reporting Program Data and Data Publication Tool is available at http://epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgdata.

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Final NESHAPS for Lead Smelters The EPA has finalized its residual risk and technology review regarding the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) from secondary lead smelting rule. The final rule will include a variety of revisions, such as modifications to the emissions limits for lead compounds, the standards for fugitive emissions and all regulatory provisions that are related to emissions throughout various periods of malfunction, shutdown and startup. Also, the rule will include the addition of a work practice standard for mercury emissions, as well as monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting and testing requirements. The agency's final action was effective as of Jan. 5, 2012. For more information, go to www.gpo.gov/ fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-05/html/201132933.htm or use a smartphone with the Microsoft tag.

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

The Environmental Business Journal has awarded the Business Achievement Award for Project Merit to RegScan Inc. They were one of 12 companies chosen and this is the organization’s second such achievement in three years.

“We are very proud of this product, and I am extremely pleased that a respected resource like the Environmental Business Journal has honored us with this award,” said Ned Ertel, president and C.E.O. of

ENVIRONEWS RegScan, Inc. “Thanks to our partnership with IPAA, we’re able to provide one of the most unique and complete regulatory guides on the market.” The IPAA Environmental Compliance System is an online regulatory tracking sys¬tem for oil and gas operators. The product is based on the company’s Socrates Project and Task Management technology, and it chronologically outlines all the regulatory requirements for oil and gas development. Visit www. regscan.com.

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Certified Zero Air Air Liquide America Specialty Gases has introduced the Scott brand 72.2 certified zero air material that meets 40 CFR Part 75 regulations. Part 75.21 states that calibration gases used qualify the accuracy of a CEM system must meet the definitions of 40 CFR Part 72.2. Paragraph (1) of Part 72.2 states: A calibration gas certified by the gas vendor not to contain concentrations of SO2, NOX, or total hydrocarbons above 0.1 parts per million (ppm), a concentration of CO above 1 ppm, or a concentration of CO2 above 400 ppm. A standard EPA protocol gas mixture

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FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

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ENVIRONEWS Engineers are now Scientists The American Academy of Environmental Engineers announced the organization is changing its name to the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists. Additionally, the organization announced a new certification program, which will be offered by the group. The new certification is called Board Certified Environmental Scientist. “The academy has been certifying environmental engineers since 1955. We are truly excited to offer this parallel certification for environmental scientists,” said Brian P. Flynn, president of AAEE. “Most significant environmental projects involve interdisciplinary teams of environmental engineers and environmental scientists. The certification of environmental scientists provides assurance to employers and the public that those professionals have demonstrated a high level of competency in their practice, just like certified environmental engineers.”

“This new certification program effectively aligns the Academy with its members and their employers. Our name change underscores the critical dependencies between Environmental Engineers and Environmental Scientists. We are looking forward to some very exciting programs and projects in the near future,” Flynn added. The Academy anticipates taking applications for Environmental Scientists beginning March 31, 2012, and administering the first set of examinations in 2013. The name change will be officially implemented in the near future. For more information, visit www.aaee.net.

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

ENFORCEME ENT Midwest Miner to Clean Indiana Triad Mining Inc., a subsidiary of the Janes River Coal Co., owns and operates 31 surface mines in Appalachia and Indiana. The company has reached an agreement with the EPA and the DOJ that will require the operation to pay a $810,171 civil penalty and restore 34,906 linear feet of streams and enhance 4,330 linear feet of stream bed to address and mitigate impacts to the beds that were caused by its mining operations. Triad will also create and maintain 66 acres of forested buffer areas and nine acres of forested wetland to protect the restored streams. Since 2002, Triad’s mining operation has resulted in the unpermitted excavation and filling of more than 53,000 feet of streams that flow into the White River. On March 24, 2008, the Army Corps of Engineers issued a cease and desist order that required

ENVIRONEWS the company to stop its unauthorized streamfilling activities. However, the mining practices continued until the Army Corps of Engineers sent a second order on June 24, 2009, and the company complied. Since the second order was issued, the mining operation has continued mining, but has avoided additional impacts to streams.

PEOPLE Government Lawyer Moves to Private Sector Monica Derbes Gibson has joined Venable LLP as Of Counsel in their Washington, D.C. offices. She was worked with the Department of Justice's Environmental Defense Section as a trial attorney since 2007. Prior to her employment at the DOJ, she worked in the Office of General Counsel for the EPA. In addition to her government work, Ms. Gibson has spent several years in private practice, in the environmental group at the New Orleans firm of Liskow & Lewis, advising clients in various industry groups on permitting under the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act and on environmental compliance.

and zinc into Redwood Creek, a tributary flowing into the San Francisco Bay. Such discharges are a direct violation of the federally mandated Clean Water Act. As a result, the organization was ordered to update its toxic pollutant monitoring and sampling capabilities by January 20, 2012. The organization must also create and submit a plan to the EPA regarding the methods employed to eliminate illegal discharges in the future. The EPA must receive the plan by March 20, 2012. “The EPA is committed to protecting the Bay by ensuring compliance with environmental permits,” said Jared Blumenfeld, the EPA's regional administrator for the Pacific Southwest. “Companies such as Sims Metal Management, engaged in recycling our finite resources, must abide by the Clean Water Act.” For more information, please visit http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress. nsf/0/585E7BC1BF86C1CD85257980007 1A3CA or use a smartphone with the Microsoft tag.

Cool Little was known about a biradical named Criegee until recently. However, this little molecule may be the answer to cooling the atmosphere more efficiently that science had thought.

WASTE Huge California Recycler Ordered to Shut Down The EPA recently ordered the world’s largest metals and electronics recycler, based at the Port of Redwood City, Calif., to end its illegal discharge of toxic pollutants into the San Francisco Bay – and without any delay. The organization, known as Sims Metal Management, was inspected last year by the EPA and the agency found that the company had been discharging illegal amounts of copper, lead, mercury, PCBs

Named after a German chemist named Rudolf Criegee, the biradical is created in the Earth’s atmosphere when ozone reacts with alkenes. The compound is short lived but had the ability to produce aerosols that reflect solar radiation back into space much more quickly that previously assumed.

Just recently, researchers were able to reproduce these particles in the lab for a more comprehensive study. The existence of these particles has been known for decades. The alkenes are produced by the Earth’s ecosystems. According to Carl Percival, an atmospheric chemist at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom and co-author of the study, “the ecosystem is negating climate change more efficiently than we thought it was.”

2010 TRI Data Released The EPA has just released its 2010 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) national analysis, which provides information to the general public in regards to toxic chemical disposals, as well as pollutants that have been emitted into the nation’s air, land and water resources. The analysis has found that 3.93 billion pounds of toxic chemicals were released into the environment in 2010 – a 16 percent increase in comparison to 2009 data. However, the analysis also revealed that toxic releases were still lower in 2010 than they had been in 2007, as well as other prior years. In addition, according to past analysis, total air releases have declined by six percent since 2009, while releases into surface water and land have risen by nine and 28 percent, respectively, since 2009. “We will continue to put accessible, meaningful information in the hands of the American people. Widespread public access to environmental information is fundamental to the work EPA does every day,” said Lisa P. Jackson, EPA administrator. “TRI is a cornerstone of EPA’s community-right-to-know programs and has played a significant role in protecting people's health and the environment by providing communities with valuable information on toxic chemical releases.” For more information regarding the 2010 TRI national analysis, please visit http:// yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/ A64903C5C1540CF38525797C0064E3F5 or use a smartphone with the Microsoft tag.

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

13

ENVIRONEWS WATER EPA Starts Water Quality Workshops The EPA has announced that it will host a variety of workshops regarding municipal stormwater plans and the Clean Water Act's objectives for higher water quality in the future. Through the workshops, the EPA will hopefully be able to create a planning approach framework that can assist municipalities as they strive to utilize their infrastructure assets in a more sustainable manner, which will ultimately help the agency improve the quality of the country's water resources. During the workshops, representatives of various organizations will be able to discuss future municipal stormwater and wastewater plans regarding the Clean Water Act. Members of the public may also participate in the workshops as observers,

14

even if they have no plans of making verbal comments. Additionally, the public is invited to share their input by Feb. 29, 2012. Some of the dates and times left are: • Feb. 13, 2012, 10:00 am to 3:00 pm at EPA Region 10 office • Feb. 15, 2012, 10:00 am to 3:00 pm at EPA Region 7 office • Feb. 17, 2012, 10:00 am to 3:00 pm at EPA Region 5 office Find more information at http://cfpub. epa.gov/npdes/integratedplans.cfm.

Greening Brownsville Lisa P. Jackson EPA administrator, recently traveled to Miami to meet with local green business leaders and tour the Brownsville Transit Village, a new environmentally sustainable building project in an underserved community that incorporates water and energy-saving features. The project, set to open in March, is being developed by the Carlisle

Development Group, which creates environmentally sustainable affordable housing. The group is working in partnership with Alterna Corp., an EPA WaterSense partner and distributor of green building products. Estimated water savings of Brownsville Transit Village are over 5 million gallons per year and roughly $50,000 per year in utility savings (i.e., compared to standard plumbing fixtures). EPA’s WaterSense initiative brings together local water utilities, governments, product manufacturers, and retailers to promote water efficiency, and enhance the market through innovation and product design for water efficient products, programs, and practices. The EPA and its WaterSense partners have helped Americans save 125 billion gallons of water and more than $2 billion in water and energy bills. By reducing water consumption, the program has reduced 6 million metric tons of CO2 emissions, protecting the health of Americans.

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

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ENVIRONEWS Environmental Justice Grants The EPA has announced four environmental justice grants totaling $100,000 that will go to non-profit and tribal organizations in the Great Lakes region. Projects in Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio and Wisconsin will get help to conduct research, provide education and develop solutions to health and environmental issues in communities that are overburdened by pollution. Environmental justice is the principle of achieving the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards for all people, regardless of race, color, national origin or income. The projects that were approved are: • Red Lake Band of Ojibwe Indians, Beltrami, Minnesota: Improve wells and septic systems on the Red Lake Reservation by assisting in repairs of failing systems and educating tribal members about proper maintenance. Failing septic systems are a public health threat due to nitrogen, phosphorous and bacteria affecting surface water, ground water and well water. Partners in this project include the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Indian Health Service, Red Lake Housing Authority and the University of Minnesota. • Improving Kids Environment, Indianapolis, Indiana: Analyze lead levels in soil in the Martindale-Brightwood community, identify airborne particulate hot spots in the Near Westside community and use the combined data to educate people and protect children from lead poisoning. Partners include the Martindale-Brightwood Environmental Justice Collaborative, Indiana University Center for Urban Health and Earth Sciences Department, and Westside Cooperative Organization. • Cleveland Tenants Organization, Cleveland, Ohio: Prevent and treat issues with bed bug infestations. CTO will educate landlords, property managers and tenants in subsidized multi-unit family housing developments about how to prevent bed bug infestations and reduce the misuse of pesticides. Partners include Environmental Health Watch, Cleveland Department of Public Health and the

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Cleveland Office. • Social Development Commission, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Reduce the risks to children of lead exposure through education and by helping low-income families assess their homes and abate lead dangers. Partners include the

city of Milwaukee Health Department, Sixteenth Street Community Health Center and Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program. The EPA also announced it is seeking applicants for $1 million in environmental justice small grants expected to be awarded in 2012.

