My First Pocket Guide to Oregon

Oregon Basics

Oregon Geography

Oregon History

Oregon People

Oregon Places

Oregon Nature

Oregon Miscellany

by Carole Marsh

M My y F Fiir rs st t P Po oc ck ke et t G Gu uiid de e

B By y C Ca ar ro olle e M Ma ar rs sh h

The Carole Marsh Bob Longmeyer Chad Beard Cecil Anderson Steven Saint-Laurent Jill Sanders

Kathy Zimmer Terry Briggs Pat Newman Billie Walburn Jackie Clayton Pam Dufresne

Cranston Davenport Lisa Stanley Antoinette Miller Victoria DeJoy Al Fortunatti Shery Kearney

Published by GALLOPADE INTERNATIONAL

www.theoregonexperience.com 800-536-2GET • www.gallopade.com ©2001 Carole Marsh • First Edition • All Rights Reserved. ©2011 Ebook Edition Character Illustrations by Lucyna A. M. Green. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. The Oregon Experience logo is a trademark of Carole Marsh and Gallopade International, Inc. A free catalog of The Oregon Experience Products is available by calling 800-536-2GET, or by visiting our website at www.theoregonexperience.com.

Gallopade is proud to be a member of these educational organizations and associations:

Other Oregon Experience Products • The Oregon Experience! • The BIG Oregon Reproducible Activity Book • The Oregon Coloring Book • My First Book About Oregon! • Oregon “Jography”: A Fun Run Through Our State • Oregon Jeopardy!: Answers and Questions About Our State • The Oregon Experience! Sticker Pack • The Oregon Experience! Poster/Map • Discover Oregon CD-ROM • Oregon “Geo” Bingo Game • Oregon “Histo” Bingo Game

A Word From the Author... (okay, a few words)... Hi! Here’s your own handy pocket guide about the great state of Oregon! It really will fit in a pocket—I tested it. And it really will be useful when you want to know a fact you forgot, to bone up for a test, or when your teacher says, “I wonder . . .” and you have the answer—instantly! Wow, I’m impressed! Get smart, have fun!

Oregon Basics

Oregon Geography

Carole Marsh

Oregon Basics explores your state’s symbols and their special meanings! Oregon Geography digs up the what’s where in your state! Oregon History is like traveling through time to some of your state’s great moments! Oregon People introduces you to famous personalities and your next-door neighbors! Oregon Places shows you where you might enjoy your next family vacation! Oregon Nature - no preservatives here, just what Mother Nature gave to Oregon!

Oregon History

Oregon People

Oregon Places

Oregon Nature

Oregon Miscellany

All the real fun stuff that we just HAD to save for its own section!

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State Name

Who Named You? Oregon’s official state name is...

Oregon

State Name

Word Definition

OFFICIAL: appointed, authorized, or approved by a government or organization

Statehood: February 14, 1859 Oregon will be on a statecommemorative quarter starting in the year 2005. Look for it in cash registers everywhere!

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Oregon was the 33rd state to join the Union.

Coccinella noemnotata is my name (that’s Latin for ladybug)! What’s YOURS?

State Name Origin

W hat’s In A

Name ?

State Name Origin

The origin of the name Oregon is unknown. Most people believe the name comes from the French word ouragan, which means “storm” or “hurricane.”

Some believe Oregon came from the Spanish words orejon, which means “big-ear” (a name given to Indian tribes in the area), or orégano for the wild sage found in eastern Oregon.

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State Nickname

WHO Are You Calling Names? State Nickname

Oregon is not the only name by which the state is recognized. Like many other states, Oregon has some nicknames, official or unofficial!

The

B e av e r Portland, Oregon’s largest city, is nicknamed “Rose City.” The first settlers brought roses that now bloom year-round.

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State

State Capital/Capitol State Capital:

Salem

Established 1844 Since 1859 State Capital/ Capitol

In 1840–41, Jason Lee’s mission was moved from the Willamette River to a site on Mill Creek. Missionaries established the Oregon Institute (which was renamed Willamette University) on the site in 1842. When the mission dissolved in 1844, settlers decided to lay out a townsite on the land. Either David Leslie, from Salem, Massachusetts, or W.H. Wilson chose the name “Salem.” Salem became the territorial capital in 1851. In 1855, the territorial government moved the capital to Corvallis, then back to Salem. Salem was named the temporary capital when Oregon became a state in 1859. In 1864, Oregon’s voters made Salem The Oregon the permanent capital. statue on Pioneer top of the capitol building represents the spirit of Oregon’s early settlers. It weighs 8.5 tons and is hollow inside.

Word Definition

CAPITAL: a town or city that is the official seat of government CAPITOL: the building in which the government officials meet 7

State Government

Who’s in Charge Here? Oregon’s EXECUTIVE

GOVERNMENT

has three branches:

LEGISLATIVE

JUDICIAL

State Government

A governor, secretary of state, treasurer, attorney general, commissioner of labor and industries, superintendent of public instruction

Two Houses: The Senate (30 members) House of Representatives (60 members)

Supreme Court has seven justices. Lesser courts include appeals court, circuit court, district court, county court, and municipal court.

The number of legislators is determined by population, which is counted every ten years; the When you are numbers 18 and register above are according to Oregon laws, certain to you can vote! change as So please do! Oregon grows Your vote counts! and prospers! 8

State Flag

State Flag

Oregon’s current state flag was adopted in 1925. It features a field of navy blue with the state seal and 1859 (the year Oregon became a state) in gold. The reverse side of the flag shows the state As you travel animal, the beaver. throughout Oregon, count the times you see the Oregon flag! Look for it on government vehicles, too!

✮

✮ ✮ ✮ 9

State Seal & Motto

State Seal The state seal of Oregon features a shield with the American eagle. Thirty-three stars are found below the State Seal shield, which signify & Motto Oregon was the 33rd state, with a ribbon with the words The Union on it.

Word Definition

?

MOTTO: a sentence, phrase, or word expressing the spirit or purpose of an organization or group

State Motto Oregon’s state motto is... The legislature adopted the state motto in 1987. The motto was suggested by Judge Jessie Quinn Thornton.

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Alis Volat Propiis It means “She Flies With Her Own Wings.”

State Bird

Birds of a Feather Western Meadowlark Western meadowlarks are about the size of robins. Their feathers are streaked brown on top and are bright yellow below. Their outer tail feathers are mainly white and can be easily seen when the birds fly. They have a bold black “V” on their breasts. They live in meadows, plains, and pastures. Western meadowlarks have a rich, flutelike song.

State Bird

Oregon’s schoolchildren chose the state bird in 1927 in a poll sponsored by the Oregon Audubon Society.

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State Tree

DOUGLAS FIR ,

an odm

e Mo rris

“Wo

org

pe

State Tree

tha t t r e e !” — Ge

Po

sp

e ar

The Douglas fir was chosen as the state tree in 1939. The tree is named after David Douglas, a 19th century Scottish botanist (a scientist who studies plants). The Douglas fir is one of the largest trees in the U.S. They can grow over 300 feet (91.4 meters) tall but most are around 200 feet (69.9 meters).

