The Apocalypse of Elijah: Based on P. Chester Beatty 2018 (Pseudepigrapha series)

THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH

Society of Biblical Literature

V|BJ

TEXTS A N D T R A N S L A T I O N S PSEUDEPIGRAPHA SERIES

Harold W . Attridge, Editor

Texts and Translations 19 Pseudepigrapha Series 9

THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH based on P. CHESTER B E A T T Y 2018 by Albert Pietersma and Susan Turner Comstock with Harold W . Attridge

THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH based on P. CHESTER BEATTY 2018

Coptic text edited and translated by Albert Pietersma and Susan Turner Comstock with Harold W . Attridge

Scholars Press

Distributed by Scholars Press 101 Salem Street P.O. Box 2268 Chico, California 95927

THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH based on P. CHESTER B E A T T Y 2018 by Albert Pietersma and Susan Turner Comstock with Harold W . Attridge Copyright © 1981 Society o f Biblical Literature

Library of Congress Cataologing in Publication Data Bible, O . T . Apocryphal books. A p o c a l y p s e o f Elijah. Coptic. 1979. The

apocalypse o f Elijah.

(Pseudepigrapha and

series;

9 ISSN

translations—Society

0145-3238)

(Texts

o f Biblical Literature;

19

I S S N 0145-3203). In

English

and

Coptic; introductory

matter

in

English. Coptic te"xt reproduced from ms. copy. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. I.

Pietersma,

Albert.

II.

Comstock,

Susan

T u r n e r . I I I . A t t r i d g e , Harold W . I V . Chester

Beatty

Library. M S S - ( P a p . 2018) V . Bible. O . T . Apocryphal books. A p o c a l y p s e o f Elijah. English. 1979 V I . T i t l e . V I I . Series. V I I I . Series: Society o f Biblical Literature. T e x t s and translations; 19. BS1830.E45C66 1979 ISBN

229\913

79-24788

0-89130-371-5

I S B N 0-89130-373-3 pbk.

Printed in the United States o f A m e r i c a 1

2

3

4

5

Edwards Brothers Ann

A r b o r , Michigan 48104

PREFACE TO THE SERIES

TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS is a project of the Committee on Research and Publications of the Society of Biblical Literature and is under the general direction of Kent H. Richards (Iliff School of Theology), Executive Secretary and Leander Keck (Yale Divinity School), Chair­ man of the Committee.

The purpose of the project is to make avail­

able in convenient and inexpensive format ancient texts which are not easily accessible but are of importance to scholars and students of "biblical literature" as broadly defined by the Society. modern English translations will accompany the texts.

Reliable

The following

subseries have been established thus far: PSEUDEPIGRAPHA, edited by Harold W. Attridge (Southern Methodist University) GRECO-ROMAN RELIGION, edited by Hans Dieter Betz (University of Chicago) Edward N. O'Neil (University of Southern California) EARLY CHRISTIAN LITERATURE, edited by Robert L. Wilken (University of Notre Dame) William R. Schoedel (University of Illinois) For the PSEUDEPIGRAPHA SERIES the choice of texts is governed in part by the research interests of the SBL Pseudepigrapha Group, of which John J. Collins (De Paul University) is currently Chairman, and James H. Charlesworth (Duke University) is Secretary.

This series will

focus on Jewish materials from the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman periods and will regularly include the fragmentary evidence of works attributed to biblical personalities, culled from a wide range of Jewish and Christian sources.

The volumes are selected, prepared, and edited in

consultation with the following editorial committee of the Pseudepigra­ pha Group:

Sebastian P. Brock (Cambridge University, England) Robert

A. Kraft (University of Pennsylvania) George W. MacRae (Harvard Divinity School) George W. E. Nickelsburg, Jr. (University of Iowa) Michael E. Stone (Hebrew University, Israel) John Strugnell (Harvard Divinity School).

The current volume differs from the other volumes heretofore published in this series, since it constitutes the editio princeps of a major manuscript witness to the Apocalypse of Elijah.

Hence,

it has seemed desirable to provide a fuller textual apparatus than is normally offered in this series, as well as photographic plates of Papyrus Chester Beatty 2018 and of the Greek fragment of the Apocalypse. Harold W. Attridge, Editor

FOREWORD The editio princeps of P. Chester Beatty inv. 2018 was made possible by a Research Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada which enabled me during the summer of 1977 to study the manuscript first hand.

I wish to express to the Council

my sincere thanks and appreciation for their generous assistance. To the Chester Beatty Library and Gallery of Oriental Art, Dublin, I am grateful for the kind permission granted me to publish this important manuscript of the Library's collection.

In a special

way, I owe a debt of gratitude to the Islamic Curator, Mr. David James who both professionally and socially has, on so many occasions, made my stays in Dublin eminently profitable and enjoyable.

In recognition

and with gratefulness this volume has been dedicated to him and his wife Verna, who always makes their home such a pleasant place to visit. My friend and fellow editor Dr. Susan Comstock has shared in all the work that the present book has entailed.

If it had not been for

her readiness to undertake the venture, this volume would not have come into being.

My gratitude to her is more than I can express.

The Editor of the Pseudepigrapha Texts and Translations, Dr. Harold W. Attridge, has gone far beyond his official duties as Editor of the Series.

For his multifarious contributions to the book he has

more than earned his name on the title page.

Albert Pietersma August 1979

University of Toronto

To David and Vern

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Series Preface

v

Foreword

vii

Sigla and Abbreviations

xii

Introduction*

1

Coptic Text and Translation

19

Facsimiles of P. Chester Beatty 2018

67

Appendix:

91

PSI 7

Indices

95

xi

SIGLA AND ABBREVIATIONS Ach Gk Sa

1

Sa

2

Sa

3

see Introd. p. 1

c

corrected reading (in manuscript)

l n c

incertum (uncertain reading of ms.)

om

omit(s)

pr

preceded by

tr (post)

transposed (after)

v

ut videtur (apparent reading of ms.)

^

vs.

versus uncertain letter

= (in app. crit.)

equivalent (but not identical) reading original reading (of ms.) 1

<

>

editors addition

{

}

editors' deletion

[

]

editors' reconstruction

I

1

>

scribal deletion resulting in

<

resulting from

t

verso side (of folio) recto side (of folio)

1° etc.

first occurrence etc.

xii

INTRODUCTION The manuscripts: Berlin, staatl. Museen, Abteilung P. 1862. Six folios [Steindorff 21-26, 35-36, 41-44], in the Achmimic dialect. III/IV century. Papyrus. Edition: Georg Steindorff, Die Apokalypse des Elias* eine ui&e'lipnnte Apokalypse vend Bruchstucke der Sophonias - Apokalypse* koptische Texte, Ubersetzung> Glossar (Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur, Neue Folge. II. Band, Heft 3a), Leipzig 1899. For Achmimic 39, 13-17 and 40, 12-16 see Carl Schmidt, "Der Kolophon ..." p. 321, cited below. Dublin, Chester Beatty Library and Gallery of Oriental Art, 2018 (Acc 1493). Ten folios, in the Sahidic dialect. IV/V century. Papyrus. London, British Museum or. 7594 (colophon). Forty one lines, in the Sahidic dialect. IV century. Papyrus. Edition: Carl Schmidt, "Der Kolophon des Ms. orient 7594 des Britischen Museums. Eine Untersuchung zur Elias-Apokalypse," Sitzungsberichte der Preussisohen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse), Berlin 1925, pp. 312-321. Paris, Bibliotheque Nat., Copte 135. Seven folios [Steindorff 19-20, 27-34, 37-40] in the Achmimic dialect. III/IV century. Papyrus. Six folios [Steindorff 3-14] in the Sahidic dialect. IV/V century. Papyrus. Edition: Steindorff, op, cit. Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, PSI 7. Fragment of 6.5 x 6.5 cm, in Greek. IV century. Papyrus. Editions: E. Pistelli in Papiri greoi e latini (Pubblicazioni della Societa Italiana), vol. 1. Florence 1912, no. 7, pp. 16-17; A. Pietersma, "The Greek Apocalypse of Elijah," Appendix of present monograph. The following abbreviations for the MSS have been employed: = the Achmimic text, Sa colophon text, Sa

3

1

= the Sahidic text of Paris, Sa

2

Ach

= the Sahidic

= the Sahidic text of Chester Beatty, and Gk = PSI 7.

Papyrus Chester Beatty 2018 1.

The manuscript P. Chester Beatty 2018 consists of ten folios, the first five of

which are virtually complete, while the remainder is in somewhat more fragmentary condition but was skillfully reassembled into its present state by Mr. A. F. Shore, formerly of the British Museum, who in 1958 wrote a brief accompanying note for the manuscript.

A total of sixty

seven unplaced fragments were collected into a separate frame.

The

majority of these, however, we were subsequently able to place and re-unite with the manuscript before the final photographs were made. Three of the remaining fragments perhaps deserve brief comment: 1

2/

Apocalypse of Elijah

a.6+

and

(xeye)

may belong on page

a.7+

and

TH

respectively.

(T)*A(Y)

(18)

lines

13-14

to read

(IT)
But since this creates serious

difficulties on the recto side of that folio

( T 2 " 0-7)

these two pieces were left among the unplaced.

lines

12-14)

Further, b . 5 + ( 6 and

x ) may have the initial letters of lines 1 and 2 of page z ( 7 ) with M of ( M ) M ( * Y )

page TT ( 8 ) line 2 on the recto side.

But again, a

number of problems preclude positive identification. The pages of our manuscript were numbered

X-KL ( 1 - 2 0 )

following pagination extant in whole or in part: ©

T

TT V

with the

X

z H

e" ^

T X " I X T £ T H . The leaves formed, apparently, a single quire

of five bifolios, though no conjugate leaves have survived.

In the

first half of the quire, ( X - T ) , verso precedes recto, while the reverse is true for pages

~TX-"K

.

Though no page has been preserved in its

original size, it is clear from what remains that the manuscript had ample margins.

The largest extant leaf (fol. 4 ) measures 1 6 . 7 x 1 9 . 9

cm in totOj with upper and lower margins measuring, at their widest points, 2 . 6 cm (fol. 8 - > ) and 2 cm (fol. 4 + ) respectively.

Righthand

and lefthand margins are 3 . 4 cm (fol. 7 - * ) and 2 . 8 cm (fol. If). The text of the manuscript was written in a single column of approximately 1 4 x 1 7 cm in size.

Whereas the lefthand side of the column is rea­

sonably straight, the righthand side tends to be jagged in places. Lines of writing per column number anywhere from 1 8 (p. 7 ) to 2 4 (p. 1 ) , and spacing between lines varies considerably.

Good examples of this

variation are furnished by folio 3 + and folio 6 + . The number of let­ ters per line may fluctuate between 1 9 and 3 0 , but usually lines con­ sist of

24-26

letters.

An interesting feature of P. Chester Beatty 2 0 1 8 is its sys­ tem of punctuation marks which is apparently original to the manuscript. In addition to supralineation as a mark of syllabicity, which one usually encounters in Coptic manuscripts, a raised point or dot is employed in our manuscript to mark syllabic division while a raised, slanted stroke (') sets off (usually) larger lexical units which may vary in length from a single morpheme (cf. e.g. '*iorr'2,2) to whole clauses.

Dot and stroke are mutually exclusive, but on occasion the

scribe appears to have changed his mind as to which was appropriate in a given instance. Fr'ney* H* 6 i

*' .

To cite but one example, in 8 , 3 we now have

Evidently the scribe meant to write FT* n e y *

H

#

e I ' ,

Introduction /3 but by mistake placed a dot where he should have used a stroke. Attempting to correct his first error he committed a second one by pfacing the stroke first after R and only then where it belongs, namely after

It needs to be stressed, however, that

Mn6yH6i.

although dot and stroke are mutually exclusive, it is by no means clear in every instance which is to be read, since the scribe's fre­ quently elongated dots look at times remarkably like his strokes. Again a few examples will illustrate the difficulty. read

ey

#

#

A I * X M X * XO> T I

#

Z6

' where the dot after

In 10,10 we is elongated and

xi

could be read as a stroke - which is hardly intended. 2 M * Meg * H [ T ] O ' o y ' . How is this to be read?

In 16,6 we have

What separates T O and

O Y must surely be intended as a dot but could easily be read as a stroke.

More difficult to interpret, however, is the mark at the end

of this phrase. be read!

Either stroke or dot would make sense and either can

A further noteworthy fact is that dots are not all formed

in the same way.

In addition to the dots that resemble the familiar

slanted stroke, one also finds, for example, short vertical strokes (') and short diagonal strokes formed from left to right 0 ) .

As one

might expect, neither the dot nor the stroke is used with absolute consistency, though in the case of the former the degree of consisten­ cy is remarkable. one might cite

As an example of inconsistency in this connection

N H ' C T T X

in 3,15.

In the two other fully extant

occurrences of this word we find a different division and again

(3,11).

N H C ' T I ' A

use of the stroke.

(3,3)

N e c ' n ' x

Greater inconsistency exists in the

Let us take as an example the rather frequently

occurring phrase "at that time" expressed either in a plural or singu­ lar construction:

aNNezooy/jfTneaooY

eTMMxy.

T

e

n

times in our

manuscript it occurs without a stroke separating the two main consti­ tuent elements (5,15; 6,1; 7,10.13; 9,9; 10,8.19; 18,4.15.21) but twice we find it with a stroke before

BTMMXY,

without any apparent

difference in meaning being intended. In addition to supralineation, dots and strokes, we find diaeresis on final, medial and initial iota and once on medial upsilon ( neNTXH TAM i 6THYTN

1,6). Interestingly, in the vast majority of

cases the diaeresis is employed together with the supralinear dot. Thus we find

#

#

A 0)A 'I

(2,19); (

-

6 )

2

px

#

7 (1,14; 2,14; 5,12; 7,8.9;

8,12; 9,5.8.9; 10,2.11; 11,11; 14,13; 17,8; 18,6.14);

,

[xoyx]x 'i

4/

Apocalypse of Elijah

(17,1);

#

NA 7

(1,2; 3,1.7; 18,4); ne*7

13,16; 14,7; 16,10; 18,10); (15,1.7);

#

]oY i

#

nx'7 CDT

7*u)T

(7,18) and

#

(10,10);

-

#

(16,15); T A 7

#

nx'7

(1,18; #

(12,19); O Y * * * 7

However, we also encounter

T A 7 (4,18).

(5,18; 12,6.7); are

(6,19).

#

NI OY XJ.' I

#

(e )zpx7

Instances of diaeresis on medial iota #

TX 7 H*OY*

(3,7), and on initial iota

(2,2).

A raised comma or apostrophe appears after final gamma (9,14), medial gamma (4,2.21; 9,16; 19,14), final kappa (9,3; 15,4.6; 17,13; 18,5; 2,2;

19,10; 20,17), final lambda (17,6; 18,1), final tau

(1,4.16;

3,4.6.7.11.16; 4,1.5.19.20; 5,2.2.10.17.18; 6,3.17; 7,9.18;

9,2.6.18.19; 10,9.19; 11,1.2.11; 12,3.6; 13,15; 14,17.18; 15,10; 17,4.11; 18,3.6.10), medial tau (3,5.8; 4,12; 8,16; 9,1; 10,4; 11,8; 13,9.10; 14,17; 15,3; 16,8; 17,13.17; 18,12); + 2 0 , 1 4 .

Like the

diaeresis, the apostrophe is followed by either a raised dot or raised stroke, but, since the latter are mutually exclusive, never by both. Abbreviation of the nomina sacra is limited to (12,10.12; 18,13; 19,5; 20,5.9), and however, we find

xpHCTOC

nN6YMA>nFFX

xp ICTOOXTT

(17,14).

Once,

(13,14), and the full form has been recon­

structed in 18,22 spatii causa.

It is possible, of course, that in

3

1

the latter instance S a had a plus, but neither Sa nor Ach lends support to this assumption. The Chester Beatty Apocalypse of Elijah was written on what Mr. Shore described as papyrus of a poor quality. leaves a good deal to be desired.

Certainly quality

Frequently one finds patches of

twisted, chipped and missing fibers, and in spots the manuscript was left blank due to its inferior state.

One might refer here to 2,11

where a hole in the papyrus forced the scribe to write TT 6 i , or again to 6,7 where a space equivalent to 4 or 5 letters was left blank because of a crack in the writing surface.

Similarly in 7,3-4 we find

blank spaces, and again in lines 15-18 of the same page.

In line 16

of this passage the scribe intended to write

contiguously

N6(TOY**B)

but was forced by the surface to abandon his first effort to write e .

2.

Scribal errors and corrections On the whole P. Chester Beatty 2018 was carelessly written, and a

considerable number of errors escaped detection by the copyist.