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FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com19.10.11 15 15:03

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

LEGALLOOKOUT By Lynn L. Bergeson

Nanosilver Conditionally Registered as New Active Ingredient What impact will HeiQ AGS-20, a nanosilver-silca composite, have on the future well-being of humans – and the environment? n August 2010, EPA announced that it was considering allowing the Swiss company HeiQ Materials Ag to enter the U.S. market with a new nanosilver pesticide and textile preservative, HeiQ AGS-20. On Dec. 1, 2011, the EPA issued a conditional registration for a pesticide product..

I

The Product TAGS-20 is a nanosilver-silica composite where the nanosilver is sintered onto amorphous SiO2, with typical particle diameters of one micrometer (1,000 nanometers). EPA’s risk assessment relied on the existing reregistration decision for silver and concluded that the human health or ecological risk from exposure to silver ions Link to the derived from AGS-20 treated texDiscussion tiles is not of concern. For purGuide. poses of risk from exposure to AGS-20, the manufacturer submitted results from short-term acute animal toxicity tests completed using high-level doses of AGS-20. No major issues were identified. According to EPA’s Decision Document, AGS-20 caused moderate to no irritation to the skin and eyes of test animals, but was not a skin sensitizer. Based on these results, EPA will require shipping containers filled with AGS-20 to use the DOT "CAUTION" label. EPA used conservative assumptions that overestimate the dose of nanosilver that could potentially be derived from AGS-20, along with maximum values for risk uncertainty factors. It determined that, for the period of conditional registration, there is a low probability of adverse risk to children and the environment. Thus, the agency concluded that use of AGS-20 will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment during the period when newly required data is being developed. The agency notes that it does have a risk concern for occupational exposure when handling AGS-20 powder during mixing and loading operations. As a condition of registration, EPA is requiring HeiQ to conduct many studies during the period of conditional registration. The required tests include route-specific toxicity studies for occupational exposure scenarios, as well as product characterization and stability tests to

determine if nanosilver breaks away from AGS-20. EPA states that, if nanosilver is found to break away, then additional testing will be triggered to determine the effect that nanosilver has on humans and the environment. These studies must be completed within four years, since EPA chose to allow time for protocol reviews prior to initiation of the studies, completion of the studies and its review of the study results. The data requirements are set forth in Appendix A of the Decision Document. The studies listed in Table 1A are considered Tier I because their need is not based on the results of any other studies. Tier II studies may or may not be required based on the results of the Tier I studies. EPA intends to evaluate the data to confirm that the use of AGS-20 will not cause unreasonable adverse effects to human health and the environment. If the manufacturer fails to take appropriate steps to initiate the required studies, or they fail to submit the protocols or data, EPA will issue a notice of intent to cancel the registration under FIFRA Section 6(e).

Discussion EPA’s approval of the HeiQ nanopesticide product is a big deal. EPA’s determination that the use of AGS-20 is in the public interest is very promising. EPA states that it may lead to less environmental loading of silver as compared to currently registered products with the same use patterns. Importantly, EPA notes AGS-20 appears to offer prolonged ability to suppress the growth of odor causing bacteria through the slow release of silver ions, in comparison to the rapid release of silver ions from registered products containing silver salts. EPA’s Decision Document is available at www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPAHQ-OPP-2009-1012-0064 or use the tag with a smartphone. PE

Lynn L. Bergeson is managing director of Bergeson & Campbell, P.C., a Washington, D.C., law firm focusing on conventional and engineered nanoscale chemical, pesticide, and other specialty chemical product approval and regulation, environmental health and safety law, chemical product litigation, and associated business issues, and President of The Acta Group L.L.C. and The Acta Group EU Ltd. with offices in Washington, D.C., and Manchester, U.K.

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

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PEPRODUCTS Product Focus: Sampling Ultra-Filter Pad Developed for usage at construction sites and oil fields, the company’s Ultra-Filter Pad’s liners where designed to easily capture oil, grease and fuel leaks. However, the liners’ most noteworthy design may involve its capability to allow fresh rainwater to pass through– without removing any hydrocarbons.

UltraTech International Inc. Jacksonville, Fla. • (800) 353-1611 www.spillcontainment.com

Belt Filter Press The DeWater Systems belt filter press was designed with wastewater treatment facility operators in mind. The press operates through its two gravity dewatering zones, as well as an Air Glide system, which was also developed by the company. Each press consists of welded stainless steel that will not corrode. Sizes vary from 0.5 m to 3.0 m.

Fabric Filters The company’s replacement fabric filters are uniquely designed for usage in downdraf t tables. Featuring a 16– ounce, scrimsupported felt, the filters can capture all types and sizes of dust particles. The filters are also designed with two types of sizes – custom and standard. And, best of all, the filters never need to be cleaned.

American Fabric Filter Co. Wesley Chapel, Fla. (800) 367-3591 www.americanfabricfilter.com

Process Engineered Water Equipment, LLC Camas, Wash. • (360) 798-9268 www.pewe-llc.com

Product Focus: Software Software Designed to Simplify Compliance In order to help nationwide organizations comply with the EPA’s established Mandatory Repor ting Rule (MRR) for greenhouse gas ( G H G ) emissions, the company has e s t a b lished a new and improved software. The software will allow its users to save time and diminish risks as they prepare data for the EPA’s electronic GHG Reporting Tool.

IHS Englewood, Colo. (800) 854-7179 www.ihs.com

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

Cloud-Hosted Service The ProRAE Guardian CloudServer is the first cloud-hosted service that has ever been designed for real-time gas and radiation detection. The service can be used by a wide range of industries, including Hazmat and industrial monitoring, which need access to real-time critical gas and radiation detection data from countries throughout the world. And, perhaps more importantly, the service does not need IT hardware deployment.

RAE Systems San Jose, Calif. • (408) 952-8200 www.raesystems.com

Technical Library of LC-MS Solutions A brand new library of LC-MS solutions for water analysis has been launched by the company and is now available for the general public. Through the library’s solutions, researchers can effortlessly detect and analyze pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), as well as pesticides. The library features articles, case studies and webinars, among other resources, that can be used by researchers for future analysis.

Thermo Fisher Scientific Waltham, Mass. • (800) 678-5599 www.thermofisher.com

PEPRODUCTS Belt Oil Skimmer Abanaki Corp., Chagrin Falls, Ohio With its l a rg e size and high r e m o v a l capability, the Oil Grabber Model 8 Belt Oil Skimmer can remove all sorts of hydrocarbons from fracking fluid before it is filtered and disposed. The belt oil skimmer can also be used in tanks of all sizes, with depths ranging from one foot to 100 feet. And, of equal importance, the skimmer is capable of removing 40 gallons of oil per hour. (800) 358-7546, www. abanaki.com

Electromagnetic Water Flowmeter ABB, Ambler, Pa. The company has improved its AquaMaster electromagnetic water flowmeter product so that it now provides a greater variety of power source options, including batteries, mains, solar power or wind energy. As a result, the product is especially b e i n g used for w a t e r billing applications in locales throughout the world. (800) 8296001, www.abb.com

Peristaltic Pump Bredel Hose Pumps, Wilmington, Mass. Designed for operability in all

it does not have seals, check valves or rotors. With its precision-machined hose, the SPX can pump abrasive and corrosive chemicals longer than most other pumps. The SPX also provides flow-rates upwards of 350 GPM. (800) 282-8823, www. wmpg.com

Valveless Metering System Fluid Metering Inc., Syosset, N.Y. The Chloritrol valveless metering system was developed so that users could inject liquid sodium and calcium hypochlorite and treat municipal drinking water accurately and not require ma i nte nance f e e s . And, to further improve the injection process, the system is able to self prime against pressures of 125 psi or less. (800) 223-3388, www.fmipump.com

Stormwater Design Calculator CULTEC, Brookfield, Conn. The company’s stormwater design calculator has been redesigned to provide users with a more reli-

able level of performance. As an MS Excel-based spreadsheet, the calculator helps professionals develop stormwater systems faster and more easily than they have in the past. The calculator also provides its users a material list, as well as chamber stipulations. (203) 7754416, www.cultec.com

Mobile Pump/ Tank Cart weather conditions, no matter how extreme, the SPX rarely needs to be maintained, as

Vanton Pump & Equipment Corp., Hillside, N.J. Featuring a non-metallic

than they have before. In addition, the analyzer has a much longer battery life than previous analyzers, so that users can work all day without having to charrecharge. 44 (0) 1865 393200, www.oxford-instruments.com

Microporous Insulation pump, known as the Flex-I-Liner CC-PY12B, the company’s tank cart can move wastewater, acidic or caustic chemicals and ultrapure fluids with no corrosion or contamination. The tank cart’s pump has a rotor that is attached to an eccentric shaft in order to push fluid at a flow of up to two gpm and pressures of 25 psig or less. (908) 688-4216, www.vanton.com

Internet-based Telemetrics System Grundfos Holding A/S, Bjerringbro, Denmark Already launched in 45 countries, the company’s Internet-based telemetrics system, known as Grundfos Remote Management, offers timely information to municipal utilities through out the world, specifically re g a rd i n g wastewater and water supply systems. In doing so, the systems are able operate in a more economical fashion than they previously have. 45 87501400, www.grundfos.com

Morgan Thermal Ceramics, Windsor, Berkshire, England Designed as insulation for high

temperature applications, BTUBLOCK materials are approximately four times more effective than general insulation in order to minimize cold face temperature and energy waste. The insulation can be used in all sorts of applications, including chemical processing and Non-Ferrous metals. 44 (0) 1753 837000, www.morganthermalceramics.com

Chemical Application Pumps Moyno Inc., Springfield, Ohio

Handheld XRF Analyzer Oxford Instruments, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England Through

the development of the company’s latest XRF analy zer, the X-MET7000, which is smaller and lighter than previous analyzers, users can acquire more efficient and faster results

The 500 Series 301 Ppumps have been primarily designed for corrosive chemical dosing and transfer applications. Each pump has a reverse covered seal design between its rotor and shaft, to significantly reduce the pumps’ metal contact with fluids. The pump’s cradle mounting and hose connections can be installed, preserved and replaced with ease. (877) 4UMOYNO, www.moyno.com

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

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PEPRODUCTS ing the safety of others. The diverter may be used indoors or outside. (80 0) 468-4647, www.newpig.com

as high as 6 million cP. Of note, the mixers’ designs are free of any bearings or packing glands within their product zones. (800) 243-ROSS, www.mixers.com

Truck and Heavy Equipment Wash

Flow Meters Parker Hannifin Corp., Mayfield Heights, Ohio

Kafko Intl., Skokie, Ill.

RL-3 Impeller Chemineer, Dayton, Ohio To avoid fibrous material build-up on agitators’ rotating impellers in the future, the company has designed a new series of impellers – the RL-3. Upon being retrofitted to existing agitators with little to no effort, the impeller offers its users dependability and safety, as well as an extensive life of service. (937) 454-3200, www. chemineer.com

In-Pipe Turbine Generator Lucid Energy, Portland, Ore. Developed for agricultural, industrial, and municipal facilities, the LucidPipe Power System in-pipe turbine generator, helps such facilities develop a n d maint a i n i n e x pensive electricity by using their own effluent systems and gravity-fed water pipelines. By using the product, facilities can produce millions of megawatt hours of electricity, without negatively impacting the environment. (574) 238-5415, www. lucidenergy.com

Leak Diverter New Pig Corp., Tipton, Pa. The company’s LowProfile Leak Diverter has been designed with t w o goals in mind – to catch leaks, especially in tight spaces, and to prevent them from damaging professional equipment, harming the environment, or endanger-

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Designed explicitly for the removal of dirt, grease or other materials from trucks and heavy equipment, the Oil Eater wash is not only non-acid and nonhazardous, but also biodegradable and entirely environmentally friendly. The wash can be purchased in 30 or 55-gallon drums or five-gallon pails. (800) 528-0334, www. oileater.com

urable for DCV or RTD measurements, among others, the transmitter’s installation time and maintenance expenditures are lower than typical transmitters. (770) 254-0400, www. us.yokogawa.com

Ever since the company’s P-Series flow meter product line has been extended, each flow meter now offers customers gas flows of 9,910

High Performance Voltage Transducer NK Technologies, San Jose, Calif.

