Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera Heteroptera), of Cuba (Faunistica)

THE PLANT BUGS, OR MIRIDAE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA), OF CUBA by Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 1

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba

2 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

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The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 3

THE PLANT BUGS, OR MIRIDAE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA), OF CUBA by

Luis M. Hernández and Thomas J. Henry

Sofia–Moscow 2010

4 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry THE PLANT BUGS, OR MIRIDAE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA), OF CUBA by Luis M. Hernández and Thomas J. Henry (LMH) The Natural History Museum, Department of Entomology, DCII 3rd Floor, South Side, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK E-mail: [email protected] (TJH) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, ARS, USDA, c/o P. O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-0168, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012 E-mail: [email protected]

First published 2010 ISBN 978-954-642-529-4 Pensoft Series Faunistica No 92 ISSN 1312-0174

© PENSOFT Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

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Printed in Bulgaria, March 2010

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 5

CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................................................... 14 Introduction .............................................................................................. 15 Methods ..................................................................................................... 16 Depositories .............................................................................................. 17 Cuban Geography.................................................................................... 18 Biogeography ........................................................................................... 19 Taxonomy .................................................................................................. 22 Key to Cuban subfamilies of Miridae ....................................................... 22 Subfamily Bryocorinae............................................................................. 23 Key to Cuban tribes of Bryocorinae ......................................................... 23 Tribe Bryocorini ...................................................................................... 24 Genus Monalocoris Dalhbom ................................................................... 24 M. americanus Wagner and Slater ....................................................... 24 Tribe Dicyphini ....................................................................................... 25 Key to Cuban genera of Dicyphini .......................................................... 25 Genus Engytatus Reuter ........................................................................... 26 Key to Cuban species of Engytatus ........................................................... 26 E. modestus (Distant) .......................................................................... 26 E. varians (Distant) ............................................................................ 27

6 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Genus Macrolophus Fieber ....................................................................... 28 Key to Cuban species of Macrolophus ....................................................... 28 M. basicornis (Stål) ............................................................................. 29 M. praeclarus (Distant) ....................................................................... 29 Genus Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy ..................................................................... 30 N. tenuis (Reuter) ............................................................................... 30 Tribe Eccritotarsini .................................................................................. 31 Key to Cuban genera of Eccritotarsini ..................................................... 31 Genus Aguayomiris Maldonado ................................................................ 32 A. pallipes Maldonado ........................................................................ 33 Genus Cubanomiris Hernández and Stonedahl ........................................ 33 C. pilosus Hernández and Stonedahl ................................................... 34 Genus Cyrtocapsus Reuter ........................................................................ 34 Key to the Cuban species of Cyrtocapsus ................................................... 34 C. caligineus (Stål) .............................................................................. 35 C. femoralis Reuter ............................................................................. 36 Genus Eurycipitia Reuter ......................................................................... 36 E. clarus (Distant) .............................................................................. 36 Genus Heterocoris Guérin-Menèville ........................................................ 37 H. dilatatus Guérin-Menèville ............................................................ 37 Genus Notolobus Reuter ........................................................................... 38 N. dimidiatus (Guérin-Menèville) ...................................................... 38 Genus Pycnoderes Guérin-Menèville ......................................................... 39 Key to the Cuban species of Pycnoderes .................................................... 39 P. angustatus Reuter ............................................................................ 40 P. quadrimaculatus Guérin-Menèville ................................................. 40 P. similaris, n. sp. ................................................................................ 41 P. vanduzeei Reuter............................................................................. 42

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 7

Genus Pycnoderiella Henry ...................................................................... 42 P. insularis Henry ............................................................................... 43 Genus Sysinas Distant .............................................................................. 43 S. centralis Distant .............................................................................. 43 Subfamily Cylapinae ................................................................................ 44 Tribe Fulviini ........................................................................................... 44 Genus Fulvius Stål ................................................................................... 44 Key to Cuban Species of Fulvius ............................................................. 45 F. anthocoroides (Reuter) ..................................................................... 45 F. bisbistillatus (Stål) ........................................................................... 46 F. cavernus, n. sp. ............................................................................... 46 Subfamily Deraeocorinae ......................................................................... 47 Key to Cuban tribes of Deraeocorinae ..................................................... 48 Tribe Clivinematini ................................................................................ 48 Genus Ambracius Stål............................................................................... 49 A. dufouri Stål .................................................................................... 49 Tribe Deraeocorini................................................................................... 50 Genus Diplozona Van Duzee.................................................................... 51 D. collaris Van Duzee ......................................................................... 51 Tribe Hyaliodini ...................................................................................... 51 Key to the Cuban genera of Hyaliodini.................................................... 52 Genus Hyaliodes Reuter ........................................................................... 52 H. vittaticornis Bruner ........................................................................ 52 Genus Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira ................................................... 53 P. cubanus (Bruner) ............................................................................ 53 Genus Paracarnus Distant ........................................................................ 54 Key to Cuban species of Paracarnus ........................................................ 54 P. myersi China ................................................................................... 55 P. puncticollis (Motschulsky) ............................................................... 56

8 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Tribe Surinamellini Carvalho and Rosas .................................................. 56 Genus Eustictus Reuter............................................................................. 57 Key to Cuban species of Eustictus ............................................................. 57 E. brunnipunctatus Maldonado .......................................................... 57 E. soroaensis, n. sp............................................................................... 58 Tribe Termatophylini ............................................................................... 58 Genus Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius ............................................. 59 T. pilosa Reuter and Poppius .............................................................. 59 Subfamily Isometopinae .......................................................................... 60 Tribe Diphlebini ...................................................................................... 60 Genus Diphleps Bergroth ......................................................................... 61 Key to the Cuban species of Diphleps ....................................................... 61 D. henryi Hernández .......................................................................... 61 D. maldonadoi Henry......................................................................... 62 Subfamily Mirinae ................................................................................... 62 Key to Cuban tribes of Mirinae ............................................................... 63 Tribe Mirini ............................................................................................. 63 Key to Cuban genera of Mirini ............................................................... 63 Genus Adelphocoris Reuter ....................................................................... 65 A. rapidus (Say) .................................................................................. 65 Genus Calondas Distant........................................................................... 66 C. fasciatus Distant ............................................................................. 66 Genus Creontiades Distant ....................................................................... 67 Key to the Cuban species of Creontiades ................................................... 67 C. debilis Van Duzee .......................................................................... 67 C. rubrinervis (Stål) ............................................................................ 68 Genus Dagbertus Distant ......................................................................... 68 Key to Cuban species of Dagbertus........................................................... 69 D. fasciatus (Reuter) ........................................................................... 69

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 9

D. olivaceus (Reuter) .......................................................................... 70 D. semipictus (Blatchley)..................................................................... 70 Genus Derophthalma Berg ....................................................................... 71 Key to Cuban species of Derophthalma ................................................... 71 D. elongata, n. sp. ............................................................................... 72 D. guantanamoensis, n. sp. .................................................................. 72 Genus Derophthalmoides Maldonado ....................................................... 74 D. multimaculatus Maldonado ........................................................... 74 Genus Horcias Distant ............................................................................. 74 H. multilineatus, n. sp. ....................................................................... 75 Genus Phytocoris Fallén ............................................................................ 76 Key to Cuban species of Phytocoris .......................................................... 77 P. angustifrons Knight ......................................................................... 78 P. ariadnae Hernández and Stonedahl ................................................ 79 P. armasi Hernández and Stonedahl ................................................... 80 P. banderae Hernández and Stonedahl ................................................ 80 P. cubensis Hernández and Stonedahl .................................................. 81 P. iani Hernández and Stonedahl........................................................ 81 P. imias Hernández and Stonedahl...................................................... 81 P. maestrensis Hernández and Stonedahl ............................................. 82 P. similaris Hernández and Stonedahl ................................................. 82 P. turquinensis Hernández and Stonedahl............................................ 83 Genus Polymerus Hahn ............................................................................ 83 P. testaceipes (Stål) ............................................................................... 83 Genus Proba Distant................................................................................ 85 P. distanti (Atkinson) .......................................................................... 85 Genus Taylorilygus Leston ........................................................................ 86 T. apicalis (Fieber) .............................................................................. 86 Genus Tropidosteptes Uhler....................................................................... 87

10 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Key to Cuban species of Tropidosteptes ..................................................... 87 T. cubanus, n. sp. ................................................................................ 88 T. tumidus, n. sp. ................................................................................ 88 Tribe Restheniini ..................................................................................... 89 Genus Prepops Reuter............................................................................... 90 Key to Cuban species of Prepops ............................................................... 90 P. atripennis (Reuter) .......................................................................... 91 P. candelariensis, n. sp. ........................................................................ 91 P. cruciferus (Berg) .............................................................................. 92 P. cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner ..................................................... 93 P. latipennis (Stål) ............................................................................... 93 P. maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes .................................................... 94 P. santiagoensis, n. sp. .......................................................................... 95 Tribe Stenodemini ................................................................................... 95 Key to Cuban genera of Stenodemini ...................................................... 96 Genus Collaria Provancher ...................................................................... 96 C. oleosa (Distant) .............................................................................. 97 Genus Dolichomiris Reuter ...................................................................... 98 D. linearis Reuter ............................................................................... 98 Genus Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes ............................................ 99 N. moaensis, n. sp. ............................................................................ 100 Genus Trigonotylus Fieber ...................................................................... 101 T. tenuis (Reuter).............................................................................. 101 Subfamily Orthotylinae ......................................................................... 102 Key to Cuban tribes of Orthotylinae...................................................... 102 Tribe Ceratocapsini................................................................................ 103 Genus Ceratocapsus Reuter ..................................................................... 103 Key to Cuban species of Ceratocapsus .................................................... 104 C. alayoi Hernández and Henry ....................................................... 105

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 11

C. avelinae Maldonado .................................................................... 105 C. cubanus Bergroth ......................................................................... 106 C. holguinensis Hernández and Henry .............................................. 107 C. punctulatus (Reuter)..................................................................... 107 C. stonedahli Hernández and Henry ................................................. 108 Genus Sericophanes Reuter ..................................................................... 109 S. parviceps Poppius.......................................................................... 109 Tribe Halticini ....................................................................................... 109 Genus Halticus Hahn............................................................................. 110 H. bractatus (Say) ............................................................................. 110 Tribe Orthotylini ................................................................................... 111 Key to Cuban genera of Orthotylini ...................................................... 111 Genus Falconia Distant .......................................................................... 112 Key to the Cuban species of Falconia ..................................................... 112 F. jamaicensis Carvalho ..................................................................... 113 F. semirasa (Distant) ......................................................................... 113 Genus Hyalochloria Reuter ..................................................................... 114 Key to the Cuban species of Hyalochloria ............................................... 114 H. caviceps Reuter ............................................................................ 115 H. unicolor Reuter ............................................................................ 115 Genus Itacoris Carvalho ......................................................................... 116 I. trimaculatus Maldonado ............................................................... 116 Genus Jobertus Distant ........................................................................... 117 J. chryselectrus Distant ...................................................................... 117 Genus Parthenicus Reuter ...................................................................... 118 P. sparsus (Distant)............................................................................ 118 Genus Proboscidotylus Henry .................................................................. 119 P. nigrosquamis (Maldonado) ............................................................ 120 Subfamily Phylinae ................................................................................ 120

12 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Key to Cuban tribes of Phylinae ............................................................ 120 Tribe Hallodapini .................................................................................. 121 Genus Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter .................................................................. 121 C. cubanus Poppius .......................................................................... 121 Tribe Leucophoropterini ........................................................................ 122 Genus Tytthus Fieber .............................................................................. 122 Key to Cuban species of Tytthus ............................................................. 122 T. neotropicalis (Carvalho) ................................................................ 123 T. parviceps (Reuter) ......................................................................... 123 Tribe Phylini .......................................................................................... 124 Key to Cuban genera of Phylini ............................................................. 124 Genus Platyscytus Reuter ........................................................................ 125 P. binotatus Reuter ............................................................................ 125 Genus Pseudatomoscelis Poppius ............................................................. 126 Key to Cuban species of Pseudatomoscelis ............................................... 126 P. insularis Henry ............................................................................. 127 P. seriata (Reuter) ............................................................................. 127 Genus Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy................................................................. 128 Key to Cuban species of Reuteroscopus .................................................... 128 R. hamatus Kelton ............................................................................ 128 R. ornatus (Reuter) ........................................................................... 129 Genus Rhinacloa Reuter ......................................................................... 130 Key to Cuban Species of Rhinacloa ........................................................ 130 R. basalis (Reuter) ............................................................................ 131 R. cardini (Barber and Bruner) ......................................................... 132 R. clavicornis (Reuter)....................................................................... 132 R. pallidipes Maldonado ................................................................... 133 Genus Spanagonicus Berg ....................................................................... 134 S. albofasciatus (Reuter) .................................................................... 134

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 13

Tribe Pilophorini ................................................................................... 134 Key to Cuban Genera of Pilophorini ..................................................... 135 Genus Pilophorus Hahn ......................................................................... 135 P. cubanus, n. sp. .............................................................................. 135 Genus Sthenaridea Reuter ...................................................................... 137 Key to Cuban Species of Sthenaridea...................................................... 137 S. araguaiana (Carvalho) .................................................................. 137 S. carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz ...................................................... 138 S. maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz .................................................. 139 S. vulgaris (Distant) .......................................................................... 139 Species of Miridae incorrectly listed from Cuba ..................................... 140 Acknowledgments ................................................................................ 142 References ............................................................................................... 143 Figures ...................................................................................................... 159 Index to Insect Names .......................................................................... 202 Index to Plant Names............................................................................ 211

14 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

ABSTRACT The plant bugs, or Miridae (Heteroptera), of Cuba are reviewed. Prior to this study, 55 genera and about 80 species were known from Cuba. Heterocoris cyaneus Knight is synonymized under Heterocoris dilatataus Guérin-Menèville, new synonymy; and Adfalconia bicolor Maldonado, under Falconia semirasa (Distant), new synonymy. The four species Atractotomus rubidus (Uhler), Polymerus basalis (Reuter), Proba sallei (Stål), and Sixeonotus insignis Reuter are excluded from the Cuban list based on examination of Pastor Alayo’s material and the literature. The following new species are described: Pycnoderes similaris, n. sp. (Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini); Fulvius cavernus, n. sp. (Cylapinae: Fulviini); Eustictus soroaensis, n. sp. (Deraeocorinae: Surinamellini); Derophthalma guantanamoensis, n. sp.; D. elongata, n. sp. (Mirinae: Mirini); Horcias multilineatus, n. sp. (Mirinae: Mirini); Tropidosteptes cubanus, n. sp.; T. tumidus, n. sp. (Mirinae: Mirini); Prepops candelariensis, n. sp.; Prepops santiagoensis, n. sp. (Mirinae: Restheniini); Neotropicomoris moaensis, n. sp. (Mirinae: Stenodemini); and Pilophorus maldonadoi, n. sp. (Phylinae: Pilophorini). With the description of 12 new species, the removal of four misidentified species, two new synonymies, and new records for two genera and 18 species, 57 genera and 105 species are now known from Cuba. A diagnosis is provided for each genus and species, and information on distribution and host plants is given. Male genitalia are illustrated for most species, and a color or black and white dorsal habitus photograph is provided for all available species. The biogeography of the Cuban and West Indian mirid fauna is discussed.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 15

INTRODUCTION The Miridae, commonly called plant bugs, represent the largest family in the Heteroptera (Hemiptera), with well over a quarter to one third of the known species (Henry and Wheeler, 1988; Henry, 2009a). The family comprises about 1,200 genera and more than 10,000 described species (Schuh, 1995; http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog/), although it is estimated that the world fauna will exceed 20,000 species when the tropical regions are more fully studied (Henry and Wheeler, 1988). Guérin-Menèville (1857) produced the first paper devoted exclusively to Cuban Heteroptera, which included descriptions of the new mirids Heterocoris dilatatus, Notolobus dimidiatus, and Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus. Valdés (1910, 1914) provided a checklist and catalog of the insects based on the collection in the Museo de Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de la Habana (now Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática). China (1931) added one new species of Hyaliodini (Deraeocorinae) and Bruner (1934) described three additional new hyaliodines and gave a key to these and the known species of Engytatus Reuter (as Cyrtopeltis Fieber), Macrolopus Fieber, and Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy (as Cyrtopeltis). Barber and Bruner (1946) described a number of new Heteroptera, including one new phyline, Rhinacloa cardini. Alayo (1974) produced the most comprehensive treatment of Cuban Miridae to date, which included 35 genera, 44 species, diagnoses of all species, host information, and habitus illustrations for 28 species. Zayas (1988) discussed 39 species of Miridae and reprinted Alayo’s (1974) figures in his synopsis of the Heteroptera of Cuba. Maldonado (1986) provided a useful synopsis based largely on Alayo’s (1974) list that included descriptions of two new genera, five new species, keys to the bryocorine and ceratocapsine genera, and numerous redescriptions and clarifications of confused or poorly known taxa. More recently, Hernández (1993) described one new species of Diphleps Bergroth (Isometopinae); Hernández and Stonedahl (1996, 1997a) described a new genus and species of Eccritotarsini (Bryocorinae) and nine new species of Phytocoris Fallén; and Hernández and Henry (1999) added three new Ceratocapsus Reuter. Based on these papers, about seven subfamilies, 55 genera, and about 80 species of Miridae were known from Cuba before the present study (Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b). Considering the fragmented knowledge of the Cuban Miridae, the length of time that has passed since the last comprehensive treatment (Alayo 1974) [largely followed by Zayas (1988)], and the availability of considerable new and unworked material, we felt a

16 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

synopsis of the Cuban Miridae was appropriate. This work is based on the literature and the first author’s study of collections housed in Cuban institutions and other material found primarily in the collections of The Natural History Museum, London, UK, and The National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Herein, we record 57 genera and 105 species of Miridae for Cuba.

METHODS Keys to subfamilies, tribes, and genera are largely original, except where noted as adapted from various sources with certain modifications, including Carvalho (1952b; 1955a), Alayo (1974), Schuh (1974), Hernández (1993), and Schuh and Slater (1995). The terminology and structure for pretarsi follow that of Schuh (1976) and Carvalho and Costa (1997) (Figs. 1–10). We follow Kelton (1959) and Konstantinov (2003) for genitalic terms, with minor exceptions. Keys to the higher group categories are modified from the literature (e.g., Alayo, 1974; Hernández, 1993; Carvalho and Costa, 1997). Keys to genera and species are written for the identification of taxa known from Cuba and may have limited application outside this region. Dissections of the male genitalia were performed using the technique described by Kelton (1959). The vesica was illustrated with the secondary gonopore facing upward and the membranous lobes directed away from the observer following Stonedahl (1988a, b). Genitalia were maintained in glycerine jelly during illustration using a Wild M4A compound microscope and Wild M20 stereoscopic microscope with a camera lucida. After study, genitalic structures were placed in microvials containing glycerine and pinned to the specimen for permanent storage. Color images were captured using an EntoVision Imaging Suite that included a JVC Ky-75 3CCD digital camera mounted to a Leica M16 zoom lens via a Leica z-step microscope stand. Multiple focal planes were merged using Cartograph 5.6.0 (Microvision Instruments, France) software. Plates were created in Adobe Photoshop CS4 and numbered using Adobe Illustrator CS4. Localities, habitats, and hosts were obtained from the literature; the index card catalogue of Estación Experimental Agronómica Santiago de Las Vegas (Ciudad Habana) [now in IES]; and specimens housed in the collection of the Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática (IES) (Ciudad Habana), Laboratorio de Taxonomía (Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas,Villa Clara, Cuba), The Natural History Museum (London), the National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D.C.). If a literature citation is not given under hosts, the record is from the card catalogue at IES. All measurements were taken with an ocular micrometer and are given in millimeters.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 17

For each locality, the province, according to the political divisions in Cuba since 1974, is given in parentheses. Label data for holotypes and paratypes are recorded verbatim and are listed separately. Only the total number of specimens is given for specimens examined—without reference to sex. The reason for this deviation from usual protocol is that early in the preparation of this manuscript, most material borrowed from Cuban institutions was returned after they were identified and before these data were collected. Subsequently, complications beyond our control prevented reborrowing of these specimens to determine the sexes and number of specimens examined from specific localities. In species treatments, the citation of the original description, papers relevant to taxonomic history in Cuba, and those including Cuban records are given. A more complete listing of synonyms and world distribution of species can be found in the Carvalho (1957–1959), Henry and Wheeler (1988), and Schuh (1995) catalogues. Scientific plant names were checked against the International Plant Names Index (2009) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), NRCS, The PLANTS Database (2009). Wheeler’s (2001) Biology of the Miridae and the papers cited therein are major sources of additional biological information, including hosts, biology, feeding habits, and economic importance. This paper is organized alphabetically by subfamily, tribe, genus, and species, and follows Schuh (1995), with a few exceptions. We recognize the orthotyline tribe Ceratocapsini based on papers by Carvalho et al. (1983) and Henry (1985a, 1994, 2000, 2006) and follow the two-tribe classification documented by Gorczyca (2000) for the Cylapinae. Provided for each previously known species are a diagnosis, information on hosts and distribution, a color or black and white dorsal photograph (when specimens were available), and illustrations of male genitalia for most species. For new species, a detailed diagnosis and description, a dorsal photograph, and illustrations of male genitalia are given.

DEPOSITORIES The following acronyms are used for institutions cited herein: AMNH (American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA); BMNH (The Natural History Museum, London, UK); HG (Colección Horacio Grillo, Laboratario de Taxonomia, Universidad Central de las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba); IES (Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, La Habana, Cuba); MM (Moravavske Museum, Brno, Czech Republic); USNM (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA); and ZMA (Zoological Museum, Entomology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).

18 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

CUBAN GEOGRAPHY The Cuban archipelago (Map 1), located in the Caribbean Sea (21E3’N, 80E,00’W), is comprised of the main island and more than 4,000 much smaller surrounding islands. It is located 145 km (90 mi) south of Florida (USA), 146 km (91 mi) north of Jamaica, 80 km (50 mi) west of Haiti, and 210 km (130 mi) east of Mexico. The largest of the Caribbean islands, Cuba is rivaled only by Hispaniola in size and diversity. It is 1,199 km (745 mi) long and 200 km (124 mi) across the widest point and has a total land area of 105,006 sq. km (40,543 sq. mi). The topography is mostly flat to rolling plains, with hills and mountains in the Southeast. Pico Turquino at 2,005 m (6,578 ft) is the highest point in Cuba. The second largest island is Isla de la Juventud, with an area of 3,056 sq. km (1,179.9 sq. mi). Cuba is separated into one municipality and 14 provinces (Map 1): Isla de la Juventud (Island of Youth), Pinar del Rio, La Habana (Havana), Ciudad de la Habana (Havana City), Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spíritus, Ciego de Ávila, Camagüey, Las Tunas, Granma, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, and Guantánamo. The

24°N

m 1000 Havana City La Habana

Archipiélago de Sabana

750

Matanzas Villa Clara

22°N

Pinar del Rio

Cienfuegos Isla de la Juventud

500

Archipiélago de Camagüey

Sancti Spíritus Ciego de Ávila

250 Camagüey

Las Tunas

Archipiélago de la Reina

Holguín

0

Couto River

Manzanillo

Granma Santiago de Guantánamo Cuba

20°N

km 0

100

200

18°N 84°W

82°W

80°W

78°W

76°W

74°W

Map 1. Cuban outline map with provinces (modified from http://www.worldmapfinder.com/En/ North_America/Cuba).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 19

population of Cuba is 11,346,670 (2005 estimate); its largest city and capital is Havana, with a population of 2,400,000 (CNAP, 2002; Wikipedia, 2009).

BIOGEOGRAPHY Although no attempts have been made to analyse the origin of the Cuban and West Indian mirid fauna, we consider factors that seem the most important in influencing the distribution of Miridae in the Antilles. Brown (1978) and Slater (1988) considered four levels of endemism for the West Indian butterflies and lygaeoid faunas: family, genus, species, and subspecies. No endemism is known at the family level in those groups, which is also true for the Miridae. The rate of endemism at the generic level is low in the West Indies (Table 1). Cuba, the largest island in the Antilles, has five endemic genera, followed by Jamaica (three), Puerto Rico (one) and Hispaniola (one). In contrast, the percentage of endemism at the species level is very high, especially in the Greater Antilles (Table 1). Although studies such as those by Uhler (1893, 1894), Reuter (1907), Van Duzee (1907), Alayo (1974), Maldonado (1969, 1986, 1991), and Schuh and Schwartz (1985, 1988) have greatly increased our knowledge of the systematics of Caribbean Miridae, many groups remain poorly collected and require further taxonomic study. This is particularly true of the Lesser Antilles and many upland areas of the Greater Antilles, such as the high mountains of west, central and east Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica. In this study, we document 10 new generic records, 15 new species records (Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b), and describe 12 new species, bringing the total number of Miridae known from Cuba to 57 genera and 105 species. The Cuban mirid fauna can be divided into four components: endemic, Neotropical, cosmopolitan, and Nearctic. 1. Genera endemic to Cuba and Antilles are Aguayomiris, Cubanomiris, Derophthalmoides, Heterocoris, and Notolobus. 2. Cosmopolitan genera are Creontiades, Fulvius, Macrolophus, Monalocoris, Phytocoris, Pilophorus, Polymerus, and Trigonotylus, 3. Nearctic elements are Adelphocoris, Cyrtopeltocoris, and Pseudatomoscelis. 4. Neotropical elements comprise most other genera in the family (e.g., Ceratocapsus, Collaria, Derophthalma, Eurycipitia, Itacoris, Pycnoderes, and Reuteroscopus). The strong affinities of the Caribbean fauna with that of Central and South America are well documented (Liebherr, 1988). Suitable biogeographic explanations as to whether dispersal or vicariance contributed more to the diversification of the Antillean fauna remain controversial (Liebherr, 1988). In several groups of animals (e.g., butterflies,

20 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Trichoptera, ants, frogs), a combined model of dispersal and vicariance better explains the origin of the group, rather than a single model, whereas an overwater dispersal in the Lygaeoidea might be most important (Baranowski and Slater, 2005). Oversea dispersal on plant rafts and other floating debris (Darlington, 1930), however, does not appear to be important in the distribution of Caribbean Miridae. Although mirids deposit eggs inside plant tissue, they remain very sensitive to external conditions (e.g., salt water) because of the exposed operculum (Wheeler, 2001). Also phytophagous mirids hatching from plant material would need immediate access to the host plants for nutrition and moisture, which is unlikely unless the plant species are established in litoral habitats on the founding island. Henry and Wheeler (1982) stated that the movement of commercial fruit plants may be responsible for the introduction of some species from the Antilles to Florida (e.g., eggs inside fruits and stems; adults and nymphs on nursery stock). This method of dispersal is well documented within the Holarctic mirid fauna (Wheeler and Henry, 1992). Moreover, Henry and Wheeler (1982) agreed that the effect of strong winds is a major source of dispersal for Miridae in the Caribbean, arguing that mirids are capable of long-range dispersal by self-sustained flights as well as passive movements on convective air currents (see also discussion in Wheeler, 2001). This idea is supported by Brailovsky (1985) and Brailovsky and Garcia (1987) in explaining the distributions of several genera of Coreidae in the Caribbean. Wheeler and Henry (1992) also pointed out that many species of grass-feeding Miridae deposit eggs in the seeds of graminaceous plants, which are easily carried on strong wind currents. Many authors, however, do not accept that dispersal has had a significant effect on the present-day distribution of many insects (Miller and Miller, 1989). Rosen (1975) presented a vicariant model to explain the biogeography of the Caribbean, commencing in the early Eocene (50 mya) and passing through four major stages (Miller and Miller, 1989). Vicariance events among land masses connected in the past seem a better explanation for the distributions of some group of insects and mammals in the West Indies (Liebherr, 1988; Roisin et al. 1996). Liebherr (1988), in his analysis of Platynus Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae), used Rosen’s (1975) tectonic model to show that the origin of the species of this genus in the West Indies came from an ancestor “track,” occurring on mainland Central America. He concluded that a mixture of overwater dispersal and vicariance events best explained the origin of the present fauna. We accept that the occurrence of these two events seems to explain the distribution of the Miridae in the Caribbean and agree with Wheeler and Henry (1992) and Hernández and Stonedahl (1997a) that an extensive survey of the West Indies and southern Florida is needed to better elucidate the origin of the Caribbean mirid fauna. We hope the present treatise encourages additional island studies that will expand our knowledge of this poorly studied region.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 21

Table 1. Diversity of the Caribbean Miridae (information collected from Carvalho, 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1959; Henry and Wheeler, 1988, 1992; and Schuh, 1995). ISLANDS Bahamas Bermuda

No. Gen. 6 11

No. Sp. 8 11

No. Endemic Gen. (%) 0 (0) 0 (0)

No. Endemic Sp. (%) 0 (0.82) 1 (0.82)

Greater Antilles Cuba Isla de la Juventud Cayman Islands Jamaica Hispaniola Puerto Rico

54 16 ? 36 22 40

110 18 8 48 28 63

5 (2.87) 0 (0) ? (?) 3 (1.44) 1 (0.48) 1 (0.48)

29 (13.15) 0 (0) ? (?) 18 (8.14) 7 (3.16) 27 (12.21)

Leeward Islands Virgin Islands Guadaloupe Antigua Dominica St. Eustatius Saba Island

2 11 5 5 2 1

4 13 7 13 2 1

0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

2 (0.90) 7 (3.15) 0 (0) 1 (0.48) 0 (0) 1 (0.90)

Windward Islands Martinique Grenada St. Vincent

2 15 7

2 23 7

0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

1 (0.45) 4 (1.80) 2 (0.90)

Netherlands Antilles Trinidad-Tobago

7 9

11 18

0 (0) 0(0)

3 (1.20) 2 (0.90)

22 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

TAXONOMY Key to Cuban Subfamilies of Miridae (Modified from Alayo, 1974; Hernández, 1993; Carvalho and Costa, 1997) 1. –

Tarsi two segmented, the first segment shorter than the second; ocelli present (Fig. 44) .....................................................................Isometopinae Baerensprung Tarsi three segmented (Figs. 9, 10); ocelli absent .................................................2

2. –

Parempodia large and free, arising between the claws (Figs. 6, 7) ........................ 3 Parempodia absent, substituted by a pair of straight setae (Figs. 4, 5, 8) ..............4

3.

Parempodia divergent at apices, usually dilated (Fig. 6); prominent pronotal collar present, separated from pronotum by a deep furrow……............... Mirinae Hahn Parempodia convergent at apices, usually slender (Fig. 7); pronotal collar absent, if present, narrow and not separated from pronotum by a deep furrow ..................... .......................................................................................Orthotylinae Van Duzee

–

4. – 5. –

6 –

Pulvilli present, free, or connected along inner surface of claws, sometimes difficult to see, in which case the collar is always absent ................................................... 5 Pulvilli absent; collar present or absent, when absent, claws very long, smooth, and slender ................................................................................................................6 Pulvilli arising from the base or inner margin of claw (Fig. 8); hemelytral membrane with two cells; tarsi uniformly slender ........................Phylinae Douglas and Scott Pulvilli arising from the ventral surface of the claw (Fig. 2); hemelytral membrane with one or two cells (Dicyphini); tarsi thickened distally (Eccritotarsini) or very slender with very tiny pretarsi (Dicyphini) ...................Bryocorinae Baerensprung Claws distinctly toothed at bases (Fig. 3), never toothed apically ........................... .........................................................................Deraeocorinae Douglas and Scott Claws not toothed or thickened basally (Fig. 4), apex always with a fine subapical tooth visible under relatively high magnification ....................Cylapinae Kirkaldly

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 23

Subfamily Bryocorinae Baerensprung Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of three-segmented tarsi, pulvilli attached at base of claw (sometimes difficult to see), the often distally thickened tarsi, or if slender, with tiny, indistinct claws. Eccritotarsines usually have only one closed cell on the hemelytral membrane. Remarks. This is fourth largest subfamily of Miridae, comprised of three tribes, five subtribes, and about 200 genera (Schuh and Slater, 1995). Schuh (1995) and Schuh and Slater (1995) included the Dicyphini (including Dicyphina, Monaloniina, and Odoniellina), previously recognized as a subfamily (Cassis, 1984), with the Bryocorini and Eccritotarsini (including Eccritotarsina and Palaucorina). Carvalho and Ferreira (1995) provided a key to separate the bryocorine genera in the Neotropical Region. The Bryocorinae are represented in Cuba by three tribes, 12 genera, and 17 species.

Key to Cuban Tribes of Bryocorinae (Modified from Schuh and Slater, 1995) 1.

–

2.

–

Tarsi uniformly slender; slender, delicate species, sometimes spotted dorsally; genital capsule often bearing tubercules or processes on the right side (Fig. 123, 129); pretarsal structures very small, pulvilli small; parempodia present (Fig. 5) ............. ..................................................................................................Dicyphini Reuter Tarsi dilated distally; oval, robust species, without dorsal spots; genital capsule without tubercules on the right side; pulvilli large, distinct; parempodia present or absent (Figs. 2) ....................................................................................................2 Claws without true pulvilli, but with pseudopulvilli arising from the unguitractor plate, recurved and convergent apically; parempodia absent; metathoracic scent efferent system with bulbous peritremal disc and distinct ostiolar canal ................. ......................................................................................Bryocorini Baerensprung Claws with large and flattened pulvilli (Fig. 2), arising or continuing from the inner claw surface, without pseudopulvilli; parempodia asymmetrical; metathoracic scent efferent system usually with a narrow tongue-shaped peritremal disc and weakly developed ostiolar canal............................................................Eccritotarsini Berg

24 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Tribe Bryocorini Baerensprung Diagnosis. Members of this tribe have a rounded pronotal collar, a reduced number of femoral trichobothria, and all species feed on ferns (Schuh, 1976, 1995; Schuh and Slater, 1995; Wheeler, 2001). Remarks. Only one of the five known genera occurs in Cuba.

Genus Monalocoris Dalhbom Monalocoris Dalhbom, 1851: 209. Type species: Cimex filicis Linnaeus, 1758. Diagnosis. Small, oval, pale yellow to brown species. Head short. Labium not surpassing apex of mesocoxae. Pronotum finely punctate, with posterior margin straight; collar width less than width of antennal segment II. Hemelytra broadly rounded, embolium wide; cuneal fracture distinct. This genus is comprised of 14 species (Schuh, 1995), with only two previously known from the West Indies. Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater (Figs. 11, 119-121) Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater, 1952: 270 (in part); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 259 (cat., in part); Schuh, 1995: 478 (cat., in part); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Monalocoris filicis: Bruner et al., 1945: 69 (host); Alayo, 1974: 18 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 131 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note); Zayas, 1988: 143 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 479 (cat., in part). Diagnosis. Male: Broadly rounded; general coloration pale yellow, some specimens darker yellowish brown, especially on scutellum, clavus, and inner portion of corium. Antennal segment I longer than head length in dorsal view, pale yellow; II three times longer than I, pale yellow basally, brown to apex; III and IV subequal, brown; all segments covered with short, erect, yellow setae. Pronotum distinctly, but finely punctate. Scutellum and hemelytra with semierect, yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 119-121). Total length 2.00-2.25 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 11). Similar to male in general shape and coloration. Host. Collected on Dryopteris oligophylla Maxin [Aspidiaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 25

Specimens Examined. Cuba, 6 specimens: Hoyo de Fania, Viñales (Pinar del Rio); Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana) (BMNH, HG, IES). USA: 10 specimens: Massachusetts (BMNH). Discussion. All records of M. filicis (Linnaeus) in the New World should be referred to M. americanus. The left paramere of the specimens examined is similar to the one of M. americanus figured by Wagner and Slater (1952), although the Cuban specimens are slightly smaller, less robust, and paler yellowish brown than specimens from the United States. Maldonado (1986) considered records of M. filicis from Cuba to be a misidentification of M. americanus.

Tribe Dicyphini Reuter Diagnosis. Body elongate to elongate oval. Head elongate, often extended behind weakly protrudent eyes. Antenna evenly slender. Pronotum trapeziform, with a distinct narrow collar, anterior margin much narrower than posterior margin. Mesoscutum wide, broadly exposed; scutellum equilateral. Hemelytron entire, often translucent in Cuban taxa. Metathoracic auricle and evaporative area often reduced. Discussion. The position of Dicyphinae is problematic. Carvalho (1955a), Alayo (1974), and Maldonado (1986) treated it as a part of the Pilophorinae, at the time considered a subfamily. Schuh (1974, 1976), however, moved the dicyphines to Bryocorinae, a placement followed by Henry and Wheeler (1988) and Schuh and Slater (1995). Other authors, such as Cassis (1986), Carvalho and Ferreira (1994b), and Carvalho and Costa (1997), have considered it a separate subfamily. We follow Schuh’s (1976) arrangement in this paper, recognizing that the current placement of the Dicyphini requires additional study. This tribe is represented in Cuba by three genera and five species.

Key to Cuban Genera of Dicyphini 1. – 2.

Side of head behind eyes parallel, with a black vitta behind each eye; eyes small, oblique; postocular distance of head almost equal to dorsal width of eye; male genitalia (Figs.124-127) dorsal habitus (Figs. 14,15) ............... Macrolophus Fieber Side of head behind eyes convergent, without a black vitta behind each eye; eyes larger, more prominent; postocular distance of head always less than eye width ............... 2 Right margin of genital capsule with a narrow, elongate, undivided tubercle or process on the right side (Fig. 129); left paramere larger than tubercle on genital capsule, elbowed, with apical half long and slender (Fig. 128); dorsal habitus (Fig. 16) ...... .............................................................................................Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy

26 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

–

Right margin of genital capsule usually with a bifurcate process (Fig. 123); left paramere flattened apically, shorter than process on genital capsule; dorsal habitus (Figs. 12,13)................................................................................Engytatus Reuter

Genus Engytatus Reuter Engytatus Reuter 1876: 82. Type species: Engytatus geniculatus Reuter, 1876. Preoccupied. Next available name Neosilia modesta Distant, 1893. Diagnosis. Species of this genus can be recognized by the characters given in the preceding generic key, especially by the bifurcate process on the genital capsule. Females of the genus are more difficult to distinguish without an association with males. Discussion. Engytatus, comprising 25 described species, now includes species originally placed in Cyrtopeltis Fieber (Schuh, 1995). Cassis (1984) revised the subgeneric concepts of Cyrtopeltis and gave generic status to several subgenera, including Engytatus. In doing so, he restricted Cyrtopeltis (sensu stricto) to the Palearctic and Oriental regions. Engytatus is represented in Cuba by two species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Engytatus 1.

–

Head uniformly pale green to greenish yellow; antennal segment I dark brown, with apex narrowly pale; hind femora immaculate or with only a few indistinct spots; length 3.75-4.00 mm; distal blade of left paramere (Fig. 122) relatively slender apically; dorsal habitus (Fig. 12) .............................................. modestus (Distant) Head pale, with a dark brown ring around neck behind eye, frons and clypeus dark brown, leaving a narrow pale ring around eye; antennal segment I dark brown on basal half (except narrowly pale at base) and pale or white on distal half; hind femora distinctly spotted; length 3.20 mm; distal blade of left paramere broader; dorsal habitus (Fig. 13) ...............................................................varians (Distant) Engytatus modestus (Distant) (Figs. 12, 122, 123)

Neosilia modesta Distant, 1893: 447 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 802. Cyrtopeltis (Engytatus) modestus: Carvalho, 1958a: 186 (cat.). Cyrtopeltis modesta: Maldonado, 1969: 68 (descrip., host); 1986: 133 (list); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 260 (cat.).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 27

Engytatus modestus: Schuh, 1995: 497 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 12). Overall coloration pale yellowish green, lacking dark markings on the head, hemelytra, and hind femur. Similar to E. varians, but distinguished by the pale head and hemelytra, non- or less-spotted hind femur, and the more apically expanded left paramere. Also, similar to Nesidiocoris tenuis but distinguished by the paler hemelytra and the bifurcate process on the male genital capsule. Genitalia (Figs. 122,123). Total length 3.75-3.90 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae]. This species has been reported preying on dipteran and lepidopteran eggs and larvae, aphids, and mealybugs (Wheeler, 2001). Type material examined. Neosilia modesta Distant, Lectotype ♀, Guatemala, S. Geronimo, Champion (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 12 specimens: Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio). Alqüizar (La Habana). Finca La Chata; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Baracoa (Guantánamo). Bayamo (Granma). Pico Cuba (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, IES). Discussion. We have not seen the specimens identified by Maldonado (1986) as Cyrtopeltis modesta from Cuba. Engytatus varians (Distant) (Fig. 13) Neoproba varians Distant, 1884: 271 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 809. Engytatus varians: Carvalho, 1958a: 187 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 498 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Cyrtopeltis varians: Bruner et al., 1945: 103, 117 (host); Alayo, 1974: 24 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 193 (host); Maldonado, 1969: 71 (descrip., host), 1986: 133 (note); Zayas, 1988: 145 (diag.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 13). General coloration pale green or pale greenish yellow. Eyes blackish red; ring behind eyes, frons, and clypeus dark brown. Antennal segment I brown on basal half (except narrowly pale base), pale or whitish on distal half; II brown, slightly paler at middle; III and IV brown. Pronotum pale green. Hemelytron greenish with apex of corium (embolium) and cuneus dark brown. Legs yellow, with distinct brown spots on hind femur; tarsi brown. Total length 3.20 mm. This species is very similar to Nesidiocoris tenuis in general appearance, including the dark markings on the head and apex of the corium and cuneus, but is readily distinguished by the dark spots on the hind femur and the two-pronged process on the genital capsule.

28 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Reported from Amaranthus sp. [Amaranthaceae]; Helianthus annuus L. [Asteraceae]; Heterotrichum cymosum Urb. [Melastomataceae]; tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae]; Martynia annua L. [Pedaliaceae]; Mentha requienii Benth. [Lamiaceae]; Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae]; Selinum sp. [Apiaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975; IES). Type material examined. Lectotype ♂ and paralectotype ♀ (glued to same card), Guatemala: S. Geronimo, Champion (BMNH). Other specimens examined. No Cuban specimens examined. Discussion. We have not seen the specimens identified as C. varians by Maldonado (1986), but have examined other material from Puerto Rico. Distant (1884) noted that the coloration of this species is variable, with the second joint of the antennae sometimes annulated with pale yellow. We have examined numerous specimens in the USNM collection from the Neotropics and find that, although this species is widely recorded from South and Central America and the West Indies, all records outside of Guatemala (the type locality) need verification.

Genus Macrolophus Fieber Macrolophus Fieber, 1858: 326. Type species: Capsus nubilus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835. Preoccupied. Next available name Phytocoris pygmaeus Rambur, 1839 (Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 264). Diagnosis. Species parallel-sided. Head elongate; postocular margin of vertex strongly convex, always marked with a dark stripe behind eye; clypeus strongly pointed in front of frons and widely separated from eyes. Hemelytra often brown spotted. Discussion. Some species prey on whiteflies, aphids, and tetranychid mites, and are often used for biological control in greenhouses (e.g., Ferran et al., 1996; Wheeler, 2001). Macrolophus contains 25 described species (Schuh, 1995). The New World species are in need of revision. Two species occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Species of Macrolophus 1. –

Dorsum uniformly pale yellow, except for the uniformly brown scutellum; antennal segment II dark brown on distal third; dorsal habitus (Fig. 14) ..... basicornis (Stål) Dorsum pale green, with apex of scutellum and a round spot at apex of corium dark brown, clavus and corium evenly sprinkled with tiny, brown, setigerous spots; antennal segment II uniformly pale; dorsal habitus (Fig. 15) ................... ...............................................................................................praeclarus (Distant)

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 29

Macrolophus basicornis (Stål) (Figs. 14, 124, 125) Deraeocoris basicornis Stål, 1860: 52 (orig. descrip.). Pandama aureus Distant, 1883: 432 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1945b: 530. Macrolophus basicornis: Alayo, 1974: 25 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 499 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 14). This species is shorter and more robust than M. praeclarus. General coloration pale yellow, with only the scutellum dark brown. Antennal segment I dark brown to black; apical third of segment II dark brown to black; remaining segments pale brown. Labium reaching metacoxae. Pronotum and scutellum covered with erect, brown setae. Genitalia (Figs. 124, 125). Total length 3.00-3.15 mm. Female: Similar to male in color and general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type specimen examined. Pandama aureus Distant, 1883: Holotype ♀, Guatemala, Las Mercedes, 300 ft, Champion (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 8 specimens: Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas). Jibacoa (Villa Clara) (HG). Macrolophus praeclarus (Distant) (Figs. 15, 126, 127) Pandama praeclara Distant, 1884: 271 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 805. Macrolophus praeclarus: Bruner et al., 1945: 117 (host); Carvalho, 1958a: 204 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 25 (diag.); Bruner et al., 1975: 220 (host); Zayas, 1988: 146 (note); Schuh, 1995: 500 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 15). Similar to Macrolophus basicornis, but can be distinguished by the narrower body form and dark brown spot on apex of the corium. Antennal segment I brown; remaining segments pale yellowish brown. Labium extending to or beyond metacoxae. Mesoscutum yellow with two parallel, pale brown stripes. Scutellum brownish green. Pronotum greenish, posterior lobe brown in some specimens. Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, and hemelytra with brown setae, setae on the hemelytra arising from distinct brown spots. Genitalia (Figs. 126, 127). Total length 3.15-3.30 mm. Female: Similar to male in general aspect.