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State Flower

OREGON GRAPE State Flower

A lovelier flower on earth was never sown. —William Wordsworth A low-growing plant found along many Oregon highways, the Oregon grape has green, hollylike leaves year-round. A dainty yellow flower blooms in early summer. The Oregon grape also bears dark blue berries that are ripe in late fall and can be used in cooking.

RIDDLE:

If the state flower got mixed up with the state bird, what would you have? ANSWER: A grape that goes west on a lark—it could happen!

The Oregon Legislature designated the Oregon grape as the state flower in 1899.

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State Mammal American Beaver

State Mammal

Beaver fur was the reason the first Europeans came to Oregon. The early settlers nearly hunted the beavers to extinction. Because of proper management and protection, beavers are still important to Oregon. Beavers are called “nature’s engineers.” The dams they build are important to natural water flow and erosion control. Beavers gnaw down trees at The beaver night, then float the branches was named through canals to their dams. the state They live in one-room houses mammal in with an underwater entrance 1969. in the ponds created by the dams they build.

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State Seashell Oregon Hairy Hairy Triton Triton Oregon

State Seashell

According to Greek mythology, Triton was a merman (half man, half fish) who lived with his parents, the sea god Poseidon and his wife Amphitrite, in a palace under the sea. Triton carried a shell trumpet. His name was given to a family of sea snails whose shells were sometimes drilled with a hole and used as a horn. The Oregon hairy triton was named by a shell expert in 1848. It is one of the largest shells found in the state and The Oregon can be up to five inches hairy triton is (12.7 centimeters) long. The the only shell shells wash up on the with a state’s Oregon coast at high tide. name.

Can he play “Under the Sea” on that horn?

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State Song

“Oregon, My Oregon” State Song

In 1920, J.A. Buchanan and Henry B. Murtagh wrote “Oregon, My Oregon.” It became the official state song in 1927. Land of the empire builders, land of the golden west; Conquered and held by free men, fairest and the best. Onward and upward ever, forward and on and on; Hail to thee, land of heroes, my Oregon.

Land of the rose and sunshine, land of the summer’s breeze; Laden with health and vigor, fresh from the Western seas. Blest by the blood and martyrs, land of the setting sun; Hail to thee, land of Promise; my Oregon.

Buchanan and Murtagh won a statewide competition sponsored by the Society of Oregon Composers with “Oregon, My Oregon.”

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State Nut

Hazelnut State Nut

The hazelnut became the state nut in 1989. Hazelnuts are also known as filberts. Wild hazelnuts grow on shrubs or small trees. Oregon hazelnuts grow on trees with a single trunk that grow to 30 or 40 feet (9.1 to 12.2 meters). Hazelnuts are gathered when they fall to the ground and are usually sold unshelled. Hazelnuts add a unique Oregon grows flavor to recipes and 99 percent of products. the hazelnuts produced in the U.S.

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State Gem and Rock State Gem

Oregon Sunstone Oregon sunstones are large, brightly colored stones that are members of the feldspar family. They are found mainly in the southeastern Oregon deserts. The red, blue, and green sunstones are the most valuable. The State Gem and sunstone was adopted as the state gem in 1987. Rock

State Rock Thundereggs look just like any old rock on the outside. But on the inside, they are filled with agates of different colors and beautiful designs. Thundereggs can range from one inch (2.54 centimeters) to over four feet (1.21 meters) in diameter. The largest known thunderegg is displayed on the Capitol grounds in Salem. It weighs over 3,500 pounds (1587.6 kilograms) and measures four feet (1.2 meters) by five feet (1.5 meters).

Thundereggs are also known as geodes.

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Look out for that thunderegg!

State Insect Oregon Swallowtail Butterfly

State Insect

The Oregon Swallowtail Butterfly became the state insect in 1979. The bright yellow butterfly is edged in black. It is a strong flier and is not easily captured. The Oregon Swallowtail can be found in the lower sagebrush canyons of the Columbia and Snake The Oregon rain Rivers. beetle almost became the state insect. When legislators found out the rain beetle had a close relative that is a cherry pest, the Oregon Swallowtail was given the honor.

Look! It’s the state insect!

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State Fish

Chinook Salmon State Fish

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The Chinook salmon is the largest of the Pacific salmons. It was adopted as the state fish in 1961. The Chinook salmon is also known as the spring, king, or tyee salmon. Chinook salmons average about 25 pounds (11.3 kilograms) but can weigh as much as 100 pounds (45.36 kilograms).

Succulent Salmon Put a salmon filet on foil. Drizzle with lemon juice. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Add shredded smoked ham and broil fish until done. Sounds fishy to me!

State Map The State of

Oregon State Map

States are great!

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State Location O re g o n i s o n e of the Pacific N o r t h we s t s t a t e s. State Location

T H E CO N T I G U O U S U N I T E D S TAT E S Oreg

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Word Definition

on

LATITUDE: Imaginary lines which run horizontally east and west around the globe LONGITUDE: Imaginary lines which run vertically north and south around the globe

State Neighbors

On The Border! These border Oregon: States: Washington, Idaho, Nevada, California Bodies of water: Pacific Ocean, Columbia River, Snake River

State Neighbors

ton Washing

Pacific Ocean

n Orego Idaho ia Californ Nevada

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East-West, North-South, Area

I’ll Take the Low Road… East-West, North-South, Area

Oregon stretches 296 miles (476 kilometers) from north to south—or south to north. Either way, it’s a long drive!

Total Area: Approximately 98,386 square miles (254,800 square kilometers) Land Area: Approximately 96,003 square miles (248,629 square kilometers) Oregon is 416 miles (669 kilometers) from east to west—or west to east. Either way, it’s still a long drive! This is a compass rose. It helps you find the right direction on a map!

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Highest & Lowest Points

You Take the High Road!

Highest & Lowest Points

HIGHEST POINT MOUNT HOOD—11,239 FEET (3,428 METERS)

Lieutenant William Robert Broughton named Mount Hood in 1792. Broughton, a member of Captain George Vancouver’s British expedition to the Northwest, named it in honor of Rear Admiral Samuel Hood. Hood signed the orders for Vancouver’s expedition. LOWEST POINT SEA LEVEL ALONG THE PACIFIC COASTLINE

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State Counties

I’m County-ing on You! Oregon is divided into 36 counties.

State Counties

Word Definition

COUNTY: an administrative subdivision of a state or territory 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…

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6, 7, 8, 9, 10…

Natural Resources It’s All Natural!

Forests make up about 28 million acres (11.3 million hectares) in Oregon. Almost 50 percent of the state is covered by timber.

Word Definition

NATURAL RESOURCES: things that exist in or are formed by nature

Minerals and rocks: sand gravel stone pumice clays gold

Rock and Roll!

Natural Resources

One of Oregon’s first industries was commercial fishing. Salmon was the main catch for years, but now commercial fishermen also look for snapper, sole, and whiting.

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Weather

Weather, Or Not?! Oregon has two different climates. Oregon’s weather is moist and mild west of the Cascade Mountains. East of the Cascade Mountains, the weather is dry and can have extreme ranges in temperature. Weather

Highest temperature: 119°F (48°C), Pendleton, August 10, 1898 ºF=Degrees Fahrenheit ºC=Degrees Celsius

Lowest temperature: -54°F (-48°C), Ukiah, February 9, 1933; Seneca, February 10, 1933

Temperatures in the Great Basin, Oregon’s high desert, range from 100°F (38°C) in summer to -30°F (-34°C) in winter.