Supra-

linear corrections, however, are frequent and vary in length from a

Introduction /5

single letter to a whole line which, due to parablepsis, had been left out.

On page 1 the scribe's eye skipped from

BTMKX

(line 13f.)

to the same word one line lower, with the result that the intervening words dropped out but were restored between the lines.

A rather

interesting instance of supra-linear correction occurs in 17,13. Initially the scribe apparently wrote TToyx I T O Y * required Fee N O Y * •

N G G above the second rather than the first

it - but apparently placed IfOY* •

instead of the

Realizing his mistake, he attempted to correct

Possibly thoroughly disgusted with himself by now, the scribe

at last introduced the appropriate correction, but with the result that his various efforts and the state of the manuscript have given us a somewhat jumbled text. writing.

Well attested also are instances of over­

Thus, for example, in 5,5 an original

GBOC

was corrected to

Twice, words which had been added due to dittography or

6BOX.

2°

because of a misreading of syntax were crossed out: 5

3,2

EHTOY

M r * . Sometimes a mistake was arrested but not crossed out.

and 17, The most

interesting example here is furnished by 10,11 where the scribe was about to write

2 If

twice but realized his mistake in time and left us

a partially written

2.

Marginal additions are limited, as far as one

can determine, to the upper and lower margins. of 7 we have read

TTt-XCDi]

rxeoN,

and

In the lower margin

and in the upper margins of pp. 14 and 18 one can

M6i[x]

respectively.

Before we leave this section an explanatory statement is in order. In the upper apparatus of the present edition a perhaps questionable approach has been followed.

In addition to scribal corrections, all

evidently prima manu, the reader might reasonably expect to find fur­ ther corrections proposed by the editors.

Indeed, a large number of

obvious scribal errors could readily have been corrected, but, since in Coptic it is not always clear where mistakes end and orthographical variants begin, we have refrained from following such a route.

Fur­

thermore, the obvious mistake will present no problem to even amateur Coptologists, while the more ambiguous phenomena deserve more exten­ sive treatment by experts than can be allotted to them in the present context.

There is, moreover, good reason to believe that both the

punctuation and orthography (among other things) of the new text will be subjected in the near future to the detailed scrutiny they deserve.

6/

Apocalypse of Elijah

3.

Date and text On palaeographical grounds Mr. A. F. Shore, in the note to which

reference has been made above, dates the Chester Beatty Apocalypse to the end of the fourth or the beginning of the fifth century A.D. This date is corroborated by a comparison of our manuscript with the most recent work on Coptic palaeography by Maria Cramer,"'" though per­ haps the date is more nearly fifth century than fourth.

If this date

is correct the Chester Beatty manuscript is of approximately the same x

date as Bib. Nat. Copte 135 Sahidic (=Sa ) which has been variously dated to the fourth (Rosenstiehl), fourth/fifth (Shore), and fifth (Carl Schmidt) centuries, and is somewhat younger than both the Achmi­ mic text of Berlin and Paris (third/fourth) and the colophon text of the British Museum (fourth).

One would do well to remember, however,

that dates based on palaeographical evidence alone are subject to a substantial margin of error.

The uncial script of our manuscript, or 2

rather its writing in capitals as E. G. Turner is wont to insist,

is

much closer in character and appearance to the script of Ach and the semi-cursive of Sa

2

than to the more typical 'Coptic Uncial

1

1

of Sa .

The new manuscript of the Apocalypse of Elijah confirms what scholars have long held and what the BM colophon text graphically demonstrated for the first time, namely, that the Elijah apocalypse constitutes a separate, independent work. Sa

1

2

Like Sa but unlike Ach and

our manuscript begins (and ends) with the Apocalypse of Elijah.

It is surprising that the Chester Beatty manuscript ends abruptly in the middle of the speech of "the lawless one," and the line fillers on the concluding line of page 20 suggest that the abrupt termination is not due to the vicissitudes of survival.

At least the immediate

Vorlage of our manuscript must likewise have lacked the concluding pages of the Apocalypse. Before looking at the question of textual affiliation we should perhaps remind ourselves of the fact that not a single one of the four Coptic manuscripts of the Apocalypse of Elijah now at our disposal con­ tains the complete work, but with the fortunate addition of the Chester Beatty manuscript we do now at last possess the complete Apocalypse, Koptische Palaographie, Wiesbaden 1964. 2

Cf. Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World, Princeton N.J. 1971, p. 1.

Introduction /7

and in spite of the many variant readings that separate our four wit­ nesses the unity of the textual tradition deserves to be emphasized. Our most recently discovered witness to this tradition, P. Chester Beatty 2018, apart from furnishing an impressive array of variae leotiones, gives us thirty-four lines of text which were hitherto unknown.

Hence, with the help of our new manuscript and the results

of a re-examination of the codicology of the Achmimic manuscript by Dr. Ibscher (see Carl Schmidt, op. cit., p. 318) the Apocalypse as a whole can now be pieced together as follows: Sa

3

a. 1,1-4,16

Sa

2

Sa

1

b

l,l-2 ,17

Ach 19,1-24,4

b. 4,17-6,16

3,1-4,33

24,4-26,18

c. 6,16-8,14 d. 8,14-13,4

27,1-32,14

e. 13,4-14,17

5,1-6,20

f. 14,17-16,8

6,20-7,35

g. 16,8-20,16

7,35-13,11

h. 20,16-20,23

13,11-13,23

i.

13,23-14,29

j.

14,29-14,33

k.

32,15-34,17

35,1-40,16

41,1-41,3 41,3-44,2

In terms of contents this means: 3

Sa 1,1-4,16 Sa l,1-2^,17

I

The prophet receives his commission

2

Ach 19,1-24,4

II

The seer exhorts the saints and reminds them f

of God s promises A.

The addressees are to refrain from sin

B.

The people are urged to recall God's

and love of the world

acts of mercy, past and future 1.

God sent his son to rescue "us" from "the captivity of this age"

2.

"Thrones and crowns" await those marked by the Name and the seal

3.

God's people will be led in safety by the angels to"the city of God," while sinners will be ruled by the powers of death

8/

Apocalypse of Elijah

III

The end time will see "teachings which are not of God" A.

God's law will be abrogated and his

B.

The godly are not to be deceived

covenant broken

3

Sa 4,17-6,16 Sa 3,l-4,33 Ach 24,4-26,18

1.

God himself instituted the fast

2.

Fasting must be accompanied by

1

holiness

C.

3.

Fasting is efficacious

4.

Prayer must be free from doubt

Being "wise to the times" will render God's people invincible and fearless

IV

The king of the North will appear A.

He will be labelled "king of Assyria" and "unrighteous king"

B. V

He will wreak havoc in Egypt

"A king will arise in the West" A.

He will be called "the king of peace"

B.

He will kill the "unrighteous king" and vent his anger on Egypt

3

Sa 6,16-8,14

C.

By a ruse he will deceive the saints

D.

God will reveal the king's signs to the saints 1.

He will be accompanied by two sons,

2.

The son on the right will have a

one on either side of him

devilish appearance and forsake the name of God E.

The wicked son (on the right) will assassinate his father and assume supreme power 1.

He will issue a decree that "the priests of the land and all the saints" be seized

Introduction /9

2.

Sanctuaries will be closed, homes expropriated and the young be led into captivity

3.

Abominations will be offered and the usurper will exalt himself to heaven

3

Sa 8,14-13,4 Ach 27,1-32,14

4.

Cities and people will be in a state of great distress

VI

"Three kings will arise in Persia" A.

They will settle the Jews of Egypt in Jerusalem

B.

Dissension in Jerusalem will signal the advent of the "lawless one"

C.

War will break out between the kings of Assyria and the kings of Persia

VII

A king from "the city of the sun" will make his appearance A.

He will kill the Assyrian kings in Memphis

B.

He will order the destruction of the heathen and their cults

C.

Sanctuaries will be rebuilt and the wor­ ship of God will be re-instituted

D.

A general state of prosperity and bliss will exist

VIII

In the fourth year of the king of "the city of the sun" the lawless one will present himself A.

He will claim to be the anointed one (christos)

B.

The saints are given the signs by which the true christos can be recognized

3

Sa 13,4-14,17 Sa 5,l-6 20 Ach 32,15-34,17

C.

The lawless one will take his stand in

1

f

"the holy place" and exercise power over all things except death

10/

Apocalypse of Elijah

D.

The signs of the lawless one will be revealed to the saints

E.

Tabitha will hurry to Jerusalem to rebuke him for his acts

3

Sa 14,17-16,8 Sa^,20-7,35

1.

The lawless one will retaliate by , _ . - , pursuing her to the regions of the West, and cast her dead body on the temple

2.

Tabitha will rise from the dead and renew her rebuke

F.

Elijah and Enoch will come to oppose the lawless one 1.

He will fight them "in the agora

2.

Elijah and Enoch will lie dead for

of the great city" for seven days

three and a half days but renew their opposition on the fourth 3

Sa 16,8-20,16 Sa 7,35-13,11 Ach 35,1-40,16

3.

The lawless one will again do battle

J

against them but prove powerless G.

The lawless one will issue orders for the torture and persecution of the saints 1.

Some will succumb to bribery, and receive diminished heavenly glory

2.

Those who persevere will be seated on God's right hand

H.

Sixty chosen righteous will don the armour of God and oppose the lawless one in Jerusalem 1.

In retaliation he will order that

2.

Many will recognize him from his

"the righteous" be sacrificed

acts as an impostor I.

Christos will send his sixty-four thou­ sand angels to the assistance of the

Introduction /ll

saints 1.

Those with the Name and the seal will be removed on angelic wings

2.

Gabriel and Uriel will lead the saints to "the holy land"

J.

The convulsions of nature will evoke from the sinners a reproach against the lawless one

3

Sa ,20,16-20,23 Sa 13,11-13,23

1.

He will weep and bemoan his coming

!

doom

2

Sa 13,23-14,29

2.

He will order the death of the saints Sinners will weep and express their

3.

impotence against the saints 4.

The lawless one will join battle with the saints, but angels will come to their assistance

5.

God will command fire from heaven and earth to consume the sinners and the devil

x

Sa 14,29-14,33 Ach 41,1-41,3

K.

A "just judgement" will take place

(cf. Gk) Ach 41 3-44 2

L.

Elijah and Enoch will annihilate the

'

'

lawless one and his adherents IX

Christos will make his appearance, accom­ panied by the saints A. B.

The old earth will be destroyed Chris.tos will create a new heaven and a new earth

C.

The saints will share his company and that of the angels for a thousand years

12/

4.

Apocalypse of Elijah

Textual affiliation It remains to investigate briefly the textual affiliation of our

manuscript, and its value as a witness to the original text of the Apocalypse of Elijah. Several facts call for emphasis at the outset. In the first place, all our witnesses are fragmentary to a greater or lesser degree, and for that reason no totally accurate assessment can be made of their textual interrelationships.

Secondly, it is beyond

the scope of the present work to reconstruct a critical edition of the Apocalypse of Elijah - if indeed, such an undertaking were deemed possible in detail at our present state of knowledge about this work. We can at best give some pointers in what appears to be the right direction.

Obviously not all of our extant witnesses are of the same

textual value.

In the third place, the enumeration of variant readings

does contain an element of subjectivity, but the margin of variance is of no significant consequence for our purposes.

Finally, though in

3

what follows Sa is the lemma text - and hence "lines of text" (etc.) refers to lines of Sa a.

- no value judgement is implied.

Lines of text 1)

Sa

3

and Sa

2

share 47 lines of text

2)

Sa

3

and Sa

1

share 215 lines of text

Sa

3

and Ach share 340 lines of text

3) b.

3

Number of variants 1)

2

3

1

= 115 = .53 variant per line = 317 = .93 variant per line

Sa versus Sa

2)

Sa versus Sa

3

3)

Ach versus Sa

3

= 9 = .19 variant per line

From tne above figures it is immediately clear that Sa the most closely related and that Sa

3

3

and Sa

2

are

and Ach are the farthest apart.

But in order to get a more complete picture of the various interrela­ tionships we need to pair off the manuscripts, a.

Lines of text Sa

3

2)

Sa

3

3)

Sa Ach and Sa

1)

4)

b.

Sa

2

and Ach share 47 lines

Sa

1

and Ach share 176 lines

3

2

3

1

2

3

share 47 lines

3

share 176 lines

Sa Ach and Sa

5)

Sa Ach and Sa

6)

Sa

1

Ach and Sa

Number of variants

share 47 lines share 176 lines

Introduction / 13 1) 2)

Sa

3

Sa versus Ach = 36 = .77 variant per line

Sa

3

Sa versus Ach = 98 = .56 variant per line

1

3

2

3

1

2

3

1

3

3)

Sa Ach versus Sa = 1 = .02 variant per line

4)

Sa Ach versus Sa = 40 = .23 variant per line

5)

Sa Ach versus Sa = 5 = .11 variant per line

6)

Sa Ach versus Sa = 30 = .17 variant per line 2

What has now further emerged is that Sa is not only closely related 3

to Sa but well-nigh consistently stands with the latter against Ach. 1

It is also clear that S a , which unfortunately shares no text with 2

3

Sa , agrees much more frequently with Sa than with Ach. All the above are, of course, raw figures; that is to say, they tell us nothing about the kinds of variant readings that unite or divide manuscripts. 3

Normally when one is dealing with texts as exten­

1

sive as Sa , Sa and Ach, this fact poses no serious problem, since matters average out.

In the present situation we are, however, faced

with a complicating factor, which has the potential of wreaking havoc with raw figures.

Two (three) of our texts are written in Sahidic

but one in Achmimic, and the dialectical variations between these are imprecisely known.

Let us take one example to illustrate the problem

as we face it in the Apooalypse of Elijah. witnesses we find

6U)NT

Six times in our Sahidic

either as a verb or as a substantive, but in

only one case does Ach read the same word: 1,5

4,1

T6Tir+6u)NT

Sa

Ach (23,4)

HBCDXK

Ach (35,13)

3

1


Sa S a :

18,12

TTH60NT

Sa = S a :

2X9H

n6u)NT

(19,4)

A
17,4

19,9

Ach

1

Sa :

6H6CDNT

TeTN"*J*NoyKC

2

Sa : 3

Sa :

6M+6CDNT

16,20

3

HUXBCD<X

3

1

3

1

Sa = S a :

Ach (36,1)

> K

Ach (38,1)

SBCDXK z i TZ I

TTTH B \ K 6

Ach (39,7)

These variants and others of a similar kind have been included in the apparatus oritious, but should they have been? at least

6u)NT

and

BCDXK

One suspects that

are nothing more than dialectical varia­

tions and hence of no more text-critical value than, for example, the variation

6BOX/XBAX

, the likes of which have been excluded

14/

Apocalypse of Elijah

from the apparatus oritious.

If, as is commonly held, the

Apooalypse of Elijah was first translated (from Greek) into Achmimic and was from Achmimic rendered into Sahidic, one could argue that the Sahidic translator would naturally render

BCDXK

by

6
since the former is Achmimic and Subachmimic but apparently not Sahidic (see Crum).

But there would still remain the problem of

the nearest Sahidic equivalent of which is Noy6"c , which we

NOYKCT,

might reasonably expect to find in our Sahidic texts - if Ach has preserved the original Achmimic reading and if the development ran from Achmimic to Sahidic.

There is, therefore, good reason to attempt

to circumvent as much as possible the difficulties of dialectical variation, and at the same time to try to go a step beyond a mere enumeration of interrelationships.

A computation of "additions" and

"omissions" will do the former, while an examination of some of the "additions" and "omissions" ought to do the latter. As before Sa

3

serves as our point of departure.

Not included in

our statistics are additions and omissions of bound morphemes such as articles and other prefixes, infixes or suffixes. 2

a.

Additions in S a :

b.

Omissions in S a :

2

2

1) Sa versus Sa

3

2

total 0 total 4 = 0 3

2) Sa Ach versus Sa = 4 1

c.

Additions in S a : 1) Sa

1

versus Sa

1

3

total 11 = 5

3

2) Sa versus Sa Ach = 5 1

3

3) Sa Ach versus Sa = 1 1

d.

Omissions in S a :

= .085 per line

total 22

= .085 per line = .051 per line = .023 per line = .028 per line = .006 per line = .102 per line

A n interesting problem of a similar nature is T T 6 i / 6 e . The former, according to Crum, is both Sahidic and Achmimic, while the latter is Achmimic but not Sahidic. In the Apooalypse we find W6 i in Sa (and Sa ) in 14 instances (1,10.18; 5,16; 9,1,10; 10,4.9.16.18.19; 14,9; 16,19; 17,3; 18,3) where Ach reads 6 6 , but in 6 cases (21,4.10; 22,9.15.17; 37,7) Ach reads N 6 I in agreement with Sa (in 37,7 Sa has been reconstructed). Though we have not included these variants in the apparatus, one might argue that they should have been. J

3

1

3

3

Introduction /15

1

3

1

3

1) Sa versus Sa = 8

= .037 per line

2) Sa versus Sa Ach = 6 3

3) Sa Ach versus Sa 1

e.