30 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Hosts. This species develops on Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975). It has also been collected on Martynia annua L. [Pedaliaceae], sympatric with Engytatus modestus and Nesidiocoris tenuis. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂: Guatemala, S. Geronimo, Champion (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 18 specimens: Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas (formerly Estaciòn Experimental Agronómica, E.E.A.) (Ciudad de la Habana). Soledad (Cienfuegos) (1 ♂ BMNH; HG, IES).

Genus Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy, 1902: 247. Type species: Nesidiocoris volucer Kirkaldy, 1902, a junior synonym of Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reuter, 1895. Diagnosis. Species in this genus resemble those of Engytatus, but they can be distinguished by the single rather than bifurcate process on the genital capsule. Discussion. Twenty-five species of Nesidiocoris are known (Schuh, 1995). Only one widespread species occurs in Cuba. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Figs. 16, 128-130) Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reuter, 1895: 139 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 103 (host); Alayo, 1974: 24 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 192 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note, host); Zayas, 1988: 145 (note). Cyrtopeltis (Nesidiocoris) tenuis: Carvalho, 1958a: 188 (cat.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 260 (cat.). Nesidiocoris tenuis: Schuh, 1995: 503 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 16). Head pale yellowish green; eyes black. Antennal segment I dark brown, middle, base, and apex yellowish; segment II yellowish, dark brown basally, apex slightly darker; segments III and IV dark brown. Hemelytron with outer area of corium near cuneal fracture and apex of cuneus dark brown. Femora uniformly pale yellowish green, without black spots; tibiae pale yellowish green with bases dark brown or fuscous. Genitalia (Figs. 128-130); genital capsule with a single, elongate process (process bifurcate in species of Engytatus). Total length 3.00-3.50 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Recorded from tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae], and Sesamum orientale Sieber ex Presl [Pedaliaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975). It also has been observed attacking first-instar larvae of Heliothis virescens

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 31

(Fabricius) (Lepidoptera) (Sifontes et al., 1982; IES), and is known to prey on dipteran and lepidopteran larvae, leafhoppers, thrips, and whiteflies (Wheeler, 2001). Specimens examined. Cuba, 11 specimens: Alqüizar (La Habana). El Cano, Santiago de la Vegas; Finca La Chata (Ciudad de la Habana) (BMNH, HG, IES).

Tribe Eccritotarsini Berg Diagnosis. Stonedahl (1988a) diagnosed this tribe as having the area of insertion of femoral trichobothria 2, 3, and 4 swollen; pulvilli attached to inner surface to pretarsal claws, posteroventral margin having a comblike row of long trichia; parempodia asymmetrical; metathoracic scent gland opening reduced, usually with narrow tonguelike peritremal disc and weak osteolar canal; and strongly developed male genitalia, with the vesical sclerite bearing a small membranous region distally. Discussion. About 100 genera and more than 600 species of Eccritotarsini are known (Schuh, 1995). Eight genera and 11 species are recorded from Cuba.

Key to Cuban Genera of Eccritotarsini 1. –

Large species (4.00 mm or more), coloration bluish, black, and/or red; pronotum only slightly or not elevated.................................................................................2 Small to medium-sized species (3.00 mm or less); coloration black, lacking bright colors; pronotum elevated ...................................................................................6

2. –

Hemelytra and pronotum predominantly red .....................................................3 Hemelytra and pronotum not red ......................................................................4

3.

Hemelytra sexually dimorphic, corium near cuneal fracture expanded over the corium, cuneal fracture prominent; length about 5.00-6.00 mm; antennae, legs, and corium not black with a bluish sheen; male with metafemur straight and not excavated; dorsal habitus (Fig. 18); male genitalia (Figs. 131-133)......................... ................................................................ Cubanomiris Hernández and Stonedahl Hemelytra not sexually dimorphic, corium near the cuneal fracture not expanded; length about 4.00-5.00 mm; antennae, legs, and 2/3 of corium black with a metallic blue sheen; male with metafemur curved, excavated on outer surface; dorsal habitus (Fig. 24); male genitalia (Figs. 146-148)..................................... Notolobus Reuter

–

4.

Species dark metallic blue; hemelytra sexually dimorphic, males with emboliar margins greatly expanded; legs and antennae pale or white; dorsal habitus (Figs. 22, 23); male genitalia (Figs. 143-145) .....................Heterocoris Guérin-Menèville

32 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

–

Species not dark metallic blue; not sexually dimorphic, hemelytra without expanded emboliar margin; male genitalia different ............................................................5

5.

Hemelytra black, with a bluish metallic sheen; head and pronotum pinkish yellow; pronotum weakly constricted between calli; dorsal habitus of species (Fig. 21); male genitalia (Figs. 140-142) ..........................................................Eurycipitia Reuter Hemelytra brownish yellow, without bluish metallic sheen; head and pronotum yellow only on lateral margins; pronotum distinctly constricted between calli; dorsal habitus (Fig. 30); male genitalia (Figs. 163-165) ............................Sysinas Distant

–

6. – 7. –

8. –

Hemelytra and embolium broad; embolium usually with a pale or white spot at base and/or apex and 2.0 to 2.2 times as broad as thickness of antennal segment I; pronotum greatly swollen, usually with a median groove .....................................7 Hemelytra and embolium narrow; embolium without one or two pale spots and slightly thicker than antennal segment I; pronotum weakly inflated ....................8 Pronotum with deep median groove; hemelytron largely dark, with only embolium or spots on embolium pale; male genital capsule with a distinct tubercle over left paramere; dorsal habitus (Figs. 25-28) ...................... Pycnoderes Guérin-Menèville Pronotum evenly rounded, without median groove; hemelytron largely pale, with only clavus and a transverse bar through middle of corium dark; male genital capsule lacking tubercle over left paramere; dorsal habitus (Fig. 29) ... Pycnoderiella Henry Collar wider than calli or eye; left paramere curved, elongate with a basal appendage (Fig. 130); right paramere short, wide caudally, with anterior margin serrate (Fig. 130); dorsal habitus (Fig. 17) .......................................... Aguayomiris Maldonado Collar shorter than calli or eye; left and right paramere as in figs. 155-160; dorsal habitus (Figs. 19, 20) ............................................................... Cyrtocapsus Reuter

Genus Aguayomiris Maldonado Aguayomiris Maldonado, 1986: 125. Type species: Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado, 1986. Diagnosis. Species with head roundly produced between antennae, finely sulcate and punctate. Eye sessile, hemispherical. Antennal segment I shorter than width of vertex. Pronotum punctate; collar longer mesally than dorsal length of an eye; calli distinct, short and smooth. Scutellum punctate. Hemelytron with a narrow embolium. Discussion. Aguayomiris is most similar to Sixeonotus in overall appearance, but can be distinguished by the broad collar and the quite different male genitalia, especially the parameres (Fig. 130). This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba (Maldonado, 1986).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 33

Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado (Figs. 17, 130) Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado, 1986: 126 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 536 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list); Hernández, 2001: 5 (clarification). Sixeonotus insignis: Alayo, 1974: 19 (note); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note). Diagnosis. Male: General coloration black. Antennal segments I and II pale yellow; segments III and IV black. Labium pale yellow, extending to mesocoxa. Membrane and cells dark gray. Legs pale yellow. Genitalia (Fig. 130). Total length 2.40-2.70. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 17). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Paratypes: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Cuba: Prov. Habana, HabanaAlamar-Cojimar, 2-10 m, 20.-25.vii.1966, leg. Jor. Prokop (2 ♂♂, BMNH; 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 3 specimens: Punta de Hicacos (Pinar del Rio). Bauta (Habana). Matanzas (IES). Discussion. Aguayomiris pallipes has been confused with Sixeonotus insignis (e.g., Alayo 1974), but it can be distinguished by the broad collar and the structure of the male parameres, especially the short, quadrate left paramere (long and slender in Sixeonotus). Hernández (2001) studied the Gundlach specimen listed by Alayo (1974) as S. insignis Reuter and found that it is Maldonado’s A. pallipes.

Genus Cubanomiris Hernández and Stonedahl Cubanomiris Hernández and Stonedahl, 1996: 151. Type species: Cubanomiris pilosus Hernández and Stonedahl, 1996. Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Bryocorinae by the overall red coloration, with black areas on clavus and middle of corium; the black membrane; the stout setae on lower margin of ostiolar peritreme; the prominent shiny process on the anterior margin of male cuneus; the long setae on the legs; the strongly swollen middle tibia in males; and the noticeably swollen first tarsal segment. This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba (Hernández and Stonedahl, 1996).

34 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Cubanomiris pilosus Hernández and Stonedahl (Figs. 18, 131-133) Cubanomiris pilosus Hernández and Stonedahl, 1996: 156 (orig. descrip.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 18). Tibiae robust, sparsely covered with stout, dark setae; pro- and mesotibia expanded apically; metatibia bent inward on distal third. Genitalia (Figs. 131-133). Total length 5.00-6.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general aspect, except without the modifications to the posterior region of corium, base of cuneus, and mesotibia. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Ciudamar, Santiago de Cuba, vi.1954, Zayas-Alayo (IES). Paratypes: 3 ♂ and 1 ♀, same data as for holotype, except Pastor Alayo; 1 ♀, same data as for holotype, except v.1947; 4 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀, same data as for holotype, except x.1947, Pastor Alayo (AMNH, BMNH, IES, USNM); 1 ♂, Pinares de Viñales, Pinar del Rio, vi.1966, P. Alayo (IES).

Genus Cyrtocapsus Reuter Cyrtocapsus Reuter, 1876: 78. Type species: Capsus caligineus Stål, 1859. Diagnosis. Head with an enlarged frons, pronotum slightly elevated, hemelytral embolium broad, and hemelytra clothed with silky setae. Discussion. Cyrtocapsus is similar to Aguayomiris, Pycnoderes, and Sixeonotus, but is distinguished by the silky hemelytral pubescence and structure of the male genitalia. Henry and Carvalho (1987) showed that the genus Hemisphaerodella Reuter, described from nymphs, is a junior synonym of Cyrtocapsus Reuter, and provided a key to separate species. It is represented in Cuba by two species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Cyrtocapsus 1. –

Middle and hind coxae brown, front coxae pale or white; left paramere (Fig. 134) broadly C-shaped; dorsal habitus (Fig. 19) .................................... caligineus (Stål) All coxae uniformly pale or white; left paramere (Fig. 137) broad through middle and apically curved; dorsal habitus (Fig. 20) ................................. femoralis Reuter

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 35

Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stål) (Figs. 19, 134-136) Capsus caligineus Stål, 1859: 258 (orig. descrip.). Pirithous pallipes Distant, 1884: 302 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 803. Synonymized by Reuter, 1892: 393. Hemisphaerodella mirabilis Reuter, 1908c: 298 (orig. descrip.); Alayo, 1974: 17 (diag., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (descrip., note, host); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 267 (cat.). Synonymized by Henry and Carvalho, 1987: 292. Cyrtocapsus caligineus: Bruner et al., 1945: 153 (host); Alayo, 1974: 19 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 287 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (distr.); Henry and Carvalho, 1987: 292 (note, descrip., syn.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 265 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 542 (cat.). Cyrtocapsus caligneus [sic]: Zayas, 1988: 143 (note). Diagnosis. Male: General coloration black, especially on head, eye, scutellum, and cuneus. Membrane hyaline with cells blackish brown. Legs mostly white; anterior coxa at least partially white, middle and hind coxae brown. Genitalia (Figs. 134-136). Length 2.60-3.00. Distinguished from C. femoralis by the brown middle and hind coxae, larger size, and more slender, broadly C-shaped left paramere. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 19). Similar to male in general aspect. Hosts. Species of Ipomoea, including I. batatas (L.) Lamb. [Convolulaceae]. Records from Ananas comosus Raf. [Bromeliaceae], Cucurbita maxima Duchesne [Cucurbitaceae], and Turbina corymbosa Raf. [Convolvulaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975); and inflorescences of Asteraceae are considered accidental. Zayas (1989) listed Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. [Convolvulaceae]. Type material examined. Pirithous pallipes Distant, lectotype, ♀ (left specimen of two carded specimens): Guatemala: S. Geronimo, Champion. Paralectotypes: 1 specimen (sex unknown, right specimen on same card as lectotype), same data as for lectotype, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (on same card), same data as for holotype (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 9 specimens: Isla de la Juventud. Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio). Somorrostro; El Cano; Santiago de las Vegas; Siboney (Ciudad de la Habana). Topes de Collantes (Sancti Spiritus). Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin). (2 nymphs, “cotypes”) Cayamas, Cuba, 29-12 & 13-3, E. A Schwartz (BMNH, IES, USNM). Discussion. Henry and Carvalho (1987) demonstrated that Hemisphaerodella mirabilis Reuter is the nymphal stage of C. caligineus.

36 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Cyrtocapsus femoralis Reuter (Figs. 20, 137-139) Cyrtocapsus femoralis Reuter, 1892: 394 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (distr.); Henry and Carvalho, 1987: 292 (key); Schuh, 1995: 542 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Similar to C. caligineus, but distinguished by the entirely white coxae, the smaller size, and the mesally expanded and apically curved left paramere. Antennal segments I and II yellow; antennal segment II as long as segment I. Anteocular part of head, in frontal view, about as long as or shorter than ocular distance. Pronotum black. Genitalia (Figs. 137-139). Total length 2.10-2.50. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 20). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. No Cuban specimens examined. Discussion. We have not seen the specimens of C. femoralis identified by Maldonado (1986) from Cuba. He recorded this species from Pinar del Rio and Habana provinces without giving exact locality data.

Genus Eurycipitia Reuter Eurycipitia Reuter, 1905: 3. Type species: Eccritotarsus splendens Distant, 1884, a junior synonym of Sysinus clarus Distant, 1883. Diagnosis. Similar to Sysinas Distant, but distinguished by the characters given in the preceding key to genera, especially the structure of male genitalia. Body oval, robust. Head two times wider than long; eyes large; frons elongate. Pronotum with calli elevated. This small genus, with only two described species, is distributed mainly in Central America (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one species. Eurycipitia clarus (Distant) (Figs. 21, 140-142) Sysinas clarus Distant, 1883: 249 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 795. Eccritotarsus splendens Distant, 1883: 284 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 807. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 5. Eurycipitia splendens: Alayo, 1974: 17 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 551 (cat.).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 37

Eurycipitia clarus: Carvalho, 1952a: 5 (syn.); Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 795 (type desig.); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (distr.); Schuh, 1995: 551 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 21). Body polished, shiny, and covered with short, semidecumbent, white setae. Head and pronotum yellowish orange; antennal segments, scutellum, hemelytra, and abdominal segments black. Legs yellow, with apices of femora and bases of mesotibiae brown; profemur with a brown stripe along the outer surface; pretarsus black. Genitalia (Figs. 140-142). Total length 4.00-4.35 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Sysinas splendens Distant, lectotype ♂: Panamá, Matachim, Thieme. Eccritotarsus splendens Distant: Lectotype ♂, Panamá: Bugaba, Champion (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 15 specimens: San José de las Lajas (Habana). Cuabitas (Holguin). Pico Turquino, Puerto Boniato (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES). Discussion. Carvalho (1952a) synonymized Eccritotarsus splendens Distant under Eurycipitia clarus Distant, an opinion followed by Carvalho and Dolling (1976). Although Carvalho and Afonso (1977) listed E. splendens (Distant) as a valid species and both species are listed in Schuh’s (1995) catalogue, we have reexamined the lectotypes and agree with Carvalho and Dolling (1976) that S. splendens is a junior synonym of S. clarus.

Genus Heterocoris Guérin-Menèville Heterocoris Guérin-Menèville, 1857: 403. Type species: Heterocoris dilatata Guérin-Menèville, 1857. Diagnosis. Species with strong sexual wing dimorphism, especially in males having a greatly expanded embolium, and a metallic-blue dorsal coloration. This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba. Heterocoris dilatatus Guérin-Menèville (Figs. 22, 23, 143-145) Heterocoris dilatata Guérin-Menèville, 1857:168 (orig. descrip.). Heterocoris cyaneus Knight, 1926a: 106 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note); Schuh, 1995: 55 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21. NEW SYNONYMY. Heterocoris dilatatus: Bruner et al., 1945: 169 (host); Alayo, 1974: 19 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 316 (host); Schuh, 1995: 555 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list). Heterocoris dillatatus [sic]: Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note).

38 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 22). General coloration metallic blue. Body with erect, white setae. Head wider than long, separated from pronotum by a distinct collar; antennal segment I shorter than segment II, all segments yellow. Pronotum distinctly punctured, depressed between calli. Hemelytron with corium strongly expanded dorsally, metallic blue marked with yellow; cuneal fracture distinct; embolium greatly expanded; membrane covered with erect, white setae. Genitalia (Figs. 106-108). Total length 4.88 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 23). Similar to male in general appearance and color, except embolium not prominently expanded. Hosts. Solanum donianun (Raf.) A. Child, S. melongena Wall., S. torvun Sw. [Solanaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975). Type material examined. Heterocoris cyaneus, holotype ♀: Cuba, iii.1925, Soledad, J. G. Myers and George Salt (USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 59 specimens: Sierra de los Orgános; El Cayuco, Guanes (Pinar del Rio). Guajaybon, Apr.; Jibacoa; Boca de Jaruco; Soledad (Habana). Fontanar (Ciudad de la Habana). Valle del Yumuri; Bolondròn; Bahia de Cochinos (Matanzas). Los Homitongos (Guantánamo) (BMNH, HG, IES, USNM, ZMA). Discussion. Knight (1926a) separated Heterocoris cyaneus from H. dilatatus by the dark cyaneous metallic color, impunctate scutellum, and relatively longer antennal segments. We have examined the female holotype of H. cyaneus and compared it with a large number of specimens of H. dilatatus from Cuba. The characters separating them, especially the impunctate pronotum and dark metallic color, vary in intensity on all material of H. dilatatus studied. We, therefore, conclude that H. cyaneus is only the female of H. dilatatus Guérin-Menèville. Heterocoris dilatatus is a common species in Cuba.

Genus Notolobus Reuter Notolobus Reuter, 1908a: 147. Type species: Capsus dimidiatus Guérin-Menèville, 1857. Diagnosis. Distinguished by the large size, red coloration, metallic-blue sheen, and curved hind femora in males. This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba. Notolobus dimidiatus (Guérin-Menèville) (Figs. 24, 146-148) Capsus dimidiatus Guérin-Menèville, 1857: 402 (orig. descrip.). Notolobus dimidiatus: Reuter, 1908a: 148 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1957: 116 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 18 (diag.); Carvalho, 1980: 646 (note); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note); Schuh, 1995: 563 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 39

Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 24). Head longer than wide; eyes black, rounded; antennal segment II two times longer than segment I. Pronotum subquadrangular, depressed on either side of elevation near calli, with short, erect, black setae. Metafemur curved with a furrow on inner surface, outer margin of furrow black. Genitalia (Figs. 146-148). Total length 6.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance, except for the slightly larger size, black vertex, and hind femur without a furrow. Host. Taken on wild ferns (Zayas, 1988). Specimens examined. Cuba: 3 specimens: Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas) (IES).

Genus Pycnoderes Guérin-Menèville Pycnoderes Guérin-Menèville, 1857: 404. Type species: Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus GuérinMenèville, 1857. Diagnosis. Species black, with pale markings. Pronotum distinctly inflated, with a median groove; pronotum and scutellum strongly punctate; calli slightly elevated. Legs linear, yellow. Species in this genus superficially resemble those in Aguayomiris, Cyrtocapsus, and Pycnoderiella. Pycnoderes contains 55 described species (Schuh, 1995). Four species occur in Cuba.

Key to Cuban Species of Pycnoderes 1.

– 2. – 3.

Body robust and wide; embolium black with a white spot at base and apex, the basal spots wider than apical one; hemelytron dark with glaucous spots, mainly on clavus, outer margin strongly convex; male genitalia (Figs. 152-154); dorsal habitus (Fig. 26) .......................................................... quadrimaculatus Guérin-Menèville Body more slender; embolium white or with a dark spot mesally, outer margin of hemelytron weakly convex; male genitalia different .............................................2 Outer margin of hemelytra weakly convex; corium black; male genitalia (Figs. 155157); dorsal habitus (Fig. 28) .................................................... vanduzeei Reuter Outer margin of hemelytra parallel-sided; corium black; male genitalia different... ...........................................................................................................................3 Left paramere with anterior margin of sensory lobe emarginate, shaft short (Fig. 149); right paramere with a process at base of sensory lobe (Fig. 150); dorsal habitus (Fig. 25) .....................................................................................angustatus Reuter

40 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

–

Left paramere with two emarginations on anterior margin of sensory lobe, shaft very large (Fig. 158); right paramere without a process at the base of sensory lobe (Fig. 159); dorsal habitus (Fig. 27) ...............................................similaris, n. sp. Pycnoderes angustatus Reuter (Figs. 25, 149-151)

Pycnoderes angustatus Reuter, 1907: 2 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 121 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 20 (diag., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note); Schuh, 1995: 571 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 25). Distinguished by characters given in the preceding key to species. Head black; antennae pale; labium extending to mesosternum. Pronotum and scutellum black. Hemelytron black, with a large pale spot at base and apex of embolium; cuneus pale, narrowly black at base and apex; membrane smoky brown, veins darker brown or black. Legs pale, with a black subapical band on hind femur. Genitalia (Figs. 149-151). Total length 3.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Hyptis sp. [Lamiaceae]; sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae] (Alayo, 1974). Specimens examined. Cuba, 29 specimens: La Victoria (Isla de la Juventud). Hoyo de Fania (Pinar del Rio). San Antonio de los Baños; Artemisa (Habana). Santiago de la Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Central Menéndez (Matanzas). Topes de Collantes (Sancti Spiritus) (BMNH, HG, IES). Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Guérin-Menèville (Figs. 26, 152-154) Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Guérin-Menèville, 1857: 404 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 64 (host); Carvalho, 1957: 123 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 21 (diag., host); Bruner et l., 1975: 117 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note, distr.); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note); Schuh, 1995: 573 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 26). Head with vertex, median line of frons, and apex of clypeus black, remainder pale yellowish brown; antenna pale yellow. Pronotum black, strongly convex, with median area weakly grooved. Hemelytron black, embolium wide with a large pale subbasal and smaller apical spot; veins of membrane pale brown, remainder of membrane hyaline. Legs whitish; hind femur brown apically. Genitalia (Figs. 152-154). Total length 2.85-3.00 mm.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 41

Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbita “sativus” [Cucurbitaceae]; Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975). Specimens examined. Cuba, 52 specimens: San Antonio de los Baños (Habana). Baraguá, 12 Nov. 1925, C. H. Stahl, at light. Santiago de las Vegas; La Chata (Ciudad de la Habana). Central, 6 de Agosto (Matanzas). Loma de la Bandera (Holgüin). Nagua (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES, USNM). Pycnoderes similaris Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 27, 158-160) Diagnosis. Similar to P. angustatus Reuter, but distinguished by the whitish markings on the embolium, the yellow frons, and the structure of the male genitalia, especially the left paramere with two prominent emarginations on the upper margin of sensory lobe and the very long shaft. Description. Male (Holotype): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 27). Macropterous; total length 3.00 mm; general coloration black. Head. Length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.60 mm; head two times wider than long; vertex black, punctate, width of vertex 0.15; eyes reddish, touching anterior angle of pronotum; clypeus, maxillar, and mandibular plates yellowish. Labium: Extending to mesepisternum; segments I, II, and III yellow; IV black apically. Antenna: Segment I yellowish, length 0.30 mm; II two times longer than remaining segments, covered with short, erect pubescence, length 0.75 mm; III and IV brownish; length of segment III 0.75 mm, length of IV 0.60 mm. Thorax: Pronotum: Humeral width 0.75 mm; length 0.60 mm; posterior lobe elevated; pronotum strongly punctate, slightly narrowed anteriorly; calli distinct, polished; pronotum and scutellum covered by decumbent, whitish setae. Hemelytron: Clavus black, clothed with decumbent, short, sericeous setae; corium brown; embolium whitish, two times wider than width of segment I; cuneal fracture brown; membrane opaque, veins dark. Venter: Black. Legs: Yellowish; apex of tibiae and pretarsi brown. Genitalia (Figs.158-160). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin similaris, referring to the similarity with other Cuban species of Pycnoderes. Type specimen. Holotype ♂, Cuba: [label 1] “La Matazòn, Guantánamo, L. F. Armas”; [label 2] “380 mm, Jagüeyòn, El Salvador”; [label 3, red label here added] “Holotype Pycnoderes similaris Hernández and Henry” (IES). Discussion. Although this species is described from a single specimen, the characters given in the preceding diagnosis easily distinguished it from other species of Pycnoderes, especially the structure of the male genitalia.

42 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Pycnoderes vanduzeei Reuter (Figs. 28, 155-157) Pycnoderes vanduzeei Reuter, 1907: 1 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 97 (host); Carvalho, 1957: 124 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 21 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 109 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note, host); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note); Schuh, 1995: 574 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 28). Size small. Head short, black; margin of eyes yellow. Antennal segment II slightly longer than I; all segments pale yellow. Cuneal fracture black; veins of membrane black, with a black mesal stripe, remainder of membrane hyaline. Legs pale. Genitalia (Figs. 155-157). Total length 2.10-2.40 mm.

Female: Similar to male in overall appearance. Hosts. Commelina sp. [Commelinaceae]; Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. [Convolvulaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975) Specimens examined. Cuba, 19 specimens: Cocodrilo (Isla de la Juventud). San Andrés, Guajaibòn (Pinar del Rio). El Laguito; Finca de Biología (Ciudad de la Habana). Central Menéndez (Matanzas). Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin) (BMNH, HG, IES). Genus Pycnoderiella Henry Pycnoderiella Henry, 1993: 2. Type species: Pycnoderiella virginiana Henry, 1993.

Diagnosis. Small species (2.00 mm or less in ♂♂; 1.70 mm or less in ♀♀), mostly black, with a largely pale hemelytron having only clavus and a broad transverse bar across corium dark; hemelytron often submacropterous. Head brownish orange, with contrasting dark brown punctures. Pronotum swollen, but lacking median groove; pronotum and scutellum strongly punctate. Legs slender, pale. Male genital capsule lacking a tubercle above left paramere. Discussion. Members of this genus resemble those of Pycnoderes in general appearance (Henry, 1993, 2009b), but differ in the small size, evenly rounded, punctate pronotum, shape of the parameres, and the lack of a tubercle on the genital capsule. Two species of Pycnoderiella are known; only one occurs in Cuba.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 43

Pycnoderiella insularis Henry (Figs. 29, 161, 162) Pycnoderiella insularis Henry, 2009b: 605 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 29). Small species, length 1.87-1.89 mm. Overall coloration black. Head brownish orange, with contrasting dark brown punctures. Pronotum black, strongly convex, covering mesoscutum. Hemelytron entire, largely pale, with cuneus, dark transverse bar through middle of corium, and apex of cuneus dark brown or fuscous. Antennal segment I and II and legs uniformly pale yellow. Male parameres (Figs. 161, 162). Female: Similar to male in overall coloration, but smaller with submacropterous hemelytra (membrane reduced) in known specimens. Length 1.55-1.66 mm. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Jamaica, Kingston, 27 July 1968, J. Maldonado C. (USNM). Paratypes: 1 ♀, Cuba, La Matazon, Jaqueyon, El Salvador, 380 m, 14 Jan. 1993, L. P. Armas (IES); 2 ♀♀, same data as for holotype; 1 ♂, Jamaica, Harward Gap, 21 July 1968, J. Maldonado C. (USNM).

Genus Sysinas Distant Sysinas Distant, 1883: 248. Type species: Sysinas linearis Distant, 1883. Diagnosis. Species parallel sided. Head two times wider than long, distinctly separated from pronotum by a wide collar; vertex with a distinct sulcus. Antennal segments I and II longer than segments III and IV combined. Pronotum with posterior lobe slightly elevated. Scutellum depressed mesally. This genus contains 14 species described from Central America to South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela). It is represented in Cuba by a single species (Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b). Sysinas centralis Distant (Figs. 30, 163-165) Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883: 249 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 128 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 579 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 794; Ferreira et al., 2004: 45 (descript., host, distr.). Diagnosis. Male: General coloration dark brown, except for an orange stripe on each side of lateral pronotal margin. Head undersurface, pronotum mesally and base of vertex

44 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

brown, remainder of vertex orange; frons black. Mesoscutum distinct. Membrane dark. Base of procoxa brown; profemur yellow basally, apex and remainder of legs brown. Genitalia (Figs. 163-165). Total length 4.35 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 30). Similar to male in structure and general appearance. Host. Unknown in Cuba, but Ferreira et al. (2004) reported Sapium sp. as a host in Brazil. Type material examined. Sysinas centralis Distant, lectotype ♂ (antennal segment IV, right hind leg, and left tibia and tarsus missing): Guatemala, Cerro Zunel, 4-5000 ft., Champion (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 3 specimens: La Gran Piedra (Guantánamo). Imias (Holgüin). Cuba, P.R. Uhler colln. (IES, USNM). Discussion. Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first record of Sysinas centralis for Cuba and the West Indies. Ferreira et al. (2004) reported Cuba as a new country record in error.

Subfamily Cylapinae Kirkaldy Diagnosis. Of the two tribes of Cylapinae, Cylapini and Fulviini, only the latter occurs in Cuba. Recognized by the elongate head and long labium, extending well beyond the hind coxae. Antennae long and slender. Membrane with two cells. Legs very long; parempodia setiform; pulvilli absent; claws long and slender, each with a subapical tooth (Fig. 4). Discussion. Schuh (1995) did not recognize Carvalho’s (1952b) two-tribe arrangement of the subfamily and, as a consequence, merged Fulviini with Cylapini. We, however, follow Gorczyca (2000), who provided support for the two tribes. Carvalho and Ferreira (1994a) provided a key to the Neotropical genera.

Tribe Fulviini Uhler Diagnosis. Recognized by characters given in the preceding key to subfamilies. Also, recognized by the small to medium size, elongate body and head, long labium extending beyond the hind coxae in most species, two-segmented tarsi, and apically toothed claws. Only one genus is recorded from Cuba.

Genus Fulvius Stål Fulvius Stål, 1862b: 322. Type species: Fulvius anthocorides Stål, 1862b. Diagnosis. The enlarged frons, the prominent clypeus extending to antennal segment I, the longer-than-wide head, elongate body with the hemelytra subparallel and only slightly wider than the pronotum, and long labium distinguish species of Fulvius from other Cuban Miridae.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 45

Discussion. This is a large, primarily Neotropical genus, with more than 60 described species (Schuh, 1995; Ferreira and Henry, 2001; Gorczyca, 2000; Cherot et al., 2006). Carvalho and Costa (1994) provided the most recent revision for the Americas. Fulvius is represented in Cuba by three species.

Key to Cuban Species of Fulvius 1. – 2.

–

Cuneus uniformly dark brown; apex of hemelytron pale or white; male genitalia (Figs. 166-169); dorsal habitus (Fig. 31) .............................anthocoroides (Reuter) Cuneus bicolored (pale or whitish at base); apex of hemelytron dark brown, almost black ...................................................................................................................2 Body robust; cuneus white, sometimes with a pink tinge; apex of hemelytron black or dark reddish brown; left paramere with shaft elongated and acute apically (Fig. 170); vesica membranous, with a distinct spiny area near gonopore (Fig. 173); dorsal habitus (Fig. 32)........................................................................ bisbistillatus (Stål) Body slender; cuneus always white, without a pink tinge; apex of hemelytron brown; left paramere shaft short, curved, and rounded apically (Fig. 174); vesica membranous, with two long, slender spicules arising from apex of gonopore (Fig. 176); dorsal habitus (Fig. 33) ...................................................... cavernus, n. sp. Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter) (Figs. 31, 166-169)

Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter, 1875: 8 (orig. descrip.). Fulvius brevicornis Reuter, 1895: 138 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Schuh 1995: 27 (cat.). Unnecessary new name for Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter, 1875. Fulvius anthocorides: Alayo, 1974: 28 (diag., hosts); Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (list). Fulvius anthocoroides: Wheeler, 1977: 489 (clarification); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 272 (cat., note); Carvalho and Costa, 1994: 74 (descrip.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 31). General color brownish black, with apical third of antennal segment II, basal third of hemelytron, and apex of embolium and corium white. Labium extending to genital capsule. Body brown ventrally; apex of coxae and tibiae pale. In some specimens, the clypeus and apex of all femora are reddish. Genitalia (Figs. 166-169). Total length 3.00 mm. Female: Similar in structure and overall appearance to male. Host. Unknown.

46 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Cueva de los Portales (Pinar del Rio). La Chata; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin) (IES). Fulvius bisbistillatus (Stål) (Figs. 32, 170-173) Cylapus bis-bistillatus Stål, 1860: 54 (orig. descrip.). Fulvius albomaculatus Distant, 1884: 282 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 2. Fulvius bisbistillatus: Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note); Schuh, 1995: 26 (cat.); Carvalho and Costa, 1994: 78 (descrip., distr.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Fulvius bisbitillatus [sic]: Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 32). General coloration brown to black with whitish dorsal areas. Apex of antennal segment I and apical 1/4 of II, two lateral spots on mesoscutum, subbasal fascia of corium (extending to embolium), base of cuneus, coxae (except apex of first pair) white. Femora, tibiae, and tarsi pale. In some specimens, cuneus slightly red tinged. Genitalia (Figs. 171-173). Total length 3.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance, except darker brown and antennal segments I and II slightly shorter than remaining segments. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. Cuba, 6 specimens: Sierra de Mesa; Cueva de los portales (Pinar del Rio). Loma de la Bandera, Mayari (Holgüin) (IES). Fulvius cavernus Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 33, 174-176) Fulvius sp. A: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Fulvius cavernus is similar to F. lunulatus Uhler (Carvalho and Costa, 1994) based on the general dark brown coloration and vesica, with two spicules near gonopore, but differs by the longer body, the wider white markings on corium, the white apex of the second antennal segment, the left paramere with an expanded sensory lobe and apically rounded shaft, and with spicules of the vesica apparently longer and much more slender. In Cuba, it is most similar to F. bisbistilatus (Stål) in general dorsal markings, but differs by the more slender body form and the distinctive male genitalia (Figs. 174-176), particularly the stout, apically spatulate left paramere. Description. Male (n = 5): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 33); macropterous. Total length 2.79-3.20 mm. Head: Length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.30-0.37 mm; width of vertex

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 47

0.18-0.20 mm; black, set with short, erect, white setae toward frons; vertex depressed mesally; eyes black, occupying entire height of head in lateral view and touching anterior angles of pronotum; maxillar and mandibular plates testaceous. Labium: Extending to genital capsule. Antenna: Segment I thicker than remaining segments, brown, length 0.31-0.37 mm; II, brown, apex white, incrassate, length 0.62-0.84 mm; III, slender, brown, length 0.43-0.55 mm; IV, brown, length 0.62 mm (n = 2). Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length 0.31-0.43 mm; posterior width 0.74-0.93 mm, black to dark brown; anterior and posterior margins straight; disc of pronotum weakly elevated, slightly depressed and sulcate mesally; collar black. Mesoscutum: Exposed, brown mesally, pale to anterior angles. Scutellum: black to dark brown, pale apically. Hemelytron: Dark brown, with a white area from R+M to emboliar margin; apex of emboliar margin mostly fuscous; cuneus brown, pale basally; veins of membrane brown. Undersurface: Abdominal segments brown to dark brown. Legs: Testaceous; pro- and mesocoxae pale, pale brown basally and apically; metacoxa white. Genitalia (Figs. 174-176). Female (n = 3): Similar to male in general appearance. Total length 3.03-3.20 mm. Head: Length 0.30-0.43 mm; width across eyes 0.49-0.55 mm; width of vertex 0.18-0.24 mm. Antenna: I, length 0.31-0.37 mm; II, length 0.74-0.86 mm; III, length 0.43-0.55 mm; IV, length (n = 2) 0.62-0.68 mm. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length of pronotum 0.43 mm; posterior width of pronotum 0.74-0.99 mm. Hosts. Collected under bark of palm tree [Palmaceae]. Etymology. This species is named cavernus, meaning cave, and refers to the type locality “Cueva de los Portales (cave of the porch).” Type material. Holotype ♂: [Label 1] “[Cuba]: Cueva de los Portales, P. [inar del] Rio, 21 XI 1990, L. M. Hdez”; [label 2, yellow] “5”; [label 3, red, here added] “Holotype ♂: Fulvius cavernus Hernández and Henry” (IES). Paratypes: 3 ♀♀, same data as for holotype (IES). Discussion. We have compared our specimens with the lecto- and paralectotype of F. lunulatus Uhler (BMNH), known only from Grenada and St. Vincent, and find clear differences between the species.

Subfamily Deraeocorinae Douglas and Scott Diagnosis. The Cuban species of this subfamily can be distinguished by the distinctly punctate, often polished dorsum and the basally toothed claws (Fig. 3), although certain other deraeocorines (e.g., Termatophylini) may lack distinct dorsal punctures and have a dull coloration (Schuh and Slater, 1995). Discussion. Five tribes, six genera, and 11 species are recorded from Cuba.

48 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Key to Cuban Tribes of Deraeocorinae (Adapted from Carvalho, 1955a) 1. – 2. – 3. – 4.

–

Head elongate, pointed apically, with anthocoridlike facies (Fig. 43); eyes large, placed far from basal angle of head .................................... Termatophylini Reuter Head not elongate, without anthocoridlike facies; eyes variable, placed near basal angle of head .......................................................................................................2 Pronotum with a distinct impressed line running from antero-lateral corner to margin of calli, sometimes strongly punctate (Figs. 34, 35); male genitalia (Figs. 177-179) ..............................................................................Clivinematini Reuter Pronotum without an impressed line; male genitalia different .............................3 Hemelytra hyaline; emboliar margin of corium greatly enlarged; male genitalia (e.g., Figs.183-186) dorsal habitus (Figs. 37-40) ................................Hyaliodini Reuter Hemelytra not hyaline; emboliar margin of corium not greatly enlarged; male genitalia different ................................................................................................4 Species ant mimetic; antennal segments linear; vertex depressed, sometimes punctate; male genitalia (Figs. 194-196), sensory lobe of left paramere expanded, vesica with two membranous lobes apically; dorsal habitus (Figs. 41, 42) ................................ ........................................................................ Surinamellini Carvalho and Rosas Species not ant mimetic; antennal segment I thicker than remaining segments, segment II clavate at apex; vertex smooth, not depressed; male genitalia (Figs. 180-182), sensorial lobe of left paramere strongly expanded, vesica without two membranous lobes apically; dorsal habitus of species (Fig. 36) ................................................... ...........................................................................Deraeocorini Douglas and Scott

Tribe Clivinematini Reuter Diagnosis. The species of this tribe have a vertical or strongly declivous head, and the pronotum has a distinct impressed line running from anterolateral corner to posterior margin of calli (Ferreira 1998, 2001). Discussion. Carvalho and Gomes (1971) and Ferreira (1998) provided a key to the 17 genera of the Neotropical Region. The tribe is represented in Cuba by one genus and one species.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 49

Genus Ambracius Stål Ambracius Stål, 1860: 59. Type species: Ambracius dufouri Stål, 1860. Diagnosis. Species with the anterior margin of pronotum cystiform and hooded, projecting over base of head. Body shining, pilose. Head broad, vertically deflexed; base covered by pronotal hood to the eyes. Pronotum coarsely punctate; width at basal angles about three times that of anterior margin. Males with a prominent sclerotized process arising from base of the ductus seminis. Discussion. This small genus with only nine species is distributed from Central to South America (Brazil) (Ferreira and Henry, in press). Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b), in giving the first report of this genus in Cuba, tentatively listed three species: Ambracius sp. A, Ambracius sp. B, and Ambracius sp. C. We restudied this material and have concluded that they represent only color forms of A. dufouri. Ferreira and Henry (in press) revised the genus and provided a key to species. Ambracius dufouri Stål (Figs. 34, 35, 177-179) Ambracius dufouri Stål, 1860: 59 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 587 (cat.). Capsus alternus Walker, 1873: 111. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1954: 424. Fundanius maculatus Distant, 1884: 291. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 9. Fundanius marginatus Distant, 1884: 291. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 10. Fundanius rubricosus Distant, 1884: 291. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 14. Ambracius sp. A: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Ambracius sp. B: Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list). Ambracius sp. C: Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Ambracius dufouri is one of the most variably colored species of the Deraeocorinae. No fewer than six distinct color forms are known, with numerous intermediate grades found in most large regional populations. Consequently, it is not surprising that there are four synonyms in the literature, all representing distinct color variations of this highly variable species. Color forms can range from almost entirely red or orange to nearly all black. In Cuba, color form A is distinguished by the yellow coloration of head, pronotum, and most of corium; black antennal segments I and II, scutellum, clavus, base of corium, tibiae, and labium; reddish cuneus; and thicker antennal segments III and IV. Color form B has a dark red overall coloration in females, with black areas on hemelytra, an orange-yellow pronotum, and an apically red corium. Color form C is similar to color form B with only minor differences.

50 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 35). Macropterous; total length 3.70-4.50 mm. Body covered with yellowish, erect setae. Head: Length 0.30-0.35 mm, width across the eyes 0.85-0.90 mm; orange to red, three times wider than long; vertex often black in dark forms, width of vertex 0.44-0.45 mm; clypeus black. Labium: Extending to mesocoxa, black to dark red. Antenna: Black; segment I subequal to segment II, length 0.20-0.29 mm; II, two times longer than remaining segments, length 0.90-1.00 mm; III, 0.40-0.50 mm; and IV, 0.30 mm; all segments clothed with short, erect pubescence. Pronotum: Length 1.19-1.35 mm, posterior width 1.51-1.95 mm; red to orange, often with central area of disc black, distinctly punctate, with lateral margin carinate; posterior margin concave; humeral angles rounded. Scutellum: Red, orange, or black, often pale orange anteriorly; length 0.60 mm. Hemelytron: Rugose, uniformly red, orange, or black with apex of corium reddish; embolium wide; cuneus fuscous, one and one half times longer than wide; membrane dark brown, with paler areas apically, veins dark brown; covered with erect, brown setae. Ventral surface: Reddish orange to black; propleura yellowish red. Legs: Femora black; tibiae black, often becoming paler distally. Genitalia (Figs. 177-179). Female (n=3): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 34). Macropterous; total length 4.35-5.25 mm. Similar to male in overal coloration; body more oval. Head: Length 0.15-0.30 mm, width across eyes 0.90-1.05 mm; yellow to red; vertex slightly depressed, width of vertex 0.30 mm. Labium: Extending to middle mesosternum or to base of mesocoxae. Antenna: Segment I length 0.45-0.60 mm, short, thickest; segment II length 1.35-1.95 mm, more slender than in males, longer than segments III and IV, longer than pronotum, slightly incrassate apically; segments III and IV thin, length of segment III 0.60-0.74 mm, length of IV 0.31-0.45 mm. Pronotum: Median length 1.05-1.35; posterior width 1.80-2.25 mm. Scutellum: Length 0.60 mm. Specimens examined. Cuba: 1 ♀, Pico Joaquin to Turquino, Santiago de Cuba, 19.v.1948, F. Valdes, 5300-6300 m snm (IES); 1 ♀, Palma Mocha, Sierra Maestra, Santiago de Cuba, 16.v.1948, J. Acuña, 3900-4500 ft. (BMNH); 1 ♂, Cuba: Falda Norte, Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, Santiago de Cuba, vii.1963, I. F. Areiro (IES); 1 ♀, Cuba: Pinares de Mayari, Holgüin, 6.vi.1990, L.F.Armas; 1 ♀, Jarahueca, Santiago de Cuba, 14 to 18.vii.1928, S.C.Bruner (IES, BMNH). Discussion. This species is a known specialist predator of ensign scales (Henry, 2000, pers. observ. [Rio de Janeiro]; Wheeler, 2001).

Tribe Deraeocorini Douglass and Scott Diagnosis. Distinguished by the strongly punctate, opaque, nonhyaline or transparent hemelytra and trapeziform, strongly punctate pronotum that is not constricted anteriorly. Diagnosis. This tribe is distributed worldwide and includes approximately 50 genera (Schuh, 1995). Only one genus occurs in Cuba.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 51

Genus Diplozona Van Duzee Diplozona Van Duzee, 1915: 112. Type species: Diplozona collaris Van Duzee, 1915. Diagnosis. Body oval, distinctly punctate dorsally. Antenna thickened; second antennal segment clavate, remaining segments shorter and thicker than segment II, fusiform; eyes (in males) prominent. Pronotum laterally carinate; propleura strongly punctate. Discussion. Carvalho and Costa (1990) revised this genus and provided a key to separate the species in the Neotropical Region. Diplozona includes seven species, distributed from Florida to Argentina (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one species. Diplozona collaris Van Duzee (Figs. 36, 180-182) Diplozona collaris Van Duzee, 1915: 112 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 83 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 28 (diag.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 286 (cat.); Carvalho and Costa, 1990: 179 (descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 624 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list). Diplozoma [sic] collaris: Maldonado, 1986: 128 (distr.). Diagnosis. Male: General coloration brown; pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra (clavus and cuneus) coarsely punctate. Head straw colored, with two brown bands converging on vertex and frons; tylus with a longitudinal brown band on each margin. Antennal segments I and II brown yellow; III and IV brown, fusiform. Pronotum strongly punctate; lateral margins yellow, collar and calli straw colored, disc with pale areas. Scutellum brown, margined with yellow. Membrane hyaline, veins dark. Genitalia (Figs. 180-182). Total length 2.70-3.10 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 36). Similar to male in structure and general appearance. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. Cuba, 3 specimens: Hormiguero, Oct. (Cienfugo). Wajay (La Habana). Morro de Santiago de Cuba (Santiago de Cuba). Cayo Sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin) (IES, ZMA).