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Topography

Names in the Great Basin give us an idea of the first settlers’ hardships—Poverty Flat, Starvation Springs, Deadman’s Bedground, and Skull Creek.

100 m 328 ft 200 m 656 ft 500 m 1,640 ft 2,000 m 1,000 m 6,562 ft 3,281 ft

TOPOGRAPHY: the detailed mapping of Word Definition the features on the surface of land

Topography

5,000 m 16,404 ft

Oregon’s topography includes rugged coastlines, snowy mountains, green valleys, vast plateaus, and sunbaked deserts. Cliffs overlook the Pacific and sea stacks (rock pillars) look like giant teeth in the water. The Willamette Valley is nestled among the Klamath, Coastal, and Cascade mountains. Huge rivers of volcanic lava formed the Columbia Plateau. The Great Basin is Oregon’s high desert.

Sea Level

Back On Top

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Mountains and Ranges

King of the Hill Coast Range Cascade Range Mountains and Ranges

Columbia-Deschutes Plateau Oregon Dunes

Climb every mountain…

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Rivers

Down The River Here are some of Oregon’s major rivers:

• Columbia • Snake • Willamette • Deschutes • Rogue • Siuslaw • Umpqua

The shortest river in the world is D River. Less than 100 yards long, D River runs from Devils Lake to the Pacific Ocean and divides Lincoln City into north and south.

• John Day • Umatilla • Sprague • Silver Creek • Donner and

Rivers

Blitzen

Grab a paddle!

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Major Lakes

Gone Fishin’ Major Lakes

● Upper Klamath Lake ●

Odell Lake

●

Waldo Lake

Crater Lake in the Cascade Mountains is the deepest lake in the U.S. at 1,932 feet (589 meters). It lies in the crater of an extinct volcano.

Word Definition

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●

Crater Lake

●

Wallowa Lake

●

Diamond Lake

●

Howard Prairie Reservoir

●

Harney Lake

●

Malheur Lake

RESERVOIR: a body of water stored for public use

Cities & Towns J Bori ohn Day n Brid g Beav and th ge H er t e Plus alfwa ook t h h Re y mot to th e e Tr e ail.

Are You a city mouse… or a Country Mouse?

Have you heard of these wonderful Oregon town, city, or crossroad names? Perhaps you can start your own list!

MAJOR CITIES:

UNIQUE NAMES:

• Portland • Eugene • Salem • Medford • Corvallis • Albany • Bend • McMinnvillle • Klamath Falls • Grants Pass

• Beaver • Boring • Bridge • Canary • Crane • Dairy • Drain • Fossil • Halfway

Cities & Towns

• John Day • Monument • Plush • Remote • Sisters • Sixes • Sweet Home • Talent • Trail The too Libera k l thei his Sist Crane Mon r Talent ers and ume nt a to the Hom t Swee t e.

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Transportation Major Interstate Highways I-5 , I-84 Oregon has 68,478 miles (110,205 kilometers) of roads and highways.

Railroads Transportation

Around 2,820 miles (4,538 kilometers) of railroad track chug through Oregon.

Major Airports Oregon’s largest airport is Portland International Airport.

Ports

Coos Bay, Astoria, Newport, Port of Portland, The Dalles, Tillamook Bay, Reedsport, Bandon, Brookings, Cascade Locks, Port Orford

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Timeline 1579 Great Britain’s Sir Francis Drake sails along the Oregon coast 1792 Robert Gray sails up the Columbia River and enters Oregon 1805 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark reach the Columbia River 1811 Fur trader John Jacob Astor establishes Astoria 1813 British troops capture Astoria and name it Fort George in the War of 1812 1818 The U.S. and Great Britain agree that citizens of both nations can live in what is now Oregon 1834 A group of Boston missionaries, including Nathaniel Wyeth and Hall Kelley, arrive in the Timeline Willamette Valley 1844 Slavery becomes illegal in Oregon and Lash Law passes 1848 Oregon Territory is created 1850 Oregon Land Donation Act goes into effect 1859 Oregon becomes a state 1912 Women gain the right to vote in Oregon 1926 Exclusion Law against African-Americans is repealed 1937 Bonneville Dam is completed 1971 One of the nation’s first “bottle bills” banning no-deposit bottles becomes law 1990 Barbara Roberts is elected as Oregon’s first woman governor 2001 On to the 21st century

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Early History

Here come the humans! Early History

Thousands of years ago, ancient peoples inhabited Oregon. They may have originally come across a frozen bridge of land between Asia and Alaska. If so, they slowly traveled east until some settled in what would one day become the state of Oregon. One of the earliest human settlements found in Oregon is Fort Rock, east of the Cascades. Ancient sandals made of sagebrush and bark believed to be more than 13,000 years old have These early been found there. people were

nomadic hunters who traveled in small bands. They camped when seasons offered hunting, fishing, and fruit and nut gathering.

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Early Indians Native Americans Once Ruled! Oregon’s early Indians belonged to one of three groups—the coastal people, the Columbia Plateau people, or the people of the interior. The coastal tribes enjoyed a mild climate and a wealth of food. They used cedar to build permanent villages. The coastal waters provided them with shellfish, salmon, trout, and waterfowl. The Columbia Plateau tribes lived in tentlike structures called wickiups. They hunted buffalo and deer, and gathered roots and berries. The Nez Percé tribe was the first in Oregon to tame and use horses. The interior tribes lived in earthen shelters in the winter and portable tepees in the summer. They had rich and poor families. The poor sometimes served the rich as slaves.

Word Definition

Early Indians

WAMPUM: beads, pierced and strung, used by Indians as money or for ornaments

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Exploration

Land Ho!

European explorers searching for riches, power, and trade routes began sailing to the west coast in the 16th century. They hoped to find a Northwest Passage, an inland waterway that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Spanish explorers were the first to sail along Oregon’s shore. Bruno Heceta sailed to the mouth of the Columbia River. English Exploration explorer Captain James Cook also found the Columbia and traded goods with the Indians. The first explorer to set foot in Oregon was American trader Captain Robert Gray. By the end of the 18th century, the U.S., Great Britain, Russia, and Spain all laid claim to Oregon. The region the The Lewis and Clark explorers called expedition reached Oregon Oregon country in 1805. They had hoped to included presentday Oregon, find a route linking the Washington, and Missouri River to the Idaho, as well as Columbia River. Instead, parts of Montana and Wyoming. they opened the way for others to settle beyond the Rocky Mountains.

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Settlement

Home, Sweet Home Fur trappers and traders were the first settlers in Oregon. Most of them were after the fur of just one animal—the beaver. The traders had nearly wiped out the beavers in the eastern U.S., so news of the furs in the Pacific Northwest brought people from all over the world. Businessman John Jacob Astor formed the Pacific Fur Company and planned to set up Settlement trading posts from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean. In 1811, Astor established the town of Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River. The fur trade eventually declined, but the U.S. was growing. In 1829, the American Society for Encouraging the Settlement of the Oregon Territory began in Boston. The founder of the The Oregon Trail group, Hall Kelley, and was one of the main routes Nathaniel Wyeth led a party of settlers traveled. The trail ran from settlers to Oregon. Independence, Around the same time, Missouri to Fort Vancouver, missionaries Jason and Daniel Washington. Lee also decided to go to Oregon to convert the Indians to Christianity.