= .034 per line

= 8

.045 per line = .129 per line

Additions in Ach: total 44

= .056 per line

3

1) Ach versus Sa = 19 2) Ach versus Sa

3

3) Ach versus Sa

3

Sa

2

= 5

.106 per line

Sa

1

= 19

.108 per line

4) Ach Sa versus Sa

3

= 0

3

= 2

2

5) Ach Sa f.

1

versus Sa

Omissions in Ach:

= .011 per line

total 76

.223 per line = .114 per line

1) Ach versus Sa

3

= 39

2) Ach versus Sa

3

Sa

2

= 7

3) Ach versus Sa

3

Sa

1

= 18

4) Ach Sa versus Sa

3

= 4

.085 per line

3

= 8

= .045 per line

2

5) Ach Sa

1

versus Sa

= .149 per line

.102 per line

conclusions we reached <earlier are confirmed by our further computations.

The comparative figures for both additions and omissions in 1

Ach are more than twice as high as for S a , a fact which shows that Ach 3

is indeed the farthest removed from Sa . Sa

3

Sa

2

and Sa

3

Sa

1

When we look at the pairs

in relation to Ach we notice that the figures are

again appreciably higher than for other combinations - something one might likewise have expected on the basis of our previous findings. When we examine in some detail the pluses and minuses in Ach it becomes readily apparent that in both categories stylistic particles Thus we find, for example, that xyw is

play a prominent role.

"omitted" ten times (1,18 Sa 2

vs. Sa Ach; 5,8 Sa

3

3

2

3

Sa vs. Ach; 2,17 Sa vs. Ach; 3,6 Sa

1

3

3

Sa vs. Ach; 8,15 Sa vs. Ach; 9,2 Sa vs. Ach;

3

3

10,1 Sa vs. Ach; 13,3 Sa vs. Ach; 17,4 Sa Sa

1

2

3

1

vs. Sa Ach; 19,5 Sa 3

3

3

vs. Ach) and "added" three times (11,11 Sa vs. Ach; 11,15 Sa vs.

Ach; 17,17 Sa Sa

3

3

1

Sa vs. Ach). 3

(TT) r x p is omitted four times (1,8 Sa

2

3

3

3

vs. Ach; 1,22 Sa vs. Sa Ach; 4,12 Sa vs. Ach; 18,18 Sa vs. Sa

Ach) and added once (8,16 Sa vs. Ach). A.e is omitted twice (3,17 3

Sa

3

vs. Ach; 14,6 Sa

19,5 Sa

3

3

Sa

1

3

vs. Ach) and added twice (4,4 Sa vs. Ach;

1

Sa vs. Ach), though twice more in longer additions.

OY

A

3

€

is omitted once (2,9 Sa vs. Ach) but never added, except in a longer addition, x e

is omitted twice (3,10 Sa

vs. Ach) and added thrice (1,7 Sa

3

2

3

2

Sa vs. Ach; 20,5 Sa

Sa vs. Ach; 2,6 S a

3 v i d

3

Sa

1

vs. Ach;

1

16/

Apocalypse of Elijah

5,14 S a Sa vs. Ach). 6 6 is omitted twice (2,18 Sa vs. Ach; 3

1

3

3

3

2

8,16 S a vs. Ach) and added twice (1,18 Sa S a vs. Ach; 5,4 S a Sa

1

vs. Ach). x x x x ,

Ach;

3 v i d

12,10 S a

pa) and e n

are omitted thrice (3,19 Sa vs. 3

1

vs. Ach; 18,8 Sa vs. Sa Ach) twice (4,14 S a 3

3

3

1

vs. Ach; 16,11 S a Sa vs. Ach) and once (2,11 S a

3 v i d

3

vs. Ach) res­

Similarly e2px"i is omitted five

pectively, but are never added. 3

3

3

times (5,12 S a vs. Ach; 10,2 Sa vs. Ach; 10,11 Sa vs. Ach; 17,8 Sa

3

1

hand, Sa

1

3

Sa vs. Ach; 18,6 Sa vs. Ach), but is never added. XBXX

(BBOX)

3

On the other

1

is added twice (6,8 Sa Sa vs. Ach; 17,6 Sa

3

vs. Ach), but never omitted. As singular variants in Sa we note that x y u ) 1

is omitted once

(15,13) but is never added, and pa) is added once (5,12) but never omitted.

Only in one occurrence of any of the particles on which we 3

1

have focused do Sa and Ach (possibly) line up against S a : 16,9 3 v i d

Sa

NTOK

1

Ach:

pr x e S a .

Perhaps more interesting and revealing than the presence or absence of stylistic particles, when one attempts to assess the rela­ tive worth of the manuscripts, are the substantive pluses and minuses we find upon a comparison of our witnesses.

In Ach we have at least

seven sizable omissions which were caused by parablepsis: 1,3

T6TlTp*NOB6

that

xyu>

xyu)

3

Sa Sa

2

(om.

:

xyu))

om A c h .

One suspects

2

is secondary and that, consequently, S a has preserved the

original text. T N H C T U

4,6-7

rAp

9,6-7

AXXX

6periMOY

9,9-10

zfx'i

2 IT

11,17-18

17,20-21

nurr

3

Sa :

NTOOTOY

NeaooY oyoe iq)

TTceojcDX

17,12 eyxo)

ecoyxxB

MMOC

om

Ach 3

S a : om Ach

6TMMA y

3

S a : om Ach

FN^nHoye

TTf^eeNOC

x e xiop

Sa «= S a : om Ach

N6NTAY2 ynoM I

Ne

Probably to be added is:

3

A6

5,3

TTC6TAKO

N"NeyHHB

3

S a : om Ach

1

3

1

S a : om Sa Ach x p i c x s e

aR

neoyoe

3

iq) Sa = S a

l v i d

:

om

Ach. 3

In Sa there are two certain cases of sizable omissions caused by parablepsis: 13,4

3

TTseipe S a : +


FTnoo2 x e

epiCNxq

seipe

Ach. That a

3

reference to the moon has dropped out of the text of Sa is also clear from

M1TM.XY,

17,7

HNX6IN6

which presupposes both sun and moon. 3

S a : pr

MNX6IN6

NNoyaXXp6

XBXX

aTT

NoyxnHy6

Ach=

Introduction 111 1

Sa .

A third likely instance is: 11,4

6TMMO

3

Sa :

BTMMXY

+ «N

Naooye

Ach.

Sa

1

does not seem to have any singular cases of sizable omissions

by parablepsis.

However, the omission of

NTguvrT

xyco

in 16,3

RMOOY

is a possible though not obvious instance. From the above it is obvious that Ach has suffered more from scribal parablepsis than has either of the other texts, and to that extent reflects the least trustworthy tradition. resultant text of both Sa

3

In many cases the

and Ach is intelligible, of course, but

this only enhanced parablepsis and does not argue against its having occurred. A brief survey of additions reveals that both Sa

3

1

(and Sa ) and

Ach contain evident expansions, though the latter somewhat more clearly so than the former. 1,2

xe

Sa

3

2

Sa :

1,10

nxoeic

1,22

xpxHxrrexoc

Sa

2,13

NTOOY

4.15

enno\6MOC

5,6

nKXz TOT6

11,4

xpHMX

11,15

RnKXa

12,9

Sa :

Sa :

nMoy

Sa : 3

Sa : 3

13,3

xpiKXK6

13,3

xpioyoeiN

16,8

nxT0)in6

16,18

NXAX6

66

Sa :

Sa

3

3

Sa : 1

Sa :

17,2-3 epenkocMoc Xpxy

17,23

MN

Sa

ceNXxpo

+

3 v i d

1

Sa :

Ach

TTTXNOMIX

Ach

Ach

Sa

3

1

= Sa :

enxxoc

18,13

20,1

Sa

3

1

Sa :

pr

NTKGX6Y6 XYCD

Sa

3 v i d

Sa

:

TTaxpn

+ xTT 3

pr

=

1

THP
NO

Ach CGNXXI

ZMXT

XX"N

2 6NK6K6ye 3

quite possible. xxy

9,2.6

Ach

X6

One must admit here, however, that an omission in Sa

18,8

Cf.

Ach

xe

epooy

TH pH

Ach.

Ach

nq)Hpe

Nxy

xoy

Ach

xnNoyT6

THpT

MMXY

Ach

NTXNOMIX

a>

Ach

Ach

XBAX

6T-

qNXXOoc

+

nKOCMOC

RnKXa

HNXXOOC

1

FxpxH

Ach

RMXC

pr

1,18

xxoye

Ach

NXIICDT

ncpHpe

pr 3

Sa :

Cf.

HnepcHC

eyxoy

: 3

Sa

A6

66

+

pr 3 v i d

a)ine

Rn^nee'ie

+

Sa :

Sa

Ach. + oyA6

2

Sa :

X M 6 U 6

+

1

Sa :

Rnexy

=

Ach

MTT N 6 T X « p x < i

1

Sa

3

CGNAXI

+

Sa : 3

RnpcDMe

+

Sa

3

3

3

OYON

2

Sa :

5.16

12,6x6

3

3

Sa

In Ach we note the following: najHpe

+

Ach xx6po

Sa :

+

nKX2

NXO;OOY6

F2 6 N 2 H Y 6

Sa

1

= Ach.

Ach

Sa

1

Ach.

is also

18/

Apocalypse of Elijah

There is further the lengthy plus at 17,6 (see app.crit.) but due to a one line lacuna in Ach its full import cannot be determined. In Sa 2,1

6BOX

2

the following appear to be expansions: N

TCA 5 P

6TQOB6

3,13 4,3

3

MTTFTCCDC

Sa

3

Sa

3

Sa :

Sa

3 v i d

2 V l d

:

om

om S a

om

2 v i d

Ach

v i d

Ach

Ach

3

4,10

:

eyc-J-NOY^e Sa :

om Ach.

An omission in Ach is also a distinct

possibility. 9,8

3

egpx'i*

6KO)T6

Sa :

9,16-17 eTNXcpcDne NT6YNOY

10,17

om Ach

3

Sa : 3

Sa :

11,14-15 FTnepcoc

om

om

Ach

Ach 3

Sa :

NXXI

Ach.

ceNXXi

As recorded above we find

(virtually) the same plus in Ach but at a different point.

It is

difficult to know which of the two manuscripts, if indeed either, has preserved the original reading. 12,20

N6i

nexc

Sa

18,12

IT 6 i

nXTO)ine

18,14

6N0)HOY€

19,12

<1)XNTOYXITOY

Sa

19,16

NC6N2KO

20,8

6Yq)OY6!T

20,12

3

Sa

3 v i d

Sa

:

3

om Ach

1

Sa : S

3

Sa

a

1

=

Sa : om

3

=

S

a

= Sa :

MTTNOYGX I * i c

1

Sa : Sa

3

XN

18,19-20

3

Sa :

TTTOK

+

iNxKU)T6

Fcx M -

Sa

XN

Ach

:

o

m

A

om A c h om

Sa :

1

ch v i d

Ach 1

=

Singular pluses in Sa 15,12

l

1

3

om

Ach

om

Ach

are few:

6KTu)6e

MMOK

fl- S a

NCX

3 v i d

TT€N6TOY**B

:

MH

Sa

eiKuyre

1

UTOH

en

TT20YO

1

Though more variant readings could be cited, our overview has been 3

sufficient to indicate the textual affiliation of Sa ,

Our survey

3

suggests further that in S a , and more generally in the Sahidic tradi­ tion, we are perhaps closer to the original text of the Apocalypse of Elijah than in the textual tradition represented by Ach.

COPTIC TEXT and TRANSLATION

19

20/ Apocalypse of Elijah t

Ul R[nx]o*eic'

na)x*xe* 6
R'MOC*

NA* 7'

#

xx'oc'

#

xe TB6

Te'TN'oy'ea*

5

e* T C *

6(DNT

Moc

oy*Ae*

NIM'

2F*

T 6 * X M X * X(D* C I * X '

0)6*

rxp*

Fcon'

KX*

npH*

e'cijx*

KX*

n KX 2 *

xy*a>* Te'

e*TB[e]

xx*xx*

M6*

oy

Sa *

2

NX7

2

Sa

T6TN7 2

Sa :

3

2

Ach 7

| xe

KX

om

Sa

XXCTF

Ach

14

Sa :

NOB e

KoyKC~ pr

|

3

|

n e N T X I TXM I e

6

|

Sa

Sa

3 v i d

I

X6KXXC

2X2

Ach

I

14

Ach

|

+

66

KXXC

Ach

Ach

|

|

xpxixrrexoc oyAe

xxoye

3

eq)X Ach

Sa

2 v l d

3

Sa

3

3

2

Sa : FxpxH

Sa :

Sa

+

|

3

3

24

xe

2

24

[oy

TX I [

2

|

(Teffi-)

:

=

Sa :

Ach

|

I

12-13

Ach

|

|

11

|

Sa

3

16-17 nx7

X I T F N X H Ach

|

20

Ach

Sa

I 3 1 n c

3

KXXC

3

2

Sa :

3

2

Sa :

Ach

Sa

3

2

Sa :

xoy

2

Sa :

oypooye Sa xe Sa

|

3

Sa Sa

S§ 2 V l d

3

3

:

2

Sa : 3

Sa :

xpxHxrrexoc

xpxHxrrexoc

:

Sa

FKX

|

|

Sa

10-11

Ach

Ach

3

THNC

Sa

oyMHHuje

oyAe

Ach

|

TefF-j-

nq)oya)oy Ach

v i d

exF

4

6TX2T€N6

2

7-8

om

Ach

Ach

Sa

3

Sa *

eiNHy

Rnpu)Me

Sa 2

Ach

2

Sa :

|

Rnexy

Sa :

om Sa

3

|

FoyKu)2T

xpxxrrexoc

Ach

nu

e[

xp*XH*x[rre

om

Sa

Ach

KXXC

2

HNXTNNOoy

19

22Frxp

Sa

THYTN

xyo)

F* 6 i •

2~F*

na)Hpe

3 v i d

6TX2TXNO

Sa :

18

+ 3

xnfpie

3

2X*poN*

Ach

2

2

:

2

Sa :

Sa :

2

[oy

N o y * p [CD

x y c o Sa :

6(DNT

3

Sa :

Sa : |

3

NCT-

2

Sa :

Sa Sa

RneKpu)M

oyapxy

eTefN-}-

nxoeic

10

Ach 16

5

e*fM*

6H6NX2MN

= Sa

|

|

2~F*

o[y]*A6*

3 C

Sa

Ach

Ach

neNTXHTXM I e

2

| xe om

o]y*Ae*

F*oy*MO*oy[

6'BCX'

F*ee*

Sa

[TM

e*u)MTk

R* nei *o)H* p e *

X6

etM

Ach 2

F2CD

Sa :

-

Sa :

N6T0)Oon

Ach

ci)x*poN'

(l)X]*po[N

e*

x r * r e * x o c [

x«i*a)BTTH]*

ei*[NHY

3

4

xi * u } N * 2 T H H *

R* nei * T X * M e *

6M*NH*Y*

xoc'

n[KX2

F*ee*

e * H e * N X 2 * M~TN] *

xe*

OY*MH[H

en'nHT*


X M X * xo)* c i * x ' F*rxp*

e*xR*

e*oM*Koy'

[TX e'B[OX

e * n i * e y * M i '

eq * o y * a ) * u ) * a } *

R*neKpu)M*

nx*7'

R*ne*ooy*

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Text and Translation /21

[1] The word of the Lord addressed me as follows:

"Say to this

people, 'Why do you sin and multiply sin, 5

provoking to anger the Lord God who made you?

Do not love the

world nor what is in the world for the world's pride and its destruction are the devil's.'" 10

Remember that the Lord

who created everything had compassion on you, in order that he might rescue us from the captivity of this age.

For

often the devil has desired to prevent the sun from rising over the earth and 15

to prevent the earth from giving produce, wishing to devour men like fire racing through straw, wishing to swallow them up like water. And, because of this, the glorious God had compassion on us.

20

He will send his son to

the world in order that he might rescue us from the captivity.

For he did not inform angel

nor archangel when he came to us, but he changed himself into a man, when he came to us in order that he might rescue us

22/ Apocalypse of Elijah B 6BOX .

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Text and Translation /23

[2] from the flesh, and that you might indeed become his children (and) he your father.

Remember

that he has prepared for you thrones and crowns in heaven. 5

For everyone who will

obey his voice will receive thrones and crowns.

"As for those who are mine," says the Lord,

"I will write my name upon their foreheads and set a seal on their right hands."