Tribe Hyaliodini Carvalho and Drake Diagnosis. Recognized by characters given in the preceding key to tribes, including the distinctly hyaline, transparent or glassy hemelytra, the greatly widened embolium, and the elongate external anal tube. This tribe includes 23 genera in the New World (Schuh and Slater, 1995; Henry and Ferreira 2003). It is represented in Cuba by three genera.

52 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Key to the Cuban Genera of Hyaliodini 1. –

Antennal segment I much longer than length of head ................. Hyaliodes Reuter Antennal segment I subequal or shorter than length of head ...............................2

2.

Pronotum with a distinct lateral and median carina; apex of left paramere spatulate (Fig. 185); overall body shape broad (Fig. 38) ... Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira Pronotum without a distinct lateral and median carinae; apex of left paramere slender (Fig. 187); overall body shape slender (Figs. 39, 40) .....Paracarnus Distant

–

Genus Hyaliodes Reuter Hyaliodes Reuter, 1876: 83. Type species Capsus vitripennis Say, 1832. Diagnosis. Species of Hyaliodes are similar to Paracarnus Distant and Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira, but antennal segment I is longer than the length of the head, the legs are slightly longer, and the male genitalia are distinct. This is a relatively large genus with 26 described species (Schuh and Slater, 1995). Hyaliodes is represented in Cuba by one species. Hyaliodes vittaticornis Bruner (Figs. 37, 183, 184) Hyaliodes vittaticornis Bruner, 1934: 41 (orig. descrip.); Alayo, 1974: 27 (diag., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 126 (distr.); Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 640 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list). Hyalodes [sic] vittaticornis: Hernández and Reyes, 1995: 5 (list, types, hosts). Diagnosis. Male: Antennal segment I longer than head length, with longitudinal reddish stripes on outer surface; segment II two times longer than remaining segments. Pronotum coarsely punctate dorsally; yellowish brown, anterior margin narrow. Scutellum yellowish posteriorly, dark brown anteriorly. Hemeytron tinged with pale yellow or green; apex of clavus and base of scutellum infuscated. Total length 3.30-3.90 mm. Genitalia (Figs. 144, 145). Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 37). Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Citrus sp. [Rutaceae]; Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae]; Phaseolus lunatus L. [Fabaceae]; Piper peltatum Ruiz & Pav. [Piperaceae]; Psidium guajava L. [Myrtaceae] (Alayo, 1974; Hernández and Reyes, 1995). Type material examined. Holotype ♂, Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas, Habana, 2 Jan. 1934, S. C. Bruner (USNM). Paratypes: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality as for holotype, dates 26

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 53

& 30 Dec. 1933; 1 ♂, S. Rangel, 27-30 1931, Acuña & Otero (USNM); 1 ♀, Santiago de Cuba (near), 4 Oct. 1928, F. Silvestri & S. C. Burner (USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 23 specimens: La Tumba, Peninsula de Guanahacabibes; Bahia Honda; Sierra del Rosario (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES).

Genus Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira, 2003: 104 (descrip., key). Type species: Paracarnus cubanus Bruner, 1934. Diagnosis. This genus is recognized by the short antennal segment I that is shorter than the width of the head, the impunctate collar interrupted at middle by a large, triangular callous, two narrow callouses, one through middle of disc and one lateral (divided into narrow lateral and sublateral carinae), a vertical callous on mesopleuron, and the male genitalia, particularly the apically spatulate left paramere. Discussion. This genus is similar to Hyaliodes and Paracarnus. It can be distinguished from Hyaliodes by the shorter antennal segment I that is shorter than the width of the head, the narrow lateral pronotal carinae or callouses, the shape of the left parameres, and the presence of a distinct spiculum on the vesica. From Paracarnus it is distinguished by the broader form, the prominent lateral and median pronotal carinae, the elongate carina on the mesopleuron, and the apically spatulate left paramere. Of the five known species of Paracarniella, only one occurs in Cuba (Henry and Ferriera, 2003). Paracarniella cubana (Bruner) (Figs. 38, 185, 186) Paracarnus cubanus Bruner, 1934: 38 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 50 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 26 (host); Henry and Wheeler, 1982: 237 (descrip., distr., host); Maldonado, 1986:128 (note); Zayas, 1988: 146 (diag.); Hernández and Reyes, 1995: 5 (list, types, host); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list). Paracarniella cubana: Henry and Ferreira, 2003: 106 (n. comb., descrip., hosts). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 38). General color pale yellowish brown, almost hyaline. Body elongate oval. Head wider than long, with yellow marking around eye; eye large, reddish. Antennal segment I shorter than head width, segment II longer than remaining segments. Pronotum finely punctate, with polished, yellowish callosities (one

54 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

at middle and one on each side), and a narrow black line through lateral callous. Scutellum strongly convex, yellow. Hemelytron translucent, nearly hyaline; claval commissure and veins of membrane reddish; embolium wide. Total length 3.30-3.45 mm. Genitalia (Figs. 185, 186). Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. This species has been reported from Pothomorphe peltata Miq. [Piperaceae] infested with aphids and from citrus, preying on Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby [Aleyrodidae] (Alayo, 1974; Bruner, 1934). Henry and Ferreira (2003) reported specimens from Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae] in Florida. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, E. E. A. 9852, Santiago de las Vegas, v.15/24, S. C. Bruner (USNM). Paratypes: 1 ♀ (allotype), same data as for holotype, date 4 Oct. 1932, “ex. white nymph”; 7 specimens, same data as for holotype (BMNH, IES, USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 29 specimens: Santiago de la Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Central 6 de Agosto (Matanzas) (BMNH, HG, IES). Discussion. Henry and Ferreira (2003) established Paracarniella for five species, including two new ones, and showed that P. cubana, long confused with P. mexicana (Distant), is a distinct species.

Genus Paracarnus Distant Paracaranus Distant, 1884: 289. Type species: Paracarnus elongatus Distant, 1884. Diagnosis. This genus is similar to species of Hyaliodes and Paracarniella, but is distinguished by the larger eye, the shorter antennal segment I that is shorter than the head length, the lack of a distinct lateral and median pronotal carina, and the relatively slender body. Dorsal habitus of species (Figs. 39, 40). This is a small genus with only nine described species, mostly found in Central America and the West Indies (Schuh, 1995; Henry and Ferreira, 2003). It is represented in Cuba by two species.

Key to Cuban Species of Paracarnus 1. –

General color testaceous; scutellum with posterior half or more pale yellow; male genitalia (Figs. 191-193); dorsal habitus (Fig. 40) .........puncticollis (Motschulsky) General color dark reddish brown; scutellum dark, pale yellow at apex only; male genitalia (Figs. 187-190); dorsal habitus (Fig. 39) .............................myersi China

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 55

Paracarnus myersi China (Figs. 39, 187-190) Paracarnus myersi China, 1931: 286 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 51 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 27 (note, host); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list). Paracarnus yersi [sic]: Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.). Diagnosis. Male: General color brownish red, somewhat hyaline. Body slender; collar, pronotum, and scutellum with long, erect, yellow setae. Head, pronotum, and clavus brownish yellow; eye black. Basal half of scutellum brownish yellow, becoming more yellow apically. Hemelytron weakly convex, hyaline; basal angle of corium and a mesal transverse comma-shaped band red; membrane fuscous, veins dark. Propleura reddish brown. Mesocoxa reddish basally. Metathoracic auricle and evaporative area white. Genitalia (Figs. 187-190). Total length 3.75-3.90 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 39). Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Piper peltatum Miq. [Piperaceae]; one specimen labeled “collected in Mangrove” (Alayo, 1974). Type material examined. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (syntypes), and 2 nymphs: Cuba, West Indies, Trinidad Mtn., Sept.1929, J. G. Myers, BM 1930-190 (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 9 specimens: Peninsula de Guanahacabibes (Pinar del Rio). San José de las Lajas; San Antonio de los Baños; Güanimar (La Habana). Santiago de la Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). Torrientes (Matanzas). Jibacoa, Escambray; San Felipe; San Blas, Trinidad (Las Villas). Soledad (Cienfuegos). La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba) (8 IES, 1 USNM). Discussion. China (1931) described P. myersi based on only one adult male and female. He also tentatively associated several nymphs bearing peculiar multipointed processes on the head and pronotum with these adults. He stated that they had a peculiar structure on the pronotum, an anchor-like process (Fig. 190) arising as a wide column from posterior disc and spreading out apically into four long sharply pointed processes arranged in two pairs, one pair projecting on each side, the anterior ones slightly longer and more sinuate than posterior ones. The mesonotum possesses a pair of small pointed tubercles near the inner basal angle of each front wing pad, each giving rise to a bristle. Horacio Grillo (Hernández, pers. comm.) reared this species and, thus, provided the first confirmed association of adults and nymphs. Paracarnus myersi is known only from Cuba.

56 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Paracarnus puncticollis (Motschulsky) (Figs. 40, 191-193) Liocoris puncticollis Motschulsky, 1863: 88 (orig. descrip.). Neofurius puncticollis: Bergroth, 1917: 108 (comb., note). Paracarnus maestralis Bruner, 1934: 37 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 50 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 27 (note); Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat., in error). Synonymized by Carvalho 1955b: 224. Paracarnus puncticollis: Carvalho 1955b: 224 (syn.); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Carvalho, 1957: 52 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 40). General color yellowish brown; eye brownish red, large; head, pronotum, and clavus pale brown. Antennal segment II longer than remaining segments. Pronotum narrow anteriorly, sparsely punctured near posterior margins. Scutellum convex, yellow, with two dark brown markings along lateral margins. Hemelytron hyaline, with a preapical red band curving across the corium from costal margin to apex of clavus; membrane opaque, veins reddish. Mesosternum dark. Metathoracic evaporative area white. Genitalia (Figs. 191-193). Total length 3.80-4.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in appearance. Host. Alayo (1974) suggested that this species preys on aphids. Type material examined. Holotype (Paracarnus maestralis Bruner) ♂: Sierra Maestra, Cuba, 10-20 July 1922, C. H. Ballou, S. C. Bruner, & P. Morba, 3000-4250 ft. (USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 5 specimens: La Siberia, Sierra Maestra; Pico Turquino; Pico del Cardero (Santiago de Cuba). Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin) (IES).

Tribe Surinamellini Carvalho and Rosas Diagnosis. Species in this tribe are generally ant mimetic, with the abdomen sometimes constricted at the base. The males of some species have the emboliar margins narrowed apically, and the vesica has two bifurcate membranous lobes (Fig. 194-196) (Carvalho and Rosas, 1962). Discussion. This is a tropicopolitan, southern-temperate group comprised of 12 myrmecomorphic genera (Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one genus, first reported by Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 57

Genus Eustictus Reuter Eustictus Reuter, 1909b: 35. Type species: Megacoelum grossum Uhler, 1887. Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Deraeocorinae by transversely striate frons; proportionately large eyes occupying a large percentage of the head dorsally; median sulcus on the vertex; the long, mostly linear antennal segments; and weakly developed calli. Dorsal habitus (Figs. 41, 42). Discussion. Carvalho (1955b) placed Eustictus in the tribe Saturniomirini, and later (Carvalho, 1987a) transferred it to Surinamellini based on the shiny body, evenly linear antennal segments with the last segment fusiform, and the general, ant-mimetic appearance of some species, especially the nymphal stages. This genus includes 38 described species (Schuh, 1995), widely distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. It is represented in Cuba by two species, first reported by Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b).

Key to the Cuban Species of Eustictus 1. –

Length 3.00 mm or less; hemelytra pale, mottled with brown; outer margin of cuneus reddish; dorsal habitus (Fig. 42) .................................... soroaensis, n. sp. Length 6.00 mm or greater; hemelytra pale with small brown spots; outer margin of cuneus not reddish; dorsal habitus (Fig. 41) .......... brunnipunctatus Maldonado Eustictus brunnipunctatus Maldonado (Fig. 41)

Eustictus brunnipunctatus Maldonado, 1969: 24 (orig. descrip.); Schuh 1995: 651 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male (after Maldonado, 1969): General color brown. Head, eyes, and pronotum dark brown; labium pale brown. Antennal segments brown, paler brown apically; sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum and scutellum shiny, dark brown; scutellum with an oval, pale brown spot near basal angles. Coxae pale brown; femora pale brown basally. Abdomen slightly darker brown than coxae before genital capsule. Vertex concave. Hemelytron weakly concave along costal margin. Total length 5.30 mm (Maldonado, 1969). Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 41). Similar to male in general appearance, except for an apical, oval, yellow spot on outer half of the embolium. Total length 6.10-6.30 mm (specimens from Cuba). Host. Unknown.

58 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Specimens examined. Cuba, 3♀♀: Playa Larga, Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas) (IES). Discussion. Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) first reported this species from Cuba based on three females that agree with the combination of characters given by Maldonado (1969), especially the dark brown-spotted hemelytra.

Eustictus soroaensis Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 42, 194-196) Eustictus sp. A: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list) Diagnosis. Recognized by the small size and the structure of the male genitalia, especially the short left paramere that is expanded subapically. Description. Male (n = 1): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 42). Macropterous; total length 2.85 mm. General coloration brown; scutellum and hemelytra yellow. Head: Length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.28 mm; brownish yellow basally; clypeus produced, set with erect, brown setae; vertex width two times less than width of eyes in dorsal view, with three black punctures surrounded by yellow, width of vertex 0.15 mm; eye prominent, black, nearly touching anterior angles of pronotum and occupying entire height of head in lateral view. Antenna: Segment I brown, shorter than remaining segments, length 0.30 mm; II yellowish basally and mesally, brown to apex, three times longer than segment I, length 0.90 mm; III and IV missing. Labium: Yellowish, extending beyond hind coxae well onto abdominal segments. Thorax. Pronotum: Length 0.45 mm; posterior width 0.90 mm; declivous; anterior and posterior margins straight; clothed with adpressed, yellow setae, intermixed with semierect, brown setae, especially on lateral margins. Mesoscutum brown, with a pale yellow stripe on lateral margin. Scutellum brown, yellowish apically. Hemelytron: Pale yellow, mottled with brown, especially on apex of corium; clavus and embolium set with semierect setae; outer margins of cuneus reddish. Ventral surface: Brown. Legs: Coxae yellow; metacoxa reddish basally. Genitalia (Figs. 194-196). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Etymology. Named for the type locality, Soroa, a town in Pinar del Rio Province. Type material. Holotype ♂: [label 1] “[Cuba] Soroa [Pinar del Rio Prov.], III 1963, Alayo-Garcia”; [label 2] “72 Foto”; [label 3] “Eustictus sp., det. G. Stondahl, 1996”; [label 4, red, here added] “Holotype ♂: Eustictus soroaensis Hernández and Henry” (IES).

Tribe Termatophylini Reuter Diagnosis. Cassis (1995) reviewed this tribe and stated that it is best diagnosed by the following combination of characters: short first labial segment that does not extend beyond

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 59

posterior margin of bucculae; moderately to strongly porrect head with the apex of clypeus in lateral view terminating above or at level of the antenniferous tubercles; pronotum with anterolateral projecting setae on anterior angles near calli; and metathoracic spiracle shaped as an oval or lanceolate opening, usually bounded by evaporative bodies on the dorsocaudal arm of the dorsal margin of mesepimeron. Discussion. This tribe includes eight genera with strongly anthocoridlike facies, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one genus.

Genus Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius, 1912: 4 (orig. descrip.). Type species: Termatophylidea pilosa Reuter and Poppius, 1912. Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished by the characters given in the preceding key to tribes, including the strong anthocoridlike facies, the eyes placed far forward from pronotum, the rows of punctures on the pronotum and hemelytra, and the translucent hemelytra with long, erect pubescence. Discussion. Cassis (1995) reviewed the subfamily and gave characters to distinguish Termatophylidea from other genera. Maldonado (1970) provided a key to the species. Termatophylidea pilosa Reuter and Poppius (Fig. 43). Termatophylidea pilosa Reuter and Poppius, 1912: 5 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 36 (cat.); Callan, 1975: 389 (host, habits, distr.); Schuh, 1995: 658 (cat.); Wheeler, 2001: 294 (hosts, habits, prey). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 43). Overall coloration pale yellowish brown. Head with a narrow red line behind each eye and two anterior lines originating at each eye and converging on clypeus; distance from hind margin of eye to anterior margin of collar about one third the length of an eye. Pronotum pale yellow; lateral carinae narrow, dark brown; disc evenly punctate. Hemelytron translucent, yellowish brown. Apices of scutellum and embolium with a small dark tubercle. Antennae and legs pale yellowish brown; hind femur sometimes with a brown band at middle. Dorsum set with long, erect setae. Length ca. 3.50-3.75 mm. Host. This predatory species has been observed feeding on adults and nymphs of the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Morales et al. 2002). Wheeler (2001), however, noted that three species of this genus, including T. pilosa, are thrips

60 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

(Thysanoptera) specialists. Callan (1975) reported this species feeding on cocoa or redbanded thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard). Specimens examined. Not known from Cuba; previously recorded only from Jamaica (Maldonado, 1970). Discussion. Specimens of a species of Termatophylidea were first discovered in Cuba by Horacio Grillo (Hernández, pers. comm., 1993), who indicated that he would be describing a new species. Since that communication with Dr. Grillo, we have discovered an abstract (Morales et al. 2002) listing T. gisselleae Grillo (an apparent manuscript name), a species that has been observed, along with Paracarniella cubana (Bruner) and Paracarnus myersi China, preying on adults and nymphs of the avocado lacebug in Cuba. More recently, we have communicated with Dr. Grillo (Hernández, pers. comm. 2008), who will formally describe of this species. Because that description may not appear in time to be included in this paper, we furnish a diagnosis and dorsal photograph (Fig. 43) of T. pilosa, a similar species described and known only from Jamaica, to alert workers of the presence of this genus of predatory bugs in Cuba.

Subfamily Isometopinae Fieber Diagnosis. All Cuban Isometopinae are easily recognized by the overall round body form, the distinct shape of pronotum (Fig. 44), the strongly modified head with distinct ocelli between the eyes, the sexually dimorphic antennae with segment II longer in males than females, and the small size, ranging from 2.00-3.00 mm. Discussion. Herczek (1993) studied the phylogeny of this subfamily and recognized five tribes, including Diphlebini, but also suggested that the genus Diphleps should be placed in a different subfamily, the Diphlebinae, based on the unique structure of head, eyes, pronotum, and cells on the forewing. Schuh (1995) conservatively placed all genera in the nominate tribe Isometopini. We follow previous treatments recognizing Diphlebini as a tribe within the Isometopinae (Henry, 1977; Henry and Wheeler, 1988). The Isometopinae are comprised of 28 genera, most of which are tropical or subtropical (Schuh, 1995). The subfamily is represented in Cuba only by the tribe Diphlebini.

Tribe Diphlebini Bergroth Diagnosis. Species with broadly oval, dorsoventrally flattened body. Head porrect, with frons expanded laterally. Membrane with two closed cells that almost reach apex of forewing; cuneus extending to apex of forewing (McAtee and Malloch, 1924, 1932; Herzeck, 1993). Discussion. This tribe is represented by a single genus.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 61

Genus Diphleps Bergroth Diphleps Bergroth, 1924: 4. Type species: Diphleps unica Bergroth, 1924. Diagnosis. Distinguished by the shape of the pronotum, with the anterior angles projecting in the form of a large sinuate, externally rounded lobe, touching a large part of eyes, anterior angles of pronotum strongly arched around eyes (Fig. 44). Head porrect, strongly inset into anterior part of pronotum. Hemelytron broadly rounded, embolium wide, clavus wider apically than basally. Hind femur swollen. This is a small genus with only four known species, one in North America and three in the West Indies (Henry, 1977; Hernández, 1993). Two species are known to occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Species of Diphleps 1. –

Second antennal segment with a narrow dark band at middle; left paramere (Fig. 199) weakly bent at middle, width nearly subparallel; dorsal habitus (Fig. 44) ...... ................................................................................................maldonadoi Henry Second antennal segment with a broad dark band at middle; left paramere (Fig. 197) strongly bent at middle, with a deep notch laterally .......... henryi Hernández Diphleps henryi Hernández (Figs. 197, 198)

Diphleps henryi Hernández, 1993: 5 (orig. descrip.). Diphleps unica?: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: General color pale brown, except antennal segments I, III, and IV; apex of scutellum and abdomen dark brown. Antennal segment II pale brown, with a wide dark brown band mesally. Cuneus, membrane, and apical fourth of embolium pale brown, embolium paler at apex; hemelytra dark brown, spotted along lateral margins. Ocelli prominent; interocular distance three times wider than the distance from an eye to an ocellus. Pronotum four times wider than long, anterior angles strongly curved around eyes, with two distinct carinae behind calli that weaken toward posterior margin. Genitalia (Figs. 197, 198). Total length 1.90 mm. Female: Previously unknown, but see discussion. Host. Unknown. Diphleps unica Bergroth, a species widespread in eastern North America, has been associated with scale insects (Wheeler and Henry, 1978), suggesting that all members of the genus have similar habits.

62 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba: Lomas de Soroa, Pinar del Rio, 13.vi.1963, P. Alayo, CZACC-7.300382 (IES). Other specimen examined. Cuba, 1 ♀: Mariano (Ciudad de la Habana) (IES). Discussion. We have examined one female of D. henryi from Mariano. It is similar to D. unica, following Henry’s (1977) key, but differs in total length, length and width of the second antennal segment, and the length and width of the pronotum. Considering the strong sexual dimorphism of the species in this genus (Henry, 1977), the more northerly distribution of D. unica, and the lack of additional material, we considered this specimen the female of D. henryi, previously listed from Cuba by Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) as D. unica. Diphleps maldonadoi Henry (Figs. 44, 199-201) Diphleps unica: Maldonado, 1969: 90 (misident.). Diphleps maldonadoi Henry, 1977: 206 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 6 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Body oval; general color dark brown. Head yellowish brown; eyes strongly granulate; labium reaching mesocoxae; antennal segment I barrel shaped, fuscous; tylus enlarged apically. Pronotum strongly arched around eyes. Hemelytron brown, mottled with dark brown; embolium wide; membrane opaque to translucent brown, veins slightly more clear. Genitalia (Figs. 199-201). Total length 1.90 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 44). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Specimen examined. Cuba, 1 ♂: Cayo sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin) (IES). Discussion. The specimen studied has neither the narrow brown band on the second antennal segment nor the apical fourth of the embolium pale, characters given by Henry (1977) to distinguish D. maldonadoi from other species of Diphleps. Further comparison of the male genitalia, however, indicates that this specimen is D. maldonadoi. Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first report of D. maldonadoi in Cuba.

Tribe Mirinae Hahn Diagnosis. This subfamily is recognized by the characters given in the key to subfamilies, especially the structure of the apically divergent parempodia on the tarsal claws (Fig. 6). Kelton (1959) described the rim of the gonopore as resembling a coiled spring and noted that the vesica has sclerotized processes; Schwartz (1987, 2008) considered the vesical aperture of the secondary gonopore well defined.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 63

Discussion. This is the largest subfamily of Miridae, with six tribes, approximately 318 genera, and at least 4,000 described species (Schwartz, 1987; Schuh and Slater, 1995).

Key to Cuban Tribes of Mirinae 1. – 2. –

First segment of hind tarsus as long as second and third combined (Fig. 9); antennae usually very long and slender; head porrect; frons usually with a distinct median sulcus; coloration brown or green ........................................... Stenodemini China First segment of hind tarsus shorter than second and third combined (Fig. 10); antennae relatively short; frons without a median sulcus; coloration variable .......2 Species mostly dull black, marked with red, orange, or yellow on head, pronotum, and/or scutellum; metathoracic evaporative area small; pronotal collar wide mesally..........................................................................................Restheniini Reuter Species variably colored, often shiny, usually green, brown, or black with variable markings; metathoracic evaporative area prominent; pronotal collar narrow .......... ........................................................................................................ Mirini Hahn

Tribe Mirini Hahn Diagnosis. Members of this tribe are recognized by the combinations of prominent eyes, not extending ventrally beyond middle of head; the strongly convex pronotal collar; the dorsal margin of antennal fossa nearly even with ventral margin of eye in lateral view; and the gently rounded frons. The tribe Mirini comprises a worldwide group with at least 250 described genera, and contains many species of economic importance (Schuh and Slater, 1995; Wheeler, 2001; Schwartz, 2008). It is represented in Cuba by 13 genera and 24 species.

Key to Cuban Genera of Mirini (Adapted from Maldonado, 1969) 1. –

Body smooth or shagreened dorsally ...................................................................2 Body faintly or distinctly punctate dorsally .........................................................4

2.

Species glabrous, shining, dark brown with distinct yellowish-white markings on pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra; pronotum with four to six yellow stripes reaching posterior margin; male genitalia (Figs. 226-229); dorsal habitus (Figs. 55, 56) ..........................................................................................Horcias Distant

64 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

–

Species not glabrous or shining, more somber colored with green, black, or brown background, sometimes with variably colored markings on pronotum; male genitalia and dorsal habitus of species different from above ...............................................3

3.

Hind femur flattened, noticeably narrowed toward apex; species variegated or marbled dorsally, usually with two or three types of setae; male genitalia (Figs. 230-249); dorsal habitus (Figs. 57-66) ......................................................... Phytocoris Fallén Hind femur not flattened, nearly of equal thickness throughout; greenish species, often tinged with red, never marbled or variegated, with only simple setae; male genitalia (Figs. 205-210); dorsal habitus (Figs. 47, 48) ............Creontiades Distant

–

4. – 5. – 6. – 7. – 8. –

Pronotum strongly declivous; scutellum prominently elevated (Fig. 41); hemelytron usually bent down at cuneus; male genitalia (Figs. 215-220), shaft of left paramere concave apically; dorsal habitus (Figs. 52, 53) ......................... Derophthalma Berg Pronotum and scutellum horizontal; hemelytra usually not bent down at cuneus; male genitalia different ........................................................................................5 Species abundantly spotted with yellow on vertex, pronotum, scutellum, pleura, abdomen, membrane, and legs; left paramere of male genitalia with a subbasal apodeme (Figs. 221-225); dorsal habitus (Fig. 54) ................... Derophthalmoides Maldonado Species not spotted or mottled with yellow; left paramere of male genitalia without a subasal apodeme ...............................................................................................6 Hemelytra covered with silky pubescence, mixed with fine, erect, simple setae; male genitalia (Figs. 250-252); dorsal habitus (Figs. 67, 68) .................Polymerus Hahn Hemelytral pubescence not silky; male genitalia and dorsal habitus different from above...................................................................................................................7 Species uniformly green or yellowish green dorsally, sometimes with faint fuscous marks on hemelytra; male genitalia with basal lobe of left paramere strongly developed, apex not bifurcate (Fig. 255); dorsal habitus of species (Fig. 70) ..........Taylorilygus Leston Species with a different color pattern; basal lobe of left paramere not strongly developed ...............................................................................................................8 Species yellow to yellowish green, often marked with red dorsally; basal lobe of left paramere not well developed, bifurcate apically (Figs. 211, 213); dorsal habitus (Fig. 49-51) .......................................................................................Dagbertus Distant Species testaceous, black, or greenish, marked with black or red; genitalia different ...........................................................................................................9

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 65

9. –

Body polished, glabrous; male genitalia (Fig. 253); dorsal habitus (Fig. 69)........... ....................................................................................................... Proba Distant Body dull or semishiny, finely pilose; male genitalia different from above ..........10

10. Species medium sized (3.00 mm); head short; frons punctate or transversely striate; carina between eyes at base of head distinct; dorsal habitus (Fig. 71, 72) ............... .............................................................................................. Tropidosteptes Uhler – Species large (6.00 mm or more); head long; frons impunctate; carina between eyes at base of head obsolete .....................................................................................11 11. Pronotum with two distinct black spots on posterior lobe; vesica of the male genitalia with distinct comb-shaped spicules (Fig. 207); body dull; dorsal habitus (Fig. 45) ...............................................................................................Adelphocoris Reuter – Pronotum without black spots, polished with a black band along posterior margin,extending to humeral angles; vesica of the male genitalia without combshaped spicules; body shiny dorsally; dorsal habitus (Fig. 46) ..... Calondas Distant

Genus Adelphocoris Reuter Adelphocoris Reuter 1896: 168. Type species: Cimex seticornis Fabricius, 1775. Diagnosis. Elongate oval species. Eyes large. Labium extending to hind coxae. Tibial spines prominent. Vesica of male genitalia with distinct comb-shaped spicules (Fig. 207). Yasunaga (1990) provided the general characters to distinguish this genus from other Mirinae, especially the comb-shaped spicules of male genitalia. This genus is very speciose in the Palearctic (Schuh, 1995), but only one endemic and one introduced (adventive) species occurs in North America (Wheeler and Henry, 1992). One adventive species occurs in Cuba (Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b). Adelphocoris rapidus (Say) (Figs. 45, 202-204) Capsus rapidus Say, 1832: 20 (orig. descrip.). Adelphocoris rapidus: Carvalho, 1959: 18 (cat.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 295 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 692 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list); Schwartz and Scudder 2003: 90 (n. syn., descrip., distr.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 45). Head brown, longer than wide; antennal segment I, segment II basally and apically, and two distinct spots on pronotum black; collar,

66 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

embolium, and lateral margins of cuneus whitish. Antennal segments III and IV yellow basally, and red to apex. Labial segments reddish yellow; segment IV black. Cuneus red. Clavus, corium, and scutellum dark brown; membrane black. Abdominal segments black, with red dashes. Metathoracic auricle and evaporative area yellow. Front tibiae slightly incrassate, black. Genitalia (Figs. 202-204). Total length 6.45-6.75 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown in Cuba. This species is known to feed on a wide range of plants, including corn, cotton, legumes, strawberries, and wheat, and occasionally becomes a serious pest (Wheeler, 2001). Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Habana (Habana) (IES, BMNH). Discussion. This species was recorded from Cuba by Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b).

Genus Calondas Distant Calondas Distant, 1884: 268. Type species: Calondas superbus Distant, 1884. Diagnosis. Species polished, shiny. Antennal segment I slightly swollen, as long as head; II, two times as long as head. Posterior margin of pronotum convex and slightly elevated. This small genus, with only three described species, is distributed from Central to South America (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one species. Calondas fasciatus Distant (Fig. 46) Calondas fasciatus Distant, 1884: 268 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1959: 52 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 11 (note); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note); Schuh, 1995: 721 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 797. Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 46). Antennal segment I and II, apex of antennal segment IV, frons, base of head, collar, anterior lobe of pronotum, meson of scutellum, and a wide band on posterior lobe of pronotum black. Antennal segments II and IV and meson of head yellowish. Pronotum with basal margin and a transverse band greenish. Margin of clavus black; apex of corium and cuneus reddish; membrane opaque black with cells darker. Femora testaceous; fore- and mesotibiae greenish; metatibia pale testaceous; tarsal segment III yellow. Meso- and metasternum with a distinct black spot; evaporative area of scent gland black. Abdomen dark brown. Body covered by adpressed pubescence, especially on scutellum and hemelytra. Total length 7.30-9.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 67

Type specimen examined. Calondas fasciatus Distant, lectotype ♀: Panamá, Bugaba, Champion (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 2 specimens: Alto del Cardero, Turquino; Loma del Gato (Santiago de Cuba) (IES).

Genus Creontiades Distant Creontiades Distant, 1883: 237. Type species: Megacoelum rubrinerve Stål, 1862b. Diagnosis. Large, dull, parallel-sided species. Head: Eyes, prominent, touching anterior margin of pronotum; vertex longitudinally sulcate; frons striolate. Antennae long, slender; segment I longer than head width and shorter than length of head and pronotum combined. Pronotum without lateral carina; collar narrow. Discussion. This large genus includes 54 described species worldwide (Malipatil and Cassis, 1997). It is represented in Cuba by two species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Creontiades 1. –

Smaller species, length 5.00 mm or less; uniformly green, including hemelytra and scutellum; dorsal habitus (Fig. 47)............................................. debilis Van Duzee Larger species, length 6.00 mm or more; green to greenish yellow; hemelytra tinged and marked with red; scutellum finely brown spotted, with extreme apex black; dorsal habitus (Fig. 48) ...............................................................rubrinervis (Stål) Creontiades debilis Van Duzee (Figs. 47, 205-207)

Creontiades debilis Van Duzee, 1915: 111 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1959: 74 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 10 (diag., host); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 744 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Distinguished from C. rubrinervis by the smaller size, strongly convex vertex; more distinct calli; the uniformly green or yellowish-green dorsal coloration, without red lines or a red tinge; and the relatively shorter large cell of the membrane. Genitalia (Figs. 205-207). Total length 4.80 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 47). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on Batis maritima L. [Bataceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Batabanò (Habana) (IES).

68 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Creontiades rubrinervis (Stål) (Figs. 48, 208-210) Megacoelum rubrinerve Stål, 1862b: 321 (orig. descrip.). Creontiades rubrinervis: Bruner et al., 1945: 132, 137 (hosts); Alayo, 1974: 9 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 253 (host); Carvalho, 1959: 77 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 138 (note); Schuh, 1995: 746 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 48). Distinguished from C. debilis by the larger size; the red-tinged antennal segment I and apically red segments II and III; the less convex calli; and yellowish-green upper surface and legs variously tinged or marked with red; veins of membrane red; and the longer, more erect hemelytral setae. Genitalia (Figs. 208-210). Total length 6.22 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Maldonado (1969) reported this species from Ipomoea pescaprae (L.) [Convulvulaceae] and Canavalia maritima Thouars [Fabaceae]. Also collected on Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae]; Phaseolus lunatus L., P. vulgaris L. [Fabaceae], Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. [Fabaceae]; Bruner et al. (1945, 1975) listed Vigna sinensis Endl. ex Hassk. (Fabaceae); Zayas (1989) added chick peas (Cicer arietinum L.) [Fabaceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 50 specimens: Santa Fe; Sierra La Reforma (Isla de la Juventud). Viñales; Soroa; Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio). Sierras de Jaruco, Sitio Perdido; Bainoa (Habana). Santiago de La Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). Ciénaga de Zapata; Yumuri; Arcos de Canasi; Agramonte (Matanzas). Soledad (Cienfuegos). Pelo Malo; Palmira; Universidad Central de La Villas (Villa Clara). Tres Palmas, Escambray; Jatibonico; Cudina, Topes de Collantes; Buenos Aires (Sancti Spiritus). Baracoa (Holgüin). La Emajagua; Ojito de Agua (Guantánamo). Lomas del Gato; El Cobre; Jarahueca; Sierra Maestra; Imias (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES).

Genus Dagbertus Distant Dagbertus Distant, 1904b: 203. Type species: Capsus darwini Butler, 1877. Diagnosis. Oval-elongate species, dorsally rugose, clothed with decumbent, short, simple pubescence. Head three times longer than wide; vertex one third as long as head width, marginate and sometimes carinate. Labium extending to meso- or metacoxae. Antennal segment I as long as head width; segment II three times longer than segment I; segments III and IV subequal, slender. Pronotum trapeziform, weakly convex, impunctate; humeral margins rounded; lateral margins straight; calli flat; mesoscutum sometimes exposed.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 69

Hemelytron superficially rugose, weakly punctate; embolium slightly expanded to apex; cuneus two times longer than wide (Carvalho and Fontes, 1983). This genus is distinguished from Taylorilygus by the overall smaller size and the structure of the male genitalia, especially by the bifurcate apex of the left paramere (Figs. 211, 213), and from Proba by the lack of a complete carina at the base of head and the overall dull surface texture (shiny or polished in Proba). Dagbertus is a large genus with approximately 43 described species (Carvalho and Fontes, 1983). It is represented in Cuba by three species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Dagbertus 1. –

Antennal segment II fuscous at apex; dorsal habitus (Fig. 50).....olivaceus (Reuter) Antennal segment II uniformly pale ....................................................................2

2.

Apex of clypeus, pleural stripe on thorax, and transverse band across pronotum dark brown; dorsal habitus (Fig. 51) ............................................semipictus (Blatchley) Apex of clypeus uniformly pale; pleural area of thorax lacking dark areas (at most, with flecks of red), and pronotum uniformly pale; dorsal habitus (Fig. 49) ........... .................................................................................................. fasciatus (Reuter)

–

Dagbertus fasciatus (Reuter) (Figs. 49, 211, 212) Lygus fasciatus Reuter, 1876: 72 (orig. descrip.). Dagbertus fasciatus: Carvalho, 1959: 80 (cat.); Henry, 1985b: 1122 (descrip., lectotype desig., hosts); Carvalho and Fontes, 1983: 158 (key); Maldonado, 1986: 131 (note, hosts); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 751 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 49). Antennal segment II unicolorous, pale; scutellum lacking red or fuscous markings, if weakly marked, inner margin of clavus infuscated or clouded with brown. Paraclypeus with a bright red, transverse band apically. Pronotum with a dark, transverse band posteriorly. Genitalia (Figs. 211, 212). Total length 2.85-3.30 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Maldonado (1986) listed Cordia nitida Vahl [Boraginaceae] and Tecoma stans Juss. [Bignoniaceae]; Leston (1979) reported this species on avocado, Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae] in Florida. Specimens examined. No Cuban material examined. Discussion. This species is readily distinguished from D. olivaceus by the uniformly pale antennal segment II. It is widespread in the United States, including Florida, Georgia,

70 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas (Henry and Wheeler, 1988). Maldonado (1986) recorded it from Cuba without giving a specific locality. Dagbertus olivaceus (Reuter) (Figs. 50, 213, 214) Lygus olivaceus Reuter, 1907: 6 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 129 (host). Dagbertus olivaceus: Carvalho, 1959: 80 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 11 (diag., hosts); Carvalho and Fontes, 1983: 158 (key); Henry 1985b: 1123 (descrip., lectotype desig., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 131 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 140 (note); Schuh, 1995: 752 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 50). Distinguished from D. fasciatus by the apically black antennal segment II; the entirely or apically red or fuscous scutellum; and the unmarked clavus. Paraclypeus unmarked. Labium straw colored, segment IV dark brown or black apically. Scutellum mostly red or at least apical third red, speckled with red, or fuscous. Pronotum without a transverse dark band. Hemelytron with clavus blackish along commisure, some specimens with inner apex of corium black; apex of cuneus brownish red. Genitalia (Figs. 213, 214). Total length 2.70-3.90 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Persea sp. [Lauraceae]; Parthenium sp. [Asteraceae]; Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston [Myrtaceae]; Zea mays L. [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974); Leston (1979) and Zayas (1989) reported the species on Persea americana Mill. Specimens examined. Cuba, 20 specimens: Sierra de Mesa; La Animas, Sierra de Rangel; Peninsula de Guanahacabibes; Bahia Honda (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). C. de Guines; Laguna Ariguanabo (La Habana). Sierra de Cubitas (Camagüey). Loma de la Mensura (Holgüin). Pico del Cardero, Turquino (Santiago de Cuba). La Fa, Imias (Guantánamo) (IES, BMNH). Dagbertus semipictus (Blatchley) (Fig. 51) Bolteria semipictus Blatchley, 1926: 743 (orig. descrip.). Dagbertus parafasciatus Maldonado, 1969: 36 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho and Fontes, 1983:170 (key, descrip.). Synonymized by Henry, 1985b: 1123. Dagbertus semipictus: Henry 1985b: 1123 (n. comb.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 303 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 753 (cat.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 51). Most similar to D. fasciatus in having an entirely pale second antennal segment, but can be distinguished by the second antennal segment

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 71

being longer than the basal width of the pronotum (shorter than width of pronotum in D. fasciatus), the apically fuscous clypeus (tylus), the dark brown to reddish-brown plueral stripe of the thorax (often extending onto the abdomen (dark stripe absent; at most with red flecks in D. fasciatus), and the wide, transverse, dark brown band on the pronotum (and often across the base and apex of the corium). Length 3.00-3.60 mm. Female: Similar to male in having the apex of the clypeus dark brown, but dark brown markings on the pleural areas of the thorax and abdomen are usually absent, and the dorsal band on the pronotum is much less distinct or absent. Hosts. Maldonado (1969) recorded Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. [Bignoniaceae] (for D. parafasciatus) as a host in Puerto Rico. Henry (1985b) found this species in large numbers on flowers of Hippocratea volubilis L. [Hippocrateaceae] in Florida. Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀♀: Horiguero, J. J. MacGillavry (ZMA). Discussion. Dagbertus semipictus, previously known only from Puerto Rico and Florida (Henry, 1985b), represents a new record for Cuba.

Genus Derophthalma Berg Derophthalma Berg, 1883: 22. Type species: Derophthalma reuteri Berg, 1883. Diagnosis. Carvalho and Gomes (1980) recognized this genus by the elongate-oval body, punctate pronotum and scutellum, and the strongly shagreened hemelytra. Head strongly declivous, longer than wide; vertex slightly depressed mesally, and finely sulcate; gula elongate; eye large. Pronotum shagreened, prominent mesally; strongly declivous in some species. Scutellum distinctly elevated; mesoscutum exposed. Hemelytron with declivous cuneus. Clothed with adpressed, dense, silky pubescence. Derophthalma contains 26 described species, distributed primarily in South America, with only six recorded from West Indies. Carvalho and Gomes (1980) revised the genus and provided a key to the species. Only two species are known to occur in Cuba (Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b), both of which are described as new below.

Key to Cuban Species of Derophthalma 1.

–

Larger species (3.45 mm); antennal segment I pale brown with a narrow fuscous band at base, antennal segment II pale brown, apex narrowly dark brown; embolium concolorous with corium; male genitalia (Figs. 218-220); dorsal habitus (Fig. 52) ... .......................................................................................... guantanamoensis, n. sp. Smaller species (2.55 mm); antennal segment I uniformly dark brown, antennal segment II brownish yellow, with apical third dark brown; embolium red, contrasting with brown corium; male genitalia (Figs. 215-217); dorsal habitus (Fig. 53) ..........elongata, n. sp.

72 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Derophthalma elongata Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 53, 215-217) Drophthalma sp. B: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list) Diagnosis. Similar to D. dominicana Carvalho and Gomes in lacking a spicule on the vesica (Carvalho and Gomes, 1980), but differs in the structure of parameres (Figs. 179), especially the more elongate left paramere, with a shorter shaft. Distinguished from D. guantanamoensis by the dark brown antennal segment I, the dark apical third of segment II, and the red embolium. Description. Male (n = 1): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 53). Total length 2.55 mm. Head: Length 0.63 mm; head width across eyes 0.63 mm; width of vertex 0.30 mm; castaneous, covered with adpressed, yellow setae. Labium: Segment I brownish yellow; II yellow; III castaneous basally and yellowish to apex; IV dark brown. Antenna: Segment I dark brown, length 0.31 mm; II brownish yellow, base and apical third brown, length 0.49 mm; III and IV brownish yellow, length III 0.37 mm, IV 0.18 mm. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length 0.60 mm; posterior length 1.05 mm; castaneous; scutellum brownish yellow. Hemelytron: Corium brown with mottled pale and brown areas dorsally; embolium and cuneus reddish, apex of cuneus white; membrane opaque; covered with tufts of adpressed setae. Legs: Coxae and hind femora dark brown, base of pro- and mesofemur with brown annuli; tibiae yellow. Venter: Abdomen brown; metathoracic scent gland evaporative area whitish. Genitalia (Figs. 215-217). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named “elongata” in reference to the elongate left paramere. Type material. Holotype ♂: [label 1] “Cupeyal, Yateras, Ote. [Holgüin], VI.1971”; [label 2, yellow] 8; [label 3] “17 foto”; [label 4, red, here added] “Holotype ♂: Derophthalma elongata Hernández and Henry”(IES). Derophthalma guantanamoensis Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 52, 218-220) Derophthalma sp. A: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list) Derophthalma sp. C: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list) Diagnosis. Similar to D. chilena Carvalho and Gomes (Carvalho and Gomes, 1980), but differs in the dark brown general coloration with yellow areas dorsally, and the structure of male genitalia. Distinguished from D. elongata by the larger size, differently colored antennae and embolium, and the male genitalia.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 73

Description. Male (n = 1): Dorsal habitus (Fig 52). Macropterous; total length 2.99 mm; general coloration dark brown with brownish-yellow areas dorsally. Head: Length 0.30 mm, width across eyes 0.28 mm, width of vertex 0.20 mm; dark brown, declivous; clypeus produced, black. Labium: Extending to mesocoxa, segment II and IV brown, other segments pale yellow. Antenna: Segment I brown, length 0.24 mm; II yellow, dark brown apically, length 1.11; III pale brown, length 0.45 mm; IV missing. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length 0.75 mm; posterior width 1.05 mm; dark brown with pale areas at humeral angles and along middle of posterior lobe. Scutellum: Unicolorous with a pale yellow stripe on disc, yellow to apex. Hemelytron: Covered with tufts of erect, yellow setae dorsally; clavus dark brown; corium pale castaneous basally and apically; membrane opaque, veins brown. Legs: Coxa, apex of hind femur, and base and apex of tibia dark brown. Venter. Scent gland evaporative area whitish. Genitalia (Figs. 218-220). Female (n = 1): Macropterous; total length 3.45 mm. Head: Length 0.30 mm, width across eyes 0.78 mm, width of vertex 0.30 mm; dark brown, declivous, anteocular distance to tip of clypeus less than dorsal width of eyes; clypeus dark brown; mandibular plates elevated; eye occupying entire height of head in lateral view. Labium: Brown. Antenna: Base of antennal segment I length 0.24 mm, brown; II length 0.99 mm, brown apically; III length 0.99 mm, brown apically; IV length 0.75 mm, brown apically. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length 0.76 mm; posterior width 1.50 mm; pronotum and scutellum distinctly punctate; calli dark brown; pronotum and scutellum with adpressed, yellow setae. Hemelytron: Clavus, middle of corium, embolium, and cuneus dark brown, remainder of corium pale castaneous, lateral margin of cuneus pale castaneous; membrane opaque, veins brown. Legs: Uniformly yellow. Ventral surface: Abdominal segments brown; mesepisternum and metapleura black; metathoracic scent gland evaporative area white. Host. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the province in which it was collected. Discussion. Our description of the female above is based on a specimen from Loma de la Mensura. It compares well with the only known male of this species, but more material will be required to verify this association. Type material. Holotype ♂: [label 1] “La Emajagua, G[uan]t[á]namo, 27.VII.1990, L. F. Armas, a la luz, 470 m”; [label 2, yellow] “7”; [label 3] “16 foto”; [label 4, red, here added] “Holotype ♂: Derophthalma guantanamoensis Hernández and Henry” (IES). Paratype: 1 ♀, Loma de la Mensura, Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin), L. F. Armas, V. Becker, a la luz, 780 mm (IES).