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Furs and Forests Fur traders started taking an interest in the Pacific Northwest after reading the reports of explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. America’s Pacific Fur Company, the Hudson’s Bay Company of Great Britain, and the British-French Canadian North West Company competed with each other for furs. Beaver furs and seal furs were important. Furs and Forests As the fur trading business grew, the companies established trading posts and settlements throughout Oregon. Native Americans started working for the companies as hired trappers. The lumber industry started to grow as soon as Europeans saw the Pacific Northwest. The sailors would cut logs to take back with them to Europe. Eventually, towns grew up around sawmills. 40

Legends and Lore Sasquatch (A.K.A. Bigfoot) Sasquatch (Bigfoot) are large, hairy, human-like creatures thought to live in Oregon’s forests and mountains. Sasquatch weigh more than 500 pounds (226.8 kilograms) and are 6–8 feet (1.8–2.4 meters) tall. Descriptions of Sasquatch report the creatures are covered with thick black hair, have a round Legends and Lore human-like head, and smell like rotten meat. Footprints that have been found are shaped like a bear’s foot and are more than 18 inches (45.7 centimeters) long. No one has ever found a dead Sasquatch or a skeleton! Native Americans have told stories about the Sasquatch for hundreds of years. According to the stories, Sasquatch look human, but don’t speak a human language. They sound more like animals. Other stories say they sing like an owl and charm people. The legends also say that sometimes Sasquatch enter camps, or houses, and steal food and children. What do you believe?

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Revolution

Freedom! Freedom! Settlers in America’s 13 original colonies felt that Great Britain ignored their ideas and concerns. In 1775, the colonies went to war with the British. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed. The American Revolution was underway. The fighting ended in 1781 at the Revolution Battle of Yorktown. The colonists had won! In 1783, the Treaty of Paris officially ended the Revolutionary War. While the colonists were fighting for freedom, British explorer James Cook traveled to the Pacific Coast in search of a Northwest Passage and James Cook left reached the Columbia Great Britain on July 12, 1776. He River. Instead of exploring probably never knew the United the river, he traded with States and Britain were at war. He the Indians for beaver and also explored the Arctic Ocean otter fur. Cook left the before he died in 1779. Northwest and sailed across the Pacific to China. 42

Slaves and Slavery Oregon became a U.S. territory in 1849. But two issues kept Oregon from becoming a state until 1859—its size and slavery. People felt the Oregon Territory was too big to be governed as one state. In 1853, the problem was solved when Oregon was divided and the Washington Territory was created. But Oregon’s settlers couldn’t agree on one other issue—whether they wanted slavery or not. Slaves and In 1844, slavery was declared illegal in Slavery Oregon country. However, the Lash Law was passed which required blacks, both free and slave, be whipped twice a year until they left the territory. When Oregon became a free state in 1859, it was the first state admitted with an exclusion law which banned blacks from the state. In 1865, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

Word Definition

ABOLITIONIST: person who believed slavery was wrong and should be ended

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The Civil War

The Civil War was fought between the American states. The argument was over states’ rights to make their own decisions, including whether or not to own slaves. Some of the southern states began to secede (leave) the Union. They formed the Confederate States of America. Some Oregon The Civil War settlers weren’t pleased that Oregon was admitted as a free state. They tried to start a proslavery state in southern Oregon and northern California, but that idea was voted down. The Civil War’s battles didn’t touch Oregon, but the war had a great impact on Oregon’s economy. Sheep in the Willamette Valley provided wool for blankets, uniforms, and other goods to the Union. 44

The Civil War

In 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation, given by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, freed the slaves still under Confederate control. Some slaves became sharecroppers; others went to Northern states to work in factories.

The Civil War was also called the War Between the States. Soldiers often found themselves fighting against former friends and neighbors, even brother against brother. Those who did survive often went home without an arm, leg, or both, since amputation was the “cure” for most battlefield wounds. More Americans were killed during the Civil War than during World Wars I and II together!

The Civil War

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Famous Documents

Get It In Writing! 1776 Declaration of Independence 1789 US Constitution Famous Documents

1814 Treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 1843 Organic Law established a government and court system 1857 State constitution

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Immigrants

Welcome To America! People have come to Oregon from other states and many other countries on almost every continent! As time goes by, Oregon’s population grows more diverse. This means that people of different races and from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds have moved Immigrants to Oregon. In the past, many immigrants have come to Oregon from China, Japan, Italy, and Greece. More recently, people have migrated to Oregon from Hispanic countries such as Mexico. Only a certain number of immigrants are allowed to move to America each year. Many of these immigrants eventually become U.S. citizens.

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Disasters & Catastrophes!

1910

Czarina sinks in Coos Bay after crashing on the south spit (a low sandy area that juts out into a sea or lake); 22 people are killed

1933

Tillamook Burn wipes out 240,000 acres (97,126 hectares) of Disasters & timber in less than a day, coats ships Catastrophes! 500 miles (804.6 kilometers) at sea with ashes

1979

Ice storm hits Portland, five people die in accidents as a result of the storm

1996

Oregon’s waterways overflow due to heavy snowstorms, warm temperatures, and torrential rains; eight people die 48

Legal Stuff

1850 Oregon Donation Law gave 320 acres (129 hectares) of land to any citizen who farmed in Oregon for four years; married men are eligible for an additional 320 acres (129 hectares)

1844

Slavery becomes illegal in Oregon, but Lash Law is approved requiring black citizens be whipped twice a year until they leave the territory; punishment is Legal Stuff later changed to forced labor

1859 1862 Oregon adopts a law requiring blacks, Asians, and Exclusion Law bans blacks from Oregon

people of mixed race to pay a yearly tax of $5

1868

15th Amendment granting citizenship to blacks passes in Oregon

1926

Oregon repeals the Exclusion Law

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Women & Children

1834

First school opens at French Prairie

1869

SCHOOL

First public high school is established Women & Children

1912

Women gain right to vote in Oregon

1976

Norma Paulus is elected secretary of state, the first woman to hold statewide public office

1990

Barbara Roberts is elected as Oregon’s first woman governor 50

Wars

Fight! Fight! Fight! Wars that impacted Oregon include: ● War of 1812 ● Mexican-American War ● Cayuse War ● Civil War ● Modoc War ● Nez Percé Conflict ● Spanish-American War ● World War I ● World War II ● Korean War ● Vietnam War ● Persian Gulf War

Wars

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Claim to Fame

Coast with the Most

Oregon’s Pacific Coast remains as beautiful today as it was when explorers first sailed into the area. Oregon’s coastline is very different from California’s warm, sandy beaches. Rocky cliffs line the shore. The water is usually icy cold, even in the summer. Oregon has 200 miles (321.9 kilometers) of public beaches. Waves and windblown sand have sculpted offshore rocks into unique shapes over the years with names like Haystack Rock, the Needles, and Otter Rock. Claim to Fame The Oregon Dunes Recreation Area near Florence stretches 45 miles (72.4 kilometers) along the coast. Some of the dunes are more than 500 feet (152.4 meters ) high. Beach Drive between Gearheart and Fort Stevens State Park is the only place where motorists can drive their cars on the beach. Nature trails at Cape Lookout take hikers through a typical coastal rain forest. Whale watching is a popular activity on the coast. Favorite viewing spots include Cape Meares State Park near Tillamook, Umpqua Lighthouse State Park in Winchester Bay, and Yaquina Bay in Newport.