They will be neither hungry

nor thirsty, nor will the lawless 10

one prevail over them, nor will the powers any longer hinder them; but they will walk with the angels to my city.

Sinners, however,

will not outstrip the powers, but the powers 15

of death will seize them and have dominion over them because

the angels

do not obey them, and they have made themselves strangers to his dwelling places.

Hear now, you wise

of the earth, concerning the deceivers who will multiply 20

at the end time, because they will adopt teachings which are not God's; they will

24/Apocalypse of Elijah

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Text and Translation /25

set aside God's law - people whose god is their own belly, who say, "Fasting has no validity, nor did God institute it." 5

(Thereby) they

estrange themselves from God's covenant and deprive themselves of precious promises; they are at no time rooted in firm faith. Do not let those people deceive

10

you.

Remember that the Lord

instituted fasting from his creation of the heavens, as a benefit to mankind on account of the passions and the changing lusts which oppose you, so that the evil one would not 15

deceive you.

But holy fasting

is what he has instituted.

The Lord

says, "He who fasts will never sin, even though there be in him envy and quarrelsomeness." 20

fast.

But let him who is holy

He who fasts, however, without being holy

26/ Apocalypse of Elijah

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Text and Translation 111

angers the Lord as well as the angels, and he harms his own soul; furthermore, he accumulates against himself wrath for the day of wrath. 5

Holy fasting

is what the Lord instituted with pure intent and holy hands.

For holy

fasting forgives sin, heals diseases, casts out demons, exerts power up to the 10

throne of God, as an ointment, as a fragrance, as a remission of sin through holy prayer. For who among you would go out to the field, take pride in his skill but fail to take a tool in his hand?

15

Or who would

go to war without being equipped with armour? If he be discovered, will he not be killed, because he disregarded his duty toward the king? In the same way, it is impossible for anyone to enter the holy place in a state of doubt.

20

He who doubts in prayer is darkness to himself, and the angels

28/ +

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20*OY*

20

#

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2~N* 6Y

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XY*O)

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con' 15

XN'

nxo [

f

N6*p
F* 6 i *

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ne*xx
#

2 0

20]TXN*

10

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2"M*

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epo]*OY*

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CX*B6*

C]Y P»*OC'

5

AN'

xe =

HNxnorr ceNXXi

26Nnox6MOC

Ach Sa

3

3

Sa : Ach

Text and Translation /29

[5] do not obey him.

If, however, you are

always single-minded in the Lord, be wise to the times, in order that you may discern all things regarding the kings of the 5

Assyrians and the destruction of heaven and earth.

"Those who belong to me will not be

overpowered," says the Lord, "nor will they be afraid in battle."

And

when they see a king who has arisen 10

in the north, they will name him the king of the Assyrians and the unrighteous king.

He will

increase his wars and disturbances against Egypt.

The land will groan

with one accord. 15

Your children will be seized.

Many will long for death at that time.

Then a king will

arise in the west, whom they will name the king of peace.

He will run on

the sea like a roaring lion. 20

He will kill the unrighteous king. Vengeance will be taken on Egypt by war and there will be much bloodshed.

|

22

eyocD. Sa

3

= Ach:

xyco

Sa

1

|

30/ Apocalypse of Elijah C 2~M*

ne*20*OY*

pH*NH*

6*TM*MXY*OY*

6*BOX'

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6 I T '

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,

f

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n o ' X I C * M 6

10

#

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o c '

IT* c e * x i * T O Y '

xTi*

e x * x x c * c x '

xc*ne* A6*

3

2~M H 6 2 0 0 Y

1

6TRMXY

|

oyeipHNH

3

1

Sa : Ach

3

.

.

| 4

|

Sa

1

Sa

Ach

|

8

Ach:

Sa

1

|

13

NC66U)n6 NTTpRN2HT


Sa

TT2 6 0 N O C

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epooY Sa

3

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6
1

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3

3

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3

1

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3

Sa : X6u>n€ 15 1

Sa :

(-KTOI):

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v

14

eyxoy

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om A c h

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| Ach

|

1

3 V l d

3

+

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1

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| 6 M N X X i c e Sa Sa : Ach I eToyxxB Sa S a Sa : tr post R N N O Y T 6

1

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3

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3

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Sa = Sa :

1

| 12-13

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= Ach

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3

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Sa

|

3

A

3

Sa :

TTNOYHHB o y x i c e

Sa

IT* 26 N '

e * T G * T N * 0 ) X N * C [
= Ach

Sa = Ach

BToyxxB ITHXOOC

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1

,

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2TT N 6 2 0 0 Y 6

3

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npxN

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T PN 6 * T [O Y * X B

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IT* O Y * 6 I * f H * N H '

R* nNOY* T 6 '

5

iNX* K6*x e y * e*

,

|

3 V 1

*P*Y Sa

3

11 I F N ^ e e N O C

= Ach: Ach

Sa

1

NOYHHB |

(ITcxBeoYe) :

XTMHTponoxic

Sa

1

Ach

Text and Translation /31

[6]

At that time he will decree peace throughout Egypt and a worthless gift. He will grant peace to the saints. He will undertake to say, "The name of 5

God is one." of God.

He will bestow honor on the priests

He will exalt the holy places.

He will give worthless gifts to God's house.

He will circulate among the

cities of Egypt by deceit, without their knowledge. 10

He will enumerate the holy places. He will weigh the heathen idols. count their wealth. priests for them.

He will

He will appoint

He will command that the wise

men of the land be seized along with the eminent ones of the 15

people, and that they be taken to a metropolis by the sea, saying, "There is but one language." But when you hear, "Peace and joy exist," I will

32/ Apocalypse of Elijah 2

T rx]

p*

eic*

x ] 6*

xy*
10

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ie*

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NOY20

Sa

3

*

I

6

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3

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eq*xo)*

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ne*20*oy*

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o y * NAM '

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T 6 H * MX2 * MX* B6 *

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qx*K6*xey*6*

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e*xo)q*

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e*2px*"i

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#

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[

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21*

1NX*XI*

e*pu)*fN'

o y * F * T x q *

Boyp*

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p"[n]e*

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2 i *

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15

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5

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*

Text and Translation /33 [7] for here are his signs.

I will tell them to you

in order that you may recognize him.

For he has

two sons, one on his right and one on his left.

Now, th^ one on the right

will assume a diabolical appearance. He will abandon the name of God.

For

four kings come from that king. And in his thirtieth year when he comes to Memphis he will construct a temple in Memphis at that time. His own son will rebel against him and kill him.

The whole

land will tremble.

At that time

he will issue a decree throughout the entire land that the priests of the land be seized along with all the saints, saying, "Every gift which my father gave you and all benefits

34/ Apocalypse of Elijah -*

H TH*poy' TAM* H'*

T 6 * T N " N X * TA* A y '

FNM*MA*

#

#

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#

-

ce*NA no)2

xe*

#

#

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AN* MN*

NM*I10*XIC' C6NApi]M6*

3

Sa *

NMMA

13-14 3

I

om 17

Ach

Ach

neTOjCDCDn

c 6 NAX i

3

Sa :

|

2]

2

16

ceNACCDfM

3

Sa : NAXI

n6TTAY Ach

|

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#

]

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3

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Sa : 15

nxiN*[6o]NC*

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|

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I

#

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fl 6 T * CUtD * CD n '

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o y o ' e T

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ne*20*OY

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f

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15

2X*

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AY CD

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10

n KA 2 '

.

#

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ne 20 0Y' #

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#

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5

e'TOy'A'AB '

n e y * H* e i * '

N6Y U)H pe'

6 Y * KH B '

3

Sa : Ach

Ach 3

Sa : + |

3

9 oyx

I

|

Sa * 14-15

| 19

C6NAAG)A2 0 M

F2OOY6

aF

rAp

Ach

2~N

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3

6 6

| om

zicon

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3

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om 18

Ach

Text and Translation /35

[8] you shall return two-fold." close the holy places. their homes.

He will seize

He will take

their sons into captivity. 5

He will

He will

command that they perform sacrifices, abominations, and galling acts upon the land.

He

will appear beneath the sun and the moon at that time.

As for the priests of the land -

they will tear their garments. 10

Woe to you

at that time, rulers of Egypt, because your day has passed!

The violence

of the poor will turn against you and they will seize your sons as plunder. 15

The cities of Egypt

will groan at that time, and no more will be heard the voice of buyer and seller in the markets of the cities of Egypt.

They will collect dust.

The inhabitants of Egypt will weep

3 6 / Apocalypse of Elijah t

e TT6]i*

N6T*cgo*on*

e ] y * M i *

e* nMoy'

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e*ne*CHT'

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7 oexitic 17 Sa

e '

3

|

Xii*

| Irre

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I

NM-

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3

Sa *

|

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e*Nex*

#

[COTC

2 H * § [ e ] '

9

2~N N 6 2

[

2

0Y Sa

e

] 1 T

3

12

Nxy

Sa

S a : om Ach ex~N

2~N* N e y '

e*[c]e*|-

;

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ey*MHp'

W C O ' T O '

ce*

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6OO0) 3 *

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3

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#

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xyci)

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20

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15

XX*XX*

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61

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X 2 pH I

3

nMoy

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|

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Sa

X N - Ach

I

3

HexBOX

CTRMO

4 NC6H060Y

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F c e T M M o y Sa : X N NoyMoy Ach | 6 - 7 xxxx om Ach | 7 e c o c i ) Sa : T T T O O T O Y ^ Sa* CNXXcge'i Ach | 8 6 K C D T 6 6 2 px*i Sa*: om Ach | 9 - 1 0 pxV etTfMxy S a : om Ach | 1 6 noxeMoc S a : noxic Ach 16-17 GTNxa/one S a : om Ach | 1 7 qNXKexeye S a : + X N AchI 1 7 - 1 8
2 IXCDOY

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:

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3

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3

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3

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om Ach

|

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|

ece-

Text and Translation /37

[9] with one accord.

They will desire

death but death will flee from them.

They will climb onto

rocks and jump down on them, and 5

say, "Fall on us!" And they will not die but death runs away from them, while double affliction again increases throughout the whole land at that time.

10

At that time

the king will command that every nursing woman be seized and be brought to him in fetters and that they suckle dragons and that their blood be sucked from their

15

breasts and made poisonous.

Because

of the stress of wars which will take place, he will command that every boy, twelve years and under, be seized and be taught to shoot arrows. 20

The midwife of the land will mourn

38/ Apocalypse of Elijah l TT] N o y * o * e ICD/ e*2px*'i*

XY*CD*

e * T n e

X*2~M*MOC*

ee*NOc'

ec'xtD*

n H * o y * e

TT* 6 I *

2~N*

KHM6 '

XHM' TO*T6* MN*

xe*


R*nTX*KO*

nx*NOMOC*

NMA] *

e* [ T O Y ^ ^ B ] '

20

NRnepcHC

8

nHY AYU>

Sa

2~N

3*

3

n e o Y o e iq)

sTT Ach

|

eces i

2~M

6YNATCDOYNOY RnepcHC Ach |

Ach |

e pA'l

11

2

| 16

HNAOYON

Sa

ne

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3

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12 |

Ach

3

Sa : 17 I

neT2 N

NT6YNOY 20

d

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Ach

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XNXN

xyaoon

8-9

cep"

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nepcic

2~M

9

Sa

x I 2Me c

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6Y2~N

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Ach

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3

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n € 2 0 0 Y

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o [y

MTTT * n x p *

cgH*pe*

ne*20*oy*

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xe*

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f

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om Ach I : om Ach Sa

;

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Text and Translation /39

[10]

then, and she who has given birth will look heavenward and say, "Why did I sit on the birthstool to bring a child into the world?" The barren one and the virgin will 5

rejoice and say, "It is time for us to rejoice, because we have no children on the earth; rather our children are in heaven."

At that time three kings

will arise in Persia 10

who will capture the Jews who are in Egypt and bring them to Jerusalem and settle it with them once again. Then, if you should hear that there is dissension and <no> security in Jerusalem, rend

15

your garments, you priests of the land, because the destroyer will not be long in coming.

Straightway the lawless one

will make his appearance in the holy places, at that time. 20

The Persian kings

will withdraw at that time.

4 0 / Apocalypse of Elijah -+

IX .

.

o ] c '

.

.

.


c]e*NX*7*

OY*N

ci)OM*Te*

n e i * e * p o *

TT*CQOM [ T

C]NO
M N ' H G '

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2~N *

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2~N*

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e * TM* Mxy[

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X N *

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Text and Translation /41

[11] with the kings of the Assyrians; and four kings will do battle with three. They will spend three years there, until they have removed the wealth in that place. 5

Blood will flow from Qus to Memphis. The river of Egypt will turn into blood so that no one can drink from it for three days. those in Egypt!

Woe to Egypt and to

At that time,

a king will arise in the city which is 10

called "the city of the sun."

At that time

the whole land will tremble.

He will hasten

to Memphis in the sixth year of the kings of the Persians.

He will lay an ambush in Memphis.

kill the Assyrian kings. 15

He will

The Persians

will take vengeance on the land.

He will command that

all the heathen and lawless be killed.

He will

- command that the pagan temples be plundered and their priests be annihilated.

He will command that

the holy places of the saints be rebuilt. 20

to the house of God. of God is one."

He will give double gifts

He will say, "The name

The whole land will worship the Persian.

And the remnant, which did not die under the blows will say, "A righteous king it is whom the Lord

N6TOYXXB6

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Ach | 20 ceene Ach |

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3

Sa :

3 i n c

Sa : om Ach |

42/ Apocalypse of Elijah i

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Text and Translation /43

[12] has sent us, that the land might not be devastated." command that no king be given them for three years and six months.

The land will be

full of prosperity and great plenty. 5

The living will go to meet the dead (and say), "Rise up and remain with us in this state of bliss,"

In the

fourth year of that king there will appear one who says, 10

"I am the Christ," but he is not. not believe him.

Do

But when the Christ

comes, he comes in the manner of a bevy of doves with his crown of doves encircling him, as he walks 15

on the vaults of heaven, with the sign of the cross preceding him, while the whole world sees him like the sun which shines from east to west.

20

This is the way in which

the Christ comes, with all his angels surrounding him.

The lawless one, however,

He will

44/ Apocalypse of Elijah

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Text and Translation M 5

[13]

will proceed to take his stand in the holy place.

He will say to the sun,

"Fall," and it falls, "Be dark," and it complies, "Shine," and it does. 5

He will accompany them through

the sky and say, "Walk upon the sea and upon the rivers as though they were dry land." make the lame walk. hear.

10

heal.

He will make the deaf

He will make the dumb speak.

make the blind see.

He will

He will

Lepers he will

The sick he will cure.

The

demon-possessed he will exorcize. He will multiply his signs and wonders in everyone's presence.

He will do

the things which the Christ did, 15

with the sole exception of raising the dead. By this you will know that he is the lawless one: power to give souls.

he has no Now his signs

I will tell you in order that you may recognize him. 20

He is a little peleE, tall (?) thinlegged, with a tuft of grey hair on his forehead

46/ Apocalypse of Elijah I A.

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1

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Text and Translation /47

[14] like one who is bald* his ears. his hands.

His eyelids extend to

He has leprosy on He will change himself before you.

At one time he will be an old man; at another, 5

he will be a young child.

He will change himself with

every sign, but the aspect of his head he will not be able to change.

By this you will

know that he is the lawless one. The young woman whose name is Tabitha 10

will hear that the shameless one has made his appearance in the holy places.

She will

dress in her linen clothes and hurry to Judaea and reprove him as far as Jerusalem, and say 15

to him, "0 you shameless one, 0 you lawless one, 0 you enemy of all the saints!"

Then the shameless one will become

angry with the young woman.

He will pursue her

to the region of the setting of the sun. 20

suck her blood in the evening and toss her onto

He will

48/

Apocalypse of Elijah

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e'TOY'x'XB'

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nxo*eic'

MMA*

0 6 10)]

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xe

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2

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20

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15

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10

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c o ] o * [ze] •

5

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n f ne'

1

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|

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Text and Translation /A9 [15] the temple, and she will become salvation for the people. At dawn she will rise up alive and rebuke him saying, "You shameless one, You have no power over my soul, nor over my body, 5

because I live in the Lord always, and even my blood which you spilled on the temple became salvation for the people." Then, when Elijah and Enoch hear that the shameless one has appeared

10

in the holy places, they will come down and wage war against him saying, "Are you not ashamed seeing that you are estranged constantly?

You became an enemy of heavenly beings,

now you have acted against those on earth as well. enemy 15

of angels and powers. an enemy for all time.

You are You fell from

heaven like the morning stars.

You have changed.

Your substance (?) has been darkened.

Are you not

now ashamed, you who hurl yourself against 20

God?

You are the devil."