74 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Genus Derophthalmoides Maldonado Deraophthalmoides Maldonado, 1986: 131 (orig. descrip.). Type species: Derophthalmoides multimaculatus Maldonado, 1986. Diagnosis. Species brown, spotted and mottled with yellow; pronotum, hemelytra, and scutellum covered with sparse, short, adpressed setae. Head vertical; eyes large; labium extending to mesocoxa. Antennal segments mostly linear; I as long as interocular space; II, slightly incrassate toward apex, nearly glabrous. Pronotum declivous, smooth, posteriorly rounded well above level of head. Scutellum smooth, slightly wider than long, convex, not swollen or gibbous (Maldonado, 1986). This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba (Maldonado, 1986). Derophthalmoides multimaculatus Maldonado (Figs. 54, 221-225) Derophthalmoides multimaculatus Maldonado, 1986: 131 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 755 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 54). General coloration brown with abundant yellowish spots on vertex, pronotum, scutellum, pleurae, abdomen, and membrane. Antennal segment I with one or two yellow spots; II with a yellow band about midlength. Embolium yellow with spots and dashes of brown; cuneus pale brown, margined with yellow; membrane dark brown, spotted with yellow. Genitalia (Figs. 221-225). Total length (to base of cuneus) 2.50 mm (Maldonado, 1986). Host. Unknown. Type material examined. None examined. The holotype is deposited in the Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic. A paratype supposedly retained in the Maldonado collection (USNM) was not located. Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded D. multimaculatus from Varadero and Matanzas, Cuba.

Genus Horcias Distant Horcias Distant, 1884: 277. Type species: Horicas variegatus Distant, 1884. Diagnosis. Members of this genus are recognized by the polished dorsum, linear antennal segment II, and cuneus that is as long as wide.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 75

This large genus with 32 described species is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region (Schuh, 1995). Carvalho (1976b) and Carvalho and Jurberg (1976) reviewed this genus and related taxa in the New World, and provided a key to species. Horcias is represented in Cuba by one variable species. This is the first record of the genus for Cuba and the West Indies. Horcias multilineatus Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 55, 56, 226-229) Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Mirinae by the four to six yellow stripes on pronotum, the basally yellow antennal segments I and II, basally and apically to entirely brown cuneus, and the structure of male genitalia, especially the apically curved, sclerotized process of the vesica and the left paramere with a prominent mesal process. Description. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 55). Macropterous; total length 4.80 mm; brown; head and pronotum marked with yellow; hemelytron with white areas basally and on inner region of corium, with a white stripe running parallel through claval vein to apex of vein R+M. Head: Total length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.75 mm; width of vertex 0.30 mm; declivous; frons rugose; junction with clypeus depressed; maxillar and mandibular plates elevated, black basally; buccula set with white, erect setae; eyes prominent, occupying entire height of head in lateral view. Labium: Extending to metacoxa. Antenna: Segment I thicker than segment III, length 0.69 mm; II two times longer than I, slightly enlarged to apex, length 1.50 mm; III subequal to segment IV, length 0.46 mm; IV length 0.45 mm; all segments dark brown with bases yellow; all segments covered with short, erect pubescence. Thorax. Pronotum: Length 1.05 mm; anterior width 1.80; trapeziform with six dorsal, yellow stripes; anterior margins straight; lateral margins parallelsided; posterior margins yellow, collar yellow. Scutellum: Yellowish orange. Hemelytron: Brown; emboliar margins convex apically; cuneus longer than wide; membrane black. Legs: Femora apically reddish; tibiae with spines shorter than tibial widths, intermixed with spinules, and covered with yellow setae; tarsal segment III brown. Venter: Yellowish orange; abdominal segments reddish near spiracles. Genitalia (Figs. 226-229). Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 56). Macropterous; total length 2.55 mm; general coloration brown with yellow markings on collar, pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra; dorsally clothed with short, erect, yellow setae. Head: Total length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.75 mm; width of vertex 0.30 mm; declivous; width of vertex two times wider than dorsal width of eyes; clypeus prominent; mandibular plate weakly elevated. Labium: Extending to metacoxae. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, length 0.30 mm; II longer than remaining segments, five times longer than segment III, length 2.40 mm; III two times longer than segment I, brown, length 0.45 mm; IV brown, length 0.26 mm; all segments set with short, yellow setae. Thorax. Pronotum: Length 0.75 mm; anterior width

76 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

1.12 mm; trapeziform; brown, with four distinct, yellow stripes dorsally, mesal stripes wider than lateral ones; collar yellow, wider than width of antennal segment I; pronotum with short, erect setae. Scutellum: Yellow, brown mesally on basal half. Hemelytron: Apex of clavus and medial suture marked with yellow, remainder of hemelytron brown, with apex of clavus reddish brown; membrane black. Legs: Femora yellow with two pale brown annuli apically on metafemur; metacoxa dashed with red; tibiae brown. Venter: Yellow. Etymology. This species is named for the multiple lines or stripes on the pronotum. Host. Females were collected on Phyllanthus “ovicularis” [Euphorbiaceae]. Type specimen. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Santa Clara (Villa Clara) (IES) [verbatim data not captured]. Other specimens examined. Cuba, 2 ♀♀: Cajálbana (Pinar del Rio) (IES). Discussion. According to Carvalho (1976b), this species should be included in the subgenus Horciasiodes Carvalho based on the unicolorous hind femur without subapical white spots. We note that the females included with this species differ from the holotype male by the smaller size, the unicolorous antennae, the four yellow stripes on the pronotum, the uniformly yellow scutellum, and the brown cuneus. Even so, the similarities, including the size and proportions of the various body structures (except length), preclude recognizing a second species based only on females and the limited amount of material at hand.

Genus Phytocoris Fallén Phytocoris Fallén, 1814. Type species: Cimex populi Linnaeus, 1758. Diagnosis. Lorum moderately to strongly swollen. Antenna long, cylindrical, segments linear or nearly so. Dorsal coloration variable, usually mottled or variegated; pronotum and hemelytra without distinct punctures; dorsal vestiture with two or three types of setae. Hind femur long, usually reaching beyond apex or abdomen, slightly to moderately flattened, broadest near base, slightly to strongly tapered distally. Genital capsule usually with tubercles above paramere bases; shaft of left paramere slightly to greatly expanded distally in dorsal view; right paramere narrowly to broadly lanceolate, sometimes more complex; vesica with one or more primary membranous lobes, basal process and sclerotized process well developed (Stonedahl, 1988b). This is the largest genus of Mirinae with more than 500 described species (Stonedahl, 1988b). Stonedahl (1995) indicated that while the groups II, III, and IV of Knight (1941) appear to be natural assemblages, his group I clearly is not monophyletic and includes taxa belonging to different species groups. Carvalho and Ferreira (1969) and Carvalho and Gomes (1970) studied the Neotropical Phytocoris; Reuter (1907), Maldonado (1969, 1991), and Carvalho (1990b) reviewed the Antillian species; and Hernández and Stonedahl (1997a) treated the Cuban fauna, adding nine new species.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 77

Key to the Cuban Species of Phytocoris (After Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a) 1. – 2. –

3. –

4.

–

5.

–

Length of antennal segment I 1.5-2.0 times greater than head width across eyes ...........................................................................................................................2 Length of antennal segment I less than or equal to width of head across eyes, or rarely slightly greater than head width .................................................................3 Dorsal surface of the body with numerous clusters of bright, silky setae; antennae, pronotum, hemelytra, and legs uniformly greenish yellow ..................................... ........................................................................... imias Hernández and Stonedahl Dorsal surface of body with scattered silky setae, these never arranged in clusters; antennae, lateral and posterior margins of pronotum, oblique mark near apex of corium, apices of femora, and basal quarter and distal half of tibiae dark red......... ...................................................................... ariadnae Hernández and Stonedahl Hemeltyral membrane more or less evenly suffused with fuscous, lacking distinct dark spots or maculae; sclerotized process of male vesica with 8-10 heavy teeth along outer margin (Fig. 232) .......................................................................................4 Hemelytral membrane marked with dark spots or maculae, these sometimes coalescing to form larger fuscous patches; sclerotized process of male vesica without teeth along outer margin (Fig. 235), but sometimes with series of fine teeth along outer margin of right membranous lobe (Figs. 238, 243) .............................................6 Length of antennal segment I about equal to width across eyes (ratio 1.00:1 to 1.17:1); posterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, distomedial region of corium, and cuneus mostly bright green, fading to yellowish brown with age; male genitalia (Figs. 247-249); dorsal habitus (Fig. 66) ... turquinensis Hernández and Stonedahl Length of antennal segment I less than width across eyes (ratio 0.50-1 to 0.66:1); dorsal surface of body not marked with bright green; male genitalia and dorsal habitus of species different from above ................................................................5 Antennal segment II dark brown, base narrowly pale; antennal segment III nearly black, base narrowly pale; outer margin of cuneus narrowly pale, marked with 2-3 dark spots; male genitalia (Figs. 230-232); dorsal habitus (Fig. 57) ....................... ............................................................................................... angustifrons Knight Extreme base and distal half of antennal segment II pale, intervening area brown to dark brown; antennal segment III nearly black with base and apex narrowly pale; outer margin of cuneus broadly pale, marked with 2-3 dark spots; male genitalia not examined; dorsal habitus (Fig. 64) ........ maestrensis Hernández and Stonedahl

78 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

6. – 7. – 8.

–

9.

–

Scutellum ashen or pale brown, with an elongate fuscous mark either side before apex, sometimes also with limited fuscous markings along anterior margin .........7 Scutellum dark brown, without an elongate fuscous mark, apical third white or with an ovate, pale spot either side before apex....................................................9 Ventral surface of antennal segment I mostly fuscous, length of segment about two thirds of width across eyes of males; dorsal habitus (Fig. 61) ................................. ........................................................................cubensis Hernández and Stonedahl Ventral surface of antennal segment I mostly pale, length of segment about equal to width across eyes of male ................................................................................8 Left paramere of male genitalia with a moderately elevated sensory lobe and broadly rounded apex of shaft (Fig. 242); vesica with a series of small teeth on outer distal margin of right membranous lobe (Fig. 243); body length 3.80-4.00; dorsal habitus (Fig. 62) ............................................................... iani Hernández and Stonedahl Left paramere of male genitalia with a weakly elevated sensory lobe and an elongate, narrowly rounded apex of shaft (Fig. 236); vesica with a narrow, sclerotized strap along outer margin of right membranous lobe, with fine teeth along entire length (Fig. 238); body length 4.20 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 60) .................................... ...................................................................... banderae Hernández and Stonedahl Antennal segment I pale with a reticulate pattern of reddish-brown to fuscous marks on dorsal and lateral surfaces; scutellum dark brown with a pale, ovate mark either side before apex; parameres and vesica of male genitalia (Figs. 244-246); body length 3.50-4.20 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 65) ...........similaris Hernández and Stonedahl Antennal segment I pale with a narrow fuscous band at apex and several dark spots dorsally at base of bristlelike setae; scutellum dark brown basally, apical third uniformly pale; parameres and vesica of male genitalia (Figs. 233-235); body length 3.00-3.50; dorsal habitus (Fig. 59) .................... armasi Hernández and Stonedahl Phytocoris angustifrons Knight (Figs. 57, 230-232)

Phytocoris angustifrons Knight, 1926b: 164 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 60 (diag., note, distr.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Similar to P. pinicola Knight and P. diversus Knight (Knight, 1941), but distinguished from these species by the larger eyes and narrow vertex, brownish to fuscous simple pubescent setae, and the more thickly intermixed whitish, sericeous pubes-

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 79

cence. Head yellowish red on vertex, frons, and dorsal margin and base of lora. Labium extending slightly beyond posterior margin of hind coxae. Antennal segment I 0.60 mm in length; II, fusco-brownish, narrowly pale at base; III black, narrowly pale at base; IV, blackish. Pronotum yellowish to dusky, darker near base but narrow basal margin pale. Hemelytron with three or four dark points on outer margin of cuneus. Genitalia (Figs. 230-232): Vesica with nine teeth on the sclerotized process. Total length 5.10 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 57). Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Unknown. Specimens examined. Phytocoris angustifrons: Holotype ♂, USA: Dunedin, Florida, iv.I.1921, W. S. Blatchley (USNM). Paratype: 1 ♀, USA: Ocean Springs, Mississippi, 4.viii.1921 (USNM). Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded P. angustifrons Knight from “Cuba” without specific locality. This species was placed in group III and recorded from Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi by Knight (1941). Hernández and Stonedahl (1997a) explained the confusion regarding the name of this species. Blatchley (1926) described Phytocoris megalopsis as a new species and redescribed P. angustifrons Knight (1926b). Knight (1927) considered these two species synonyms. Blatchley (1928) agreed with Knight’s (1927) synonymy of P. megalopsis, but failed to rename his preoccupied P. angustifrons Blatchley (1926). Hussey (1957), however, correctly proposed the new name P. pseudonymus for the preoccupied P. angustifrons Blatchley (1926). All of these names are incorrectly listed as synonyms of Phytocoris pseudonymus by Schuh (1995), but Hernández and Stonedahl (1997a) agreed with Henry and Wheeler (1988) that P. angustifrons Knight and P. pseudonymus Hussey are distinct species. Phytocoris ariadnae Hernández and Stonedahl (Fig. 58) Phytocoris ariadnae Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 62 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 58). This species does not conform to any of the taxa treated by Carvalho and Ferreira (1969). It runs with difficulty to Knight’s (1941) group IV in having the antennae pale yellow or red rather than dark brown or black. The long first antennal segment and dark reddish-brown coloration of the antenna, pronotal margins, apex of corium, apices of femora, and most tibiae distinguish this species from other taxa in Group IV and other species of Phytocoris in Cuba. Total length 4.35 mm. Male: Unknown. Hosts. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♀: Cuba, Pinares de Mayari, La Mensura, Holgüin, 6.vi.1990, L. F. Armas, 640 m snm (IES).

80 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Phytocoris armasi Hernández and Stonedahl (Figs. 59, 233-235) Phytocoris armasi Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 62 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 59). This species runs to P. breviusculus Reuter in Knight’s (1941) treatment of eastern North American Phytocoris. Although the two species are superficially similar, P. armasi is easily distinguished by the pale first antennal segment with a dark brown apical band and a spot on the dorsal surface; the dark brown scutellum with the apical third uniformly pale; and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 233-235), especially the left paramere excavated on the outer apical surface (Fig. 233) and the vesica with a long, bifurcate sclerite at the apex of the primary membranous sac of the vesica (Fig. 235). Total length 3.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, 1 Km Imias, Holgüin, 2.ii.1990, L.F.Armas, a la luz, 150 m (IES). Paratypes: 7 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀, same data as for holotype; 4 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀, Loma de la Bandera, Pinares de Marayi, Holgüin, 2.ii.1990, L. F. Armas-V. Becker, charracal, a la luz, 350 m (BMNH, IES, USNM). Phytocoris banderae Hernández and Stonedahl (Figs. 60, 236-238) Phytocoris banderae Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 63 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 60). This species keys to P. parvus Knight in Knight (1941) but differs by the longer, paler, simple setae on the dorsum; the broadly darkened, mediolateral area on the pronotal disc; fuscous inner margin of corium; and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 236-238). Total length 4.20 mm. Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Type specimen examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Loma de la Bandera, Holgüin, 13.vi.1990, L.F. Armas-Becker, charrascal, a la luz, 400 m (IES).

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Phytocoris cubensis Hernández and Stonedahl (Figs. 61, 239-241) Phytocoris cubensis Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 63 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 61). Similar to P. banderae and P. iani, but distinguished by the shorter first antennal segment with the ventral surface mostly fuscous (see couplet 7 in key) and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 239-241). Total length 4.20-4.50. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Pinares de Mayari, Playa Sabina, Holgüin, 8.viii.1990, L.F.Armas-V. Becker, a la luz (IES). Paratypes: 1♀, same data as for holotype; 1 ♂, Herradura, 2-201932, Bruner-Otero (BMNH). Phytocoris iani Hernández and Stonedahl (Figs. 62, 242, 243) Phytocoris iani Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 65 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: This species is similar to Phytocoris banderae in external appearance, but may be distinguished by the shape of the apex of the left paramere and the teeth on the membranous lobe of the vesica (Figs. 242, 243). Total length 3.80-4.02 mm. Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Loma de la Bandera, Mayari, Holgüin, 12.vi.1990, L. F.Armas-V.Becker, a la luz, charrascal, 400 m (IES). Paratype: 1 ♂, Camagüey, 15.vii.1923, J. Acuña (IES). Phytocoris imias Hernández and Stonedahl (Fig. 63) Phytocoris imias Henrnández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 66 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 63). This species keys to Knight’s (1941) group IV in having the length of antennal segment I greater than the width of the head across the eyes and the more nearly pale coloration (rather than dark brown or black), but may be distinguished by the silky, bright patches of setae on the hemelytra, intermixed with erect brown setae, and the general greenish coloration. Total length 5.85 mm.

82 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Male: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♀: Cuba, 3 Km, Imias, Guantánamo, 16.vii.1990, L.F. Armas, a la luz (IES). Phytocoris maestrensis Hernández and Stonedahl (Fig. 64) Phytocoris maestrensis Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 66 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 64). This species is externally similar to species in Knight’s (1941) group III (e.g., P. conspersipes Reuter, P. diversus Knight, P. pinicola Knight and, particularly, P. angustifrons Knight), but can be distinguished by reddish-brown first antennal segment with pale spots, second antennal segment with a pale annulus basally and medially, third antennal segment with a pale annulus basally and apically, and the more brown than red markings on hemelytron, especially on the apex of the cuneus. Total length, 3.71-4.20 mm. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♀: Cuba, La Siberia, Sierra Maestra, Santiago de Cubam 8.vi.1967, García-Zayas (IES). Paratypes: 2 ♀♀, same data as for holotype (BMNH, IES). Phytocoris similaris Hernández and Stonedahl (Figs. 65, 244-246) Phytocoris similaris Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 67 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 65). Similar to P. armasi, but distinguished by the slightly larger size, the reticulate markings on the first antennal segment, the dark brown scutellum with two subapical white spots, and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 244246). Total length 3.45-4.05 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Cupeyal, Yateras, Holgüin, without collector, vi.1971 (IES). Paratypes: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Pinares de Mayari, Playa Sabina, Holgüin, L.F.Armas-V.Becker, 3.vii.1990, a la luz; 8 ♂♂, Cayo Sabina, Pinares de Mayari, Holgüin, vii.1990, Luis F. Armas-V. Becker, a la luz, 645 m; 4 ♀♀, La Fa, Imias, Holgüin, vii.1990, L.F.Armas, a la luz; 1 ♀, Moa, Holgüin, 3-16.XI.1942, J. Acuña (BMNH, IES, USNM).

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Phytocoris turquinensis Hernández and Stonedahl (Figs. 66, 247-249) Phytocoris turquinensis Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a: 67 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 66). Distinguished from other Cuban Phytocoris by the bright green areas on pronotum, scutellum, corium, and cuneus; the hemelytral membrane without distinct dark spots; and the structure of male genitalia, especially the vesica with 8-10 large teeth arising from outer margin of the sclerotized process (Figs. 247-249). Total length 4.80 mm. Female: Similar to male in appearance. Hosts. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Pico turquino, Santiago de Cuba, 1-29.vi.1936, J. Acuña, at light, 3750 feet (IES). Paratypes: 2 ♀♀, same data as for holotype; 1 ♀, Pico Cuba, Turquino, x.1966, Garcia Broche (BMNH, IES).

Genus Polymerus Hahn Polymerus Hahn, 1831: 27. Type species: Polymerus holosericeus Hahn, 1831. Diagnosis. Elongate-oval, pubescent species, variable in coloration. Head oblique, short; eyes large, prominent, carina between them distinct. Hemelytra finely punctate, with scattered simple setae, thickly intermixed with erect and semierect, sericeous setae. Male elongate; female oval, more robust. Recognized by segment I of hind tarsus shorter than segment II; the collar length equal to thickness of antennal segment II; the linear antennal segments; and the body covered by yellow to silvery, silky or sericeus setae, mixed with fine, semierect setae. Polymerus is a large genus with approximately 94 described species (Schuh, 1995). Ferreira (1980) revised and keyed the Neotropical species. It is represented in Cuba by one species. Polymerus testaceipes (Stål) (Figs. 67, 68, 250-252) Deraeocoris testaceipes Stål, 1860: 50 (orig. descrip.). Polymerus cuneatus: Bruner et al., 1945: 11 (host), 127; Bruner et al., 1975 (host). Polymerus testaceipes: Carvalho, 1959: 240 (cat.); Maldonado, 1969: 48 (note); Alayo, 1974:10 (diag., hosts); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 358 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 138

84 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

(note); Carvalho, 1990b: 209 (descrip., syn.); Schuh, 1995: 933 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Polymerus basalis: Alayo, 1974: 10 (note); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (list); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list.) Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Figs. 67, 68).This species has two or more color forms, as described by Maldonado (1969) and Ferreira (1980). The dark form (Fig. 67) is generally black with yellowish areas laterally on the frons, and two spots on the vertex touching inner margin of eyes; the collar, base, and apex of antennal segment I, apex and 1/4 of segment II, and segment IV are black; the remaining segments I and II are testaceous; and the last segment of the labium is black; the apices of cuneus and cuneal fracture are yellowish; the legs are castaneous with dark brown spots; the bases of tibiae and last segment of tarsi are black; the tibial spines have brown basal spots; the apex of propleura and abdominal segments are yellowish; the genital capsule is brown; and the scutellum is yellowish to apex. The pale form (Fig. 68) is more brownish, having the head (especially the frons) and cuneus yellowish; the scutellum is predominately yellow with lateral margins brown; and the legs are overall reddish brown, with the hind femur usually entirely brown. Both color forms are clothed with yellowish silky or sericeous setae. Genitalia (Figs. 250-252). Total length 3.00-4.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Amaranthus dubius Mart. [Amaranthaceae]; Bidens pilosa L. [Asteraceae]; Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae]; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae]; Parthenium hysterophorus L. [Asteraceae]; Phaseolus sp. [Fabaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975). Specimens examined. Cuba, 38 specimens: El Abra, Sierra de Casas; Punta del Este (Isla de la Juventud). Hormiguera, Oct. (Cienfuegos). Península de Guanahacabibes; Pinar del Rio, Mar.; Sierra de Mesa; La Tumba; Soroa (Pinar del Rio). San Antonio de los Baños; Bauta; Bainoa; Alqüizar; Boca de Jaruco; Güines (Habana). El Laguito, Marianao; La Chata (Ciudad de la Habana). San Blas, Mar.; Valle del Yumuri (Matanzas). Junco, Escambray; Tres Palmas, Escambray; Manacal; Hanabanilla; Jibacoa; Topes de Collantes (Sancti Spiritus). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara). U.C.L.V. (Villa Clara). Toa; La Matazòn (Guantánamo). Pico Cuba; La Emajagua; La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba). Baracoa; Yateras (Holgüin). Bayamo (BMNH, HG, IES, ZMA). Discussion. Polymerus testaceipes, common in Cuba, is widespread in the Neotropics from Mexico to South America, the West Indies, and Florida in the United States. We regard the Cuban record of P. basalis (Reuter) reported by Alayo (1974) and listed by Maldonado (1986) and Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) a misidentification of P. testaceipes.

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Genus Proba Distant Proba Distant, 1884: 269. Type species: Proba gracilis Distant, 1884. Diagnosis. Dorsal surface shiny or polished. Head wider than long, slightly produced in front of antennae, and distinctly carinate between. Pronotum finely punctate. Hemelytra shiny, translucent or hyaline, glabrous or nearly so. This is a relatively large genus with 21 described species (Carvalho and Costa, 1988a; Schuh, 1995) widely distributed in the Neotropical Region. It is represented in Cuba by one species. We refer the “Dagbertus” sallei (Stål) listed by Alayo (1974) to Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber). Proba distanti (Atkinson) (Figs. 69, 253, 254) Lygus scutellatus Distant, 1884: 274 (orig. descrip.). Preoccupied. Lectotype and paralectotypes designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 806. Lygus distanti Atkinson, 1890: 91 (n. name). Proba distanti: Carvalho, 1959: 244 (cat.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 360 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 935 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 69).General coloration green to greenish brown. Head yellow; antennal segment I black, more elongate than remaining segments; II basally and apical 1/3 of segment III and IV black, remainder of segments yellow. Labium extending to abdominal segments. Pronotum with a distinct dark band extending across posterior margin of scutellum; scutellum greenish yellow. Hemelytron green; lateral margins of clavus, two rounded spots in the inner part of corium, and apex of cuneus dark brown. Femur yellow; tibiae yellow, sometimes brownish at apex. Genitalia (Figs. 253, 254). Total length 3.73-4.35 mm. Female: Similar to male in external appearance. Hosts. Accidental on grasses [Poaceae]. Type material examined. Lygus scutellatus Distant, lectotype ♀ (left-hand one of two carded specimens): Guatemala: S. Geronimo, Champion (BMNH). Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ (right-hand specimen on same card as lectotype), same data as for lectotype; 5 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀, 1 nymph, same data as for lectotype (BMNH, IES). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 7 specimens: Hoyo de Fania, Viñales (Pinar del Rio). Bauta (La Habana) (BMNH, IES). Discussion. Proba distanti is known from Florida to Colorado and Texas in the United States, southward to Panama, and the West Indies (Henry and Wheeler, 1988;

86 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Hernández an Stonedahl, 1997b). It was first reported from Cuba by Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b).

Genus Taylorilygus Leston, 1952 Taylorilygus Leston, 1952: 219. Type species: Lygus simonyi Reuter, 1903. Diagnosis. Similar to Dagbertus and Proba, but differs by uniformly yellowish or yellowishgreen coloration and shagreened surface. Antennal segment I is shorter than the head width and shorter than the height of eyes in lateral view; segment II is longer than the length of the head. Pronotum impunctate. Male genitalia (Figs. 255-257) with basal lobe of the left paramere well developed and the apex not bifurcate. This is a large, primarily Old World genus, with approximately 35 described species (Schuh, 1995) represented in the Western Hemisphere and Cuba by only one nearly cosmopolitan species. Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber) (Figs. 70, 255-257) Phytocoris pallidulus Blanchard, 1852: 183 (orig. descrip.). Preoccupied. Lygus apicalis Fieber, 1861: 275 (orig. descrip.). Lygus godmani Distant, 1893: 433 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 7; lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 798. Taylorilygus pallidulus: Carvalho, 1959: 265 (cat.) Maldonado, 1969: 51 (descrip., distr.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (distr.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 368 (cat.). Dagbertus sallei: Alayo, 1974: 12 (misident.). Proba sallei: Maldonado, 1986: 132 (misident.). Taylorilygus apicalis: Kerzhner, 1993: 99 (taxon. clarification); Schuh, 1995: 959 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 70).The characters given in the generic diagnosis distinguish this species from other Cuban Mirinae, especially the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 255-257). Total length 4.30 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Parthenium hysterophorus L. [Asteraceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 23 specimens: Nueva Gerona; Canama-País; La Victoria; El Abra (Isla de la Juventud). Camalote (Camagüey). Sierra de Mesa; Hoyo de Fania, Viñales; Bahia Honda; Peninsula de Guanahacabibes (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). Bauta; Laguna de Ariguanabo; San José; Sierra

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 87

de Jaruco, Sitio Perdido (La Habana). San Blas, Mar. (Matanzas). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara). Topes de Collantes; Hanabanilla, Escambray (Sancti Spiritus). Pelo Malo (Villa Clara). Toa (Guantánamo). Banes (Holgüin) (BMNH, HG, IES, ZMA). Type material examined. Lygus godmani Distant, lectotype ♂ (left one of two carded specimens): Mexico, Omilteme, Guerrero, 8000 ft, July, H. H. Smith. Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ (right-hand specimen on same card of lectotype), same data as for lectotype; 1 ♀, same data as for lectotype; 2 ♂♂, Orizaba, Dec. 1887, H.S. and F. D. G.; 1 ♂, Ataoyac, Veracruz, April, H. H. S.; 1 ♂ and 2♀, Yucumanatlan, Guerrero, 7000 ft, July, H. H. Smith; 1 ♂, Teapa, Tabasco, March, H. H. S. (BMNH). Discussion. This species, first recorded from Cuba by Maldonado (1986), is widespread in the West Indies, and common in Cuba. Records of Proba sallei (Stål) by Alayo (1974) and Maldonaldo (1986) refer to T. apicalis.

Genus Tropidosteptes Uhler Tropidosteptes Uhler, 1878: 404. Type species: Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler, 1878. Diagnosis. Species generally pale green, greenish red, black, or brown. Head vertical, short, frons punctate and often strongly transversely rugose; carina between eyes distinct. Pronotum trapeziform, strongly punctate; lateral margins rounded or carinate; collar prominent; calli smooth, area between calli and collar punctate. Hemelytra glabrous or pubescent. Ostiolar peritreme large. This is a large genus with 51 described species widely distributed in North, Central, and South America, with only one representative, T. oculatus (Reuter), previously known from Jamaica (Schuh, 1995). Carvalho (1986) provided a key to the Neotropical species; Knight (1941) keyed the eastern North American species. Only two species are known to occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Species of Tropidosteptes 1. –

Scutellum uniformly greenish brown; dorsum nearly glabrous, with only sparse, short setae; dorsal habitus (Fig. 71) .............................................. cubanus, n. sp. Scutellum creamy yellow, with lateral margins reddish brown; dorsum with semierect, silvery setae, intermixed with longer black setae, especially at base of clavus; dorsal habitus (Fig. 72)........................................................................... tumidus, n. sp.

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Tropidosteptes cubanus Hernández and Henry, New Species (Fig. 71) Tropidosteptes sp. A: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Distinguished by the oval body, general greenish-brown color, the labium extending to mesocoxa, and the distinctly punctate pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra, and propleura. Description. Female (n = 2): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 71). Macropterous; body oval or suboval; general coloration green to fuscous. Total length 3.90 mm. Head: Length 1.60-1.90 mm; width across eyes 1.05 mm; two times wider than long; frons somewhat truncate in dorsal view; vertex coarsely punctate, carinate basally, width of vertex 0.60 mm; clypeus dark brown; mandibular and maxillar plates elevated. Labium: Extending to mesocoxa. Antenna: Segment I yellow, length (n = 1) 0.43 mm; remaining segments missing. Thorax. Pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra, and propleura distinctly punctate. Pronotum: Length 0.75-0.90 mm; width 1.65-1.80 mm; anterior and posterior margins slightly emarginate; humeral angles rounded and slightly concave near humeral angles. Scutellum: Shorter than claval commissure, brown, pale brown to apex. Membrane opaque. Venter: Abdominal segments dark brown, covered with short, erect, pale setae. Male: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Etymology. Named for Cuba. Type material. Holotype ♀: [label 1] “Pico Turquino [Santiago de Cuba] , Cuba, Julio 20 de 1922, Col. S. C. Bruner & C. H. Ballou, Alt. 5000 pies”; [label 2] “E. E. A. Cuba, Ento. No. 10068”; [label 3, red, here added] “Holotype ♀: Tropidosteptes cubanus Hernández and Henry” (IES). Paratype: ♀ [head & pronotum missing], same data as for holotype, in addition to “summit” written on top (IES). Discussion. Because of the limited availability of material at this time, we feel that describing this new species based only on females better serves to improve our understanding of the Cuban fauna, rather than waiting until additional material can be studied. Tropidosteptes tumidus Hernández and Henry, New Species (Fig. 72) Diagnosis. Recognized by characters in the preceding generic key, especially the general greenish-brown coloration with brownish-red embolium and scutellum, and the coarsely punctate pronotum.

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Description. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 72). Macropterous; total length 2.55 mm; body covered with semierect, silvery setae, intermixed with long, erect, black setae, especially at base of clavus. Head: Length 0.30 mm, width 0.75 mm, width of vertex 0.24 mm; pale brown, two times wider than long; vertex striate and finely punctate; mandibular plates elevated; eyes red, occupying entire height of head in lateral view. Labium: Brown. Antenna: Segment I short, thicker than segment II, with brown annuli basally and apically, remainder of segment yellow, length 0.22 mm; II three times longer than I, dark brown basally, and black apically, length 0.75 mm; III and IV missing. Thorax. Pronotum: Length 0.67 mm; width 1.80 mm; greenish brown; lateral margins parallel-sided; humeral angles rounded; posterior margin creamy; calli conspicuously black; collar brown; pronotum strongly punctate. Scutellum: Weakly elevated mesally; creamy, reddish brown on lateral margins. Hemelytron: Brownish green; punctate; apex of corium black; embolium and cuneus reddish; apex of cuneus creamy. Legs: Coxa, trochanter, and femur (except apex of metafemur) yellow, remainder of legs brown. Male: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Etymology. Named for the slightly tumid or swollen scutellum. Type material. Holotype ♀: [label 1] “Sierra de Rosario, Pinar de Rio, Cuba, El Salòn, 9-IX-1994, I. Fdez (T. Luz)”; [label 2, red, here added] “Holotype ♀: Tropidosteptes tumidus Hernández and Henry” (IES). Discussion. This small, round species, with a slightly swollen scutellum, bears some resemblance to members of the North American genus Neoborella Knight. Other characters, however, such as the head shape, strongly punctate pronotum with impunctate, shiny calli, group it more closely with Tropidosteptes. Based on study of the various species now included in the genus, particularly many of those from the Neotropics, it is clear that Tropidosteptes is need of revision.

Tribe Restheniini Reuter Diagnosis. Restheniines are distinguished from other Cuban Mirinae by the strongly convex, rounded collar on anterior portion of pronotum, clearly visible laterally, and a greatly reduced metathoracic evaporative area system, with the dorsal margin of evaporative area situated below ventral margin of mesepimeron (Schwartz, 1987). Members of this tribe are also aposematically colored red, orange, or yellow and black, and the dorsum bears apically clavate, apparently glandular dorsal setae. The Restheniini form a New World group of 17 genera (Schuh, 1995), represented in Cuba by only one genus.

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Genus Prepops Reuter Resthenia (Prepops) Reuter, 1905: 15. Type species: Resthenia frontalis Reuter, 1905. Diagnosis. Species generally black, mixed with orange, yellow or red. Male genitalia with a strongly developed left paramere and the vesica with large, spiny, membranous lobes, sometimes having strongly sclerotized processes. This is a large New World genus with approximately 215 described species (Schuh, 1995), most occurring in the Neotropical Region. It is represented in Cuba by seven species. Discussion. Zayas (1988) reported P. rubrovittatus (Stål) from Cuba, but until his specimens can be examined, we consider this record a misidentification of another species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Prepops 1. –

Pronotum mostly red, with or without black markings or spots ......................... 2 Pronotum mostly black, with yellow, orange, red, or pink markings either on the disc or on lateral margins ....................................................................................6

2. –

Pronotum with a black spot behind each callus; total length about 7.00 mm ......3 Pronotum without a black spot behind each callus; total length 4.00-6.00 mm...4

3.

Genital capsule with an indication of a short left prong and median distal lobe curved upward; left paramere (Fig. 265) with sensorial lobe strongly expanded and shaft emarginate on ventral margin; right paramere (Fig. 266) acute apically; vesica (Fig. 267) with a long, thin, membranous lobe; dorsal habitus (Fig. 76)................ ........................................................................... cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner Genital capsule without an indication of a short left prong and median distal lobe pronounced but not curved upward; left paramere (Fig. 268) with sensorial lobe not strongly expanded and shaft not emarginate on ventral margin; right margin (Fig. 269) slightly blunt apically; vesica (Fig. 270); dorsal habitus (Fig. 77) ........... .....................................................................................................latipennis (Stål)

–

4.

–

Pronotum with black stripes from calli to humeral angles running through lateral margins; left paramere (Fig. 277) with sensorial lobe weakly developed and shaft triangular; right paramere (Fig. 278), small, strongly pointed apically; vesica (Fig. 279) without sclerotized process; dorsal habitus (Fig. 79) ......santiagoensis, n. sp. Pronotum completely red; left paramere with sensorial lobe strongly developed; right paramere not strongly pointed apically; vesica with sclerotized process........5

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 91

5. –

6. –

Vesica with margin of sclerotized process straight (Figs. 260, 261); femora fuscous to black; total length about 6.5 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 73) ... atripennis (Reuter) Vesica with margin of sclerotized process curved and an extra sclerotized process near gonopore (Fig. 276); femora red; total length 4.30-4.40 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 74) ..............................................................................candelariensis, n. sp. Vertex black; collar and lateral margins of pronotum pinkish yellow; scutellum and cuneus black; left paramere with a very long sensorial lobe (Fig. 271); vesica (Fig. 273); dorsal habitus (Fig. 78) .............................maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes Vertex pinkish brown; collar (mesally) and area between calli continuing through middle to posterior angles of pronotum and scutellum yellowish orange; cuneus orange; left paramere with a short sensorial lobe (Fig. 262); vesica (Fig. 264); dorsal habitus (Fig. 75)...........................................................................cruciferus (Berg) Prepops atripennis (Reuter) (Figs. 73, 258-261)

Resthenia atripennis Reuter, 1876: 65 (orig. descrip.). Prepops atripennis: Carvalho, 1959: 332 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 376 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 986 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Platytylellus atripennis: Alayo, 1974: 14 (diag.); Zayas, 1988: 141 (note). Diagnosis. Male: Distinguished by characters given in the preceding key to species, especially the red color of head, pronotum, and scutellum, and the structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 258-261). Alayo (1974) indicated that tarsal segment I of the hind leg is two times longer than segment II. Total length 6.50 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 73). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. Cuba, 14 specimens: Maisi (Guantánamo). Jagua (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES). Prepops candelariensis Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 74, 274-276) Diagnosis. Similar to P. atripennis (Reuter) but differs in the smaller size, red femora, and the structure of the male genitalia, especially sclerotized process of the vesica with a curved margin and an additional heavily sclerotized process near the gonopore. Description. Male (n = 2): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 74). Macropterous; total length 4.40 mm. Head, pronotum, scutellum, femora, and abdomen red ventrally, remainder of body

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black. Head: Length 4.30-4.50 mm; width across eyes 0.80 mm; width of vertex 0.60 mm; head brownish red. Antenna: Segment I red, black apically, length 0.50-0.60 mm; II black, slightly more thickened than remaining segments, length 1.60-1.50 mm; III and IV thin, black, length of segment III 1.25-1.35 mm, length of segment IV 0.75 mm. Labium: Extending to first abdominal segment; segment I red, remaining segments black. Thorax: Pronotum: Length 0.80 mm; posterior width 1.50-1.60 mm; subquadrangular, anterior margin slightly emarginate; posterior margin concave; humeral angles rounded; collar two times wider than width of antennal segment I. Scutellum as long as claval commisure, length 0.60 mm. Hemelytron: Costal margin straight (hemelytra parallel-sided), covered by short, erect, yellow setae. Legs: Clothed with short, erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 274-276). Female (n = 1): Similar to male in general appearance. Total length 4.40 mm. Head: Length 0.40 mm; width across eyes 0.85 mm; width of vertex 0.95 mm. Antenna: I, length 0.55 mm; II, 1.50 mm; III, 1.20 mm; IV, 0.65 mm. Thorax: Pronotum: Length 0.85 mm; posterior width of pronotum 1.85 mm. Scutellum: Length 0.65 mm. Host. Unknown. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Candelaria, Cuba. Type specimens. Holotype ♂: Cuba (specimen of top two specimens mounted on same pin): [label 1] “Presa Gramal, vii.1976, Villa Clara, H. Grillo”; [label 2] “6 Dibujo Ej. 2”; [label 3], “Platytylellus sp. Det. H. Grillo 197”; [label 4, red, here added] “Holotype ♂: Prepops candelariensis Hernández and Henry” (IES). Paratypes: 1 ♀ (same pin as holotype), same data as for holotype; 1 ♂, Candelaria, Pinar del Rio, viii.13-36, J. (IES). Prepops cruciferus (Berg) (Figs. 75, 262-264) Resthenia crucifera Berg, 1878: 274 (orig. descrip.). Lopus militaris Uhler, 1894: 190 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho and Fontes, 1971: 120; synonymy confirmed and lectotype designated by Henry, 1990: 15. Prepops crucifer: Steyskal, 1973: 208 (etymol.). Prepops cruciferus: Henry, 1990: 15 (revised synonymy, distr.); Schuh, 1995: 989 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: General coloration dull black to brownish black; vertex, collar mesally, a wide line between calli continuing through the middle of pronotum, scutellum, and cuneus yellowish orange. Segment I of labium yellow; II yellow on inner surface, outer surface and III brown; IV black. Antennal segments black. Genitalia (Figs. 262-264). Total length 6.15 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 75). Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. In Florida, this species has been collected on Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton [Aquifoliaceae], Ludwigia octovalvis (Jarq.) Raven, and L. peruvianus (L.) H. Hara [Onagraceae] (Henry, 1990).

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Type specimen examined. Lopus militaris Uhler, lectotype ♂: Grenada, La Force Est., (Windward side), W. I., H. H. Smith (BMNH). Other specimen examined. Cuba, 1 ♀: Habana (La Habana) (IES). Discussion. We have examined a female from Cuba that possesses yellowish-orange abdominal segments intermixed with black. Prepops cruciferus has been recorded from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Grenada, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and the United States (Florida) (Henry, 1990; Schuh, 1995). Prepops cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner (Figs. 76, 265-267) Prepops cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner, 1974: 625 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 989 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 76). General coloration black with pronotum, including collar, reddish orange, and head pale orange, with clypeus and two parallel bars on frons black. Antennae and eyes black. First labial segment pale orange, remaining segments black. Abdomen reddish orange. Legs black, with basal half of middle femur and basal two thirds of hind femur pale orange. Genitalia (Figs. 265-267); genital capsule pale orange with infuscated areas. Total length 7.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Havana, Cuba, Baker (USNM). Prepops latipennis (Stål) (Figs. 77, 268-270) Resthenia latipennis Stål, 1862b: 318 (orig. descrip.). Resthenia pannosa Distant, 1893: 425 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 12; lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 804. Prepops latipennis: Carvalho, 1959: 338 (cat.); Carvalho and Fontes, 1970: 375 (descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Schuh, 1995: 992 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Opistheuria latipennis: Bruner et al., 1945: 152 (host); Alayo, 1974: 13 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 286 (host); Zayas, 1988: 141 (note). Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the characters given in the preceding key to species, especially by the red color of the head and pronotum, the distinct black spot on the pronotal disc, the black scutellum, and the structure of the male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 268)

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with a long, weakly developed sensorial lobe, the apically blunt right paramere (Fig. 269), and the vesica (Fig. 270) with three distinct sclerotized processes. Total length 7.00 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 77). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on castorbean, Ricinus communis L. [Euphorbiaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975; Zayas, 1989). Type material examined. Resthenia pannosa Distant, lectotype ♀: Orizaba, Dec. 1887, H.H. Y F.D.G. (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 39 specimens: G. S. Bolivar, Guane (Pinar del Rio). San Antonio de los Baños (Habana). Rio Almendares; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Hoyo del Cardero (Matanzas). Camagüey. Mapas (Sancti Spiritus). Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). Corralillo (Santiago de Cuba). Baracoa (Holgüin) (BMNH, HG, IES). Prepops maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes (Figs. 78, 271-273) Prepops maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes, 1973: 543 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1991: 122 (note); Schuh, 1995: 993 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Prepops circummaculatus: Alayo, 1974: 14 (diag.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Schuh, 1995: 988 (cat.). Misidentification. Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 78). Male: Distinguished by the characters given in the preceding key to species and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 271-273), especially long left paramere (Fig. 271) and vesica (Fig. 273) with a distinct sclerotized process. Base of head, collar, lateral margins of pronotum and between calli, propleura (except apex), segment I of labium, and first abdominal segments yellowish black; remainder of the body black. Total length 6.15 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined.We were unable to find the holotype of P. maldonadoi in the USNM collection, even though Carvalho and Fontes (1973) indicated it was to be deposited there. Other specimens examined. Cuba, 5 specimens: Finca La Barca (Habana). Jibero (Sancti Spiritus). Jibacoa; Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). EPICA Florida (Camagüey) (HG, IES). We also have studied 3 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ from Puerto Rico, determined by J. Maldonado as P. maldonadoi (USNM). Discussion. Alayo (1974) and Maldonado (1986) recorded this species from Cuba and (Maldonado, 1991) incorrectedly reported it as P. circummaculatus (Stål) from the Dominican Republic. Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first confirmed report of P. maldonadoi from Cuba.