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Indian Tribes Klamath Modoc Paiute Nez Percé Chinook Shoshone Cayuse Walla Walla Yakima Yaquina Tututni The Klamath and Modoc were sometimes called “pit Indians” because their houses were dugout pits covered by branches, grass, and tree bark. Indian Tribes

Religion was important in the lives of Oregon’s Indians. Although the practices varied from tribe to tribe, many beliefs were The Indians of common. The tribes all Oregon could not believed in a great creator, have known that most often represented by the coming of the white man would the coyote. The Indians also mean an end to believed that the soul leaves the way of life they had known the body after death and for hundreds of goes to a years. wonderful spirit world.

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Explorers and Settlers

Here, There, Everywhere! In 1775, Spanish explorers Bruno Heceta and Juan Francisco Bodega y Quadra sailed to a large bay and the mouth of a great river—the Columbia River. British Captain James Cook drew maps of the Oregon coast while searching for a Northwest Passage in 1776. In 1792, American Robert Gray named the Columbia River after his ship, the Columbia. British Captain George Vancouver also sailed along the Oregon coast in 1792. He sent Lieutenant William Broughton to explore the Columbia Explorers River. Broughton traveled 200 miles upstream and Settlers and claimed all the land on either side of the river for Great Britain. Explorer and surveyor John Charles Frémont mapped the Oregon Trail on his first trip to Oregon country in 1842. Bon Voyage!

N E

W

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State Founders

Founding Fathers Dr. John McLoughlin was chosen as the “Father of Oregon” in 1957. An agent for the Hudson’s Bay Company, McLoughlin helped pioneers and missionaries settling in Oregon and founded Oregon City in 1842. Hall Kelley and Nathaniel Wyeth from Boston led a group of settlers to Oregon in 1834 and settled in the Willamette Valley. Missionaries Jason and Daniel Lee were the first Protestant clergy to bring Christianity to the Indians.

Founding Mothers

State Founders

Tabitha Moffat Brown was named the “Mother of Oregon” by the 1987 Legislature. At the age of 66, she paid for her own wagon and made the trip from Missouri to Oregon. She started a boarding school for orphans which eventually became Pacific University.

Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Spalding were the first women to make the trip across the Rocky Mountains to Oregon country. They came with their missionary husbands. 55

Famous African-Americans James DePreist triumphed over polio and became conductor of the Oregon Symphony Orchestra. Marcus Lopez was the first person of African descent to set foot in Oregon in 1788. He was Robert Gray’s cabin boy. Jacob Vanderpool, a boardinghouse owner in Salem, was the only person known to be kicked out of Oregon Territory because of his skin color.

Famous AfricanAmericans

Moses Harris, A.K.A. Black Harris and Black Squire, was a wagon train guide on the Oregon Trail. He helped rescue stranded settlers on the Applegate Trail.

Rose Jackson came west as a slave to the Allen family. Because of the Exclusion Law, the Allens smuggled Jackson across the Oregon Trail in a box with air holes. She could only come out at night. When her owner, Dr. William Allen, died, she helped support his family.

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Otto and Verdell Rutherford fought to pass Oregon’s 1953 civil rights law which outlawed discrimination in hotels, motels, restaurants, and recreational facilities.

Ghosts

D O Y

O

U

Cannon Beach is home to the Bandage Man. The bloody, foul smelling man is completely covered in bandages and jumps into cars on a road leading out of town. He sometimes breaks windows and leaves a terrible smell in the car. The Hot Lake Hotel is a deserted resort in Lagrande. People have heard footsteps, a piano playing, screams, and occasionally, a party on the third floor. Cold spots, voices, a woman’s cry, and a door that won’t stay open have been reported at the White Eagle Cafe and Saloon in Portland. Charles Applegate and his family of 15 lived in Yoncalla’s Applegate House. People have reported the sounds of voices, footsteps, crying babies, and fiddle and banjo music.

B ELIEVE

IN

Ghosts

G H O S T S?

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Sports Stuff Bob Lilly—football Larry Mahan—rodeo Terry Baker—football Norm Van Brocklin— football Dan Fouts—football Ahmad Rashad—football Bill Walton—basketball Dale Murphy—baseball Dave Kingman—baseball OLYMPIC ATHLETES Mary Decker Slaney—Olympic runner Steve Sports Prefontaine—Olympic runner Stuff Alberto Salazar—Olympic runner Amy Martin—Olympic rower Courtney Becker Dey—Olympic sailor Tiffeny Milbrett—Olympic soccer player Chris Thompson—Olympic swimmer Lance Deal—Olympic hammer thrower Andrew Hermann—Olympic walker Marla Runyan—Olympic runner Matt Lindland—Olympic wrestler Don Schollander—Olympic swimmer Dick Fosbury—Olympic high jumper 58

Entertainers Matt Groening—cartoonist Jane Powell—singer, actress Ginger Rogers—dancer, actress Doc Severinsen—musician, band leader Gus Van Sant—filmmaker, director Edgar Buchanan—actor Sally Struthers—actress

Entertainers

Lindsey Wagner— actress Bridgette Wilson— actress Ben Masters—actor Lisa Rinna—actress Chad Mitchell—singer 59

Authors ✒ Jonathan Carver—author, wrote the first written reference to Oregon in Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America ✒ Frederic Homer Balch—writer, author of mystical novel The Bridge of the Gods ✒ John Reed—journalist, wrote Ten days That Shook the World, the story of the 1917 Russian Revolution ✒ H.L. Davis—novelist, won 1936 Pulitzer Prize ✒ Mary Jane Carr—novelist, specializes in books for young people ✒ Ken Kesey—novelist; his best-sellers, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and Sometimes a Great Notion, were turned into movies ✒ Ursula Le Guin—science-fantasy and children’s author Authors ✒ Beverly Cleary—children’s writer, bestknown books include the “Ramona” and “Henry Huggins” series ✒ Phyllis McGinley—poet, won 1961 Pulitzer Prize Question? ✒ Ernest Haycox—novelist, What is the name of screenwriter Henry ✒ Cincinnatus Hiner Huggins’ dog? (Joaquin) Miller—poet, wrote about life in the West ✒ Frances Fuller Victor— poet, writer, historian ANSWER: Ribsy

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Artists David Kennerly—photographer Richard Diebenkorn—abstract painter Henry Warre—artist, painted Oregon City in the 1840s John Mix Stanley—artist, painted portraits of Oregon pioneers including John McLoughlin Olin Warner—sculptor, designed Skidmore Fountain Alice Cooper—sculptor Harry Wentz and Clayton (C.S.) Price—painters, teachers for the Portland Art Association