Axial Blower Allegro Ind., Garden Grove, Calif.

slpm of air or less, as well as liquid flows that range as high as 450 gpm. Additionally, the flow meters’ pressures can be as high as 4,000 psig or, on special occasions, even higher. (800) 2727537, www.parker.com

Autorange Digital Multimeter

With its 1842 CFM output, the company’s 12-inch Plastic Axial

Omega Engineering Inc., Stamford, Conn. By including an auto power off and an easy-to-read backlight

Blower has been designed for usage in confined spaces and larger than average utility sites. As the only 12-inch plastic blower that also features a canister, the product is available in either 110 or 120 volt AC, as well as 50 or 60 Hz. (800) 622-3530, www.allegrosafety.com

Wireless Multiinput Temperature Transmitter Yokogawa Corporation of America, Newman, Ga. The YTMX580, a wireless multiinput temperature transmitter that runs solely on batteries, has eight analog input channels, more than any other transmitter in the industry. Throughout its channels, witch are config-

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

Each VTD series voltage transducer is packaged in a 35 mm wide DIN-rail enclosure to improve installation. The transducers are able to sense voltage in all types of DC powered installations, including, but not limited to, battery chargers, industrial motors, and wind generators. The transducers can also be used on circuits ranging from zero to 15 andzero to 600 VDC. (800) 9594014, www.nktechnolgies.com

Double Planetary Mixers Charles Ross & Son Co., Hauppauge, N.Y. The company’s Double Planetary Mixers are specifically designed for heavyduty mixing of viscous formulations

LCD display, the HHM8229 fivein-one autorange digital multimeter offers users a variety of light, sound and temperature features that many other multimeters do not. The multimeter is especially useful for workers that need to troubleshoot electrical circuits and measure temperature within an industrial control. (888) 826-6342, www. omega.com

PEPRODUCTS Mixer Gear Upgrades Neptune Chemical Pump Co., North Wales, Pa. In the past, the company’s mixer gear users have been concerned with the high sound levels that were emitted on many of the products’ gear trains. To solve this problem, the mixers’ gear teeth were upgraded so that they would have a restored running-surface finish, leading to lower sound emission levels. (215) 699-8700, www. neptune1.com

imaging camera. With its focal p l a n e a r r a y detector, the came r a c a n c a p ture a wide range of images, including those of infrared energy that has been absorbed by hydrocarbon gas leaks. 33-1-6037-0100, www. flir.com

Power Controller and Display Package Siemens AG, Munich, Germany

Optical Gas Imaging Camera FLIR Advanced Thermal Solutions, Croissy-Beaubourg, France To further decrease the oil and gas industry’s hydrocarbon emissions, the company created its FLIR GF320 optical gas-

The company has released two products, a power controller and a display package, that can be utilized by users of its lonpure continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) water purification modules. The controller is a solid-state rectifier, which users will find useful for applications that include microelectronics and power generation. 49 (69) 797 6660, www. siemens.com

while also averting the back up of sewer system odors. The valves are available in a wide range of sizes, from four inches to 72 inches. (412) 279-0044, www.tideflex.com

Inline Check Valve Tideflex Technologies, Carnegie, Pa. To mitigate odor emitted by sewer s y s tems during storm water applications, the company’s Inline Check Valve has a rubber, unibody design, which can be used to allow water discharge

Pump Program EVAC Industrial Supplies, Schijndel, the Netherlands The company’s extensive pump program includes various liquid pumps, which have flows of 23,000 m“/h or less, as well as roots blowers, with flows that range as high as 7,320 m“/h, and liquid ring vacuum pumps, with flows up to 31,000 m“/h. The pumps have especially been designed for petrochemical plants. 31 73 5431915, www.evac-is.com

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FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

21

2011 Capital Expenditure Study With uncertain economic conditions, we wanted to learn what our audience thought about environmental spending.

By CHRIS LEWIS n recent years, the ebbs and flows of the global economy have undoubtedly impacted the business operations of thousands of worldwide pollution control and w environmental organizations. As a result, a majority of organizations have had no choice but to lay off hundreds, if not thousands, of loyal employees just to stay afloat. Many organizations have also significantly reduced their budgets and cut back expenses in order to operate on a large-scale basis in the future. But has the pollution control industry’s capital expenditures been reduced lately, especially regarding the purchase of equipment and services? Will such spending change at all in the near future? Also, what are some of the most likely capital expenditure trends – and what motivates organizations to purchase some goods and services rather than others? To answer such questions, Pollution Engineering recently conducted a comprehensive survey, entitled Pollution Engineering’s 2011 Capital Expenditure Study, to identify environmental capital expenditure trends within the pollution control industry. Overall, 9,489 Pollution Engineering subscribers were contacted from Oct. 26 through Nov. 9, 2011. Of the survey respondents, 43 percent were working as consultants, 36 percent were employed in manufacturing and 21 percent either worked in utilities or for governmental organizations. Here are some of the more salient points that were discerned by our staff.

I

Breakdown of 2011 Budget Approximately, what percentage of your company’s 2011 budget was designated for the purchase of equipment, products, technology and/or services? On average, approximately, what percentage of your clients’ 2011 budget was designated for the purchase of equipment, products, technology and/or services? 31% 1% to 20%

29% 62% 31%

21% to 40%

25%

Consulting Mean: 40%

8% Manufacturing Mean: 41%

12% 41% to 60%

29%

Utilities/Government Mean: 33%

8% 27% 61% to 80%

Consulting: n = 26 *

8%

Manufacturing: n = 24*

15%

Utilities/Government: n = 13*

0% 81% to 100%

Total Respondents = n

8% 8% 0%

20%

40%

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

80%

100%

Figure 1

Breakdown of 2012 Budget Approximately, what percentage of your company’s 2012 budget is designated for the purchase of equipment, products, technology and/or services? On average, approximately, what percentage of your clients’ 2012 budget is designated for the purchase of equipment, products, technology and/or services? 31% 1% to 20%

32% 62% 38%

21% to 40%

16%

Consulting Mean: 37%

0% Manufacturing Mean: 43%

4% 41% to 60%

28%

Utilities/Government Mean: 34%

15% 27% 61% to 80%

Consulting: n = 26 *

16%

Manufacturing: n = 25*

15%

Utilities/Government: n = 13*

0% 81% to 100%

Total Respondents = n

8% 8% 0%

20%

40%

*Interpret with caution due to low sample size

22

60%

*Interpret with caution due to low sample size, Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding

60%

80%

100%

Figure 2

2011 Capital Expenditure Study

Change in 2012 Capital Expenditure Budget Compared to 2011 Compared to 2011, your company’s estimated 2012 capital expenditure budget will:

Chief motivations behind 2012 capital expenditures

On average, compared to 2011, your clients’ estimated 2012 capital expenditure budget will: 8% Significantly increase (5)

8% 6% 38%

Increase (4)

Consulting Mean: 3.42

41% Manufacturing Mean: 3.37

25% 42% Remain the same (3)

Utilities/Government Mean: 3.11

32% 47% Consulting: n = 74

12% Decrease (2)

Manufacturing: n = 63

17%

Utilities/Government: n = 36

19%

Total Respondents = n

0% Significantly decrease (1)

2% 3% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Figure 3

Increasing Capital Expenditure Budgets for 2012 By what percentage do you expect your company’s 2012 capital expenditure budget to increase? On average, by what percentage do you expect your clients’ 2012 capital expenditure budget to increase? 22% Less than 10%

21% 0% 22%

10% to 14%

Consulting Mean: 19%

17% 60%

Manufacturing Mean: 21%

13% 15% to 19%

10%

Utilities/Government Mean: 14 %

10% 25% 20% to 24%

Consulting: n = 32

28%

Manufacturing: n = 29*

20%

Utilities/Government: n = 10*

19% 25% or more

Total Respondents = n 24%

10% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

*Interpret with caution due to low sample size, Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding

100%

Figure 4

Decreasing Capital Expenditure Budgets for 2012 By what percentage do you expect your company’s 2012 capital expenditure budget to decrease? On average, by what percentage do you expect your clients’ 2012 capital expenditure budget to decrease? 22% Less than 10%

25% 13% 22%

10% to 14%

Consulting Mean: 16%

17% 25%

Manufacturing Mean: 22%

22% 15% to 19%

Utilities/Government Mean: 17%

0% 25% 11%

20% to 24%

Consulting: n = 9* 17%

Manufacturing: n = 12*

0%

Utilities/Government: n = 8* 22%

Total Respondents = n

25% or more

42% 38% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

*Interpret with caution due to low sample size, Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding

100%

As pollution control organizations prepare for the future and continue to work towards the path of economic recovery, survey respondents shared their thoughts regarding their organizations’ pending strategies for 2012. All respondents revealed that their companies are primarily focused on achieving the following six objectives this year: • Improving business efficiency • Maintaining existing business operations • Increasing capacity • Improving organizational sustainability • Building new facilities • Reducing labor expenses However, depending on each survey respondent’s particular industry, some organizations are more focused on achieving particular goals over others. According to survey results, consultants’ organizations are especially determined to utilize their capital expenditures while improving efficiency (55 percent), maintaining their business operations (43 percent), increasing their capacity (39 percent), developing new facilities (35 percent) and improving sustainability (32 percent). Yet, for manufacturers, some of these objectives are not quite as important to them as they are to consultants. Sixty-three percent of all manufacturers consider the improvement of efficiency as a prime reason for their organizations’ capital expenditures in 2012. At the same time, manufacturers’ organizations will also likely spend their expenditures on the maintenance of business operations (60 percent), the improvement of capacity (43 percent) and sustainability (38 percent) and the reduction of labor expenses (21 percent). Finally, like manufacturers, employees that either work in utilities or for governmental organizations believe their organizations will be primarily focused on maintaining their operations (61 percent) and improving efficiency (47 percent). Thirty-nine percent of respondents stated their organizations will increase capacity, while 36 percent believe their employers

Figure 5

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

23

2011 Capital Expenditure Study

Consulting: Important Factors for Making Sourcing Decisions How important are each of the following factors when making sourcing decisions for capital expenditure projects? Mean Overall product quality

11%

Purchase price

12%

Total cost of ownership Contribution to operational efficiency

15%

-1% -5%

Customer support/service Ease of maintenance Availability of spare parts

-5%

Prior experience with supplier

-5%

Supplier reputation

Service plans

-40% Not at all important (1)

43%

35%

4.05

0%

Not very important (2)

23%

3.88

20%

3.81

19%

3.78

7%

30% 40%

60%

Somewhat important (3)

3.69

23%

28%

35%

-20%

4.00

19%

43%

-24%

27%

49% 51%

19%

4.00

28%

47%

27%

-5% -4%

4.19

24%

-11%

Delivery time

43%

49%

22%

-3%

36%

49%

18%

-5%

4.27

39%

49%

18%

-1% -1%

4.42

53%

36%

3.11 80%

100%

Important (4)

Very important (5)

Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding

Figure 6

Utilities/Government: Important Factors for Making Sourcing Decisions How important are each of the following factors when making sourcing decisions for capital expenditure projects? Mean Overall product quality Purchase price Ease of maintenance Contribution to operational efficiency -3%

Availability of spare parts

-3%

Customer support/service

-3%

25%

-3%

-40%

-20%

Not very important (2)

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

0%

20%

25% 40%

Somewhat important (3)

4.00 4.00

28%

3.94 14%

60%

3.75 3.75

17%

3.61

14%

44%

42%

-25%

22%

3.97

47%

33%

-3% -6%

4.03

28%

47%

31%

-6%

Prior experience with supplier

24

42%

39%

Supplier reputation

Figure 7

44%

28%

22%

22%

58%

17%

Delivery time

Not at all important (1)

56%

22%

Total cost of ownership

Service plans

58%

19%

4.14

36%

42%

22%

4.56

58%

39%

3%

3.06

6% 80%

Important (4)

100% Very important (5)

Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding

2011 Capital Expenditure Study

will focus on their sustainability initiatives. Twenty-five percent of utility or governmental employees also think their organizations will build a new facility in 2012.