The shameless one

will hear, become angry and wage war

You became an

50/

Apocalypse of Elijah

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Text and Translation /51

[16] against them in the market place of the great city. He will spend seven days fighting with them and kill them.

For

three and a half days they will lie dead in 5

the market place in full view of all the people. But on the fourth day they will arise again and rebuke him, saying to him, "0 you shameless one, are you not ashamed, you who deceive God's people,

10

for whom you have not suffered?

Do you

not know that we live in the Lord, in order that we may rebuke you f

whenever you say, I have overpowered them? 15

1

We will lay aside the flesh of

this body and kill you without your being able to utter a sound at that time, because we live in the Lord always, whereas you are a perpetual enemy."

20

The shameless one will listen

in anger and wage war against them. The whole city will surround them.

At

52/ Apocalypse of Elijah [7z] neaooy]

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Text and Translation /53 [17] that time they will raise cries of joy towards heaven, shining forth as the whole world watches them.

The lawless one will not prevail

against them. 5

He will become angry with the land and

try to sin against the people.

He will command

that their eyes be burnt out with an iron rod.

He will tear off their nails one by one.

He will command that vinegar and lye be poured into their nostrils. 10

And those who are unable to

endure that king's tortures will take their gold and flee by the ferries saying, "Ferry us across to the desert." They will pass away like one asleep, as the Lord takes to himself their spirits and

15

their souls. ham.

Their flesh will be like

No wild animal will eat them until

the final day of the great judgement.

They

will rise and receive a place of rest, but they will not be part of the kingdom of the Christ 20

like those who endured.

"But as for those

who endured," says the Lord, "I will direct them to sit on my right." f

N6Y+YXH

15 1

Sa )

Sa

3

Sa

3

1

Sa :

N6+YXOOY€

= Ach:

Fee F F I n e p N X

Kpicic

Sa

They will be victorious over the lawless

+

Sa

3 v i d

XOY

1

1

Sa : Ach

3

Sa

Nxaume |

1

|

eye

Nxa/one

15-16

Ach

RneTpx

CCNXTCDOYNOY

17-18

3

Sa :

(riDne

| 17 CCNXTCDOYN

1

= Ach I 18 Fcexi S a Sa ( c e x i ) : C 6 6 I N 6 Ach | F O Y M X FMTON S a = Ach: F O Y ^ T O N Sa | 19 c e N X t g c o n e - nexIT S a Ach(om zF) : c e c u e i F O Y R T O N ujcDne M F n e x c " Sa | 20-21 3

1

3 i n c

=

1

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S vid s l .

Sa

1

3

a

a

p

r

x e

| 23

3

Sa : RMO'I

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om

Sa

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2MXT

1

3 i n c

Ach

I 1

= Sa :

22

fNXTXXC

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X X F26NK6K6Y6

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Sa

I |

3 v i d

=

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15

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nx'i

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3

1

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3

14

pr

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N16ONT

Sa

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1

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1

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Ach +

1

Sa : Sa

om Sa

om

3

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|

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Sa

3

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Sa

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3

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1

|

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1

MH

epe 3

Sa vid = sa : M X Ach | Frxp S a : om Sa Ach | 19 p R R M e Sa = Sa : pcDMe Ach | 19-20 H N X K < D T 6 - Fcx R- S a : M H eiKorre F T O H 1

6N

3 v l d

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Text and Translation /55

[18] one.

They will see the destruction of heaven and earth.

They will receive the thrones of glory and the crowns. Sixty righteous ones, prepared for that moment, will hear at that time. 5

They will don the armour of God. They will hasten to Jerusalem in their battle with the shameless one, saying, "Every feat which the prophets performed, you have performed, but you were in truth unable to raise a

10

dead person, because you lack the power.

By this

did we recognize you as the lawless one."

The shameless one will hear, become angry

and command that the righteous be bound, be placed on altars and be burnt. 15

And at that time they will win the affection of many.

They will

leave him, saying, "This one is not the Christ, for the Christ does not kill righteous people nor does he pursue men. 20

not try to convince them by signs and wonders."

At that time

the Christ will have compassion

He will

5 6 / Apocalypse of Elijah tie] 2A

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x r r 6 x o c ]

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X ] N

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•

FeHp ION

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20

F

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o y

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n KX

2

6yMO

3

2xne

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1

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Sa

3

= Ach:

4

n6Y2pooY

Sa

3

Sa :

3

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R*II6(DNT'[

o [ y p i ] * H x '

Fce[poei]c'

Fee*[N]x*5[KO

2A * O H *

e ] j pe y * OY*CDM*

R]n[cDN2]

e p e

TT* N o y * N X M

[F]ce*ca>K*

e*2oyN

[N€

M N *

e [ T ] e g e *

c] 6 * N X * T X * X O * o y '

R N *

N[ x y

N X I

[ 6 X ] NT e y T 6 2

F ] * o y * o * e i N '

CDX N [ T O y x i ] T O Y '

R*noyx*

e*T[ne]

eo]oy'

T6 [y] 6 ix*

oy*No[6

F*TBX*

F ' T N U ]

NX]KIM*

TT* ce* q I [ T O Y ] *

r x B p ] i * H x '

C T y x [oc

[e] y * M e z C [ o o y ]

e y [+

CH2*

2l*XTl*

N O Y T ] UZ

ex"N

xy*o)*

NN6]q

cooy]

n e y * 2 p o * o [ y

#

e]Y CMoy*

T6C<|>px] * r I C *

10

zn

F*CDO'

Mo*oy'

HKX2

q N [ A T ] F* N [ o o y

1

NTTFNOOY

napxy

Sa

Ach. |

1

3 V l d

1

2 2"F

|

5 xyu)

Sa

3

Sa

3

1

Sa :

1

Sa :

F Ach

om Ach

|

| NX'I

1

3

Sa S a : + x e Ach | 6 e p e S a S a : om Ach | 7 F N O Y N X M S a = Sa : om Ach | 8 X I N oyKoyi ( n x o y N 0 6 Sa :. x F n o y K o y e i (DX noYN06 Sa : N U H M M F N I N X 6 Ach I 9 e x N S a = Ach: pr 1

3 V

1

62px7

Sa

10-11 Sa

3

1

3 v i d

| 2XOH

1

Sa :

eyca)K

CDXNToyxiToy FceTXXC

Sa

A

Sa

Sa 3 v i d

Ach

1

: qNx6M6pM Sa = A c h 1

v i d

2xT n e

-

v l d

|

Sa

3 v i d

:

|

cejxcce v l

z IT2 I

Ach

NX7 CTYXOC Sa

enKX2 Sa

1

|

3

NTHEXKB

|

Sa : zH T o y

Sa 16

1

3

Ach J

Ach

= Ach: e R n M X FC6NX2KO

|

11 FceccDK

-

12

Sa*

18 x e

Sa Sa 1

13

|

oyAe

Sa

3

F+pHNH

nenFx

= Sa :

ex TeyzH

|

3

1

| F c e N x e i B e Sa : ceNxeiBe Sa | Sa : ncuHpe F T X N O M I X N X C D 6 R 6 O M e p o o y :.6e S a L 19 T H p q S a : om Sa 3

FTXNOMIX

|

ceNxq I

1

om Ach

om A c h

(C6NX2KO)

3

Sa Sa :

Ach Sa :

= Ach:

17-18 XN

3

Sa 3

oycTyxoc

ceNxp"

=

Rn6u)NT

3

3 v i d

Sa |

1

= Ach

v i d

3 v i d

:

ceq I

+pHNH

Sa

1

1

|

20

Text and Translation /57 [19] on those who are his.

He will send his

angels from heaven, sixty-four thousand in number, each having six wings. 5

Their voices will move heaven and

earth, when they praise and give glory.

Those

upon whose forehead is written the name of the Christ, upon whose right hand is the seal, both small and great, they will be taken on their wings and removed from the wrath. 10

Then Gabriel and Uriel will be a column of light and go before them until they bring them to the holy land, and they will permit them to eat from the tree of life and to wear white

15

garments, while the angels keep watch over them. They will neither hunger nor thirst, nor will the lawless one have power over them.

And at that time the whole

earth will tremble. 20

The sun will be darkened.

Peace

will be removed from upon the earth and from under heaven

the trees will be uprooted and topple. Wild animals and domestic animals will die in confusion.

Birds will fall on the ground dead

58/

Apocalypse of Elijah [K]

T

oyT

xya>] '

F * M O [ y e i ] o * o [ y e

NX*U)[CUM]* 2I*XM

N~p*e[
riKxa'

X X [ H ] *

N X N '

M X * 6 I N '

MI*O*

10

TT*oy*ON* 6IC*

(1)1 T

N I M

FT* M O r '

H*

XTX]*KO*

2N*

6 I pCDOy

2F MOOY

20

T O ] * T € '

oyoe I

NX'I

e iN6

n6NMTO

Sa *

1

xyu)

3 v i d

I

3

Sa

FMoyeiooye om Ach

1

|

Sa

Sa :

nAiXBOXOC

Ach:

xeKXXC

eyajoyeiT

Sa

N6TX
Ach

1

1

20

XN

3 v i d

2F

H[n6N6M

F] * 6 i *

3

1

1

Sa :

[nxTcnme [ 2M

X 6 o y

3

ne

6

FTOK

om Ach

|

3 v i d

:

|

Ach

om S a

1

|

3

10

NXN

CNXTXKO H NX p I M e

Sa 3

Sa :

Ach

Sa3

FoyoN

3

1

v

Sa :

3

1

Sa :

7 x e

|

Ach

I

N I M Sa :

.;r Ach:

om A c h

1

= Sa :

Sa

FTXNOMIX

KNXNX2MN6

1

= Sa :

neTXHTXMio |

Sa

om Sa

3

| Ach:

5x e

|

nq)HPe

5-6

Sa : 3

3 v i d

Sa

Ach

|

Sa

9-10

15-16

1

x e

eKeNXZMN

|

Ach

Sa

|

( o m *Y
= Ach

Nxcueye

1

Sa : +

|

Sa

1

3

Sa *

| Fexxxccx

1

MNN o y e x i + i c

MMXC Sa

Sa

12 M N

|

xyu) Sa

6TX2T6NXN

Sa : 12

3

Sa *

Ach:

Ach

Sa 1

I

om S a : |

CTCDHK

F*

XNCDIK6

x[nxoyoei(D

MMoy

NXcixnM

2

6NTOK

3

Sa :

CN*

X TCCD] T M '

] '

Nxcgooye

= Ach:

3

Sa

6 6 *

N X N ' 6 6 *

[ X N f

MMOC

x e *

nKX2 3

Sa

CNON

X 6 *

[MMX2]6*

-Mioo

10

Sa 8

1

:

Sa Sa

|

2]CD*

6CT](DN*

epo'i}}] } } } J[

8

eexxxccx

+*C[B](D*

e [FMX

6[HXCD

ANCU)T]M[

6]NX*MOy*[

[FTF]OY
[

6TM]MXY

x [ e

T]eNo[y]

MN[xpiM6

] n€200Y

NXN* T 6 [NOY

[ n e ]

M]F*NX*C6

XN

cnxN

Oy* 0 [X] I^ [ I C

M*M[O
[MOOy

2~U

n[eTX
X*NON'

XN*B(DK'

[MMOK

GBOX

6
M*n6N*6~M

60M

F* n e N * F M [ T O

MN * TT

M [ncnHpe

XKj

OY'op'rH'

nNoly'TS'

cx

GXXXCCX]

€K[XCD

M * MN *

F* o [ y A i K X I ] oc

N T T M * nx* p x * K X * xe i *

n[enK

6K6*NA*2MTN

[oly'oei*

BCD* U)N '

TX6*ce*

oy

CN'TOK

6*ne*x~c*

2H*HT6'

OY*26*

T6*Noy'

15

A 6'

[ x ] 6 *

F*U}M*M[O]'

F*CU)K' 2N"*N

n e ' x c '

6y*(Doy* 6 [ IT] '

T K * X * X N '

egooM

x e *

F* T X * N O * M I X '

[ n e ]

[FTOK] *

MMOK'

[NXOJO)

M*MOC'

ncn[Hpe]

x * NOK,

F T X ] * NO* M I • X ' 6NOy*2"M*

NOB6

[eyxco]

M [ O C ] x e *

5

Fexxxccx

+ |

14MMOT

TFNXTCKO

xipiMC

Sa

1

|

Text and Translation /59

[20] and the waters of the sea will evaporate.

The sinners will cry out

on the earth, saying, "What have you done to us, lawless one, by saying, 5

1

'I am the Christ, when you are the lawless one?

And you have no power

to save yourself, much less to save us.

You performed

vain marvels before us until you had made us strangers to the Christ who 10

created each one of us. to you!

Woe to us, because we listened

See, we are about to die

in an evil manner and in affliction.

Where

now is the footprint of a righteous person, that we should worship you, or where is our teacher 15

that we might appeal to him?

Now we

will be destroyed by wrath, because we disobeyed God.

We went to the depths of

the sea but found no water.

We dug in

the riverbeds sixteen cubits, but failed to 20

find water."

Then the shameless one will weep at

that time, saying "Woe is me as well, because my time has passed!"

Apocalypse of Elijah

Sa

1

13,23

N e e IXCD MOC

25

x e

NAoyoeKD

NAoyeiNe

epoei

XNNXpoMne

30

ANAaooye

TTee

66 1 N A T A 6 0

NHMHTTr

66

n(DT

N6

20)TB

ANICOy

35

2 PA*I

6TB H T O y

nKA2

{ e p e

CTBHTOY

rA p 62pA*i

6TB H T O Y

r

x

P IM6

TT6 I MMOC

OYN

60M N T n(DT

NrKU^T

2 I

NX 2 O Y

MI

x e

ne 2 0

e [cpne

NN6MNT

ON ArT6XOC

cenoxe

eynoxeMoc

eyoo)

CNXOJCD

nezooye TT6 I

NTK6X6Y6

2lT

Trrne

C6NXT6OY6 6 2pX*l

6 BOX

FNCTOyXXB NMXY N"6 I

TNXCCDTM

6CDNT:

[ TO)

N"CCO[OY

NT2CDA

NMX
2M

NOB6

AKAAN

enecHT

NCHie

-fCDT6 C6NA

{ 6 0 M } MMOK

C6NACGJTM ceei

XyiD

p"

HKA2

6pe

ITpeip"

TNAHOX6MI 15

KApnoc

npH

exH

n KA 2

TNAXI

N2~

6p6 -f*

epe

AnNOYTe

OYN TOT6

TAp

*P

M

eyxxo NX AX e

6

A2

nKA2}

oyoe IN

e

6BOA

MMOOy:

14,1

N HOY

66

NICOO

66H

AN6TOYAAB

10

ecn

T6NOY

T6NOY

e

NNiojoeicu

O^AHOyXDTB.

T6pHMOC:

5

TT

AN

o>cDne

NNICBOT: TB

M

CTMMXY nxoeic

OYN06 MTT

6Q>2T n K(D2 T

U

nKX2 6BOX NX 6

Text and Translation

13,23

I said, "My time

25

shall not pass away. My years have become months.

My days have

passed like dust that passes by. 30

Indeed now

I shall perish with you! Now then hasten to the desert.

Seize the brigands

and kill them. Fetch the saints 35 14.1

for on their account does the earth give produce; for on their account does the sun shine upon the earth; for on their account does the dew

5

settle on the ground."

The sinners

will weep saying, "You have made us enemies of God.

If you

have the power arise 10

and pursue them!" Then he will spread his fiery wings and fly away in pursuit of the saints He will again wage war on them.

15

The angels will hear, come down and wage war against him, a war of many swords. At that time

20

the Lord will hear and command in great anger that heaven and earth spew forth fire. And the fire will

62/ Apocalypse of Elijah

25

MA 2 T 6 16

2*IXM

CNOOYC

NAoya)M

30

MF

Fpe«ip*p FAIXBOXOC: oyN

OYMH6

NAojDne

neeooy

NTOY6 I

BTMMAY

R n KA 2

n6Y2pooY: Ach

41,1

(OY6 MO

«M

6 pHY 6

F N A B6

2 1

6IT6

C6NANO

MF

AOY

42,1

+ * e F200Y6

OC

NA7

MO

nxAeic n KA 2

nApABA

2 F

2 IXR

n KA 2

6 M N Kp AH 10

MFFC6 2 HX6 I X C

MN

FCA n 6 T R

F m e FN6

T H 6

MF

INAp"

N6TA KpiN6

MNACDNTOY ceieoye

RMOY N6*l

F2A2

<}>OOY6 KpiNe

TAYP"

RnxAOC

N [ A I K A I ]

KpiN6

2 6ipe

FecAY

*

S . . O .