Artists

Carl Morris, Louis Bunce, and Michele Russo—painters, inspired by Oregon’s outdoors Pietro Belluschi and John Yeon—architects; known for Northwest Style, buildings that were designed to flow naturally into their environment 61

Very Important People Sarah Winnemucca—first Native American to publish a book in English; served U.S. Army as a translator and scout James Beard—food expert Medoram Crawford—pioneer, kept a journal on his trip west in 1842 Abigail Scott Duniway—women’s rights leader; helped women gain the right to vote

Very Important People

Captain Jack—Modoc leader; returned with his people to their homeland rather than live on a reservation with their enemies, the Klamath tribe

Chief Joseph—Nez Percé chief; tried to lead his people to Canada rather than live on a reservation Henry Kaiser—industrialist; oversaw construction of the Bonneville Dam

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Asa Lovejoy and Francis Pettygrove— founders of Portland

More Very Important People Joseph Meek—mountain man; convinced Congress to make Oregon a territory Sacagawea—Shoshone Indian; served as a guide and translator for Lewis and Clark expedition Henry Villard—businessman; organized Oregon Railway and Navigation Company which linked Oregon to the East Ewing Young—pioneer, led the men who brought cattle to Oregon from California David Douglas—explorer, botanist; Douglas fir is named in his honor More Very Important People

Brent Musburger— sportscaster Linus Carl Pauling— chemist; earned 1954 Nobel Prize in chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership in opposing the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere Douglas Engelbart— inventor

Joseph Meek was a U.S. marshal in Oregon Territory and a legislator for Oregon’s provisional government.

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Political Leaders George Abernethy—provisional governor of Oregon Country Mark O. Hatfield—U.S. senator, earned national reputation as independent, progressive Republican Joseph Lane—first governor of Oregon Territory, U.S. senator Douglas McKay—governor, served as secretary of the interior under President Dwight D. Eisenhower Richard Lewis Neuberger—writer, U.S. senator Maurine Brown Neuberger—teacher, state legislator; elected to U.S. Senate after death of her husband, Richard Lewis Neuberger Political Herbert Hoover—U.S. Leaders president; lived with his aunt and uncle in Newberg after his parents died Neil Goldschmidt—governor; served as secretary of transportation under President Jimmy Carter Robert Packwood—U.S. senator; noted for independence John A. Kitzhaber, M.D.—governor; elected in 1994, re-elected 1998 64

Good Guys, Patriots, and Heroes Richmond Kelley Turner—U.S. Navy admiral; planned and led many American assaults in the Pacific during World War II Garner Ted Armstrong—evangelist William Simon U’Ren—political reformer, state legislator; worked to bring direct voter participation to state government Samuel Barlow—pioneer, cleared Barlow Road in 1846 and made it safer to travel to Oregon Pierre-Jean De Smet— Jesuit missionary, called “Black Robe” by the Indians, known for his honesty and fairness Thomas Lawson McCall—governor, radio and television journalist; worked to clean up rivers, made stricter laws governing land use, and restricted development on Oregon’s coast

Good Guys, Patriots, and Heroes

Admiral Richmond Kelley Turner planned the naval assaults Iwo Jima and the Marshall Islands during World War II.

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Churches and Schools

Keeping the Faith CHURCHES

First Christian Church, Pleasant Hill— organized in 1850, first of its denomination in Oregon Tualatin Plains Presbyterian Church, Hillsboro— built in 1878, unusual eight-sided steeple John Day Historic Church—designed by Samuel Hope, example of Gothic Revival architecture Gresham Pioneer Church—built 1886 Old Church, Portland—built 1883, Carpenter Gothic architecture St. Boniface Catholic Church, Sublimity—built 1889 St. Peters Landmark Church, The Dalles—built 1898, six-foot (1.82-meter) rooster on tallest spire

SCHOOLS

Willamette University, Salem—first college in the Far West, established as Oregon Churches Institute and Schools

Lewis and Clark College, Portland University of Portland Oregon State University, Corvallis University of Oregon, Eugene Reed College, Portland Pacific Northwest College of the Arts, Portland Pacific University, Forest Grove

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Historic Sites and Parks

HISTORIC SITES Lava Lands, near Bend— wonderland of volcanic formations found in Deschutes National Forest, home of the world’s largest forest of lava-cast trees Jacksonville—designated a National Historic District; founded as a gold rush town in 1851 Methodist Mission Parsonage and Jason Lee Home, Salem—restored buildings of mission established by Jason Lee Nez Percé Historical Park—made up of 38 different locations in Oregon and three other states, honors the Nez Percé Indians Historic

Kam Wah Chung & Co., John Day— Sites and Parks restored building that served as trading post in the 1860s, record of town’s history and Chinese community that came in the gold rush days. Champoeg State Park, Saint Paul— French Canadian and U.S. settlers voted to organize a provisional government here in 1843 67

Home, Sweet Home!

✮

✮

HISTORICAL HOMES

McLoughlin House National Historic Site, Oregon City—built in 1845–56 by the Father of Oregon, John McLoughlin Barclay House, Oregon City—dates from 1849 Flavel House, Astoria—built in 1885 by a Columbia River bar pilot for his family

✮

Hughes House, Port Orford—built in 1898 by architect Per Johan Lindley, can be seen 8 miles (12.9 kilometers) away in Sixes Home, Sweet Home!

James F. Bybee House, Sauvie Island—Greek Revival house built in 1858 by James Bybee, a county commissioner and horse breeder

Bush House, Salem—built by Ansel Bush in 1878, has 10 Italian marble fireplaces Mahonia Hall, Salem—governor’s residence, Tudor mansion built in 1930 68

✮

Battles and Forts One of Oregon’s famous

Battles

● Battle Rock, Port Orford—site of a fierce battle between gold seekers and Coquille Indians in 1851

A few of Oregon’s famous

Forts

● Fort Stevens State Park, near Astoria—military reservation that guarded the mouth of the Columbia River from the Civil War–World War II; attacked by a Japanese submarine during World War II, but suffered no damage ● Fort Dalles, The Dalles—established in 1849 to protect Oregon Trail pioneers

Battles and Forts

● Fort Klamath, south of Crater Lake—established in 1863 to protect settlers ● Fort Astoria, Astoria—fur trading post established by John Jacob Astor; captured by the British during the War of 1812 and renamed Fort George, later became Fort Astoria once more

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Libraries Check out the following special state libraries! (Do you have a library card? Have you worn it out yet?!) Multnomah County Public Library, Portland—state’s oldest and largest public library University of Oregon Library, Eugene Oregon State Library, Salem—has more than 1.4 million cataloged items, including many government items Oregon State University Library, Corvallis Oregon Historical Society Library, Portland—collection includes pioneer memorabilia and Native American artwork Libraries The library system in Portland was the first west of the Rocky Mountains. The first library opened in Oregon City in 1834.