2011 equipment, services and technology purchases

than later. See Figure 4. Pollution Engineering also questioned survey respondents who had stated that their budgets would decrease in 2012, in comparison to 2011. Demonstrating a split in optimism, there were a number of respondents who believed that their

budgets would likely be reduced. See Figure 5. Looking ahead even further, the government sector remained the most pessimistic, while consultants and manufacturers were much more upbeat. In all cases, over half of the respondents replied that they

Meanwhile, survey respondents also revealed what percentage of their organizations’ budgets were used towards the acquisition of equipment, services and/ or technology in 2011. Again, each of these figures tended to vary according to the types of positions respondents held, as well as their particular employers’ industries of focus. See Figure 1. The data indicated that government entities tended to spend less of their total budgets on these services. On the other hand, consulting and manufacturing sectors spent significantly more as a percentage. 2012 equipment, services and technology purchases In the meantime, it appears consulting organizations expect their expenditures will slightly decline in 2012 compared to 2011. Still, manufacturing and utilities organizations, as well as government institutions, will roughly spend the same amount in 2012 as they did last year. See Figure 2. Nevertheless, the data also appears to show that some manufacturing operations are expecting to increase their equipment budgets throughout 2012, especially as the economy strengthens

2012 vs. 2011 capital expenditure budget It appears that a majority of respondents have a bright outlook for 2012. In all sectors, more than half of the responses stated that their organizations fully expected budget increases throughout the duration of the new year. See Figure 3. All respondents who stated their organizations’ budgets would increase from 2011 to 2012 were asked to provide further information regarding their expenditures. While government operations remained the least optimistic, some sectors still anticipate an increase in their organizations’ budgets, sooner rather

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FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

25

2011 Capital Expenditure Study

Manufacturing: Important Factors for Making Sourcing Decisions How important are each of the following factors when making sourcing decisions for capital expenditure projects? Mean Overall product quality

-3% 5%

Contribution to operational efficiency

-2% -2%

Customer support/service

46% 41%

11%

51%

-2% -5% 3%

Purchase price Total cost of ownership Ease of maintenance Availability of spare parts

-2% -3%

25%

Supplier reputation

-5%

25%

Delivery time Prior experience with supplier Service plans

-3%

-40% Not at all important (1)

-20%

Not very important (2)

-11% 0%

20%

Which purchasing factors are the most significant? Consulting – To further determine exactly why pollution control organizations were either increasing or decreasing their capital expenditures, the survey also asked all respondents what purchasing factors mattered the most to them and to their employers. Consulting engineers, who comprise 62 percent of Pollution Engineering’s subscribers (more than any other environmental magazine), tended to believe that quality was the single most important factor in making purchasing decisions. In addition, price, total cost of ownership and the ability to contribute to operational efficiency were also viewed as significant purchasing factors. See Figure 6. Manufacturing – All manufacturing respondents also offered information regarding the factors that are generally imperative to their purchasing decisions. Again, we see that overall product quality 26

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

4.16 4.03

Somewhat important (3)

3.97 3.87

22%

51%

40%

4.02

33%

37%

44%

22%

3.76

14%

3.70

32%

10%

60%

80%

Important (4)

3.33 100% Very important (5)

Note: Total may not equal 100% due to rounding

Figure 8

fully expected their organizations’ financial stability to be much more robust in 2013 than in recent years.

4.22

48%

29%

-3% -3%

40%

22%

37%

38%

-2% -2%

4.25

60%

16%

-2%

44%

35%

43%

14%

-2% -6%

4.35

37%

43%

21%

46%

was the largest purchasing factor. Notice that, at this point, there was a divergence from the consulting group. Consultants believe that contribution to efficiency, customer support, price and total cost of ownership are also imperative purchasing factors. See Figure 8. Utilities/Government – Lastly, respondents from the utilities group shared the opinions of the other groups in regards to the idea that product quality was the most important purchasing factor. This factor was then followed by price, ease of maintenance, contribution to operational efficiency and total cost of ownership, in order of apparent significance. See Figure 7.

2012 purchasing plans Finally, the Pollution Engineering’s 2011 Capital Expenditure Study sought to discover the types of equipment, services or technology the subscribers will likely purchase in 2012, as a result of their capital expenditure budgets. Overall, we listed 15 categories; according to survey results, it appears subscribers will most likely purchase consulting services, pumps, pipes and valves systems, air pol-

lution control, water pollution control, software and hazardous waste control systems throughout 2012.

Conclusion According to the study, many survey respondents’ organizational budgets are expected to increase in 2012, in comparison to 2011. Forty-nine percent of manufacturers and 46 percent of consultants believe their organizations’ budgets will expand throughout 2012. Although such figures were much lower regarding survey respondents that work in utilities or for government-controlled organizations, a majority of respondents still believe their companies will spend between one and 60 percent of their budgets on the purchase of equipment, services, and technology this year. As organizational budgets continue to increase in 2012, there is little doubt the environmental spending of Pollution Engineering subscribers will also rise. And, participants believe that trend will continue into the next year. Expect those plans to be built during the coming year. PE

Continuous

STACK Monitoring with

GC-FID

By PETER FROEHLICH, President, Peak Media, and Judy Silva, Manager Technical Publications, Parker Hannifin Corp. Figure 1: Above is a photograph of the Parker Balston Model 75-82-S explosion proof zero gas generator

What exactly are the benefits to operating an explosion proof onsite zero air generator, rather than gas cylinders? as emitted from an industrial facility smokestack, such as a power plant, refinery or chemical plant, contain a variety of gases, including H2O, CO2 and CO, various nitrogen oxides and a mixture of organic compounds at trace levels. As an example, a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complex heterocyclic compounds may be emitted by a power plant that burns coal or fuel oil due to the incomplete combustion of the fuel. Because many of these compounds are carcinogenic, mutagenic or teragenic, their emission is closely regulated by governmental agencies and plant operators are required to continuously monitor the stack gas emissions. Monitoring stack gases for trace levels of organic compounds is typically performed by process gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) in order to determine the level of hazardous gases that

G

are emitted into the environment. An FID combusts the compounds that elute form the GC to form ions, which are then detected by an electrometer. The FID requires air that is free of organic compounds (zero air) to optimize the sensitivity of the analysis. While atmospheric air contains a sufficient concentration of oxygen to support combustion of the compounds in the FID, trace levels of organic compounds in the atmosphere will lead to a high background signal, which will reduce the sensitivity of the detector. To optimize the sensitivity and meet monitoring requirements, an FID typically uses zero air to set the minimum reading. Zero air contains less than 0.1 ppm of hydrocarbons. While zero air is commercially available in gas cylinders, an explosion proof onsite

zero air generator provides a safer, more convenient and cost effective approach to supply the requisite gas. In this article, we will describe the operation of an explosion proof onsite zero air generator and outline the benefits of this approach instead of the use of gas cylinders.

Generating zero air onsite Generating zero air for a GC-FID involves removing particulate matter and combustible compounds, such as hydrocarbons and other organic compounds from atmospheric air. A GC-FID system to monitor stack gases requires a high flow rate. The gas must be available on a 24 hour, seven day a week basis to continuously monitor the com-

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

27

Continuous

STACK Monitoring with

GC-FID

Figure 2: Above is a cutaway view of a typical explosion-proof zero air generator.

position of the stack gas, in contrast to an analytical GC-FID system that is normally used on a periodic basis. An on-site zero air generator (Figure 1) removes the organic compounds from clean, dry compressed air (inlet pressure 40 to 125 psig with a pressure drop of 8 psig) with a maximum flow rate of 1,000 cc/min, which is more than sufficient for an FID. A cutaway view of a typical explosion proof zero air generator is presented in Figure 2.The compressed atmospheric air is first passed through a particulate filter in the generator to remove particles that are greater than 0.5 microns and then passed through a heated chamber that contains a specially designed catalyst to convert organic compounds in the air into CO2 and H2O. These compounds will not lead to a signal from the FID. While the catalyst module is capable of converting a broad range of organic compounds into CO2 and H2O, it should be noted that high concentrations of organolead, organosulfur or organophosphorous compounds, heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and long-chain polymers in the atmosphere may tend to reduce its efficiency over time.

The benefits of on-site zero air generation Commercially obtained compressed air tanks are used to supply zero air to the FID in many facilities. While tanks can provide 28

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

gas, they can introduce other safety and cost related issues and require continual monitoring to ensure that sufficient gas is available. In contrast, using an on-site zero air generator can provide a safer, more convenient and cost-effective approach to supply the gas to the detector. In addition, the use of an on-site generator reduces the environmental impact of supplying the gas. a) Safety – The use of an-site generator completely eliminates the need to handle pressurized zero air gas cylinders. In many facilities, gas cylinders are stored in a remote area and are transported to the location of the process GC when needed, which can be quite an inconvenience in inclement weather. If the individual moving the tank loses control of it, significant damage could occur to property and or individuals. In the same vein, if the valve becomes defective, the tank may become a guided missile, as the internal pressure of a full tank is more than 2,000 psi. To minimize these concerns, many facilities use specially trained technicians to replace gas tanks. b) Increased convenience – An onsite zero air generator is designed to supply zero gas on a 24 hour, seven day a week basis without any user interaction, thereby allowing the operator to maintain the usage of detector at all times. In contrast, if tanks are used, the operator must ensure that sufficient gas remains at all times and many facilities supply gas to the detec-

tor only when an analysis is performed to minimize the gas consumption. If a tank is used and the need for replacement occurs during a series of analyses, the operator may have to interrupt the analytical work to restart the system and wait for a stable baseline. In addition, if a process is continually monitored, the analyst must ensure that sufficient volume of gas is available before the sequence begins. Since many organizations store gas tanks outdoors, the acquirement of a new tank may be inconvenient in inclement weather. Although the onsite generator typically requires little maintenance, the final filter cartridge and the catalyst should be replaced at least every two years. c) Lower operating cost – In addition to significant safety and convenience benefits, another advantage of an onsite generator is the economic benefit compared to the use of gas tanks. The running cost of the zero air generator is low, as it merely requires a source of compressed air and has an electrical requirement of 0.5 A. If the generator is used on a 24-hour basis, the energy required would be less than 2 KW/day; if the cost of electricity is $0.10/kwh, the daily cost is $0.20. Maintenance cost is low, as the only components to be replaced are the final filter cartridge and the catalyst, which is typically replaced every two years. d) Environmental benefits – The energy requirements for a zero gas generator is quite low. In contrast, when tanks are employed, the zero gas must be purified and compressed to 2,000 psi. Once the tanks are prepared, they must be transported to the end user’s site while the empty tanks are returned to the supplier. While the amount of energy that is required for transportation of the tanks depends on the distance between the end user and the supplier, it is clear that a significant amount of energy is expended in the movement of tanks, thereby generating greenhouse gases and contributing to the overall environmental concerns.