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Prepops santiagoensis Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 79, 277-279) Diagnosis. Similar to Prepops atripennis and P. candelariensis, but differs by the red pronotum, with two black stripes near lateral margins, and the structure of male genitalia, especially the triangular shaft of left paramere, the apically acute right paramere, and the vesica lacking a sclerotized process. Description. Male (Holotype): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 79). Macropterous; total length 5.70 mm. General coloration black; head, pronotum anteriorly, abdomen, scutellum, hemelytra, and tibiae red; femur and coxa slightly fuscous. Head: Total length 0.45 mm; width across eyes 0.85 mm; width of vertex 0.50 mm; head two times wider than long. Antenna: Missing. Labium: Extending to metacoxa, length 1.75 mm. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length 0.80 mm; posterior width 1.70 mm; subquadrangular, anterior margin weakly concave, posterior margin emarginate mesally; calli depressed; collar concave mesally and expanded near anterior angles; covered by short, erect setae. Scutellum: Length subequal to length of claval commissure, slightly depressed on the disc. Hemelytron. Black, covered with short setae; cuneus two times longer than wide, length 0.70 mm. Legs: Slender, set with short, erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 277-279). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba. Type specimens. Holotype ♂: Cuba, [label 1] “Santiago de las Vegas, Habana, 15.viii.1935, A. R. Otero”; [label 2] “5, dibujo”; [label 3] “Prepops sp 2, L. M. Hdez 1994”; [label 4, red label here added] “Holotype Prepops santiaguensis Hernández and Henry” (IES). Discussion. Although this species is described from a single specimen, it is easily distinguished from other species of Prepops in Cuba by the two lateral black stripes on the red pronotum and the structure of the male genitalia.

Tribe Stenodemini China Diagnosis. Elongate species. Head porrect; frons with a distinct median sulcus. Pronotum and hemelytra parallel-sided; pronotum with lateral margins usually carinate; collar flattened with an obsolete posterior margin. Coxal cleft always bridged by lateral margin of pronotum. Male genitalia with vesica having a narrow ductus seminis and small secondary gonopore (Schwartz, 1987, 2008). This tribe comprises about 35 genera and approximately 210 described species worldwide (Schwartz, 2008). Schwartz (2008) revised and provided a phylogenetic analysis of the stenodemine genera of the world. Most, if not all, species specialize on grasses (Schuh and Slater, 1995; Wheeler, 2001). Four genera occur in Cuba.

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Key to the Cuban Genera of Stenodemini (Modified from Schwartz, 1987) 1.

–

2. – 3.

–

Posterior margin of eye removed from pronotal collar by a distance equal to or greater than dorsal width of eye; head with neck; pronotum with two black spots near humeral angles; hind femur with dark brown spots; dorsal habitus (Fig. 80).. .............................................................................................. Collaria Provancher Posterior margin of eye in contact with collar or, at most, removed from collar by a distance equal to less than dorsal width of eye; head without neck; pronotum without black spots; hind femur without dark brown spots .................................2 Antennal segment I with short, sparse, almost bristlelike pubescence much shorter than half the width of the segment; total length of species under 4.00 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 83)....................................................................... Trigonotylus Fieber Antennal segments I and II with longer, more dense setae; total length of species longer than 4.00 mm ......................................................................................... 3 Medium to large species (6.5-10.20 mm); green, stramineous, or sometimes having reddish appendages; antennal segment I thickly pubescent, with short, suberect, pale setae subequal to width of segment II; frons and vertex impunctate; head with a reddish lateral stripe along margin of each eye and extending to the mesopleura; dorsal habitus (Fig. 81) .......................................................... Dolichomiris Reuter Small to medium species (3.90-6.70 mm); black or reddish with contrasting paler embolium; antennal segment I weakly pubescent, with more sparsely scattered setae shorter than diameter of segment II; frons and vertex distinctly punctate; head without reddish lateral stripes; dorsal habitus (Fig. 82) .......................................... .................................................................... Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes

Genus Collaria Provancher Collaria Provancher, 1872: 79. Type species: Collaria meilleurii Provancher, 1872. Diagnosis. Species elongate, mostly glabrous. Antennae long and slender; length of segment I similar to width of head across eyes; segment II more than three times longer than segment I. Vertex sulcate. Eyes located at the middle of head, set apart from the anterior margin of pronotum by a distance of approximately the diameter of one eye in dorsal view. Labium extending to metacoxa. Pronotum strongly punctured, slightly narrow behind calli; posterior angles rounded. Hemelytra weakly glabrous, finely punctate. Legs long, covered with variable pubescence (Carvalho and Fontes, 1981).

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This is a small genus with 15 described species (Schuh, 1995; Schwartz, 2008). Carvalho and Fontes (1981) provided a key to the Neotropical species. Only one species is known from Cuba. Collaria oleosa (Distant) (Figs. 80, 280-283) Trachelomiris oleosus Distant, 1883: 283 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 803. Collaria explicata Uhler, 1887: 230 (orig. descrip.); Zayas, 1988: 140 (note, diag.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1955b: 222. Collaria oleosa: Carvalho, 1959: 285 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 12 (diag., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 383 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 40 (note); Schuh, 1995: 1007 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Collaria sp.: Bruner et al., 1945: 68 (host); 1975: 128 (host). Collaria husseyi: Schuh, 1995: 1006 (Cuba, in error); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (Cuba, in error). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 80). Male: General coloration fusco-testaceous, mottled with pale and black areas. Head with transverse stripes at level of posterior eye margins; collar fuscous-ochraceous, with two longitudinal fuscous stripes laterally; eyes brown; clypeus (except base), mandibular and maxillary plates, except central pale spot, black; antennal segments castaneous, with relatively short, semierect setae subequal to or shorter than diameter of segments, segment I ochraceus with a subbasal annulus and small spots on outer surface black; labium extending to metacoxae, segment IV black. Pronotum yellowish brown to dark brown, with two distinct black spots on humeral angles. Hind tibia with numerous long, erect setae much longer than diameter of segment. Genitalia (Figs. 280-283): Field of spines on vesical membrane curled or C-shaped. Total length 5.30-6.10 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Andropogon spp. [Poaceae], Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. [Poaceae], Eriochloa polystachya H.B. & K. [Poaceae], Panicum sp. [Poeaceae], and Oryza sativa Hochst. & Steud. [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo 1974; Bruner et al., 1975). In Brazil, this species is a potential pest of small grains, such as rice, barley, oats, and forage grasses, and other grasses, such as Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., B. brizantha Stapf. cv. ‘marandu’ [Poaceae], and Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Silva et al., 1994). Schuh (1995) listed Digitaria decumbens Stent, Panicum muticum Forssk., and Setaria setosa Beauverd [Poaceae] as hosts. Type material examined. Trachelomiris oleosa Distant, lectotype ♀ (middle one of three carded specimens): Panamá, Bubaga, Champion (BMNH). Paralectotypes; 2 ♀♀ (the right and left specimen of the lectotype), same data as for lectotype; 1♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as for lectotype; 2 ♀♀, Guatemala, Guatemala City, 5000 ft, Champion, BCA

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Hem. I. Collaria oleosa (BMNH). Collaria explicata, syntypes 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀: “Cuba, P. R. Uhler collection” (USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 46 specimens: Isla de la Juventud. La Caridad, Soroa; Pica Pica, Sumidero; Sierra de Rangel; Cayo Caridad; Cayo Garcia; Mogote de Viñales (Pinar del Rio). Artemisa; Alqüizar (Habana). Agramonte; Torriente (Matanzas). Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). Cayo Sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin). Meseta del Guaso (Guantánamo). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara). Turquino (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES, ZMA). Discussion. Schuh (1995) erroneously listed C. husseyi as described from Cuba, an error repeated by Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b). Carvalho (1955b) clearly noted that Uhler’s (1887) description of C. explicata from Cuba was identical to C. oleosa (Distant) and, thus, considered it a junior synonym. He also clarified that the E. explicata reported by him (Carvalho, 1945c: 180) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, was based on a misidentification and material in that study (five females) actually represented a new species. He, therefore, provided the new name C. husseyi for this Brazilian species. As a consequence, we remove C. husseyi from the list of Cuban Miridae.

Genus Dolichomiris Reuter Dolichomiris Reuter, 1882: 29. Type species: Dolichomiris linearis Reuter, 1882. Diagnosis. Head horizontal; clypeus large and visible from above; vertex sulcate between eyes; posterior margin of eyes touching pronotum. Antenna very long; segments I and II with long, fine, erect setae at least as long as half the width of the segments; segment II almost two times longer than remaining segments. Pronotum elongate, horizontal, smooth or finely punctate; lateral margins carinate; calli flat; collar depressed and weakly marked with black. Scutellum flat, smooth, or finely punctate. Hemelytra weakly rugose. This is a small genus with 11 described species (Schuh, 1995; Schwartz, 2008). Eyles and Carvalho (1975) revised the genus and provided a key to species; Schwartz (2008) redescribed the genus and studied its phylogenetic position. Dolichomiris is represented in Cuba by one species. Dolichomiris linearis Reuter (Figs. 81, 284-286) Dolichomiris linearis Reuter, 1882: 29 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho,1959: 99 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 12 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 4340 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (distr., host); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 383 (cat.); Schuh, 1995:1008 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).

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Eioneus bilineatus Distant, 1893: 416 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Reuter, 1909a: 5; lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 794. Dolichomiris gutticornis Blatchley, 1926: 674 (orig. descript.); Bruner et al., 1945: 183 (host); Zayas, 1988: 140 (note, diag.). Synonymized by Knight, 1927: 98. Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 81). Male: General coloration pale brown with longitudinal reddish stripes on the head and extending onto the pronotum, two on each side of eyes and one through middle of scutellum. Head elongate, clypeus distinctly produced in dorsal view; eyes reddish, touching anterior angles of pronotum. Antennal segment I distinctly pilose, with brownish-red spots, bases of antennal sockets reddish. Scutellum large; mesoscutellum exposed, reddish around base of the pale stripes. Propleura with a red line continuing onto abdomen. Hind femur reddish brown. Genitalia (Figs. 284286). Total length 7.00-9.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubb. [Poaceae] (Alayo, 1974) and Tricholaena rosea Nees [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975). Type material examined. Eioneus bilineatus Distant, lectotype ♂: Mexico, Teapa, Tabasco, March, H. H. Smith (BMNH). Paralectotypes: 1 ♀, Honduras, Senahu, Ver Paz, Champion; 1 ♂, Rudtan I, Guamer (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 33 specimens: Cerro San Pedro; Santa Fe (Isla de la Juventud). Pinares de Viñales; Sierra de Rangel (Pinar del Rio). Bauta; San Cayetano, Jibacoa (Habana). Santiago de las Vegas; Calabazar; Mariano (Ciudad de la Habana). Benavides; Pan de Matanzas (Matanzas). Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara) (BMNH, HG, IES). Discussion. Dolichomiris linearis is a common grass-feeding species in Cuba.

Genus Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes, 1969: 332. Type species: Neotropicomiris pilosus Carvalho and Fontes, 1969. Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished by the shiny dorsal surface, the long labium extending to the metacoxae or onto the venter, the slightly projecting posteroventral portion of the male genital capsule, and a vesica lacking spicules. This is a small genus with only five species distributed in Central and South America. Carvalho and Fontes (1969) provided a key to the previously known species; one new species from Cuba is described below.

100 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Neotropicomiris moaensis Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 82, 287-289) Neotropicomiris sp.: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Similar to N. pilosus Carvalho and Ferreira and N. longirostris Carvalho and Ferreira (Carvalho and Fontes, 1969) in lacking apical metafemoral punctures and possessing a general yellowish coloration with a paler embolium, but can be distinguished by the two brown bands running from the postocular region and lateral margins of pronotum to the clavus, and the structure of male genitalia. Description. Male (holotype): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 82). Macropterous; total length 3.45 mm; general coloration brownish yellow, with two dark brown bands on lateral margins of head and pronotum; clavus, tarsi, and labial segment IV brown; body punctured dorsally. Head: Length 0.45 mm, width across eyes 0.48 mm, width of vertex 0.30 mm; slightly wider than long, vertex sulcate, clypeus distinctly produced, junction with frons depressed, maxillar and mandibular plates weakly elevated, postocular area yellowish brown, punctate. Labium: Extending to metacoxa. Antenna: Missing. Thorax: Pronotum: Length 0.58 mm; humeral width 0.60 mm, pronotum 1.5 times wider than long, anterior and posterior margins straight, lateral margin parallel-sided, calli depressed, posterior lobe elevated, humeral angles rounded. Mesoscutum: Exposed, brown. Scutellum: Punctate, yellow apically. Hemelytron: Emboliar margin parallel-sided, yellow, strongly punctate; clavus and inner part of corium dark brown; cuneus three times longer than wide; membrane yellow. Legs: Brownish yellow; femora and tibiae covered by short, semierect setae. Venter: Meso- and metapleura brownish red; abdominal segments pale brown. Genitalia (Figs. 287-289). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Moa, Oriente, Cuba. Type specimen. Holotype ♂: Cuba, [label 1] “Moa, Oriente, 3-16.xi.1945, J. Acuña”; [label 2] “Stenodemini Stonedahl 1995”; [label 3] “Neotropicomiris sp. M. D. Schwartz 1996”; [label 4, red label here added] “Holotype ♂: Neotropicomiris moaensis Hernández and Henry”(IES). Discussion. Although N. moaensis is described from only a single specimen, the characters given in the preceding description easily distinguish it from other species of Neotropicomiris, especially the structure of the male genitalia.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 101

Genus Trigonotylus Fieber Trigonotylus Fieber, 1858: 302. Type species: Miris ruficornis Fallén, 1807, a junior synonym of Cimex ruficornis Geoffroy, 1785. Diagnosis. Head horizontal, clypeus large and distinct in dorsal view, frons usually prolonged over base of clypeus, vertex sulcate mesally, eyes touching anterior margins of pronotum. Antennal segments long, length of segment I less than length of head and pronotum combined, without black bristlelike setae. Pronotum depressed laterally, collar depressed and weakly marked, lateral margins carinate. Scutellum flat, smooth. Hemelytron glabrous, smooth; cuneus distinctly longer than wide. This large genus with approximately 32 described species (Schuh, 1995) is represented in Cuba by one species. Trigonotylus tenuis Reuter (Figs. 83, 290-294) Trigonotylus ruficornis tenuis Reuter, 1893: 208 (orig. descrip.). Megaloceroea dohertyi Distant, 1904d: 425. Synonymized and lectotype designated by Eyles, 1975: 162. Megaloceroea doddi Distant, 1904c: 269 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1959: 293 (cat.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 390 (cat.). Synonymized by Golub, 1989: 157; lectotype designated by Eyles, 1975: 162. Trigonotylus brevipes: Bruner et al., 1945: 64 (host); 1975: 121 (host). Trigonotylus dohertyi: Carvalho, 1956: 72 (descrip., distr.); Alayo, 1974: 13 (diag., host); Zayas, 1988: 141. Trigonotylus doddi: Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note, host). Trigonotylus tenuis: Golub, 1989: 157 (revision); Wheeler and Henry, 1992: 103 (distr., hosts); Schuh, 1995: 1035 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 83). Male: Small; general coloration green, fading to stramineus. Antenna long, slender; segment II slightly longer than III and about three times as long as I, suffused with pink. Pronotum and scutellum with a pale median stripe, bordered by pale brown or red stripes on each side; pronotum with additional fainter brown or red stripes between the median stripes and lateral margin. Hemelytron with cuneus three times longer than wide. Genitalia (Figs. 290-294). Total length 4.00-5.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. [Poaceae] and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975; Wheeler and Henry, 1992).

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Type material examined. Megaloceroea dohertyi Distant, lectotype ♂ (without abdomen): Burma, Tenass. Vall., Doherty, Distant coll. 1911-383 (BMNH). Megaloceroea doddi Distant: Lectotype ♂: Australia, Townsville, Queensland, 3.2.03, F. P. Dodd (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 92 specimens: Cayo Piedra (Isla de la Juventud). Cayo J. Garcia; Sierra Rangel (Pinar del Rio). La Mayarie, June (Holguín). Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Península Hicacos (Matanzas). Guane, Jul.; Pinar del Rio, May (Pinar del Rio). P. Tarafa (Camagüey). Cayo Coco (Ciego de Avila). Playa Ancòn (S. Spiritus). Loma de la Bandera (Holgüin) (IES, ZMA). Discussion. Maldonado (1986) noted that T. tenuis often co-occurs with D. linearis on grasses.

Subfamily Orthotylinae Van Duzee Diagnosis. Orthotylines can be distinguished by the complex male genitalia, the relatively large genital aperture, and the convergent parempodia between the claws that are similar to those found in pilophorine Phylinae (Figs. 7, 8). Schuh (1995) recognized only three tribes in this subfamily and suggested that further study is needed to assess the tribal classification. Schuh and Slater (1995), likewise, recognized only three tribes in this subfamily of about 220 genera. Subsequent studies, however, have supported at least two additional tribes, including the Austromirini (Cassis, 2008) and Ceratocapsini (e.g., Carvalho et al., 1983; Henry and Wheeler, 1988; Carvalho and Costa, 1997; Henry, 2000, 2008). Herein, we follow these studies, and recognize both tribes, of which only the Ceratocapsini occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Tribes of Orthotylinae 1.

–

2.

Small, usually black, compact species, with saltatorial hind femora; gena in lateral view equal to or greater than height of one eye; third antennal segment more slender than II; dorsum with patches of white, scalelike setae; male genitalia (Figs. 324-326), vesica with a primary spiculum bifurcate apically and a secondary spiculum acutely produced apically ..................................................................... Halticini Kirkaldy Medium-sized species, usually green or brownish yellow, sometimes tinged with red on hemelytra, hind femora never saltatorial; gena shorter than height of one eye; antennal segment III sometimes as thick or thicker than II; dorsal setae variable; male genitalia variable, vesica without a bifurcate spiculum .................................2 Head truncate posteriorly, with a distinct basal carina; species often ant mimetic but, if not, antennal segments III and IV as thick or thicker than antennal segment II; male parameres sickle-shaped to complex (e.g., Figs. 295, 299, 303, 304, 306,

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–

308); phallotheca readily visible within genital capsule when viewed caudally ....... ......................................................................................Ceratocapsini Van Duzee Head not truncate posteriorly, without a distinct basal carina; species not ant mimetic; antennal segments III and IV more slender than segment II; male parameres relatively simple (e.g., Figs. 327, 328, 332, 333); phallotheca not visible within genital capsule ....................................................................OrthotyliniVan Duzee

Tribe Ceratocapsini Van Duzee Diagnosis. Members of this tribe are recognized by their moderate to strongly antlike appearance, the posteriorly truncate head, the often distally thickened antennal segments, and the male genitalia, especially by the structure of the parameres and the protruding phallotheca visible caudally within the genital capsule. The generic limits of the nominate genus Ceratocapsus and related genera are in need of revision (Henry 1979, 2000, 2008). The tribe is represented in Cuba by two genera.

Key to Cuban Genera of Ceratocapsini 1. –

Strongly ant mimetic (Figs. 89, 90), abdomen strongly constricted at base; overall coloration yellowish brown, with a large yellow spot at the middle of the hemelytra ................................................................................................... Sericophanes Less strongly ant mimetic, abdomen never constricted at base; overall coloration variable, if yellowish brown, never with a large yellow spot at the middle of the hemelytra (Figs. 84-88) ......................................................................Ceratocapsus

Genus Ceratocapsus Reuter Ceratocapsus Reuter 1876: 87. Type species: Ceratocapsus lutescens Reuter, 1876. Designated by Kirkaldy 1906: 127. Diagnosis. Species parallel sided to often weakly constricted through middle. Head, pronotum, and scutellum punctate. Hemelytra weakly constricted laterally, clothed with simple setae, sometimes intermixed with sericeous or scalelike setae. Male parameres simple to complex; phallotheca truncate to apically acute, visible within genital capsule when viewed caudally. Cuban members of the genus can be divided into two groups. One possesses an ant-mimetic facies; weakly constricted hemelytra; apically thickened antennal segments; fields, bands, or patches of white scalelike setae; and complex male geni-

104 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

tal structures. The other group is distinguished by the overall more pale brown to brownish-orange coloration; the distinctly brown-stained punctures on the dorsum; the slender antennae, the somewhat hyaline, parallel-sided hemelytra; and the genitalia, with the apex of the phallotheca truncate and the parameres simple and unbranched. Females of the latter are often brachypterous with coleopteriform hemelytra. Six species occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Species of Ceratocapsus 1.

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2. –

3.

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4. –

Hemelytra opaque brown to dark brown, usually weakly constricted through middle, females always macropterous; antennal segments thickened, segments II to IV subequal to diameter of segment I; male genital capusule large, open, with complex parameres and an apically acute phallotheca ........................................................2 Hemelytra pale brown to brownish orange, with distinct brown-stained punctures, parallel sided, females often brachypterous; antennal segment slender, segments II to IV much more slender than segment I; male genital capsule small, parameres simple, sickle shaped, phallotheca apically truncate .............................................4 Pronotum dark brown; left paramere (Figs. 311, 312) bifurcate, right branch with a prominent subapical tooth; right paramere (Fig. 313) with mesal prong distinctly curved; dorsal habitus (Fig. 86) ....................... holguinensis Hernández and Henry Pronotum brownish yellow, sometimes suffused with fuscous on posterior lobe; left paramere bifid or elongate, without a tooth near middle; right paramere variable ......................................................................................................... 3 Hemelytra brown, slightly fuscous to apex of costal margin; cuneus fuscous; basal half and areoles of membrane whitish, apex dark brown or fuscous; left paramere (Figs. 306, 307) with an apical C-shaped process having a prominent subapical tooth; right paramere (Figs. 308, 309); dorsal habitus (Fig. 85) ............. cubanus Bergroth Hemelytra yellowish basally, dark brown to apex; cuneus dark brown; membrane uniformly translucent gray or brown; left paramere (Figs. 295, 296) distinctly bifid with main trunk hammer-shaped apically; right paramere (Figs. 298, 299) with two long, curved prongs; dorsal habitus (Figs. 84) .......... alayoi Hernández and Henry Vertex and frons densely brown punctured, especially near basal margin of head; antennal segments uniformly yellow; body suboval; male genitalia (Figs. 321-323); dorsal habitus (Fig. 88) ......................................stonedahli Hernández and Henry Vertex and frons without brown punctures; antennal segments yellowish brown, sometimes with segments III and IV brown; body elongate or oval; male genitalia not as above ........................................................................................................5

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 105

5.

–

General color dark brown; hemelytra dark brown with cuneus darker and embolium pale or whitish; left paramere (Fig. 303) curved and weakly blunt apically; right paramere (Fig. 304) with two projections at each angle, set with three long setae in dorsal view; vesica (Fig. 305) without sclerotized process; female macropterous .... ..............................................................................................avelinae Maldonado General color brownish yellow, tinged with pale red; hemelytra yellow with cuneus often reddish and embolium yellow; left paramere (Fig. 317) slender, pointed apically; right paramere (Fig. 318) with one projection at right angle; vesica (Fig. 319) with two sclerotized processes; female often brachypterous; male macropterous (Fig. 87) ................................................................................ punctulatus (Reuter) Ceratocapsus alayoi Hernández and Henry (Figs. 84, 295-301)

Ceratocapsus sp. A: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Ceratocapsus alayoi Hernández and Henry, 1999: 207 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Distinguished by the brownish-yellow general coloration; reddish tinge on the vertex; and structure of male genitalia, especially left paramere (Figs. 295, 296) with long, curved prongs, the left one truncate apically, and an additional short, serrate prong arising dorsomesally from main trunk; phallotheca (Fig. 297); right paramere (Figs. 298, 299); vesica (Fig. 300); genital capsule (Fig. 301). Total length 2.85 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 84). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Tortugilla, Guantánamo, vii.1975, L. B. Zayas (IES). Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as for holotype (IES). Ceratocapsus avelinae Maldonado (Figs. 302-305) Ceratocapsus avelinae Maldonado, 1986: 129 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 90 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list); Hernández and Henry, 1999: 208 (descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Similar to C. punctulatus in having an elongate, punctate body, but distinguished by the darker brown coloration, with the head slightly paler than the pronotum, the brownish-yellow antennal segments I and II, with the apices of segments II, III, and IV darker; the dark brown hemelytra with the cuneus darker and the embolium pale; and structure of male genitalia, especially the elongate left paramere (Fig. 303), with

106 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

sensory lobe expanded basally and small teeth on the ventral margin, and the truncate right paramere (Fig. 304) having a long projection at each angle. Genital capsule (Fig. 302); vesica (Fig. 305). Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Prov. Matanzas, Varadero, 150 m, 11.iv.1966, lgt. F. Gregor (6c) (MM). Paratypes: 1 ♀, Cuba: (Allotype), same data as for holotype (MM); 1 ♂ (membrane partially damaged by psocids), Prov. Habana, Suraco, 30.iv.1966, 150 m, Jar Prokop (USNM); 1 ♂, Prov. Habana-alamar-Cojímar, 2-10 m, 26-31.vii.1966, Jar Prokop (USNM). Ceratocapsus cubanus Bergroth (Figs. 85, 306-310) Ceratocapsus punctulatus Reuter, 1876: 87 (orig. descrip.); Atkinson, 1890: 141 (list); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note). Neotype designated by Hernández and Henry, 1999: 209. Preoccupied by Trichia punctulatus Reuter, 1876: 82. Ceratocapsus cubanus Bergroth, 1910: 68 (n. name); Carvalho, 1958b: 45 (cat.); Maldonado,1986: 129 (note); Schuh, 1995: 91 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list); Hernández and Henry, 1999: 208 (descrip., type). New name for Ceratocapsus punctulatus Reuter, 1876. Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 85). Male: Distinguished by the finely punctate pronotum, brown to fuscous antennal segments II-IV; the distinctly brown-stained, setigerous hemelytral punctures; the pale or whitish membrane with apical half darkened; the elongate left paramere (Figs. 306, 307), with a subapical C-shaped process bearing a prominent tooth subbasally; and the three-pronged right paramere (Figs. 308, 309) with the left branch curved inward and without serrations at the apex, the mesal and right prongs serrate to apex, and main trunk with a prominent subapical tooth. Vesica (Fig. 310). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from Cuba. Type specimen examined. Ceratocapsus punctulatus Reuter, neotype ♂: Cuba, Pinares de Viñales, ix.1966, P. Alayo, 23 Dibujo, desig. by L. M. Hernández and T. J. Henry [label added: right paramere lost, but drawn, L.M.Hdez 1995] (IES). Discussion. Hernández and Henry (1999) indicated that all syntypes of the species were lost and, as a consequence, designated a neotype for C. punctulatus.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 107

Ceratocapsus holguinensis Hernández and Henry (Figs. 86, 311-316) Ceratocapsus sp. B: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Ceratocapsus holguinensis Hernández and Henry 1999: 209 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 86). Male: Distinguished by the setigerous punctures on hemelytra, the short antennal segment II that is equal to or shorter than basal width of pronotum, and the structure of male genitalia, especially the distinctly bifurcate left paramere (Figs. 311, 312) with the right branch having a prominent subapical tooth, and the right paramere (Fig. 313) with three apically serrate prongs, the mesal prong distinctly curved. Genital capsule (Fig. 314); vesica (Fig. 315); phallotheca (Fig. 316). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Mayari, Loma de la Bandera, Holgüin, 2.vii.1990, L.F.Armas-V.Becker, charrascal, a la luz, 350 m (IES). Paratypes: 3 ♂♂, same data as for holotype (BMNH, IES, USNM); 3 ♂♂, same locality and collectors as for holotype, 13.vi.1990, charrascal, 400 m (BMNH, IES, USNM). Ceratocapsus punctulatus (Reuter) (Figs. 87, 317-320) Trichia punctulatus Reuter, 1876: 82 (orig. descrip.). Tiryus punctulatus: Kirkaldy, 1903: 14 (n. comb.); Van Duzee, 1916: 44 (list); Van Duzee 1917: 38 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 141 (diag., note). Ceratocapsus punctulatus: Carvalho, 1958b: 48 (cat.); Blatchley, 1926: 826 (descrip.); Alayo, 1974: 15 (descrip., host); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 397 (cat.); Schuh,1995: 96 (cat.); Hernández and Henry, 1999: 210 (descrip.). Ceratocapsus parallelus Maldonado, 1969: 129 (orig. descrip.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Synonymized by Hernández and Henry, 1999: 210. Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 87). Similar to C. avelinae Maldonado, but recognized by the characters given in the preceding key to species. It is also distinguished by the parallel-sided body; pale yellow coloration, with brownish areas on scutellum and apex of corium; yellow antennal segments I and II, with the apices of segments II, III and IV brown; the often reddish cuneus; pale membranal area posterior to areoles, with the remainder black; reddish abdominal segments; yellow legs, with the metafemur sometimes dark brown, suffused with fuscous; and structure of the male genitalia, espe-

108 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

cially the elongate left paramere (Fig. 317), with distinct teeth and long setae dorsally, right paramere (Fig. 318), and vesica (Fig. 320) with two distinct sclerotized processes. Gential capsule (Fig. 319). Total length 2.29-2.72 mm. Female: Macropterous form: Similar to male in general aspect and coloration. Brachypterous form: Hemelytra lacking membrane, coleopteriform; head, posterior half of pronotum, and scutellum pale brown, remainder of body brownish yellow dorsally, and distinctly reddish ventrally; labial segments I and II, reddish brown, III and IV yellowish brown, IV dark brown apically; scutellum mesally and hemelytra at base depressed; legs uniformly yellow, with coxae reddish basally. Hosts. Collected on Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Fabaceae] and Bidens pilosa L. [Asteraceae]. Type material examined. Ceratocapsus parallelus, holotype ♂: Cuba, Prov. Habana, Habana-Alamar-Cojímar, 1-10 m, 25-31.vii.1966, leg. Jar. Prokop (with an extra det. label: Holotype Henrycapsus [nomen nudum—our note] parallelus Maldonado), Holotype Ceratocapsus parallelus Maldonado (MM). Paratypes: 1 ♀ (allotype), Prov. Pinar del Rio, Viñales, 200m, 26.vii.1966, lgt. F. Gregor (38b) (MM); 1 ♂ (membrane partially damaged by psocids), same data as for holotype (USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 20 specimens: Sierra de Casas; Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud). La Caridad, Soroa; Mogote del Fonte, San Andrés; Peninsula de Guahanacabibes (Pinar del Rio). San Antonio de Baños; Bauta (Provincia de La Habana). Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas). Maniacal; Hanabanilla (Villa Clara). Meseta del Guaso (Guantánamo) (IES, HG, BMNH). Discussion. This species is also known from Mexico, the southern United States, and the West Indies (Henry and Wheeler, 1988). Ceratocapsus stonedahli Hernández and Henry (Figs. 88, 321-323) Ceratocapsus sp. C: Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Ceratocapsus stonedahli Hernández and Henry, 1999: 212 (orig. descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 88). Similar to C. punctulatus based on the simple structure of male parameres, but distinguished by the mostly impunctate head, uniformly yellow antennae, and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 321-323), especially elongate, apically rounded right paramere and short vesica. Total length 2.55-2.70 mm. Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from Cuba (Hernández and Henry, 1999). Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, La Tumba, Guanahacabibes, Pinar del Rio, xi.1967, Gloria (IES). Paratype: 1 ♂, same data as for holotype (BMNH).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 109

Genus Sericophanes Reuter Sericophanes Reuter, 1876: 79. Type species: Sericophanes ocellatus Reuter, 1876. Diagnosis. Species pale yellowish brown to brown, with an ant-mimetic facies. Head longer than wide; clypeus produced. Labium extending to mesosternum. Antennal fossa located at base of the eye in lateral view; segment I short and enlarged; segment II longer than remaining segments; segments III and IV subequal. Pronotum slightly elevated posteriorly; humeral angles rounded; anterior margins straight. Hemelytra constricted mesally, sometimes near cuneal fracture, with conspicuous, shiny, silvery setae and yellow spots. This is a small genus with 23 described species (Schuh, 1995), all distributed primarily in North, Central, and South America. Carvalho (1944) and Carvalho and Costa (1988b) revised the genus and provided a key to species in the Neotropical Region. One species occurs in Cuba. Schuh (1974) indicated that males are always macropterous and females are often brachypterous and much more antlike than males. Sericophanes parviceps Poppius (Figs. 89, 90, 336-338) Sericophanes parviceps Poppius, 1914: 259 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 152 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 16 (diag.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note); Schuh, 1995: 196 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus of similar-appearing S. heidemanni Poppius (Fig. 89). Recognized by the characters given in the generic diagnosis, including the constricted abdomen, the yellow spot at the middle of the hemelytra, and the ant-mimetic appearance. Total length 3.00-3.50 mm. Genitalia (Figs. 336-338). Female: Unknown. Females of other species, such as the North American S. heidemanni (Fig. 90), are strongly ant mimetic and often strongly brachypterous, with the abdomen broadened through the middle and constricted at the base. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. No specimens examined. Discussion. This species was described from Cayamas (Matanzas), Cuba.

Tribe Halticini Kirkaldy Diagnosis. Species of the tribe are distinguished by the small size, overall black coloration, the dorsoventrally elongate head, the saltatorial hind legs, the patches of white,

110 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

scalelike setae on the hemelytra, and the frequently brachyterous females. The Halticini are comprised of about 30 primarily Palearctic genera, including the widespread, nearly cosmopolitan genus Halticus (Schuh, 1995). Only one genus occurs in Cuba.

Genus Halticus Hahn Halticus Hahn, 1832: 113. Type species: Acanthia pallicornis Fabricius, 1794, a junior synonym of Cicada aptera Linnaeus, 1758. Diagnosis. Species with slender antennae longer than length of the body. Male slender, macropterous; female more broadly rounded, often brachyterous. Hind leg saltatorial, femur distinctly enlarged, tibia long. Male genitalia (Figs. 324-326). Henry (1983) revised the genus for the Western Hemisphere and provided a key to the four New World species; subsequently, H. spegazzinii (Berg) from Argentina was recognized (Carvalho, 1990a, Schuh, 1995). Halticus is a relatively large genus with 28 species described worldwide (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one widespread species. Halticus bractatus (Say) (Figs. 91, 92, 324-326) Capsus (Cylapus) bractatus Say, 1832: 26 (orig. descrip.). Rhinocloa [sic] citri Ashmead, 1887: 155 (orig. descrip.); Beyer, 1921: 1; Zayas, 1988: 141 (note). Synonymized by Reuter, 1909b: 71. Halticus minutus Uhler, 1890: 212 (orig. descrip.). Preoccupied. Halticus bracteatus [sic]: Atkinson, 1890: 170 (list); Bruner et al., 1945: 103, 107 (hosts); 1975: 193, 263 (hosts). Halticus uhleri Giard, 1892: 81. New name for H. minutus Uhler. Synonymized by Parshley, 1915: 23. Halticus bractatus: Carvalho, 1958b: 14 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 15 (diag., hosts); Henry, 1983: 610 (descrip., key); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 401 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 141 (note); Schuh, 1995: 55 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 91). Macropterous. Head, pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra, and apex of metafemur black; antennal segment I, apex of cuneus, and pro-, meso- and remainder of metafemur yellow. Head wider than long; eye located near anterior angle of pronotum. Antennal segment I short; segment II twice as long as segment III. Labium extending to metacoxa. Pronotum with lateral margins slightly concave toward

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 111

anterior margins. Hemelytra parallel-sided, set with tufts of golden or silvery, silky pubescence. Genitalia (Figs. 324-326). Total length 1.80-2.01 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 91). Macropterous form: Similar to male in general appearance. Brachypterous forms coleopteriform; general color similar to male, except metafemur black with only apex yellow; antennal segment II fuscous apically. Hosts. Collected on Helianthus sp. [Asteraceae]; Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Fabaceae]; and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975). Specimens examined. Cuba, 25 specimens: Sierra de Mesa; Península de Guahanacabibes; Mogote de San Andrés; Soroa (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas; Finca La Chata, Boyeros; Marianao (Ciudad de la Habana). Topes de Collantes (Sancti Spiritus). Hanabanilla, Escambray (Villa Clara). Universidad Central de Santa Clara (Las Villas). La Matazòn (Guantánamo) (BMNH, HG, IES). Discussion. Halticus bractatus is an important general pest that prefers plants in the family Fabaceae, such as alfalfa, beans, and clovers, but also attacks numerous other crops, including corn, cotton, eggplant, oats, potato, tobacco, and wheat (Beyer, 1921; Henry, 1983). Wheeler (2001) summarized the hosts, biology, and economic importance of this widespread species.

Tribe Orthotylini Van Duzee Diagnosis. Cuban Orthotylini can be recognized by the characters given in the preceding key to tribes. On a world level, however, a clearcut definition remains elusive, indicating that this group undoubtedly is not monophyletic. In some genera, females are often brachypterous. Six genera and seven species of Orthotylini are known to occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Genera of Orthotylini (Modified from Maldonado, 1969) 1. –

Pronotum and hemelytra strongly punctate (Figs. 94, 95) ........... Falconia Distant Pronotum and hemelytra impunctate or, at most, finely punctate ...................... 2

2.

Antennal segments I and II of male armed with spines (Fig. 330) or segment II emarginated basally with an downturned, flaplike process (Fig. 331); vertex depressed at middle; dorsal habitus (Figs. 95, 96) .................................. Hyalochloria Reuter Antennal segments I and II of male unarmed and segment II not emarginate basally; vertex not depressed ............................................................................................3

– 3.

Head, pronotum, and hemelytra uniformly pale green, without red spots or extensive dark areas ............................................................................................................4

112 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

–

Head, central area of pronotum, and median area of hemelytra dark brown or dorsum pale, sprinkled with small spots ..............................................................5

4.

Pale green species, with a large black spot on scutellum, sometime narrowly darkened on inner margin of corium; dorsum with only simple, pale setae; left paramere (Fig. 332) bifurcate; dorsal habitus (Fig. 97)........................................Itacoris Carvalho Uniformly pale green species, without black spots; dorsum with numerous scattered black scalelike setae; left paramere simple, not bifurcate; dorsal habitus (Fig. 100) .......................................................................................... Proboscidotylus Henry

–

5. –

General coloration pale yellow, with head, central area of pronotum, and apex of corium dark brown to black; dorsal habitus (Fig. 98) ................... Jobertus Distant General coloration pale or creamy, with dorsum and appendages sprinkled with small castaneous to red spots; dorsal habitus (Fig. 99) .............. Parthenicus Reuter

Genus Falconia Distant Falconia Distant, 1884: 298. Type species: Falconia caduca Distant, 1884. Diagnosis. Head vertical, wider than long; eyes touching anterior angles of pronotum. Length of antennal segments I and II subequal, II thicker than remaining segments. Pronotum distinctly narrowed mesally, strongly punctate, ecarinate; calli large; collar depressed. Hemelytron with emboliar margins parallel sided, strongly punctate; cuneal fracture variable, horizontal to oblique. This medium-sized genus, with 24 described species (Schuh, 1995), is widely distributed in Central and South America. Carvalho (1987b) revised and provided a key to the South American species. The Mexican species Falconia intermedia (Distant) has been used for biological control of Lantana camara L. [Verbenaceae] in Australia (Palmer and Pullen, 1998). The genus is represented in Cuba by two species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Falconia 1. –

Dorsum uniformly yellowish brown, with only scutellum and a small cloud at inner angle of corium darker brown; dorsal habitus (Fig. 93) .........jamaicensis Carvalho Dorsum variable; head, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, and frequently lateral margin of corium (embolium) black, remaining areas yellowish brown; dorsal habitus (Fig. 94) ....................................................................... semirasa (Distant)

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Falconia jamaicensis Carvalho (Figs. 93, 327-329) Falconia jamaicensis Carvalho, 1990b: 198 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 107 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 93). Male: General coloration pale yellow. Head castaneous, smooth; eyes large, black, nearly touching anterior angles of pronotum. Labium extending to middle of mesosternum. Antennal segments I and II pale yellow; III and IV fuscous (in some specimens apex of segments II and III reddish brown). Pronotum narrow anteriorly, punctate; lateral margins concave near humeral angles; humeral angles rounded. Scutellum dark brown, anterior angles pale. Metathoracic evaporative area black. Genital capsule with a distinct brown spot on each side. Total length 2.85-3.30 mm. Genitalia (Figs. 327-329). Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on Spondias mombin L. [Anacardiaceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 13 specimens: Rio Los Palacios (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas, EEA (Ciudad de la Habana) (BMNH, IES). Discussion. Our material compares closely with Carvalho’s (1990b) description of F. jamaicensis, but is slightly smaller (2.85-3.30 mm vs. 4.00 mm for F. jamaicensis) and is more extensively marked with brown on the corium and hemelytral membrane. Study of additional material and comparison with the Carvalho types likely will show that our Cuban material represents a new species. Falconia jamaicensis, previously known only from Jamaica (Carvalho, 1990b), was reported from Cuba by Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b). Falconia semirasa (Distant) (Fig. 94) Jornandes semirasus Distant, 1893: 449 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 807. Falconia semirasa: Carvalho, 1958b: 61 (n. comb.); Schuh 1995: 108 (cat.). Adfalconia bicolor Maldonado, 1986: 128 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 79 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). NEW SYNONYMY. Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the bicolored hemelytra, uniformly clear membrane, and brown general coloration with blackish areas on dorsum. Head pale orange. Antennae stramineus. Anterior lobe of pronotum black; posterior lobe brown. Scutellum black.

114 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Hemelytron with clavus unicolorous with posterior lobe of pronotum; outer apical half of corium with a small, variable, blackish area contiguous to embolium and extending to inner two thirds of corium; embolium brown; cuneus stramineus; membrane translucent, pale stramineus, with veins pale brown. Legs stramineus. Total length 2.00 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 79). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Lectotype ♀: S. Geronimo, Guatemala, Champion (BMNH). Paralectotypes: 1 (“holotype”) ♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as for lectotype (BMNH). Other specimens examined. No Cuban material examined. Discussion. Maldonado (1986) described Adfalconia bicolor from Cuba based on one female from La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba). We have compared his description and illustrations of the adult female and male genitalia with type material in the BMNH and conclude that A. bicolor is a junior synonym of F. semirasa (Distant).

Genus Hyalochloria Reuter Hyalochloria Reuter, 1907: 18. Type species: Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter, 1907. Diagnosis. Delicate, hyaline species. Head of male truncate on front, not protruding beyond eyes; posterior margin of head narrower than apex of pronotum; vertex broadly, strongly concave, and carinate along posterior margin. Antennae with simple, pilose, stout or hooked setae, armed with spines or variously shaped protuberances (in males). Pronotum trapeziform, apex half width of base; calli distinct and often separated from disc by a shallow impressed line, basal margin sinuate. Hemelytron hyaline to translucent, slightly arcuate, costal vein forming wide embolium (Henry, 1978). Henry (1978, 2001) revised the genus and provided a key to the 20 known species. Two species are known to occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Species of Hyalochloria 1. –

Antennal segment I in males with a dorsal spine and a distinct lateral tubercle, segment II with a distinct spine on basal third (Fig. 330) ....................caviceps Reuter Antennal segment I in males barrel-shaped, lacking a dorsal spine or lateral tubercle, segment II depressed at base with a downturned, flaplike process (Fig. 331).......... ..................................................................................................... unicolor Reuter

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Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter (Figs. 95, 330) Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter, 1907: 20 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b: 199 (descrip.); Henry, 2001: 249 (descrip., distr.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Lectotype designated by Carvalho 1990b: 199. Hyalochloria unicolor: Carvalho, 1958b: 76 (cat., in part); Henry, 1978: 86 (descrip., distr.); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note). Misidentification. Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 95). General color testaceous. Clothed with simple pale setae. Head testaceous with single dorsal row of long setae at base over anterior three-fourths of eye and a few long setae at lateral margin of vertex. Antennal segment I narrow at base, gradually enlarged to middle, with the apical spine curving inward and a stout, lateral tubercle (Fig. 330); segment II with a distinct spine on basal third. Pronotum testaceous; calli separated from disc of pronotum by a broad impressed line not quite reaching lateral margins; basal margin sinuate. Hemelytra hyaline; veins and margin testaceous. Hind tibia with four erect, basal spines. Total length 2.68 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance, but without modified antennal segments I and II. Host. None recorded from Cuba. Henry (2001) listed Lantana camara (L.) [Verbenaceae] as a host. Specimens examined. Cuba, 1 ♀: Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba) (IES). Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded H. caviceps (as H. unicolor ) from Cuba without giving an exact locality. We have examined one female, which agrees with the combination of characters given by Henry (2001) for H. caviceps. Hyalochloria unicolor Reuter (Figs. 96, 331) Hyalochloria unicolor Reuter 1907: 20 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b: 200 (descrip., distr.) Henry, 2001: 249 (descrip., distr., hosts); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Lectotype designated by Carvalho, 1990b: 200. Hyalochloria caviceps: Carvalho, 1958b: 76 (cat., in part); Henry, 1978: 73 (descrip., distr., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note, distr.); Schuh, 1995:132 (cat., in part); Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 96). General coloration pale green, clothed with simple, pale colored pubescence. Head with eyes sparsely clothed with short bristlelike setae. Antennal segment I (Fig. 331) barrel-shaped, tapering toward apex, lacking a lateral tubercle; base of segment II emarginate or depressed, with a flaplike lobe, lacking a

116 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

distinct spine on basal third; III fuscous. Pronotum shiny and tinged with green; basal margin sinuate. Hemelytra hyaline, dashed with green, especially along veins and costal margins. Total length 2.76 mm. Female: Similar in structure and coloration to male. Hosts. Henry (1978, 2001) reported H. unicolor (as H. caviceps) from Batis maritima L. [Bataceae], Bauhinia divaricata L. [Fabaceae], Cordia glabra Cham. [Boraginaceae], Lantana camara L. [Verbenaceae], and Solanum erianthum D. Don [Solanaceae], and suggested that this predator tracks prey over a broad array of plants. Specimens examined. No Cuban material examined. Discussion. Henry (1978) recorded this species (as H. caviceps) from the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and the United States (Florida). Carvalho (1990b) and Henry (2001) showed that most earlier workers, including Henry (1978), confused H. unicolor with H. caviceps. We include this species in the list because of past confusion between these species and because it is likely that H. unicolor eventually will be found in Cuba.