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Zoos and Attractions Metro Washington Park Zoo, Portland Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport Western Deer Park and Arboretum, Sheridan Petersen Rock Gardens, between Redmond and Bend Prehistoric Gardens, between Port Orford and Gold Beach Wildlife Safari, near Roseburg Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Burns Sea Lion Caves, near Florence International Rose Test Garden, Portland Oaks Park Amusement Park, Portland Enchanted Forest, Turner Thrillville U.S.A., Turner Church of Elvis, Portland Zoos and Attractions

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Museums High Desert Museum, Bend Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, Portland Siuslaw Pioneer Museum, Florence Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport Heritage Museum, Astoria Portland Art Museum Fort Dalles Historical Museum End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center, Oregon City Jacksonville Museum of Southern Oregon History Oregon Trail Regional Museum, Baker Eastern Oregon Museum, Haines Schminck Memorial Museum, Lakeview Oregon Historical Society Museum, Portland World Forest Center, Portland Children’s Museum, Portland Museums

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Monuments and Memorials

MONUMENTS John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, near John Day—14,000-acre (5665.8-hectare) area containing fossils of plants and animals that lived there 45 million years ago Oregon Caves National Monument, near Cave Junction—unusual limestone rock formations including Paradise Lost, The River Styx, Petrified Garden, and Banana Grove

MEMORIALS Nez Percé Indian Cemetery, Wallowa Lake— grave of Old Chief Joseph is marked by a stone shaft; Old Chief Joseph and his Monuments and band of Nez Percé lived in Wallowa Memorials County before settlers came Fort Clatsop National Memorial, Astoria— reconstruction of the fort where Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1805–1806 Skidmore Fountain, Portland—named for Stephen Skidmore, one of six commissioners Portland sent to Paris Exposition in 1878 73

The Arts Britt Amphitheater, Jacksonville—festivals showcase a variety of music and performers during the summer in Oregon’s premier outdoor music venue University of Oregon Museum of Art, Eugene—famed for its collection of Oriental art Hult Center for the Performing Arts, Eugene— home of Eugene Symphony, Eugene Opera, and Oregon Mozart Players Portland Center for the Performing Arts—largest stage complex in Oregon; four separate theaters are home to Oregon Ballet Theater, Portland Opera Association, Oregon Symphony, and others The Arts

To be, or not to be involved in the arts, that is the question. What is your answer?

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Elizabethan Stage, Ashland—exact replica of London’s Fortune Theater, home of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival

Seashores & Lighthouses

SEASHORES Oregon has 367 miles (591 kilometers) of coastline but has few natural harbors or bays.

LET THERE BE LIGHT! Cape Arago Lighthouse, near North Bend and Coos Bay Cape Blanco Lighthouse, near Port Orford Cape Meares Lighthouse, near Tillamook Coquille River Lighthouse, near Bandon Heceta Head Lighthouse, near Florence Seashores & Yaquina Bay Lighthouse, Lighthouses Newport Tillamook Rock Lighthouse, between Cannon Beach and Seaside Umpqua River Lighthouse, near Reedsport Yaquina Head Lighthouse, north of Newport 75

Roads and Bridges!

Roads Hells Canyon Byway—winds from Elgin to Hells Canyon through the Wallowa Valley Aufderheide National Scenic Byway— drive from Blue River to the Middle Fork of the Willamette River through the Willamette National Forest Cascade Lakes Highway—Bend to Sunriver through the Deschutes National Forest Rogue Umpqua Scenic Byway—Follow the North Umpqua and Rogue Rivers from Roseburg to Prospect Columbia River Gorge—travels the length of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area from Troutdale, Oregon, to Maryhill Museum of Art, Washington

Bridges Bridge of the Gods—spans the Columbia River at Cascade Locks Roads and Office Covered Bridge, Bridges! Westfir—longest covered bridge in Oregon McCullough Bridge, Coos Bay-North Bend—one of the longest bridges built by the Works Project Administration along the Oregon coast Hawthorne Bridge, Portland—built in 1910, the oldest operating vertical lift bridge in the U.S. Steel Bridge, Portland—double-deck roadway and railway bridge

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Rocks and Caverns Newberry National Volcanic Monument, near Bend—longest known uncollapsed lava tube in the state Albert Rim, Alvord Desert—the longest exposed earthquake fault in North America Smith Rock, on the Crooked River near Prineville—a cluster of vertical stone columns 300 to 500 feet (91.4 to 152.4 meters) high Stein’s Pillar, near Prineville—a single stone column that rises 350 feet (106.7 meters) out of the pine forest Malheur Cave, near Malheur Lake—an underground lava bubble with a 30-foot (9.1-meter) lake Saddle Butte Lava Tube Question: Area, near Malheur • Which is the Lake—an 80-square mile stalagmite? (207-square kilometer) lava field honeycombed with caves • Which is the

Rocks and Caverns

stalactite? Answer: Stalactites are long, tapering formations hanging from the roof of a cavern, produced by continuous watery deposits containing certain minerals. The mineral-rich water dripping from stalactites often forms conical stalagmites on the floor below.

Word SPELUNKER: a person who goes exploring caves for fun Definition

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Animals

Oregon’s Animals include: Antelopes Beavers Bighorn Sheep Black Bears Bobcats

Animals

Coyotes Deer Elk Foxes Minks Mountain Goats Mountain Lions Minks Muskrats Nutrias Opossums Otters Rabbits Squirrels Lizards Salamanders Bighorn sheep can be found in the Cascade Mountains, while antelope live in the eastern plains.

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Wildlife Watch Take a Walk on the Wild Side!

Some endangered Oregon animals are: Short-tailed Albatross Fender’s Blue Butterfly Oregon Chug Columbian White-Tailed Deer Brown Pelican Sockeye Salmon Leatherback Sea Turtle Lost River Sucker Shortnose Sucker Humpback Whale

Some threatened Oregon animals are: Oregon Silverspot Butterfly Bald Eagle Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Aleutian Canada Goose Canada Lynx Northern Spotted Owl Chinook Salmon Green Sea Turtle Oregon is Steller Sea Lion 51 to home Bull Trout threatened Lahontan Cutthroat Trout and

Wildlife Watch

endangered plant and animal species.

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Birds You may spy these

birds in Oregon:

Chuckar Partridges Cormorants Cranes Ducks Falcons Geese Grouse Gulls Owls Pelicans Pheasant Plovers Quails A Snipes hummingbird’s wings beat 75 Swans Birds times a second—so fast Turkeys that you only see a blur! They make short squeaky sounds, but do not sing.

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Insects

Don’t let these Oregon bugs bug you! Mole Crickets Field Crickets Earwigs Treehoppers Bumblebee Stink Bugs Shield Bugs Squash Bugs Milkweed Bugs Lacewings Dragonfly Ant Lions Click Beetles Dragonflys Water Striders Ladybug Beetles Carpenter Ants Ladybug Field Cricket Do we know any of these bugs?

Maybe... Hey, that ladybug is cute!

Whirligig beetles have two pairs of eyes—one pair looks above the water, the other under it!

Ants

Praying Mantis

Insects

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Rays, Crustaceans, and Fish Swimming in Oregon’s waters: Skates Barracudas Great Ocean Sunfish Squids Sharks Tuna Crabs Salmon Halibut Perch Striped Bass Sturgeon Steelhead Trout

Rays, Crustaceans, and Fish

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Pond and Sea Life In Oregon’s waters, you may find: Turtles Toads Frogs Mussels Whales Dolphins Harbor Porpoises Sea Lions Seals

Salmon in the Pacific Northwest breed in rivers, then the young return to the sea to mature.