Continuous

STACK Monitoring with

“

An in-house zero air generator provides the ability to monitor the stack gas on a continuous basis without the need for frequent operator attention.

Conclusions Trace levels of complex organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are emitted by a power plant that burns coal or fuel oil due to the incomplete combustion of the fuel. Since many PAHs are carcinogenic, mutagenic or teragenic, their emissions are closely regulated by governmental agencies. Therefore, it is necessary for the plant operator to continually monitor stack emissions. The detection of trace levels of PAHs in stack gas is commonly performed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector. This detector involves the combustion of carbon-containing compounds

”

that are eluted from the chromatographic column, which leads to ions that are then detected by an electrometer. While atmospheric air contains a sufficient concentration of oxygen to support combustion of the compounds in the FID, trace levels of organic compounds in the atmosphere can lead to a high background signal, which will reduce the sensitivity of the detector. To optimize the sensitivity of the analysis and to meet monitoring requirements, an FID typically uses zero air, which contains less than 0.1 ppm of hydrocarbons. The GC-FID used to perform stack gas analyses is likely to be installed in a harsh environment in a remote location and

GC-FID

must be designed to meet stringent safety considerations. The zero air generator should be housed in an explosion proof enclosure to operate in Class 1, Groups B, C and D environments. An in-house zero air generator provides the ability to monitor the stack gas on a continuous basis without the need for frequent operator attention. The in house generator provides a number of significant benefits relative to the use of compressed gas tanks including an increase in safety, greater convenience and a lower cost. The generator also eliminates the need to transport tanks, lowering the environmental impact of the overall process. The zero air generator can be used to provide fuel for any process instrument that measures hydrocarbons. PE Peter Froehlich is the president of Peak Media, Franklin, Mass. He can be reached at [email protected]. Judy Silva is the manager technical publications for Parker Hannifin Corp., Filtration and Separations Division and can be reached for more information at [email protected].

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FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

29

Teaming

with a

QUALITY VENDOR Proper preparation

and planning will make every project much more satisfying. By KEVIN NESBITT, National Sales Manager, Nestec Inc.

u urchasing capital equipment iis routine for many firms but not at all of them. All comn panies need to maximize the p benefits from such expendib tures. There are several general ways to enhance the purchasing process, ensuring the most effective system at the best commercial terms.

P

“

developed. If the customer has a general feel for the process but lacks specifics, a quality vendor can assist them in refining the data. Another aspect to consider is future process changes and expansion. The single purchase of a scalable system often provides significant saving over purchasing two smaller systems. The system’s overall flexibility should be taken into

An obvious critical element to equipment purchase is establishing a proper decisionmaking system. In order to do this, an accurate model of the process should be 30

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

selection. Opportunities to minimize energy use should be identified and assessed to their effectiveness and long-term economic benefit.

Identifying suppliers

Typically, this does not enhance the technical aspects of the system, but rather serves to artificially increase the costs.

Assessing your process and needs

Clear communication between plant personnel and vendors will assist in enjoying a safe work environment.

”

account, especially for projects in which there may be substantial future process changes. How well will the equipment operate under the new conditions? Due to rising energy costs, operating efficiency is a critical element in equipment design and

After the process has been defined and a preliminary equipment choice has been determined, the next step is the identification of potential vendors. All the common criteria should be considered, including equipment, product line and selection, reputation for innovation and service, market presence, financial stability, competitive pricing, and flexibility. The product line should be complete, allowing for different options should the process conditions warrant. The company should have a reputation for thinking outside the

TEAMING with a

QUALITY VENDOR

box and the ability to respond quickly and effectively to customers’ needs. A reasonable amount of market share, measured by number of installations and the quality of the existing customers, is a good arbiter of the company’s performance in its market. In today’s tough economic climate, any vendor should be assessed for various financial conditions. Bigger is not always better. A variety of tools can be used, such as Dun and Bradstreet Reports, references for vendors to the supplier, and the supplier’s ability to obtain a performance bond, among others. A well run supplier typically maintains a competitive pricing position. Finally, in today’s fast-paced marketplace, you should not necessarily accept a company that offers a one size fits all or standard system if it does not fit a particular process. A flexible supplier will work with the customer to maximize production and quality while also minimizing operating and maintenance costs.

The project management team A typical capital project can have a timeline of anywhere from six months to two or three years between inception and commissioning. The project teams and their leaders should be identified for both the supplier and the customer. The supplier’s team typically will include the project manager, design engineer(s) and a sales manager. The customer's teams should include the key decision maker, relevant technical and regulatory personnel and purchasing. Because of the length of time to complete a capital project, it is important to have multiple individuals on both teams cross qualified during the process in order to step in when needed, especially if a key project team member is not available. A common gap in the acquisition of capital equipment systems can occur between the technical team and purchasing; this often happens late in the process, which negatively impacts the project schedule. Because of this, purchasing should be involved early and in accordance with the customer’s purchasing policies. An effective team will assure that the best technical option is purchased in an effective manner.

With proper preparation, good communication and teamwork, the final result will please everyone involved.

Initiating the purchasing process The selection of suppliers is typically determined through a preliminary budget proposal process. Any confidentiality or nondisclosure agreements should be completed at the earliest possible date. Responding to a basic process description, a quality vendor will use their experience to develop a proposal, including operating costs. Depending on the information available, this step can occur either before or after a supplier's first visit to the facility. If the reliance on the vendor for technical information is critical, then a site visit prior to completing a proposal is a prudent measure. Proposals should be as technically complete as pos-

sible and have a reasonable accuracy in pricing, which allows the customer to assess the supplier’s capabilities in greater detail. In fairness to the vendors and to acquire effective information, the process description/RFQ should be consistent and clearly identified as preliminary.

Ensuring an effective site visit In today’s manufacturing environment, no one has excess time available. A few basic steps will enhance the supplier’s on-site activities. A clear meeting agenda with specific timelines and discussion topics can be independently developed by either party or, better yet, on a collaborative basis. Prior to

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

31

TEAMING with a

QUALITY VENDOR

For a project to achieve expected outcomes, it is important to hold informative preplanning meetings. Sometimes modular designs can shorten project completion times.

arrival, any site-specific training and equipment requirements (safety, etc.) should be identified and accounted for in the agenda. Photos are an important tool in developing the project as well. To recognize security requirements and the need to protect proprietary information, a photo policy should be confirmed prior to any visit. Depending on the process and system being specified, as well as its primary focus, the meeting should be scheduled at an optimum process time, whether shutdown or operating under normal operating conditions. A reasonable amount of time to assess the process should be allowed, followed by a closeout meeting. In addition, the development and review of an action list is quite critical; scheduling multiple suppliers at the same time should be avoided. Suppliers can be wary of asking pertinent questions in front of competitors, thus stifling proper information development. Often the equipment system is only part of the challenge as the installation and integration of the equipment, especially in a currently operating facility, can present challenges as well. Any copies of 32

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

non-confidential facility or utility layouts, drawings or photos that are relevant to the installation should be provided to the supplier as early as feasible. Available space, existing utilities and ongoing operations should be carefully assessed. Utility capabilities and locations should be reviewed to ensure the supplies are adequate including gas pressure, available voltage, water pressure (and quality) and plant compressed air. Any requirement for dedicated systems (such as stand-alone compressors) and protective systems (isolation transformers, etc) should be reviewed. Process by-products are an important element and should be assessed during the site visit as well. Any emissions or byproducts create another potential handling issue. The facility’s available wastewater capacity is often a critical issue for equipment that require large amounts of water.

Managing the supplier When the time for final vendor selection or equipment purchase nears, the two teams should meet on a professional, yet personal, basis. A meal or team building exercise helps

develop the personal working relationships critical to a long-term project. An effective flow of information will help the supplier and the project succeed. Also, during large capital projects, there is often a continuous cycle of process development that can mandate changes in the scope of supply; this is another reason why solid communications between the teams is vital. Key points of contact should be established and questions and queries promptly answered by both parties. Capital equipment suppliers effectively manage multiple projects. Oftentimes this provides an opportunity for cost reduction through the supplier’s vendors and through fabrication economies of scale. A key business component in the capital purchasing process is the Terms and Conditions (T&Cs) section of the contract. T&Cs are in place to protect both parties. A customer attempting to place onerous T&Cs, especially later in the process, runs the risk of placing the supplier on the defensive. Typically, this does not enhance the technical aspects of the system, but rather serves to artificially increase the costs. Any effective business

TEAMING with a

QUALITY VENDOR

transaction between the teams should be fair to both parties. All questions or concerns with T&Cs should be identified, discussed and resolved as early as possible.

fabric structures

From final proposal to the purchase of equipment The next to last milestone in the process is the development of a comprehensive equipment specification/Request for Proposal (RFP). The RFP should contain an accurate description of the process conditions, expected performance and the anticipated project schedule. Utility costs are essential. Any associated guarantees should clearly be outlined. For large, complex projects, sufficient time should be allowed so that the supplier can develop an accurate and comprehensive proposal. Upon receipt and evaluation, a proposal review meeting should be scheduled with both project teams. The proposal should be completely reviewed to ensure that the project scope has been met and no items or issues are left unaddressed. Items provided/not provided by supplier or customer should be reviewed. After complete review and technical acceptance of the proposal, the next step is the purchase of the system.

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33

The path from purchase to delivery Once a large capital system is purchased, the clock automatically starts. Drawings are completed for approval and a submittal package is assembled. Long lead or difficult to obtain parts should be

purchased early. For certain projects and systems, a post-purchase site meeting is required, sometimes in conjunction with the submittal meeting. After the drawings have been released, fabrication and assembly begins. A quality vendor will have an open shop policy, allowing the

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To be clear, you need a Solinst CMT or Waterloo Multilevel System for high resolution monitoring.

customer to inspect the system at any time during fabrication. As the delivery date nears, communication must remain effective. Staging areas for equipment should be prepared, any utilities or infrastructure requirements should be arranged and any existing equipment removed or prepared for removal. As an example, concrete work takes approximately one month to cure effectively. These efforts will help maintain the timeline for installation. Should a fast delivery install be required, the customer must have realistic expectations. Often a penalty for late delivery is written into the contract, although it is not unheard of for suppliers to take the penalty at a higher initial purchase price, still be late and pay the penalty from the additional funds. The acceleration of any schedule can increase costs. It is important that adequate time be budgeted. Finally, safety should be paramount at all times for the supplier and the customer.

Project startup Startup efforts are initiated as equipment installation nears completion. The vendor will run the system to refine its operation and performance and ensure that it meets the project specifications. It is critical to have a customer representative working alongside the supplier when requested. Most capital projects have a specific startup and training schedule that should be coordinated with the appropriate customer personnel to maximize the benefit.

Conclusion

Waterloo Emitter

Participating in a capital project from start to finish can be a challenging, yet rewarding process. The key elements of communication and flexibility, in addition to adequate documentation, will ensure the maximum benefit for the customer. PE

Enhanced Bioremediation Diffusive oxygen release for aerobic bioremediation of BTEX, MTBE and other contaminants t
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Continuous, uniform release t
No chemicals introduced into subsurface

Kevin Nesbitt is the national sales manager

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for Nestec Inc. He holds a B.S. from Texas A&M Univ. College Station and an M.S. in

High Quality Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Instrumentation Solinst Canada Ltd., 35 Todd Road, Georgetown, ON L7G 4R8 [email protected] Tel: +1 (905) 873-2255; (800) 661-2023 Fax: +1 (905) 873-1992; (800) 516-9081

34

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

Environmental Science from the New Jersey Inst. of Technology (NJIT). He can be reached at (919) 303-0036 or [email protected]. Visit www.nestecinc.com.