Genus Itacoris Carvalho Itacoris Carvalho, 1947: 103. Type species: Itacoris nigrioculis Carvalho, 1947. Diagnosis. Species with antennal segments I and II slender, segment I distinctly longer than width of vertex. Labium reaching middle of abdomen. Pronotum without a distinct lateral suture; posterior margin straight and not strongly constricted anteriorly. Hemelytron with or without spots at apex of corium and membrane; cuneus three times as long as wide. Itacoris is similar to Jobertus in external appearance, but it is distinguished by the overall green coloration, the one to three black spots on dorsum, and the structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 332, 333). This is a small Neotropical genus with only four described species, all distributed in South America, except for one West Indian species (Schuh, 1995). One species has been reported from Cuba (Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b). Itacoris trimaculatus Maldonado (Figs. 97, 332, 333) Itacoris trimaculatus Maldonado, 1969: 61 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 126 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 97). Male: Head, dorsally and ventrally greenish yellow; eyes reddish brown. Antenna same color as head; segment I green on basal half, black on apical half; remaining segments brown. Pronotum uniformly green. Scutellum with a diamond-shaped black spot extending to mesoscutum. Hemelytron uniformly green to

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greenish yellow, with narrow inner margin of corium forming a small, dark brown spot; ridge of anal vein brown; membrane smoky with small black areas near apex of large areole. Genitalia (Figs. 332, 333). Total length 2.85-3.00 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Piper sp. [Piperaceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 2 ♀♀: Cacarajicara (Pinar del Rio). San Francisco de Paula (Ciudad de la Habana) (IES). Discussion. We have examined two females that agree with the combinations of characters given by Maldonado (1969). Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first report for Cuba.

Genus Jobertus Distant Jobertus Distant, 1893: 421. Types species: Jobertus chryselectrus Distant, 1893. Diagnosis. Small, and mostly pale colored species. Vertex convex with a small but well- defined carina. Eye bluntly marginate. Antennal segment I cylindrical, thicker than remaining segments, as long or longer than width of vertex, slightly longer than head length. Pronotum trapeziform, usually not constricted and not projecting over scutellum. Scutellum smooth, slightly swollen. Forewing translucent, with cuneus two to three times longer than wide. Jobertus is a small Neotropical genus with seven described species (Schuh, 1995); Maldonado (1980) provided a key to the species. It is represented in Cuba by one species. Jobertus chryselectrus Distant (Fig. 98, 334, 335) Jobertus chryselectrus Distant, 1893: 241 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 137 (host); Carvalho, 1958b: 79 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 16 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 262 (host); Maldonado 1980: 307 (distr.); Henry and Wheeler, 1982: 235 (descrip., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 415 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 141 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 127 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male: General color pale yellowish, with outer surface of antennal segment I at base, head, pronotum (except lateral margin), mesoscutum, scutellum, and U-shaped inner area of corium black. Eyes reddish; frons yellow apically; vertex with two yellow spots touching inner margin of each eye, and reaching base of antennal sockets. Pronotum trapeziform; lateral margins curved; anterior and posterior margins straight; calli depressed. Mesoscutum exposed; scutellum wider anteriorly, shorter than claval commisure. Hemelytron with costal margin slightly curved; membrane smoky. Genitalia (Figs. 334, 335). Total length 2.55 mm.

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Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 98). Similar to male in appearance. Hosts. Maldonado (1969) reported this species from Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer [Lamiaceae], Cordia nitida Vahl, Cordia sp. [Boraginaceae], Solanum melongena L. [Solanaceae] (egg plant), and Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir [Cucurbitaceae] (squash), and mixed grasses; Bruner et al. (1945), Alayo (1974), and Bruner et al. (1975) listed it from Phaseolus vulgaris L., P. lunatus L. [Fabaceae]; and Henry and Wheeler (1982) recorded Ipomoea alba L., heavily infested with leafhoppers, and Solanum erianthus D. Don, and noted that the collection of this species “on plants of diverse families and its abundance on leafhopper-infested foliage suggest that this mirid is at least partially predacious.” Other hosts from the IES card file are Solanun verbascifolium L. [Solanaceae] and Cecropia peltata L. [Cecropiaceae]. Type material examined. Jobertus chryselectrus Distant, holotype ♂: Mexico, Atoyac, Vera Cruz, April, H. H. Smith (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 7 specimens: Mogote de los Portales; Hoyo de Fania (Pinar del Rio). El Cano; Laguito (Ciudad de la Habana). Los Homitongos (Guantánamo). San Blas, Mar. (Matznzas) (BMNH, IES, ZMA).

Genus Parthenicus Reuter Parthenicus Reuter, 1876: 84. Type species: Parthenicus psalliodes Reuter, 1876. Capellanus Distant, 1904a: 109. Type species: Lygus sparsus Distant, 1893. Synonymized by Carvalho 1976a: 56. Diagnosis. Distinguished by the relatively small size and elongate body. Head without distinct carina at base of vertex; eyes large, strongly granulate in males. Labium extending to metacoxa or beyond. Hemelytra subparallel-sided; set with silvery to golden, simple, sericeous setae, often intermixed with black scalelike setae, especially on apical margin of corium and cuneus. Vesica with two spiculi; parameres simple (Henry, 1982, 2008). This is a large genus with approximately 78 described species (Schuh, 1995; Henry 2007). One species occurs in Cuba. Parthenicus sparsus (Distant) (Fig. 99) Lygus sparsus Distant, 1893: 434 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 807. Capellanus sparsus: Carvalho, 1958a: 29 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note). Parthenicus sparsus: Carvalho, 1976a: 59 (n. comb.); Schuh, 1995: 181 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).

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Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 99). General coloration creamy white. Antennae, legs, and body abundantly speckled with pale castaneus. Head longer than wide; eyes fuscous; clypeus slightly produced. Antennal segment I thicker and shorter than remaining segments; segment II longest, length equal to combined lengths of segments III and IV; IV, fusiform. Pronotum declivous; posterior and anterior margins straight. Width of embolium less than width of antennal segment I, speckled with red; membrane pale greyish white; cuneus suffused with pale castaneus. Total length 3.00 mm. Male: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Lectotype ♀: Guatemala, San Geronimo, Champion (BMNH). Paralectotype: 1 ♀, San Jaoquin, Vera Paz, Champion (BMNH). Other material examined. No Cuban material examined. Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded P. sparsus (as Capellanus sparsus) in the subfamily Phylinae, without an exact locality. We have been unable to find the Cuban specimens identified by Maldonado (1986) that served as the basis for his new record. We have, however, found 14 specimens from Aruba, The Netherlands Antilles, and one from Araya, Sucre, Venezuela, in the USNM collection labeled by Maldonado as Parthenicus sparsus. All of this material actually represents the phyline Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Reuter), suggesting that Maldonado’s record of P. sparsus from Cuba also is in error. In the absence of Cuban material, we provide a dorsal habitus (Fig. 99) of the female lectotype of P. sparsus from Guatemala to help in the recognition of this species in the case that this species does occur in Cuba.

Genus Proboscidotylus Henry Proboscidotylus Henry, 1995: 340. Type species: Proboscidotylus carvalhoi Henry, 1995. Diagnosis.Uniformly pale green to greenish yellow; frons strongly swollen, especially in females; clypeus (tylus) prominent, sometimes forming an elongate, apically setose tubercle in males (P. carvalhoi Henry); antennal segment I relatively stout; scalelike setae on pronotum and hemelytra black; and ventral surface of male genital capsule with a cluster of apically swollen or clavate, bristlelike, and possibly glandular setae. Two species of this genus are known (Henry, 2003). Only one species occurs in Cuba.

120 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Proboscidotylus nigrosquamis (Maldonado) Parthenicus nigrosquamis Maldonado1969: 66 (orig. descrip.); Schuh 1995: 179 (cat.). Proboscidotylus nigrosquamis: Henry, 2003: 62 (n. comb., descrip.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 100). Overall small, oval, uniformly green to greenish yellow. Dorsum with scattered erect, simple setae, intermixed with black, scalelike setae on pronotum and hemelytra. Head with frons swollen, especially in females. Left paramere weakly C-shaped; right paramere elongate oval; vesical spiculum distally oval, with tiny tubercles; genital capsule extended ventrally with a field of clavate, probably glandular, stout or bristlelike setae. Length 2.35-2.55 mm. Female: Similar to male in color and pubescence. Length 2.40-2.65 mm. Host. Unknown. Specimen examined. Cuba, 1 specimen: Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara) (ZMA). Discussion. This species was described from Puerto Rico and later reported from Florida (Henry, 2003) and Guyana (Costa et al., 2008). Cuba is a new country record for P. nigrosquamis.

Subfamily Phylinae Douglas and Scott Diagnosis. Distinguished as noted in the preceding key to subfamilies by the structure of the pretarsi (Fig. 8) and male genitalia. Schuh (1974) recognized this subfamily by the following combinations of characters: male always macropterous and female sometimes brachypterous; pronotum sometimes with flattened collar; and parempodia either fleshy, convergent apically, recurved and flattened laterally or fleshy, rodlike and weakly convergent apically, and sometimes hairlike and parallel; and a straplike male vesica. The subfamily Phylinae, comprised five tribes and approximately 300 genera (Schuh 1995), is represented in Cuba by four tribes, 10 genera, and 18 species.

Key to Cuban Tribes of Phylinae 1. – 2.

Pronotum strongly convex, scutellum tuberculate; hemelytra with distinct white maculae; dorsal habitus (Fig. 101) .................................... Hallodapini Van Duzee Pronotum not convex, scutellum not tuberculate; hemelytra without distinct white maculae….. .........................................................................................................2 Vesica U- or S-shaped (Fig. 343); head usually strongly concave behind eyes, usually with two yellow spots on vertex; vertex and anterior lobe of pronotum sometimes

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–

3.

–

yellow, remainder of head and pronotum black (Figs. 102, 103); male genitalia (Figs. 341-343) .............................................................Leucophoropterini Schuh Vesica not U- or S-shaped, sometimes C- shaped; head usually not concave behind eyes, without yellow spots on vertex; vertex and pronotum black, yellowish, or brown; male genitalia different from above..........................................................3 Parempodia fleshy, convergent; vesica elongate, usually with a lateral spine bearing teeth apically (Fig. 373); dorsum with distinct, silky, transverse bands of scalelike setae; species oblong-oval (Figs. 115-118), sometimes ant mimetic (Fig. 114) ....... ............................................................................. Pilophorini Douglas and Scott Parempodia hairlike, straight; vesica twisted, never with a lateral spine bearing teeth apically (e.g., Figs. 353, 366, 373); dorsum without bands of scalelike setae dorsally; species not ant mimetic (Figs. 104-113) ....................... Phylini Douglas and Scott

Tribe Hallodapini Van Duzee Diagnosis. Distinguished by the ant-mimetic appearance, strongly convex pronotum, tuberculate scutellum, and white hemelytral maculae. This is a small myrmecomorphic tribe of strongly sexually dimorphic taxa, containing approximately 50 genera and 289 described species (Schuh, 1995; Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one genus.

Genus Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter, 1876: 81. Type species: Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus Reuter, 1876. Diagnosis. Species with a convex pronotum, a conically produced or tuberculate scutellum, and hemelytron with a transverse white fascia across middle of clavus and base of corium. Cyrtopeltocoris is a small genus with 11 described species, distributed primarily in the southwestern United States. It is represented in Cuba by one endemic species. Cyrtopeltocoris cubanus Poppius (Fig. 101) Cyrtopeltocoris cubanus Poppius, 1914: 257 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958b: 136 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 220 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus [of C. albofaciatus Knight] (Fig. 101). Distinguished by the characters given in the preceding key to genera, especially the convex pronotum,

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tuberculate scutellum, overall myrmecomorphic appearance, and white hemelytral facies. Total length 4.00 mm (Poppius, 1914). Female: Unknown. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. No Cuban material examined. Discussion. This species, described from Cayamas (Villa Clara), was overlooked by Alayo (1974). Because no specimens of C. cubanus are available, we provide an image (Fig. 101) of the similar-appearing North American species, C. albofasciatus Reuter, for comparative purposes.

Tribe Leucophoropterini Schuh Diagnosis. Dark colored, somewhat ant-mimetic species. Head usually concave behind; eyes contiguous with anterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum usually with finely carinate upturned anterior margin or with a more or less well-developed flattened collar. Scutellum always flat. Parempodia hairlike. The tribe Leucophoropterini is comprised of 21 genera, including the widely distributed genus Tytthus Fieber.

Genus Tytthus Fieber Tytthus Fieber, 1864: 82. Type species: Capsus geminus Flor, 1860. Preoccupied by Capsus geminus Say, 1832. Next available name Cyrtorhinus pubescens Knight, 1931. Diagnosis. Usually black species, with pale green or greenish-yellow areas and simple, erect pubescence. Body elongated. Head short, rounded anteriorly, often with two yellow spots on vertex; labium extending to middle or hind coxae. Pronotum smooth, bell-shaped; calli weakly developed. This is a small genus with 19 described species (Schuh, 1995), all of which are specialized delphacid egg predators (Wheeler, 2001). It is represented in Cuba by two species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Tytthus 1. –

Antennal segment I pale or white, with a broad black band through middle; pronotum uniformly black; dorsal habitus (Fig. 102) .............neotropicalis (Carvalho) Antennal segment I black, with only apex narrowly pale; pronotum bicolored with anterior lobe pale, posterior lobe black; dorsal habitus (Fig. 103) .......................... ................................................................................................. parviceps (Reuter)

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Tytthus neotropicalis (Carvalho) (Figs. 102, 339, 340) Cyrtorhinus costae: Carvalho, 1945a: 316 (misidentification, descrip.). Cyrtorhinus neotropicalis Carvalho, 1954: 425 (orig. descrip.). Tytthus neotropicalis: Carvalho and Southwood, 1955: 25 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1958a: 158 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Schuh, 1995: 249 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 102). Head, pronotum, mesopleura, mesoscutum, and scutellum black. Antennal segment I white, with a broad, black ring at middle; segments II, III, and IV reddish black or brown. Eyes reddish black. Labium brown. Hemelytra grey. Metapleura reddish brown. Coxae straw colored, brown at base; trochanters, base of femora, and tibiae straw colored. Genitalia (Figs. 339, 340). Total length 2.58 mm. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. Cuba, 2 specimens: Sierra de Casas (Isla de la Juventud). Jibacoa (Villa Clara) (IES). Discussion. Maldonado (1986) gave the first record of T. neotropicalis from Cuba, a species also known from Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Surinam (Schuh, 1995). Tytthus parviceps (Reuter) (Figs. 103, 341-343) Cyrtorhinus parviceps Reuter, 1890: 258 (orig. descrip.). Cylloceps pellicia Uhler, 1893: 712 (orig. descrip.) Synonymized by China, 1924: 444. Crytorhinus sp.: Bruner et al., 1945: 194 (host). Tytthus parviceps: Carvalho and Southwood 1955: 21 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1958a: 158 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 24 (diag., host); Bruner et al. 1975: 238 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 134 (distr.); Zayas, 1988: 145 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 249 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 103). Male: Distinguished from T. neotropicalis by the pale yellow area near the inner margins of the eyes; the black antennal segment I, with only the extreme apex pale; the anteriorly pale brown and posteriorly black pronotum; the yellowish calli; the yellowish or greyish hemelytra, tinged with brown on clavalcommisural area; and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 341-343), especially the left paramere with a more developed sensorial lobe, and an elongate, apically rounded right paramere. Total length 2.47 mm.

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Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on Oryza sativa [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975) and Phaseolus sp. [Fabaceae]. It also has been reported preying on eggs of Sogatodes orizicola (Muir) (Delphacidae) in rice plantations (IES) and the sugercane delphacid, Perkinsiella saccaricida Kirkaldy (Wheeler, 2001). Type material examined. Cyrtorhinus parviceps Reuter, holotype ♀: Egypt, Le Caire, v.88, Schweimfih, 2, Montandon, coll. 1901-233 (BMNH). Cylloceps pellicia Uhler, holotype ♀: St. Vincent, W. I., May, H. H. Smith, 95-206 (BMNH). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 22 specimens: El Abra, Sierra de Casas (Isla de la Juventud). Peninsula de Hicacos (Pinar del Rio). La Boca (Matanzas). Maniacal, Escambray; Jibaro (Sancti Spiritus). Jibacoa (Villa Clara) (BMNH, HG, IES).

Tribe Phylini Douglas and Scott Diagnosis. Distinguished by the preceding key to tribes and by the following combination of characters (Schuh, 1974, 1984): dorsum usually punctate; parempodia usually hairlike, parallel, occasionally fleshy and weakly convergent; pulvilli free or enlarged, or fused to ventral surface of claws; vesica twisted with a well-developed, subapical gonopore; and wedge-shaped left paramere. This is the largest tribe in the Phylinae with 230 genera, most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere (Schuh, 1995; Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by nine genera and 15 species.

Key to Cuban Genera of Phylini 1. – 2.

–

Dorsum with numerous brown spots; hemelytron with setigerous, black spots on cuneus and paracuneus; dorsal habitus (Figs. 105, 106) .....Pseudatomoscelis Poppius Dorsum without brown spots; cuneus and paracuneus without setigerous black spots....................................................................................................................2 Hemelytron with a distinct red spot on middle of corium; scutellum red; posterior margin of pronotum strongly concave near anterior angles of mesoscutum; left paramere (Fig. 344) elongate, with a distinct apical membrane; right paramere (Fig. 345) strongly expanded apically; dorsal habitus (Fig. 104) ........ ............................................................................................Platyscytus Reuter Hemelytron without a red spot on middle of corium; scutellum black, brown, or yellowish green; posterior margins of pronotum either straight or weakly concave near anterior angles of mesoscutum; left paramere elongate or curved, but without an apical membrane; right paramere not strongly expanded apically ...................3

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3. – 4.

–

Hind femur enlarged, with dark brown or black spots; tibial spines with black spots at bases; body with adpressed, scalelike setae; vesica (Figs. 355, 358, 360) S- or Jshaped; dorsal habitus of species (Figs. 109-112) ........................ Rhinacloa Reuter Hind femur not enlarged and without dark or brown spots; tibial spines without black spots at bases; male genitalia variable..........................................................4 Genital capsule with a distinct tubercle on the left side (Fig. 349) and a black spot ventrally; vesica (Figs. 350, 353) with clusters of short and long, hairlike bristles; species greenish yellow, with scutellum, clavus, and apical portion of corium dark brown; male antennal segments I and II same thickness as segments III and IV; female macropterous; dorsal habitus (Figs. 107, 108) ..................... .................................................................................... Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy Genital capsule without a tubercle on the left side or a black spot ventrally; vesica (Fig. 373) C-shaped, without clusters of hairlike bristles; species black, with white markings on hemelytra; male antennal segments I and II much thicker than segments III and IV; female often brachypterous; dorsal habitus (Fig. 113)................ .................................................................................................Spanagonicus Berg

Genus Platyscytus Reuter Platyscytus Reuter, 1907: 16. Type species: Platyscytus binotatus Reuter, 1907. Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Phylinae by the pale overall coloration, with two distinct red spots on the hemelytra, and the structure of male genitalia. Carvalho (1955c) and Maldonado and Carvalho (1981) provided a key to identify the species of Platyscytus. This genus includes 21 described species, distributed mainly in South America (Schuh, 1995). One species occurs in Cuba. Platyscytus binotatus Reuter (Figs.104, 344-346) Platyscytus binotatus Reuter, 1907: 16 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958b: 126 (cat.); Maldonado and Carvalho, 1981: 386 (descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b: 206 (descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 392 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male: General coloration pale yellow, with eyes, apical portion of scutellum, and a spot mesally on the corium red; antennal segment III and IV castaneous; membrane near cuneus and paracuneus pale brown. Head wider than long, concave basally, covered with erect, yellow setae. Labium extending to apex of mesocoxa. Anten-

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nal segment I shortest, thickest; segment II two times longer than remaining segments; lengths of segments III and IV subequal. Pronotum trapeziform; posterior margins straight, concave near anterior angle of mesoscutum; humeral angles rounded, set with long, semierect, yellow setae. Mesoscutum depressed mesally. Hemelytral margin weakly convex; clothed with yellow, semierect pubescence, especially along costal margin. Legs uniformly yellow; hind tibia with spines longer than tibial width, outer surface with two rows of short spinules; hind femur with distinct trichobothria. Genitalia (Figs. 344-346). Total length 2.41-2.54 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 104). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. [Sterculiaceae] and “probably on Piperaceae.” Specimens examined. Cuba, 8 specimens: Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio). Universidad Central de Santa Clara (Villa Clara). C. Tánamo (Holgüin) (HG, IES); 1 female, Cayamas, 29.12, E. A. Schwarz (USNM). Discussion. Carvalho (1990b) recorded P. binotatus from the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Panamá, and Venezuela.

Genus Pseudatomoscelis Poppius Pseudatomoscelis Poppius, 1911: 85. Type species: Atomoscelis seriatus Reuter, 1876. Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Phylini by the dorsally brown-spotted, pale to green body, with three or more distinct fuscous spots or bands on antennal segment II; pale to brown membrane, with a dark fuscous mark just posterior to apex of the cuneus; one or more dark setal patches along inner margin of cuneus; dark bristlelike setae on dorsal edge of metafemur; tibial spines with dark spot at the bases; and the structure of the male genitalia. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 105, 106). Henry (2002) provided a key to the four known species of the genus. Two species occur in Cuba.

Key to the Cuban Species of Pseudatomoscelis 1. –

Inner margin of cuneus without or with only vague spots bearing two or three dark bristlelike setae; male vesica short and stout (Fig. 366); dorsal habitus (Fig. 105) .. ..................................................................................................... insularis Henry Inner margin of cuneus with two to four distinct dark spots, the anterior-most spot the largest and bearing 4 to 6 or more dark, bristlelike setae; male vesica proportionately more slender (Fig. 370); dorsal habitus (Fig. 106) ........... seriata (Reuter)

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Pseudatomoscelis insularis Henry (Figs. 105, 363-366) Pseudatomoscelis insularis Henry, 1991: 388 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 418 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list); Henry, 2002: 105 (note, diag.). Diagnosis. Male: Similar to P. seriata, but distinguished by the smaller size, less profusely spotted head, shorter pronotum, and stouter, more curved male vesica. Length 2.162.40 mm. Genitalia (Figs. 363-366). Female. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 105). Similar to male in general appearance. Length 2.40-2.60 mm. Host. Henry (1991) reported this species from Croton sp. [Euphorbiaceae] in Puerto Rico. Specimen examined. Cuba, 1 specimen: Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud) (IES). Discussion. Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first Cuban record for P. insularis, also known from Puerto Rico and St. Thomas Island (Henry 1991, 2002). Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Reuter) (Figs. 106, 367-370) Atomoscelis seriatus Reuter, 1876: 91 (orig. descrip.). Psallus atomophorus Reuter, 1907: 22 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Henry, 1991: 389. Pseudatomoscelis seriatus: Poppius, 1911: 86 (n. comb.). See Henry 1999: 389 for complete list of synonymy. Pseudatomoscelis seriata: Wheeler, 2001: 8 (spelling); Henry, 2002: 105 (in key). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 106). Overall pale to dark green, evenly sprinkled on dorsum with small dark brown spots; color and spotting intensity largely host-plant dependent. Antennal segments I and II and appendages distinctly spotted. Inner margin of cuneus with one large and several small black spots giving rise to stout, black, bristlelike setae. Left (Fig. 367) and right (Fig. 368) parameres typical for genus; vesica (Fig. 370) relatively long and slender; phallotheca (Fig. 369). Length 2.76-3.16 mm Female: Similar to male in overall coloration and markings. Length 2.80-3.40 mm. This species is distinguished from P. insularis by the larger size, more profusely spotted dorsum, especially on the head and pronotum, the larger cuneal spots or patches, and the longer, more slender vesica. Hosts. This widespread species, commonly known as the cotton fleahopper, has been recorded from at least 128 species of plants in more than 28 families (Hixson, 1941). Henry (1991) summarized the 21 most common host genera and, of them, Croton L. [Euphorbiaceae], Monarda L. [Lamiaceae], Oenothera L. [Onagraceae], and Solanum L. [Solanaceae] are among the most frequently used.

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Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Pinar del Rio (Pinar del Rio), 16-29 May, 1933, H. J. Macgillavry (ZMA). Discussion. The above specimens appear to represent the first Cuban record for the species, but as noted above under Parthenicus sparsus, specimens reported by Maldonado (1986) as Capellanus sparsus (Distant) may actually have been P. seriata.

Genus Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy, 1905: 268. Type species: Episcopus ornatus Reuter, 1876. Diagnosis. Greenish-yellow species with a brown scutellum, clavus, and apical portion of corium; membrane pale. Clothed with sericeous setae, mixed with erect, fuscous, simple setae. Tibial spines lacking dark basal spots. Kelton (1964) revised this genus and provided a key to separate the species occurring in North and Central America and the West Indies. Reuteroscopus is a large genus with approximately 53 described species (Schuh, 1995), some of which feed on ragweeds, Ambrosia spp. It is represented in Cuba by two species.

Key to the Cuban Species of Reuteroscopus 1.

–

Yellowish green, with scutellum, clavus, and bar across apex of corium dark brown to fuscous; hind femora yellow with only a few small brown spots on outer face; male genital capsule with a distinct tubercle above left paramere and a dark spot on ventral surface; dorsal habitus (Fig. 108) ......................................ornatus (Reuter) Yellow, with scutellum, clavus, and a cloud at middle of corium diffused brown to yellowish brown; hind femur yellow with apex and a few small spots on outer surface brown; male genital capsule lacking a tubercle above left paramere and without or only an indistinct brown spot on ventral surface; dorsal habitus (Fig. 107)............ .................................................................................................... hamatus Kelton Reuteroscopus hamatus Kelton (Figs. 107, 347-350)

Reuteroscopus hamatus Kelton, 1964: 1426 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Schuh, 1995: 421(cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male: Hemelytra with a somewhat diffused central dark brown area, not sharply defined and contrasting with pale green or yellowish-green areas. Body covered with pale to

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 129

brown pubescence, intermixed with slender sericeous setae. Head, antennal segments I and II, first three labial segments, pronotum, pleurae, coxae, femora, embolium, and cuneus pale green to more pale yellow in preserved specimens. Eyes, apex of antennal segments II, III, and IV, and a spot on the ventral side of the genital capsule brown. Mesoscutum, scutellum, clavus, and extensive area at apex of corium diffused brown. Membrane brown, veins around small areole green. Tibia pale greenish brown; tarsi dark brown apically. Genitalia (Figs. 347-350); genital capsule lacking a tubercle above left paramere and lacking or with only an indistinct dark spot on verntral surface. Total length 3.07 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 107). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on Parthenium sp. [Asteraceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 5 specimens: Hormiguero, Feb. (Cienfuegos). Santa Cruz del Norte; Bauta (Habana) (HG, IES, ZMA). Discussion. Reuterscopus hamatus is less abundant in Cuba and the Greater Antilles than R. ornatus (Maldonado, 1986). Kelton (1964) recorded it from the Dominican Republic, Grenada, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, the United States (Florida), and the Virgin Islands. Reuteroscopus ornatus (Reuter) (Figs. 108, 351-353) Episcopus ornatus Reuter, 1876: 90 (orig. descrip.). Reuterosocopus ornatus: Bruner et al., 1945: 89, 127 (hosts); Kelton, 1964: 1422 (descrip., distr.); Alayo, 1974: 23 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 169, 243 (hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note, distr.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 497 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 144 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 422 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Diagnosis. Male. Head yellow or yellowish green, with an oval brown pattern extending over vertex and frons; eyes reddish black or black; labium yellowish green, last segment black. Antennal segment I yellow; II slightly dashed with brown; III and IV brown. Pronotum, pleurae, coxae, femora, tibiae, and most of tarsi yellowish or yellowish green. Hind femur with inconspicuous small, brown, apical spots. Mesoscutum yellow; lateral margins brown; scutellum brown, sometimes yellowish green along claval margin. Hemelytron: clavus dark brown; corium with a broad dark brown to fuscous band across apex; cuneus yellowish green; embolium yellow; membrane brown. Tibial spines black. Genitalia (Fig. 351-353); genital capsule with a distinct tubercle above left paramere and a distinct dark brown or fuscous spot on ventral surface. Total length 3.00 mm. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 108). Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Helianthus annuus L. [Asteraceae] and Parthenium hysterophorus L. [Asteraceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975); Ipomoea rubra Murr., I. tiliacea ‘var?” [Convolvulaceae].

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Specimens examined. Cuba, 90 specimens: Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud). San Diego, May; Hoyo de Fania (Pinar del Rio). Güira de Melena; Alqüizar; El Cano (La Habana). Finca La Chata, Boyeros; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Ciénaga de Zapata. Jibacoa; Maniacal; Epica 4 (Villa Clara). Meseta del Guaso; EPICA Guantánamo (Guantánamo). Cayo Sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin) (HG, IES, ZMA). Discussion. Kelton (1964) noted that R. ornatus is the most widely distributed species in the genus.

Genus Rhinacloa Reuter Rhinacloa Reuter, 1876: 88. Type species: Rhinacloa forticornis Reuter, 1876. Diagnosis. Small oval species, with sericeous or scalelike dorsal setae, a row of spicules dorsally on distal half of the metafemur, and basally broad claws with pulvilli flaplike or covering nearly the entire ventral claw surface. Male genitalia with vesica elongate, sclerotized, usually S-shaped, occasionally J-shaped, with or without a secondary gonopore, and sometimes with a spicule. This is a widespread Neotropical genus with approximately 38 described species (Schuh, 1995). Schuh and Schwartz (1985) revised the genus and provided a key to species. Four species occur in Cuba.

Key to species of Rhinacloa in Cuba (Adapted from Schuh and Schwartz, 1985 and Maldonado, 1991) 1. – 2. – 3. –

Pale species; labium extending to apex of procoxa; lateral margins of pronotum and hemelytra with a distinct row of heavy, black setae; male genitalia (Figs. 356-358); dorsal habitus (Fig. 110) ............................................cardini (Barber and Bruner) Dark species; labium extending to midpoint of mesocoxae or beyond; lateral margins of pronotum and hemelytra with erect brown setae; male genitalia different........2 Propleura with a distinct quadrate, dark brown, velvety patch; hind femur pale, distinctly and abundantly brown spotted apically; male genitalia (Figs. 361, 362); dorsal habitus (Fig. 112) ......................................................pallidipes Maldonado Propleura without a velvety patch; hind femur pale or dark, unspotted or with scattered dark spots; male genitalia different..............................................................3 Membrane with scattered scalelike setae; antennal segment I dark; male genitalia (Figs. 359, 360); dorsal habitus (Fig. 111) ............................... clavicornis (Reuter) Membrane without scalelike setae; antennal segment I pale; male genitalia (Figs. 354, 355); dorsal habitus (Fig. 109) .............................................. basalis (Reuter)

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Rhinacloa basalis (Reuter) (Figs. 109, 354, 355) Sthenarus basalis Reuter, 1907: 26 (orig. descrip.). Lepidopsallus pusilla Knight, 1925: 227 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 395. Rhinacloa castanea Carvalho, 1948: 10 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 138 (cat.). Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 395. Rhinacloa pallida Reuter, 1908b: 178 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1969: 82 (descrip.). Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 395 Rhinacloa pusilla: Carvalho, 1955b: 226 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1958a: 139 (cat.); Maldonado, 1969: 82 (descrip.) Rhinacloa basalis: Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Maldonado, 1991: 121 (note); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 395; Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 498 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 424 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the variably pale brown to brown coloration; parallelsided emboliar margins of hemelytra; the sexually dimorphic coloration of antennal segment II (male yellow with apical third castaneous vs. female yellow with apical fourth and basal fifth castaneous); and the structure of male genitalia, especially the well-developed secondary gonopore, the apical spicules on the vesica and the splayed left paramere. Genitalia (Figs. 354, 355). Total length 2.37-2.59 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.47-1.83 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985)]. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 109). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. No hosts recorded from Cuba. Schuh and Schwartz (1985) recorded Amaranthus dubius Mart. [Amaranthaceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 44 specimens: Hormiguero (Cienfuegos). Loma de la Bandera, Mayari; Playa Sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin). San Diego, May-June; Soroa; Herradura (Pinar del Rio). Habana. Soledad (Cienfuegos). San Blas, Mar. (Matanzas). Trinidad; Buenos Aires (Sancti Spiritus). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara). La Emajagua; La Gran Piedra; Siboney (Santiago de Cuba). La Fa (Guantánamo) (BMNH, IES, USNM, ZMA). Discussion. This widely distributed species shows color variation over its entire range (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985). Specimens from Hispaniola have the posterior half of the pronotum dark, constrasting with the anterior half. In material from Jamaica, the pronotum is completely dark brown, almost black. Cuban specimens are similar to those from Hispaniola.

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Rhinacloa cardini (Barber and Bruner) (Figs. 110, 356-358) Campylomma sp.: Bruner et al., 1945: 71 (host). Campylomma cardini Barber and Bruner, 1946: 58 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 25 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 23 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 134 (host); Zayas, 1988: 145 (note); Hernández and Reyes, 1995: 5 (list, types, host). Rhinacloa cardini: Maldonado, 1969: 75 (descrip., host); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 414 (descrip., host); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note), 1991: 121 (note); Schuh, 1995: 424 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 110). Male: Recognized by the small size, weakly oval shape, general pallid to pale green coloration, distinct black spotting on the metafemora, row of heavy black setae laterally on pronotum and hemelytra, weakly concave head, posterior margin of eye not conforming to shape of anterior margin on pronotum, and structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 356-358). Total length 2.37-2.72 mm [length from apex tylus to cuneal fracture 1.66-1.99 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985)]. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Collected on the introduced Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. [Mimosaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975; Hernández and Reyes, 1995). Type material examined. Holotype ♂, 5 paratype ♂♂, 6 paratype ♀♀: Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas, Habana, S. C. Bruner, 4 July 1945 (USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 33 specimens: Viñales; Soroa (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas (Habana). Soledad (Cienfuegos). EPICA Guantánamo; Imias (Holgüin). Siboney (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, IES, USNM). Rhinacloa clavicornis (Reuter) (Figs. 111, 359, 360) Sthenarus clavicornis Reuter, 1905: 38 (orig. descrip.). Rhinacloa subpallicornis Knight, 1925: 225 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 133 (host); Carvalho, 1958a: 139 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 21 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 253 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Zayas, 1988: 144 (diag.). Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 399. Rhinacloa clavicornis: Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 399 (descrip., hosts); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 498 (cat.); Maldonado, 1991:121 (note); Schuh, 1995: 424 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).

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Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the dark antennal segment I, basally pale and distally dark antennal segment II, clavate female antennal segment II, and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 359, 360), especially sinuous vesica, with the apex deflexed and secondary gonopore well developed subapically. Total length 2.05-2.40 mm (length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.50-1.78 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985)]. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 111). Similar to male in general appearance, except for the smaller eyes, more rounded head, and the conspicuously clavate antennal segment II. Hosts. Bruner et al. (1945, 1975) listed Phaseolus limensis Macfad. [Fabaceae]; Alayo (1974) recorded citrus and mango; and Schuh and Schwartz (1985) gave Buddleja wrightii Robbins [Buddlejaceae] and cultivated corn and cotton. Specimens examined. Cuba, 19 specimens: El Cano; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana) (IES). Rhinacloa pallidipes Maldonado (Figs.112, 361, 362) Rhinacloa pallidipes Maldonado, 1969: 83 (orig. descrip.); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 407 descrip.); Henry, 1984: 519 (distr., note); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 407 (descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 498 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 426 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Rhinacloa punctipes Maldonado, 1969: 84 (orig. descrip.); Henry, 1984: 519 (note). Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 407. Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 112). Recognized by the black velvety patch on propleuron, the tibial spines with distinct black bases, and the structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 361, 362), especially the S-shaped vesica with a short, blunt, apical spine and subapically developed secondary gonopore (Fig. 362). Total length 2.21-2.53 mm (length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.52-1.81 mm (Schuh and Schwartz 1985)]. Female: Similar to male in general appearance, except for the more robust and ovoid body, smaller eyes, and weakly clavate black antennal segment II. Host. Henry (1984) reported a specimen from Brazilian pepper, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi [Anacardiaceae] in Florida. Specimens examined. No Cuban material examined. Numerous specimens from Puerto Rico and Florida studied. Discussion. Rhinacloa pallidipes is widely distributed from Mexico to South America, in the West Indies, and southern Florida in the United States (Henry, 1984; Schuh and Schwartz, 1985; Maldonado, 1991). In Cuba, it was recorded from Soledad (Cienfuegos) (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985).

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Genus Spanagonicus Berg Spanagonicus Berg, 1883: 78. Type species: Spanagonicus provincialis Berg, 1883. Diagnosis. Nearly black species, with a transverse, white fascia on hemelytron. Head weakly exserted and straight behind. Antennal segments I and II strongly dimorphic, much thicker and more pubescent in males than females. Females often brachypterous. This is a small genus with only four described species (Schuh, 1995). One species occurs in Cuba. Spanagonicus albofasciatus (Reuter) (Figs. 113, 371-373) Leucopoecila albofasciatus Reuter, 1907: 24 (orig. descrip.). Spanagonicus albofasciatus: Alayo, 1974: 22 (diag., host); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 500 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 431(cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Spanogonicus [sic] albofasciatus: Zayas, 1988: 144 (diag.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 113). Recognized by the overall black coloration with a white fascia on the hemelytron, the thickened male antenna, and the structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 371-373), especially shape of the left paramere and large, slender, apically curved vesica. Total length 1.50-2.00 mm. Female: Macropterous forms similar to male in general appearance. Brachypterous individuals are strongly coleopteriform and the antennae are much longer than the body. Hosts. Collected on Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae] and Oryza sativa L. [Poaceae] in Cuba. Specimens examined. Cuba, 10 specimens: Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud). Banes; Pinar del Rio, May (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas (La Habana). Finca la Chata, Boyeros (Ciudad de la Habana). Central Menéndez (Matanzas). Manicaragua, Mar. (Villa Clara) Chirigota (Cienfuegos). (BMNH, HG, IES, USNM, ZMA). Discussion. Butler (1965) and Butler and Stoner (1965) studied the biology and Neal et al. (1972) reported on its predatory feeding behavior.

Tribe Pilophorini Douglas and Scott Diagnosis. Members of this tribe are recognized by the following combinations of characters: head concave behind; body with lanceloate, silky or scalelike setae, forming

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transverse bands or patches across hemelytra; pretarsi with lanceolate, apically convergent parempodia; and male genitalia with an untwisted vesica and a much-reduced secondary gonopore. The Pilophorini are a widespread group of 10 genera, comprised of strongly myrmecomorphic species (Schuh, 1991; Schuh and Slater, 1995). This tribe is represented in Cuba by two genera and five species.

Key to Cuban Genera of Pilophorini 1. –

Strongly ant mimetic, hemelytra constricted through middle, with two bands of silvery, scalelike setae, one on anterior third of corium and one on posterior third (Fig. 114) ......................................................................................Pilophorus Hahn Not ant mimetic, instead oval or elongate oval; hemelytra not constricted and without bands of scalelike setae ..............................................................Sthenaridea Reuter

Genus Pilophorus Hahn Pilophorus Hahn, 1826: 23. Type species: Cimex clavatus Linnaeus, 1767. Diagnosis. Species strongly myrmecomorphic, with lateral and anterior margins of pronotum flattened, often with patches of scalelike setae anterolaterally and posteriorly on scutellum. Posterior margin of the mesepimeron and usually posterior margin of metepisternum with a short row of scalelike setae; often with patch of scalelike setae on anterolateral portion of abdominal sternum. Hemelytra constricted at middle, with a band of conspicuous transverse, scalelike setae across basal and apical thirds of each corium. Male genitalia with a flat or twisted vesica, having spicules near the gonopore and usually a spinelike, lateral process mesally. Pilophorus is a large genus with 108 species worldwide (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one species. Pilophorus cubanus Hernández and Henry, New Species (Figs. 114, 374-376) Diagnosis. Pilophorus cubanus runs to the P. crassipes group (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988) based on the unique polished hemelytral texture posteriad of the posterior band of scalelike setae, the uniformly dark antennal segment III, and the flat vesica with subapical denticles on the mesial, spinelike process. It is similar to P. tibialis Van Duzee in having

136 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

teeth on the mesial process, but is distinguished by the smaller size, shorter, uniformly brown antennal segment II, brown antennal segment IV, smoky hemelytral membrane, linear metatibia, and the structure of male genitalia, especially the vesica with a smaller subapical spine near the mesial process. Description. Male (n = 5): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 114). Macropterous; total length 2.40-2.85 mm. Head: Length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.75-1.05 mm; width of vertex 0.30-0.45 mm; dark castaneous; clypeus produced in front eyes; maxillary plates prominent; eyes large, reddish brown, occupying entire height of head in lateral view and contiguous with anterior angles of pronotum. Labium: Reddish brown, extending to abdominal segment V. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.24-0.30 mm, pale castaneous, covered with 2-3 long, erect, brown setae, intermixed with short, decumbent, brown setae; II, length 1.05-1.35 mm, three times longer than remaining segments, castaneous, sometimes darker apically (some specimens have a pale red tinge on underside), clothed with short, semierect, brown pubescence; III, length (n = 4) 0.24-0.45 mm, pale castaneous basally, darker toward apex; IV, length (n = 3) 0.30-0.38 mm, dark brown, especially at base. Thorax: Pronotum: Mesal length 0.45-0.60 mm; posterior width 1.20-1.35 mm; campaniform, flattened, dark castaneous; anterior and posterior margins nearly straight; pronotum clothed with short, decumbent, white setae. Mesoscutum: Weakly elevated. Scutellum: Dark brown, covered with decumbent, silvery setae. Hemelytron: Castaneous, sometimes pale castaneous before posterior band of setae on corium; apex of emboliar margins dark castaneous, dashed with reddish brown; cuneus dark brown; anterior band of setae usually across entire width of body. Venter: Propleura castaneous; meso- and metapleura shining, black; abdomen castaneous to black (some specimens with genital capsule brownish red). Legs: Procoxa pale castaneous; femur, trochanter, tibia, and tarsus fuscous. Genitalia (Figs. 374-376). Female (n = 2): Similar to male in general appearance. Total length 2.55-2.85 mm. Head: Length 0.30-0.45 mm, width across eyes 0.85-1.05 mm, width of vertex 0.43-0.45 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30-0.36 mm; II, length 1.20 mm; III, length 0.45 mm; IV, length 0.30 mm. Thorax: Pronotum. Mesal length 0.45 mm; posterior width 0.45-0.60 mm. Etymology. Named for the country of origin, Cuba. Host. It was collected in an area predominated by a species of Pinus [Pinaceae]. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Cuba, Pinares de Mayari, Playa Sabina, Holgüin, 8.vii.1990, L. F. Armas-V. Becker, a la luz (IES). Paratypes: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as for holotype; 5 ♂♂, Loma de la Bandera, Mayari, Holgüin, 13.vi.1990, L. F. Armas-V.Becker, charrascal, a la luz, 400 m (BMNH, IES, USNM). Other specimens examined. Cuba, 3 ♂♂ (without heads): Cayo Sabina, Pinares de Mayari, Holgüin, L. F.Armas-V. Becker, a la luz; 1 ♂ (without head), same data as for holotype (IES).

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Genus Sthenaridea Reuter Sthenaridea Reuter, 1885: 197. Type species: Sthenaridea pusilla Reuter, 1885, a junior synonym of Deraeocoris piceoniger Motschulsky, 1863. Diagnosis. Distinguished by the small, oval shape; sericeous setae on the propleura; the fleshy, convergent parempodia; and structure of the male genitalia, especially the vesica that forms a simple tube with no obvious secondary gonopore. Sthenaridea is a widely distributed genus in the Neotropical Region, with 21 described species (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988; Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by four species.