Pond and Sea Life

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Seashells She sell

s

seashells by the Oregon seash ore !

Chiton Abalone Limpet Top Shell Cerith

Seashells

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Periwinkle Slipper Shell Moon Shell Murex Olive Shell

A mussel is also known as a clam. They live on rocks or pilings and share the space with other animals.

Bubble Shell Oyster Scallop Ship Worm Mussel

I work out to build my “mussels”!

Trees These trees tower over Oregon: Douglas Fir Lodgepole Pine Western Spruce Hemlock Juniper Western Red Cedar Black Walnut Ponderosa Pine Sitka Spruce Shadbush Alder Port Orford Cedar Quaking Aspen Bigleaf Maple

Trees

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Wildflowers s? lower f Are you cr n azy ego about these Or

Violet Trillium Columbine Jacob’s Ladder Wood Anemone Black-eyed Susan Indian Paintbrush Buttercup Goldenrod Chicory

Wildflowers

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Butter-and-eggs Queen Anne’s Lace Fireweed Oxeye Daisy Lupine Cattail Monkeyflower Wild Blue Iris Oregon Grape

Do you ever think you would eat Butter-and-Eggs for a sore throat? Early settlers used this beautiful yellow and orange flower to make a medicine that soothed a scratchy throat!

Flower Power!

Cream of the Crops Agricultural products from Oregon:

HAY

POTATOES

APPLES

HOPS SWEET CORN

GREEN PEAS

DAIRY PRODUCTS

SNAP BEANS BEEF CATTLE ONIONS CHERRIES SUGAR BEETS BLACKBERRIES

Cream of the Crops

PEARS STRAWBERRIES

WHEAT

BARLEY

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First/Big/Small/Etc. Oregon has more ghost towns than any other state. The deepest river gorge in the U.S. is Hells Canyon at 8,000 feet (2,438.4 meters). Sea Lion Caves are the largest sea caves in the world. Silver Falls State Park is the largest state park in Oregon. It has 11 waterfalls. The largest cheese factory in the state is in Tillamook. The longest of the overland routes west was the Oregon Trail. The most photographed lighthouse in the U.S. is the Heceta Head Lighthouse. The first commercial filbert orchard in the state was Dorris Ranch in Springfield.

First/Big/ Small/Etc.

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Portland is the only city to have a volcano within its city limits—Mount Tabor.

Festivals

Cel eb

ra t

Pendleton Round-up—September Shakespeare Festival, Ashland— July–September Rose Festival, Portland—June State Fair, Salem—September Sled Dog Races, Bend and Union Creek— January–February Pear Blossom Festival, Medford—April All Northwest Barber Shop Ballad Contest and Gay Nineties Festival, Forest Grove—May All Indian Rodeo, Tygh Valley—May Cannon Beach Sandcastle Contest—May Bach Summer Music Festival, Eugene—June World Championship Timber Carnival, Albany—July Buckeroo, Molalla—July World Class Windsurfing, Hood River—July Regatta, Astoria—August Big Wagon Days, Oregon City—August Festivals Grasshopper Roping Festival, Monument—July 89

e!!!

Holidays

Calendar Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, 3rd Monday in January

Groundhog Day February 2

Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February

Memorial Day, last Monday in May

Independence Day, July 4

Labor Day, 1st Monday in September

Columbus Day, 2nd Monday in October

Veterans Day, November 11

Thanksgiving, 4th Thursday in November

Holidays

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Oregon celebrates its admission to the U.S. on February 14.

Christmas, Chanukah, Kwanzaa, Vietnamese Tet, and Chinese New Year are all special celebrations in Oregon.

gon is fa e r m

O

Famous Food o

us for …

the following foods! Salmon Steaks Tillamook Cheese Cranberry Sauce Cherry Pie Boiled Crabs Seafood Chowder Spiced Pears Yum, yum. This is great!

Baked Apples Grilled Steak Indian Fry Bread Fresh Oysters Plum Cobbler Cake Ginger Date Nut Cake Let’s dig in! Famous Food

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Business & Trade Oregon Works! Oregon has a diverse economy with several major industries including forestry, manufacturing, agriculture, and fish and wildlife. Nearly one-third of Oregon’s jobs are provided by forestry and related industries such as the production of lumber, paper, plywood, and furniture. Since 1938, Oregon has been the largest producer of lumber in the U.S. High technology is the fastestgrowing area in manufacturing. Software, electronic measurement devices, computers, and electronic equipment are made in Oregon. Oregon is a leading producer of Christmas trees, filberts (hazelnuts), raspberries, grass seed, peppermint, and blackberries. More than 80 percent of the agricultural products raised in Oregon go out of state and to other countries. Tourism Today’s commercial brings in fishing catch about includes snapper, $1 billion a salmon, sole, and year to whiting. Oregon’s economy. Business & Trade

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Oregon Books & Websites My First Book About Oregon by Carole Marsh America the Beautiful: Oregon by W. Scott Ingram Kids Learn America by Patricia Gordon and Reed C. Snow Let’s Discover the States: Oregon by the Aylesworths The Oregon Experience Series by Carole Marsh

Cool Oregon

Websit

http://www.s tate.or.us

es

http://www.t heoregonexp erience.com http://www.5 0states.com http://www.n etstate.com

Oregon Books & Websites

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Glossary

Oregon

G LO S S A R Y W O R D S

Glossary

Glossary

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constitution—a document outlining the role of a government emancipation—to be set free missionary—a person who teaches their religion to others of different beliefs plain—a large area of flat, or nearly flat, land rendezvous—a large meeting of fur trappers, traders, and Indians that took place once a year revolution—the overthrow of a government secede—to voluntarily give up being part of an organized group territory—an area of a country that is not a state, but has a separate, organized government valley—an area of low land between hills or mountains

Spelling List

Oregon Spelling Bee

SPELLING WORDS

Here are some special Oregon-related words to learn! To take the Spelling Bee, have someone call out the words and you spell them aloud or write them on a piece of paper.

Cascades Chinook Columbia endangered evergreen hemlock lumber missionary mountain northwest

Pacific pioneer potlatch rhododendron salmon Sasquatch Tillamook transcontinental volcano Willamette Spelling List

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About the Author About the Author... CAROLE MARSH has been writing about Oregon for more than 20 years. She is the author of the popular Oregon State Stuff Series for young readers and creator along with her son, Michael Marsh, of Oregon Facts and Factivities, a CD-ROM widely used in Oregon schools. The author of more than 100 Oregon books and other supplementary educational materials on the state, Marsh is currently working on a new collection of Oregon materials for young people. Marsh correlates her Oregon materials to the Oregon learning standards. Many of her books and other materials have been inspired by or requested by Oregon teachers and librarians. You know… that was a great experience!

Sure was! Thanks for taking me along.

EDItorial Assistant: About the Author

Pam Dufresne

GRAphic DesignerS: DEsigners: Graphic Kathy Zimmer and Lisa Stanley

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Good Uses For Your State Pocket Guide: Study for tests! Prepare reports! Find quick answers! Amaze your friends! Impress adults! Win trivia games! Get Smart and Have Fun!!

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Come with us—explore your state!

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This small handheld computer is your guide within a guide! All through this book it will offer fascinating little facts about your state!