SOFTWAREGUIDE 2012 Environmental Software Review By ROY BIGHAM he world economy is showing signs of gaining momentum. Some may disagree with that outlook but I think many will agree. Corporate and independent budgets are being scrutinized to ensure that the projects for the next year are going to have a good return on investment value. In many, if not most, cases, that also means increasing productivity while maintaining or lowering costs. A good way to accomplish that goal is to install and utilize appropriate software to lessen the burden of the staff. Programs today can interface with a variety of sensors to gather and disseminate data in a report form that is useful to management. The systems are capable of making routine decisions and process

T

Finding the software to meet demand can be a daunting task. The following information will streamline the task.

changes as needed. If the parameters do go outside defined limits, the program can be set to notify the proper employee or to shut down the systems until help is available. So, Pollution Engineering has again gathered together a list of software that can accomplish the above and much more. One thing that stood out to us was that software companies that responded to our questionnaire dropped property transfer audit coverage. We think that was due to the All Appropriate Inquiry rule that came into effect. On the other hand, more companies are developing software that can be used with a Smartphone or tablet system. The contact information for the software suppliers that responded to our questions can be found below. A chart that can be used to quickly compare software capabilities is found on the following pages.

Software Provider Listings A V Systems Ann Arbor, Mich. Julie Lasko (734) 973-3000 [email protected] www.MIRSinfo.com

ERA Environmental Consulting Inc.

Kisters North America Inc.

Athens, Ala. Brian Haney (256) 232-4437 [email protected] www.era-ehs.com

Citrus Heights, Calif. Phil Stefanoff (905) 531-9287 [email protected] www.kisters.net

Auburn Systems LLC Danvers, Mass. Debra Kirchheimer (978) 777-2460 www.auburnsys.com

Capaccio Environmental Engineering Inc. Marlborough, Mass. Lucille Servidoio (508) 970-0033 ext. 114 [email protected] www.capaccio.com

Chemical Safety Software Inc.

GAEA Technologies Ltd. Waterloo, Ontario Michael Fraser (519) 571-8121 [email protected] www.gaeatech.com

Geotech Computer Systems Inc. Centennial, Colo. Mike Rich (303) 740-1999 [email protected] www.geotech.com

Emeryville, Calif. Robert Dunn (510) 594-1000 ext. 27 [email protected] www.chemicalsafety.com

Golden Software Inc.

XDataforensics LLC Norcross, Ga. Kevin Leung (678) 406-0106 [email protected] www.dataforensics.net

Goldsim Technology Group

DHI Water & Environment St. Petersburg, Fla. Barbara White (519) 650-4545 [email protected] Wwwdhigroup.com XEcotech Pty. Ltd. Knoxfield, Victoria, Australia Felicity Sharp +61 3 9730 7800 [email protected] www.airodis.com

Golden, Colo. (303) 279-1021 [email protected] www.goldensoftware.com

Issaquah, Wash. (425) 295-6985 www.goldsim.com

Groundswell Technologies Inc. Santa Barbara, Calif. Brian Kahl (619) 889-1602 [email protected] www.groundswelltech.com

IHS Englewood, Colo. Trish Jones (503) 303-6544 [email protected] www.ihs.com/ehs-sustainability

Rockware Inc. Golden, Colo. Alison (303) 278-3534 [email protected] www.rockware.com

Scantek Inc. XLakes

Environmental Software Waterloo, Ontario Julie Swatson (519) 746-5995 [email protected] www.weblakes.com XLogical

Data Solutions Inc. Palm Beach Gardens, Fla. Bill King (561) 694-9229 ext. 102 [email protected] www.logicalds.com

McCoy and Associates Lakewood, Colo. (303) 526-2674 [email protected] www.understandrcra.com

Monitor Technologies LLC Elburn, Ill. Steve Venditti (630) 365-9403 [email protected] www.monitortech.com

Columbia, Md. William Gallagher (410) 290-7726 [email protected] www.scantekinc.com

Schlumberger Water Services Kitchener, Ontario Chris Bogdon (519) 746-1798 ext. 223 [email protected] www.swstechnology.com

Schneider Electric Kanata, Ontario John Cavalenes (678) 533-5721 [email protected] www.controlmicrosystems.com XTrinity

Consultants – Breeze Software

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FEBRUARY20112 www.pollutionengineering.com

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A V Systems Inc. – MIRSinfo.com

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Chemical Safety Software – chemicalsafety.com

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Dataforensics LLC – dataforensics.net, Kevin Leung, (678) 406-0106

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Emissions management

Clean Air Act management

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• 2012 Environmental Software Review

Auditing

SOFTWAREGUIDE

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DHI Water & Environment – dhigroup.com Ecotech Pty. Ltd. – ecotech.com, Felicity Sharp, +61 3 9730 7800 ERA Environmental Consulting Inc. – era-environmental.com, (256) 232-4437 GAEA Technologies – gaeatech.com Geotech Computer Systems Inc. – geotech.com Golden Software Inc. GoldSim Technology Group – goldsim.com Groundswell Technologies Inc. – groundswelltech.com IHS – ihs.com/environmental-health-safety-sustainability

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Logical Data Solutions Inc. – logicalds.com Bill King, (561) 694-9229 ext. 102

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Scantek Inc. – scantekinc.com

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Schlumberger Water Services – swstechnology.com, (519) 342-1142

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Trinity Consultants – Breeze Software – breeze-software.com Vale Reyna, (972) 661-8881

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Schneider Electric – controlmicrosystems.com

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McCoy and Associates – understandrcra.com Monitor Technologies LLC – monitortech.com

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Kisters North America Inc. – kisters.net Lakes Environmental Software – weblakes.com Julie Swatson, (519) 746-5995

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FEBRUARY20112 www.pollutionengineering.com

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2012 Environmental Software Review • SOFTWAREGUIDE

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MATS Primer

IInn the the middle middle of of December, December the the EPA EPA announced announced their th latest new air regulation.

By ROY BIGHAM

O

n Dec. 16, 2011, the EPA signed the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) regulations. They subsequently held a news conference to explain the new rules to the press. However, only those organizations that could arrive there in less than 24 hours could attend and there was no teleconference or video coverage available, at least to the best of my knowledge. The new rules are expected to have a huge impact on power companies and suppliers to those industries. The EPA said that there was a lack of emission standards for toxic air pollutants such as arsenic, mercury and other metals. MATS will correct that deficiency and require power plants that use coal or oil to meet the new standards. Coal is used to provide about 45 percent of power in the United States. Oil or petroleum is used to supply about one percent. See Figure 1 for a breakdown by energy source at this point in time.

Some history The last major Clean Air update was in 1990. In 2000, the agency proclaimed that there was sufficient scientific studies that determined it was appropriate, and even necessary, to control mercury emissions from power plants. Power plants were singled out because they contributed more of the metal to the air than any other industrial sources. Previous administrators attempted to put controls on the emissions but the rules were struck down by the courts. Furthermore, the courts required the

Above graphic is from the EPA’s MATS website.

EPA to develop standards that followed existing law and properly used science, such that human health and the environment would be protected. Some states had become nervous about what appeared to be a lack of progress by the federal administration. Oregon passed the Utility Mercury Rule that required coal-fired power plants to reduce mercury emissions by 90 percent by July 1, 2012. Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich signed a state rule that required 90 percent mer-

cury reduction by Dec. 31, 2012. At least five other states also had such requirements in place that were stricter than the federal regulations. The EPA said that they had determined that three years should be sufficient for industry to comply with the new rules. However, they also concede that the cost and supply may require additional time for industry and the states to work together. So, the rules allow a state to provide up to one additional year to comply.

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

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MATS Primer

Source is a presentation given by Gina McCarthy, EPA’s assistant administrator for the office of air and radiation, at the 2011 EUEC conference.

Why do we need these limits? There have been many studies that concluded mercury in the fish came from air pollution that settled in the water and was eventually consumed by the aqueous creatures. There had been questions about the validity of the test methods as mercury had been found in fish that had spent their entire existence in an aquarium but showed high mercury levels. The only explanation that made sense was that it came by air. The water in the aquariums had been filtered and treated to remove contamination, so that could not have been the source. The new regulations are expected to lower mercury emissions by 90 percent from power supply plants, 88 percent of the acid gas emissions, and SO2 by 41 percent. The EPA predicts that the application of the MATS, along with the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, will save healthcare costs of up to $380 billion, prevent up to 46,000 premature deaths, 540,000 asthma attacks, 13,000 emergency room visits, and two million missed work or school days each year. The agency predicted that the cost to industry would be $9.6 billion. Before the decisions were finalized, the EPA received more than 900,000 comments from the public. 40

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

Health impacts Mercury is found in most coal formations. When the coal is burned, the mercury is released. From there the mercury changes form to make new compounds. Some of it settles on the land or in the water. Science has determined that when the mercury reaches the water, microorganisms change it to methylmercury, which is highly toxic. Fish and shellfish consume the microorganisms and the toxic compound is stored in the fat cells. Humans or other life forms consume the fish and the methylmercury. Always make sure to check with the state fish and wildlife agency to determine if there are any special advisories for eating the local fish. Certain people, such as women who plan to become pregnant or are already, as well as nursing mothers, and young children, should avoid species that are known to carry high levels of mercury. Examples of high mercury species would be shark, swordfish, tilefish or king mackerel. Rather,

one should eat shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, Pollock or catfish in moderation. For children, babies and fetuses, the primary health impact of consuming methymercury is impaired neurological development. Exposure is often the result of the mother consuming contaminated fish during pregnancy. Studies by a variety of universities and health organizations have concluded that exposure to the chemical has impacted cognitive thinking, memory, attention, language, and fine motor and visual spatial skills. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), mercury is generally found in three forms, elemental, inorganic or organic. Elemental mercury is the liquid form at normal temperatures that we think of in thermometers and electrical switches. Inorganic forms when elemental combines with substances such as oxygen or sulfur. Organic is normally formed in water when the mercury combines with a carbon compound. The more common compound is methylmercury but thimerosal or phenylmercuric acetate can also easily be formed. The CDC study found that most people have some level of mercury in their blood stream, but it is usually low enough to not be a concern. High exposure to mercury vapors can cause lung damage, while long exposure to lower vapor levels have been known to lead to neurological disturbances, memory problems, skin rash and kidney abnormalities. The study also showed that ingesting high levels of inorganic mercury can irritate and corrode the digestive system. Long exposure to lower amounts can have the same impact as long exposure to low vapor levels of elemental mercury. Inorganic mercury can be converted by microbes to organic forms. Long exposure to levels of organic mercury has caused damage to nervous systems. Infants born to women exposed to

Table 1: Sources of Mercury Emissions in the U.S. 1990 Emissions tons per year (tpy)

2005 Emissions (tpy)

Percent Reduction

Power Plants

59

53

10%

Municipal Waste Combustors

57

2

96%

Medical Waste Incinerators

51

1

98%

Industrial Category

MATS Primer organic mercury have shown developmental abnormalities and cerebral palsy.

More benefits There are about 1,400 coal- and oil-fired electric generating units operating at approximately 600 locations to provide power to the public. According to the EPA, these plants emit 50 percent of all the mercury emissions, 75 percent of all the acid gases, and 20 to 60 percent of all the

es to 1990 levels. In this writer’s opinion, this is not realistic. Go to YouTube and put in the search terms, “Obama prices will skyrocket” and listen to the predictions the President made many times in his campaign. I know this is not the cap and trade bill but this would only add to the burden and any attempt to declare that more regulation is going to lower electricity prices to less than they were over 20 years ago seems antithetical to common sense.