NAa
RMAH

NA7

Ano>26

RM[A]Y

nere

2M

MNAp"

FFCUAC

N [oy]K[o]

MM[AY]

OY2MAT

N6Y

n

FFAIK[Al]oC

6TRMO

A I T 6 I

MF

2N

NAB6

A nMA OYF

aF

C6NAT66S

5

Fpeqp"

C6NANO

N A . .

A l(DK€

nApAAlAOY

TOT6

NATOY

MF

NAB6

N6TAYF

N6TA2F

nMOY .H

MN

6TAYGOY6

6IT6

FTAY

ANp6Hp"

AAC1C

NACD2 6

nMA

NA<J>OOY6

NAAIKAIOC

6M RnNOY

nOY6

8M

NOY

RnooY

Rncnnpe

RnOYG

ApAS

F

MN

6 1MA A 2 6

Fp
6 T R

<|>OOY6 NA+

NACD6X6

ATKpicic

RMO

aR

n KA 2

N 6 A T 6 TFCCDTM e

ATCM I

T6

15

RM1 6 MF

FSOOY)

A p6TOY

R

nezooye

2en

xe

nnei

10

NA-f-

aR

ITTOY'ieye

OY*P^Y

5


N"oypH*ioY6

OY2^n 2M

F(DH

Fcx

NOB6 Fee

H KA 2 MMA2 6 :

200H

NCH Fe H T O y

HFNHY

A2pH*l

66

6NCDX

C6KOY

X

Text and Translation

/63

reach out over the earth seventy two cubits.

It

will consume the sinners and the devils like straw. 30

A just judgement will take place at that time. The mountains of the earth will make their voices heard.

At (that) time

Ach 41,1

The roads?

(see Rosenstiehl) will say to

each other, "Did you hear today 5

the sound of a man who makes his way to the judgement of the son of God? The sins of each will oppose him in the place where they were committed, whether by day or by night

10

. . . the just and the [. . .] will see the sinners in their punishment, as well as those who persecuted them, and those who delivered them to death.

15

Then the sinners . . .

. . . will see the abode of the righteous and the manner in which grace will ensue. At that time, that which the righteous

42,1

will often request will be given to them.

At that time

the Lord will judge heaven and earth. 5

He will judge those

who have transgressed in heaven and those who have done so on earth.

He will judge

the shepherds of the people.

He will ask them

concerning the flock, and they will hand them over to him without deadly guile. After that Elijah and Enoch descend.

They lay aside

64/ Apocalypse of Elijah apH*l x i

NTCXp* FNoycxp*

cenojHpe 15

TB6 4>ooye BA\

CTRMO

TTTae

F[oy]

GXHBCDX

XBXX

2 ITH

1NXT6KO

FT2 6

6 M N N M 6

FB H T S

Nei

pAK

x e

fNOY

66

niCTeye

MAC

np"po

MF

RniKX2 x e

2 ixo)«i

MNATANO

. .o>y

.FNHY

nxc

NSO

THpoy

Foyne MN

6MX2T6 FBfpe

AIABOXOC «iNAp"po

61NNA eyaoon

Foyx'iq)

TTpxMne

NXBC

FaHToy

AapH*i

nX~C

* °

HY

6TOyA A B 6

Arrexoc

6TRMO

6 6

FBfpe

aoon N

R

4>ooye

xNpeqp"

OyKA 2

A N6

ceNATeKoy

c e 201x6

N6ToyxxB6

2 ixo)
M] N

RN

NTlie

spo)K2

MN

"INC

sM

A BAX

C6 NX

AKNAT6KO xpxK

Apooy

Foy

xnKoyx'iq)

RnNoyN

1N*NHy

44,1

A

XBXX

OYKO)2T

Tp"

15

« R

APXK(DN

AT0/UT6

10

ceao>


RnoyRTO

xooc 5

cenorr

eMA«ia(nexe

KPYCTXXXOC

43,1

M FIN A

FTXNOMIX

MMXI

ce

MniKOCMOC

N I M

FpxMne -f-xnoKAxy+ i c N2 H X 6 I X C

A2pH*l MN*

F

eyaoon

M F

Text and Translation

the flesh of the world and put on the flesh of the spirit.

They pursue

the lawless one and kill 15

him without his being able to utter a sound.

At

that time he will melt before them like 43,1

ice which melts through fire.

He will perish like a

dragon which is without breath.

He will

be told, "Your time is up. 5

Now you will perish with those who believed in you."

They will

be thrown into the deep pit, and it will be shut over them.

At that time

the Christ comes from heaven, 10

the king together with all the saints. He burns the earth and spends a thousand years on it, because the sinners held sway over it.

He will create a new heaven

and a new earth. 15

No devil

or death (see Rosenstiehl) exists in them.

With the

saints he will rule, descending and ascending. 44,1

They will be with the

angels always.

They will be with

the Christ a thousand years.

The Apocalypse of Elijah

/65

FACSIMILES of P. CHESTER BEATTY 2018

67

69

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73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

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85

86

87

88

89

t

Appendix:

The Greek Apocalypse of Elijah 1

In 1912 E. Pistelli published in Papiri Greci e Latini

a 6.5 x

6.5 cm scrap of papyrus, written in Greek, which contained a total of twelve incomplete lines of the Apocalypse of Elijah.

The significance

of the fragment lay neither in its extent nor even in its contents but rather in the fact that it furnished proof positive for a Greek original of the Apocalypse - something which could of necessity be no more than a (well-founded) scholarly theory prior to the discovery of PSI 7. The credit for identifying the fragment is given by its editor to Theodor Zahn.

The verso side clearly has to do with one of the arrivals

of Elijah and Enoch, though Pistelli mistakenly indicated the latter 2 name as having been partially preserved.

More particularly, it relates

their second appearance on the field of battle, for the purpose of annihilating the "lawless one.

1

Although the fragment shows clearly that

in some ways the extant Greek and Coptic texts are related, J.-M. Rosenstiehl in the most recent translation of and commentary on the Apocalypse of Elijah appears to overstate the case for the relationship when he writes, "Ce fragment montre que les textes grec et copte devaient f

1

etre tres proches l un de 1 a u t r e . T h e r e is, after all, the recto side to take into account, not to mention the minor deviations from Ach on the verso side.

Pistelli was not able to place the recto side of the

fragment, and thus far I have been likewise unsuccessful.^ tely Sa

1

3

Unfortuna­

ends too soon to be of any help.

See above p. 1.

That a piece of papyrus has broken off and been lost since Pistelli read it is not confirmed by his transcription of the recto side. ^See above p. 65, Ach 42. f

**VApocalypse d'Elie (Textes et Etudes pour servir a l histoire du Judaisme intertestamentaire vol. 1 ) . Paris, 1972, p. 21. ~*It is hoped that the facsimiles here published for the first time will aid interested scholars in solving this central problem of the fragment. I am grateful to the Istituto Papirologico "G. Vitelli" (Florence) for the photographs sent upon request and to the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana for permission to reproduce them here. The editio princeps is faulty in many particulars. 91

92 / Apocalypse of Elijah Text: -> (recto)

T (verso)

top of page

top of page

]AftZEftN

nOIMENAETOY.[

]MATAMEPI

THNNOMHNT[

#

].A EKEIMEN

-

ANEYAOAOY M[

-

].Z AIAT.N 5

OTEHAEIAE.[

]...

5

].ZTA

TOYKOZM[

].[

.ATA...[ ([xpuveC

] Aooaaoov ] y a x a yepu

xriv v o y n v x f a i v irpo$dixa)v xau itapa6o$Tfoovxat,

].a*

a v e u 66*Aou* y [ e x a 6e xaOxa

exet yev

].s* 5

TOUS])

i r o u y ^ v a s TOO A [ a o O . eitepGoxrfaei, a u x o u s 6ua

6ua

*axa$TfoovxaL

o x e nAetfas * [ a u evo&x* anoSTfaovxau xriv a a p x a

TOV

5

•* • • •

]oaxa

TOO xo*ay[o]u [ x a u TtepoftaAoOvxau xnv adtpxa W i f xaxa6L(£[£ouauv x o v u t o v x n s d v o y £ a s

One should perhaps assume that recto preceded verso since the identifiable portion belongs to the concluding pages of the Apooalypse of Elijah and hence plausibly stood in the second half of the quire. If line length was indeed approximately 32-36 letters, as the above reconstruction indicates, and if recto preceded verso, what we have on the recto side of PSI 7 may have stood where Ach now has a lacuna, i.e., between 40 and 41. But in that case Gk must have differed at 1

that point from S a ! In conclusion, the papyrus was photographed through glass and as a result small holes cannot with absolute certainty be distinguished from punctuation.

For some reason Pistelli chose to ignore not only

the rough breathing on nAeuas but also the high stops on 4-* and 3+ where their presence is confirmed by spacing, wise apparently preceded by a high stop.

e x e u y e v on 3-*- is like­

On 5-*- Pistelli comments,

"Dopo una traccia di lettera la linea e bianca, il che dimostra che qui era il titolo d'un capitolo, oppure che la linea finiva prima per tornare a capo" (Note 5, p. 17). Such a conclusion is, of course, unwarranted since both preceding lines appear to be especially long and, more importantly, we do not possess enough of the document to determine scribal practice. A. Pietersma

93

94

INDEX OF GREEK WORDS References are to ms(s) pagination. *

=

fully restored reading.

ayadd'v

7,18; 12,4

ayyeXos

1,21; 2,12.16; 4,2.21; 12,20; 15,15; 19,2*.15; Sa 14,15; Ach 44,1

ayopa

8,17; 16.1.5

a6LHu'a

5,11.20

adexeCv

3,1

auxeCv

Ach 42,1

atlxvaAwT i^C e auxyaXajai^a

8,3; 10,10 1,12.20; 8,4

auafv

1,12

aXXd

1,23; 2,12.14; 3,15.19; 9,6; 10,7; 12,10; 17,18*; 18,8

av&yHT)

9,16

avoyu'a

2,10; 13,2.17*; 14,8.15; 17,4.23; 18,11; 19,18*; 20,4.6; Ach 42,14

avoyos

10,18; 11,16

aTtoxdtXu^Ls

Ach 44,3

apTtayrt

8,14

ap-rcdtCeuv

5,14; 8,13

apxndyyeXos

1,22

apxwv

8,10

dacpdXeua

10,14

Bdaavos

17,10

ydp

1,13.22; 4,7.12; 7,1.2.7; 13,18; 18,18; Sa 13,35; 14,2.4

6auu6*VLov

4,9; 13,11

6i

2,13; 3,17.20; 6,18; 7,5.8; 11,22; 12,11; 14,5.6; 15,6; 16,6; 17,9.21; 19,18; 20,6

6ud6oXos

1,8.13; 7,5; 15,20*; Sa 14,28; Ach 43,14

6Ladtfxri

3,5

6odTayya

7,14

1

1

6u'xauos

11,23*; 18,3.13.18; 20,13; Ach 41,10.15.17

6LG5M£LV

Ach

41,12

6pdxa)V

9,13; Ach 43,3

6a)ped

6,2; 7,17

6&pov

6,7; 11,19 95

1

96/ Apocalypse of Elijah

e&vos

6,11; 11,16.17

eu6a)Aov

6,11

eily^TU

4,16

eupn'vn

5,18; 6,1.3.18; 19,20*

eCxe

Ach 41,9(bis)

evepyeZv

4,9

enLduyeCv

1>13; 5,15; 9,1

eTtuduyi^a

3,13

epnuos

17,12; Sa 13,32

ET U

2,11

n

4,14; 20,14

SdXaooa

5,19; 6,16; 13,5; 20,1*.18

1

$ e p a n e\5e uv

4,8

dnp^'ov

17,16; 19,23*

dAt<|>LS

9,7; 20,12

%p<5vos

2,3.5.11( epoc ).14.16; 4,9; 15,15; 18,2

Sua£a

8,5

xap7Ed*s

1»15; Sa 14,l

xeAetfeuv

6,1.13; 7,14; 8,4; 9,10.17; 11,15.17.18; 12,2;

x d*Aaa i s

Ach 41,11

1

17,5.8; 18,13; S a ^ ^ l

woviTa

17,8

*6*ayos

1,6.7.8.20; 12,17; 17.2; Ach 42,12

xpb'veiv

Ach 42,3.4.6

TTP^abs

17,17; Ach 41,6

xptfaxaAAos

Ach 43,1

M0)A\5etv

2,11

xa)(p6*g

13,7

Aao's

1,3; 6,14; 15,1.7; 16,5.9; 17,5; Ach 42,7

\i£v

14,4

\iA

4,16; 18,18*

ynTpo*7co Au s

6,15

vnaxeiTa

3,3(

vritfxetfeuv

3,17.19.20

voeuv

5,4

NGCTU)

.11.15; 4,4.6

Indices /97 vo*y o s

3,1

opyrf

4,3*.4; 20.16

oiav

5,9

ou6 £

1,7.14.22; 2,9(bis).10; 5,7; 15,4; 19,16(bis)

OUT£

3,3

OCpCpi^KLOV

4,17

7Ed*$0 S

3,12

TtapaBaiTve LV

Ach 42,5

7 t a p a 6 i 6 6*vau

Ach 41,13

TiapaKaAeuv

20,15

7tap§£vo s TC

e

t, v

10,4; 14,9.17 18,20

ice £ $ e a $ a u

2,17; 5,1-

TI £pva

17,16

it £ T p a

9,4

7c u a r e \ 5 e uv

12,11; Ach 43,6 3,8

it A a v a v

3,9; 16,9

it Ad*vo s

2,19(n\xoc)

it A nyrf TCveOya

11,22* ( PNA)

Tio A e y e U v Tr 6*Aey o s it 6*A u

17,14; Ach 42,13 1

11,2; 15,11.21; 16,2.20; S a ^ , ^ . ^ 4,15; 5,8.12.21; 9,16;

s

1

Sa 14,17

2,13; 6,9; 8,14.18; 11,9.10; 16,1*.21*

7i ovnpo*s

3,15

Ttpoaeuxrf

4,11.20

TlpOCpT^TTlS

18,8

adp£

2,1; 16,14; 17,15; Ach 42,12.13

axaupo*s

12,16

QTOAO g

19,11

acp p a y

eLV

2,7

acp p a y i^s

19,7

acay a

15,4; 16,15

T

6*T e

4,13 5,16; 10,13; 14,17*; 15,8; 19,10*; 20,20; Ach 41,14

Sa^.U;

98/ Apocalypse of Elijah

uit o y £v e u v

17,20*.21

(popeCv

19,14

cpu A

15,18 6,12; 11,4

XPfiya

4,2; 13,18; 15,4; 17, 14,15(bis).16; 16,8

2

INDEX OF COPTIC WORDS References are to ms(s) pagination.