Key to species of Sthenaridea in Cuba (Modified from Schuh and Schwartz, 1988) 1. – 2. – 3. –

Body and appendages pale yellowish brown; male genitalia (Figs. 379, 380); dorsal habitus (Fig. 116)................................................... carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz Body dark colored, usually castaneous, appendages pale to dark; male genitalia different ..................................................................................................................2 Antennal segment I and II concolorous; vesica L-shaped (Fig. 385); dorsal habitus (Fig. 118) ...................................................................................vulgaris (Distant) Antennal segment I and II not concolorous, either segment I dark and II pale, or I entirely pale and II castaneous to nearly black; vesica C-shaped...........................3 Antennal segment I dark, segment II pale; male genitalia (Figs. 381-383); dorsal habitus (Fig. 117)............................................... maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz Antennal segment I pale, segment II castaneous to nearly black; male genitalia (Figs. 377, 378); dorsal habitus (Fig. 115) ................................... araguaiana (Carvalho) Sthenaridea araguaiana (Carvalho) (Figs.115, 377, 378)

Rhinacloa araguaiana Carvalho, 1948: 11 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 38 (cat.). Paramixia araguaiana: Carvalho, 1984: 180 (n. comb.); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 431 (note).

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Sthenaridea araguaiana: Schuh and Schwartz, 1988:186 (n. comb., descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 470 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Diagnosis. Male: Similar to S. maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz, but distinguished by the general castaneous coloration, pale antennal segment I in contrast to the black segment II, dark coxae, mostly black trochanters and femora, and the structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 377, 378). Total length 1.92-2.34 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.35-1.65 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)]. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 115). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. Cuba, 14 specimens: Mogote del Fonte, Mogote de la Sidra, San Andrés (Pinar del Rio). Bauta (Habana). Meseta del Guaso (Guantánamo). Loma de la Bandera, Mayari (Holgüin). Pico Cuba (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, IES). Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) reported S. araguaiana from Mexico to Peru, and the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Hernández and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first report from Cuba. Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz (Figs. 116, 379, 380) Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 187 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995:471 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the generally pale golden coloration, dark red compound eyes, darkened antennal segments II and IV, weakly convex lateral hemelytral margins, elongate-oval body, and structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 379, 380), especially the C-shaped vesica and the broad and strongly elevated posterior lobe of the left paramere. Total length 2.18-2.24 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.33-1.71 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)]. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 116). Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Type material examined. Paratype: 1 (abdomen missing, sex unknown), Belize: Belize Houlover Road, NW of Belize city, 8-10 July 1978, P. S. Broomfield (BMNH). Other specimens examined. No Cuban material examined. Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) recorded S. carvalhoi from tropical Mexico to southern Brazil, the Greater Antilles, and Cuba, including La Habana, Cayo Tio Pepe, and Cayo La Vela (Villa Clara). They noted that some of Maldonado’s (1969) records for S. carmelitana from Puerto Rico may pertain to this species.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 139

Sthenaridea maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz (Figs. 117, 381-383) Sthenaridea maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 189 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 471 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 117). Recognized by the dark brown to castaneous general coloration, nearly black antennal segment I in contrast to the mostly pale segment II, apically pale coxae, pale trochanters, basally pale femora, dark metatibiae, and the structure of the male genitalia, especially the L-shaped vesica (Figs. 381-383). Total length 2.02-2.40 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.45-1.69 mm [Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)]. Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Host. Unknown. Specimens examined. Cuba, 1 specimen: Alqüizar (La Habana) (IES). Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) recorded S. maldonadoi from Mexico to central Brazil, the Greater Antilles, and Cuba (Soledad, Cienfuegos). Sthenaridea vulgaris (Distant) (Figs. 118, 384, 385) Jornandes vulgaris Distant, 1893: 448 (orig. descrip.). Psallus politus Uhler, 1894: 195 (orig. descip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 127 (cat.). Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 192. Paramixia polita: Henry, 1985b: 1128 (n. comb.). Sthenarus plebejus Reuter, 1907: 26 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1980: 647. Synonymized with Psallus politus Uhler, 1894, by Henry 1985: 1128; synonymized with Jornandes vulgaris Distant, 1893, by Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 192. Sthenaridea vulgaris: Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 192 (n. comb., descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b: 215 (descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 472 (cat.); Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.). Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 118). Distinguished by the general castaneous coloration; the pale golden antennal segments I and II (antennal segment II sometimes extensively darkened distally), trochanters, and tibiae; the generally darkened antennal segments III and IV; the variably pale to mostly dark femora; mostly black metathoracic scent-gland area, without pale areas; and structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 384, 385), especially the more or less L-shaped vesica with a sharp sub-basal curve (Fig. 385). Total length 2.37-2.82 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.43-1.98 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)].

140 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

Female: Similar to male in general appearance. Hosts. Collected on Zea mays L. [Poaceae] and Sorghum sp. [Poaceae]. Specimens examined. Cuba, 21 specimens: Punta del Este; Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud). San Luis; Soroa; Sierra de Mesa; La Palma; Viñales; Sierra de Cajalbana (Pinar del Rio). Caimito; Bauta; Ariguanabo (La Habana). La Chata, Boyeros; Santiago de las Vegas; Vedado (Ciudad de la Habana). La Boca, Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas). Soldedad (Cienfuegos). Hanabanilla, Escambray; Cudina (Sancti Spiritus). Cubanacan; Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). Santiago de Cuba. Pinares de Mayari (Holgüin). (Las Villas Mayajigua; Matanzas Varadero) (BMNH, IES, USNM). Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) indicated that S. vulgaris is widespread from southern Florida and Texas, south to Bolivia and southern Brazil, and throughout the Caribbean. It is common in Cuba.

Miridae Incorrectly Recorded from Cuba Bryocoriniae: Eccritotarsini Sixeonotus insignis Reuter, 1876 Alayo (1974) recorded S. insignis based on one specimen (No. 134) determined by Uhler that is deposited in the Gundlach Collection (IES). Maldonado (1986) suggested that Alayo’s (1974) record could have been a misidentification of Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado. One of us (LMH) examined this specimen and compared it with species of the related genera Cyrtocapsus Reuter, Pycnoderes Guérin-Méneville, and Sixeonotus Reuter. Although it is a female without antennae and the hemelytra are damaged by psocids, the shape and punctation of the pronotum are closer to Aguayomiris than to Sixeonotus. In the absence of additional material, we agree with Maldonado (1986) and exclude S. insignis from the list of Cuban Miridae. Mirinae: Mirini Polymerus basalis (Reuter, 1876) Alayo (1974) recorded P. basalis from Cuba, based on one male (No. 177) identified by Uhler, deposited in the Gundlach Collection (IES). One of us (LMH) has studied this specimen, which is partially damaged by psocids, and considered it a dark form of P. testaceipes. Polymerus basalis, therefore, is removed from the Cuban list. Proba sallei (Stål, 1862) Alayo’s (1974) record of Proba sallei from Cuba was based on two specimens (No. 205) deposited in the Gundlach Collection (IES). One of us (LMH) has studied these specimens

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 141

and compared them with type material of P. sallei housed at the BMNH, and considers them misidentifications. One specimen, a female partially damaged by psocids, is Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber). The other specimen, a female, belongs to the genus Derophthalma, but its poor condition precludes a positive identification. Maldonado’s (1986) record of P. sallei from Cuba is based on Alayo’s (1974) report; we, therefore, exclude this name from the list of Cuban Miridae. Proba sallei is known from the southwestern United States, south to Peru (Maldonado, 1986; Henry and Wheeler, 1988; Schuh, 1995). Phylinae: Phylini Atractotomus rubidus (Uhler, 1895) Alayo (1974) recorded this species as Lepidopsallus rubidus (Uhler), indicating that the record from Cuba was based on specimens (probably identified by Uhler) sent to him by Gundlach. Maldonado (1986) considered Alayo’s (1974) record doubtful. Stonedahl (1990) in his revision of Atractotomus stated that “... the Cuba, San[to] Domingo, and Mexico records are not rubidus, possibly not Atractotomus ...” He restricted the distribution of A. rubidus to the eastern United States and Ontario, Canada, where it is found on Salix babylonica L., S. interior Rowlee, and S. nigra Marsh. [Salicaceae]. We agree with Maldonado (1986) and Stonedahl (1990) and, therefore, exclude this name from the Cuban mirid list.

142 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Paul Brown, Janet Margerison, Jon Martin, Mick Webb, and the late Gaden Robinson (Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK) for their support and encouragement during this study.  We are grateful to Harry Taylor (Photographic Unit, BMNH), who provided all black and white and certain color photographs (Figs. 18, 24, 27, 33, 42, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 71, 72, 74, 79, 82, 84-86, 88), and Michele Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ARS, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC), who produced the remaining color images and assembled the color plates. We are also grateful to Gary Stonedahl for his support and technical assistance during the early construction of this study and Nathalie David-Hernández (wife of the first author) for her support and patience throughout this study and help with many of the illustrations used in this paper. We are indebted to the following museums and their curators or collection managers for lending specimens: Randall T. Schuh (AMNH); J. L. Stehlik (MM); and Willem Hogenes (ZMA).  We also are grateful to Nayla Garcia, Elba Reyes, Luis F. de Armas, Roxanna Rodriguez, Martha Hidalgo (all from Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática [IES], Miniterio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, Cuba) for arranging the loan of mirid type material. Thanks is also given to Augusto Juarrero de Varona for handcarrying and help arranging shipment of several important types.  Finally, we thank Michael G. Pogue (SEL), Natalia J. Vandenberg (SEL), and Alfred G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina) for kindly reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript and offering suggestions for its improvement. This project was initially funded during 1995-1996, through a fellowship grant (No. 162/3/53) under the Darwin Biosystematics Initiative for the Survival of the Species, a programme funded by the Department of Environment, United Kingdom.

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Brailovsky, H. A. 1985. Revisión del género Anasa Amyot-Serville (Hemiptera-HeteropteraCoreidae-Coreinae-Coreini). Monografias del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2: 1-266. Brailovsky, H. A. and M. Garcia. 1987. Revisión del género Catorintha Stål (HemipteraHeteroptera-Coreidae-Coreinae-Coreini). Monografías del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 4: 1-148. Brown, F. M. 1978. The origins of the West Indian butterfly fauna. Pp: 5-30. In: Gill, F.G., ed. Zoogeography in the Caribbean. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication No. 13. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bruner, S. C. 1934. Notes on Cuban Dicyphinae (Hemiptera, Miridae). Memoria de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural “Felipe Poey” 8(1): 35-46. Bruner, S. C., L. C. Scaramuzza, and Y. A. R. Otero. 1945. Catalog de los Insectos que Atacan a las Platas Economicas de Cuba. Estacion Experiemental Agronomica Bulletin 63. Santiago de las Vegas, Habana. 246 pp. Bruner, S. C., L. C. Scaramuzza, and Y. A. R. Otero. 1975. Catalog de los Insectos que Atacan a las Platas Economicas de Cuba. Segunda edicion revisada y aumentada. Instituto de Zoologia, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Habana. 401 pp. Butler, A. G. 1877. Account of the Zoological Expedition made during the visit of H. M. S. Petel to the Galapagos Islands. X. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877: 88-91. Butler, G. D., Jr. 1965. Spanogonicus [sic] albofasciatus as an insect and mite predator (Hemiptera: Miridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 38: 70–75. Butler, G. D., Jr., and A. Stoner. 1965. The biology of Spanogonicus [sic] albofasciatus. Journal of Economic Entomology 58: 664-665. Callan, E. McC. 1975. Miridae of the genus Termatophylidea (Hemiptera) as predators of cacao thrips. Entomophaga 20: 389-391. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1944. Mirídeos neotropicais: Sôbre o gênero "Sericophanes" Reuter, com descrição de uma nova espécie (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 4: 517-530. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1945a. Mirídeos neotropicais: XVII. Gêneros "Cyrtorhinus" Fieber e "Bothrophorella" Reuter (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 5: 315-319. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1945b. Mirídeos neotropicais, 19: Gênero Macrolophus Fieber, com descrição de duas espécies novas e Solanocoris n. g. (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 6: 525-534. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1945c. Mirídeos neotropicais: Gêneros Dioniza Distant, Neella Reuter, Collaria Provancher, Falconia Distant e Ophthalmomiris Berg, com descrições de espécies novas (Hemiptera). Revue de Entomologia 16: 158-187. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1947. Mirideos neotropicais, 29: Itacoris n. gen., e tres espécies novas de gêneros ja revistos (Hemiptera). Annales da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 19: 103-111. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1948. Mirídeos neotropicais, XXX: Gêneros Ellenia Reuter, Eurychilopterella Reuter, e Rhinacloa Reuter, com descrições de espécies novas (Hemíptera). Boletim do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro (nova serie) (Zoologia) 85: 1-12, 9 plates.

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Carvalho, J. C. M. 1952a. Neotropical Miridae. L: On the present generic assignment of the species in Biologia Centrali Americana (Hemiptera). Boletim do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro. (nova serie) (Zoologia ) 118: 1-17. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1952b. On the major classification of the Miridae (Hemiptera)(with keys to subfamilies and tribes and a catalogue of the world genera). Annales da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 24: 31-110. Carvalho, J .C. M. 1954. Neotropical Miridae, 77: Miscellaneous observations in some European Museums (Hemiptera). Annales da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 26: 423-427. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1955a. Keys to the genera of Miridae of the World (Hemiptera). Bulletin do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Zoologia 11: 1-151. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1955b. Analecta Miridologica: Miscellaneous observations in some American museums and bibliography. Revista Chilena de Entomología 4: 221-227. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1955c. Neotropical Miridae, LXXVI: Genus “Platyscytus” Reuter, with a key and description of a new species. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 15: 137-140. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1956. Insects of Micronesia: Miridae. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Insects of Micronesia 7: 1-100. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1957. Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. Part I: Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae, Bryocorinae. Archivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 44(1): 1-158. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1958a. Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. Part II: Phylinae. Archivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 45(2): 1-216. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1958b. Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. Part III: Orthotylinae. Archivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 45(3): 1-163. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1959. Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. Part IV: Mirinae. Arquivos do Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 48(4): 1-384. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1976a. Analecta miridologica: Concerning changes of taxonomic positions of some genera and species (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 36: 49-59. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1976b. Mirìdeos neotropicais, CC: Revisão do género Horcias Distant, con descriçoes de especies novas (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 36: 429-472. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1980. Analecta miridologica, III: Observations on type specimens in the Natural History Museums of Wein and Genova (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 40: 643-647. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1984. Mirídeos neotropicais, CCLII: Descrições de novos gêneros e espécies da tribo Phylini Douglas and Scott (Hemíptera). Bulletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Zoologia 1: 143-206. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1986. Mirídeos neotropicais, CCLXX: Espécies regionais do género Tropidosteptes Uhler (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 46: 401-413. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1987a. Mirídeos neotropicais, CCXXVI: Descrições de dois novos gêneros, seis novas espécies e considerações sobre duas espécies descritas (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 225-235. Carvalho, J.C.M. 1987b. Mirídeos neotropicais, CCLXXXIII: Espécies sul americanas do gênero Falconia Distant (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 597-614.

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Henry, T. J. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. 1988. Family Miridae Hahn, 1833 (=Capsidae Burmeister, 1835). The plants bugs, pp. 251- 507. In: Henry, T.J. and R. C. Froeschner, eds. Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United Stated, E. J. Brill Leiden, New York, i-xii, 1-958. Herczek, A. 1993. Systematic position of Isometopinae Fieb. (Miridae, Heteroptera) and their intrarelationships. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ðl skiego W. Katowicah 1357: 1-88. Hernández, L. M. 1993. Nueva especie de Diphleps (Hemiptera: Miridae: Isometopinae) de Cuba. Centro Agrícola 3: 5-9. Hernández, L. M. 2001. Los míridos (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) de la colección Gundlach, Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática. Cocuyo 10: 5-6. Hernández, L. M. and T. J. Henry. 1999. Review of the Ceratocapsus of Cuba, with descriptions of three new species and a neotype designation for C. cubanus Bergroth (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). Caribbean Journal of Science. 35: 201-214. Hernández, L. M. and E. Reyes. 1995. Tipos de Hemiptera (Insecta) depositados en el Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. Poeyana 446: 2-10. Hernández, L. M. and G. M. Stonedahl. 1996. Cubanomiris pilosus new genus and species of Eccritotarsini (Miridae: Bryocorinae) from Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science 32: 151-157. Hernández, L. M. and G. M. Stonedahl. 1997a. Nine new species of Phytocoris (Heteroptera: Miridae) from Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science 33: 58-69. Hernández, L. M. and G. M. Stonedahl. 1997b. Lista anotada de los míridos de Cuba (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cocuyo 6: 21-23. Herrich-Schaeffer, G. A. W. 1835. Hemiptera. In: Panzer, G. W. F. Faunae Insectorum Germanicae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. Regensburg. 135: 1-24. Hixson, E. 1941. The host relation of the cotton flea hopper. Iowa State Journal of Science 16: 66-68. Hussey, R. F. 1957. Two changes of name in the Hemiptera (Aneuridae and Miridae). Florida Entomologist 40: 80. International Plant Names Index. 2009. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. [accessed 29 October 2009]. Kelton, L. A. 1959. Male genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Canadian Entomologist 91 (suppl. 11): 1-72. Kelton, L. A. 1964. Revision of the genus Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy, 1905, with descriptions of eleven new species (Hemiptera: Miridae). Canadian Entomologist 96: 1421-1433. Kerzhner, I. M. 1993. Notes on synonymy and nomenclature of Palearctic Heteroptera. Zoosystematica Rossica 2: 97-105. Kirkaldy, G. W. 1902. Memoir upon the rhynchotal family Capsidae Auctt. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1902: 243-272. Kirkaldy, G. W. 1903. Einige neue und wenig bekannte Rhynchoten. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 22:13-17.

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Kirkaldy, G. W. 1905. Neue und wenig bekannte Hemiptera. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 24: 266-268. Kirkaldy, G. W. 1906. List of the genera of the pagiopodous Hemiptera-Heteroptera, with their type species, from 1758 to 1904 (and also of the aquatic and semi-aquatic Trochalopoda). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 32: 117-156, 156a, 156b. Knight, H. H. 1925. A new Rhinacloa and three new species of Lepidopsallus (Hemiptera: Miridae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 20: 225-228. Knight, H. H. 1926a. Descriptions of nine new species of Bryocorinae (Hemiptera, Miridae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21: 102-108. Knight, H. H. 1926b. Descriptions of eleven new species of Phytocoris from eastern North America (Hemiptera, Miridae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 21: 158-168. Knight, H. H. 1927. On the Miridae in Blatchley’s Heteroptera of Eastern North America. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 22: 98-105. Knight, H. H. 1931. Three new species of Cyrtorhinus from North America (Hemiptera, Miridae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 26: 171-173. Knight, H. H. 1941. The Plants Bugs or Miridae of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 22: 1-234. Konstantinov, F. V. 2003. Male genitalia in Miridae (Heteroptera) and their significance for suprageneric classification of the family. Part I: General review, Isometopinae and Psallopinae. Belgian Journal of Entomology 5: 3-36. Leston, D. 1952. On certain subgenera of Lygus Hahn 1833 (Hem., Miridae), with a review of the British species. Entomologist’s Gazette 3: 213-230 Leston, D. 1979. The species of Dagbertus (Hemiptera: Miridae) associated with avocado in Florida. Florida Entomologist 62: 376-379. Liebherr, J. K. 1988. Biogeographic patterns of West Indian Platynus carabid beetle (Coleoptera). In: Liebherr, S. W., ed. Zoogeography of Caribbean Insects. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. vii +277. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1: 1-823 + i-iii. Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1(2): 533-1327. Maldonado Capriles, J. 1969. The Miridae of Puerto Rico (Insecta, Hemiptera). University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper 45: 1-133. Maldonado, Capriles, J. 1970. Descriptions of new species of the genus Termatophylidea with a key to the known species (Hemiptera: Miridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72: 119-126. Maldonado Capriles, J. 1980. The genus Jobertus Distant, 1884 (Hemiptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). Journal of the Agricultural University of Puerto Rico 64: 304-309.

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Maldonado Capriles, J. 1986. Concerning Cuban Miridae (Insecta: Hemiptera). Caribbean Journal of Science 22: 125-136. Maldonado Capriles, J. 1991. Additions and corrections to the Miridae of Puerto Rico (Insecta: Heteroptera). Caribbean Journal of Science 27:117-123. Maldonado Capriles, J. and J. C. M. Carvalho. 1981. A new species of Platyscytus Reuter and a key to the species of the genus (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 41: 385-388. Malipatil, M. B. and G. Cassis. 1997. Taxonomic review of Creontiades Distant in Australia (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae). Australian Journal of Entomology 36: 1-13. McAtee, W. L. and J. R. Malloch. 1924. Some annectant bugs of the superfamily Cimicoidea (Heteroptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 19: 69-82. McAtee, W. L. and J. R. Malloch. 1932. Notes on the genera of Isometopinae (Heteroptera). Stylops 1: 62-70. Miller, L. D. and J. Y. Miller. 1989. The biogeography of the West Indian butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidesa, Hesperioidea): A vicariance model. In: Woods, C. D., ed. Biogeography of the West Indies. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida. xvii + 878 pp. Morales, L. Romero, H. Grillo Ravelo, and V. Hernández Rodríguez. 2002. Detección de agentes de control natural de Pseudacysta perseae (Heid.) y suscetibilidad de los distinto estados de desarrollo and hongos entomopatógenos. Revista de Proteccion Vegetal 17 (2): 137 (abstract). Motschulsky, V. 1863. Essais d’un catalogue des insects de I’ile Ceylan. Bulletin de la Societé Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 36(3): 1-153. Neal, T. M., G. L. Greene, F. W. Mead, and W. H. Whitcomb. 1972. Spanogonicus [sic] albofasciatus (Hemiptera: Miridae): A predator in Florida soybeans. Florida Entomologist 55: 247-250. Palmer, W. A., and K. R. Pullen. 1998. The host range of Falconia intermedia (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae): A potential biological control agent for Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 633-635. Parshley, H. M. 1915. Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Maine. Corrections and additions. Psyche 22: 22-23. Poppius, B. 1911. Zwei neue nearktische Miriden-Gattungen. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 55: 84-87. Poppius, B. 1914. Einigie neue Miriden-Gattungen und Artegen aus Nord-America und Cuba. Annales de la Societé Entomologique de Belgique 58: 259-261. Provancher, L. 1872. Description de plusieurs Hémiptères nouveaux. Hétéroptères. Naturaliste Canadien 4: 73-79, 103-108, 319-320, 350-352, 376-379. Rambur, J. P. 1839. Faune entomologique de l’Andalousie. Tome II. Arthus Bertrand, Libraire, Paris. 336 pp. Reuter, O. M. 1875. Genera Cimicadarum Europae. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska VetenskapAkademiens Handlingar 3(1): 1-66.

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Reuter, O .M. 1876. Capsinae ex America boreali in Museo Holmiensi asservatae, descriptae. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Föhandlingar 32(9): 59-92. Reuter, O. M. 1882. Ad cognitionem Heteropterorum Africae occidentalis. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 25: 1-43. Reuter, O. M. 1885. Species Capsiarum quas legit expeditio danica Galateae descript. Entomologische Tidskrift 5: 195-200. Reuter, O. M. 1890. Capsidae novae ex Africa boreali, descripsit. Revue d’Entomologie 9: 255-260. Reuter, O. M. 1892. Voyage de M. F. Simon au Venezuela (decembre 1887-Avril 1888) 20 e Memories. Hemipteres Heteropteres 1ra partie. Capsides. Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France 61: 391-402. Reuter, O. M. 1893. New species of Miridae. In: Bergroth, E. Mission scientifique de M. Ch. Allauad aux Iles Sechelles. Revue d’Entomologie 12: 197-209. Reuter, O. M. 1895. Ad cognitionem Capsidarum. III. Capsidae ex Africa boreali. Revue d’Entomologie 14: 131-142. Reuter, O. M. 1896. Dispositio generum palearcticorum divisionis Capsaria familiae Capsidae. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Föhandlingar 38: 156-171. Reuter, O. M. 1903. Capsidae ex Abessinia et regionibus confinibus enumeratae novaque species descriptae. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 45(6): 1-18. Reuter, O. M. 1905. Capsidae in Venezuela a D:o D:re Fr. Meinert collectae enumeratae novaeque species descriptae. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 47(19): 1-39. Reuter, O. M. 1907. Capsidae novae in insula Jamaica mense Apriles 1906 a D. E. D.Vanduzee collectae. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Föhandlingar 49(5): 1-27. Reuter, O. M. 1908a. Capsidae tres Cubanae. Die drei von Guérin in Ramon de las Sagra's Histoire physique, politique et naturelle e l'Ile de Cuba beschriebenen Capsiden neu beschrieben. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Konglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien 22: 147-149. Reuter, O. M. 1908b. Capsidae Mexicanae a Do. Bilimek collectae in museo i. r. Vindobonensi asservatae. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Konglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien 22: 150-179. Reuter, O. M. 1908c. Hemisphaerodella mirabilis n. gen. et sp. eine merkwürdige CapsidenGattung aus den Antillen. Weiner Entomologische Zeitung 27: 297-298. Reuter, O. M. 1909a. Capsidae Argentinae. Kritische und neue argentinische Capsiden. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societatens Förhandlingar 51A(13): 1-20. Reuter, O. M. 1909b. Bemerkungen über nearktische Capsiden nebst Beschreibung neurer Arten. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 36(2): 1-86. Reuter, O. M. and B. Poppius. 1912. Zur Kenntnis der Termatophyliden. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societatens Förhandlingar 54A(1): 1-17.

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Roisin, Y., R. H. Scheffrahn, and J. Krecek. 1996. Generic revision of the smaller nasute termites of the Greater Antilles (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutertimitinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 775-787. Rosen, D. E. 1975. A vicariance model of Caribbean biogeography. Systematic Zoology 24: 431-464. Say, T. 1832. Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, Indiana. 39 pp. Schuh, R. T. 1974. The Orthotylinae and Phylinae (Hemiptera: Miridae) of South Africa with phylogenetic analysis of the ant-mimetic tribes of the subfamilies for the world. Entomologica Americana 47: 1-322. Schuh, R. T. 1976. Pretarsal struture in the Mirinae (Hemiptera) with a cladistic analysis of relationships within the family. American Museum Novitates 2601: 1-39. Schuh, R. T. 1984. Revision of the Phylinae (Hemiptera, Miridae) of the Indo-Pacific. Bulletin of the American Museum Natural of History 177: 1-462. Schuh, R. T. 1991. Phylogenetic, host, and bibliographic analyses of the Pilophorini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Cladistics 7: 157-189. Schuh, R. T. 1995. Plants Bugs of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). Systematic Catalogue, Distributions, Host List, and Bibliography. The New York Entomological Society. vii + 1263 pp. [also accessible at http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog/] Schuh, R. T. and M. D. Schwartz, 1985. Revision of the plant bug genus Rhinacloa Reuter with a phylogenetic analysis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 179: 379-470. Schuh, R. T. and M.D. Schwartz. 1988. Revision of the New World Pilophorini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 187: 101-201. Schuh, R. T. and J. A. Slater. 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and New York. xi + 283 pp. Schwartz, M. D. 1987. Phylogenetic revision of the Stenodemini with a review of the Mirinae (Heteroptera: Miridae). Ph. D. Thesis, City University of New York. 383 pp. Schwartz, M. D. 2008. Revision of the Stenodemini with a review of the included genera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 110: 1111-1201. Schwartz, M. D. and G. G. E. Scudder. 2003. Seven new species of Miridae (Heteroptera) from British Columbia and Alaska and synonymy of Adelphocoris superbus (Uhler). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 111: 65-95. Sifontes, J. A., H. Grillo, and E. R. Vera. 1982. Enémigos naturales de Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Noctuidae) en las provincias Centrales de Cuba. Centro Agricola 9(3): 3-14. Silva, D. B., R. T. Alves, P. S .F. Ferreira, and A. J. A. Camargo. 1994. Collaria oleosa (Distant, 1883) (Heteroptera: Miridae), um praga potencial na cultura do trigo na região dos cerrados. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasilia 29(12): 2007-2012.

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Slater, J. A. 1988. Zoogeography of the West Indian Lygaeidae (Hemiptera). In: Liebherr, J.K., ed. Zoogeography of Caribbean Insects. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and New York. vii + 277 pp. Stål, C. 1859. Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, III (Zoologi, Insecter), pp: 219-298. Stål, C. 1860-1862a. Bidrag Till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemipter-fauna. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 2 (7): 1-84 (1860); 3(6): 1-75 (1862). Stål, C. 1862b. Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 23: 289-325. Steyskal, G. 1973. The grammar of names in the Catalogue of the Miridae (Heteroptera) of the World by Carvalho, 1957-1960. Studia Entomologica 16: 203-208. Stonedahl, G. M. 1988a. Revisions of Dioclerus, Harpedona, Mertila, Myiocapsus, Prodromus, and Thaumastomiris (Heteroptera: Miridae, Bryocorinae, Eccritotarsini). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 187: 1-99. Stonedahl, G. M. 1988b. Revision of the Mirinae genus Phytocoris Fallen (Heteroptera: Miridae) for western North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 188: 1-257. Stonedahl, G. M. 1990. Revision and cladistic analysis of Holarctic genus Atractotomus Fieber (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 198: 1-88. Stonedahl, G. M. 1995. North American Phytocoris: Eleven new species from Texas (Heteroptera: Miridae). American Museum Novitates. 3155: 1-20. Uhler, P. R. 1878. Notices of the Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the late T. W. Harris, M.D. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 19: 365-446. Uhler, P. R. 1887. Observations on some North American Capsidae. Entomologica Americana 2: 229-231 (1886). Uhler, P. R. 1890. [description of Halticus minutus] In: Popenoe, E. A. Some insects injurious to the bean. Second Report of the Kansas Experiment Station for 1889, pp. 206-212. Uhler, P. R. 1893. A list of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera collected in the island of St. Vincent by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 705-719. Uhler, P. R. 1894. On the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the island of Grenada, West Indies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 167-224. Uhler, P. R. 1895. Descriptions of new genera and species. In: Gillette, C. P. and C. F. Baker, eds. A preliminary list of the Heteroptera of Colorado. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin (Technical Series No.1) 31: 1-137. USDA, NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. [accessed 29 October 2009]. Valdés, P. 1910. Clasificaciòn Gundlach de Hemipteros Cubanos conforme a los ejemplares que están depositados en el Museo del Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de La Habana. Anales de la Academia Fisíca y Natural de La La Habana 46: 425-446.

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Valdés, P. 1914. Museo Cubano “Gundlach” Catálogo General. Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de La Habana, La Habana. 150 pp. Van Duzee, E. P. 1907. Notes on Jamaican Hemiptera: A report on a collection of Hemiptera made on the island of Jamaica in the spring of 1906. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 8(5): 3-79. Van Duzee, E. P. 1915. New genera and species of North American Heteroptera. Pomona College Journal of Entomology 7: 109-121 Van Duzee, E. P. 1916. Check list of the Hemiptera (excepting the Aphididae, Aleurodidae and Coccidae) of America, north of Mexico. New York Entomological Society, New York. xi + 111 pp. Van Duzee, E. P. 1917. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico (excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae, and Aleurodidae). University of California Publications Technical Bulletin Entomology 2: xiv + 902 pp. Wagner, E. and J. A. Slater. 1952. Concerning some Holarctic Miridae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 54: 273- 281. Walker, F. 1873. Catalogue of Specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. British Museum, London. 210 pp. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. 1977. A new name and restoration of an old name in the genus Fulvius Stål (Hemiptera: Miridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 79: 588-592. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. 2001. Biology of the Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae). Pests, Predators, Opportunists. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. 507 pp. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and T. J. Henry. 1978. Isometopinae (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Pennsylvania: Biology and descriptions of the fifth instars, with observations of predation on obscure scale. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71: 607-614. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and T.J. Henry. 1992. A Synthesis of the Holarctic Miridae (Heteroptera): Distribution, Biology, and Origin, with Emphasis on North America. Thomas Say Foundation, Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland 25: 1-282. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2009. Geography of Cuba. Http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Geography_of_Cuba (accessed 16 January 2009). Yasunaga, T. 1990. A revision of the genus Adelphocoris Reuter (Heteroptera, Miridae) from Japan Part I. Japanese Journal of Entomology 58: 606-618. Zayas, F. 1988. Entomofauna Cubana. Tópicos Entomológicos a nivel medio para uso didáctico. Superorden Hemipteroidea. Orden Homoptera. Orden Heteroptera. Tomo VII. Editorial Científico-Técnica, La Habana. 261 pp.

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FIGURES

160 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

ch

tgs

1

vcs

bcs

ocs

pu

ug ics

2

3

5

pa

4

6

7

9

8

10

Figs. 1-10. Pretarsus of Miridae subfamilies and tribes. 1. General structure of the claw (Redrawn after Schuh, 1974). 2-8 (Redrawn after Carvalho and Costa, 1997). 2. Bryocorinae. 3. Deraeocorinae. 4. Cylapinae. 5. Dicyphini. 6. Mirinae. 7. Orthotylinae. 8. Phylinae. 9-10. Tarsus of tribes of Mirinae (Redrawn after Carvalho, 1955a). 9. Tarsus of Sthenodemini (Redrawn after Carvalho,1955a). 10. Tarsus of Mirinae (Redrawn after Carvalho, 1955a). bcs, basal claws spines; ch, claws hair; ics, inner claws surface; ocs, outer claws surface; pa, parempodium; pu, pulvillus; tgs, tarsal guard setae; ug, ungular plate; vcs, ventral claws surface.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 161

13

11

12

14

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18

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Figs. 11-19. Dorsal habitus. 11. Monalocoris americanus (♀). 12. Engytatus modestus (♂). 13. Engytatus varians (♂). 14. Macrolophus basicornis (♂). 15. Macrolophus praeclarus (♂). 16. Nesidiocoris tenuis (♂). 17. Aguayomiris pallipes (♀). 18. Cubanomiris pilosus (holotype ♂). 19. Cyrtocapsus caligineus (♀).

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20

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Figs. 20-28. Dorsal habitus. 20. Cyrtocapsus femoratus (♀). 21. Eurycipitia clarus (♂). 22. Heterocoris dilatatus (♂). 23. Heterocoris dilatatus (♀). 24. Notolobus dimidiatus (♂). 25. Pycnoderes angustatus (♂). 26. Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus (♂). 27. Pycnoderes similaris (holotype ♂). 28. Pycnoderes vanduzeei (♂).

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29

30

32

33

35

36

31

34

37

Figs. 29-37. Dorsal habitus. 29. Pycnoderiella insularis (♂). 30. Sysinas centralis (♀). 31. Fulvius anthocoroides (♂). 32. Fulvius bisbistillatus (♂). 33. Fulvius cavernus (holotype ♂). 34. Ambracius dufouri (♀). 35. Ambracius dufouri (♂). 36. Diplozona collaris (♀). 37. Hyaliodes vittaticornis (allotype ♀).

164 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

38

39

41

44

40

42

45

43

46

Figs. 38-46. Dorsal habitus. 38. Paracarniella cubana (♂). 39. Paracarnus myseri (♀). 40. Paracarnus punctaticollis (holotype ♂of Paracarnus maestralis). 41. Eustictus brunnipunctatus (♀). 42. Eustictus soroaensis (holotype ♂). 43. Termatophylidea pilosa (♀). 44. Diphleps Maldonadoi (♀). 45. Adelphocoris rapidus (♂). 46. Calondas fasciatus (♂).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 165

47

48

50

51

53

54

49

52

55

Figs. 47-55. Dorsal habitus. 47. Creontiades debilis (♀). 48. Creontiades rubrinervis (♂). 49. Dagbertus fasciatus (♂). 50. Dagbertus olivaceus (♂). 51. Dagbertus semipictus (♂). 52. Derophthalma guantanamoensis (holotype ♂). 53. Deropthalma elongata (holotype ♂). 54. Derophthalmoides multimaculatus (♂, redrawn after Maldonado, 1986). 55. Horcias multilineatus (♂).

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57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

56

Figs. 56-64. Dorsal habitus. 56. Horcias multilineatus (♀). 57. Phytocoris angustifrons (allotype ♀). 58. Phytocoris ariadnae (holotype ♀). 59. Phytocoris armasi (holotype ♂). 60. Phytocoris banderae (holotype ♂). 61. Phytocoris cubensis (holotype ♂). 62. Phytocoris iani (holotype ♂). 63. Phytocoris imais (holotype ♂). 64. Phytocoris maestrensis (holotype ♀).

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65

67

66

68

69

71

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70

73

Figs. 65-73. Dorsal habitus. 65. Phytocoris similaris (holotype ♂). 66. Phytocoris turquinensis (holotype ♂). 67. Polymerus testaceipes (dark form, ♂). 68. Polymerus testaceipes (pale form, ♂). 69. Proba distanti (♂). 70. Taylorilygus apicalis (♂). 71. Tropidosteptes cubanus (holotype ♀). 72. Tropidosteptes tumidus (holotype ♀). 73. Prepops atripennis (♀).

168 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

74

77

80

75

76

78

79

81

82

Figs. 74-82. Dorsal habitus. 74. Prepops candelariensis (holotype ♂). 75. Prepops cruciferus (♀). 76. Prepops cubanus (holotype ♂). 77. Prepops latipennis (♀). 78. Prepops maldonadoi (♂). 79. Prepops santiagoensis (holotype ♂). 80. Collaria oleosa (♂). 81. Dolichomiris linearis (♂). 82. Neotropicomiris moaensis (holotype ♂).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 169

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

Figs. 83-91. Dorsal habitus. 83. Trigonotylus tenuis (♂). 84. Ceratocapsus alayoi (♀). 85. Ceratocapsus cubanus (♂). 86. Ceratocapsus holguinensis (♂). 87. Ceratocapsus punctulatus (♂). 88. Ceratocapsus stonedahli (♂). 89. Sericophanes heidemanni (macropterous ♂). 90. Sericophanes heidemanni (brachypterous ♀). 91. Halticus bractatus (macropterus ♂).

170 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

93

92

96

95

98

99

94

97

100

Figs. 92-100. Dorsal habitus. 92. Halticus bractatus (brachypterous ♀). 93. Falconia jamaicensis (♂). 94. Falconia semirasa (♀). 95. Hyalochloria caviceps (♂). 96. Hyalochloria unicolor (♂). 97. Itacoris trimaculatus (♀). 98. Jobertus chryselectrus (♀). 99. Parthenicus sparsus (lectotype ♀of Capellanus sparsus). 100. Proboscidotylus nigrosquamus (♂).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 171

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

Figs.101-109. Dorsal habitus. 101. Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus (paratype ♂). 102. Tytthus neotropicalis (♂). 103. Tytthus parviceps (♂). 104. Platyscytus binotatus (♀). 105. Pseudatomoscelis insularis (♀). 106. Pseudatomoscelis seriata (♂). 107. Reuteroscopus hamatus (♀). 108. Reuteroscopus ornatus (♀). 109. Rhinacloa basalis (♀).

172 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

110

113

116

111

114

117

112

115

118

Figs. 110-118. Dorsal habitus. 110. Rhinacloa cardini (♂). 111. Rhinacloa clavicornis (♀). 112. Rhinacloa pallidipes (♂). 113. Spanagonicus albofasciatus (♂). 114. Pilophorus cubanus (holotype ♂). 115. Sthenaridea araguaiana (♀). 116. Sthenaridea carvalhoi (♀). 117. Sthenaridea maldonadoi (♂). 118. Sthenaridea vulgaris (♂).

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 173

119

120

121

122

123

125 124

Figs. 119-125. Male genitalia. 119-121. Monalocoris americanus. 119. Left paramere, dorsal view. 120. Right paramere, dorsal view. 121. Vesica. 122,123. Engytatus modestus. 122. Left paramere, dorsal view. 123. Genital capsule. 124,125. Macrolophus basicornis. 124. Left paramere, dorsal view. 125. Vesica.

174 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

128 126

127

130

129

132

133

131

Figs. 126-133. Male genitalia. 126, 127. Macrolophus praeclarus. 126. Left paramere, dorsal view. 127. Vesica. 128-130. Nesidiocoris tenuis. 128. Left paramere. 129. Genital capsule. 130. Aguayomiris pallipes, left and right paremeres in situ. 131-133. Cubanomiris pilosus (Redrawn after Hernández and Stonedahl, 1996). 131. Left paramere, dorsal view. 132. Right paramere, dorsal view. 133. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 175

134

135 136

137

138

139

Figs. 134-139. Male genitalia. 134-136. Cyrtocapsus caligineus. 134. Left paramere, dorsal view. 135. Right paramere, dorsal view. 136. Vesica. 137-139. C. femoralis. 137. Left paramere, dorsal view. 138. Right paramere, dorsal view. 139. Vesica.

176 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

140

141

142

144

145

143

Figs. 140-145. Male genitalia. 140-142. Eurycipitia clarus. 140. Left paramere, dorsal view. 141. Right paramere, dorsal view. 142. Vesica. 143-145. Heterocoris dilatatus. 143. Left paramere, dorsal view. 144. Right paramere, dorsal view. 145. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 177

146

147 148

149 151

150

152 154

153

Figs. 146-154. Male genitalia. 146-148. Notolobus dimidiatus. 146. Left paramere, dorsal view. 147. Right paramere, dorsal view. 148. Vesica. 149-151. Pycnoderes angustatus. 149. Left paramere, dorsal view. 150. Right paramere, dorsolateral view. 151. Right paramere, ventral view. 152-154. Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus. 152. Left paramere, dorsal view. 153. Right paramere, dorsolateral view. 154. Right paramere, ventral view.

178 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

155 156 157

158

159 160

161

165 163

164

162

Figs. 155-165. Male genitalia. 155-157. Pycnoderes vanduzei. 155. Left paramere, dorsal view. 156. Right paramere, dorsolateral view. 157. Right paramere, ventral view. 158-160. Pycnoderes similaris. 158. Left paramere, dorsal view. 159. Right paramere, dorsolateral view. 160. Right paramere, apically. 161, 162. Pycnoderiella insularis. 161. Left paramere, dorsal view. 162. Right paramere, dorsal view. 163-165. Sysinas centralis. 163. Left paramere, dorsal view. 164. Right paramere, dorsal view. 165. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 179

167 169

166 168

171

173 172

170

174

175

176

Figs. 166-176. Male genitalia. 166-169. Fulvius anthocoroides (Redrawn after Carvalho and Costa, 1994). 166. Left paramere. 167. Right paramere. 168. Phallotheca. 169. Vesica. 170-173. Fuvius bisbistillatus (Redrawn after Carvalho and Costa, 1994). 170. Left paramere.171. Right paramere. 172. Phallotheca. 173. Vesica. 174-176. Fulvius cavernus. 174. Left paramere, dorsal view. 175. Right paramere, ventral view. 176. Vesica.

180 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

177

178 179

181 180 182

184 183 185 186

Figs. 177-186. Male genitalia. 177-179. Ambracius durfouri. 177. Left paramere, dorsal view. 178. Right paramere, ventral view. 179. Vesica. 180-182. Diplozona collaris. 180. Left paramere, dorsal view. 181. Right paramere, ventral view. 182. Vesica. 183, 184. Hyaliodes vittaticornis. 183. Left paramere, dorsal view. 184. Right paramere, ventral view. 185, 186. Paracarniella cubana. 185. left paramere, dorsal view. 186. Right paramere, ventral view.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 181

188 187

189

191

190

193 192

194 195

196

Figs. 187-196. Male genitalia. 187-190. Paracarnus myersi. 187. Left paramere, dorsal view.188. Right paramere, ventral view. 189. Vesica. 190. Head and pronotum of the nymph (Redrawn after China, 1931). 191-193. Paracarnus puncticollis. 191. Left paramere, dorsal view. 192. Right paramere, ventral view. 193. Vesica. 194-196. Eustictus soroaensis. 194. Left paramere, dorsal view. 195. Right paramere, ventral view. 196. Vesica.

182 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

198 197

199

200 201

203 202 204

205 206 207

Figs. 197-207. Male genitalia. 197, 198. Diphleps henryi (Redrawn after Hernández, 1993). 197. Left paramere, dorsal view. 198. Right paramere, ventral view. 199-201. D. maldonadoi. 199. Left paramere, dorsal view. 200. Right paramere, dorsal view. 201. Vesica. 202-204. Adelphocoris rapidus. 202. Left paramere, dorsal view. 203. Right paramere, ventral view. 204. Vesica. 205-207. Creontiades debilis. 205. Left paramere, dorsal view. 206. Right paramere, dorsal view. 207. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 183

208 209

210

214

213 211 212

215

216

217

Figs 208-217. Male genitalia. 208-210. Creontiades rubrinervis. 208. Left paramere, dorsal view. 209. Right paramere, dorsal view. 210. Vesica. 211-212. Dagbertus fasciatus (Redrawn after Leston, 1979). 211. Left paramere. 212. Right paramere. 213, 214. D. olivaceus (Redrawn after Leston, 1979). 213. Left paramere. 214. Right paramere. 215-217. Derophthalma elongata. 215. Left paramere, ventrolateral view. 216. Right paramere, dorsal view. 217. Vesica.

184 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

218

219

220

225

221

222

223

224

226 227

228

229

Figs 218-229. Male genitalia. 218-220. Derophthalma guantanamoensis. 218. Left paramere, ventralateral view. 219. Right paramere, ventral view. 220. Vesica. 221-225. Derophthalmoides multimaculatus (Redrawn after Maldonado, 1986). 221. Left paramere, lateroventral view. 222. Left paramere, dorsal view. 223. Right paramere, dorsal view. 224. Right paramere, lateral view. 225. Vesica. 226-229. Horcias multilineatus. 226. Left paramere, ventral view. 227. Right paramere, ventral view. 228. Sclerotized process of the vesica. 229. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 185

232 231 230

235 234 233

238

237 236

Figs. 230-238. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997). 230-232. Phytocoris angustifrons. 230. Left paramere, dorsal view. 231. Right paramere, dorsal view. 232. Vesica. 233235. Phytocoris armasi. 233. Left paramere, dorsal view. 234. Right paramere, dorsolateral. 235. Vesica. 236-238. Phytocoris banderai. 236. Left paramere, dorsal view. 237. Right paramere, dorsal view. 238. Vesica.