Table 2: Widely-available control technologies that reduce mercury and other air toxics Pollutant Addressed Existing Control Technologies to Address Toxic Pollutants Mercury Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR )with Flue-gas Desulfurization (FGD), Activated Carbon Injection (ACI), ACI with Fabric Filter (FF) or Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) Non-mercury metals FF, ESP Dioxins & furans Work Practice Standard ( inspection, adjustment, and/or maintenance and repairs to ensure optimal combustion) Acid gases FGD, Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI), DSI with FF or ESP Sulfur dioxide FGD, DSI

metals into the atmosphere. Many of these plants have not been upgraded in decades. In some cases, upgrades were delayed until the industry had better direction from the authorities on just what would be needed. Most of these units are more than 30 years old and many of them are over 50 years old (see Figure 2). So, upgrading them will not only reduce emissions but also improve output efficiency. The EPA estimates that the rules will require approximately 46,000 short-term jobs to construct the infrastructure. It will further require about 8,000 new positions in the long term to provide support to operate and maintain the equipment as well as the regular reports that will have to be generated to demonstrate the efficiency of the processes. Finally, the EPA said they expected that the addition of the required technology would have a minimum impact on electrical costs. They estimated that retail prices would increase by approximately three percent. However, they followed that statement with a comment that they expected demand for natural gas to increase, as some companies would choose to move away from coal and that would drive pric-

What is needed? Controlling mercury emissions at power plants is the last leg of the three highest sources to be regulated. The industrial sectors constituted about 67 percent of the mercury emissions in the United States. The three sectors were medical waste incinerators, municipal waste combustors and power plants. Medical and municipal waste burning operations have been regulated for some time and those sectors have accomplished the reduction of mercury emissions by more than 95 percent (See Table 1). Additionally, standards were set for some of the other sources such as cement production and steel manufacturing that reduced mercury emissions. Now it is the power providers’ turn to cap their emissions. According to the EPA, it is not necessary to develop new treatment technologies. The methods and equipment exist and are available to industry. See Table 2 for suggestions. The MATS sets standards for all Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) emitted by coal- and oil-fired power generators with a capacity of 25 megawatts or greater. These are called national emission standards for hazardous air pollut-

ants (NESHAP), also known as maximum achievable control technology (MACT) standards. Coal- and/or oil-fired electric utilities emit many of the 187 HAPs listed in the Clean Air Act. Standards set under the toxics program are federal air pollution limits that individual facilities must meet by a set date. MACT for new sources must be at least as stringent as the emission reduction achieved by the best performing similar source. Existing source MACT standards must be established to be at least as stringent as the emission reductions that have been achieved by the average of the top 12 percent best controlled sources. Setting a MACT standard is a two step process: 1. The MACT floor is established based on what is currently achieved by sources – costs may not be considered. 2. The EPA may regulate beyond the floor where it can be justified – costs and other issues must be considered in this event. Some large energy suppliers have made the claim that these regulations will require them to decommission some of their plants. The news sources I read, which reported these statements, left it at that. The inference from reading the stories was that rules would lead to shortages. Shortages would lead to higher prices and brownouts. That is just not going to happen. The consumption of electricity is increasing. Many are predicting that the future of the automobile industry is in plug-in cars and those will need more power. Most appliances continue to pull electricity even when they are turned off. Nearly every cell phone charger continues to draw electricity when it is not connected to a phone. This means that there will continue to be a market for electricity for the foreseeable future. Homes will not become self sufficient any time soon. If a company does decide to close a generating facility, it probably needed to be replaced anyway. Most likely that company will simply build a new facility that will run much more efficiently and, if not, another will be there to grab up that market. For more information on the MATS, explore www.epa.gov/mats. PE

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

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CASEBOOKCANADA By Dianne Saxe, Ph.D.

A Bumper Crop of Convictions Although municipal drinking water is considered safe for consumption, does it actually have a negative impact on contaminated site cleanups? n average, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment launches nearly 150 to 175 prosecutions for environmental infractions each year. Approximately 75 percent of such prosecutions are resolved once the accused pleads guilty, while roughly five percent are acquitted at trial. At the same time, nearly 10 percent are convicted and about 10 percent are withdrawn. Thus, 12 or so convictions are expected to be adjudicated in a typical month, generally for rather minor offences, resulting in modest fines.

O

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… the average municipal drinking water, while safe to drink, could potentially derail the success of a site cleanup program.

”

The month of November 2011, however, was witness to a bumper crop of environmental convictions. During the last few weeks of that month alone, the ministry announced more than two dozen convictions, for everything from failing to file an annual report for its waste disposal site (Smooth Rock Falls, $5,000) to an $85,000 fine for illegally dumping auto fluff in an unlicensed quarry (Kimco Steel and Charles Dietrich Construction). Four convictions involved the prosecution of municipalities. The Ministry continues to actively enforce its full range of statutes, including the Environmental Protection Act, the Ontario Water Resources Act, the Pesticides Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act. Federal enforcement remains comparatively weak, with only three convictions in the same time period for the entire country: two for wildlife violations (with a maximum fine of $14,500) and one under the Fisheries Act.

Wonderful water Meanwhile, Eric Hood, a Senior Environmental Consultant for Golder Associates Ltd., has noted that municipal drinking water often fails to meet Ontario’s contaminated site cleanup standards, with potentially serious consequences for cleanups. With so many challenges facing a successful site

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

clean-up program, it would be easy to overlook something as simple as the drinking water that comes from the tap. But municipal drinking water presents such challenges because the chemical composition of this ubiquitous resource may actually be adding contamination, based on the Ministry of Environment’s new site condition standards for groundwater. Municipal drinking water contains trace concentrations of specific VOCs known as trihalomethanes, which are formed as a result of chlorination in water treatment plants. Chloroform is the most common trihalomethane, and according to Health Canada, the average chloroform concentration in Canadian drinking water is 47 μg/L. The new site condition standards for chloroform, which came into effect on July 1, 2011, varies between two and 22 μg/L. Therefore, a discharge of drinking water to the subsurface could exceed the site condition standard, implying that the property where the discharge occurred could be considered “contaminated.” This is particularly relevant for Table 3 (non-potable) sites, where the chloroform standard for groundwater has become much more stringent. A common source of chloroform in groundwater is leakage from municipal water distribution systems and sanitary sewers; however, in some instances, municipal water is used for environmental drilling and discharged into groundwater. In this circumstance, straightforward technical measures can be applied to prevent any potential for chloroform contamination, such as aggressive well development to remove any injected water. It remains to be seen whether this type of groundwater contamination ever becomes an obstacle to obtaining a Record of Site Condition. That said, it does raise the awkward possibility that the average municipal drinking water, while safe to drink, could potentially derail the success of a site cleanup program. PE

Dianne Saxe is one of Canada’s leading environmental lawyers, is a certified specialist in environmental law and member of the Ontario Bar Association Environmental Section Executive. She also holds one of Canada’s only Doctorates of Jurisprudence (Ph.D.) in environmental law.

PRACTICALMANAGEMENT By Norman Wei

Caveat Emptor - Buyer Beware Not engaging a properly qualified professional to accomplish due diligence will nearly always be a costly mistake. ollowing the 1980 Love Canal debacle, Congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, commonly known as the Superfund Law. Under this law, any owner or operator of a contaminated site is held strictly liable cleanup. Landowners, who unknowingly purchased contaminated property, were at risk for all cleanup costs. In 1992, Congress amended the Superfund Law to include an “Innocent Land Owner” defense (ILO) against Superfund liability. If a purchaser conducts environmental due diligence before completing the sale, he will receive some protection from Superfund liability if the commercial property he purchased turns out to be contaminated. The due diligence process is codified in the federal regulations as All Appropriate Inquiries (AAI), which is commonly called a Phase 1 Environmental Assessment. To qualify for an ILO, the AAI must be performed or supervised by an Environmental Professional (EP). The qualifications of an EP are codified in the federal regulations. The AAI requires the following: • Interviews with past and present owners, operators and occupants; • Historical documentation reviews; • Reviews of federal, state, tribal and local government records; • Visual inspections of the facility and adjoining properties; • Obtain commonly known or reasonably ascertainable information; • Environmental lien searches; • Assessments of any specialized knowledge or experience of the prospective landowner; and • An assessment of the relationship of the purchase price to the fair market value of the property, if the property was not contaminated. A professionally prepared Phase 1 report will generally cost several thousand dollars or more, depending on the size and history of the commercial property. Unfortunately, low-ball Phase 1 mills are popping up everywhere. These are firms, or sole proprietors, that charge $800 or less to “perform” a Phase 1 assessment for a commercial site. Many buyers, lenders and sellers are hiring these mills because of the low costs. The cheaper product may well cost more in the long run. For instance, the seller can be sued, the lender can be

F

held liable, or the buyer might not be allowed to claim the ILO exemption. On the other hand, paying a lot of money does not guarantee success either. The EP must be properly qualified and the field technicians properly supervised. A recent Michigan case illustrates the risks associated with the failure to conduct proper due diligence. In Alfieri v. Bertorelli, 2011 Mich. App. LEXIS 1796 (Mich. Ct. App. 10/18/11), the buyers purchased a condominium unit in a former factory building as an investment. The factory had been impacted with trichloroethylene (TCE) from its former use. A newspaper article, as well

“

Landowners, who unknowingly purchased contaminated property, were at risk for all cleanup costs.

as the real estate agent’s sales brochure, indicated the site had been remediated despite the fact that the state agency had advised the realtors that the sales brochure was inaccurate and misleading. The buyers relied on the newspaper article and the sales brochure and did not perform their own due diligence before closing the deal. The property turned out to be heavily contaminated. The buyers subsequently filed a lawsuit against the real estate agents on theories of silent fraud and negligent misrepresentation. The jury found that the agents engaged in negligent misrepresentation. However, the jury also determined that the buyers were partially responsible for their damages because they had failed to perform their own due diligence. The jury assigned the buyers 35 percent fault on the negligent misrepresentation claim. Moral of the story? Buyers beware and hire qualified EP to do due diligence. PE

”

Norman Wei Norman Wei is an environmental consultant based in Florida who conducts environmental compliance seminars throughout the country. Over 2,000 environmental professionals have attended his seminars. His website is www.proactenv.com and his blog is http://normanswei.wordpress.com. His Twitter account is www.twitter.com/epaseminar and his LinkedIn account is www.linkedin.com/in/normanwei. He can be reached by email at [email protected].

FEBRUARY2012

www.pollutionengineering.com

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ENVIRONMENTALPROFESSIONAL By Christopher Young

In-Situ Flushing and PRBs This month we look at two more groundwater contamination treatment methods that were commonly used in the past – in situ flushing and permeable reactive barriers. n the past, in-situ flushing was used to clean up harmful chemicals in polluted soil and groundwater by pumping water or chemicals into the ground. The harmful chemicals are flushed toward wells where the materials are pumped out. The process works in situ, which means the polluted soil is cleaned up in place rather than excavating.

I

(PRB) may require many years. The time period depends on two major factors that vary from site to site: • The type and amount of pollution present in the groundwater • The time required for the groundwater to move through the PRB Groundwater may move a few inches to hundreds of feet per year, depending on site conditions.

Is in-situ flushing safe? In-situ flushing can be quite safe, but there are also some potential hazards. First, workers must wear protective clothing if they handle chemicals and provide protection against exposure to surfactants or co-solvents left behind after cleanup. At some sites, scientists may want to leave small amounts of surfactant or co-solvent in the polluted area to help with bio-remediation.