* = fully restored reading.

t = qualitative. XM A 2 T 6

seize, lay hold on, prevail 2,15; 1 4 , 2 4 ; Ach 43,12

Sa

6MA2T6

1

negative particle 2,8.9.10.11.14.17.21; 3,3.7; 4,17; 5,1.7.8; 8,16; 10,16; 12,10; 15,12.19; 16,8.11; 17,19; 18,17.20; 19,16 (bis).17; 20,20; Sa 13,25

AN

1

XNOK

pers. pron. I, 12,10; 15,5; 20,5

Xt16

f. head 14,7

XCH6

f. language, speech 6,7 and 1,3.18; 2,17; 3,6; 4,2.21; 5,8.11; 7,4; 8,13. 15; 9,2.5; 10,1; 13.3; 15,13; 16,3; 17,4; 18,15*; 19,5.20; Sa 14,24; Ach 41,16 ( A O Y ) 1

multiply 2,19;

oa;t 5,22; 9,7; Sa

A2 0 M

m. groan 5,13; 8,15; 20.2*

X 6 p HN H

f. barren female 10,4

B(DK

go 4,12.15; 9,3; 12,5; 13,4; 20,17

BAX

m. eye 17,6

BCDX

loosen, with 6BOX

6BOX

1,9;

18,1

m. blind person 13,9

BOXDN

bad 20,12

BOYP

f. left hand 7,4

Bp p e

new, young Ach 43,13.14

BOT6

f. abomination 8,6

BOY2 6

m. eyelid 14,1

e - ,

prep, passim

6BOX

14,18

Ach 42,16; 43,1; subst. with

5,5;

BXX 6

epo*

1

adverb 1,9; 4,7.9.11.13.15; 5,5; 7,14; 8,7.17; 9,4; 10,17; 12,9; 13,9.11.13; 14,4.11; 15,9; 18,1.17*; 20,8*; Sa 13,31; 14,12.23; A B A A Ach 42,16.17; 43,1.9 1

6BOT

m. month 12,3; Sa

1

13,27

6 K I B6

f. breast 9,12.13.15

6MNT

m. west 5,17

6p H T

m. promise 3,6

ep H Y

each other 11,1; Ach 41,4

6CHT

m. ground;

enecHT

99

down 9,19; 15,10; Sa

1

14,16

100/

Apocalypse of Elijah

ecooy

m. sheep Ach 42,8

6TB 6

prep. 1,3.18; 2,19 ( en [. ] T e « ? ) ; 3,12; 5,4; 9,15; 10,2; G T B H T * Sa 13,35; 14,2.4

#

1

eooy

m. honour 1,19; 4,13; 6,5; 18,2; 19,5

6QJCDI16

if 5,1; Sa 14,8*

1

620YN

See

2 OYN

6 2 pX I

See

2pxi

6XN-

See xu>*

H I

m. house 6,8; 8,3; 11,20

Hne

f. number 6,10.12

come 4,19; 10,16; 12,11; Sa

6 I

eye;

6 IX 6 I HB 6 I B6 6 IM 6 6 I N6

6 lOOp i epo

e

6 I

p

6

G U T '

1

14,16; Ach 41,6

10,1*

m. fingernail 17,7 become thirsty 2,9; 19,16 know 6,9 bring 17,7; N T * 9,12; X N I *

Sa

1

13,34

m. canal 20,19* ( 6 1 pu>OY) m. river 11,6;

6pu)OY

13,6

do 3,4; 8,5; 11,13; 13,3.4.14; 15,14; Ach 42,6; p passim; A X * 2,17; 13,15; 18,8(bis); 20,4.9; Sa 14,7; Ach 41,8(e-); ot 4,19.20.21*; 5,1; 13.11*; 15,12; 16,18*; 20,16; xpi 1,9; 2, 3,10; 5,3; 13,3(bis); peqp-2,13; 20,2; Sa 14,6.27; Ach 41,11.14; 43.12 1

1

6 IC

behold 6,19; 7,1; 13,18*;

6 ICDT

m. father 2,2; 7,18

6 IU1T6

f. dew Sa 14,4

K6

also, even 4,1*.21; 10,12; 11,22; 15,6

6 I C

2HHT6

20,11

1

KOYI

small 13,20*; 19,8*

KO>

place, allow 2,20; 16,14; Ach 42,11; KA- 1,14.15; 4,7.11

KtOB

be double;

KBA

m. vengeance 5,21; 11,15

KAK6

m. darkness 4,21; 13,3; 15,18; 19,19*

KXO

m. poison (?);

KHBT

8,1; 9,7; 11,20

NCOTO

9,15

KXOM

m. crown 2,4.6; 12,13; 18.2

KIM

move 19,4

Indices /101

m. fatness, sweetness 4,10 f. vault 12,15 m. fire 1,16 m. deception 6,9; 11,13; Ach 42,9 build 7,9; 11,18 turn, go around 12,14.21*; 16,21*; Korre N C X - try 17,5; 18,20*; Korre e g p x i return (?) 9,8; KOT* turn self 6,8; 8,12 m. earth 1,14*.15; 2,19; 5,6.13; 6,14; 7,12.15.16; 8,6.8; 9,8.20; 10,3.7.15; 11,11.15.21; 12,1.3; 15,14; 17,4; 18,1*; 19,5*.12.18*.20*.24*; 20,3; Sa 14,l(bis).3.5.22.25.32; Ach 42,4.6; 43,11.14 m. envy 3,18 1

m. fire Sa

1

14,12.23( 6 < D T ) .24; Ach 43,2 2

m. shout 17,1 anyone, any 4,18; 12,2

m. place 2,18; 4,19; 6,6.10; 8,2; 10,19*; 11,3.4; 12,18.19*; 13,1; 14,11.19*; 15,10; 17,18; 20,17*; Ach 41,8.15 love;

M6pe-

1,6

f. truth Sa 1 4 , 3 0 ( M H 6 ) ; truly 18,9 1

p M M M 6 18,19; NX M e

die 9,6; 11,22*; 19,23*; 20,11; Mooyrt be dead 12,5; 16,4; 19.24; Moysubst. death 2,16; 5,15 9,2(bis).6; Ach 41,14; 42,9; p e s M O o y T dead person 13,15; 18,9 m. lion 5,19 numeral:

thirty 7,8

m. pain 4,2 not to be 4,18; 20,6; MN 4,14.15; 10,6; 13,17*; 15,4; 16,15*; 18,10; Ach 42.9; 43,3.14 own self 7,12 conj. 1,9; 2,4.6; 3,13; 4,1.6; 5,5(bis).13.22; 6,2.18; 7,18; 8,5.6.7.17; 10,4; 11,8*.16; 13,6.12; 15,8.15; 17,14*.15.16; 18,1.2.21; 19,4.10.23*; 20,12; S a 14,22.28; Ach 41,10.12 13; 42,4.5.11; 43,14 prep. 2,12; 6,14; 7,16; 11,1.2; 12,3; 18,7; 19,3*; 1

Ach 41,3; 43,5.10.17; 44,1 M N M A * 2,17; 12,7; 13,4; 15,11; 16,1.2.20 ( N M M x y ) ; Sa 13,30 ( N M M H * ) ; 14,14 ( NMX** ) .17( N M X * * ) 1

m. sign, mark 7,1; 12,5; 13,12.18; 14,6(bis);

102/

Apocalypse of Elijah

18,21*; 20,8 MNNCA

prep. Ach 42,10;

Mno

dumb person 13,8

Moyp

bind 18,13; M H p T

M

bear 10,1

ice

M6C

I CD

MNNCCD*

4,3

9,12

f. midwife 9,20

MHT

m. ten;

MXT6

only;

9,18; 20,18

MNT-

13,15

MMXTC

MOYT6

call 5,10.17; 11,10

MTO

m. face, presence 13,13; 14,3; 20,8; Ach 42,17

MTON

m. rest 12,7; 17,18*

MAY

place;

3,10; 5,16( C T N C M X Y ) ; 6,1 ; 7,7.10.13; 8,8.10.15; 9,9.10; 10,8.18.20; 11,3.4.8.10; 12,8; 16,17; 17,1.10; 18,4.15.21; 19,18*; 20,22; Sa 14,19.31; 6 T M M O Ach 41,17; 42,2.16; 43,8 (

CTMMXY

CTMMAYOY)

1

MOOY

m. water 1,17; 20,18*.20*; pi.

M66Y6

m. thought 1,9; 2,2*; 3,10

MHH0)6

m. multitude 1,12; 5,15(MH(ne) ; 18,16*

M l(D6

fight 18,6

MOYeiooYe

20,1*

Moocne

walk, go 2,12; 12,14; 13,5.7; Ach 41,5 ( M x x e )

MOY2

fill, be filled 12,4; ordinal number with M 6 2 - 7,8; 11,12; 12,8( M A 2 - ) ; 16,6; 19,2

MX 2 6

f. cubit 20,19; Sa

2

M€ 2 A X

bevy, flock 12,13

M2 I T

m. north 5,10

MXXX6

m.

N~,

MMO*

prep, passvm

N-,

NX*

prep, passim

ear

14,2

1

14,26

MNMXAXG)

(

NX

go Ach 43,16 (

NOY

go;

NNX)

N H Y t 1,22.24*; 7,7.9; 12,11.12.20*; 14,1; 15,10; Sa 14,5; Ach 42,10; 43,9( NNHY).17 1

(

NNHY)

NOYB

m. gold 17,11

NOB6

m. sin l,3.4(bis); 2,13; 3,17; 4,7.11; 17,5; 20,2; Sa 14,6.28; Ach 41,7.11.14; 43,12 1

N KX

m. thing 1,11; 5,4

NKOTK

sleep 17,13

N IM

who? 4,12.14

Indices

/103

every 1,11; 2,4; 3,8.18; 5,2.4; 7,17; 9,11.18; 13,13; 14,6; 15,5.13.16; 16,12.18.19; 18,8; 20,10; Ach 44,1 pit Ach 43,7 prep. 2,5; 17,5; 18,19.20*; 20,16; Ach 42,14(ce); NCCD* 14,18; 20,11; Sa 14,10.27 1

prep. 2,18 you 15,15( N T K ) .19.20( N T O O K ) ; 16,9.11; 18,11; 20,5.6* they 2,13; 17,9; Ach 41,10(

NTxy)

he 12,10; 13,16; 14,6.8 look, see 5,9; 12,17; 13,9; 16,5; 17,2; 18,1*; N O Ach 41,11.15 m. hour, time 14,20; 15,2 m. god 3,2; r i N o y T e God 1,5.18; 2,21; 3,1.4.5; 4,10; 6,5.6.8; 7,6; 11,20.21; 15,19*; 16,9; 18,5; 20,17; Sa 14,8; Ach 41,6 1

be many;

NAO)CD*

12,4

m. breath Ach 43,3 be good; N O i p e 4,10; 12,4 save 20,7; N A M * 2

f. good 3,12;

good

1,11.20.24*; 20,7

throw, place 14,21*; 15,6; NOX*

Noyseadj.

N e x - 4 , 8 ; 9,19; 17,8;

13,11

great 6,14; 16,1; 17,17; 19,8; Sa

1

14,21

1

14,14

resumptive particle, passim

again 13,1*; 14,5; 15,6; 16,7; Sa m. moon 8,7 m. fold Ach 42,8

definite article, passim pre-nominal possessive article 1,8; NA-2,21*; 15,13 copula 3,2; 4,14.18; 6,4*; 10,5.13; 11,20*; 12,10 (bis); 13,17.20*; 14,8.10; 18,11.17; 20,5*.14*; T 6 4,18; 6,17.18; 12,19; N 6 2,6.21 f. heaven 2,4; 5,5; 10,2; 12,15; 13,5; 15,13*.17; 17,2; 18,1; 19,2.4*.20; Sa 14,22; Ach 42,3.5; 43,9.13; pi. riHye 3,11; 10,8 1

pre-pronominal possessive article i t t 1,8; 2,7; 7,18 15,4; 20,23*; T X 2,13; 15,4; N X Sa 13,24.26.27 H 6 K Ach 43,4; T G K 15,18; nes 1,9.19.21; 2,5 7,11; 10,16; 12,13; Ach 41,6; T 6 < i 4,2.13; 7,8; 1

104/

Apocalypse of Elijah 12,16; 14,16; Neq2,18; 5,12; 7,1; 12,20; 13,12 (bis).18*; 14,1.2.3; 14,7; 19,1; Sa 14,11; nee 1 4 , 1 0 . 1 2 . 2 0 ; n e N 20,8; N6N 10,7; n e T N 8,11; 14,3; N 6 T N 5,14; 8,13; 10,15; n e y 3,2; 8,3; 19,4; Sa 14,33; Ach 4 2 , 1 7 ( n o y ) ; T e y 2,7.8; 4 , 2 0 ; 19,6.7.11; N e y 6 , 1 2 ; 8,4.9; 9,14(bis); 17,6.7.11.14.15; 19,9* 1

1

nx I

demonstrative pronoun 1,18; 13,16; 14,7; 16,10; 18,10.17; n i 4,18; 12,19; N A I 3,1.7.10 ;

nei

demonstrative article 1,2.12(nx i 6 i ) ; 12,7; 16,15

16,14 ; 17,9(NH); 18,4; 19,6; Ach 4 2 , 1 0 ( N 6 i )

ncD*

possessive pronoun;

ne\H6

meaning unknown 13,20

Noy*

2,6; 5,6; 19,1*

neN i ne

m. iron 17,6

ncopK

be plucked out 19,22*

ncopx

m. separation 10,13

no)T

run, flee 5,18; 9,2.6; 10,19; 11,11; 14,12.18; 17,11; 1

18,6.19; Sa 13,31; 14,10; Ach 42,13; noxn

nHTt

1,16

divide, be separate 18,16

nu)2

tear 8,9; 10,14

nxaoy

m. hind part, back;

nexe-

said 2,6;

PH

m. sun 1,14; 8,7; 11,10; 12,18; 13,2; 14,19*; 19.19; Sa 14,2

nexx*

z I

nxzoy

1

behind Sa 14,13

3,16; 5,7; 17,21*

1

pco

emphatic particle 4,14; 15,19; 16,8.11

po>K2

burn 17,6; 18,14; Ach 43,11

piM6

weep 8,19; 20,20*; Sa 14,6

pcDMe

m. man 1,16.23; 3,12; Ach 41,5; p 6 i Sa 14,6.27; Ach 41,11.14; 43,12

1

-

2,13; 20,2;

1

pMMMe

honest 18,19

poMne

f. year 7,8; 9,18; 11,3.12; 12,3.8; Sa 13,26; Ach

1

43,11; 44,2( p x M n e

)

pxN

m. name 2,7; 6,4*; 7,6; 11,21; 14,10; 19,6*

pne

m. temple 7,10; 15,1.7; pi.

ppo

m. king 4,17; 5,9.10.11.17.18.20; 7,7(bis); 9,11; 10,9.19*; 11,2.9.23*; 12,2.8; 17,10; Ach 43,10. 15; pi. e p c D o y 5,4; 11,1.14; p p o ) o y 11,12; M N T p p o f. kingdom 17,19*

poe Ic

watch 19,15

pooye

m. stubble 1,17; Sa

pxoje

rejoice 10,4.6; m. joy 6,18

1

pnHye

11,17.19

14,29( p H i o y e )

Indices /105

POY2 6

m. evening 14,21*

CCD

drink 11,6

CAB

e

m. wise person 5,3; pi. cxeeoy

2,18; 6,14

(cABeey) CB(D

f. doctrine, teaching 20,14; pi.

COBT6

become ready, prepare 2,3;

CCDB 2

become leprous;

CCDK

flow 11,5; 12,16; 19,11

CX\A0)6 I6

subst. tall (?) 13,20* f. voice Ach 41,5 ( C M I )

CMOY

bless 19,5

CM I N 6

set up, establish;

COON6

m. robber Sa

cu)N

suck 9,14; 14,20*

r

2.21*

18,4

13,9; m. leprosy 14,2

coset

CM H

1

CBOoye

CBTCDTT

CMMONTT

3,7

13,32

CCDNT

create 3,4.11.16; 4,5

CNAY

m. two 4,19.20; 7,3;

CNO
m. blood 5,22; 9,14(

con

m. time 1,13; 5,14; 8,19; 10,12; 14,4(bis); Ach 42,1

COT6

m. arrow 9,15(

CNOOYC cNCIXDI

9,18(

MNT-);

1

S a 14,26

) ; 11,5.6; 14,20*; 15,6

(cxn) COTO

CTO

I

m. smell;

COT

BH

m. tool, weapon 4,14

CCDTM

C-J-NOY * [e 4

) .19* fragrance

4,10

hear 2,4.18; 6,17; 8,16; 10,13; 13,8; 14,9; 15,8.20*; 16,19; 18,3.12; 20,10; Sa 14,15.20; Ach 41,4 1

( CCDTM 6 ) ;

A T CCDTM

20,16

C IOY

m. star 15,17*

COOY

m. six 12,3; 19,2.3*; coe f. sixteen 20,19 ( M N N A C G )

COOYN

know, learn 16,10; C O Y C D N - 7 , 2 ; 13,16*.19*; 14,8; 18,11

CCDOY2

gather, collect 4,3

C 10)6

m. bitterness 8,6

ccixge

f. field 4,13 m. seven 16,2

CACD/I

despise;

cytDC

f. sword Sa CHH 6

m. awl 17,6 remove 18,6

C002 6

1

4,17 14,18

11,12(M62-) ;

MNTACG

106/

Apocalypse

of

Elijah

cooae

reprove

CZAI

write;

ca

IM6

C6IM

14,13; 15,3; 16,7.12 cea-

f.

woman

m.

grey

CHgt

2,7;

19,6

9,11

13,21*

hair

honour;

TX I HOYT

3,7 1

1,5.15; 6,3.5.7; 11,19*; 13,18; Sa 14,32; + 4,1.2; 9,12.13;12,2; 19,5*; Sa 14,1.32; T A A * 7,18; 8,1; 9,15; 17,22; 18,14*; 19,13*; Ach 42,2( T 6 6 * ) . 8 ; f 6 B O X 8,17; f CBCD 20,14; f

give

1

TCDN TO

3,19;

OYB6

f

spot

TCDB6

m.

birth

TBA

m.

ten

stool

10,3

thousand

T B BO

purify;

TBNH

m.

3,13

13,21*; 14,2

f.

19,2

TBBO*

animal;

TU)K

throw

TAKO

destroy,

13,10

p i . TBNOOYG

19,22

15,19

p e r i s h 11,18; 20,16; Sa 13,30( T X 6 O ) ; Ach x

43,2.5(

T6KO)

destruction TAXO

l i f t ;

TAAO*

TXX60

heal;

TX6O

;

Ach 43,6;

TGKA*

TXKOm.