186 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

241 239

243

240 242

245 246 244

248

249

247

Figs. 239-249. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernández and Stonedahl, 1997a). 239-241. Phytocoris cubensis. 239. Left paramere, dorsal view. 240. Right paramere, dorsal view. 241. Vesica. 242, 243. Phytocoris iani. 242. Left paramere, dorsal view. 243. Vesica. 244-246. Phytocoris similaris. 244. Left paramere, dorsal view. 245. Right paramere, dorsal view. 246. Vesica. 247-249. Phytocoris turquinensis. 247. Left paramere, dorsal view. 248. Right paramere, dorsal view. 249. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 187

250 251

252

254

253

257

255

256

Figs. 250-257. Male genitalia. 250-252. Polymerus testaceipes. 250. Left paramere, dorsal view. 251. Right paramere, dorsal view. 252. Vesica. 253, 254. Proba distanti. 253. Left paramere, dorsal view. 254. Phallotheca and vesica. 255-257. Taylorilygus apicalis. 255. Left paramere, dorsal view. 256. Right paramere, dorsal view. 257. Vesica.

188 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

258 259

260

262 261 263 264

265

268

266

269

267

270

Figs. 258-270. Male genitalia. 258-261. Prepops atripennis. 258. Left paramere, dorsal view. 259. Right paramere, ventral view. 260. Sclerotized process of the vesica. 261. Vesica. 262-264. Prepops cruciferus. 262. Left paramere, dorsal view. 263. Right paramere, dorsal view. 264. vesica. 265-267. Prepops cubanus (Redrawn after Carvalho and Schaffner, 1974). 265. Left paramere, dorsal view. 266. Right paramere, ventral view. 267. Vesica. 268-270. P. latipennis. 268. Left paramere, dorsal view. 269. Right paramere, ventral view. 270. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 189

271 272 273

276

274 275

277

278

279

Figs. 271-279. Male genitalia. 271-273. Prepops maldonadoi. 271. Left paramere, dorsal view. 272. Right paramere, ventral view. 273. Vesica. 274-276. P. candelariensis. 274. Left paramere, dorsal view. 275. Right paramere, ventral view. 276. Vesica. 277-279. P. santiaguenis. 277. Left paramere, dorsal view. 278. Right paramere, ventral view. 279. Vesica.

190 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

280 281 282

283

284 285 286 289

287

288

290

291

293 294 292

Figs. 280-294. Male genitalia. 280-283. Collaria oleosa (Redrawn after Carvalho and Fontes, 1981). 280. Left paramere. 281. Right paramere. 282. Sclerotized process of the vesica. 283. Vesica. 284286. Dolichomiris linearis. 284. Left paramere, dorsal view. 285. Right paramere, ventral view. 286. Vesica. 287-289. Neotropicomiris moaensis. 287. Left paramere, dorsal view. 288. Right paramere, dorsal view. 289. Vesica. 290-294. Trigonotylus tenuis (Redrawn after Carvalho and Gross, 1980). 290. Genital capsule, lateral view. 291. Left paramere, dorsal view. 292. Left paramere, lateral view. 293. Right paramere, right view. 294. View.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 191

296

297

295

300

298 299

302 301

Figs. 295-302. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernández and Henry, 1999). 295-301. Ceratocapsus alayoi. 295. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 296. Left paramere, lateral aspect rotated 180°. 297. Phallotheca. 298. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 299. Right paramere, lateral aspect rotated 180°. 300. Vesica. 201. Genital capsule. 302. Ceratocapsus avelinae. Genital capsule.

192 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

303

304

305

306

308 307

310

309

Figs 303-310. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernández and Henry, 1999). 303-305. Ceratocapsus avelinae. 303. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 304. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 305. Vesica. 306310. Ceratocapsus cubanus. 306. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 307. Left paramere, lateral aspect rotated 180 °. 308. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 309. Right paramere, rotated 180 °. 310. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 193

311

312

313

315

316 314

Figs. 311-316. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernández and Henry, 1999). Ceratocapsus holguinensis. 311. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 312. Left paramere, lateral aspect 180 °. 313. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 314. Genital capsule. 315. Vesica. 316. Phallotheca.

194 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

319 317

318

320

321

322

323

Figs. 317-323. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernández and Henry, 1999). 317-320. Ceratocapsus punctulatus. 317. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 318. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 319. Genital capsule. 320. Vesica. 321-323. C. stonedahli. 321. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 322. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 323. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 195

324 325 326

327

328 329

330 333 331

332

Figs. 324-333. Male genitalia. 324-326. Halticus bractatus (Redrawn after Henry, 1983). 324. Left paramere, ventral view. 325. Right paramere, ventral view. 326. Vesica. 327-329. Falconia jamaicensis. 327. Left paramere, ventral view. 328. Right paramere, ventral view. 329. Vesica. 330, 331. Adult male antennal segments I and II (Redrawn after Henry, 1978) 330. Hyalochloria caviceps. 331. H. unicolor. 332, 333. Itacoris trimaculatus (Redrawn after Maldonado, 1969). 332. Left paramere, dorsal view. 333. Right paramere, dorsal view.

196 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

334

335

338

337

336

340 339

Figs. 334-340. Male genitalia. 334, 335. Jobertus chryselectrus (Redrawn after Maldonado, 1969). 334. Left paramere, dorsal view. 335. Right paramere, dorsal view. 336-338. Sericophanes parviceps (Redrawn after Carvalho, 1944). 336. Left paramere, ventral view. 337. Right paramere, ventral view. 338. Vesica. 339, 340. Tytthus neotropicalis (Redrawn after Carvalho and Southwood, 1955). 339. Left paramere, dorsal view. 340. Right paramere, ventral view.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 197

341

342 343

346 344

345

Figs. 341-346. Male genitalia. 341-343. Tytthus parviceps. 341. Left paramere, dorsal view. 342. Right paramere, ventral view. 343. Vesica. 344-346. Platyscytus binotatus. 344. Left paramere, dorsal view. 345. Right paramere, ventral view. 346. Vesica.

198 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

347

348

349

350

351

352 354 353

355

Figs. 347-355. Male genitalia. 347-350. Reuteroscopus hamatus (Redrawn after Kelton, 1964). 347. Left paramere, dorsal view. 348. Right paramere, dorsal view. 349. Genital capsule, lateral view. 350. Vesica. 351-353. Reuteroscopus ornatus (Redrawn after Kelton, 1964). 351. Left paramere, dorsal view. 352. Right paramere, ventral view. 353. Vesica. 354, 355. Rhinacloa basalis. 354. Left paramere. 355. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 199

356

357 358

359

360

361

362

Figs. 356-362. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Schuh and Schwartz, 1985). 356-358. Rhinacloa cardini. 356. Left paramere, dorsal view. 357. Left paramere, dorsolateral view. 358. Vesica. 359, 360. R. clavicornis. 359. Left paramere, dorsal view. 360. Vesica. 361, 362. R. pallidipes. 361. Left paramere, dorsolateral view. 362. Vesica.

200 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

364 363

366

365

367 368 370

369

371

372

373

Figs. 363-373. Male genitalia. 363-366. Pseudatomoscelis insularis (Redrawn after Henry, 1991). 363. Left paramere, dorsal view. 364. Right paramere, lateral view. 365. Phallotheca. 366. Vesica. 367370. Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Redrawn after Henry, 1991). 367. Left paramere, dorsal view. 368. Right paramere, lateral view. 369. Phallotheca. 370. Vesica. 371-373. Spanagonicus albofasciatus. 371. Left paramere, dorsal view. 372. Right paramere, ventral view. 373. Vesica.

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 201

374

375

376b 376a

377

378

380

381

379

383 382 384

385

Figs. 374-385. Male genitalia. 374-376. Pilophorus maldonadoi. 374. Left paramere, ventral view. 375. Left paramere, ventrolateral view. 376. Vesica (a, lateral view; b, detail of lateral process). 377, 378. Sthenaridea araguaina. 377. Left paramere, lateral view. 378. Vesica. 379, 380. Sthenaridea carvalhoi (Redrawn after Schuh and Schwartz, 1988). 379. Left paramere, lateral view. 380. Vesica. 381-383. Sthenaridea maldonadoi (Redrawn after Schuh and Schwartz, 1988). 381. Left paramere, lateral view. 382, 383 (rotated). Vesica. 384, 385. Sthenaridea vulgaris. 384. Left paramere, lateral view. 385. Vesica.

202 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry

INDEX TO INSECT NAMES *Currently used names in Roman; synonyms, misidentifications, and obsolete combinations in italics; currently used names above genus capitalized; valid genera in bold. Page numbers for principal entries in bold when multiple pages occur. Acanthia pallicornis Fabricius 110 Adelphocoris Reuter 19, 64, 65 Adelphocoris rapidus (Say) 65 Adfalconia bicolor Maldonado 19, 113, 114 Aguayomiris Maldonado 32, 34, 39 Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado 32, 33, 140 alayoi Hernández and Henry, Ceratocapsus 104, 105 albofasciatus Reuter, Cyrtopeltocoris 121, 122 albofasciatus Reuter, Leucopoecila 134 albofasciatus (Reuter), Spanagonicus 134 albofasciatus, Spanogonicus 134 albomaculatus Distant, Fulvius 46 alternus Walker, Capsus 49 Ambracius Stål 49 Ambracius dufouri Stål 49 americanus Wagner and Slater, Monalocoris 24, 25 angustatus Reuter, Pycnoderes 39 angustifrons Knight, Phytocoris 77, 78, 82 ants 20 anthocorides, Fulvius 45 anthocorides Stål, Fulvius 45 anthocoroides (Reuter), Fulvius 45 anthocoroides Reuter, Teratodella 45 aphids 27, 28, 54, 56 apicalis Fieber, Lygus 86 apicalis (Fieber), Taylorilygus 86, 141 araguaiana, Paramixia 137 araguaiana Carvalho, Rhinacloa 137 araguaiana (Carvalho), Sthenaridea 137, 138 ariadnae Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 77, 79

armasi Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 80, 82 atomophorus Reuter, Psallus 127 Atomoscelis seriatus Reuter 127 Atractotomus rubidus (Uhler) 141 atripennis Platytylellus 91 atripennis (Reuter), Prepops 91, 95 atripennis Reuter, Resthenia 91 aureus Distant, Pandama 29 avocado lace bug 59 avelinae Maldonado, Ceratocapsus 105, 107 banderae Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 80, 81 basalis, Polymerus 84 basalis (Reuter), Polymerus 84, 140 basalis (Reuter), Rhinacloa 130, 131 basalis Reuter, Sthenarus 131 basicornis Stål, Deraeocoris 29 basicornis (Stål), Macrolophus 28, 29 bicolor Maldonado, Adfalconia 113, 114 bilineatus Distant, Eioneus 99 binotatus Reuter, Platyscytus 125, 126 bis-bistillatus Stål, Cylapus 46 bisbistillatus (Stål), Fulvius 46 bisbitillatus, Fulvius 46 Bolteria semipictus Blatchley 70 bractatus Say, Capsus 110 bractatus (Say), Halticus 110 bracteatus, Halticus 110 brevicornis Reuter, Fulvius 45

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 203

brevipes, Trigonotylus 101 breviusculus Reuter, Phytocoris 80 brunnipunctatus Maldonado, Eustictus 57 BRYOCORINAE 22, 23 BRYOCORINI 23, 24 butterflies 19 caduca Distant, Falconia 112 caligineus Stål, Capsus 34 caligneus, Cyrtocapsus 35 caligineus (Stål), Cyrtocapsus 34 Calondas Distant 64, 66 Calondas fasciatus Distant 66, 67 Calondas superbus Distant 66 Campylomma cardini Bruner 132 candelariensis Hernández and Henry, Prepops 91, 92, 95 Capellanus Distant 118, 119 Capellanus sparsus 118, 119 Capsus alternus Walker 49 Capsus bractatus Say 110 Capsus caligineus Stål 35 Capsus darwini Butler 68 Capsus dimidiatus Guérin-Menèville 38 Capsus geminus Flor 122 Capsus geminus Say 122 Capsus nubilus Herrich-Schaeffer 28 Capsus rapidus Say 65 Capsus vitripennis Say 52 CARABIDAE 20 cardinalis Uhler, Tropidosteptes 87 cardini Barber and Bruner, Campylomma 132 cardini (Barber and Bruner), Rhinacloa 15, 130, 132 carvalhoi Henry, Proboscidotylus 120 carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz, Sthenaridea 137, 138 castanea Carvalho, Rhinacloa 131 cavernus Hernández and Henry, Fulvius 45, 46 caviceps Reuter, Hyalochloria 114, 115, 116 centralis Distant, Sysinas 43, 44 CERATOCAPSINI 103 Ceratocapsus Reuter 15, 19, 103 Ceratocapsus alayoi Hernández and Henry 104, 105 Ceratocapsus avelinae Maldonado 105, 107 Ceratocapsus cubanus Bergroth 104, 107 Ceratocapsus holguinensis Hernández and Henry 104, 107

Ceratocapsus lutescens Reuter 103 Ceratocapsus parallelus Maldonado 107, 108 Ceratocapsus punctulatus (Reuter) 105, 106 Ceratocapsus stonedahli Hernández and Henry 104, 108 chilena Carvalho and Gomes, Derophthalma 72 chryselectrus Distant, Jobertus 117, 118 Cimex clavatus Linnaeus 135 Cimex filicis Linnaeus 24 Cimex populi Linnaeus 76 Cimex ruficornis Geoffroy 101 Cimex seticornis Fabricius 65 circummaculatus, Prepops 94 citri Ashmead, Rhinocloa 110 clarus (Distant), Eurycipitia 36, 37 clarus Distant, Sysinas 36 clavatus Linnaeus, Cimex 135 clavicornis (Reuter), Rhinacloa 130, 132 clavicornis Reuter, Sthenarus 132 CLIVINEMATINI 48 cocoa thrips 60 COLEOPTERA 20 Collaria Provancher 19, 96 Collaria explicata Uhler 97, 98 Collaria husseyi Carvalho 97, 98 Collaria meilleurii Provancher 96 Collaria oleosa (Distant) 97, 98 collaris, Diplozoma 51 collaris Van Duzee, Diplozona 51 conspersipes Reuter, Phytocoris 82 costae, Cyrtorhinus 123 Creontiades Distant 19, 64, 67 Creontiades debilis Van Duzee 67 Creontiades rubrinervis (Stål) 67, 68 crucifer, Prepops 92 crucifer Berg, Resthenia 92 cruciferus (Berg), Prepops 91, 92, 93 Cubanomiris Hernández and Stonedahl 19, 31, 33 Cubanomiris pilosus Hernández and Stonedahl 33, 34 cubanus Bergroth, Ceratocapsus 104, 106 cubanus Poppius, Cyrtopeltocoris 121, 122 cubanus Bruner, Paracarnus 53 cubanus (Bruner), Paracarniella 53, 60 cubanus Hernández and Henry, Pilophorus 135 cubanus Carvalho and Schaffer, Prepops 90, 93

204 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry cubanus Hernández and Henry, Tropidosteptes 87, 88 cubensis Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 81 cuneatus Polymerus 83 cyaneus Knight, Heterocoris 37, 38 CYLAPINAE 22, 44 Cylapus bis-bistillatus Stål 46 Cylloceps pellicia Uhler 123, 124 Cyrtocapsus Reuter 32, 34, 39, 140 Cyrtocapsus caligneus 35 Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stål) 34, 35, 36 Cyrtocapsus femoralis Reuter 34, 36 Cyrtopeltis Fieber 26 Cyrtopeltis modesta 26 Cyrtopeltis, varians 28 Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reuter 28 Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter 19, 121 Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus Reuter 121, 122 Cyrtopeltocoris cubanus Poppius 121, 122 Cyrtorhinus costae 123 Cyrtorhinus neotropicalis Carvalho 123 Cyrtorhinus parviceps Reuter 123, 124 Cyrtorhinus pubescens Knight 122 Dagbertus Distant 64, 68 Dagbertus fasciatus (Reuter) 69, 70 Dagbertus olivaceus (Reuter) 69, 70 Dagbertus parafasciatus Maldonado 70 Dagbertus sallei 85, 86 Dagbertus semipictus (Blatchley) 69, 70 darwini Butler, Capsus 68 debilis Van Duzee, Creontiades 67 DERAEOCORINAE 22, 47 DERAEOCORINI 48, 50 Deraeocoris basicornis Stål 29 Deraeocoris testaceipes Stål 83 Derophthalma Berg 19, 64, 71, 141 Derophthalma chilena Carvalho and Gomes 72 Derophthalma dominicana Carvalho and Gomes 72 Derophthalma elongata Hernández and Henry 71, 72 Derophthalma guantanamoensis Hernández and Henry 71, 72, 73 Derophthalma reuteri Berg 71 Derophthalmoides Maldonado 19, 64, 74 Derophthalmoides multimaculatus Maldonado 74 DICYPHINA 23 DICYPHINAE 25

DICYPHINI 23, 25 dilatata, Heterocoris 37 dilatatus Guérin-Menèville, Heterocoris 15, 37, 38 dillatatus, Heterocoris 37 dimidiatus Guérin-Menèville, Capsus 38 dimidiatus (Guérin-Menèville), Notolobus 15, 38 DIPHLEBINI 60 Diphleps Bergroth 15, 60, 61 Diphleps henryi Hernández 61, 62 Diphleps maldonadoi Henry 61, 62 Diphleps unica Bergroth 61, 62 Diplozoma collaris 51 Diplozona Van Duzee 51 Diplozona collaris Van Duzee 51 dipteran eggs 27 dipteran larvae 31 distanti Atkinson, Lygus 85 distant (Atkinson), Proba 85 diversus Knight, Phytocoris 82 doddi Distant, Megaloceroea 101, 102 doddi, Trigonotylus 101 dohertyi Distant, Megaloceroea 101, 102 dohertyi, Trigonotylus 100 Dolichomiris Reuter 96, 98 Dolichomiris gutticornis Blatchley 99 Dolichomiris linearis Reuter 98, 102 dominicana Carvalho and Gomes, Derophthalma 72 dufouri Stål, Ambracius 49 ECCRITOTARSINA 23 ECCRITOTARSINI 23, 31 Eccritotarsus splendens Distant 36 Eioneus bilineatus Distant 99 elongata Hernández and Henry, Derophthalma 71, 72 elongatus Distant, Paracarnus 54 Engytatus Reuter 15, 26 Engytatus geniculatus Reuter 26 Engytatus modestus (Distant) 26, 30 Engytatus varians (Distant) 26 Episcopus ornatus Reuter 128, 129 Eurycipitia Reuter 19, 32, 36 Eurycipitia clarus (Distant) 36, 37 Eurycipitia splendens 36, 37 Eustictus Reuter 57 Eustictus brunnipunctatus Maldonado 57 Eustictus soroaensis Hernández and Henry 57, 58

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 205

explicata Uhler, Collaria 97, 98 Falconia Distant 111, 112 Falconia caduca Distant 112 Falconia intermedia (Distant) 112 Falconia jamaicensis Carvalho 112, 113 Falconia semirasa (Distant) 112, 113 filicis Linnaeus, Cimex 24 filicis Monalocoris 24, 25 fasciatus Distant, Calondos 66 fasciatus (Reuter), Dagbertus 69, 70 fasciatus Reuter, Lygus 69 femoralis Reuter, Cyrtocapsus 34, 35, 36 filicis (Linnaeus), Monalocoris 25 forticornis Reuter, Rhinacloa 130 frogs 20 frontalis Reuter, Resthenia 90 FULVIINI 44 Fulvius Stål 19, 44 Fulvius albomaculatus Distant 46 Fulvius anthocorides 44, 45 Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter) 45 Fulvius bisbitillatus 46 Fulvius bisbistillatus (Stål) 45, 46 Fulvius brevicornis Reuter 45 Fulvius cavernus Hernández and Henry 45, 46 Fulvius lunulatus Uhler 46 Fundanius maculatus Distant 49 Fundanius marginatus Distant 49 Fundanius rubricosus Distant 49 geminus Flor, Capsus 122 geminus Say, Capsus 122 geniculatus Reuter, Engytatus 26 gisseleae Grillo, Termatophylidea 60 godmani Distant, Lygus 86, 87 gracilis Distant, Proba 85 grossum Uhler, Megacoelum 57 guantanamoensis Hernández and Henry, Derophthalma 71, 72, 73 gutticornis Blatchley, Dolichomiris 99 HALLODAPINI 120, 121 HALTICINI 102, 109 Halticus Hahn 110 Halticus bracteatus 110 Halticus bractatus (Say) 110 Halticus minutus Uhler 110

Halticus uhleri Giard 110 hamatus Kelton, Reuteroscopus 128, 129 Heliothus virescens Fabricius 30 Heidemanni Poppius, Sericophanes 109 Hemisphaerodella Reuter 34 Hemisphaerodella mirabilis Reuter 35 henryi Hernández, Diphleps 61, 62 Heterocoris Guérin-Menèville 19, 31, 37 Heterocoris cyaneus Knight 37, 38 Heterocoris dilatata 37 Heterocoris dilatatus Guérin-Menèville 15, 37 Heterocoris dillatatus 37 holguinensis Hernández and Henry, Ceratocapsus 104, 107 holosericeus Hahn, Polymerus 83 Horcias Distant 63, 74 Horcias multilineatus Hernández and Henry 75 Horcias variegatus Distant 74 husseyi, Collaria 97 husseyi Carvalho, Collaria 97 Hyaliodes Reuter 52, 53, 54 Hyaliodes vittaticornis Bruner 52 HYALIODINI 48, 51 Hyalochloria Reuter 111, 114 Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter 114, 115, 116 Hyalochloria unicolor Reuter 114, 115, 116 Hyalodes vittaticornis 52 iani Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 81 imias Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 77, 81 insignis, Sixeonotus 33 insignis Reuter, Sixeonotus 33, 140 insularis Henry, Pseudatomoscelis 127 insularis Henry, Pycnoderiella 43 intermedia (Distant), Falconia 112 ISOMETOPINAE 22, 60 Itacoris Carvalho 19, 112, 116 Itacoris nigrioculis Carvalho 116 Itacoris trimaculatus Maldonado 116 jamaicensis Carvalho, Falconia 113 Jobertus Distant 112, 116, 117, 118 Jobertus chryselectrus Distant 117 Jornandes semirasus Distant 113 Jornandes vulgaris Distant 139 latipennis (Stål), Prepops 113 latipennis Stål, Resthenia 90, 93

206 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry latipennis, Opistheuria 93 Lepidopsallus pusilla Knight 131 Lepidopsallus rubidus (Uhler) 141 lepidopteran eggs 27 lepidopteran larvae 31 LEUCOPHOROPTERINI 121, 122 Leucopoecila albofasciatus Reuter 134 linearis Reuter, Dolichomiris 98, 99, 102 linearis Distant, Sysinas 43 Liocoris puncticollis Motschulsky 56 Lopus militaris Uhler 92, 93 lunulatus Uhler, Fulvius 46 lutescens Reuter, Ceratocapsus 103 Lygaeoidea 20 Lygus apicalis Fieber 86 Lygus distanti Atkinson 85 Lygus fasciatus Reuter 69 Lygus godmani Distant 86, 87 Lygus olivaceus Reuter 70 Lygus scutellatus Distant 85 Lygus simonyi Reuter 86 Lygus sparsus Distant 118 Macrolophus Fieber 15, 19, 25, 28 Macrolophus basicornis (Stål) 28, 29 Macrolophus praeclarus (Distant) 28, 29 maculatus Distant, Fundanius 49 maestralis Bruner, Paracarnus 56 maestrensis Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 77, 82 maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes, Prepops 91, 94 maldonadoi Henry, Diphleps 61, 62 maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz, Sthenaridea 138 marginatus Distant, Fundanius 49 mealybugs 27 Megacoelum grossum Uhler 57 Megacoelum rubrinerve Stål 67, 68 Megaloceroea doddi Distant 101 Megaloceroea dohertyi Distant 101 megalopsis Blatchley, Phytocoris 79 meilleurii Provancher, Collaria 96 militaris Uhler, Lopus 92, 93 minutus Uhler, Halticus 110 mirabilis Reuter, Hemisphaerodella 35 MIRINAE 22, 62 MIRINI 63

Miris ruficornis Fallén 101 mites 28 moaensis Hernández and Henry, Neotropicomiris 100 modesta, Cyrtopeltis 26 modestus (Distant), Engytatus 26, 30 modesta Distant, Neosilia 26, 27 Monalocoris Dalhbom 19, 24 Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater 24, 25 Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus) 24, 25 MONOLONIINA 23 multilineatus Hernández and Henry, Horcias 75 multimaculatus Maldonado, Derophthalmoides 74 myersi China, Paracarnus 54, 55, 60 Neoborella Knight 89 Neofurius puncticollis 56 Neoproba varians Distant 27 Neosilia modesta Distant 26, 27 neotropicalis Carvalho, Cyrtorhinus 123 neotropicalis (Carvalho), Tytthus 122, 123 Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes 96, 99 Neotropicomiris moaensis Hernández and Henry 100 Neotropicomiris pilosus Carvalho and Fontes 99, 100 Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy 15, 25, 27, 30 Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) 30 Nesidiocoris volucer Kirkaldy 30 nigrioculis Carvalho, Itacoris 116 nigrosquamus (Maldonado), Proboscidotylus 120 nigrosquamus Maldonado, Parthenicus 120 Notolobus Reuter 19, 31, 38 Notolobus dimidiatus (Guérin-Menèville) 15, 38 nubilus Herrich-Schaeffer, Capsus 28 ocellatus Reuter, Sericophanes 109 oculatus (Reuter), Tropidosteptes 87 ODONIELLINA 23 oleosa (Distant), Collaria 97, 98 oleosus Distant, Trachelomiris 97 olivaceus (Reuter), Dagbertus 69, 70 olivaceus Reuter, Lygus 70 Opistheuria latipennis 93 ornatus Reuter, Episcopus 128, 129 ornatus (Reuter), Reuteroscopus 128, 129, 130 ORTHOTYLINAE 22, 102 ORTHOTYLINI 103, 111 orizicola (Muir), Sogatodes 124 PALAUCORINA 23

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 207

pallicornis Fabricius, Acanthia 110 pallida Reuter, Rhinacloa 131 pallidipes Maldonado, Rhinacloa 130, 131 pallidulus Blanchard, Phytocoris 86 pallidulus, Taylorilygus 86 pallipes Maldonado, Aguayomiris 33, 140 pallipes Distant, Pirithous 35 Pandama aureus Distant 29 Pandama praeclara Distant 29 pannosa Distant, Resthenia 93, 94 Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira 52, 53, 54 Paracarniella cubana (Bruner) 53, 60 Paracarnus Distant 52, 53 Paracarnus cubanus Bruner 53 Paracarnus elongatus Distant 54 Paracarnus maestralis Bruner 56 Paracarnus myersi China 54, 55, 60 Paracarnus puncticollis (Motschulsky) 54, 56 Paracarnus yersi 55 parafasciatus Maldonado, Dagbertus 70 parallelus Maldonado, Ceratocapsus 107 Paramixia araguaiana 137 Paramixa polita 139 Parthenicus Reuter 112, 118, 128 Parthenicus nigrosquamus Maldonado 120 Parthenicus psalliodes Reuter 118 Parthenicus sparsus (Distant) 118 parviceps Reuter, Cyrtorhinus 123, 124 parviceps Poppius, Sericophanes 109 parviceps (Reuter), Tytthus 122, 123 parvus Knight, Phytocoris 80 pellicia Uhler, Cylloceps 123, 124 Perkinsiella sacccaricola Kirkaldy 124 perseae (Heidemann), Pseudacysta 59 PHYLINAE 120 PHYLINI 121, 124 Phytocoris Fallén 15, 19, 64, 74 Phytocoris angustifrons Knight 77, 78, 79, 82 Phytocoris ariadnae Hernández and Stonedahl 77, 79 Phytocoris armasi Hernández and Stonedahl 78, 80, 82 Phytocoris banderae Hernández and Stonedahl 78, 80, 81 Phytocoris breviusculus Reuter 80 Phytocoris conspersipes Reuter 82

Phytocoris cubensis Hernández and Stonedahl 78, 81 Phytocoris diversus Knight 78, 82 Phytocoris iani Hernández and Stonedahl 78, 81 Phytocoris imias Hernández and Stonedahl 77, 81 Phytocoris maestrensis Hernández and Stonedahl 77, 82 Phytocoris megalopsis Blatchley 79 Phytocoris pallidulus Blanchard 86 Phytocoris parvus Knight 80 Phytocoris pinicola Knight 78, 82 Phytocoris pseudonymus Blatchley 79 Phytocoris pygmaeus Rambur 28 Phytocoris similaris Hernández and Stonedahl 78, 82 Phytocoris turquinensis Hernández and Stonedahl 77, 83 PILOPHORINI 121, 134 Pilophorus Hahn 19, 135 Pilophorus cubanus Hernández and Henry 135 pilosa Reuter and Poppius, Termatophylidea 59, 60 pilosus Hernández and Stonedahl, Cubanomiris 33, 34 pilosus Carvalho and Fontes, Neotropicomiris 99, 100 pinicola Knight, Phytocoris 78, 82 Pirithous pallipes Distant 35 Platynus Bonelli 70, Platyscytus Reuter 124, 125 Platyscytus binotatus Reuter 124, 125 Platytylellus atripennis 91 plebejus Reuter, Sthenarus 139 polita, Paramixia 139 politus Uhler, Psallus 139 Polymerus Hahn 19, 64, 83 Polymerus basalis 84 Polymerus basalis (Reuter) 84, 140 Polymerus cuneatus 83 Polymerus holosericeus Hahn 83 Polymerus testaceipes (Stål) 83, 140 populi Linnaeus, Cimex 76 praeclara Distant, Pandama 29 praeclarus (Distant), Macrolophus 28, 29 Prepops Reuter 90 Prepops atripennis (Reuter) 91, 95 Prepops candelariensis Hernández and Henry 91, 95 Prepops circummaculatus 94 Prepops crucifer 92

208 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry Prepops cruciferus (Berg) 91, 92 Prepops cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner 90, 93 Prepops latipennis (Stål) 90, 93 Prepops maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes 91, 94 Prepops rubrovittatus (Stål) 90 Prepops santiagoensis Hernández and Henry 90, 95 Proba Distant 64, 69, 85 Proba distanti (Atkinson) 85 Proba gracilis Distant 85 Proba sallei 86, 87 Proba sallei (Stål) 140, 141 Proboscidotylus Henry 112, 119 Proboscidotylus carvalhoi Henry 119 Proboscidotylus nigrosquamis (Maldonado) 120 provincialis Berg, Spanagonicus 134 psalliodes Reuter, Parthenicus 118 Psallus atomophorus Reuter 127 Psallus politus Uhler 139 Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) 59 Pseudatomoscelis Poppius 19, 126 Pseudatomoscelis insularis Henry 124, 126, 127 Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Reuter) 119, 126, 127 Pseudatomoscelis seriatus 127 pseudonymus Blatchley, Phytocoris 79 pubescens Knight, Cyrtorhinus 122 puncticollis Motschulsky, Liocoris 56 puncticollis, Neofurius 56 puncticollis (Motschulsky), Paracarnus 54, 56 punctipes Maldonado, Rhinacloa 133 punctulatus (Reuter), Ceratocapsus 105, 106, 107, 108 punctulatus, Tiryus 107 punctulatus Reuter, Trichia 107 pusilla Knight, Lepidopsallus 131 pusilla, Rhinacloa 131 pusilla Reuter, Sthenaridea 137 Pycnoderes Guérin-Menèville 19, 32, 34, 39, 140 Pycnoderes angustatus Reuter 39, 40 Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Guérin- Menèville 15, 39, 40 Pycnoderes similaris Hernández and Henry 40, 41 Pycnoderes vanduzeei Reuter 39, 42 Pycnoderiella Henry 32, 39, 42 Pycnoderiella insularis Henry 43 Pycnoderiella virginiana Henry 42 pymaeus Rambur, Phytocoris 28

quadrimaculatus (Guérin-Menèville), Pycnoderes 15, 39, 40 rapidus (Say), Adelphocoris 65 rapidus Say, Capsus 65 red-banded thrips 60 Resthenia atripennis Reuter 91 Resthenia crucifera Berg 92 Resthenia frontalis Reuter 90 Resthenia latipennis Stål 93 Resthenia pannosa Distant 93, 94 RESTHENIINI 63, 89 reuteri Berg, Derophthalma 71 Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy 19, 128, 129 Reuteroscopus hamatus Kelton 128, 129 Reuteroscopus ornatus (Reuter) 128, 129, 130 Rhinacloa Reuter 130 Rhinacloa araguaiana Carvalho 137 Rhinacloa basalis (Reuter) 130, 131 Rhinacloa cardini (Barber and Bruner) 15, 130, 132 Rhinacloa castanea Carvalho 130, 132 Rhinacloa clavicornis (Reuter) 130 Rhinacloa forticornis Reuter 130 Rhinacloa pallida Reuter 131 Rhinacloa pallidipes Maldonado 130, 133 Rhinacloa punctipes Maldonado 133 Rhinacloa pusilla 131 Rhinacloa subpallicornis Knight 132 Rhinocloa citri Ashmead 110 rubidus (Uhler), Atractotomus 141 rubidus, Lepidopsallus 141 rubricosus Distant, Fundanius 49 rubrinerve Stål, Megacoelum 67, 68 rubrinervis (Stål), Creontiades 67, 68 rubrovittatus (Stål), Prepops 90 rubrocinctus (Giard), Selenothrips 60 ruficornis Geoffroy, Cimex 101 ruficornis Fallén, Miris 101 sallei, Dagbertus 85, 86 sallei, Proba 86, sallei (Stål), Proba 86, 140, 141 santiagoensis Hernández and Henry, Prepops 90 SATURNIOMIRINI 57 scutellatus Distant, Lygus 85 Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) 60 semipictus Blatchley, Bolteria 70

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 209

semipictus (Blatchley), Dagbertus 70 semirasa (Distant), Falconia 113 semirasus Distant, Jornandes 113 seriata (Reuter), Pseudatomoscelis 119, 127 seriatus Reuter, Atomoscelis 127 seriatus, Pseudatomoscelis 127 Sericophanes Reuter 103, 109 Sericophanes heidemanni Poppius 109 Sericophanes ocellatus Reuter 109 Sericophanes parviceps Poppius 109 seticornis Fabricius, Cimex 65 similaris Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 82 similaris Hernández and Henry, Pycnoderes 40, 41 simonyi Reuter, Lygus 86 Sixeonotus Reuter 32, 33, 34, 140 Sixeonotus insignis 33 Sixeonotus insignis Reuter 140 Sogatodes orizicoloa (Muir) 124 soroaensis Hernández and Henry, Eustictus 58 Spanagonicus Berg 134 Spanagonicus albofasciatus (Reuter) 134 Spanagonicus provincialis Berg 134 Spanogonicus albofasciatus 134 sparsus (Distant), Parthenicus 118, 119, 128 sparsus, Capellanus 118, 119, 128 sparsus Distant, Lygus 118 splendens Distant, Eccritotarsus 36, 37 splendens, Eurycipitia 36 splendens Distant, Sysinas 36, 37 STENODEMINI 63, 95 Sthenaridea Reuter 135, 137 Sthenaridea araguaiana (Carvalho) 137, 138 Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz 137, 138 Sthenaridea maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz 137, 138, 139 Sthenaridea pusilla Reuter 137 Sthenaridea vulgaris (Distant) 137, 139, 140 Sthenarus basalis Reuter 131 Sthenarus clavicornis Reuter 132 Sthenarus plebejus Reuter 139 stonedahli Hernández and Henry, Ceratocapsus 104, 108 subpallicornis Knight, Rhinacloa 132 sugarcane delphacid 124 superbus Distant, Calondas 66

SURINAMELLINI 48, 56 Sysinas Distant 32, 45 Sysinas centralis Distant 43, 44 Sysinus clarus Distant 36 Sysinas linearis Distant 43 Sysinas splendens Distant 37 Taylorilygus Leston 64, 69, 89 Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber) 86, 141 Taylorilygus pallidulus 86 tenuis Reuter, Cyrtopeltis 30 tenuis (Reuter), Nesidiocoris 27, 30 tenuis (Fieber), Trigonotylus 101, 102 Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter 45 Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius 59, 60 Termatophylidea gisselleae Grillo 60 Termatophylidea pilosa Reuter and Poppius 59, 60 TERMATOPHYLINI 47, 48, 58 testaceipes Stål, Deraeocoris 83 testaceipes (Stål), Polymerus 83, 140 thrips 31, 59 Thysanoptera 60 Tiryus punctulatus 107 Trachelomiris oleosus Distant 97 Trichia punctulatus Reuter 107 Trichoptera 20 Trigonotylus Fieber 19, 96, 101 Trigonotylus brevipes 101 Trigonotylus doddi 101 Trigonotylus dohertyi 101 Trigonotylus tenuis (Reuter) 101, 102 trimaculatus Maldonado, Itacoris 116 Tropidosteptes Uhler 64, 87 Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler 87 Tropidosteptes cubanus Hernández and Henry 87, 88 Tropidosteptes oculatus (Reuter) 87 Tropidosteptes tumidus Hernández and Henry 87, 88, 89 tumidus Hernández and Henry, Tropidosteptes 87, 88, 89 turquinensis Hernández and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 77, 83 Tytthus Fieber 122 Tytthus neotropicalis (Carvalho) 122, 123 Tytthus parviceps (Reuter) 122, 123 uhleri Giard, Halticus 110

210 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry unica Bergroth, Diphleps 61, 62 unicolor Reuter, Hyalochloria 114, 115, 116 vanduzeei Reuter, Pycnoderes 39, 42 varians, Cyrtopeltis 27 varians (Distant), Engytatus 27 varians Distant, Neoproba 27 variegatus Distant, Horcias 74 virescens (Fabricius), Heliothus 30 virginiana Henry, Pycnoderiella 42

vitripennis Say, Capsus 52 vittaticornis Bruner, Hyaliodes 52 vittaticornis, Hyalodes 52 volucer Kirkaldy, Nesidiocoris 30 vulgaris Distant, Jornandes 139 vulgaris (Distant), Sthenaridea 139,140 whiteflies 28, 31 yersi, Paracarnus 55

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 211

INDEX TO PLANT NAMES alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. [Fabaceae]) 111 Amaranthus sp. [Amaranthaceae] 28 Amaranthus dubius Mart. [Amaranthaceae] 84, 131 Ananas comosus Raf. [Bromeliaceae] 35 Andropogon sp. [Poaceae] 97 Andropogon gayanus Kunth [Poaceae] 97 Avena sativa L.[Poaceae] 97, 111 barley (Hordeum vulgare L. [Poaceae]) 97 Batis maritima L. [Bataceae] 67, 116 Bauhinia divaricata L. [Fabaceae] 116 beans (Phaseolus spp. [Fabaceae]) 111 Bidens pilosa L. [Asteraceae] 84, 108 Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. Cv. ‘marandu’ [Poaceae] 97 Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. [Poaceae] 97 Buddleja wrightii Robbins [Buddlejaceae] 133 Canavalia maritima Thouars [Fabaceae] 68 castorbean (Ricinus communis L. [Euphorbiaceae]) 94 Cecropia peltata L. [Cecropiaceae] 118 chick peas (Cicer arietinum L. [Fabaceae]) 68 Cicer arietinum L. [Fabaceae] 68 Citrus sp. [Rutaceae] 52, 133 Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer [Lamiaceae] 118 clover (Trifolium sp. [Fabaceae]) 111 Commelina sp. [Convulvulaceae] 42 Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. [Convulvulaceae] 35 Cordia sp. [Boraginaceae] 118 Cordia glabra Cham. [Boraginaceae] 116 Cordia nitida Vahl [Boraginaceae] 69, 118 corn (Zea mays L. [Poaceae]) 66, 70, 111, 133, 140 cotton (Gossypium sp. [Malvaceae]) 66, 111, 133 Croton sp. [Euphorbiaceae] 127 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne [Cucurbitaceae] 35, 41

Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir [Cucurbitaceae] 118 Cucurbita pepo L. [Cucurbitaceae] 41 Cucurbita “sativus’ [Cucurbitaceae] 41 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. [Poaceae] 101 Digitaria decumbens Stent [Poaceae] 97 Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. [Poaceae] 97 Dryopteris oligophylla Maxin [Aspidaceae] 24 eggplant (Solanum melongena L. [Solanaceae]) 111, 118 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. [Poaceae] 101 Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. [Mimosaceae] 132 Eriochloa polystachya H. B. & K. [Poaceae] 97 ferns 24, 39 forage grasses 97 Fragaria sp. [Rosaceae] 66 grasses 85, 97, 99, 118 Gossypium sp. [Malvaceae] 66, 111, 133 Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. [Sterculiaceae] 126 Helianthus sp. [Asteraceae] 111 Helianthus annuus L. [Asteraceae] 28, 129 Hetrotrichum cymosus Urb. [Melastomataceae] 28 Hippocratea volubilis L. [Hippocrateaceae] 71 Hordeum vulgare L. [Poaceae] 97 Hyptis sp. [Lamiaceae] 40 Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton [Aquifoliaceae] 92 Ipomoea sp. [Convulvulaceae] 40, 41, 68, 84, 134 Ipomoea alba L.[Convolvulaceae] 118 Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb. [Convulvulaceae] 35, 40, 42 Ipomoea pescaprae (L.) [Convulvulaceae] 68 Ipomoea rubra Murr. [Convulvulaceae] 129

212 Luis M. Hernández & Thomas J. Henry Ipomoea tiliacea ‘var?’ [Convulvulaceae] 129 Lantana camara (L.) [Verbenaceae] 115, 116 legumes 46 Ludwigia octovalvis (Jarq.) Raven [Onagraceae] 92 Ludwigia peruvianus (L.) H. Hara [Onagraceae] 92 Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae] 27, 28, 30, 84, 111 mango (Mangifera indica L. [Anacardiaceae]) 133 mangrove 55 Mangifera indica L. [Anacardiaceae] 133 Martynia annua L. [Pedaliaceae] 28, 30 Medicago sativa L. [Fabaceae] 111 Mentha requienii Benth. [Lamiaceae] 28 Monarda sp. [Lamiaceae] 127 Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae] 28, 30, 111 oats (Avena sativa L.[Poaceae]) 97, 111 Oenothera sp. [Onagraceae] 127 Oryza sativa Hochst & Steud. [Poaceae] 97, 124, 134 palm [Palmaceae] 47 Panicum muticum Forssk. [Poaceae] 97 Panicum sp. [Poaceae] 97 Parthenium sp. [Asteraceae] 70 Parthenium hysterophorus L. [Asteraceae] 84, 96, 129 Persea sp. [Lauraceae] 70 Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae] 52, 69, 70 Phaseolus sp. [Fabaceae] 84, 111, 124 Phaseolus limensis Macfad. [Fabaceae] 133 Phaseolus lunatus L. [Fabaceae] 52, 68, 118 Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Fabaceae] 68, 108, 111, 118 Phyllanthus “ovicularis” [Euphorbiaceae] 76 Pinus sp. [Pinaceae] 136 Piper sp. [Piperaceae] 117 Piper peltatum Ruiz & Pav. [Piperaceae] 52, 55 potato (Solanum tuberosum L. [Solanaceae]) 111 Pothomorphe peltata Miq. [Piperaceae] 54 Psidium guajava L. [Myrtaceae] 52 Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubb

[Poaceae] 99 rice (Oryza sativa Hochst & Steud. [Poaceae]) 97, 134 Ricinus communis L. [Euphorbiaceae] 94 Salix babylonica L. [Salicaceae] 141 Salix interior Rowlee [Salicaceae] 141 Salix nigra Marsh [Salicaceae] 141 Sapium sp. [Euphorbiaceae] 44 Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi [Anacardiaceae] 133 Selinum sp. [Apiaceae] 28 Sesamum orientale Sieber ex Presl. [Pedaliaceae] 30 Setaria setosa Beauverd [Poaceae] 97 Solanum sp. [Solanaceae] 127 Solanum erianthum D. Don [Solanaceae] 116, 118 Solanum donianun (Raf.) A. Child [Solanaceae] 38 Solanum melongena L. [Solanaceae] 38, 111, 118 Solanum torvun Sw. [Solanaceae] 38 Solanum tuberosum L. [Solanaceae] 111 Solanum verbascifolium L. [Solanaceae] 118 Sorghum sp. [Poaceae] 140 Spondias mombin L. [Anacardiaceae] 113 squash (Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) [Cucurbitaceae]) 118 strawberry (Fragaria sp. [Rosaceae]) 66 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston [Myrtaceae] 70 Tecoma stans Juss. [Bignoniaceae] 69, 71 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae]) 28, 30, 111 tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae]) 27, 28, 30, 84, 111 Tricholaena rosea Nees [Poaceae] 99 Trifolium sp. [Fabaceae] 111 Triticum aestivum L. [Poaceae] 66, 111 Turbina corymbosa Raf [Convolvulaceae] 35 Vigna sinensis endl. ex Hassk. 68 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. [Fabaceae] 68 wheat (Triticum aestivum L. [Poaceae]) 66, 111 Zea mays L. [Poaceae] 66, 70, 111, 133, 140