How long will it take? The duration of the i- situ flushing process typically depends on several factors: • The size and depth of the polluted area • The type and amount of NAPL • The type of soil and conditions present • How groundwater flows through the soil (how fast and along what path?) To properly clean a site, in situ flushing may require months or even years.

Why use in-situ flushing? In situ flushing is also one of the few methods that can help clean NAPL in place. This avoids the expense of digging up the soil for disposal or cleanup. Depending on the number of wells and the amount of surfactant or co-solvent needed, in-situ flushing can be expensive and difficult to use. However, in-situ flushing has successfully cleaned up many polluted sites and has been used, or is being used, at 16 Superfund sites across the country.

Permeable reactive barriers This method uses a trench backfilled with reactive material such as zero valent iron filings, activated carbon or peat, which absorb and transform the contaminant as groundwater flows through the barrier.

How long will it take? Cleaning groundwater with a permeable reactive barrier

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

Are PRBs safe? PRBs have a proven safety record. Once built, there are no moving parts, equipment or noise. The reactive materials placed in the PRB trench are not harmful to the groundwater or to people. The reaction occurs below ground so that cleanup workers can avoid contact. Some soil, which may be polluted, must be removed when digging the trench. Follow all safety rules. EPA requries air test to ensure that dust and gases are not released.

Why use PRBs? PRBs tend to work best at sites that have loose, sandy soil and a steady flow of groundwater. Since PRBs clean up many types of pollution underground, as long as it is no deeper than 50 feet, there is no need to pump polluted groundwater above ground; therefore, PRBs can be cheaper and faster than other methods. Additionally, very little waste needs to be disposed of in a landfill, which also saves money. There are no parts to break, and there is no equipment above ground so the property can be used while it is being cleaned up. There are also no energy costs to operate a PRB because it works with the natural flow of groundwater. And, since they are so costeffective, PRBs have been installed at more than 40 sites in the United States and Canada thus far. PE

Christopher Young is the director of operations for the National Registry of Environmental Professionals (NREP), Glenview, Ill., an internationally recognized professional certification organization that specializes in credentialing environmental health and safety and homeland protection professionals. Chris is a certified registered environmental manager and has extensive experience in environmental inspections, auditing t i i and project management. Contact him at [email protected].

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ESdat: An Environmental Data Management System ESdat is used by environmental professionals for a variety of applications including contaminated/ industrial sites, groundwater investigations, general site environmental management and landfill. Tasks that were previously performed manually are now automatic. You can create sample plans to help field data collection, import field, historical and lab data, perform chemical QA on data, and create various reports as needed. ESdat is highly flexible such that you can customize its layout, analyses, and reports to meet your specific needs.

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Gaussian Plume Air Dispersion Model AERMOD View is a comprehensive graphical interface for the U.S. EPA regulatory approved air dispersion model AERMOD. AERMOD View includes an extensive list of features such as AERMOD Parallel, meaning no add-ons are required. Latest proven features include creation of 1-hour SO2, 1-hour NO2, and 24-hour PM2.5 PLOTFILES which follow the latest NAAQS guidance, plus the options for adding background concentrations and displaying contributions by source groups.

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FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

45

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012

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LITERATURE&PRODUCTSHOWCASE EPOCH Haz Waste System EPOCH is a comprehensive environmental reporting and task management software system. One of the most popular modules is Waste Management – manifest printing and tracking and on-site container tracking from generation through storage and shipment. Benefits include centralized life cycle waste tracking and regulatory reporting – RCRA Biennial. See for yourself at: http://www.logicalds. com/linkcontent.aspx?pageid=2&pagename=Hazardou s Waste Management

Flexible Multilevel Monitoring Obtain discrete zone groundwater data using a Solinst CMT® Multilevel System. Inexpensive and easy to install, design flexibility allows port locations and monitoring strategy to be finalized right on site. Monitor up to 7 zones within one well; 3 in the 1.1-inch diameter system.

Solinst Canada Ltd. (905) 873-2255 [email protected] www.solinst.com

Logical Data Solutions, Inc. (561) 694-9229 www.logicalds.com [email protected]

FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

47

Areas of Specialty Air Pollution Control • Environmental Sustainability • General Environmental Engineering • Hazardous Waste Management • Industrial Hygiene • Radiation Protection • Solid Waste Management • Water Supply and Wastewater

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ADINDEX Pollution Engineering provides additional information from each of its advertisers. Visit www.pollutionengineering.com, then click on Buyers Guide and search by supplier. The buyers guide is an additional service provided by the magazine. The publisher assumes no liability for errors or omissions. ADVERTISER

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PUBLISHING & EDITORIAL STAFF

A&WMA . . . . . . . . . . . 16 http://ace2012.awma.org

EcoTech . . . . . . . . . . . 12 www.airodis.com

ABUTEC. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 www.abutec.com

EOS Remediation . . . . . . IBC www.eosremediation.com

Airgas . . . . . . . . . . 25, 50 www.airgas.com

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www.alspecialtygases.com American Academy of Environmental Engineers . . 48 www.aaee.net ClearSpan Fabric Structures . . . . . . . . . 9, 33 www.clearspan.com/adple Control Instruments . . . . . 14 www.controlinstruments.com

Lakes Environmental. . . . . IFC www.weblakes.com Logical Data Solutions Inc . . 9 www.logicalds.com

Tom Esposito | Senior Group Publisher Sarah Harding | Publisher 216-991-4861 | [email protected] Roy Bigham | Editor 248-244-6252 | [email protected] Christopher Lewis| Assistant Editor 248-244-6252 | [email protected] Contributing Editors Erin Manitou-Alvarez, Lynn L. Bergeson, Esq., Neginmalek Davapanah, Barbara Quinn, Sarah Sajedi, Dr. Dianne Saxe, Norman Wei, Christopher Young Tammie Gizicki | Art Director [email protected] John Talan | Production Manager 248-244-8253 | [email protected]

MARKETING/REPRINTS/RESEARCH Jill DeVries | Editorial Reprints 248-244-1726 | [email protected] Michele Raska | Marketing & Promotions Manager 248-786-1694 | [email protected] Michelle Maki | Project Manager [email protected]

ADVERTISING & SALES STAFF Larry Maher | Midwest/West Coast Sales Manager 630-616-7271 | [email protected] Lori Koning | East Coast Sales 814-833-9303 | [email protected]

Solinst . . . . . . . . . . 11, 34 www.solinst.com Trinity Consultants . . . . . . 38 www.breeze-software.com

Lydia Stewart | Inside Sales Manager and Classified Sales 248-758-0137 | [email protected]

LIST RENTAL Kevin Collopy | Sr. Account Manager 845-731-2684 | [email protected] Shawn Miller| Account Manager 845-731-3828 | [email protected] Toll Free: (800) 223-2194, ext. 684 or (845) 731-2750 Web: www.infogroup.com

Dataforensics . . . . . . . . 10 www.dataforensics.net/esdat.php

AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Lauren Dissmore | Audience Development Coordinator Alison Illes | Multimedia Specialist Catherine M. Ronan | Corporate Audience Audit Manager

CORPORATE DIRECTORS

PE POLLUTION ENGINEERING (ISSN 0032-3640) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media II, L.L.C., 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $115.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2012, by BNP Media II, L.L.C. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the

John R. Schrei – Publishing Rita M. Foumia – Corporate Strategy Scott Krywko – Information Technology Vincent M. Miconi – Production Lisa L. Paulus – Finance Michael T. Powell – Creative Nikki Smith – Directories Marlene J. Witthoft – Human Resources Scott Wolters – Events Beth A. Suroweic – Clear Seas Research

publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: PE POLLUTION ENGINEERING, P.O. Box 2146, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to PE POLLUTION ENGINEERING, P.O. Box 2146, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or

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FEBRUARY2012 www.pollutionengineering.com

49

StateRules

brought to you by

8

5 7

6 1

4

3 2

CA – OZONE PLANS APPROVED

those customers who are frequently affected by environmen-

tronic devices within the state, to establish a public education

The EPA has approved 8-hour ozone air quality plans

tal rules, but lack the expertise and money needed to hire

program by Jan. 1, 2012. The program will inform consumers

for two areas that are considered by the federal agency to

someone to guide them through the regulatory, permitting

about eligible collection, reuse and recycling programs.

have the worst air quality in the nation. As a result, the San

and compliance processes.

1

Joaquin Valley and the South Coast must achieve the Clean Air Act’s 1997 8-hour standard for ozone of 0.08 ppm by

4

KY – AMENDED UST REGULATIONS

7

VA – PERMIT BY RULE FOR WIND ENERGY PROJECTS

The state’s Division of Waste Management recently

The state has adopted regulations to implement the 2009

reduction in air pollution, Jared Blumenfeld, EPA’s regional

amended two regulations pertaining to the man¬agement

Small Renewable Energy Projects state stat¬ute. The new

administrator for the Pacific Southwest, said, “These plans

of underground storage tanks. The Small Owners Tank

permit-by-rule regulations apply to wind energy projects

will spur development of new technologies and will cut NOX

Removal Account (SOTRA) regulation at 401 KAR 42:330

with rated capacity not exceeding 100 megawatts. The

emissions by almost 700 tons per day over the next twelve

was revised to establish the eligibility require¬ments and

regulations can be found in nine state Administrative Codes

years and help reduce the number of cases of asthma and

rates for reimbursement from the SOTRA. To demonstrate

VAC 15-40-10 through 9 VAC 15-40-140. The regulations

other respiratory ailments.”

eligibility, petroleum tank owners must prove that they

establish requirements for potential environmental impact

earned an average of $100,000 total income during the

analyses, mitigation plans, facility site planning, public

GA – LIMITING SMOKE

last five years, as documented by the applicant’s signed

participation, permit fees, interagency consultations, compli-

According to the open burning rule developed by the

federal income tax returns.

ance and enforcement.

2024. Although these areas have demonstrated some

2

state’s Environmental Protection Division, a county population of more than 65,000 triggers air quality requirements for all land clearing activities. Anyone clearing land by burning vegetative material must use an Air Curtain Destructor, which is a forced-air pit incinerator that generates a barrier of air over a fire that limits the amount of smoke that can be released.

3

NC – NEW OFFICE FOR SMALL BIZ COMPLIANCE

5

OH – MORE GENERAL AIR PERMITS ISSUED

Gov. Chris Gregoire has signed a bill into law that directs the

that will facilitate the authorization process for sources

Department of Labor & Industries to adopt requirements for

that qualify. Sources of air pollutants within the state must

the handling of chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs.

obtain a permit from the OEPA before they are able to install,

This is the first state in the nation to require protec¬tion

oper¬ate or modify further facilities that have previously

for healthcare workers that work with patients using these

polluted the state’s natural resources.

hazardous drug treatments.

6

UT – E-WASTE LAW PASSED

comply with environmental rules. The Environmental Permit

The 2011 legislature passed an e-waste law that

and Compliance Assistance Center will focus on the needs of

required manufacturers, who wished to sell consumer elec-

50 PLE01094Airg.indd Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2012 1

WA – WA TO ADOPT REGS ABOUT CHEMO DRUGS

The OEPA has issued several new common air permits

The NCDENR is in the process of developing a new out¬reach center to help small businesses, landowners and residents

8

This update is provided by Business & Legal Reports Inc., practical EHS publishers since 1977. Find environmental answers and state compliance help online at http://enviro.blr.com or contact BLR at (800) 727-5257.

12/10/08 2:54:47 PM

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