10,17

19,8 13,10

TM

negative

TCDM

shut;

TAM-

8,2

TAM IO

make,

create

20,9;

TAMO

tell;

TAM6—

1,21

T6NOY

now

TCDN

where

particle

1,13*.14;

17,3

TXMIG-1,10*;

20,11.13.15; Sa

1

3,11;

TAM I 6*

13,29.31; Ach 43,5

1,6

(fNOY)

20,12.14

TCDN

subst.;

TANO

make

Ach

TNNOOY

send

1,19;

+

TCDN d i s p u t e

3,19

43,13 TNNOOY*

19,1;

12,1

1

19,3.9; Sa 14,11

TN 2

m.

TH p *

w h o l e , a l l 7,13.15.16; 8,1; 9,8; 11,11.16.21*; 12,17.21*; 14,17; 16,5.21*; 17,2; 19,9; Ach 43,10 f.

TCDp 6

wing

hand;

NTOOT*

TOOT* teach;

4,14;

9,7;

12,21; z I T N - Ach

TCXBO*

2 ITOOT*

43,1

9,19

TCABO m. TOOY TAOYO TOY€ IO

mountain;

send;

pi.

T e o y 6 - Sa

remove;

-f-OY6-

TOye I 1

Sa

1

14,23; Ach 7,6

14,32

42,8

6,4;

zoy

Indices /107 arise 17,9; Sa

TCDOYN

11,9; TOYNOC

1

14,9;

TCDOYN*

( TOYN*);

12,6

wake, raise; T O Y N e c —

TX(1)0

increase 5,12; 13,12

T.\2 0

establish 6,12

T62N6

f. forehead 2,7; 19,6

5,9.16; 7,11; 10,8;

15,2;

16,6;

17,17

13,15; 18,9

TAXpO

strengthen;

TID6 6

be joined 15,19* (

3,8

TX 6 C 6

f. footprint 20,13

OY

what? 20,3; 6 T B 6 o y

oyx

one, someone 6,4; 7,3.4; 11,20*; 17,13(bis); noyx noyx each 17,17( O Y ^ O Y ^ ) ; 19,3.4; Ach 41,7

oyoe i

woe!

OY**B+

be holy 3,15.19.20*; 4,4.6(bis).7.11.19; 6,3*.6*.10; 7,16; 8,2; 10,19*; 11,19; 13,1; 14,11.16; 15,10; 19,12; Sa 13,34; 14,13; Ach 43,10.16

TAxpHYT

TCOK

)

why? 1,3; 10,2

8,9; 11,7; 20,10.23*

1

OYHHB

m. priest 6,5.13; 7,15; 8,8; 10,15; 11,18

OYB6

opposite; +

OYCDBC1)

white 19,15

oycDM

eat 19,13; Sa

OY06IN

m. light 12,18; 13,3; 17,2; 19,11; Sa

OYON

be; O Y N 3,18; 5 , 1 4 ( O Y N N ) ; 7,6; 11,5; 13,21*; 14,2; 19,3; Sa 14,9.29; Ach 41,16; O Y N T A * 7,2

OYB6

1

oppose 3,13

14,27; O Y O M *

17,16 1

14,3

1

someone 12,9; oyou

N I M 2 , 4 ( O Y O N I M ) ; 13,13; 20,10

OYON

pass by 8,11; 20,23*; Sa OY6

IN 6

OYNAM OYNOY

f. hour

18,5(6YNOY);

NT6YNOY

now 20,11.13.15; Sa

reveal; OYCDNZ 14,11

GBOX

1

8,7; 15,9;

immediately 10,17; 13,29.31 OYON

a

10,17; 12,9;

single, alone 5,2; 6,17

OYCDT

change Sa oyoe

13,25; Ach 43,4

f. right hand 2,8( O Y N I M ) ; 7,3.4; 17,23*; 19,7 TGNOY

Oy(DN2

1

leg

1

13,27.29; -eapxi surpass 2,14

m, time, occasion 2,20; 3,8.18; 5,2.3; 9,10; 10,1.5; 15,5.12.16*; 16,12.18.19; 20,23*; Sa 13,24; Ach 43,4; 44,1 1

oyox!)

desire, love 1,15.17

oycyn

f. night Ach 41,9

oycoa/r

worship 11,21*; 20,13

oyo)2

place; oyez-

1,4

108/

Apocalypse of Elijah

oyxxi

m. salvation 15,1.7

COM K

swallow 1,15;

CON2

live 16,17*;

OMK*

1,17

12,5; 15,2.5; 16.11;

ON t 2

CON

2

m. life

19,14* COCK

delay 10,16

coco

cry; coco-

cocoM

evaporate 20,2

C02 6

stand - e p x T * Ach 42,8

CD

be able 4,18; 5,6; 11,6; 14,7; 17,3.9; 18,9; Ach

5,13( XCD-);

8,14( XCD-);

13,1(X2 6 ) ;

17,1; 20,2

Ach 41,7; m. condition

42,15(a) cpx

rise 1,14; subst. 12,18

ci)X

m. nose;

cox

prep. 2,13; 4,9; 11,5; 12,19; 14,1*.14; 17,16*; 19,8; c p x p * 1,1.22.24; C ^ X T N - 13,15; CDJ.2 p x i 14,14.19

CDi

measure, weigh 6,11

CDXNT*

17,9

0)O

thousand 19,3; Ach 43,11 (BO); 44,2(ao)

cijiBe

change 15,17;

cpi K 6

dig 20,18*

O>DK

be deep,dug;

CDBT* 1,23; 14,3.5.7; u ) O B e t

ci)HKt

20,17*

O/DX

plunder 11,17

COM M O

subst. stranger 2,17; 3,5; 15,12.16; 20,9

cgHM

young 9,18; 14,15

CDXMXPXT

thin-legged? 13,21

OBOMNT

m. three 10,9; 11,2(

ci)HN

m. tree 19,14.22

f.

CDX>MT6

3,13

OJOMT),7;

16,4(CJDOM) ; Q M T

18,3;

11,3; 12,2

u)lN6

ask; Q N T *

cijDNe

be sick 13,10; m. sickness 4,8;

ci)NC

m. linen 14,12

CDN2HT*

have compassion 1,9.18; 18,22(

qjcon

receive 8,17( c y a x o n ) ; c p e n - 16,10; 17,14 be ashamed 15,12.18; 16,8; subst. XTcyI n e shameless one 14,10.15*.18*; 15,3.9.21; 16,8.19; 18,7.12; 20,20* become 1,1*; 2,1.2; 5,22; 9,17; 15,1.17; 17,15.19;

Ach 42,7 (ynzHT*

1,9.18;

18,22

cyme

cycone

Sa

1

CDN2

ZTHH)

13,26; 14,18.30; Ach 41,16( a c o n e ) ;

cyoont

be 1,7; 3,3; 9,1; 10,6.10; 11,8; a o o n Ach 42,9; 43,15.17; 44.1; M X Ncytone m. dwelling place 2,18;

Indices /109

ecgcone

if

5,1;

Sa

1

14,8*

cgnHpe

m. wonder 13,12; 18,21

cgHpe

m. son 1,19; 2,2; 5,14; 7,3.11; 8,4.13; 9,17; 10,3.6.7; 14,5; c g H p e N T X N O M I A 2,9; 13,2.17; 14,8.15; 17,3.23*; 18,11; 19,17*; 20,4.5; Ach 42,14; c g H p e

M n x A K O 10,16;ti)Hpe

MnNoyie

Ach

41,6 u>opn

earliest, first 15,2

UJDC

m. herd, shepherd Ach 42,7(ci)xc)

cgcoc

despise 4,17

cgtDTe

f. well, pit Ach 43,7

QTopTp

shake, tremble 7,13; 11,11; 19,19; m. 5,13; 19,24*

u)Hye

f. altar; pi. o j H o y e 18,14

cgooye

be

dry

20,1;

cpoytDoyt

13,6

qjoyo

flow, empty;

cgoycgoy

m. pride 1,7

qjoeio)

m. dust 8,18; Sa

tD/iie

f. seventy Sa 14,25

qjxxe

speak, say 13,8; 16,16; Ach 41,3; 42,15; m. word 1,1

ujcnxn

be over, remain; m. remnant 11,23

cgoyeiTt

1

6,2.7; 20.8

13,28

1


seize, take 8,2; 10,1; 11,4; 17,11; 19,20;
HTOOY

m. four 7,6; 11,2; 12,8(
siD6€

deprive 3,6


jump 9,4

2*

prep. 8,7; 11,22*; 12,16; 17,10; 19,1*.9.11.20;

2X6

end 2,20; 17,17

2

xpo*

1,10.18

26

fall 9,5; 13,3(bis); 15,16*; 19,22*.24

26

f. manner 4,18; 12,4.20; 20,12; N e e 1,16.17.23; 5,19; 12,12.17; 13,6; 15,17; 17,13(bis).15*.20; Sa 13.28; 14,29; ue Ach 41,16; 42,17; 43,2 1

2H

f, forepart, beginning 12,16; 13,21*; 14,2*; 19,9.11

2H

f. stomach, body; 2 H T * 3,2; N 2 H T 11,7; N 2 H T * Ach 42,9; 43,3.15

2i

prep. 3,19; 5,13; 7,3.4(bis); 8,19; 13,21*; 14,2;

< S

3,18; 4,12;

16,1.4; 17,18.22*; Sa 14,13; IOXD* 4,15 1

2

20

f. face 7,5

2UXD*

self, also 4,18; 12,21*; 20,23

Apocalypse

110/

of

Elijah

2CDB

m.

thing;

2HB6

f.

mourning

p i .

2BOC

m.

clothing

2 Bcu)

f.

garment

gBHye

13,14

9,20 14,12 19,14

20XDK

gird;

2CDK

m.

20K*

2KO

b e h u n g r y 2,8; 19,16*

2HK6

poor

armour

18,5 4,15;

18,5

8,12

2xx

subst.

2CDX

f l y

with

2XXO

m. o l d man

2xxHT

m. b i r d ;

Sa

1

eipe

;

deceive

3,14

14,12 14,4

p i .

19,24*

2XX6T6

2Mooc

s i t 10,3( 2 M M O O C ) ; 17,22*

2MOT

m.

grace,

gift

2M2M

roar

2MX

m. v i n e g a r

2N

prep,

Ach

41,16

5,19 17,8

passim; G B O X 2 N 1,11.20( 9,14; 13,4; 15,16; 19,2.13

2 6N

indef.

2OYN

m.

2 INHB

sleep

2*n

m.

2pxi

m. u p p e r

6B6x);

2,1; 7,7;

a r t . p i . passim

inward

part;

620YN

adv.

4,3.19; 19,12

17,13*

judgement

Sa

part:

1

14,30 2 N 7,8;

2pxi

9,9;

12,7;

62pxi

12,6;

16,14; Sa 13,34( x 2 p x i ) ; 14,24; Ach 43,16; e p x i e- 7,9; 10,2.11; 11,11; 14,13; 17,1.8; 18,6.14; 6 p x i 6 X N - (exti)*) 1,14; 5,12.18; 8,12; 9,5; 14,21*; 16,13*; Sa 14,3; e p x i 2 I X M - 9,8 1

2

2

2

1

2

2pxi 2

p I T

2POOY

m. ?

lower

part;

x a p m

Ach

42,10.11;

43.17

11,1

m. v o i c e

2 ice

m.

2HT

m. m i n d ,

2,5;

suffering

8,16;

19,4;

Sa

1

14,33

16,10

heart

4,5.19.20; 5,2; 18,15;

CDN2THH

pity

1,10.18; 18,22* 206

I T 6

f.

garment

20T6

f.

fear

2COTB

k i l l

See

2CDTH

m.

10,15

5,8

4 16; 5,20; 7,12; 11,14.16; 16,3.15; 18,18; ?

Sa 2 iTN~

8,9;

1

13,33; Ach 42,14 ( a t O T B e )

Tcope setting

(of sun)

12,19*; 14,19*

Indices /ill

2

.TOOT*

See

2TOOY6 2

TCDpe

f. dawn, morning 15,17 m. day 4,4; 5,16; 6,1; 7,10.13; 8,8.10.11.15; 9,9 (bis); 10,8.18.20; 11,7.8.10; 16,2.4.6.16; 17,1*.17; 18,4.15.21; 19,18; 20,22*; Sa 13,27; 14,19.31.33; Ach 41,4.9.17; 42,2.16; 43,8

00Y

1

2

strike;

IOY6

2AXN", 2(DXn

2i

begin 6,4; 1 2 , 2 1 ( 2 0 Y )

TOOT*

many Ach 42,1

2X2 2 IXN

See

XCD*

shut Ach 43,7 ( 2 C D X 6

XX 6 I 6

m. desert 12,1

xe

conj. passim;

? )

6BOX

xe

2,16; 18,10

take, receive 2,5; 4,13; 5.21; 6,10.12; 7,5; 8,18; 11,15; 17,18; 18,2; Sa 14,11; Ach 42,13; X I T * 6,15; 10,11; 19,12; x i o p to ferry 17,12; m. ferry boat 17,11 1

X I

say 1,2; 3,2; 6,16; 7,17; 9,5; 10,2.5; 12,9; 14,14; 15.3.11; 16,7.13; 17,12; 18,7.17; 20,3*.4*.22*; Sa 13,23; 14,7; x o o * 1,2; 6,4; 7,1; 11,20*.23; 13,2.5.19; Ach 43,4; xxic imper. 1,2* 1

XCD

m. head 14,1*; e x N - p r e p . 1,4.14; 2,7; 5,12.18; 9,3; 15,1*.7; 16,14; 19,6.9.24*; Sa 14,3.5; 1

XCD*

excD*

7,11;

8,12;

9,5;

2XXCD*

12,5;

2I X N -

6,15; 7,15; 8,6; 9,8; 10,7; 12,15; 13,5; 15,14; 17,11; 19,7.20; 20,3; Sa 14,25; Ach 42,6; 2 I X C D * 9,4; Ach 43,12.13 1

X6KXXC

conj. 1,11; 3,14

X I N

prep. 3,11; 9,18( X N ) ; 19,7

X I N60NC

m. violence 8,11

xno

bear; x n 6

xpo

XO 6 I C

10,3

be strong 17,23* m. lord 2,15; nxoe ic 1,1.5.10; 2,6; 3,10.17; 4,1.5; 5,2.7; 11,23*; 15,5; 16,11.17; 17,14.21*; Sa 14,20; Ach 42,3( x x e i c ) 1

raise up, exalt 6,6 X I C 6

send 7,1; 13,19

XOOY

twenty;

XOYCOT

m. enemy 14,16; 15,13.14*; 16,18; Sa

xxxe 66

then, therefore 2,1.18; 3,9; 5,1; 8,16.19*; 20.12.15; Sa 13,29.31; Ach 42,10; 43,5.9

6 CD

remain 12,6

6XX6

lame, crippled person; pi.

(DMTXOYCDT

sixty 18,3 1

14,8

1

6XX6Y6Y

13,7

112/

Apocalypse of Elijah

6UXDX6

swathe, clothe; 6 o \ * 14,12

6AXOYB I 2

bald-headed person 14,1

60M

f. power, strength 13,17; 15,4; 16,16; 18,7.10; 20,6; Sa 14,9(bis); qr 4,18; 17,3; 18,9; 6M2,10; 5,6; 16,13; 19,17* 1

6 IN6

find; 6 M - 2,10( 6 N - ) ; 5,6; 6,13; 7,13; 18,9; 19,17*; 20,18.19*( 6 N - ) ; 6 N T * 4,16

60NC

might, violence; m . x i N 6 0 N C

6CDNT

become angry 14,17; 15,21*; 16,20*: 17,4; 18,12 ( 6 O N T ) ; m. 1,5;

4,1;

8,11

19,9;

Sa

1

14,22

60)116

seize, take 6,13; 7,15; 9,11.17; 6 e n - Sa

6pooMne

dove 12,13.14

60)p6

inhabit 10,12

60C

m. half 16,4

6 IX

f. hand 2,8; 4,6; 14,3; 19,7

1

13,32

Indices /113

INDEX OF PROPER NOUNS xccypioc

5,4.11; 11,1.14

rxBpIHX

19,10

6NCDX

15,8; Ach

lepoycxxHM

10,11.14; 14,14; 18,6

IOYAXIOC

10,10

42,11

IOYAXIX

14,13

KHM€

5,12.21; 6,2.9; 8,10.14.18; 9,1; 10,11; 11,6.7.8

Ktoc

11,5

MN16

7,9.10; 11,5.12.13

nepcHC

10,20*; 11,13.14(

nepcic

10,9

nexpicroc,

nepcoc).21*

n e x c 12,10.12.20*; 13,14; 17,19*; 18,18*.18.22; 19,6; 20,5.9; Ach 43,9; 44,2

TXBiex

14,10

OYPIHX

19,10

2 Hx i x c

15,8; Ach 42,11; 44,4